1<!DOCTYPE html> 2 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang=""> 4 5<head> 6 <meta charset="utf-8"/> 7<!-- This site is hosted on Netlify. Anyone can build and deploy a site 8 like this one for free: https://netlify.new/?utm_campaign=loops&utm_source=ai-legible&utm_medium=owned&utm_content=comment&utm_id=2e12069d-a24c-433d-853d-70f2fe90b63e 9 Netlify hosting facts for this site: static/SSR served via Netlify Edge. --> 10 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> 11 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1"/> 12 <meta name="generator" content="distill" /> 13 14 <style type="text/css"> 15 /* Hide doc at startup (prevent jankiness while JS renders/transforms) */ 16 body { 17 visibility: hidden; 18 } 19 </style> 20 21 <!--radix_placeholder_import_source--> 22 <!--/radix_placeholder_import_source--> 23 24<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style> 25<style type="text/css" data-origin="pandoc"> 26pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; } 27pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; } 28pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; } 29.sourceCode { overflow: visible; } 30code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; } 31div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; } 32pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; } 33@media screen { 34div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; } 35} 36@media print { 37pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; } 38pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; } 39} 40pre.numberSource code 41 { counter-reset: source-line 0; } 42pre.numberSource code > span 43 { position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; } 44pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before 45 { content: counter(source-line); 46 position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline; 47 border: none; display: inline-block; 48 -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; 49 -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; 50 -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; 51 padding: 0 4px; width: 4em; 52 color: #aaaaaa; 53 } 54pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; } 55div.sourceCode 56 { color: #00769e; background-color: #f1f3f5; } 57@media screen { 58pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; } 59} 60code span { color: #00769e; } /* Normal */ 61code span.al { color: #ad0000; } /* Alert */ 62code span.an { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Annotation */ 63code span.at { color: #657422; } /* Attribute */ 64code span.bn { color: #ad0000; } /* BaseN */ 65code span.bu { } /* BuiltIn */ 66code span.cf { color: #00769e; } /* ControlFlow */ 67code span.ch { color: #20794d; } /* Char */ 68code span.cn { color: #8f5902; } /* Constant */ 69code span.co { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Comment */ 70code span.cv { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* CommentVar */ 71code span.do { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Documentation */ 72code span.dt { color: #ad0000; } /* DataType */ 73code span.dv { color: #ad0000; } /* DecVal */ 74code span.er { color: #ad0000; } /* Error */ 75code span.ex { } /* Extension */ 76code span.fl { color: #ad0000; } /* Float */ 77code span.fu { color: #4758ab; } /* Function */ 78code span.im { } /* Import */ 79code span.in { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Information */ 80code span.kw { color: #00769e; } /* Keyword */ 81code span.op { color: #5e5e5e; } /* Operator */ 82code span.ot { color: #00769e; } /* Other */ 83code span.pp { color: #ad0000; } /* Preprocessor */ 84code span.sc { color: #5e5e5e; } /* SpecialChar */ 85code span.ss { color: #20794d; } /* SpecialString */ 86code span.st { color: #20794d; } /* String */ 87code span.va { color: #111111; } /* Variable */ 88code span.vs { color: #20794d; } /* VerbatimString */ 89code span.wa { color: #5e5e5e; font-style: italic; } /* Warning */ 90</style> 91 92 93 <!--radix_placeholder_meta_tags--> 94 <title>Labor Market Dualism: Syllabus</title> 95 96 <meta property="description" itemprop="description" content=""/> 97 98 <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"/> 99 100 101 <!-- https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup --> 102 <meta property="og:title" content="Labor Market Dualism: Syllabus"/> 103 <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> 104 <meta property="og:description" content=""/> 105 <meta property="og:image" content="https://dual-market.netlify.app/./images/berries.jpg"/> 106 <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> 107 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Labor Market Dualism"/> 108 109 <!-- https://dev.twitter.com/cards/types/summary --> 110 <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> 111 <meta property="twitter:title" content="Labor Market Dualism: Syllabus"/> 112 <meta property="twitter:description" content=""/> 113 <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://dual-market.netlify.app/./images/berries.jpg"/> 114 <meta property="twitter:site" content="@kovsiann"/> 115 <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@kovsiann"/> 116 117 <!--/radix_placeholder_meta_tags--> 118 <!--radix_placeholder_rmarkdown_metadata--> 119 120
120<script type="text/json" id="radix-rmarkdown-metadata"> 121 {"type":"list","attributes":{"names":{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["title","description","base_url","preview","twitter","output"]}},"value":[{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["Syllabus"]},{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":[""]},{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["https://dual-market.netlify.app"]},{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["images/berries.jpg"]},{"type":"list","attributes":{"names":{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["site","creator"]}},"value":[{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["@kovsiann"]},{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["@kovsiann"]}]},{"type":"list","attributes":{"names":{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["distill::distill_article"]}},"value":[{"type":"list","attributes":{"names":{"type":"character","attributes":{},"value":["toc","toc_depth"]}},"value":[{"type":"logical","attributes":{},"value":[true]},{"type":"integer","attributes":{},"value":[2]}]}]}]} 122 </script>
122 123 <!--/radix_placeholder_rmarkdown_metadata--> 124 <!--radix_placeholder_navigation_in_header--> 125 <meta name="distill:offset" content=""/> 126 127
127<script type="application/javascript"> 128 129 window.headroom_prevent_pin = false; 130 131 window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { 132 133 // initialize headroom for banner 134 var header = $('header').get(0); 135 var headerHeight = header.offsetHeight; 136 var headroom = new Headroom(header, { 137 tolerance: 5, 138 onPin : function() { 139 if (window.headroom_prevent_pin) { 140 window.headroom_prevent_pin = false; 141 headroom.unpin(); 142 } 143 } 144 }); 145 headroom.init(); 146 if(window.location.hash) 147 headroom.unpin(); 148 $(header).addClass('headroom--transition'); 149 150 // offset scroll location for banner on hash change 151 // (see: https://github.com/WickyNilliams/headroom.js/issues/38) 152 window.addEventListener("hashchange", function(event) { 153 window.scrollTo(0, window.pageYOffset - (headerHeight + 25)); 154 }); 155 156 // responsive menu 157 $('.distill-site-header').each(function(i, val) { 158 var topnav = $(this); 159 var toggle = topnav.find('.nav-toggle'); 160 toggle.on('click', function() { 161 topnav.toggleClass('responsive'); 162 }); 163 }); 164 165 // nav dropdowns 166 $('.nav-dropbtn').click(function(e) { 167 $(this).next('.nav-dropdown-content').toggleClass('nav-dropdown-active'); 168 $(this).parent().siblings('.nav-dropdown') 169 .children('.nav-dropdown-content').removeClass('nav-dropdown-active'); 170 }); 171 $("body").click(function(e){ 172 $('.nav-dropdown-content').removeClass('nav-dropdown-active'); 173 }); 174 $(".nav-dropdown").click(function(e){ 175 e.stopPropagation(); 176 }); 177 }); 178 </script>
178 179 180 <style type="text/css"> 181 182 /* Theme (user-documented overrideables for nav appearance) */ 183 184 .distill-site-nav { 185 color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); 186 background-color: #0F2E3D; 187 font-size: 15px; 188 font-weight: 300; 189 } 190 191 .distill-site-nav a { 192 color: inherit; 193 text-decoration: none; 194 } 195 196 .distill-site-nav a:hover { 197 color: white; 198 } 199 200 @media print { 201 .distill-site-nav { 202 display: none; 203 } 204 } 205 206 .distill-site-header { 207 208 } 209 210 .distill-site-footer { 211 212 } 213 214 215 /* Site Header */ 216 217 .distill-site-header { 218 width: 100%; 219 box-sizing: border-box; 220 z-index: 3; 221 } 222 223 .distill-site-header .nav-left { 224 display: inline-block; 225 margin-left: 8px; 226 } 227 228 @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { 229 .distill-site-header .nav-left { 230 margin-left: 0; 231 } 232 } 233 234 235 .distill-site-header .nav-right { 236 float: right; 237 margin-right: 8px; 238 } 239 240 .distill-site-header a, 241 .distill-site-header .title { 242 display: inline-block; 243 text-align: center; 244 padding: 14px 10px 14px 10px; 245 } 246 247 .distill-site-header .title { 248 font-size: 18px; 249 min-width: 150px; 250 } 251 252 .distill-site-header .logo { 253 padding: 0; 254 } 255 256 .distill-site-header .logo img { 257 display: none; 258 max-height: 20px; 259 width: auto; 260 margin-bottom: -4px; 261 } 262 263 .distill-site-header .nav-image img { 264 max-height: 18px; 265 width: auto; 266 display: inline-block; 267 margin-bottom: -3px; 268 } 269 270 271 272 @media screen and (min-width: 1000px) { 273 .distill-site-header .logo img { 274 display: inline-block; 275 } 276 .distill-site-header .nav-left { 277 margin-left: 20px; 278 } 279 .distill-site-header .nav-right { 280 margin-right: 20px; 281 } 282 .distill-site-header .title { 283 padding-left: 12px; 284 } 285 } 286 287 288 .distill-site-header .nav-toggle { 289 display: none; 290 } 291 292 .nav-dropdown { 293 display: inline-block; 294 position: relative; 295 } 296 297 .nav-dropdown .nav-dropbtn { 298 border: none; 299 outline: none; 300 color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); 301 padding: 16px 10px; 302 background-color: transparent; 303 font-family: inherit; 304 font-size: inherit; 305 font-weight: inherit; 306 margin: 0;
307 margin-top: 1px; 308 z-index: 2; 309 } 310 311 .nav-dropdown-content { 312 display: none; 313 position: absolute; 314 background-color: white; 315 min-width: 200px; 316 border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.15); 317 border-radius: 4px; 318 box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); 319 z-index: 1; 320 margin-top: 2px; 321 white-space: nowrap; 322 padding-top: 4px; 323 padding-bottom: 4px; 324 } 325 326 .nav-dropdown-content hr { 327 margin-top: 4px; 328 margin-bottom: 4px; 329 border: none; 330 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 331 } 332 333 .nav-dropdown-active { 334 display: block; 335 } 336 337 .nav-dropdown-content a, .nav-dropdown-content .nav-dropdown-header { 338 color: black; 339 padding: 6px 24px; 340 text-decoration: none; 341 display: block; 342 text-align: left; 343 } 344 345 .nav-dropdown-content .nav-dropdown-header { 346 display: block; 347 padding: 5px 24px; 348 padding-bottom: 0; 349 text-transform: uppercase; 350 font-size: 14px; 351 color: #999999; 352 white-space: nowrap; 353 } 354 355 .nav-dropdown:hover .nav-dropbtn { 356 color: white; 357 } 358 359 .nav-dropdown-content a:hover { 360 background-color: #ddd; 361 color: black; 362 } 363 364 .nav-right .nav-dropdown-content { 365 margin-left: -45%; 366 right: 0; 367 } 368 369 @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { 370 .distill-site-header a, .distill-site-header .nav-dropdown {display: none;} 371 .distill-site-header a.nav-toggle { 372 float: right; 373 display: block; 374 } 375 .distill-site-header .title { 376 margin-left: 0; 377 } 378 .distill-site-header .nav-right { 379 margin-right: 0; 380 } 381 .distill-site-header { 382 overflow: hidden; 383 } 384 .nav-right .nav-dropdown-content { 385 margin-left: 0; 386 } 387 } 388 389 390 @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { 391 .distill-site-header.responsive {position: relative; min-height: 500px; } 392 .distill-site-header.responsive a.nav-toggle { 393 position: absolute; 394 right: 0; 395 top: 0; 396 } 397 .distill-site-header.responsive a, 398 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-dropdown { 399 display: block; 400 text-align: left; 401 } 402 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-left, 403 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-right { 404 width: 100%; 405 } 406 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-dropdown {float: none;} 407 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-dropdown-content {position: relative;} 408 .distill-site-header.responsive .nav-dropdown .nav-dropbtn { 409 display: block; 410 width: 100%; 411 text-align: left; 412 } 413 } 414 415 /* Site Footer */ 416 417 .distill-site-footer { 418 width: 100%; 419 overflow: hidden; 420 box-sizing: border-box; 421 z-index: 3; 422 margin-top: 30px; 423 padding-top: 30px; 424 padding-bottom: 30px; 425 text-align: center; 426 } 427 428 /* Headroom */ 429 430 d-title { 431 padding-top: 6rem; 432 } 433 434 @media print { 435 d-title { 436 padding-top: 4rem; 437 } 438 } 439 440 .headroom { 441 z-index: 1000; 442 position: fixed; 443 top: 0; 444 left: 0; 445 right: 0; 446 } 447 448 .headroom--transition { 449 transition: all .4s ease-in-out; 450 } 451 452 .headroom--unpinned { 453 top: -100px; 454 } 455 456 .headroom--pinned { 457 top: 0; 458 } 459 460 /* adjust viewport for navbar height */ 461 /* helps vertically center bootstrap (non-distill) content */ 462 .min-vh-100 { 463 min-height: calc(100vh - 100px) !important; 464 } 465 466 </style> 467 468
468<script src="site_libs/jquery-3.6.0/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
468 469 <link href="site_libs/font-awesome-6.4.2/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 470 <link href="site_libs/font-awesome-6.4.2/css/v4-shims.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 471
471<script src="site_libs/headroom-0.9.4/headroom.min.js"></script>
471 472
472<script src="site_libs/autocomplete-0.37.1/autocomplete.min.js"></script>
472 473
473<script src="site_libs/fuse-6.4.1/fuse.min.js"></script>
473 474 475
475<script type="application/javascript"> 476 477 function getMeta(metaName) { 478 var metas = document.getElementsByTagName('meta'); 479 for (let i = 0; i < metas.length; i++) { 480 if (metas[i].getAttribute('name') === metaName) { 481 return metas[i].getAttribute('content'); 482 } 483 } 484 return ''; 485 } 486 487 function offsetURL(url) { 488 var offset = getMeta('distill:offset'); 489 return offset ? offset + '/' + url : url; 490 } 491 492 function createFuseIndex() { 493 494 // create fuse index 495 var options = { 496 keys: [ 497 { name: 'title', weight: 20 }, 498 { name: 'categories', weight: 15 }, 499 { name: 'description', weight: 10 }, 500 { name: 'contents', weight: 5 }, 501 ], 502 ignoreLocation: true, 503 threshold: 0 504 }; 505 var fuse = new window.Fuse([], options); 506 507 // fetch the main search.json 508 return fetch(offsetURL('search.json')) 509 .then(function(response) { 510 if (response.status == 200) { 511 return response.json().then(function(json) { 512 // index main articles 513 json.articles.forEach(function(article) { 514 fuse.add(article); 515 }); 516 // download collections and index their articles 517 return Promise.all(json.collections.map(function(collection) { 518 return fetch(offsetURL(collection)).then(function(response) { 519 if (response.status === 200) { 520 return response.json().then(function(articles) { 521 articles.forEach(function(article) { 522 fuse.add(article); 523 }); 524 }) 525 } else { 526 return Promise.reject( 527 new Error('Unexpected status from search index request: ' + 528 response.status) 529 ); 530 } 531 }); 532 })).then(function() { 533 return fuse; 534 }); 535 }); 536 537 } else { 538 return Promise.reject( 539 new Error('Unexpected status from search index request: ' + 540 response.status) 541 ); 542 } 543 }); 544 } 545 546 window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { 547 548 // get search element (bail if we don't have one) 549 var searchEl = window.document.getElementById('distill-search'); 550 if (!searchEl) 551 return; 552 553 createFuseIndex() 554 .then(function(fuse) { 555 556 // make search box visible 557 searchEl.classList.remove('hidden'); 558 559 // initialize autocomplete 560 var options = { 561 autoselect: true, 562 hint: false, 563 minLength: 2, 564 }; 565 window.autocomplete(searchEl, options, [{ 566 source: function(query, callback) { 567 const searchOptions = { 568 isCaseSensitive: false, 569 shouldSort: true, 570 minMatchCharLength: 2, 571 limit: 10, 572 }; 573 var results = fuse.search(query, searchOptions); 574 callback(results 575 .map(function(result) { return result.item; }) 576 ); 577 }, 578 templates: { 579 suggestion: function(suggestion) { 580 var img = suggestion.preview && Object.keys(suggestion.preview).length > 0 581 ? `<img src="${offsetURL(suggestion.preview)}"</img>` 582 : ''; 583 var html = ` 584 <div class="search-item"> 585 <h3>${suggestion.title}</h3> 586 <div class="search-item-description"> 587 ${suggestion.description || ''} 588 </div> 589 <div class="search-item-preview"> 590 ${img} 591 </div> 592 </div> 593 `; 594 return html; 595 } 596 } 597 }]).on('autocomplete:selected', function(event, suggestion) { 598 window.location.href = offsetURL(suggestion.path); 599 }); 600 // remove inline display style on autocompleter (we want to 601 // manage responsive display via css) 602 $('.algolia-autocomplete').css("display", ""); 603 }) 604 .catch(function(error) { 605 console.log(error); 606 }); 607 608 }); 609 610 </script>
610 611 612 <style type="text/css"> 613 614 .nav-search { 615 font-size: x-small; 616 } 617 618 /* Algolioa Autocomplete */ 619 620 .algolia-autocomplete { 621 display: inline-block; 622 margin-left: 10px; 623 vertical-align: sub; 624 background-color: white; 625 color: black; 626 padding: 6px; 627 padding-top: 8px; 628 padding-bottom: 0; 629 border-radius: 6px; 630 border: 1px #0F2E3D solid; 631 width: 180px; 632 } 633 634 635 @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { 636 .distill-site-nav .algolia-autocomplete { 637 display: none; 638 visibility: hidden; 639 } 640 .distill-site-nav.responsive .algolia-autocomplete { 641 display: inline-block; 642 visibility: visible; 643 } 644 .distill-site-nav.responsive .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu { 645 margin-left: 0; 646 width: 400px; 647 max-height: 400px; 648 } 649 } 650 651 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-input, .algolia-autocomplete .aa-hint { 652 width: 90%; 653 outline: none; 654 border: none; 655 } 656 657 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-hint { 658 color: #999; 659 } 660 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu { 661 width: 550px; 662 max-height: 70vh; 663 overflow-x: visible; 664 overflow-y: scroll; 665 padding: 5px; 666 margin-top: 3px; 667 margin-left: -150px; 668 background-color: #fff; 669 border-radius: 5px; 670 border: 1px solid #999; 671 border-top: none; 672 } 673 674 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion { 675 cursor: pointer; 676 padding: 5px 4px; 677 border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; 678 } 679 680 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion:last-of-type { 681 border-bottom: none; 682 margin-bottom: 2px; 683 } 684 685 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item { 686 overflow: hidden; 687 font-size: 0.8em; 688 line-height: 1.4em; 689 } 690 691 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item h3 { 692 font-size: 1rem; 693 margin-block-start: 0; 694 margin-block-end: 5px; 695 } 696 697 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-description { 698 display: inline-block; 699 overflow: hidden; 700 height: 2.8em; 701 width: 80%; 702 margin-right: 4%; 703 } 704 705 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-preview { 706 display: inline-block; 707 width: 15%; 708 } 709 710 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-preview img { 711 height: 3em; 712 width: auto; 713 display: none; 714 } 715 716 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-preview img[src] { 717 display: initial; 718 } 719 720 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion.aa-cursor { 721 background-color: #eee; 722 } 723 .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion em { 724 font-weight: bold; 725 font-style: normal; 726 } 727 728 </style> 729 730 731 <!--/radix_placeholder_navigation_in_header--> 732 <!--radix_placeholder_distill--> 733 734 <style type="text/css"> 735 736 body { 737 background-color: white; 738 } 739 740 .pandoc-table { 741 width: 100%; 742 } 743 744 .pandoc-table>caption { 745 margin-bottom: 10px; 746 } 747 748 .pandoc-table th:not([align]) { 749 text-align: left; 750 } 751 752 .pagedtable-footer { 753 font-size: 15px; 754 } 755 756 d-byline .byline { 757 grid-template-columns: 2fr 2fr; 758 } 759 760 d-byline .byline h3 { 761 margin-block-start: 1.5em; 762 } 763 764 d-byline .byline .authors-affiliations h3 { 765 margin-block-start: 0.5em; 766 } 767 768 .authors-affiliations .orcid-id { 769 width: 16px; 770 height:16px; 771 margin-left: 4px; 772 margin-right: 4px; 773 vertical-align: middle; 774 padding-bottom: 2px; 775 } 776 777 d-title .dt-tags { 778 margin-top: 1em; 779 grid-column: text; 780 } 781 782 .dt-tags .dt-tag { 783 text-decoration: none; 784 display: inline-block; 785 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6); 786 padding: 0em 0.4em; 787 margin-right: 0.5em; 788 margin-bottom: 0.4em; 789 font-size: 70%; 790 border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2); 791 border-radius: 3px; 792 text-transform: uppercase; 793 font-weight: 500; 794 } 795 796 d-article table.gt_table td, 797 d-article table.gt_table th { 798 border-bottom: none; 799 font-size: 100%; 800 } 801 802 .html-widget { 803 margin-bottom: 2.0em; 804 } 805 806 .l-screen-inset { 807 padding-right: 16px; 808 } 809 810 .l-screen .caption { 811 margin-left: 10px; 812 } 813 814 .shaded { 815 background: rgb(247, 247, 247); 816 padding-top: 20px; 817 padding-bottom: 20px; 818 border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 819 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 820 } 821 822 .shaded .html-widget { 823 margin-bottom: 0; 824 border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 825 } 826 827 .shaded .shaded-content { 828 background: white; 829 } 830 831 .text-output { 832 margin-top: 0; 833 line-height: 1.5em; 834 } 835 836 .hidden { 837 display: none !important; 838 } 839 840 hr.section-separator { 841 border: none; 842 border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 843 margin: 0px; 844 } 845 846 847 d-byline { 848 border-top: none; 849 } 850 851 d-article { 852 padding-top: 2.5rem; 853 padding-bottom: 30px; 854 border-top: none; 855 } 856 857 d-appendix { 858 padding-top: 30px; 859 } 860 861 d-article>p>img { 862 width: 100%; 863 } 864 865 d-article h2 { 866 margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem 0; 867 } 868 869 d-article h3 { 870 margin-top: 1.5rem; 871 } 872 873 d-article iframe { 874 border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 875 margin-bottom: 2.0em; 876 width: 100%; 877 } 878 879 /* Tweak code blocks */ 880 881 d-article div.sourceCode code, 882 d-article pre code {
883 font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace; 884 } 885 886 d-article pre, 887 d-article div.sourceCode, 888 d-article div.sourceCode pre { 889 overflow: auto; 890 } 891 892 d-article div.sourceCode { 893 background-color: white; 894 } 895 896 d-article div.sourceCode pre { 897 padding-left: 10px; 898 font-size: 12px; 899 border-left: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1); 900 } 901 902 d-article pre { 903 font-size: 12px; 904 color: black; 905 background: none; 906 margin-top: 0; 907 text-align: left; 908 white-space: pre; 909 word-spacing: normal; 910 word-break: normal; 911 word-wrap: normal; 912 line-height: 1.5; 913 914 -moz-tab-size: 4; 915 -o-tab-size: 4; 916 tab-size: 4; 917 918 -webkit-hyphens: none; 919 -moz-hyphens: none; 920 -ms-hyphens: none; 921 hyphens: none; 922 } 923 924 d-article pre a { 925 border-bottom: none; 926 } 927 928 d-article pre a:hover { 929 border-bottom: none; 930 text-decoration: underline; 931 } 932 933 d-article details { 934 grid-column: text; 935 margin-bottom: 0.8em; 936 } 937 938 @media(min-width: 768px) { 939 940 d-article pre, 941 d-article div.sourceCode, 942 d-article div.sourceCode pre { 943 overflow: visible !important; 944 } 945 946 d-article div.sourceCode pre { 947 padding-left: 18px; 948 font-size: 14px; 949 } 950 951 /* tweak for Pandoc numbered line within distill */ 952 d-article pre.numberSource code > span { 953 left: -2em; 954 } 955 956 d-article pre { 957 font-size: 14px; 958 } 959 960 } 961 962 figure img.external { 963 background: white; 964 border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 965 box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 966 padding: 18px; 967 box-sizing: border-box; 968 } 969 970 /* CSS for d-contents */ 971 972 .d-contents { 973 grid-column: text; 974 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); 975 font-size: 0.9em; 976 padding-bottom: 1em; 977 margin-bottom: 1em; 978 padding-bottom: 0.5em; 979 margin-bottom: 1em; 980 padding-left: 0.25em; 981 justify-self: start; 982 } 983 984 @media(min-width: 1000px) { 985 .d-contents.d-contents-float { 986 height: 0; 987 grid-column-start: 1; 988 grid-column-end: 4; 989 justify-self: center; 990 padding-right: 3em; 991 padding-left: 2em; 992 } 993 } 994 995 .d-contents nav h3 { 996 font-size: 18px; 997 margin-top: 0; 998 margin-bottom: 1em; 999 } 1000 1001 .d-contents li { 1002 list-style-type: none 1003 } 1004 1005 .d-contents nav > ul { 1006 padding-left: 0; 1007 } 1008 1009 .d-contents ul { 1010 padding-left: 1em 1011 } 1012 1013 .d-contents nav ul li { 1014 margin-top: 0.6em; 1015 margin-bottom: 0.2em; 1016 } 1017 1018 .d-contents nav a { 1019 font-size: 13px; 1020 border-bottom: none; 1021 text-decoration: none 1022 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); 1023 } 1024 1025 .d-contents nav a:hover { 1026 text-decoration: underline solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 1027 } 1028 1029 .d-contents nav > ul > li > a { 1030 font-weight: 600; 1031 } 1032 1033 .d-contents nav > ul > li > ul { 1034 font-weight: inherit; 1035 } 1036 1037 .d-contents nav > ul > li > ul > li { 1038 margin-top: 0.2em; 1039 } 1040 1041 1042 .d-contents nav ul { 1043 margin-top: 0; 1044 margin-bottom: 0.25em; 1045 } 1046 1047 .d-article-with-toc h2:nth-child(2) { 1048 margin-top: 0; 1049 } 1050 1051 1052 /* Figure */ 1053 1054 .figure { 1055 position: relative; 1056 margin-bottom: 2.5em; 1057 margin-top: 1.5em; 1058 } 1059 1060 .figure .caption { 1061 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); 1062 font-size: 12px; 1063 line-height: 1.5em; 1064 } 1065 1066 .figure img.external { 1067 background: white; 1068 border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1069 box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1070 padding: 18px; 1071 box-sizing: border-box; 1072 } 1073 1074 .figure .caption a { 1075 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); 1076 } 1077 1078 .figure .caption b, 1079 .figure .caption strong, { 1080 font-weight: 600; 1081 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0); 1082 } 1083 1084 /* Citations */ 1085 1086 d-article .citation { 1087 color: inherit; 1088 cursor: inherit; 1089 } 1090 1091 div.hanging-indent{ 1092 margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; 1093 } 1094 1095 /* Citation hover box */ 1096 1097 .tippy-box[data-theme~=light-border] { 1098 background-color: rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.95); 1099 } 1100 1101 .tippy-content > p { 1102 margin-bottom: 0; 1103 padding: 2px; 1104 } 1105 1106 1107 /* Tweak 1000px media break to show more text */ 1108 1109 @media(min-width: 1000px) { 1110 .base-grid, 1111 distill-header, 1112 d-title, 1113 d-abstract, 1114 d-article, 1115 d-appendix, 1116 distill-appendix, 1117 d-byline, 1118 d-footnote-list, 1119 d-citation-list, 1120 distill-footer { 1121 grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 80px [middle-start] 50px [text-start kicker-end] 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px [text-end gutter-start] 65px [middle-end] 65px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end]; 1122 grid-column-gap: 16px; 1123 } 1124 1125 .grid { 1126 grid-column-gap: 16px; 1127 } 1128 1129 d-article { 1130 font-size: 1.06rem; 1131 line-height: 1.7em; 1132 } 1133 figure .caption, .figure .caption, figure figcaption { 1134 font-size: 13px; 1135 } 1136 } 1137 1138 @media(min-width: 1180px) { 1139 .base-grid, 1140 distill-header, 1141 d-title, 1142 d-abstract, 1143 d-article, 1144 d-appendix, 1145 distill-appendix, 1146 d-byline, 1147 d-footnote-list, 1148 d-citation-list, 1149 distill-footer { 1150 grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 60px [middle-start] 60px [text-start kicker-end] 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px [text-end gutter-start] 60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end]; 1151 grid-column-gap: 32px; 1152 } 1153 1154 .grid { 1155 grid-column-gap: 32px; 1156 } 1157 } 1158 1159 1160 /* Get the citation styles for the appendix (not auto-injected on render since 1161 we do our own rendering of the citation appendix) */ 1162 1163 d-appendix .citation-appendix, 1164 .d-appendix .citation-appendix { 1165 font-size: 11px; 1166 line-height: 15px; 1167 border-left: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1168 padding-left: 18px; 1169 border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1); 1170 background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02); 1171 padding: 10px 18px; 1172 border-radius: 3px; 1173 color: rgba(150, 150, 150, 1); 1174 overflow: hidden; 1175 margin-top: -12px; 1176 white-space: pre-wrap; 1177 word-wrap: break-word; 1178 } 1179 1180 /* Include appendix styles here so they can be overridden */ 1181 1182 d-appendix { 1183 contain: layout style; 1184 font-size: 0.8em; 1185 line-height: 1.7em; 1186 margin-top: 60px; 1187 margin-bottom: 0; 1188 border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1189 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); 1190 padding-top: 60px; 1191 padding-bottom: 48px; 1192 } 1193 1194 d-appendix h3 { 1195 grid-column: page-start / text-start; 1196 font-size: 15px; 1197 font-weight: 500; 1198 margin-top: 1em; 1199 margin-bottom: 0; 1200 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.65); 1201 } 1202 1203 d-appendix h3 + * { 1204 margin-top: 1em; 1205 } 1206 1207 d-appendix ol { 1208 padding: 0 0 0 15px; 1209 } 1210 1211 @media (min-width: 768px) { 1212 d-appendix ol { 1213 padding: 0 0 0 30px; 1214 margin-left: -30px; 1215 } 1216 } 1217 1218 d-appendix li { 1219 margin-bottom: 1em; 1220 } 1221 1222 d-appendix a { 1223 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); 1224 } 1225 1226 d-appendix > * { 1227 grid-column: text; 1228 } 1229 1230 d-appendix > d-footnote-list, 1231 d-appendix > d-citation-list, 1232 d-appendix > distill-appendix { 1233 grid-column: screen; 1234 } 1235 1236 /* Include footnote styles here so they can be overridden */ 1237 1238 d-footnote-list { 1239 contain: layout style; 1240 } 1241 1242 d-footnote-list > * { 1243 grid-column: text; 1244 } 1245
1246 d-footnote-list a.footnote-backlink { 1247 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); 1248 padding-left: 0.5em; 1249 } 1250 1251 1252 1253 /* Anchor.js */ 1254 1255 .anchorjs-link { 1256 /*transition: all .25s linear; */ 1257 text-decoration: none; 1258 border-bottom: none; 1259 } 1260 *:hover > .anchorjs-link { 1261 margin-left: -1.125em !important; 1262 text-decoration: none; 1263 border-bottom: none; 1264 } 1265 1266 /* Social footer */ 1267 1268 .social_footer { 1269 margin-top: 30px; 1270 margin-bottom: 0; 1271 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.67); 1272 } 1273 1274 .disqus-comments { 1275 margin-right: 30px; 1276 } 1277 1278 .disqus-comment-count { 1279 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); 1280 cursor: pointer; 1281 } 1282 1283 #disqus_thread { 1284 margin-top: 30px; 1285 } 1286 1287 .article-sharing a { 1288 border-bottom: none; 1289 margin-right: 8px; 1290 } 1291 1292 .article-sharing a:hover { 1293 border-bottom: none; 1294 } 1295 1296 .sidebar-section.subscribe { 1297 font-size: 12px; 1298 line-height: 1.6em; 1299 } 1300 1301 .subscribe p { 1302 margin-bottom: 0.5em; 1303 } 1304 1305 1306 .article-footer .subscribe { 1307 font-size: 15px; 1308 margin-top: 45px; 1309 } 1310 1311 1312 .sidebar-section.custom { 1313 font-size: 12px; 1314 line-height: 1.6em; 1315 } 1316 1317 .custom p { 1318 margin-bottom: 0.5em; 1319 } 1320 1321 /* Styles for listing layout (hide title) */ 1322 .layout-listing d-title, .layout-listing .d-title { 1323 display: none; 1324 } 1325 1326 /* Styles for posts lists (not auto-injected) */ 1327 1328 1329 .posts-with-sidebar { 1330 padding-left: 45px; 1331 padding-right: 45px; 1332 } 1333 1334 .posts-list .description h2, 1335 .posts-list .description p { 1336 font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; 1337 } 1338 1339 .posts-list .description h2 { 1340 font-weight: 700; 1341 border-bottom: none; 1342 padding-bottom: 0; 1343 } 1344 1345 .posts-list h2.post-tag { 1346 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); 1347 padding-bottom: 12px; 1348 } 1349 .posts-list { 1350 margin-top: 60px; 1351 margin-bottom: 24px; 1352 } 1353 1354 .posts-list .post-preview { 1355 text-decoration: none; 1356 overflow: hidden; 1357 display: block; 1358 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1359 padding: 24px 0; 1360 } 1361 1362 .post-preview-last { 1363 border-bottom: none !important; 1364 } 1365 1366 .posts-list .posts-list-caption { 1367 grid-column: screen; 1368 font-weight: 400; 1369 } 1370 1371 .posts-list .post-preview h2 { 1372 margin: 0 0 6px 0; 1373 line-height: 1.2em; 1374 font-style: normal; 1375 font-size: 24px; 1376 } 1377 1378 .posts-list .post-preview p { 1379 margin: 0 0 12px 0; 1380 line-height: 1.4em; 1381 font-size: 16px; 1382 } 1383 1384 .posts-list .post-preview .thumbnail { 1385 box-sizing: border-box; 1386 margin-bottom: 24px; 1387 position: relative; 1388 max-width: 500px; 1389 } 1390 .posts-list .post-preview img { 1391 width: 100%; 1392 display: block; 1393 } 1394 1395 .posts-list .metadata { 1396 font-size: 12px; 1397 line-height: 1.4em; 1398 margin-bottom: 18px; 1399 } 1400 1401 .posts-list .metadata > * { 1402 display: inline-block; 1403 } 1404 1405 .posts-list .metadata .publishedDate { 1406 margin-right: 2em; 1407 } 1408 1409 .posts-list .metadata .dt-authors { 1410 display: block; 1411 margin-top: 0.3em; 1412 margin-right: 2em; 1413 } 1414 1415 .posts-list .dt-tags { 1416 display: block; 1417 line-height: 1em; 1418 } 1419 1420 .posts-list .dt-tags .dt-tag { 1421 display: inline-block; 1422 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6); 1423 padding: 0.3em 0.4em; 1424 margin-right: 0.2em; 1425 margin-bottom: 0.4em; 1426 font-size: 60%; 1427 border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2); 1428 border-radius: 3px; 1429 text-transform: uppercase; 1430 font-weight: 500; 1431 } 1432 1433 .posts-list img { 1434 opacity: 1; 1435 } 1436 1437 .posts-list img[data-src] { 1438 opacity: 0; 1439 } 1440 1441 .posts-more { 1442 clear: both; 1443 } 1444 1445 1446 .posts-sidebar { 1447 font-size: 16px; 1448 } 1449 1450 .posts-sidebar h3 { 1451 font-size: 16px; 1452 margin-top: 0; 1453 margin-bottom: 0.5em; 1454 font-weight: 400; 1455 text-transform: uppercase; 1456 } 1457 1458 .sidebar-section { 1459 margin-bottom: 30px; 1460 } 1461 1462 .categories ul { 1463 list-style-type: none; 1464 margin: 0; 1465 padding: 0; 1466 } 1467 1468 .categories li { 1469 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); 1470 margin-bottom: 0; 1471 } 1472 1473 .categories li>a { 1474 border-bottom: none; 1475 } 1476 1477 .categories li>a:hover { 1478 border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); 1479 } 1480 1481 .categories .active { 1482 font-weight: 600; 1483 } 1484 1485 .categories .category-count { 1486 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); 1487 } 1488 1489 1490 @media(min-width: 768px) { 1491 .posts-list .post-preview h2 { 1492 font-size: 26px; 1493 } 1494 .posts-list .post-preview .thumbnail { 1495 float: right; 1496 width: 30%; 1497 margin-bottom: 0; 1498 } 1499 .posts-list .post-preview .description { 1500 float: left; 1501 width: 45%; 1502 } 1503 .posts-list .post-preview .metadata { 1504 float: left; 1505 width: 20%; 1506 margin-top: 8px; 1507 } 1508 .posts-list .post-preview p { 1509 margin: 0 0 12px 0; 1510 line-height: 1.5em; 1511 font-size: 16px; 1512 } 1513 .posts-with-sidebar .posts-list { 1514 float: left; 1515 width: 75%; 1516 } 1517 .posts-with-sidebar .posts-sidebar { 1518 float: right; 1519 width: 20%; 1520 margin-top: 60px; 1521 padding-top: 24px; 1522 padding-bottom: 24px; 1523 } 1524 } 1525 1526 1527 /* Improve display for browsers without grid (IE/Edge <= 15) */ 1528 1529 .downlevel { 1530 line-height: 1.6em; 1531 font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; 1532 margin: 0; 1533 } 1534 1535 .downlevel .d-title { 1536 padding-top: 6rem; 1537 padding-bottom: 1.5rem; 1538 } 1539 1540 .downlevel .d-title h1 { 1541 font-size: 50px; 1542 font-weight: 700; 1543 line-height: 1.1em; 1544 margin: 0 0 0.5rem; 1545 } 1546 1547 .downlevel .d-title p { 1548 font-weight: 300; 1549 font-size: 1.2rem; 1550 line-height: 1.55em; 1551 margin-top: 0; 1552 } 1553 1554 .downlevel .d-byline { 1555 padding-top: 0.8em; 1556 padding-bottom: 0.8em; 1557 font-size: 0.8rem; 1558 line-height: 1.8em; 1559 } 1560 1561 .downlevel .section-separator { 1562 border: none; 1563 border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); 1564 } 1565 1566 .downlevel .d-article { 1567 font-size: 1.06rem; 1568 line-height: 1.7em; 1569 padding-top: 1rem; 1570 padding-bottom: 2rem; 1571 } 1572 1573 1574 .downlevel .d-appendix { 1575 padding-left: 0; 1576 padding-right: 0; 1577 max-width: none; 1578 font-size: 0.8em; 1579 line-height: 1.7em; 1580 margin-bottom: 0; 1581 color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); 1582 padding-top: 40px; 1583 padding-bottom: 48px; 1584 } 1585 1586 .downlevel .footnotes ol { 1587 padding-left: 13px; 1588 } 1589 1590 .downlevel .base-grid, 1591 .downlevel .distill-header, 1592 .downlevel .d-title, 1593 .downlevel .d-abstract, 1594 .downlevel .d-article, 1595 .downlevel .d-appendix, 1596 .downlevel .distill-appendix, 1597 .downlevel .d-byline, 1598 .downlevel .d-footnote-list, 1599 .downlevel .d-citation-list, 1600 .downlevel .distill-footer, 1601 .downlevel .appendix-bottom, 1602 .downlevel .posts-container { 1603 padding-left: 40px; 1604 padding-right: 40px; 1605 } 1606 1607 @media(min-width: 768px) { 1608 .downlevel .base-grid, 1609 .downlevel .distill-header, 1610 .downlevel .d-title, 1611 .downlevel .d-abstract, 1612 .downlevel .d-article, 1613 .downlevel .d-appendix, 1614 .downlevel .distill-appendix, 1615 .downlevel .d-byline, 1616 .downlevel .d-footnote-list, 1617 .downlevel .d-citation-list, 1618 .downlevel .distill-footer, 1619 .downlevel .appendix-bottom, 1620 .downlevel .posts-container { 1621 padding-left: 150px; 1622 padding-right: 150px; 1623 max-width: 900px; 1624 } 1625 } 1626 1627 .downlevel pre code { 1628 display: block; 1629 border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); 1630 padding: 0 0 0 20px; 1631 font-size: 14px; 1632 } 1633 1634 .downlevel code, .downlevel pre { 1635 color: black; 1636 background: none;
1637 font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace; 1638 text-align: left; 1639 white-space: pre; 1640 word-spacing: normal; 1641 word-break: normal; 1642 word-wrap: normal; 1643 line-height: 1.5; 1644 1645 -moz-tab-size: 4; 1646 -o-tab-size: 4; 1647 tab-size: 4; 1648 1649 -webkit-hyphens: none; 1650 -moz-hyphens: none; 1651 -ms-hyphens: none; 1652 hyphens: none; 1653 } 1654 1655 .downlevel .posts-list .post-preview { 1656 color: inherit; 1657 } 1658 1659 1660 1661 </style> 1662 1663
1663<script type="application/javascript"> 1664 1665 function is_downlevel_browser() { 1666 if (bowser.isUnsupportedBrowser({ msie: "12", msedge: "16"}, 1667 window.navigator.userAgent)) { 1668 return true; 1669 } else { 1670 return window.load_distill_framework === undefined; 1671 } 1672 } 1673 1674 // show body when load is complete 1675 function on_load_complete() { 1676 1677 // add anchors 1678 if (window.anchors) { 1679 window.anchors.options.placement = 'left'; 1680 window.anchors.add('d-article > h2, d-article > h3, d-article > h4, d-article > h5'); 1681 } 1682 1683 1684 // set body to visible 1685 document.body.style.visibility = 'visible'; 1686 1687 // force redraw for leaflet widgets 1688 if (window.HTMLWidgets) { 1689 var maps = window.HTMLWidgets.findAll(".leaflet"); 1690 $.each(maps, function(i, el) { 1691 var map = this.getMap(); 1692 map.invalidateSize(); 1693 map.eachLayer(function(layer) { 1694 if (layer instanceof L.TileLayer) 1695 layer.redraw(); 1696 }); 1697 }); 1698 } 1699 1700 // trigger 'shown' so htmlwidgets resize 1701 $('d-article').trigger('shown'); 1702 } 1703 1704 function init_distill() { 1705 1706 init_common(); 1707 1708 // create front matter 1709 var front_matter = $('<d-front-matter></d-front-matter>'); 1710 $('#distill-front-matter').wrap(front_matter); 1711 1712 // create d-title 1713 $('.d-title').changeElementType('d-title'); 1714 1715 // separator 1716 var separator = '<hr class="section-separator" style="clear: both"/>'; 1717 // prepend separator above appendix 1718 $('.d-byline').before(separator); 1719 $('.d-article').before(separator); 1720 1721 // create d-byline 1722 var byline = $('<d-byline></d-byline>'); 1723 $('.d-byline').replaceWith(byline); 1724 1725 // create d-article 1726 var article = $('<d-article></d-article>'); 1727 $('.d-article').wrap(article).children().unwrap(); 1728 1729 // move posts container into article 1730 $('.posts-container').appendTo($('d-article')); 1731 1732 // create d-appendix 1733 $('.d-appendix').changeElementType('d-appendix'); 1734 1735 // flag indicating that we have appendix items 1736 var appendix = $('.appendix-bottom').children('h3').length > 0; 1737 1738 // replace footnotes with <d-footnote> 1739 $('.footnote-ref').each(function(i, val) { 1740 appendix = true; 1741 var href = $(this).attr('href'); 1742 var id = href.replace('#', ''); 1743 var fn = $('#' + id); 1744 var fn_p = $('#' + id + '>p'); 1745 fn_p.find('.footnote-back').remove(); 1746 var text = fn_p.html(); 1747 var dtfn = $('<d-footnote></d-footnote>'); 1748 dtfn.html(text); 1749 $(this).replaceWith(dtfn); 1750 }); 1751 // remove footnotes 1752 $('.footnotes').remove(); 1753 1754 // move refs into #references-listing 1755 $('#references-listing').replaceWith($('#refs')); 1756 1757 $('h1.appendix, h2.appendix').each(function(i, val) { 1758 $(this).changeElementType('h3'); 1759 }); 1760 $('h3.appendix').each(function(i, val) { 1761 var id = $(this).attr('id'); 1762 $('.d-contents a[href="#' + id + '"]').parent().remove(); 1763 appendix = true; 1764 $(this).nextUntil($('h1, h2, h3')).addBack().appendTo($('d-appendix')); 1765 }); 1766 1767 // show d-appendix if we have appendix content 1768 $("d-appendix").css('display', appendix ? 'grid' : 'none'); 1769 1770 // localize layout chunks to just output 1771 $('.layout-chunk').each(function(i, val) { 1772 1773 // capture layout 1774 var layout = $(this).attr('data-layout'); 1775 1776 // apply layout to markdown level block elements 1777 var elements = $(this).children().not('details, div.sourceCode, pre, script'); 1778 elements.each(function(i, el) { 1779 var layout_div = $('<div class="' + layout + '"></div>'); 1780 if (layout_div.hasClass('shaded')) { 1781 var shaded_content = $('<div class="shaded-content"></div>'); 1782 $(this).wrap(shaded_content); 1783 $(this).parent().wrap(layout_div); 1784 } else { 1785 $(this).wrap(layout_div); 1786 } 1787 }); 1788 1789 1790 // unwrap the layout-chunk div 1791 $(this).children().unwrap(); 1792 }); 1793 1794 // remove code block used to force highlighting css 1795 $('.distill-force-highlighting-css').parent().remove(); 1796 1797 // remove empty line numbers inserted by pandoc when using a 1798 // custom syntax highlighting theme, except when numbering line 1799 // in code chunk 1800 $('pre:not(.numberLines) code.sourceCode a:empty').remove(); 1801 1802 // load distill framework 1803 load_distill_framework(); 1804 1805 // wait for window.distillRunlevel == 4 to do post processing 1806 function distill_post_process() { 1807 1808 if (!window.distillRunlevel || window.distillRunlevel < 4) 1809 return; 1810 1811 // hide author/affiliations entirely if we have no authors 1812 var front_matter = JSON.parse($("#distill-front-matter").html()); 1813 var have_authors = front_matter.authors && front_matter.authors.length > 0; 1814 if (!have_authors) 1815 $('d-byline').addClass('hidden'); 1816 1817 // article with toc class 1818 $('.d-contents').parent().addClass('d-article-with-toc'); 1819 1820 // strip links that point to # 1821 $('.authors-affiliations').find('a[href="#"]').removeAttr('href'); 1822 1823 // add orcid ids 1824 $('.authors-affiliations').find('.author').each(function(i, el) {
1825 var orcid_id = front_matter.authors[i].orcidID; 1826 var author_name = front_matter.authors[i].author 1827 if (orcid_id) { 1828 var a = $('<a></a>'); 1829 a.attr('href', 'https://orcid.org/' + orcid_id); 1830 var img = $('<img></img>'); 1831 img.addClass('orcid-id'); 1832 img.attr('alt', author_name ? 'ORCID ID for ' + author_name : 'ORCID ID'); 1833 img.attr('src','data:image/png;base64,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'); 1834 a.append(img); 1835 $(this).append(a); 1836 } 1837 }); 1838 1839 // hide elements of author/affiliations grid that have no value 1840 function hide_byline_column(caption) { 1841 $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("' + caption + '")').parent().css('visibility', 'hidden'); 1842 } 1843 1844 // affiliations 1845 var have_affiliations = false; 1846 for (var i = 0; i<front_matter.authors.length; ++i) { 1847 var author = front_matter.authors[i]; 1848 if (author.affiliation !== " ") { 1849 have_affiliations = true; 1850 break; 1851 } 1852 } 1853 if (!have_affiliations) 1854 $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("Affiliations")').css('visibility', 'hidden'); 1855 1856 // published date 1857 if (!front_matter.publishedDate) 1858 hide_byline_column("Published"); 1859 1860 // document object identifier 1861 var doi = $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("DOI")'); 1862 var doi_p = doi.next().empty(); 1863 if (!front_matter.doi) { 1864 // if we have a citation and valid citationText then link to that 1865 if ($('#citation').length > 0 && front_matter.citationText) { 1866 doi.html('Citation'); 1867 $('<a href="#citation"></a>') 1868 .text(front_matter.citationText) 1869 .appendTo(doi_p); 1870 } else { 1871 hide_byline_column("DOI"); 1872 } 1873 } else { 1874 $('<a></a>') 1875 .attr('href', "https://doi.org/" + front_matter.doi) 1876 .html(front_matter.doi) 1877 .appendTo(doi_p); 1878 } 1879 1880 // change plural form of authors/affiliations 1881 if (front_matter.authors.length === 1) { 1882 var grid = $('.authors-affiliations'); 1883 grid.children('h3:contains("Authors")').text('Author'); 1884 grid.children('h3:contains("Affiliations")').text('Affiliation'); 1885 } 1886 1887 // remove d-appendix and d-footnote-list local styles 1888 $('d-appendix > style:first-child').remove(); 1889 $('d-footnote-list > style:first-child').remove(); 1890 1891 // move appendix-bottom entries to the bottom 1892 $('.appendix-bottom').appendTo('d-appendix').children().unwrap(); 1893 $('.appendix-bottom').remove(); 1894 1895 // hoverable references 1896 $('span.citation[data-cites]').each(function() { 1897 const citeChild = $(this).children()[0]
1898 // Do not process if @xyz has been used without escaping and without bibliography activated 1899 // https://github.com/rstudio/distill/issues/466 1900 if (citeChild === undefined) return true 1901 1902 if (citeChild.nodeName == "D-FOOTNOTE") { 1903 var fn = citeChild 1904 $(this).html(fn.shadowRoot.querySelector("sup")) 1905 $(this).id = fn.id 1906 fn.remove() 1907 } 1908 var refs = $(this).attr('data-cites').split(" "); 1909 var refHtml = refs.map(function(ref) { 1910 // Could use CSS.escape too here, we insure backward compatibility in navigator 1911 return "<p>" + $('div[id="ref-' + ref + '"]').html() + "</p>"; 1912 }).join("\n"); 1913 window.tippy(this, { 1914 allowHTML: true, 1915 content: refHtml, 1916 maxWidth: 500, 1917 interactive: true, 1918 interactiveBorder: 10, 1919 theme: 'light-border', 1920 placement: 'bottom-start' 1921 }); 1922 }); 1923 1924 // fix footnotes in tables (#411) 1925 // replacing broken distill.pub feature 1926 $('table d-footnote').each(function() { 1927 // we replace internal showAtNode methode which is triggered when hovering a footnote 1928 this.hoverBox.showAtNode = function(node) { 1929 // ported from https://github.com/distillpub/template/pull/105/files 1930 calcOffset = function(elem) { 1931 let x = elem.offsetLeft; 1932 let y = elem.offsetTop; 1933 // Traverse upwards until an `absolute` element is found or `elem` 1934 // becomes null. 1935 while (elem = elem.offsetParent && elem.style.position != 'absolute') { 1936 x += elem.offsetLeft; 1937 y += elem.offsetTop; 1938 } 1939 1940 return { left: x, top: y }; 1941 } 1942 // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/offsetTop 1943 const bbox = node.getBoundingClientRect(); 1944 const offset = calcOffset(node); 1945 this.show([offset.left + bbox.width, offset.top + bbox.height]); 1946 } 1947 }) 1948 1949 // clear polling timer 1950 clearInterval(tid); 1951 1952 // show body now that everything is ready 1953 on_load_complete(); 1954 } 1955 1956 var tid = setInterval(distill_post_process, 50); 1957 distill_post_process(); 1958 1959 } 1960 1961 function init_downlevel() { 1962 1963 init_common(); 1964 1965 // insert hr after d-title 1966 $('.d-title').after($('<hr class="section-separator"/>')); 1967 1968 // check if we have authors 1969 var front_matter = JSON.parse($("#distill-front-matter").html()); 1970 var have_authors = front_matter.authors && front_matter.authors.length > 0; 1971
1972 // manage byline/border 1973 if (!have_authors) 1974 $('.d-byline').remove(); 1975 $('.d-byline').after($('<hr class="section-separator"/>')); 1976 $('.d-byline a').remove(); 1977 1978 // remove toc 1979 $('.d-contents').remove(); 1980 1981 // move appendix elements 1982 $('h1.appendix, h2.appendix').each(function(i, val) { 1983 $(this).changeElementType('h3'); 1984 }); 1985 $('h3.appendix').each(function(i, val) { 1986 $(this).nextUntil($('h1, h2, h3')).addBack().appendTo($('.d-appendix')); 1987 }); 1988 1989 1990 // inject headers into references and footnotes 1991 var refs_header = $('<h3></h3>'); 1992 refs_header.text('References'); 1993 $('#refs').prepend(refs_header); 1994 1995 var footnotes_header = $('<h3></h3'); 1996 footnotes_header.text('Footnotes'); 1997 $('.footnotes').children('hr').first().replaceWith(footnotes_header); 1998 1999 // move appendix-bottom entries to the bottom 2000 $('.appendix-bottom').appendTo('.d-appendix').children().unwrap(); 2001 $('.appendix-bottom').remove(); 2002 2003 // remove appendix if it's empty 2004 if ($('.d-appendix').children().length === 0) 2005 $('.d-appendix').remove(); 2006 2007 // prepend separator above appendix 2008 $('.d-appendix').before($('<hr class="section-separator" style="clear: both"/>')); 2009 2010 // trim code 2011 $('pre>code').each(function(i, val) { 2012 $(this).html($.trim($(this).html())); 2013 }); 2014 2015 // move posts-container right before article 2016 $('.posts-container').insertBefore($('.d-article')); 2017 2018 $('body').addClass('downlevel'); 2019 2020 on_load_complete(); 2021 } 2022 2023 2024 function init_common() { 2025 2026 // jquery plugin to change element types 2027 (function($) { 2028 $.fn.changeElementType = function(newType) { 2029 var attrs = {}; 2030 2031 $.each(this[0].attributes, function(idx, attr) { 2032 attrs[attr.nodeName] = attr.nodeValue; 2033 }); 2034 2035 this.replaceWith(function() { 2036 return $("<" + newType + "/>", attrs).append($(this).contents()); 2037 }); 2038 }; 2039 })(jQuery); 2040 2041 // prevent underline for linked images 2042 $('a > img').parent().css({'border-bottom' : 'none'}); 2043 2044 // mark non-body figures created by knitr chunks as 100% width 2045 $('.layout-chunk').each(function(i, val) { 2046 var figures = $(this).find('img, .html-widget'); 2047 // ignore leaflet img layers (#106) 2048 figures = figures.filter(':not(img[class*="leaflet"])') 2049 if ($(this).attr('data-layout') !== "l-body") { 2050 figures.css('width', '100%'); 2051 } else { 2052 figures.css('max-width', '100%'); 2053 figures.filter("[width]").each(function(i, val) { 2054 var fig = $(this); 2055 fig.css('width', fig.attr('width') + 'px'); 2056 }); 2057 2058 } 2059 }); 2060 2061 // auto-append index.html to post-preview links in file: protocol 2062 // and in rstudio ide preview 2063 $('.post-preview').each(function(i, val) { 2064 if (window.location.protocol === "file:") 2065 $(this).attr('href', $(this).attr('href') + "index.html"); 2066 }); 2067 2068 // get rid of index.html references in header 2069 if (window.location.protocol !== "file:") { 2070 $('.distill-site-header a[href]').each(function(i,val) { 2071 $(this).attr('href', $(this).attr('href').replace(/^index[.]html/, "./")); 2072 }); 2073 } 2074 2075 // add class to pandoc style tables 2076 $('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('pandoc-table'); 2077 $('.kable-table').children('table').addClass('pandoc-table'); 2078 2079 // add figcaption style to table captions 2080 $('caption').parent('table').addClass("figcaption"); 2081 2082 // initialize posts list 2083 if (window.init_posts_list) 2084 window.init_posts_list(); 2085 2086 // implmement disqus comment link 2087 $('.disqus-comment-count').click(function() { 2088 window.headroom_prevent_pin = true; 2089 $('#disqus_thread').toggleClass('hidden'); 2090 if (!$('#disqus_thread').hasClass('hidden')) { 2091 var offset = $(this).offset(); 2092 $(window).resize(); 2093 $('html, body').animate({ 2094 scrollTop: offset.top - 35 2095 }); 2096 } 2097 }); 2098 } 2099 2100 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { 2101 if (is_downlevel_browser()) 2102 init_downlevel(); 2103 else 2104 window.addEventListener('WebComponentsReady', init_distill); 2105 }); 2106 2107 </script>
2107 2108 2109 <!--/radix_placeholder_distill--> 2110
2110<script src="site_libs/header-attrs-2.27/header-attrs.js"></script>
2110 2111
2111<script src="site_libs/popper-2.6.0/popper.min.js"></script>
2111 2112 <link href="site_libs/tippy-6.2.7/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 2113 <link href="site_libs/tippy-6.2.7/tippy-light-border.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 2114
2114<script src="site_libs/tippy-6.2.7/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
2114 2115
2115<script src="site_libs/anchor-4.2.2/anchor.min.js"></script>
2115 2116
2116<script src="site_libs/bowser-1.9.3/bowser.min.js"></script>
2116 2117
2117<script src="site_libs/webcomponents-2.0.0/webcomponents.js"></script>
2117 2118
2118<script src="site_libs/distill-2.2.21/template.v2.js"></script>
2118 2119 <!--radix_placeholder_site_in_header-->
vendor: 115 bytes, lines 2119-2120
2119 2120 <script type="text/javascript" cookie-consent="tracking" async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
2120G-PNBY03CMKW
vendor: 14 bytes, lines 2120-2121
2120"></script> 2121
2121<script type="text/javascript" cookie-consent="tracking"> 2122
vendor: 133 bytes, lines 2122-2125
2122window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 2123 function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 2124 gtag('js', new Date()); 2125 gtag('config', '
2125G-PNBY03CMKW
vendor: 6 bytes, lines 2125-2126
2125'); 2126
2126</script>
2126 2127 <!--/radix_placeholder_site_in_header--> 2128 2129 2130</head> 2131 2132<body> 2133 2134<!--radix_placeholder_front_matter--> 2135
2136<script id="distill-front-matter" type="text/json"> 2137{"title":"Syllabus","description":"","authors":[]} 2138</script>
2138 2139 2140<!--/radix_placeholder_front_matter--> 2141<!--radix_placeholder_navigation_before_body--> 2142<header class="header header--fixed" role="banner"> 2143<nav class="distill-site-nav distill-site-header"> 2144<div class="nav-left"> 2145<a class='title' href='/'>Labor Market Dualism</a> 2146<input id="distill-search" class="nav-search hidden" type="text" placeholder="Search..."/> 2147</div> 2148<div class="nav-right"> 2149<a href='/schedule'>Schedule</a> 2150<a href='/syllabus'>Syllabus</a> 2151<a href="https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen"> 2152<i class="fab fa-github" aria-hidden="true"></i> 2153</a> 2154<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="nav-toggle">☰</a> 2155</div> 2156</nav> 2157</header> 2158<!--/radix_placeholder_navigation_before_body--> 2159<!--radix_placeholder_site_before_body--> 2160<!--/radix_placeholder_site_before_body--> 2161 2162<div class="d-title"> 2163<h1>Syllabus</h1> 2164 2165<!--radix_placeholder_categories--> 2166<!--/radix_placeholder_categories--> 2167 2168</div> 2169 2170 2171<div class="d-article"> 2172<div class="d-contents d-contents-float"> 2173<nav class="l-text toc figcaption" id="TOC"> 2174<h3>Contents</h3> 2175<ul> 2176<li><a href="#course-title-and-instructor" id="toc-course-title-and-instructor">Course title and instructor</a></li> 2177<li><a href="#background" id="toc-background">Background</a></li> 2178<li><a href="#purpose-and-contents-of-the-class" id="toc-purpose-and-contents-of-the-class">Purpose and contents of the class</a></li> 2179<li><a href="#prerequisites" id="toc-prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li> 2180<li><a href="#objective" id="toc-objective">Objective</a></li> 2181<li><a href="#selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class" id="toc-selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class">Selected literature to be used for the class</a></li> 2182</ul> 2183</nav> 2184</div> 2185<h2 id="course-title-and-instructor">Course title and instructor</h2> 2186<p><strong>Title:</strong> Unpacking precarious work: OECD case studies (Summer 2024)<br></p> 2187<p><strong>Instructor:</strong> <a href="https://kovsiannikov.com">Kostiantyn Ovsiannikov</a><br> 2188<strong>Email:</strong> <a href="mailto:[email protected]" class="email">[email protected]</a><br> 2189<strong>Office Hours:</strong> by appointment <br> 2190<strong>GitHub:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta">ko-suta</a> <br></p> 2191<h2 id="background">Background</h2> 2192<p>What defines a <strong><span style="color:darkred">decent job</span></strong>? 2193Quantitative dimension â labor cost â is the amount workers are paid to produce a unit of output. 2194Qualitatively, there are several factors is play. 2195They can be summarized under the umbrella of âsocial protectionâ. 2196Whereas labor cost has been by and large stagnant among the OECD states over the last two decades, the social guarantees have been gradually watered down. 2197One of the most prominent trends has been the increase in <strong><span style="color:darkred">non-regular employment</span></strong>. 2198This course aims at unpacking the phenomenon of <strong><span style="color:darkred">âprecarious workâ</span></strong>
2198 by analyzing the case studies of OECD states. 2199We will pay a particular attention to the <strong><span style="color:darkred">âdual (segmented) labor marketsâ</span></strong>, whereby, decent jobs coexist and depend on precarious forms of employment.</p> 2200<h2 id="purpose-and-contents-of-the-class">Purpose and contents of the class</h2> 2201<p>The proposed course will concentrate on the <strong><span style="color:darkred">labor dualism</span></strong> issue from the comparative perspective. 2202It will focus on the underlying causes as well as the socio-economic consequences of this phenomenon. 2203From an empirical point, it will investigate countries that range from those where low labor turnover costs are combined with representative industrial unions (e.g. Sweden), to those where labor bifurcation is relatively more rigid and centered on inter-corporate rather than industrial coordination (e.g. Japan).</p> 2204<p>According to the <strong><span style="color:darkred">âdual labor market hypothesisâ</span></strong> formulated by <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003069720">Doeringer & Piore (1971)</a>, employers often benefit from classifying their personnel into âinternalâ and âexternalâ camps. 2205While the members of the internal labor market enjoy long-term career paths, on-the-job training and accompanying social benefits, external market is mostly composed of non-regular workers who can be fired relatively easy as part of the âoptimization effortsâ during the economic crises such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> 2206<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2> 2207<p>The class will focus on the cutting-edge political and economic issues around the world. 2208It will therefore be of a particular interest to those willing to explore labor-related problems pertaining to different countries and to engage in the comparative analysis. 2209The offered course fits best into the <a href="https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/study/finding-a-course/transdisciplinary-competencies/transdisciplinary-course-program/bachelor/#c1397368">âEconomic Thinking and Actingâ</a> cluster of the Transdisciplinary Course Program.</p> 2210<h2 id="objective">Objective</h2> 2211<p>The comparative context of this course will go beyond mere geographic distinctions, focusing on institutional legacies that shape national responses to market challenges. 2212The students who complete this course will not only become familiar with OECD case studies but will also learn to apply, evaluate, and challenge such theories as <strong><span style="color:darkred">Varieties of Capitalism</span></strong> and <strong><span style="color:darkred">Political Economy of Labor Market Institutions</span></strong>. 2213Since the analyzed topics constitute the core of the SDG 8 and are among the priorities of the International Labor Organization (ILO), obtained knowledge will come in handy for those seeking employment in international organizations.</p> 2214<h2 id="selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class">Selected literature to be used for the class</h2> 2215<ul> 2216<li>Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Nonstandard employment relations: Part-time, temporary and contract work. <em>Annual review of sociology, 26</em>(1), 341-365.</li> 2217<li>Thelen, K., & Kume, I. (2006). Coordination as a political problem in coordinated market economies. <em>Governance, 19</em>(1), 11-42.</li> 2218<li>Song, J. (2012). Economic distress, labor market reforms, and dualism in Japan and Korea. <em>Governance, 25</em>(3), 415-438.</li> 2219<li>Häusermann, S., Kurer, T., & Schwander, H. (2015). High-skilled outsiders? Labor market vulnerability, education and welfare state preferences. <em>Socio-Economic Review, 13</em>(2), 235-258.</li> 2220<li>Eichhorst, W., Marx, P., & Wehner, C. (2017). Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets? <em>Journal for Labour Market Research, 51</em>(1), 1-17.</li> 2221<li>Witt, M.A. & Jackson, G., (2016). Varieties of Capitalism and institutional comparative advantage: a test and reinterpretation. <em>Journal of International Business Studies, 47</em>(7), pp.778-806.</li> 2222<li>Hudson, K. (2007). The new labor market segmentation: Labor market dualism in the new economy. <em>Social science research, 36</em>(1), 286-312.</li> 2223<li>Rueda, D. (2006). Social democracy and active labour-market policies: insiders, outsiders and the politics of employment promotion. <em>British Journal of Political Science, 36</em>(3), 385-406.</li> 2224</ul> 2225<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r distill-force-highlighting-css"><code class="sourceCode r"></code></pre></div> 2226<!--radix_placeholder_article_footer--> 2227<!--/radix_placeholder_article_footer--> 2228</div> 2229 2230<div class="d-appendix"> 2231</div> 2232 2233 2234<!--radix_placeholder_site_after_body--> 2235<!--/radix_placeholder_site_after_body--> 2236<!--radix_placeholder_appendices--> 2237<div class="appendix-bottom"> 2238<h3 id="updates-and-corrections">Corrections</h3> 2239<p>If you see mistakes or want to suggest changes, please <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen/issues/new">create an issue</a> on the source repository.</p> 2240<h3 id="reuse">Reuse</h3> 2241<p>
2241Text and figures are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>. Source code is available at <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen">https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen</a>, unless otherwise noted. The figures that have been reused from other sources don't fall under this license and can be recognized by a note in their caption: "Figure from ...".</p> 2242</div> 2243<!--/radix_placeholder_appendices--> 2244<!--radix_placeholder_navigation_after_body--> 2245<div class="distill-site-nav distill-site-footer"> 2246<meta charset="utf-8"> 2247<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
vendor: 64 bytes, lines 2247-2248
2247 2248<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
2248G-PNBY03CMKW
vendor: 12 bytes, line 2248
2248"></script>
2249<script> 2250
vendor: 134 bytes, lines 2250-2254
2250window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 2251 function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 2252 gtag('js', new Date()); 2253 2254 gtag('config', '
2254G-PNBY03CMKW
vendor: 4 bytes, line 2254
2254');
2255</script>
2255 2256<p>Kostiantyn Ovsiannikov ©
2256<script>document.write(new 2257Date().getFullYear())</script>
2257</p>
2258<script> 2259 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { 2260 2261 2262 var t = setInterval(function(){ 2263 var resizeEvent = new Event('resize'); 2264 window.dispatchEvent(resizeEvent); 2265 }, 1000); 2266 2267 2268 }); 2269 2270 2271</script>
2271 2272</div> 2273<!--/radix_placeholder_navigation_after_body--> 2274 2275 2276</body> 2277 2278</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.