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708  }
709
710  .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-preview img {
711    height: 3em;
712    width: auto;
713    display: none;
714  }
715
716  .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion .search-item-preview img[src] {
717    display: initial;
718  }
719
720  .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion.aa-cursor {
721    background-color: #eee;
722  }
723  .algolia-autocomplete .aa-dropdown-menu .aa-suggestion em {
724    font-weight: bold;
725    font-style: normal;
726  }
727
728  </style>
729
730
731  <!--/radix_placeholder_navigation_in_header-->
732  <!--radix_placeholder_distill-->
733
734  <style type="text/css">
735
736  body {
737    background-color: white;
738  }
739
740  .pandoc-table {
741    width: 100%;
742  }
743
744  .pandoc-table>caption {
745    margin-bottom: 10px;
746  }
747
748  .pandoc-table th:not([align]) {
749    text-align: left;
750  }
751
752  .pagedtable-footer {
753    font-size: 15px;
754  }
755
756  d-byline .byline {
757    grid-template-columns: 2fr 2fr;
758  }
759
760  d-byline .byline h3 {
761    margin-block-start: 1.5em;
762  }
763
764  d-byline .byline .authors-affiliations h3 {
765    margin-block-start: 0.5em;
766  }
767
768  .authors-affiliations .orcid-id {
769    width: 16px;
770    height:16px;
771    margin-left: 4px;
772    margin-right: 4px;
773    vertical-align: middle;
774    padding-bottom: 2px;
775  }
776
777  d-title .dt-tags {
778    margin-top: 1em;
779    grid-column: text;
780  }
781
782  .dt-tags .dt-tag {
783    text-decoration: none;
784    display: inline-block;
785    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
786    padding: 0em 0.4em;
787    margin-right: 0.5em;
788    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
789    font-size: 70%;
790    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
791    border-radius: 3px;
792    text-transform: uppercase;
793    font-weight: 500;
794  }
795
796  d-article table.gt_table td,
797  d-article table.gt_table th {
798    border-bottom: none;
799    font-size: 100%;
800  }
801
802  .html-widget {
803    margin-bottom: 2.0em;
804  }
805
806  .l-screen-inset {
807    padding-right: 16px;
808  }
809
810  .l-screen .caption {
811    margin-left: 10px;
812  }
813
814  .shaded {
815    background: rgb(247, 247, 247);
816    padding-top: 20px;
817    padding-bottom: 20px;
818    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
819    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
820  }
821
822  .shaded .html-widget {
823    margin-bottom: 0;
824    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
825  }
826
827  .shaded .shaded-content {
828    background: white;
829  }
830
831  .text-output {
832    margin-top: 0;
833    line-height: 1.5em;
834  }
835
836  .hidden {
837    display: none !important;
838  }
839
840  hr.section-separator {
841    border: none;
842    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
843    margin: 0px;
844  }
845
846
847  d-byline {
848    border-top: none;
849  }
850
851  d-article {
852    padding-top: 2.5rem;
853    padding-bottom: 30px;
854    border-top: none;
855  }
856
857  d-appendix {
858    padding-top: 30px;
859  }
860
861  d-article>p>img {
862    width: 100%;
863  }
864
865  d-article h2 {
866    margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem 0;
867  }
868
869  d-article h3 {
870    margin-top: 1.5rem;
871  }
872
873  d-article iframe {
874    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
875    margin-bottom: 2.0em;
876    width: 100%;
877  }
878
879  /* Tweak code blocks */
880
881  d-article div.sourceCode code,
882  d-article pre code {
883    font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace;
884  }
885
886  d-article pre,
887  d-article div.sourceCode,
888  d-article div.sourceCode pre {
889    overflow: auto;
890  }
891
892  d-article div.sourceCode {
893    background-color: white;
894  }
895
896  d-article div.sourceCode pre {
897    padding-left: 10px;
898    font-size: 12px;
899    border-left: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
900  }
901
902  d-article pre {
903    font-size: 12px;
904    color: black;
905    background: none;
906    margin-top: 0;
907    text-align: left;
908    white-space: pre;
909    word-spacing: normal;
910    word-break: normal;
911    word-wrap: normal;
912    line-height: 1.5;
913
914    -moz-tab-size: 4;
915    -o-tab-size: 4;
916    tab-size: 4;
917
918    -webkit-hyphens: none;
919    -moz-hyphens: none;
920    -ms-hyphens: none;
921    hyphens: none;
922  }
923
924  d-article pre a {
925    border-bottom: none;
926  }
927
928  d-article pre a:hover {
929    border-bottom: none;
930    text-decoration: underline;
931  }
932
933  d-article details {
934    grid-column: text;
935    margin-bottom: 0.8em;
936  }
937
938  @media(min-width: 768px) {
939
940  d-article pre,
941  d-article div.sourceCode,
942  d-article div.sourceCode pre {
943    overflow: visible !important;
944  }
945
946  d-article div.sourceCode pre {
947    padding-left: 18px;
948    font-size: 14px;
949  }
950
951  /* tweak for Pandoc numbered line within distill */
952  d-article pre.numberSource code > span {
953      left: -2em;
954  }
955
956  d-article pre {
957    font-size: 14px;
958  }
959
960  }
961
962  figure img.external {
963    background: white;
964    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
965    box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
966    padding: 18px;
967    box-sizing: border-box;
968  }
969
970  /* CSS for d-contents */
971
972  .d-contents {
973    grid-column: text;
974    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
975    font-size: 0.9em;
976    padding-bottom: 1em;
977    margin-bottom: 1em;
978    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
979    margin-bottom: 1em;
980    padding-left: 0.25em;
981    justify-self: start;
982  }
983
984  @media(min-width: 1000px) {
985    .d-contents.d-contents-float {
986      height: 0;
987      grid-column-start: 1;
988      grid-column-end: 4;
989      justify-self: center;
990      padding-right: 3em;
991      padding-left: 2em;
992    }
993  }
994
995  .d-contents nav h3 {
996    font-size: 18px;
997    margin-top: 0;
998    margin-bottom: 1em;
999  }
1000
1001  .d-contents li {
1002    list-style-type: none
1003  }
1004
1005  .d-contents nav > ul {
1006    padding-left: 0;
1007  }
1008
1009  .d-contents ul {
1010    padding-left: 1em
1011  }
1012
1013  .d-contents nav ul li {
1014    margin-top: 0.6em;
1015    margin-bottom: 0.2em;
1016  }
1017
1018  .d-contents nav a {
1019    font-size: 13px;
1020    border-bottom: none;
1021    text-decoration: none
1022    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
1023  }
1024
1025  .d-contents nav a:hover {
1026    text-decoration: underline solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)
1027  }
1028
1029  .d-contents nav > ul > li > a {
1030    font-weight: 600;
1031  }
1032
1033  .d-contents nav > ul > li > ul {
1034    font-weight: inherit;
1035  }
1036
1037  .d-contents nav > ul > li > ul > li {
1038    margin-top: 0.2em;
1039  }
1040
1041
1042  .d-contents nav ul {
1043    margin-top: 0;
1044    margin-bottom: 0.25em;
1045  }
1046
1047  .d-article-with-toc h2:nth-child(2) {
1048    margin-top: 0;
1049  }
1050
1051
1052  /* Figure */
1053
1054  .figure {
1055    position: relative;
1056    margin-bottom: 2.5em;
1057    margin-top: 1.5em;
1058  }
1059
1060  .figure .caption {
1061    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
1062    font-size: 12px;
1063    line-height: 1.5em;
1064  }
1065
1066  .figure img.external {
1067    background: white;
1068    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1069    box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1070    padding: 18px;
1071    box-sizing: border-box;
1072  }
1073
1074  .figure .caption a {
1075    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
1076  }
1077
1078  .figure .caption b,
1079  .figure .caption strong, {
1080    font-weight: 600;
1081    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);
1082  }
1083
1084  /* Citations */
1085
1086  d-article .citation {
1087    color: inherit;
1088    cursor: inherit;
1089  }
1090
1091  div.hanging-indent{
1092    margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;
1093  }
1094
1095  /* Citation hover box */
1096
1097  .tippy-box[data-theme~=light-border] {
1098    background-color: rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.95);
1099  }
1100
1101  .tippy-content > p {
1102    margin-bottom: 0;
1103    padding: 2px;
1104  }
1105
1106
1107  /* Tweak 1000px media break to show more text */
1108
1109  @media(min-width: 1000px) {
1110    .base-grid,
1111    distill-header,
1112    d-title,
1113    d-abstract,
1114    d-article,
1115    d-appendix,
1116    distill-appendix,
1117    d-byline,
1118    d-footnote-list,
1119    d-citation-list,
1120    distill-footer {
1121      grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 80px [middle-start] 50px [text-start kicker-end] 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px 65px [text-end gutter-start] 65px [middle-end] 65px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];
1122      grid-column-gap: 16px;
1123    }
1124
1125    .grid {
1126      grid-column-gap: 16px;
1127    }
1128
1129    d-article {
1130      font-size: 1.06rem;
1131      line-height: 1.7em;
1132    }
1133    figure .caption, .figure .caption, figure figcaption {
1134      font-size: 13px;
1135    }
1136  }
1137
1138  @media(min-width: 1180px) {
1139    .base-grid,
1140    distill-header,
1141    d-title,
1142    d-abstract,
1143    d-article,
1144    d-appendix,
1145    distill-appendix,
1146    d-byline,
1147    d-footnote-list,
1148    d-citation-list,
1149    distill-footer {
1150      grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 60px [middle-start] 60px [text-start kicker-end] 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px [text-end gutter-start] 60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];
1151      grid-column-gap: 32px;
1152    }
1153
1154    .grid {
1155      grid-column-gap: 32px;
1156    }
1157  }
1158
1159
1160  /* Get the citation styles for the appendix (not auto-injected on render since
1161     we do our own rendering of the citation appendix) */
1162
1163  d-appendix .citation-appendix,
1164  .d-appendix .citation-appendix {
1165    font-size: 11px;
1166    line-height: 15px;
1167    border-left: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1168    padding-left: 18px;
1169    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
1170    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
1171    padding: 10px 18px;
1172    border-radius: 3px;
1173    color: rgba(150, 150, 150, 1);
1174    overflow: hidden;
1175    margin-top: -12px;
1176    white-space: pre-wrap;
1177    word-wrap: break-word;
1178  }
1179
1180  /* Include appendix styles here so they can be overridden */
1181
1182  d-appendix {
1183    contain: layout style;
1184    font-size: 0.8em;
1185    line-height: 1.7em;
1186    margin-top: 60px;
1187    margin-bottom: 0;
1188    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1189    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
1190    padding-top: 60px;
1191    padding-bottom: 48px;
1192  }
1193
1194  d-appendix h3 {
1195    grid-column: page-start / text-start;
1196    font-size: 15px;
1197    font-weight: 500;
1198    margin-top: 1em;
1199    margin-bottom: 0;
1200    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.65);
1201  }
1202
1203  d-appendix h3 + * {
1204    margin-top: 1em;
1205  }
1206
1207  d-appendix ol {
1208    padding: 0 0 0 15px;
1209  }
1210
1211  @media (min-width: 768px) {
1212    d-appendix ol {
1213      padding: 0 0 0 30px;
1214      margin-left: -30px;
1215    }
1216  }
1217
1218  d-appendix li {
1219    margin-bottom: 1em;
1220  }
1221
1222  d-appendix a {
1223    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
1224  }
1225
1226  d-appendix > * {
1227    grid-column: text;
1228  }
1229
1230  d-appendix > d-footnote-list,
1231  d-appendix > d-citation-list,
1232  d-appendix > distill-appendix {
1233    grid-column: screen;
1234  }
1235
1236  /* Include footnote styles here so they can be overridden */
1237
1238  d-footnote-list {
1239    contain: layout style;
1240  }
1241
1242  d-footnote-list > * {
1243    grid-column: text;
1244  }
1245
1246  d-footnote-list a.footnote-backlink {
1247    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
1248    padding-left: 0.5em;
1249  }
1250
1251
1252
1253  /* Anchor.js */
1254
1255  .anchorjs-link {
1256    /*transition: all .25s linear; */
1257    text-decoration: none;
1258    border-bottom: none;
1259  }
1260  *:hover > .anchorjs-link {
1261    margin-left: -1.125em !important;
1262    text-decoration: none;
1263    border-bottom: none;
1264  }
1265
1266  /* Social footer */
1267
1268  .social_footer {
1269    margin-top: 30px;
1270    margin-bottom: 0;
1271    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.67);
1272  }
1273
1274  .disqus-comments {
1275    margin-right: 30px;
1276  }
1277
1278  .disqus-comment-count {
1279    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
1280    cursor: pointer;
1281  }
1282
1283  #disqus_thread {
1284    margin-top: 30px;
1285  }
1286
1287  .article-sharing a {
1288    border-bottom: none;
1289    margin-right: 8px;
1290  }
1291
1292  .article-sharing a:hover {
1293    border-bottom: none;
1294  }
1295
1296  .sidebar-section.subscribe {
1297    font-size: 12px;
1298    line-height: 1.6em;
1299  }
1300
1301  .subscribe p {
1302    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
1303  }
1304
1305
1306  .article-footer .subscribe {
1307    font-size: 15px;
1308    margin-top: 45px;
1309  }
1310
1311
1312  .sidebar-section.custom {
1313    font-size: 12px;
1314    line-height: 1.6em;
1315  }
1316
1317  .custom p {
1318    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
1319  }
1320
1321  /* Styles for listing layout (hide title) */
1322  .layout-listing d-title, .layout-listing .d-title {
1323    display: none;
1324  }
1325
1326  /* Styles for posts lists (not auto-injected) */
1327
1328
1329  .posts-with-sidebar {
1330    padding-left: 45px;
1331    padding-right: 45px;
1332  }
1333
1334  .posts-list .description h2,
1335  .posts-list .description p {
1336    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
1337  }
1338
1339  .posts-list .description h2 {
1340    font-weight: 700;
1341    border-bottom: none;
1342    padding-bottom: 0;
1343  }
1344
1345  .posts-list h2.post-tag {
1346    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
1347    padding-bottom: 12px;
1348  }
1349  .posts-list {
1350    margin-top: 60px;
1351    margin-bottom: 24px;
1352  }
1353
1354  .posts-list .post-preview {
1355    text-decoration: none;
1356    overflow: hidden;
1357    display: block;
1358    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1359    padding: 24px 0;
1360  }
1361
1362  .post-preview-last {
1363    border-bottom: none !important;
1364  }
1365
1366  .posts-list .posts-list-caption {
1367    grid-column: screen;
1368    font-weight: 400;
1369  }
1370
1371  .posts-list .post-preview h2 {
1372    margin: 0 0 6px 0;
1373    line-height: 1.2em;
1374    font-style: normal;
1375    font-size: 24px;
1376  }
1377
1378  .posts-list .post-preview p {
1379    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
1380    line-height: 1.4em;
1381    font-size: 16px;
1382  }
1383
1384  .posts-list .post-preview .thumbnail {
1385    box-sizing: border-box;
1386    margin-bottom: 24px;
1387    position: relative;
1388    max-width: 500px;
1389  }
1390  .posts-list .post-preview img {
1391    width: 100%;
1392    display: block;
1393  }
1394
1395  .posts-list .metadata {
1396    font-size: 12px;
1397    line-height: 1.4em;
1398    margin-bottom: 18px;
1399  }
1400
1401  .posts-list .metadata > * {
1402    display: inline-block;
1403  }
1404
1405  .posts-list .metadata .publishedDate {
1406    margin-right: 2em;
1407  }
1408
1409  .posts-list .metadata .dt-authors {
1410    display: block;
1411    margin-top: 0.3em;
1412    margin-right: 2em;
1413  }
1414
1415  .posts-list .dt-tags {
1416    display: block;
1417    line-height: 1em;
1418  }
1419
1420  .posts-list .dt-tags .dt-tag {
1421    display: inline-block;
1422    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
1423    padding: 0.3em 0.4em;
1424    margin-right: 0.2em;
1425    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
1426    font-size: 60%;
1427    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
1428    border-radius: 3px;
1429    text-transform: uppercase;
1430    font-weight: 500;
1431  }
1432
1433  .posts-list img {
1434    opacity: 1;
1435  }
1436
1437  .posts-list img[data-src] {
1438    opacity: 0;
1439  }
1440
1441  .posts-more {
1442    clear: both;
1443  }
1444
1445
1446  .posts-sidebar {
1447    font-size: 16px;
1448  }
1449
1450  .posts-sidebar h3 {
1451    font-size: 16px;
1452    margin-top: 0;
1453    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
1454    font-weight: 400;
1455    text-transform: uppercase;
1456  }
1457
1458  .sidebar-section {
1459    margin-bottom: 30px;
1460  }
1461
1462  .categories ul {
1463    list-style-type: none;
1464    margin: 0;
1465    padding: 0;
1466  }
1467
1468  .categories li {
1469    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
1470    margin-bottom: 0;
1471  }
1472
1473  .categories li>a {
1474    border-bottom: none;
1475  }
1476
1477  .categories li>a:hover {
1478    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
1479  }
1480
1481  .categories .active {
1482    font-weight: 600;
1483  }
1484
1485  .categories .category-count {
1486    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
1487  }
1488
1489
1490  @media(min-width: 768px) {
1491    .posts-list .post-preview h2 {
1492      font-size: 26px;
1493    }
1494    .posts-list .post-preview .thumbnail {
1495      float: right;
1496      width: 30%;
1497      margin-bottom: 0;
1498    }
1499    .posts-list .post-preview .description {
1500      float: left;
1501      width: 45%;
1502    }
1503    .posts-list .post-preview .metadata {
1504      float: left;
1505      width: 20%;
1506      margin-top: 8px;
1507    }
1508    .posts-list .post-preview p {
1509      margin: 0 0 12px 0;
1510      line-height: 1.5em;
1511      font-size: 16px;
1512    }
1513    .posts-with-sidebar .posts-list {
1514      float: left;
1515      width: 75%;
1516    }
1517    .posts-with-sidebar .posts-sidebar {
1518      float: right;
1519      width: 20%;
1520      margin-top: 60px;
1521      padding-top: 24px;
1522      padding-bottom: 24px;
1523    }
1524  }
1525
1526
1527  /* Improve display for browsers without grid (IE/Edge <= 15) */
1528
1529  .downlevel {
1530    line-height: 1.6em;
1531    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
1532    margin: 0;
1533  }
1534
1535  .downlevel .d-title {
1536    padding-top: 6rem;
1537    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
1538  }
1539
1540  .downlevel .d-title h1 {
1541    font-size: 50px;
1542    font-weight: 700;
1543    line-height: 1.1em;
1544    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
1545  }
1546
1547  .downlevel .d-title p {
1548    font-weight: 300;
1549    font-size: 1.2rem;
1550    line-height: 1.55em;
1551    margin-top: 0;
1552  }
1553
1554  .downlevel .d-byline {
1555    padding-top: 0.8em;
1556    padding-bottom: 0.8em;
1557    font-size: 0.8rem;
1558    line-height: 1.8em;
1559  }
1560
1561  .downlevel .section-separator {
1562    border: none;
1563    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
1564  }
1565
1566  .downlevel .d-article {
1567    font-size: 1.06rem;
1568    line-height: 1.7em;
1569    padding-top: 1rem;
1570    padding-bottom: 2rem;
1571  }
1572
1573
1574  .downlevel .d-appendix {
1575    padding-left: 0;
1576    padding-right: 0;
1577    max-width: none;
1578    font-size: 0.8em;
1579    line-height: 1.7em;
1580    margin-bottom: 0;
1581    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
1582    padding-top: 40px;
1583    padding-bottom: 48px;
1584  }
1585
1586  .downlevel .footnotes ol {
1587    padding-left: 13px;
1588  }
1589
1590  .downlevel .base-grid,
1591  .downlevel .distill-header,
1592  .downlevel .d-title,
1593  .downlevel .d-abstract,
1594  .downlevel .d-article,
1595  .downlevel .d-appendix,
1596  .downlevel .distill-appendix,
1597  .downlevel .d-byline,
1598  .downlevel .d-footnote-list,
1599  .downlevel .d-citation-list,
1600  .downlevel .distill-footer,
1601  .downlevel .appendix-bottom,
1602  .downlevel .posts-container {
1603    padding-left: 40px;
1604    padding-right: 40px;
1605  }
1606
1607  @media(min-width: 768px) {
1608    .downlevel .base-grid,
1609    .downlevel .distill-header,
1610    .downlevel .d-title,
1611    .downlevel .d-abstract,
1612    .downlevel .d-article,
1613    .downlevel .d-appendix,
1614    .downlevel .distill-appendix,
1615    .downlevel .d-byline,
1616    .downlevel .d-footnote-list,
1617    .downlevel .d-citation-list,
1618    .downlevel .distill-footer,
1619    .downlevel .appendix-bottom,
1620    .downlevel .posts-container {
1621    padding-left: 150px;
1622    padding-right: 150px;
1623    max-width: 900px;
1624  }
1625  }
1626
1627  .downlevel pre code {
1628    display: block;
1629    border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
1630    padding: 0 0 0 20px;
1631    font-size: 14px;
1632  }
1633
1634  .downlevel code, .downlevel pre {
1635    color: black;
1636    background: none;
1637    font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace;
1638    text-align: left;
1639    white-space: pre;
1640    word-spacing: normal;
1641    word-break: normal;
1642    word-wrap: normal;
1643    line-height: 1.5;
1644
1645    -moz-tab-size: 4;
1646    -o-tab-size: 4;
1647    tab-size: 4;
1648
1649    -webkit-hyphens: none;
1650    -moz-hyphens: none;
1651    -ms-hyphens: none;
1652    hyphens: none;
1653  }
1654
1655  .downlevel .posts-list .post-preview {
1656    color: inherit;
1657  }
1658
1659
1660
1661  </style>
1662
1663  
1663<script type="application/javascript">
1664
1665  function is_downlevel_browser() {
1666    if (bowser.isUnsupportedBrowser({ msie: "12", msedge: "16"},
1667                                   window.navigator.userAgent)) {
1668      return true;
1669    } else {
1670      return window.load_distill_framework === undefined;
1671    }
1672  }
1673
1674  // show body when load is complete
1675  function on_load_complete() {
1676
1677    // add anchors
1678    if (window.anchors) {
1679      window.anchors.options.placement = 'left';
1680      window.anchors.add('d-article > h2, d-article > h3, d-article > h4, d-article > h5');
1681    }
1682
1683
1684    // set body to visible
1685    document.body.style.visibility = 'visible';
1686
1687    // force redraw for leaflet widgets
1688    if (window.HTMLWidgets) {
1689      var maps = window.HTMLWidgets.findAll(".leaflet");
1690      $.each(maps, function(i, el) {
1691        var map = this.getMap();
1692        map.invalidateSize();
1693        map.eachLayer(function(layer) {
1694          if (layer instanceof L.TileLayer)
1695            layer.redraw();
1696        });
1697      });
1698    }
1699
1700    // trigger 'shown' so htmlwidgets resize
1701    $('d-article').trigger('shown');
1702  }
1703
1704  function init_distill() {
1705
1706    init_common();
1707
1708    // create front matter
1709    var front_matter = $('<d-front-matter></d-front-matter>');
1710    $('#distill-front-matter').wrap(front_matter);
1711
1712    // create d-title
1713    $('.d-title').changeElementType('d-title');
1714
1715    // separator
1716    var separator = '<hr class="section-separator" style="clear: both"/>';
1717    // prepend separator above appendix
1718    $('.d-byline').before(separator);
1719    $('.d-article').before(separator);
1720
1721    // create d-byline
1722    var byline = $('<d-byline></d-byline>');
1723    $('.d-byline').replaceWith(byline);
1724
1725    // create d-article
1726    var article = $('<d-article></d-article>');
1727    $('.d-article').wrap(article).children().unwrap();
1728
1729    // move posts container into article
1730    $('.posts-container').appendTo($('d-article'));
1731
1732    // create d-appendix
1733    $('.d-appendix').changeElementType('d-appendix');
1734
1735    // flag indicating that we have appendix items
1736    var appendix = $('.appendix-bottom').children('h3').length > 0;
1737
1738    // replace footnotes with <d-footnote>
1739    $('.footnote-ref').each(function(i, val) {
1740      appendix = true;
1741      var href = $(this).attr('href');
1742      var id = href.replace('#', '');
1743      var fn = $('#' + id);
1744      var fn_p = $('#' + id + '>p');
1745      fn_p.find('.footnote-back').remove();
1746      var text = fn_p.html();
1747      var dtfn = $('<d-footnote></d-footnote>');
1748      dtfn.html(text);
1749      $(this).replaceWith(dtfn);
1750    });
1751    // remove footnotes
1752    $('.footnotes').remove();
1753
1754    // move refs into #references-listing
1755    $('#references-listing').replaceWith($('#refs'));
1756
1757    $('h1.appendix, h2.appendix').each(function(i, val) {
1758      $(this).changeElementType('h3');
1759    });
1760    $('h3.appendix').each(function(i, val) {
1761      var id = $(this).attr('id');
1762      $('.d-contents a[href="#' + id + '"]').parent().remove();
1763      appendix = true;
1764      $(this).nextUntil($('h1, h2, h3')).addBack().appendTo($('d-appendix'));
1765    });
1766
1767    // show d-appendix if we have appendix content
1768    $("d-appendix").css('display', appendix ? 'grid' : 'none');
1769
1770    // localize layout chunks to just output
1771    $('.layout-chunk').each(function(i, val) {
1772
1773      // capture layout
1774      var layout = $(this).attr('data-layout');
1775
1776      // apply layout to markdown level block elements
1777      var elements = $(this).children().not('details, div.sourceCode, pre, script');
1778      elements.each(function(i, el) {
1779        var layout_div = $('<div class="' + layout + '"></div>');
1780        if (layout_div.hasClass('shaded')) {
1781          var shaded_content = $('<div class="shaded-content"></div>');
1782          $(this).wrap(shaded_content);
1783          $(this).parent().wrap(layout_div);
1784        } else {
1785          $(this).wrap(layout_div);
1786        }
1787      });
1788
1789
1790      // unwrap the layout-chunk div
1791      $(this).children().unwrap();
1792    });
1793
1794    // remove code block used to force  highlighting css
1795    $('.distill-force-highlighting-css').parent().remove();
1796
1797    // remove empty line numbers inserted by pandoc when using a
1798    // custom syntax highlighting theme, except when numbering line
1799    // in code chunk
1800    $('pre:not(.numberLines) code.sourceCode a:empty').remove();
1801
1802    // load distill framework
1803    load_distill_framework();
1804
1805    // wait for window.distillRunlevel == 4 to do post processing
1806    function distill_post_process() {
1807
1808      if (!window.distillRunlevel || window.distillRunlevel < 4)
1809        return;
1810
1811      // hide author/affiliations entirely if we have no authors
1812      var front_matter = JSON.parse($("#distill-front-matter").html());
1813      var have_authors = front_matter.authors && front_matter.authors.length > 0;
1814      if (!have_authors)
1815        $('d-byline').addClass('hidden');
1816
1817      // article with toc class
1818      $('.d-contents').parent().addClass('d-article-with-toc');
1819
1820      // strip links that point to #
1821      $('.authors-affiliations').find('a[href="#"]').removeAttr('href');
1822
1823      // add orcid ids
1824      $('.authors-affiliations').find('.author').each(function(i, el) {
1825        var orcid_id = front_matter.authors[i].orcidID;
1826        var author_name = front_matter.authors[i].author
1827        if (orcid_id) {
1828          var a = $('<a></a>');
1829          a.attr('href', 'https://orcid.org/' + orcid_id);
1830          var img = $('<img></img>');
1831          img.addClass('orcid-id');
1832          img.attr('alt', author_name ? 'ORCID ID for ' + author_name : 'ORCID ID');
1833          img.attr('src','data:image/png;base64,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');
1834          a.append(img);
1835          $(this).append(a);
1836        }
1837      });
1838
1839      // hide elements of author/affiliations grid that have no value
1840      function hide_byline_column(caption) {
1841        $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("' + caption + '")').parent().css('visibility', 'hidden');
1842      }
1843
1844      // affiliations
1845      var have_affiliations = false;
1846      for (var i = 0; i<front_matter.authors.length; ++i) {
1847        var author = front_matter.authors[i];
1848        if (author.affiliation !== "&nbsp;") {
1849          have_affiliations = true;
1850          break;
1851        }
1852      }
1853      if (!have_affiliations)
1854        $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("Affiliations")').css('visibility', 'hidden');
1855
1856      // published date
1857      if (!front_matter.publishedDate)
1858        hide_byline_column("Published");
1859
1860      // document object identifier
1861      var doi = $('d-byline').find('h3:contains("DOI")');
1862      var doi_p = doi.next().empty();
1863      if (!front_matter.doi) {
1864        // if we have a citation and valid citationText then link to that
1865        if ($('#citation').length > 0 && front_matter.citationText) {
1866          doi.html('Citation');
1867          $('<a href="#citation"></a>')
1868            .text(front_matter.citationText)
1869            .appendTo(doi_p);
1870        } else {
1871          hide_byline_column("DOI");
1872        }
1873      } else {
1874        $('<a></a>')
1875           .attr('href', "https://doi.org/" + front_matter.doi)
1876           .html(front_matter.doi)
1877           .appendTo(doi_p);
1878      }
1879
1880       // change plural form of authors/affiliations
1881      if (front_matter.authors.length === 1) {
1882        var grid = $('.authors-affiliations');
1883        grid.children('h3:contains("Authors")').text('Author');
1884        grid.children('h3:contains("Affiliations")').text('Affiliation');
1885      }
1886
1887      // remove d-appendix and d-footnote-list local styles
1888      $('d-appendix > style:first-child').remove();
1889      $('d-footnote-list > style:first-child').remove();
1890
1891      // move appendix-bottom entries to the bottom
1892      $('.appendix-bottom').appendTo('d-appendix').children().unwrap();
1893      $('.appendix-bottom').remove();
1894
1895      // hoverable references
1896      $('span.citation[data-cites]').each(function() {
1897        const citeChild = $(this).children()[0]
1898        // Do not process if @xyz has been used without escaping and without bibliography activated
1899        // https://github.com/rstudio/distill/issues/466
1900        if (citeChild === undefined) return true
1901
1902        if (citeChild.nodeName == "D-FOOTNOTE") {
1903          var fn = citeChild
1904          $(this).html(fn.shadowRoot.querySelector("sup"))
1905          $(this).id = fn.id
1906          fn.remove()
1907        }
1908        var refs = $(this).attr('data-cites').split(" ");
1909        var refHtml = refs.map(function(ref) {
1910          // Could use CSS.escape too here, we insure backward compatibility in navigator
1911          return "<p>" + $('div[id="ref-' + ref + '"]').html() + "</p>";
1912        }).join("\n");
1913        window.tippy(this, {
1914          allowHTML: true,
1915          content: refHtml,
1916          maxWidth: 500,
1917          interactive: true,
1918          interactiveBorder: 10,
1919          theme: 'light-border',
1920          placement: 'bottom-start'
1921        });
1922      });
1923
1924      // fix footnotes in tables (#411)
1925      // replacing broken distill.pub feature
1926      $('table d-footnote').each(function() {
1927        // we replace internal showAtNode methode which is triggered when hovering a footnote
1928        this.hoverBox.showAtNode = function(node) {
1929          // ported from https://github.com/distillpub/template/pull/105/files
1930          calcOffset = function(elem) {
1931              let x = elem.offsetLeft;
1932              let y = elem.offsetTop;
1933              // Traverse upwards until an `absolute` element is found or `elem`
1934              // becomes null.
1935              while (elem = elem.offsetParent && elem.style.position != 'absolute') {
1936                  x += elem.offsetLeft;
1937                  y += elem.offsetTop;
1938              }
1939
1940              return { left: x, top: y };
1941          }
1942          // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/offsetTop
1943          const bbox = node.getBoundingClientRect();
1944          const offset = calcOffset(node);
1945          this.show([offset.left + bbox.width, offset.top + bbox.height]);
1946        }
1947      })
1948
1949      // clear polling timer
1950      clearInterval(tid);
1951
1952      // show body now that everything is ready
1953      on_load_complete();
1954    }
1955
1956    var tid = setInterval(distill_post_process, 50);
1957    distill_post_process();
1958
1959  }
1960
1961  function init_downlevel() {
1962
1963    init_common();
1964
1965     // insert hr after d-title
1966    $('.d-title').after($('<hr class="section-separator"/>'));
1967
1968    // check if we have authors
1969    var front_matter = JSON.parse($("#distill-front-matter").html());
1970    var have_authors = front_matter.authors && front_matter.authors.length > 0;
1971
1972    // manage byline/border
1973    if (!have_authors)
1974      $('.d-byline').remove();
1975    $('.d-byline').after($('<hr class="section-separator"/>'));
1976    $('.d-byline a').remove();
1977
1978    // remove toc
1979    $('.d-contents').remove();
1980
1981    // move appendix elements
1982    $('h1.appendix, h2.appendix').each(function(i, val) {
1983      $(this).changeElementType('h3');
1984    });
1985    $('h3.appendix').each(function(i, val) {
1986      $(this).nextUntil($('h1, h2, h3')).addBack().appendTo($('.d-appendix'));
1987    });
1988
1989
1990    // inject headers into references and footnotes
1991    var refs_header = $('<h3></h3>');
1992    refs_header.text('References');
1993    $('#refs').prepend(refs_header);
1994
1995    var footnotes_header = $('<h3></h3');
1996    footnotes_header.text('Footnotes');
1997    $('.footnotes').children('hr').first().replaceWith(footnotes_header);
1998
1999    // move appendix-bottom entries to the bottom
2000    $('.appendix-bottom').appendTo('.d-appendix').children().unwrap();
2001    $('.appendix-bottom').remove();
2002
2003    // remove appendix if it's empty
2004    if ($('.d-appendix').children().length === 0)
2005      $('.d-appendix').remove();
2006
2007    // prepend separator above appendix
2008    $('.d-appendix').before($('<hr class="section-separator" style="clear: both"/>'));
2009
2010    // trim code
2011    $('pre>code').each(function(i, val) {
2012      $(this).html($.trim($(this).html()));
2013    });
2014
2015    // move posts-container right before article
2016    $('.posts-container').insertBefore($('.d-article'));
2017
2018    $('body').addClass('downlevel');
2019
2020    on_load_complete();
2021  }
2022
2023
2024  function init_common() {
2025
2026    // jquery plugin to change element types
2027    (function($) {
2028      $.fn.changeElementType = function(newType) {
2029        var attrs = {};
2030
2031        $.each(this[0].attributes, function(idx, attr) {
2032          attrs[attr.nodeName] = attr.nodeValue;
2033        });
2034
2035        this.replaceWith(function() {
2036          return $("<" + newType + "/>", attrs).append($(this).contents());
2037        });
2038      };
2039    })(jQuery);
2040
2041    // prevent underline for linked images
2042    $('a > img').parent().css({'border-bottom' : 'none'});
2043
2044    // mark non-body figures created by knitr chunks as 100% width
2045    $('.layout-chunk').each(function(i, val) {
2046      var figures = $(this).find('img, .html-widget');
2047      // ignore leaflet img layers (#106)
2048      figures = figures.filter(':not(img[class*="leaflet"])')
2049      if ($(this).attr('data-layout') !== "l-body") {
2050        figures.css('width', '100%');
2051      } else {
2052        figures.css('max-width', '100%');
2053        figures.filter("[width]").each(function(i, val) {
2054          var fig = $(this);
2055          fig.css('width', fig.attr('width') + 'px');
2056        });
2057
2058      }
2059    });
2060
2061    // auto-append index.html to post-preview links in file: protocol
2062    // and in rstudio ide preview
2063    $('.post-preview').each(function(i, val) {
2064      if (window.location.protocol === "file:")
2065        $(this).attr('href', $(this).attr('href') + "index.html");
2066    });
2067
2068    // get rid of index.html references in header
2069    if (window.location.protocol !== "file:") {
2070      $('.distill-site-header a[href]').each(function(i,val) {
2071        $(this).attr('href', $(this).attr('href').replace(/^index[.]html/, "./"));
2072      });
2073    }
2074
2075    // add class to pandoc style tables
2076    $('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('pandoc-table');
2077    $('.kable-table').children('table').addClass('pandoc-table');
2078
2079    // add figcaption style to table captions
2080    $('caption').parent('table').addClass("figcaption");
2081
2082    // initialize posts list
2083    if (window.init_posts_list)
2084      window.init_posts_list();
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2145<a class='title' href='/'>Labor Market Dualism</a>
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2149<a href='/schedule'>Schedule</a>
2150<a href='/syllabus'>Syllabus</a>
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2163<h1>Syllabus</h1>
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2170
2171<div class="d-article">
2172<div class="d-contents d-contents-float">
2173<nav class="l-text toc figcaption" id="TOC">
2174<h3>Contents</h3>
2175<ul>
2176<li><a href="#course-title-and-instructor" id="toc-course-title-and-instructor">Course title and instructor</a></li>
2177<li><a href="#background" id="toc-background">Background</a></li>
2178<li><a href="#purpose-and-contents-of-the-class" id="toc-purpose-and-contents-of-the-class">Purpose and contents of the class</a></li>
2179<li><a href="#prerequisites" id="toc-prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
2180<li><a href="#objective" id="toc-objective">Objective</a></li>
2181<li><a href="#selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class" id="toc-selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class">Selected literature to be used for the class</a></li>
2182</ul>
2183</nav>
2184</div>
2185<h2 id="course-title-and-instructor">Course title and instructor</h2>
2186<p><strong>Title:</strong> Unpacking precarious work: OECD case studies (Summer 2024)<br></p>
2187<p><strong>Instructor:</strong> <a href="https://kovsiannikov.com">Kostiantyn Ovsiannikov</a><br>
2188<strong>Email:</strong> <a href="mailto:[email protected]" class="email">[email protected]</a><br>
2189<strong>Office Hours:</strong> by appointment <br>
2190<strong>GitHub:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta">ko-suta</a> <br></p>
2191<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
2192<p>What defines a <strong><span style="color:darkred">decent job</span></strong>?
2193Quantitative dimension – labor cost – is the amount workers are paid to produce a unit of output.
2194Qualitatively, there are several factors is play.
2195They can be summarized under the umbrella of “social protection”.
2196Whereas labor cost has been by and large stagnant among the OECD states over the last two decades, the social guarantees have been gradually watered down.
2197One of the most prominent trends has been the increase in <strong><span style="color:darkred">non-regular employment</span></strong>.
2198This course aims at unpacking the phenomenon of <strong><span style="color:darkred">“precarious work”</span></strong>
2198 by analyzing the case studies of OECD states.
2199We will pay a particular attention to the <strong><span style="color:darkred">“dual (segmented) labor markets”</span></strong>, whereby, decent jobs coexist and depend on precarious forms of employment.</p>
2200<h2 id="purpose-and-contents-of-the-class">Purpose and contents of the class</h2>
2201<p>The proposed course will concentrate on the <strong><span style="color:darkred">labor dualism</span></strong> issue from the comparative perspective.
2202It will focus on the underlying causes as well as the socio-economic consequences of this phenomenon.
2203From an empirical point, it will investigate countries that range from those where low labor turnover costs are combined with representative industrial unions (e.g. Sweden), to those where labor bifurcation is relatively more rigid and centered on inter-corporate rather than industrial coordination (e.g. Japan).</p>
2204<p>According to the <strong><span style="color:darkred">“dual labor market hypothesis”</span></strong> formulated by <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003069720">Doeringer &amp; Piore (1971)</a>, employers often benefit from classifying their personnel into “internal” and “external” camps.
2205While the members of the internal labor market enjoy long-term career paths, on-the-job training and accompanying social benefits, external market is mostly composed of non-regular workers who can be fired relatively easy as part of the “optimization efforts” during the economic crises such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
2206<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
2207<p>The class will focus on the cutting-edge political and economic issues around the world.
2208It will therefore be of a particular interest to those willing to explore labor-related problems pertaining to different countries and to engage in the comparative analysis.
2209The offered course fits best into the <a href="https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/study/finding-a-course/transdisciplinary-competencies/transdisciplinary-course-program/bachelor/#c1397368">“Economic Thinking and Acting”</a> cluster of the Transdisciplinary Course Program.</p>
2210<h2 id="objective">Objective</h2>
2211<p>The comparative context of this course will go beyond mere geographic distinctions, focusing on institutional legacies that shape national responses to market challenges.
2212The students who complete this course will not only become familiar with OECD case studies but will also learn to apply, evaluate, and challenge such theories as <strong><span style="color:darkred">Varieties of Capitalism</span></strong> and <strong><span style="color:darkred">Political Economy of Labor Market Institutions</span></strong>.
2213Since the analyzed topics constitute the core of the SDG 8 and are among the priorities of the International Labor Organization (ILO), obtained knowledge will come in handy for those seeking employment in international organizations.</p>
2214<h2 id="selected-literature-to-be-used-for-the-class">Selected literature to be used for the class</h2>
2215<ul>
2216<li>Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Nonstandard employment relations: Part-time, temporary and contract work. <em>Annual review of sociology, 26</em>(1), 341-365.</li>
2217<li>Thelen, K., &amp; Kume, I. (2006). Coordination as a political problem in coordinated market economies. <em>Governance, 19</em>(1), 11-42.</li>
2218<li>Song, J. (2012). Economic distress, labor market reforms, and dualism in Japan and Korea. <em>Governance, 25</em>(3), 415-438.</li>
2219<li>Häusermann, S., Kurer, T., &amp; Schwander, H. (2015). High-skilled outsiders? Labor market vulnerability, education and welfare state preferences. <em>Socio-Economic Review, 13</em>(2), 235-258.</li>
2220<li>Eichhorst, W., Marx, P., &amp; Wehner, C. (2017). Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets? <em>Journal for Labour Market Research, 51</em>(1), 1-17.</li>
2221<li>Witt, M.A. &amp; Jackson, G., (2016). Varieties of Capitalism and institutional comparative advantage: a test and reinterpretation. <em>Journal of International Business Studies, 47</em>(7), pp.778-806.</li>
2222<li>Hudson, K. (2007). The new labor market segmentation: Labor market dualism in the new economy. <em>Social science research, 36</em>(1), 286-312.</li>
2223<li>Rueda, D. (2006). Social democracy and active labour-market policies: insiders, outsiders and the politics of employment promotion. <em>British Journal of Political Science, 36</em>(3), 385-406.</li>
2224</ul>
2225<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r distill-force-highlighting-css"><code class="sourceCode r"></code></pre></div>
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2229
2230<div class="d-appendix">
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2237<div class="appendix-bottom">
2238<h3 id="updates-and-corrections">Corrections</h3>
2239<p>If you see mistakes or want to suggest changes, please <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen/issues/new">create an issue</a> on the source repository.</p>
2240<h3 id="reuse">Reuse</h3>
2241<p>
2241Text and figures are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>. Source code is available at <a href="https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen">https://github.com/ko-suta/labor-dualism-tuebingen</a>, unless otherwise noted. The figures that have been reused from other sources don't fall under this license and can be recognized by a note in their caption: "Figure from ...".</p>
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