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40px;--chakra-sizes-1:0.25rem;--chakra-sizes-2:0.5rem;--chakra-sizes-3:0.75rem;--chakra-sizes-4:1rem;--chakra-sizes-5:1.25rem;--chakra-sizes-6:1.5rem;--chakra-sizes-7:1.75rem;--chakra-sizes-8:2rem;--chakra-sizes-9:2.25rem;--chakra-sizes-10:2.5rem;--chakra-sizes-12:3rem;--chakra-sizes-14:3.5rem;--chakra-sizes-16:4rem;--chakra-sizes-20:5rem;--chakra-sizes-24:6rem;--chakra-sizes-28:7rem;--chakra-sizes-32:8rem;--chakra-sizes-36:9rem;--chakra-sizes-40:10rem;--chakra-sizes-44:11rem;--chakra-sizes-48:12rem;--chakra-sizes-52:13rem;--chakra-sizes-56:14rem;--chakra-sizes-60:15rem;--chakra-sizes-64:16rem;--chakra-sizes-72:18rem;--chakra-sizes-80:20rem;--chakra-sizes-96:24rem;--chakra-sizes-px:1px;--chakra-sizes-0-5:0.125rem;--chakra-sizes-1-5:0.375rem;--chakra-sizes-2-5:0.625rem;--chakra-sizes-3-5:0.875rem;--chakra-sizes-max:max-content;--chakra-sizes-min:min-content;--chakra-sizes-full:100%;--chakra-sizes-3xs:14rem;--chakra-sizes-2xs:16rem;--chakra-sizes-xs:20rem;--chakra-sizes-sm:24rem;--chakra-sizes-md:28rem;--chakra-sizes-lg:32rem;--chakra-sizes-xl:36rem;--chakra-sizes-2xl:42rem;--chakra-sizes-3xl:48rem;--chakra-sizes-4xl:56rem;--chakra-sizes-5xl:64rem;--chakra-sizes-6xl:72rem;--chakra-sizes-7xl:80rem;--chakra-sizes-8xl:90rem;--chakra-sizes-prose:60ch;--chakra-sizes-container-sm:448px;--chakra-sizes-container-md:768px;--chakra-sizes-container-lg:1096px;--chakra-sizes-container-xl:1200px;--chakra-zIndices-hide:-1;--chakra-zIndices-auto:auto;--chakra-zIndices-base:0;--chakra-zIndices-docked:10;--chakra-zIndices-dropdown:1000;--chakra-zIndices-sticky:1100;--chakra-zIndices-banner:1200;--chakra-zIndices-overlay:1300;--chakra-zIndices-modal:1400;--chakra-zIndices-popover:1500;--chakra-zIndices-skipLink:1600;--chakra-zIndices-toast:1700;--chakra-zIndices-tooltip:1800;--chakra-transition-property-common:background-color,border-color,color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform;--chakra-transition-property-colors:background-color,border-color,color,fill,stroke;--chakra-transition-property-dimensions:width,height;--chakra-transition-property-position:left,right,top,bottom;--chakra-transition-property-background:background-color,background-image,background-position;--chakra-transition-easing-ease-in:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);--chakra-transition-easing-ease-in-out:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);--chakra-transition-duration-ultra-fast:50ms;--chakra-transition-duration-faster:100ms;--chakra-transition-duration-fast:150ms;--chakra-transition-duration-normal:200ms;--chakra-transition-duration-slow:300ms;--chakra-transition-duration-slower:400ms;--chakra-transition-duration-ultra-slow:500ms;--chakra-blur-none:0;--chakra-blur-sm:4px;--chakra-blur-base:8px;--chakra-blur-md:12px;--chakra-blur-lg:16px;
1--chakra-blur-xl:24px;--chakra-blur-2xl:40px;--chakra-blur-3xl:64px;--chakra-breakpoints-base:0em;--chakra-breakpoints-sm:360px;--chakra-breakpoints-md:768px;--chakra-breakpoints-lg:1096px;--chakra-breakpoints-xl:1200px;--chakra-breakpoints-2xl:1600px;--chakra-breakpoints-xs:320px;--chakra-breakpoints-3xl:2000px;--chakra-colors-primary:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-primary-button:var(--chakra-colors-brand-600);--chakra-colors-primary-button-hover:var(--chakra-colors-gray-900);--chakra-colors-primary-button-hover-text:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-secondary-button:var(--chakra-colors-brand-600);--chakra-colors-fg:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-fg-code:var(--chakra-colors-red-600);--chakra-colors-fg-link:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-500);--chakra-colors-fg-footer-link:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-fg-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-brandAlpha-800);--chakra-colors-bg:var(--chakra-colors-gray-50);--chakra-colors-bg-code:var(--chakra-colors-red-50);--chakra-colors-bg-callout:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-800);--chakra-colors-bg-post:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-800);--chakra-colors-bg-disclaimer:var(--chakra-colors-yellow-100);--chakra-colors-bg-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-border-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-brand-800);--chakra-colors-fg-search-footer:var(--chakra-colors-brand-300);--chakra-colors-fg-search-modal:var(--chakra-colors-brand-800);--chakra-colors-fg-search-hit-active:var(--chakra-colors-brand-800);--chakra-colors-fg-search-kbd:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);--chakra-colors-bg-search-footer-icon:var(--chakra-colors-brand-50);--chakra-colors-bg-search-footer:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-bg-search-modal:var(--chakra-colors-brand-50);--chakra-colors-bg-search-modal-input:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-bg-search-button:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);--chakra-colors-border-search-input:var(--chakra-colors-brand-400);}.chakra-ui-light :host:not([data-theme]),.chakra-ui-light :root:not([data-theme]),.chakra-ui-light [data-theme]:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=light] :host:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=light] :root:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=light] [data-theme]:not([data-theme]),:host[data-theme=light],:root[data-theme=light],[data-theme][data-theme=light]{--chakra-colors-chakra-body-text:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);--chakra-colors-chakra-body-bg:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-chakra-border-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-200);--chakra-colors-chakra-inverse-text:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-chakra-subtle-bg:var(--chakra-colors-gray-100);--chakra-colors-chakra-subtle-text:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.chakra-ui-dark :host:not([data-theme]),.chakra-ui-dark :root:not([data-theme]),.chakra-ui-dark [data-theme]:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] :host:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] 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[data-theme]:not([data-theme]),:host[data-theme=dark],:root[data-theme=dark],[data-theme][data-theme=dark]{--chakra-colors-chakra-body-text:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-900);--chakra-colors-chakra-body-bg:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);--chakra-colors-chakra-border-color:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-300);--chakra-colors-chakra-inverse-text:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);--chakra-colors-chakra-subtle-bg:var(--chakra-colors-gray-700);--chakra-colors-chakra-subtle-text:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-400);--chakra-colors-primary:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-primary-button:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-500);--chakra-colors-primary-button-hover:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-200);--chakra-colors-primary-button-hover-text:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-secondary-button:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-500);--chakra-colors-fg:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-fg-code:var(--chakra-colors-red-300);--chakra-colors-fg-link:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-fg-footer-link:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-fg-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-800);--chakra-colors-bg:var(--chakra-colors-gray-900);--chakra-colors-bg-code:var(--chakra-colors-brand-800);--chakra-colors-bg-callout:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);--chakra-colors-bg-post:var(--chakra-colors-brandAlpha-800);--chakra-colors-bg-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-border-email-input:var(--chakra-colors-black);--chakra-colors-fg-search-footer:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-fg-search-modal:var(--chakra-colors-white);--chakra-colors-fg-search-hit-active:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);--chakra-colors-fg-search-kbd:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);--chakra-colors-bg-search-footer-icon:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);--chakra-colors-bg-search-footer:var(--chakra-colors-brand-900);--chakra-colors-bg-search-modal:var(--chakra-colors-brand-800);--chakra-colors-bg-search-modal-input:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-bg-search-button:var(--chakra-colors-brand-700);--chakra-colors-border-search-input:var(--chakra-colors-cyan-200);}</style><style data-emotion="css-global fubdgu">html{line-height:1.5;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;touch-action:manipulation;}body{position:relative;min-height:100%;margin:0;font-feature-settings:"kern";}:where(*, *::before, *::after){border-width:0;border-style:solid;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word;}main{display:block;}hr{border-top-width:1px;box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}:where(pre, code, kbd,samp){font-family:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-color:transparent;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;}:where(b, 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6:where([type="checkbox"], [type="radio"]){box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{-webkit-appearance:none!important;}input[type="number"]{-moz-appearance:textfield;}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none!important;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}details{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}template{display:none;}[hidden]{display:none!important;}:where( 7 blockquote, 8 dl, 9 dd, 10 h1, 11 h2, 12 h3, 13 h4, 14 h5, 15 h6, 16 hr, 17 figure, 18 p, 19 pre 20 ){margin:0;}button{background:transparent;padding:0;}fieldset{margin:0;padding:0;}:where(ol, ul){margin:0;padding:0;}textarea{resize:vertical;}:where(button, [role="button"]){cursor:pointer;}button::-moz-focus-inner{border:0!important;}table{border-collapse:collapse;}:where(h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6){font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}:where(button, input, optgroup, select, textarea){padding:0;line-height:inherit;color:inherit;}:where(img, svg, video, canvas, audio, iframe, embed, object){display:block;}:where(img, video){max-width:100%;height:auto;}[data-js-focus-visible] :focus:not([data-focus-visible-added]):not( 21 [data-focus-visible-disabled] 22 ){outline:none;box-shadow:none;}select::-ms-expand{display:none;}:root,:host{--chakra-vh:100vh;}@supports (height: -webkit-fill-available){:root,:host{--chakra-vh:-webkit-fill-available;}}@supports (height: -moz-fill-available){:root,:host{--chakra-vh:-moz-fill-available;}}@supports (height: 100dvh){:root,:host{--chakra-vh:100dvh;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 1jixrj6">body{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-body);color:var(--chakra-colors-fg);background:var(--chakra-colors-bg);transition-property:background-color;transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-normal);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);}*::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color);}*::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color);}*:-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color);}*::placeholder{color:var(--chakra-colors-chakra-placeholder-color);}*,*::before,::after{border-color:var(--chakra-colors-chakra-border-color);}</style><style data-emotion="css-global slw173">::selection{color:white;text-shadow:none;background-color:#0085a1;}body{background-image:url(/images/[email protected]);-webkit-transition:all 200ms linear!important;transition:all 200ms linear!important;}@media (max-width: 30em){body{background-image:url(/images/light-bg-noise.png);}}img::selection{background-color:transparent;}blockquote{background:transparent!important;margin:10px 0!important;padding:0!important;}blockquote p{font-family:'Roboto'!important;font-size:1.125rem!important;color:#808080!important;font-style:italic;border-left:5px solid #eee;padding:10px 20px!important;}blockquote p:first-of-type,p:first-of-type{margin:0;}.ais-SearchBox-form input{font-family:'Space Mono'!important;font-size:1rem;padding:7px 24px;border-radius:0;width:100%;border:1px solid #1c1e2d;background-color:transparent;maxlength:512;}.ais-SearchBox-form input:focus{outline:2px solid #3182ce!important;background-color:#f7fafc;outline:none;box-shadow:none;transition-property:background-color,border-color,color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform;transition-duration:200ms;}.ais-SearchBox-form input:hover{border-color:#cbd5e0;transition-property:background-color,border-color,color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform;transition-duration:200ms;}.ais-SearchBox-submitIcon,.ais-SearchBox-resetIcon,.ais-SearchBox-loadingIndicator,.ais-Pagination-item--page{display:none!important;}.ais-SearchBox-form ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#212335!important;}.ais-SearchBox-form ::-moz-placeholder{color:#212335!important;}.ais-SearchBox-form :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#212335!important;}.ais-SearchBox-form ::placeholder{color:#212335!important;}.ais-Highlight-highlighted{background:#edcf61;padding:0 2px 0 2px;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1wfaczl">.css-1wfaczl{display:block;}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-1wfaczl{display:none;}}</style><div class="css-1wfaczl"><style data-emotion="css 1nt4j6b">.css-1nt4j6b{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;
22-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-3);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-3);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-3);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-3);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);background:var(--chakra-colors-bg);width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:99;box-shadow:inset 0px -2px 0px #ddd8;}</style><div class="css-1nt4j6b"><style data-emotion="css 4a6x12">.css-4a6x12{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid 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22<main><style data-emotion="css p9dn0j">.css-p9dn0j{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);line-height:1.33;margin-top:var(--chakra-space-16);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-16);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-3xl);text-align:center;}@media screen and (min-width: 360px){.css-p9dn0j{line-height:1.2;}}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-p9dn0j{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-1);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-5xl);}}</style><h1 class="chakra-heading css-p9dn0j">Ecosystem Support Program</h1><style data-emotion="css 1av33ac">.css-1av33ac{padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-start:0px;padding-inline-start:0px;-webkit-padding-end:0px;padding-inline-end:0px;}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-1av33ac{padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);}}</style><p class="chakra-text css-1av33ac">The Ecosystem Support Program (ESP) is the arm of the Ethereum Foundation focused on providing support, both financial and non-financial, to teams throughout the Ethereum ecosystem. See esp.ethereum.foundation for more!</p><style data-emotion="css 1yxf96z">.css-1yxf96z{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-14);grid-column-gap:var(--chakra-space-10);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}</style><div class="css-1yxf96z"><style data-emotion="css yl0pq7">.css-yl0pq7{grid-column:span 2/span 2;}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-yl0pq7{grid-column:span 1/span 1;}}</style><div class="css-yl0pq7"><style data-emotion="css 77madh">.css-77madh{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.5rem;margin-top:var(--chakra-space-5);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-5);}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><style data-emotion="css 8u19qt">.css-8u19qt{height:225px;-webkit-margin-start:0px;margin-inline-start:0px;-webkit-margin-end:0px;margin-inline-end:0px;position:relative;margin-bottom:calc(var(--chakra-space-6) * -1);z-index:9;}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-8u19qt{-webkit-margin-start:var(--chakra-space-4);margin-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-margin-end:var(--chakra-space-4);margin-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);}}</style><div class="css-8u19qt"><style data-emotion="css 1y5q4gd">.css-1y5q4gd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;top:calc(var(--chakra-space-3-5) * -1);left:0px;right:unset;z-index:9;}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.css-1y5q4gd{left:calc(var(--chakra-space-4) * -1);right:unset;}}</style><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1uh66ln">.css-1uh66ln{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-sm);background:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);height:30px;}</style><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">August 18, 2026</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1ij7zob">.css-1ij7zob{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-sm);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);background:#ef7463;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);height:30px;}.css-1ij7zob:hover,.css-1ij7zob[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;box-shadow:inset 0 -8px 0 #a5eaf5;}</style><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2026/08/18/allocation-q2-26"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q2 2026" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><style data-emotion="css 59wtqf">.css-59wtqf{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0.5rem;background-color:var(--chakra-colors-bg-post);border:var(--chakra-borders-1px);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><style data-emotion="css 1okda57">.css-1okda57{margin-top:5.5px;padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2-5);z-index:10;}</style><div class="css-1okda57"><style data-emotion="css tvu0ac">.css-tvu0ac{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:9px;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-2-5);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-2-5);
22-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-2-5);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-2-5);-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-lg);line-height:190%;color:var(--chakra-colors-white);background:var(--chakra-colors-brand-400);}.css-tvu0ac:hover,.css-tvu0ac[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-tvu0ac:focus-visible,.css-tvu0ac[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}[role=group]:hover .css-tvu0ac,[role=group][data-hover] .css-tvu0ac,[data-group]:hover .css-tvu0ac,[data-group][data-hover] .css-tvu0ac,.group:hover .css-tvu0ac,.group[data-hover] .css-tvu0ac{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;box-shadow:inset 0 -8px 0 #36364c;}</style><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2026/08/18/allocation-q2-26">Allocation Update - Q2 2026</a></div><style data-emotion="css 1y8927a">.css-1y8927a{padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-1-5);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-6);}</style><div class="css-1y8927a"><style data-emotion="css 1eam21a">.css-1eam21a{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);}</style><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><style data-emotion="css itbrjv">.css-itbrjv{padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-7);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-6);}</style><div class="css-itbrjv"><style data-emotion="css jxubeb">.css-jxubeb{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smBase);line-height:1.6rem;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:var(--chakra-line-clamp);--chakra-line-clamp:4;}</style><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 23Q2 2026 carried forward our focus on advancing Ethereumâs resilience and capabilities, supporting key work in zero-knowledge proofs, client diversity, formal verification, and open-source tooling. See the list below of the projects and ecosystem efforts supported this quarter as builders build and strengthen the network. 24 25Explore the full list of EF Funded Projects on the ESP website here!! 26 27</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">April 29, 2026</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2026/04/29/allocation-q1-26"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q1 2026" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2026/04/29/allocation-q1-26">Allocation Update - Q1 2026</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb">
28Q1 2026 continued our focus on strengthening Ethereumâs foundations, with sustained investment in core domains like cryptography, zero-knowledge proofs, security, and protocol research. See the list below of the projects and ecosystem efforts we supported this quarter as builders advance critical infrastructure, tools, and research across the network. 29 30Explore the full list of EF Funded Projects on the ESP website here! 31 32</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">January 27, 2026</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2026/01/27/allocation-q4-25"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q4 2025" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2026/01/27/allocation-q4-25">Allocation Update - Q4 2025</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 33Q4 2025 closed out the year with exciting growth across the ecosystem! Dive into the projects and community initiatives we supported this quarter and see what our grantees have been building: 34 35</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">December 2, 2025</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2025/12/02/allocation-q3-25"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q3 2025" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2025/12/02/allocation-q3-25">Allocation Update - Q3 2025</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb">
36Q3 2025 brought an exciting wave of innovation and community energy! Explore the projects we funded this quarter and the work theyâre advancing: 37 38</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">November 3, 2025</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2025/11/03/new-esp-grants"><img alt="Unveiling ESP's New Grants Program" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2025/11/03/new-esp-grants">Unveiling ESP's New Grants Program</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 39Over the past few years, the Ethereum ecosystem has grown in depth, diversity, and maturity. Builders and communities worldwide have pushed the boundaries of whatâs possible, creating new tools, protocols, and public goods that strengthen the network as a whole. As the ecosystem grows, our approach to supporting it must adapt as well. 40 41Today, weâre excited to share the next step in that journey: the Ecosystem Support Programâs (ESP) new grants program. 42 43This announcement builds on our earlier update, where we temporarily paused open grant applications to reassess our priorities and funding approach. During this time, we focused on designing a more targeted, impactful, and sustainable model that evolves alongside Ethereumâs growth. 44 45</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">August 29, 2025</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2025/08/29/esp-next-chapter"><img alt="The Ecosystem Support Program's Next Chapter" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2025/08/29/esp-next-chapter">The Ecosystem Support Program's Next Chapter</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 46The EFâs Grants Program launched in 2018 and has evolved over time to become the Ecosystem Support Program (ESP), providing grants and support to builders that help the Ethereum ecosystem thrive. Our mission is to enable work that strengthens Ethereumâs foun
46dations and empowers future builders, in domains such as developer tooling, research, community building, infrastructure, and open standards. 47 48In 2024 alone, ESP awarded close to $3M in funding to 105 projects and initiatives that came through our open grants program webforms. These grants, which are one part of ESPâs larger portfolio, supported a diverse range of work, such as Commit-Boost (developer tooling), BundleBear (data and analytics), Web3Bridge (education), ZK Playbook (research), and Ethereum Cypherpunk Congress (community event). 49 50Over the past three years, we have streamlined our processes</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">July 23, 2025</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2025/07/23/allocation-q2-25"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q2 2025" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2025/07/23/allocation-q2-25">Allocation Update - Q2 2025</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 51From grassroots gatherings to breakthrough projects, here's what we supported in Q2 2025! Scroll down to explore the work happening across the Ethereum ecosystem: 52 53</p></div></div></div></div><div class="css-yl0pq7"><div class="chakra-stack css-77madh" data-group="true"><div class="css-8u19qt"><div class="css-1y5q4gd"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1uh66ln">May 8, 2025</p></div><a class="chakra-link css-4a6x12" href="/category/ecosystem-support-program"><div class="css-0"><p class="chakra-text css-1ij7zob">ESP</p></div></a></div><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" tabindex="-1" href="/2025/05/08/allocation-q1-25"><img alt="Allocation Update - Q1 2025" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;object-fit:cover;color:transparent" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fethereum-hackmd%2Fupload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="chakra-stack css-59wtqf"><div class="css-1okda57"><a class="chakra-link css-tvu0ac" href="/2025/05/08/allocation-q1-25">Allocation Update - Q1 2025</a></div><div class="css-1y8927a"><p class="chakra-text css-1eam21a">by Ecosystem Support Program Team</p></div><div class="css-itbrjv"><p class="chakra-text css-jxubeb"> 54A new year means new momentum, and new grants! Take a look at the projects that received support in Q1 2025, listed below: 55 56</p></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css rw1w99">.css-rw1w99{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;
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56<script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"allPostsData":[{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing zkAPI: private usage credits for any API","date":"2026-10-01","author":"Vittorio Rivabella, dAI Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/2026/accesslayer.png"},"content":"\ntl;dr: zkAPI lets you pay for a metered API without being known. Deposit credits into an Ethereum vault once, then authorize bounded usage with zero-knowledge proofs instead of an identity. The provider sees the requests, and the payment layer sees the spend. Neither learns the link between them.\n\nThe [Open Anonymity Project](https://openanonymity.ai/) built it with the Ethereum Foundation, and it runs on Ethereum Mainnet today.\n","url":"/2026/10/01/introducing-zkapi"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Glamsterdam Testnet Announcement","date":"2026-09-28","author":"Protocol","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nGlamsterdam follows the [Fusaka upgrade](./2025-11-06-fusaka-mainnet-announcement.md), advancing Ethereum's L1 scaling roadmap with enshrined proposer-builder separation, block-level access lists, and changes to gas pricing that better reflect the cost of execution and state growth.\n\nThe Glamsterdam network upgrade is scheduled to activate on **Sepolia at epoch `353,024`, slot `11,296,768` (October 6, 2026, 13:53:36 UTC)**. See the [activation table](#glamsterdam-activation) below for the deployment schedule. Hoodi and mainnet activation dates have not yet been decided.\n\nSepolia-compatible client versions will be added to the [client release tables](#client-releases) as they are confirmed. Node operators must update both their execution and consensus layer clients before activation.\n","url":"/2026/09/17/glamsterdam-testnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Join Us: EF Protocol Reddit AMA - September 16th, 2026","date":"2026-09-09","author":"Ethereum Foundation Protocol Cluster","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/2026/protocol-post-3.png"},"content":"\nEvery year since January 2019, teams from the Ethereum Foundation have spent an afternoon or two on [r/ethereum](https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/) answering questions from the community. The format hasnât really changed: one thread, technical debates, detailed explanations, and community members asking whatever is on their mind. By now it is a tradition, and one of the more direct ways for the broader Ethereum community to hear from the people working on Ethereum's core development.\n\nThe next session takes place on September 16th, with researchers and devs from the Protocol cluster answering your questions.\n\nThe Glamsterdam hard fork is in public testing, the scope of Hegotá is being narrowed down, and the shape of the work beyond both upgrades is still being settled, so there is plenty to ask about.\n\nQuestions might","url":"/2026/09/09/reddit-ama"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF Protocol: The Hegotá EIP Opinion Post and Tier List","subtitle":"The EF Protocol clusterâs tier list for Hegotá evaluates 62 proposed EIPs in a unified view.","date":"2026-09-07","author":"Ethereum Foundation Protocol Cluster","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/2026/protocol-post-1.png","toc":true},"content":"\nThis is the EF Protocol clusterâs tier list for Hegotá. We evaluated the 62 EIPs proposed for inclusion, each with a tier and a short note on the grade.\n\nIt is the first time the cluster has published one unified view rather than per-team opinions. Geth, of course, being an EL client will still ship their own standalone tier list. However, they and the rest of the Protocol cluster (about 60 people in total) across research and engineering worked together to include their feedback in this post as a datapoint along with that of every other team and individual contributor that decided to participate.\n\nThe priorities that produced these grades are in the companion post, [*EF Protocol: Current and Emerging Priorities*](/2026/09/07/protocol-priorities).\n","url":"/2026/09/07/protocol-hegota-eips"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF Protocol: Current and Emerging Priorities","subtitle":"What the Protocol cluster is for, the commitments that govern its work through 2029, and what those commitments require of the forks now entering scope.","date":"2026-09-07","author":"Ethereum Foundation Protocol Cluster","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/2026/protocol-post-2.png","toc":true},"content":"\nIn [May](https://blog.ethereum.org/2026/05/11/protocol-update-may-26), the Protocol cluster welcomed a trio of new cluster coordinators and promised updates to follow. \n\nAfter months of settling in and aligning with contributors cluster-wide, across the EF and across the Ethereum ecosystem, we are now happy to share Protocol's priorities: what Protocol is for, the commitments that govern its work through 2029, and what those commitments require of the forks now entering scope.\n\nWith Glamsterdam approaching mainnet, Protocol has entered the Hegotá scoping season. We used the process described
56in an [August 28 post](https://x.com/corcoranwill/status/2093430419349766546): 62 EIPs proposed for inclusion, multiple Glamsterdam retrospectives, 16 contribution templates, and several cluster-wide working sessions. That process helped roughly 60 researchers and engineers to determine a shared set of priorities. Those priorities cover the longer-term roadmap and are","url":"/2026/09/07/protocol-priorities"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Glamsterdam Repricing Impact for Smart Contract Developers","subtitle":"The upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade includes gas repricings that could affect a small number of smart contracts.","date":"2026-08-24","author":"Ethereum Foundation Protocol Research, EthPandaOps, and Specifications teams","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_558cc2161e0fdd518bbcc61368cd0368.png"},"content":"","url":"/2026/08/24/glamsterdam-repricing-testing"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Raising machine-checked security benchmarks to advance hash-based SNARKs through agentic collaboration","subtitle":"better.codes is now live. Bring your own agents and raise the proven soundness of koalaIRS12 to advance post-quantum Ethereum.","date":"2026-08-20","author":"Ethereum Foundation Formal Verification team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n[better.codes](https://better.codes), an open autoresearch challenge built by the Ethereum Foundation Formal Verification team in collaboration with [Yukon](https://www.yukon.org/) and [zkSecurity](https://zksecurity.xyz/), is now live.\n\nbetter.codes takes a self-contained problem from the [Proximity Prize](https://proximityprize.org/) research, formalized in Lean, and puts its soundness bound on a public leaderboard that anyone can push forward.\n\nSolvers point their own AI agents at raising the machine-checked soundness bound of koalaIRS12, a ReedâSolomon proximity problem to advance modern succinct non-interactive proof systems (SNARKs).\n\nThe Lean kernel checks every submission and each promoted proof raises the bound toward the fixed 128-bit target. Each promoted proofâs new lemmas, proof techniques, and impossibility results are then upstreamed to advance progress for all solvers and agents.\n","url":"/2026/08/20/better-codes-challenge"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q2 2026","date":"2026-08-18","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nQ2 2026 carried forward our focus on advancing Ethereumâs resilience and capabilities, supporting key work in zero-knowledge proofs, client diversity, formal verification, and open-source tooling. See the list below of the projects and ecosystem efforts supported this quarter as builders build and strengthen the network.\n\nExplore the full list of EF Funded Projects on the [ESP website here!](esp.ethereum.foundation/funded-projects)!\n\n| Domain | Category | Project Name | Description | Link/Repo |\n|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|\n| DAOs/Governance | Research | Faculty Research Fellowship: Ethereum Studies (AY 2025â2026) | Enables Prof. Strnad to dedicate substantial research time to Ethereum-focused problems, including DAO governance, decentralized system administration, and optimistic rollup challenge periods, while advising OpenLab scholars. | |\n| Security | Research | EL+CL \u0026 Glamsterdam Security | Enhances Ethereum's security by proactively identifying vulnerabilities in","url":"/2026/08/18/allocation-q2-26"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the PlatÃ¥berget Testnet","date":"2026-08-17","author":"Protocol DevOps","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/2026/plataberget.webp"},"content":"\n_tl;dr:_ Meet PlatÃ¥berget: Glamsterdam's (Gloas + Amsterdam) early testing ground open to public participation. This upgrade comes with breaking changes for application developers. Notably, any tool that relies on a hardcapped maximum gas limit (think wallets, indexers and gas estimators) will break and needs to be updated. Please use this early opportunity to test
56!\n\nPlatÃ¥berget is a short-term testnet aimed for testing changes by the community. Unlike the short-lived devnets before it, PlatÃ¥berget is intended to run for a few months, giving the community a stable place to experiment with post-Glamsterdam Ethereum, and an opportunity to test and break things before Glamsterdam goes live on Ethereum's longer-lived testnets, Sepolia and Hoodi.\n","url":"/2026/08/17/plataberget-testnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing a Trillion Dollar Security grant for WEBCAT","subtitle":"A grant to Freedom of the Press Foundation supports the continued development of WEBCAT to help address the front-end verification gap for Ethereum wallets and apps.","date":"2026-08-05","author":"Ethereum Foundation Access Cluster","category":"Funding Coordination"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundationâs Trillion Dollar Security (1TS) initiative is proud to announce a grant allocation to [Freedom of the Press Foundation](https://freedom.press/) (FPF) to support the continued development of [WEBCAT](https://webcat.tech/). WEBCAT is an open source tool that lets browsers verify that code served by an enrolled website matches what its developers published. The grant will also help bring that protection to Ethereum wallets and apps.\n","url":"/2026/08/05/1ts-grant"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Board Update","date":"2026-07-29","author":"Ethereum Foundation Board","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_1b9690e36ff9d806d7645288a806e10e.png"},"content":"\nWe are pleased to share that [pcaversaccio (pc)](https://x.com/pcaversaccio) has joined the Ethereum Foundation Board.\n\npc is a long time contributor to the Ethereum ecosystem, a co-founder and lead of [SEAL 911](https://securityalliance.org/our-work/seal-911), and has been a member of the EF's [Silviculture Society](https://ethereum.foundation/silviculture-society), which provides informal counsel to EF aimed at sustaining the core values of censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security.\n\npcaversaccio authored [*The Ethereum Cypherpunk Manifesto*](https://hackmd.io/@pcaversaccio/the-ethereum-cypherpunk-manifesto), a 2024 adaptation of Eric Hughes' *A Cypherpunk's Manifesto* applied to Ethereum, [*Ethereum Privacy: The Road to Self-Sovereignty*](https://hackmd.io/@pcaversaccio/ethereum-privacy-the-road-to-self-sovereignty) (2025) and has helped advance security practices across the ecosystem through technical contributions and community advocacy.\n\nThe current board members now include **Aya Miyaguchi (President)**, **Vitalik Buterin (Founder)**, **Patrick Storchenegger (Swiss counsel)** and **pcaversaccio**.\n\nAs expressed in the [EF Mandate](https://ethereum.foundation/ef-mandate.pdf) released earlier this year,","url":"/2026/07/29/ef-board-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon 8 Tickets Are Live: Find Your Path to Mumbai","subtitle":"General Admission tickets are now available, alongside discounted pathways for students, Indian residents, Ethereum contributors, open-source builders, and more.","date":"2026-07-14","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_8ecdef046d526e026f90ca3c38b34c2c.png"},"content":"\nDevcon 8 tickets are live! ð®ð³\n\nThis November, the Ethereum community will gather in Mumbai for a more focused and intimate Devcon.\n\nDevcon gathers minds from across Ethereum and beyond: builders, researchers, maintainers, organizers, and anyone curious about the future of open technology. Across four days, you can expect deep conversations, hands-on workshops, and plenty of opportunities to learn from people with different backgrounds, perspectives, and areas of expertise.\n\nAnd there is more than one way to join us. You can purchase a **General Admission** ticket, claim an eligible **Community discount**, or apply through one of our **student, youth, or builder discounts**. Every ticket includes four-day conference access, catering throughout the event, and Devcon 8 swag.\n\nCheck out the information below on all tickets that are available today.\n","url":"/2026/07/14/devcon8-tickets"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The triage is the product: running AI agents against Ethereum's protocol code","date":"2026-07-09","author":"Nikos Baxevanis","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_1308f6baa08e4ef93223642f77ca329f.jpg"},"content":"\n*Notes from the Ethereum Foundation's Protocol Security team on running coordinated AI agents against real protocol code, including how we organize the work, what holds up under scrutiny, and what client teams and security researchers can take from it. This post stands on its own; later posts will go deeper on individual clients.*\n","url":"/2026/07/09/triage-is-the-product"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum for Governments and Institutions: Why neutral infrastru
56cture matters now","date":"2026-07-01","author":"Ethereum Foundation Global Policy Strategy","category":"Ecosystem Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_8584695c96f9a8856689d22eed9cec78.png"},"content":"\nCurrent global shifts clearly signal a critical need for shared, neutral digital public infrastructure outside the control of any single centralized actor. As a public, programmable network designed to operate without reliance on any single party, Ethereum was built to address precisely these needs. \n\nToday, the Ethereum Foundation Global Policy Strategy (GPS) team is publishing [\"Ethereum for Governments and Institutions\"](https://ethereum.org/reports/basics-for-governments-institutions.pdf), a guide for public sector and institutional leaders facing policy and deployment decisions. The report is a non-technical primer covering how Ethereum works, how it is governed, how it compares with perceived alternatives, and where it is already being deployed. This post introduces the report and answers the core questions that motivated its development: why digital infrastructure needs to be neutral and why Ethereum is","url":"/2026/07/01/ethereum-for-institutions"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The EFâs new structure","date":"2026-06-23","author":"Ethereum Foundation Management","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_558cc2161e0fdd518bbcc61368cd0368.png"},"content":"\nToday, the EF is changing shape, concluding a months-long process of reorganization as part of the implementation of the [Mandate](https://ethereum.foundation/ef-mandate.pdf) and the [Treasury Management Policy](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/04/ef-treasury-policy).\n\nWe come out of this process with the structure, activities, and people necessary for execution on the critical tasks ahead of us, but also with 54 fewer colleagues, roughly 20% of the EF, many of whom will be finding ways to contribute to Ethereum from outside the EF in the coming weeks. \n\nThis post provides a brief introduction to the new structure and details on how we are supporting the people who are leaving.","url":"/2026/06/23/ef-structure"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Clear Signing: Making Transaction Approvals Safer on Ethereum","date":"2026-05-12","author":"Hester Bruikman","category":"Security"},"content":"\n**An Ethereum Working Group consisting of wallet developers, security firms and the Ethereum Foundationâs Trillion Dollar Security Initiative today launched an open standard designed to end blind signing â a structural flaw that has contributed to billions in user losses, including the Bybit hack. Ethereum Foundationâs Trillion Dollar Security Initiative is taking an active role as a credibly neutral steward of the Clear Signing registry.**\n\n\n\nAcross major exploits in crypto and blockchain applications, the final step often isnât a bug in code, but a user approving a transaction. Even when phishing or an infrastructure compromise initiates the breach, the last step is typically a confirmation the user cannot meaningfully understand. Approving a transaction is meant to be the last line of defense when exercising control over","url":"/2026/05/12/clear-signing-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Protocol Cluster Updates: May 2026","date":"2026-05-11","author":"Will Corcoran, Kev Wedderburn, Fredrik","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nA semi-regular gathering of Ethereum core devs from various client teams, or [interop](https://blog.ethereum.org/2026/05/02/soldogn-interop-recap), recently took place in Svalbard, Norway. Over the week-long event, teams focused on hardening and preparation for the next upgrade, Glamsterdam. \n\nSeveral important milestones came out of the week, including: \n\n\n- 200M gas limit floor established: Credible post-Glamsterdam target derived from convergence of ePBS, BAL optimizations, and EIP-8037 repricing \n- ePBS stabilized: Multi-client Glamsterdam-devnet running with external builders pipeline tested end-to-e
56nd across nearly all clients \n- EIP-8037 finalized: Fixed cost\\_per\\_state\\_byte adopted; full repricing numbers delivered by Friday on bal-devnet-6 \n- Hegotá groundwork laid: FOCIL prototypes are functional; native AA requirements were scoped; the multi-client devnet is the immediate next step\n\nThe interop also marked the start of a leadership","url":"/2026/05/11/protocol-update-may-26"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Soldøgn Interop Recap âï¸","date":"2026-05-02","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://notes.ethereum.org/_uploads/B17NArz0Zg.jpg"},"content":"\nThis past week, just over 100 Ethereum core contributors gathered above the Arctic Circle â in Longyearbyen, Svalbard â for the Soldøgn Interop: a week of intense work on the Glamsterdam network upgrade.\n\nSoldøgn followed last year's [**Berlinterop**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/19/checkpoint-4), but returned to the format used by [**Amphora ðº**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone), [**Edelweiss ðï¸**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/02/07/edelweiss-interop-recap), and [**Nyota â¨**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/05/22/nyota-interop-recap): a single-track week of focused, multi-client progress toward a specific upgrade â in this case, hardening Glamsterdam.\n\nBy Friday, the group had delivered on its three core goals: alignment on a **post-Glamsterdam gas limit floor of 200M**, stable ePBS implementations running with external builders, and final EIP-8037 repricing numbers locked in. Meaningful progress was also made on Hegotá features like FOCIL and native account abstraction, as well as a slew of other topics. \n\n\n","url":"/2026/05/02/soldogn-interop-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Cohort 7 of the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship","date":"2026-04-30","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c50eca66747ace2cabf26db67a00de83.png"},"content":"\nTL;DR:\n\n* ð [Applications](https://epf.wiki/#/wiki/epf) for EPF7 are open until **May 13**\n* ð Review the [program details for EPF7](https://github.com/eth-protocol-fellows/cohort-seven/blob/main/program-guide/program-details.md)\n* ðï¸ An introductory [town hall](https://epf.wiki/#/wiki/epf?id=town-hall) will be held on **May 6** at **1500** UTC\n\n---\n\nWe are excited to announce that applications are now open for the seventh cohort of the [Ethereum Protocol Fellowship](https://ps.ethereum.foundation/fellowship) (EPF7).\n\nEPF provides a pathway for aspiring protocol developers to make meaningful contributions to Ethereum. In each cohort, a diverse group is assembled to work toward [advancing Ethereum's roadmap](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/) focused on the core properties that define Ethereum; censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security. This includes the development of client implementations, testing and specifications, and engaging with the latest core protocol research. With an overarching goal of finding placement for fellows in R\u0026D teams working on core","url":"/2026/04/30/epf-7"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q1 2026","date":"2026-04-29","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nQ1 2026 continued our focus on strengthening Ethereumâs foundations, with sustained investment in core domains like cryptography, zero-knowledge proofs, security, and protocol research. See the list below of the projects and ecosystem efforts we supported this quarter as builders advance critical infrastructure, tools, and research across the network. \n\nExplore the full list of EF Funded Projects on [the ESP website here](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/funded-projects)!\n\n| Domain ","url":"/2026/04/29/allocation-q1-26"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ETH Rangers Program Recap","date":"2026-04-16","author":"Protocol Security Team and Grants Management Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nIn late 2024, the Ethereum Foundation, together with [Secureum](https://www.secureum.xyz/), [The Red Guild](https://theredguild.org/), and [Security Alliance](https://securityalliance.org/) (SEAL), launched the [ETH Rangers Program](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/12/02/ethrangers-public-goods), an initiative to provide stipends for individuals doing public goods security work in the Ethereum ecosystem. \n\nThe goal of the program was straightforward: to fund independent efforts that enhance the resilience of the Ethereum ecosystem, and to recognize people with demonstrated track records of meaningful contributions to important security work that benef
56its Ethereum as a whole.\n\nNow that the six month ETH Rangers Program has wrapped up, we want to share the outcomes of the 17 stipend recipientsâ work. The breadth of their output is impressive, from vulnerability research and security tooling, to education, threat intelligence, and incident response. \n\nAcross recipient initiatives, consolidated outcomes include:","url":"/2026/04/16/eth-rangers-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #9: Apr 2026","date":"2026-04-10","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereum's All Core Developer calls can be a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for periodic high-level updates, depending on what's happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2026/01/20/checkpoint-8).\n\n\n\n","url":"/2026/04/10/checkpoint-9"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"How L1 and L2s can build the strongest possible Ethereum","date":"2026-03-23","author":"Josh Rudolf, Julian Ma, Josh Stark","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b0065dd9b949a11badbef9a4c8d51aeb.jpg"},"content":"\n*The North Star of the [Platform team](https://blog.ethereum.org/2026/02/17/platform) is for Ethereum to scale as a cohesive system and enable confident adoption by all users. This post is intended to share our perspective on the L1 \\\u003c\\\u003e L2 relationship, the roles of each layer, and how we (as an ecosystem) are leveraging the strengths of L1 \u0026 L2 to create the most compelling platform for all users. Some of this is already clear today, and some of this will need to be validated through ongoing experimentation and iteration with the community and users ð*.\n","url":"/2026/03/23/l1-l2-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Promise of Ethereum: Introducing the EF Mandate","date":"2026-03-13","author":"Ethereum Foundation Board","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_3b3943b70ed8ab0b09f7a3b0328fc98e.png"},"content":"\nDearest Friends,\n\nToday we are publishing [**the EF Mandate**](https://ethereum.foundation/ef-mandate.pdf), a document that serves as part constitution, part manifesto, and part guide for the Ethereum Foundation.\n\nIt is written primarily for the EF itself: to be clear about what we are here to do, the principles by which we make decisions, and what we must both do and refuse to do if we are to stay true to our mission.\n\nBut within it is also the story of a journey, from source to stars. It carries a message not only to the Ethereum ecosystem, but also to the broader field of technology and to friends and allies in the wider world, including those we have not yet met, but may come to recognize in time.\nEthereum started as a question:","url":"/2026/03/13/ef-mandate"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"This Is Fine (Until the Grant Runs Out)","subtitle":"Diversifying Funding for Ethereum-Related Public Goods","date":"2026-02-27","author":"Raul Romanutti, Funding Coordination Team","category":"Funding Coordination"},"content":"\nThe commons called. It wants a runway.\n\nEvery so often, in the blockchain worldâs usual cycle of funding scares, a team maintaining a widely used open source public good declares mayday. Libp2p is a core infrastructure stack that powers multiple Ethereum clients (among others) and a large part of Web3 infrastru
56cture. It was, not long ago, [one of the latest projects to put out a call for assistance as financial resources ran thin](https://x.com/Arcturus_f/status/1960327873136316833).\n\nEthereumâs public goods landscape (in the sense of [âteams building and open-sourcing things that are maximally valuable to our ecosystemâ](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/03/29/pubos.html)) has no shortage of talent: the ecosystem is full of professionals doing work that is deeply technical, widely relied upon, and chronically under-incentivized. These are the projects that quietly keep the ecosystem secure, reliable,","url":"/2026/02/27/project-odin"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Treasury Staking Initiative","date":"2026-02-24","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation has begun staking a portion of its treasury, [in line with](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/04/ef-treasury-policy#22-ether-deployments) its [Treasury Policy](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/04/ef-treasury-policy) announced last year.\n\nApproximately 70,000â¯ETH is being staked with rewards directed back to the EF treasury.\n","url":"/2026/02/24/staking"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Foundation's Commitment to DeFi","subtitle":"Supporting the builders shaping decentralized finance and strengthening Ethereum as the global financial settlement layer","date":"2026-02-23","author":"Charles St. Louis and App Relations Team","category":"Ecosystem Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_116f124710089285c27f8aa61cacb960.png"},"content":"\nDeFi isn't a speculative bet on the future. It's the inevitable evolution of finance, driven by a fundamental truth: financial autonomy is a right, not a privilege. And it's been a critical driver of Ethereum's growth and adoption.\n\nWe want to see DeFi thrive, but we're opinionated about what it should look like: permissionless, censorship-resistant, privacy-first, self-custodial, and open source. We recognize the challenges involved in fully getting to this pointâour role is to advocate for these principles, support teams working toward them, showcase the ones doing it, and be clear about how to get there and why it matters.\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation believes in [Defipunk](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/04/ef-treasury-policy): not finance that's marginally better than TradFi, but finance that couldn't exist without Ethereum.\n","url":"/2026/02/23/commitment-to-defi"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Protocol Priorities Update for 2026","date":"2026-02-18","author":"Protocol track leads","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nWe [introduced Protocol](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/02/announcing-protocol) last June which organized our work around three strategic initiatives: Scale L1, Scale Blobs, and Improve UX. A lot has happened since then! In this post, we want to share what we accomplished last year, how our thinking has evolved, and where Protocol is headed in 2026.\n","url":"/2026/02/18/protocol-priorities-update-2026"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Platform Team at EF","date":"2026-02-17","author":"Josh Rudolf","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_83f7261d7ab310511251a956f3930f05.jpg","order":1},"content":"\nPlatform is a new team inside the EF with one goal:\n\nDeliver the strongest possible Ethereum platform, where L1 and L2s are best positioned to support users, apps, and all organizations building on Ethereum. This requires improving the L1 \\\u003c\\\u003e L2 relationship, so that we grow as a mutually reinforcing system across each layer. \n\nSince the rollup-centric roadmap was first proposed 5 years ago, an ecosystem of chains has grown up around the Ethereum L1. The early mental model of rollups has given way to a network of differentiated L2s, each with distinct and valuable economies, extending Ethereumâs core properties to millions of users. \n\nAs Ethereum matures, we must do more to deliver a cohesive platform that fully leverages the unique capabilities of Ethereum as a","url":"/2026/02/17/platform"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Studies 2026","date":"2026-02-17","author":"Josh Davis and Mario Havel","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_90861cf71a023ade96e2cc7fb49b82e1.png","order":2},"content":"\n*tl;dr*: Ethereum Protocol Studies returns for 2026 with new content tracks in cryptography, lean consensus and zkEVM, plus a new self-paced learning platform. The program [kicks off February 23rd](
56https://calendar.app.google/tgTi2sM2sXUAb3kV9). Visit [epf.wiki](https://epf.wiki) to get started.\n\nEthereum Protocol Studies (EPS) is back. Since launching as a 10-week study group ahead of EPF5, EPS has grown into the primary educational on-ramp for anyone looking to understand Ethereum's core protocol. Hundreds of participants have used the program to go from general Ethereum familiarity to reading specs, navigating client codebases, and contributing to protocol development.\n\nThis year's program expands in both depth and format. EPS 2026 introduces two new content tracks covering areas of the protocol that are increasingly central to Ethereum's roadmap, alongside a self-paced learning platform that makes the curriculum","url":"/2026/02/17/ethereum-protocol-studies-26"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Executive Leadership Update","date":"2026-02-13","author":"Ethereum Foundation Board","category":"Organizational","order":1},"content":"\nToday, we are announcing a transition in the executive leadership team at the Ethereum Foundation.\nAfter extensive contributions to the Foundationâs mission and operations, Tomasz StaÅczak has decided to step down from his role as Co-Executive Director. The Foundationâs Board has appointed Bastian Aue to serve as interim Co-Executive Director, effective immediately.\n\nTomasz joined the management team during a critical period of growth and maturation for the Foundation. His strategic guid
56ance helped expand our ability to reach out to broad groups of people and teams, and for the EF to understand businesses in the ecosystem more deeply. He also brought a sense of urgency and focus, helped organize EF teams to work more efficiently, and expanded enterprise community development. Through his quick execution, he achieved a remarkable","url":"/2026/02/13/leadership-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An update from Tomasz","date":"2026-02-13","author":"Tomasz StaÅczak","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_be6cab3b391500de08002adcf32a472e.jpg","order":2},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\nI am stepping down from my co-ED role at the EF at the end of February 2026. Bastian Aue is taking over the co-ED role alongside Hsiao-Wei. The future is bright for builders, for Ethereum, for the EF, and for me. \n","url":"/2026/02/13/tomasz-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing the EF Academic Secretariat 2026 PhD Fellowship","date":"2026-02-05","author":"Shyam Sridhar and Theo Beutel","category":"Ecosystem Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7fcfd8aba69c0ff3335945801ca4d335.png"},"content":"\nThe EF's Academic Secretariat team is proud to announce the launch of the inaugural PhD Fellowship Program, a pioneering initiative aimed at empowering and expanding the frontiers of Ethereum-related academic research, by supporting Ethereum-related academic work led by PhD students. \n\n","url":"/2026/02/05/phd-fellowship"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Trillion Dollar Security Day at Devconnect","date":"2026-02-03","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nDuring Devconnect Buenos Aires, the Ethereum Foundation and [Secureum](https://x.com/TheSecureum) TrustX brought together Ethereum security practitioners for Trillion Dollar Security Day, a focused event exploring what it would take to securely support a trillion-dollar Ethereum economy.\n\nThe event brought together around eighty participants from across the Ethereum Security Ecosystemâspanning Infrastructure, Interoperability, Layer 1 \u0026 2, Onchain, Offchain, Privacy, and Walletsâto assess the current security landscape, surface shared challenges, and identify concrete next steps across the stack.\n\nThe discussions and outputs from this event contribute to the Ethereum Foundationâs ongoing One Trillion Dollar Security (1TS) initiative.\n","url":"/2026/02/03/1ts-day-devconnect-ba"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q4 2025","date":"2026-01-27","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nQ4 2025 closed out the year with exciting growth across the ecosystem! Dive into the projects and community initiatives we supported this quarter and see what our grantees have been building:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Cal Hacks 12.0](https://www.calhacks.io/)||Collegiate hackathon organized at the University of California, Berkeley covering themes such as AI and web3.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Destino Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/destino)||Grants round focused on supporting community-led events and initiatives that help bring Argentina and the broader Latin America region onchain.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[ETH Latam Hackathon Brasil 2025](https://taikai.network/ethsamba/hackathons/ethlatam25/overview)|[ETHSamba](https://x.com/ethsamba)|Hackathon hosted in São Paulo, Brazil prioritizing real-world Ethereum and onboarding new builders.|[Email](mailto:[email protected])|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Funding the Commons: Buenos Aires 2025](https://www.fundingthecommons.io/ba2025)||Conference hosted in Buenos Aires, Argentina revolving around RealFi: financial infrastructure designed for real-world coordination, access, and public goods funding.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[High Assurance Crypto Software (HACS) Workshop 2026](https://www.hacs-wor
56kshop.org/)||Workshop organized","url":"/2026/01/27/allocation-q4-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #8: Jan 2026","date":"2026-01-20","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-8 weeks, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/11/15/checkpoint-7).*\n\n\n\nIf you enjoy reading core development updates, you may also be keen to learn that Forkcast now [publishes call summaries, chats and transcripts](https://forkcast.org/calls/) for each All Core Dev (ACD) call and some breakout calls, usually available within a couple hours of the call.\n","url":"/2026/01/20/checkpoint-8"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon 8 is coming to Mumbai, India in November 2026","date":"2025-12-23","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d4c43ee91710f85b175ea9ae75b30c9f.png"},"content":"\n[Devcon](https://devcon.org/en/), the Ethereum communityâs annual global gathering for builders, will take place from **3-6 November 2026 at the [JIO World Center](https://www.jioworldcentre.com/) in Mumbai, India**.\n\nThis Devcon 8 update is not a full vision, but will help organizers and the wider ecosystem plan. More details on programming, tracks, and participation will follow in the coming months.\n","url":"/2025/12/23/devcon-mumbai"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Hegota Upgrade EIP Proposal Timelines","date":"2025-12-22","author":"Protocol Support team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nFusaka shipped [PeerDAS](https://x.com/ethereum/status/1998849926210678830) in addition to a myriad of minor features and Glamsterdamâs major features will include Block-level Access Lists and enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation.\n\nNow we begin outlining the subsequent upgrade: [Hegotá](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-8081).\n","url":"/2025/12/22/hegota-timeline"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Shipping an L1 zkEVM #2: The Security Foundations","date":"2025-12-18","author":"George Kadianakis","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n*Thanks to Arantxa Zapico, Benedikt Wagner, and Dmitry Khovratovich from the EF cryptography team for their contributions, and to Ladislaus, Kev, Alex, and Marius for the careful review and feedback.*\n\n---\n\nThe zkEVM ecosystem has been sprinting for a year. And it worked! We crossed the finish line for real-time proving!\n\nNow comes the next phase: building something mainnet-grade.\n","url":"/2025/12/18/zkevm-security-foundations"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Future of Ethereumâs State","date":"2025-12-16","author":"Wei Han Ng, Carlos Pérez and the Stateless Consensus team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"*Disclaimer: The following blog is a proposal from the Stateless Consensus team. Content may not imply consensus views, and the EF is a broad organization that includes a healthy diversity of opinion across Protocol and beyond that together strengthen Ethereum. Special thanks to Ladislaus von Daniels and Marius van der Wijden for reviewing this article.*\n\nEthereum has grown from a small experimental network into a critical piece of global infrastructure. Every day it settles billions of dollars in value, coordinates thousands of applications, and anchors an entire ecosystem of L2s.\n\nAll of this ultimately relies on a single underlying component: **state**.\n","url":"/2025/12/16/future-of-state"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect Argentina Recap","subtitle":"The biggest global Ethereum gathering, a first-of-its-kind Worldâs Fair, and thousands of different experiences","date":"2025-12-04","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_1c3b8dfb30c6ab02602f40f675d59422.jpeg"},"content":"\n[Devconnect Buenos Aires](https://devconnect.org/) wrapped up as the largest Ethereum Foundation event yet, bringing together a global mix of developers, founders, creators, and curious newcomers.\n","url":"/2025/12/04/devconnect-arg-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q3 2025","date":"2025-12-02","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nQ3 2025 brought an exciting wave of innovation and community energy! Explore the projects we funded this quarter and the work theyâre advancing:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Bluechip25](https://conference.bluechip.org/past-event-bluechip25)||Conference hosted in Vienna, Austria dedicated to crypto safety, learning and sharing best practices, and setting new benchmarks for trust and transparency.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[BuildETH](https://www.buildeth.io/)||Conference focused on Ethereum infrastru
56cture, DeFi primitives and protocols, AI agents, and new financial rails for digital assets organized in San Francisco, USA.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[DeFi Security Summit](https://defisecuritysummit.org/)||Technical conference in Buenos Aires, Argentina diving into the education and technical advances in securing dapps on top of blockchain technology.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Destino Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/destino)||Grants round focused on supporting community-led events and initiatives that help bring Argentina and the broader Latin America region onchain.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[dEVMatch 2025](https://devmatch2025.apubcc.org/)|[APU Blockchain \u0026 Cryptocurrency Club (APUBCC)](https://apubcc.org/)|Student-run hackathon","url":"/2025/12/02/allocation-q3-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Making Ethereum Feel Like One Chain Again","date":"2025-11-18","author":"Yoav Weiss and Account \u0026 Chain Abstraction Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_e61f585e8da437595b779f03a5ccbf47.jpeg"},"content":"\n*Disclaimer: The following blog is a proposal from the Account Abstraction team. Content may not imply consensus views, and the EF is a broad organization that includes a healthy diversity of opinion across Protocol and beyond that together strengthen Ethereum.*\n\n---\n\nSince the early days of Ethereum, the promise has always been bold: a global, permissionless, censorship-resistant computing platform. Today, that promise is more al
56ive than ever. Ethereum has scaled through rollups, where blockspace is abundant and transactions are cheap. The challenge now is not just throughput, but **seamless user experience** across that multichain horizon.\n\nWhat if all the L2s **felt like a single, unified Ethereum**? \n\nNo bridges to think about, no chain names to recognize, no fragmented balances or assets.\n\nThatâs the vision of the **Ethereum Interop","url":"/2025/11/18/eil"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #7: Nov 2025","date":"2025-11-15","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-6 weeks, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/10/01/checkpoint-6).*\n\n\n\nIf you enjoy reading core development updates, you may also be keen to learn that Forkcast now [publishes call summaries, chats and transcripts](https://forkcast.org/calls/) for each All Core Devs call, usually available within a couple hours of the call. \n","url":"/2025/11/15/checkpoint-7"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fusaka Mainnet Announcement","date":"2025-11-06","author":"Protocol Coordination Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_54231a81643afd63e1e9b43fa472ccc3.png"},"content":"\nFusaka follows this year's [Pectra upgrade](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/04/23/pectra-mainnet), representing a major step forward in Ethereum's scaling roadmap that improves L1 performance, increases blob throughput, and enhances user experience.\n\nThe Fusaka network upgrade is scheduled to activate on the Ethereum mainnet at slot `13,164,544` (December 3, 2025, 21:49:11 UTC). Fusaka also introduces Blob Parameter Only (BPO) forks to safely scale blob throughput after PeerDAS activation. These are minimal, config-only upgrades that adjust the blob target/max and fee update fraction. See the [activation table](#fusaka-activation) below for further details.\n\nThe Fusaka mainnet client releases are listed [below](#client-releases).\n","url":"/2025/11/06/fusaka-mainnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"2 weeks to Devconnect: Everything you need to know","date":"2025-11-04","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_dd74bd795d41c4b14292d9cc8bde8d0e.jpeg"},"content":"\nIn two weeks, we open the doors to [the first-ever Ethereum Worldâs Fair](https://devconnect.org/) at La Rural in Buenos Aires.\n\nThis year isnât about someday. Itâs about now. On Ethereum today you can pay, play, vote, save, borrow, lend, and chat, all onchain â and at Devconnect youâll experience that shift hands-on, IRL. \nBuenos Aires is the right backdrop for this moment: a city where crypto is part of daily life and where builders are ready to show whatâs live.\n\nBelow is your guide to whatâs inside the fairgrounds, how to plan your week, and what to do before you arrive.\n\n\n","url":"/2025/11/04/devconnect-arg"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Unveiling ESP's New Grants Program","date":"2025-11-03","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_be2cc88d206ac6f9152bc1443d3adea5.jpg"},"content":"\nOver the past few years, the Ethereum ecosystem has grown in depth, diversity, and maturity. Builders and communities worldwide have pushed the boundaries of whatâs possible, creating new tools, protocols, and public goods that strengthen the network as a whole. As the ecosystem grows, our approach to supporting it must adapt as well.\n\nToday, weâre excited to share the next step in that journey: the [Ecosystem Support Program](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/)âs (ESP) new grants program.\n\nThis announcement builds on our earlier [update](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/08/29/esp-next-chapter), where we temporarily paused open grant applications to reassess our priorities and funding approach. During this time, we focused on designing a more targeted, impactful, and sustainable model that evolves alongside Ethereumâs growth.\n\n","url":"/2025/11/03/new-esp-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fusaka Update â Transaction Gas Limit Cap arrives with EIP-7825","date":"2025-10-21","author":"Toni Wahrstätter","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nStarting with the upcoming **[Fusaka](https://ethereum.org/roadmap/fusaka/) hard fork**, **[EIP-7825](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7825)** introduces a **per-transaction gas limit cap of 2²ⴠ(â 16.78 million gas)**.\n\nThis change is **already live on Holesky and
56Sepolia**, and will activate on **mainnet with Fusaka**.\n\nDevelopers and users who rely on very large transactions should verify that their contracts and transaction builders conform to the new cap.\n\n---\n","url":"/2025/10/21/fusaka-gascap-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fusaka Update - Information for Blob users","date":"2025-10-15","author":"Marius van der Wijden","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\ntl;dr: Over the last couple of days, some L2s noticed that their deployments on Sepolia didn't work properly anymore. This is due to **[EIP-7594](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7594) which changes the format for proofs**. In anticipation of Fusaka, we urge all blob originators to update their software to create **Cell Proofs** instead of blob proofs.\n","url":"/2025/10/15/fusaka-blob-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the 2026 EF Internship","date":"2025-10-14","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b0bf33e0c3811ac246a522b38720e892.png"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation has opened applications for the 2026 Internship Program: a paid, full-time opportunity to work directly with teams advancing the Ethereum protocol and ecosystem.\n\nInterns will join EF teams for 12 weeks over the summer, contributing to active R\u0026D and ecosystem-oriented projects across a wide range of focus areas. The internship is open to candidates worldwide and can be completed remotely or from EFâs offices. A summer meetup will bring the cohort together to connect in person.\n","url":"/2025/10/14/internship-2026"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Supporting privacy with new funding mechanisms","date":"2025-10-09","author":"Vinay Vasanji","category":"Funding Coordination"},"content":"\nThe Funding Coordination team is excited to announce a joint initiative with Keyring Network that introduces a new approach to impact funding in the Ethereum ecosystem.\n","url":"/2025/10/09/new-funding-mechanisms"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Foundationâs Commitment to Privacy","subtitle":"Privacy is for everyone","date":"2025-10-08","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d0fb6edaaada33833c2717eeace9e8ac.jpeg"},"content":"\nPrivacy is the freedom to choose what you share, when you share it, and who you share it with. We all take this for granted in daily life: closing the door to a room, casting a secret ballot, or speaking privately with a friend. But online and onchain, these protections are often missing. \n\nEthereum was created to be the foundation of digital trust, one that is worthy of civilizational scale. For that trust to remain credible, privacy must be part of its core, the EF, along with dozens of Ethereum teams focused on privacy, are proud to support this cause.. \n","url":"/2025/10/08/privacy-commitment"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #6: Oct 2025","date":"2025-10-01","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-5 weeks, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/07/29/checkpoint-5).*\n\n\n","url":"/2025/10/01/checkpoint-6"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Privacy Cluster Leadership Announcement","subtitle":"Organizing for scale and impact","date":"2025-10-01","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nToday we are proud to announce a new leadership structure for privacy-related efforts at the Ethereum Foundation:\n\n* [**Igor Barinov**](https://x.com/barinov) joins as coordinator of **Privacy @ EF**, guiding strategy and alignment across privacy-focused efforts including PSE and more. Igor has over a decade of experience in the Ethereum ecosystem as foun
56der of Blockscout, Gnosis Chain, and zkBob, and is a strong advocate for open-source and privacy.\n\n* [**Andy Guzman**](https://x.com/AndyGuzmanEth) will now serve as coordinator of the [**(PSE)**](https://pse.dev/) **team**, taking over from [Sam Richards](https://x.com/samonchain) and leading applied cryptography, research, and development. Andy has been with PSE/EF since 2022 and has led various key product \u0026 strategy initiatives since. \n\nTogether, Igor and Andy will help ensure Ethereumâs privacy work is impactful, coherent, and accountable. \n","url":"/2025/10/01/privacy-cluster-leads"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fusaka Testnet Announcement","date":"2025-09-26","author":"Protocol Coordination Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_54231a81643afd63e1e9b43fa472ccc3.png"},"content":"\nFusaka follows this year's [Pectra upgrade](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/02/14/pectra-testnet-announcement), representing a major step forward in Ethereum's scaling roadmap by introducing PeerDAS and key improvements that enhance blob throughput, L1 performance, and user experience.\n\nThis post announces the testnet activation schedule for the first three testnets, beginning with Holesky at slot `5,283,840` (October 1, 2025, 08:48:00 UTC). See the [activation table](#fusaka-activation) below for the complete Sepolia and Hoodi timeline. Fusaka also introduces Blob Parameter Only (BPO) forks to safely scale blob throughput after PeerDAS activation. These are minimal, config-only upgrades that adjust the blob target/max and fee update fraction. \n\nThe Fusaka testnet client releases are listed [below](#client-releases). Once all three testnets have successfully upgraded, a mainnet activation slot will be chosen.\n","url":"/2025/09/26/fusaka-testnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the districts of the Ethereum Worldâs Fair","date":"2025-09-18","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_4783c1164114fecbdc52556f5a45c6c0.jpeg"},"content":"\nWorldâs Fairs have historically showcased the biggest innovations of their time like telephones, televisions, photography, and light bulbs. In this spirit, [Ethereum gets its own Worldâs Fair this November in Buenos Aires.](https://devconnect.org/) A week where the ecosystem doesnât just talk about innovation, but showcases whatâs being built now, and whatâs next. Weâre creating a space to see, touch, and experience the frontier of technology. A Worldâs Fair that showcases what Ethereum can do today.\n","url":"/2025/09/18/ethereum-worlds-fair"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fusaka $2,000,000 Audit Contest!","date":"2025-09-15","author":"Ethereum Protocol Security Research Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nToday, we are excited to announce the start of the Fusaka audit contest, co-sponsored by [Gnosis](https://www.gnosis.io/) and [Lido](https://lido.fi/), hosted on [Sherlock](https://sherlock.xyz/ethereumfusakacontest), and running for four weeks from September 15th. The goal is simple: maximize scrutiny of the Fusaka upgrade and surface vulnerabilities before they can impact the network.\n\nTo raise the stakes, valid findings reported in the first week have a **2x multiplier** applied to their points rewarded, and those in the second week have a **1.5x** multiplier. To help security researchers, weâve prepared a [Fusaka auditor guide](https://notes.ethereum.org/@fredrik/fusaka-auditor-guide).\n","url":"/2025/09/15/fusaka-audit-content"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"HoleÅ¡ky Testnet Shutdown Announcement","date":"2025-09-01","author":"Protocol Coordination Team","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nAs [previously announced](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/03/18/hoodi-holesky), the HoleÅ¡ky testnet has reached its planned end-of-life date and will be sunset shortly. **The vast majority of remaining validator nodes will be shut down 2 weeks after the Fusaka upgrade has finalized on HoleÅ¡ky. After this, HoleÅ¡ky will no longer be supported by client, testing or infrastru
56cture teams.**\n\nFollowing the launch of the [Hoodi testnet](https://hoodi.ethpandaops.io/) in March 2025, infrastructure providers and staking operators have had the opportunity to migrate their testing operations.\n","url":"/2025/09/01/holesky-shutdown-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ecosystem Support Program's Next Chapter","date":"2025-08-29","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_aebd967030c7370d366441f018e8109a.jpg"},"content":"\nThe EFâs Grants Program launched in 2018 and has evolved over time to become the [Ecosystem Support Program](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/) (ESP), providing grants and support to builders that help the Ethereum ecosystem thrive. Our mission is to enable work that strengthens Ethereumâs foundations and empowers future builders, in domains such as developer tooling, research, community building, infrastructure, and open standards.\n\nIn 2024 alone, ESP awarded close to $3M in funding to 105 projects and initiatives that came through our open grants program webforms. These grants, which are one part of ESPâs larger portfolio, supported a diverse range of work, such as [Commit-Boost](https://github.com/Commit-Boost) (developer tooling), [BundleBear](https://www.bundlebear.com/eip7702-overview/all) (data and analytics), [Web3Bridge](https://www.web3bridgeafrica.com/) (education), [ZK Playbook](https://docs.attest.org/docs/category/zk-playbook) (research), and [Ethereum Cypherpunk Congress](https://congress.web3privacy.info/) (community event).\n\nOver the past three years, we have streamlined our processes","url":"/2025/08/29/esp-next-chapter"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Protocol Update 003 â Improve UX","date":"2025-08-29","author":"Barnabé Monnot, Josh Rudolf","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nA few months ago, we [announced](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/02/announcing-protocol) a renewed focus of Protocol on three strategic initiatives: Scale L1, Scale blobs, Improve UX. Following previous updates on [Scale L1](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/08/05/protocol-update-001) and [Scale blobs](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/08/22/protocol-update-002), this note relates to our âImprove UXâ track, and its mission:\n\n**Seamless, secure and permissionless experience across the Ethereum ecosystem, for individuals and institutions.**\n\nWe see interoperability, and related projects presented in this note, as the highest leverage opportunity within the broader UX domain over the next 6-12 months, in our position as a public, core Ethereum R\\\u0026D group.\n\nThe near-term strategy focuses on areas we believe will continue to be fundamental components of interop: Intent-based architecture and general message-passing. For both, our aim is to focus on clear, measurable protocol metrics to drive down latency and cost,","url":"/2025/08/29/protocol-update-003"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Protocol Update 002 - Scale Blobs","date":"2025-08-22","author":"Alex Stokes, Raúl Kripalani, Francesco DâAmato","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nFollowing up from [Protocol Update 001](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/08/05/protocol-update-001), weâd like to introduce our approach to blob scaling. The L1 serves as a robust foundation for L2 systems to scale Ethereum, and a necessary component of secure L2 solutions is data availability provided by the L1. Data availability ensures that updates L2s make back to the L1 can be verified by anyone. Blobs are the unit of data availability in the protocol today, so scaling the blob count per block is a key requirement to usher in a wave of L2 adoption for use cases like real-time payments, DeFi, social media, gaming, and AI/agentic applications.\n\nOur work is structured as a series of incremental changes to Ethereumâs blob architecture. To accelerate our rate of scaling, we are expanding from","url":"/2025/08/22/protocol-update-002"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Trillion Dollar Security - Phase 2","date":"2025-08-20","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nSince announcing the [Trillion Dollar Security project](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/05/14/trillion-dollar-security), we have surveyed the ecosystem to understand which improvements are highe
56st priority to every layer of the Ethereum stack and community.\n\nNow it is time to begin the next phase of this initiative: acting on the highest priority issues we face. \n\nFor this first wave of actions, we will mostly focus on UX issues. Our research showed these to be the most urgent issues facing both individual and institutional users of Ethereum and Ethereum-based applications.\n\nDuring this first wave we will kick off a range of work targeting crucial areas in UX security. The work we begin today is a combination of high leverage short-term actions and long-term projects that we expect will continue for years. We intend to regularly","url":"/2025/08/20/trillion-dollar-sec-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Join Us: EF Protocol Reddit AMA - August 29th, 2025","date":"2025-08-15","author":"The Protocol cluster","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nSince January 2019, the Ethereum Foundation has held a tradition of engaging directly with the community through our \"Ask Us Anything\" (AMA) series on Reddit, occurring roughly every six months. These AMAs, previously hosted by the EF Research team, have provided a forum for deep dives into the protocol's evolving landscape, direct Q\\\u0026A with core contributors, and a transparent look into the ongoing work shaping Ethereum.\n\nWe are excited to announce the continuation of this tradition. The next AMA will be hosted by the **EF Protocol** cluster teams, reflecting the evolution of our organizational structure. While \"EF Research\" accurately described our focus on foundational research, \"EF Protocol\" encompasses both the cutting-edge research that explores Ethereum's future as well as the critical development efforts that bring these","url":"/2025/08/15/protocol-ama"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Protocol Update 001 â Scale L1","date":"2025-08-05","author":"Ansgar Dietrichs, Tim Beiko, Marius van der Wijden","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nIn June, we introduced [Protocol](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/02/announcing-protocol), reorganizing the Ethereum Foundationâs research \u0026 development teams to better align on our current strategic goals, **Scale L1**, **Scale Blobs**, and **Improve UX** without compromising on our commitment to Ethereum's security and hardness.\n\nOver the coming weeks, weâll publish updates on each work stream, covering their ongoing progress, new initiatives, open questions and opportunities for collaboration. We start today with Scale L1 --- expect follow-ups about Scale Blobs and Improve UX soon!\n","url":"/2025/08/05/protocol-update-001"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"lean Ethereum","date":"2025-07-31","author":"Justin Drake","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nYesterday Ethereum turned 10. Today, *lean Ethereum* is unveiled as a visionâand personal missionâfor the next 10 years.\n\nWe stand at the dawn of a new era. Millions of TPS. Quantum adversaries. How does Ethereum marry extreme performance with uncompromising security and decentralization?\n\n**TLDR**: next-generation cryptography is central to winning both offense and defense.\n\n*Disclaimer: This is a Drake take⢠aimed at a broad audience. A technical deep dive into hash-based post-quantum signatures and SNARKs will follow. A healthy diversity of views across Protocol, the EF, and the broader Ethereum community is expected and welcome. It strengthens us.*\n","url":"/2025/07/31/lean-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Celebrating 10 Years of Ethereum","date":"2025-07-30","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_1f253fb048a49a040abe24107d34ecca.png"},"content":"\nOn July 30, 2025, the Ethereum community marked a major milestone: ten years since the Ethereumâs genesis block and mainnet launch. \n\nWhat began as a [whitepaper](https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/) has evolved into a decentralized platform now powering thousands of applications, tools, and communities around the world.\n","url":"/2025/07/30/ethereum-10-years"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #5: July 2025","date":"2025-07-29","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-5 weeks, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/19/checkpoint-4).*\n\n\n","url":"/2025/07/29/checkpoint-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q2 2025","date":"2025-07-23","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nFrom grassroots gatherings to breakthrough projects, here's what we supported in Q2 2025! Scroll down to explore the work happening across the Ethereum ecosystem:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Appcon](https://appcon.org/)|[Slice](https://slice.so/)|Event designed to introduce Ethereum applications and experiences to a non-crypto audience, hosted during Milan Design Week in Italy.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Bhutan Dev Fest](https://bhutandevfest.com/)|[GovTech Agency](https://tech.gov.bt/)|Hackathon in Paro, Bhutan uniting local and global innovators to develop solutions leveraging decentralized technology, including Bhutan's self-sovereign [National Digital Identity](https://www.bhutanndi.com/) (NDI) that empowers citizens to control and selectively share personal data.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Blockchain Days](https://www.bdays.org/)|[ODTà Blockchain](https://x.com/odtublockchain)|Student-run conference organized in Ankara, Türkiye, covering topics such as cryptography, governance, and DeFi.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Blockfuse Labs](https://blockfuselabs.com/) IRL Bootcamp Cohort 3||Blockchain developer training program in Jos, Nigeria designed to transition web2 developers to web3 builders through deep technical instruction in Solidity and","url":"/2025/07/23/allocation-q2-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Future of Ecosystem Development at the EF","date":"2025-07-10","author":"James Smith \u0026 EF Management","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_73b96d0e0de7964b423e14f0dcbbeda0.png"},"content":"\nEthereum stands at a pivotal moment. Interest in Ethereum has expanded beyond technologists and enthusiasts, bringing enterprises, governments, and everyday users who seek practical solutions and tangible benefits. The Ethereum ecosystem is adapting to meet these needs, and the Ethereum Foundation is ready to play its part.\n\nAs outlined in the [Ethereum Foundationâs re
56cent vision statement](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/04/28/ef-vision), we have two key goals:\n\n1. Maximizing the number of people who (directly or indirectly) use Ethereum, in such a way that they benefit from Ethereumâs underlying values.\n2. Maximizing the resilience of Ethereumâs technical and social infrastructure.\n\nEcosystem Development (EcoDev) refers to teams that help achieve these goals at an ecosystem or social level, rather than a technology level. These teams help remove bottlenecks to real-world use, help users get onboarded to","url":"/2025/07/10/future-of-ecodev"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Shipping an L1 zkEVM #1: Realtime Proving","date":"2025-07-10","author":"Sophia Gold","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n*Thanks to Kevaundray Wedderburn, Alex Stokes, Tim Beiko, Mary Maller, Alexander Hicks, George Kadianakis, Dankrad Feist, and Justin Drake for feedback and review.*\n\nEthereum is going all in on ZK. Eventually we expect to migrate to using ZK proofs at all levels of the stack, from consensus layer signature aggregation to onchain privacy with client side proving, and [upgrade the protocol to be simpler and more zk-friendly](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/05/03/simplel1.html). But the first step will be an L1 zkEVM.\n","url":"/2025/07/10/realtime-proving"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Partial history expiry announcement","date":"2025-07-08","author":"Matt Garnett","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nAs of today, all Ethereum execution clients support partial history expiry in accordance with [EIP-4444](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444). While work on full, rolling history expiry is ongoing, users can expect to reduce the disk space required for an Ethereum node by 300-500 GB by removing the block data prior to the Merge. This will allow a node to fit comfortably on a 2 TB disk. See below for information on each specific client.\n","url":"/2025/07/08/partial-history-exp"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #4: Berlinterop","date":"2025-06-19","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/06/03/checkpoint-3).\n\nThis is a special edition of the series! \n\nKicking off [Berlin Blockchain Week](https://blockchainweek.berlin/), ethereum core devs and researchers got together for an interop hacking week to make progress both on long-term research directions and short-term implementation of the Fusaka upgrade and gas limit increases. Two of these days solicited feedback on longer-term research directions from L2 and zk teams.\n\n\n\nThe most recent in-person interop was in [Bangkok](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/tree/master/Breakout-Room-Meetings/DevconSEA/R%26D-workshop) prior to [Devcon](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/01/03/devcon-sea-announcement) but previous interops focused on Pectra \u0026 PeerDAS ([Nyota](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/05/22/nyota-interop-recap)), Shapella \u0026 Protodanksharding ([Edelweiss](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/02/07/edelweiss-interop-recap)), the Merge ([Amphora](https://blog.ethereum.org/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone)), and [Eth2](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/blob/master/Breakout-Room-Meetings/interop/meetups/collection.md) ([Ontario](https://blog.ethereum.org/2019/09/19/eth2-interop-in-review))\n","url":"/2025/06/19/checkpoint-4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"World Experience: Updates from the Next Billion Fellowship","subtitle":"Next Billion Fellowship Program Update - New Stories, New Fellows","date":"2025-06-16","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c6b75b2e22eea68c595252ddaac259e6.jpeg"},"content":"\n\u003e _This is an update from the Next Billion Fellowship Program. Ap
56plications are rolling and open for cohort 6 beginning in October 2025._\n\nIndividuals interacting with an application have a _user experience_. Collectives interacting with a protocol have a _world experience_. There are many worlds that the Ethereum protocol touches; places where organizations, communities, or institutions experience trust through coordination. The Next Billion Fellowship is a program to support individuals working on new use cases and improving trust experience within the world computer.\n\nThe stories of a global protocol are as diverse and varied as the humans that use it. In this update five Next Billion Alumni share stories about their Fellowship experience, and four new Next Billion Fellows are introduced.\n\n\u003ca href=\"https://nxbn.ethereum.foundation/fellowship/Devansh\" style=\"text-decoration: none; display: block;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"\n","url":"/2025/06/16/world-experience"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Now accepting interns - Join the Ethereum Season of Internships","date":"2025-06-12","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_072288247c4c1623c02371824093b401.jpeg"},"content":"\nWeâre thrilled to announce that internship applications are now open for the first-ever Ethereum Season of Internships!\n\nThe Ethereum Season of Internships is a collection of paid, fully-remote summer internships offered across the Ethereum ecosystem. It is designed to help establish more paths for the next generation of contributors to connect with Ethereum projects and apply their skills â whether in development, research, design, marketing, operations, or more. Our long-term goal is to make Ethereum an even more welcoming place for new talents.\n\nOver the past few weeks, 19 teams from across the ecosystem have created over 30 internship opportunities. Each position is paid, remote-friendly, and designed to offer real-world experience and mentorship. Whether youâre a developer, researcher, designer, or community builder, this is your invitation to","url":"/2025/06/12/season-of-internships"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Tickets are live for the Ethereum Worldâs Fair! And we're launching the Supporter Program","date":"2025-06-10","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c784def16747c5e7e34bbbb0b92b32e5.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's happening: [Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/) is coming to Buenos Aires, 17â22 November 2025. And **we are bringing the first-ever Ethereum Worldâs Fair to the city**.\n\nThe Ethereum Worldâs Fair is for the Ethereum community and anyone curious about what Ethereum can do in the real world. Weâre starting in Argentina, one of the most active crypto hubs, to show how Ethereum can bring a nation onchain with stablecoins, DeFi, decentralized identity, prediction markets, games, and more.\n","url":"/2025/06/10/devconnect-arg-ticket"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Treasury Policy","date":"2025-06-04","author":"Hsiao-Wei Wang","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_73b96d0e0de7964b423e14f0dcbbeda0.png"},"content":"\n*Thank you to the EFers that provided valuable input and feedback to the draft document: Bastian Aue, Vitalik Buterin, Bogdan Popa, Tomasz StaÅczak, Fredrik Svantes, Yoav Weiss, Dankrad Feist, Tim Beiko, Nicolas Consigny, Nixo, Alex Stokes, Ladislaus, and Joseph Schweitzer.*\n\n*Thank you to kpk, Steakhouse Financial, and pcaversaccio for providing valuable and insightful input and the final review of this document.*\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation (EF) exists to strengthen Ethereumâs ecosystem and uphold its **long-standing** **non-negotiable objectives:** enabling \"[*applications that run exactly as programmed without any possibility of downtime, censorship, fraud, or third-party interference*](http://web.archive.org/web/20150807141725/https:/ethereum.org/)\". EF Treasury supports EF's long-term agency, sustainability, and legitimacy. Capital deployments should be balanced between seeking returns above a benchmark rate and extending EF's role as a steward of the Ethereum ecosystem, with a","url":"/2025/06/04/ef-treasury-policy"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #3: June 2025","date":"2025-06-03","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-5 weeks, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/04/29/checkpoint-2).*\n\n\n\n","url":"/2025/06/03/checkpoint-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Devconnect ARG Scholars Program","date":"2025-06-03","author":"Devcon team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_cdacb108dd9be2e5b893c6449b70999e.jpg"},"content":"\nWe are excited to announce the Devconnect Scholars Program, as part of [Devconnect ARG 2025](https://devconnect.org/)! The Scholars Program will welcome 100 leaders who are expanding Ethereum's reach by connecting it to new communities, industries, and ideas. Scholars will co-learn and co-create, building bridges between Ethereum and other worlds. The 2025 cohort will include five categories: (1) Ethereum Community Organizers, (2) Legal \u0026 Public Sector Professionals, (3) Journalists, (4) Artists, and (5) Developers \u0026 Other Builders of any kind.\n\n[Applications are now open](https://devconnectargscholars.paperform.co/), until Monday, June 30th!\n","url":"/2025/06/03/devconnect-arg-scholars"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Protocol","date":"2025-06-02","author":"Barnabé Monnot, Tim Beiko, Alex Stokes","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_270c7c873d5994bd4e47958030e3599c.png"},"content":"\nEthereum stands at the edge of major breakthroughs. zkEVMs have rapidly accelerated, enabling us to rearchitect L1 to simultaneously support scale, verifiability, security and censorship-resistance. L2s are hardening, meeting users where they are, and eager to double down on using Ethereum as their root of trust. In short, the world is ready for the world computer.\n\nThese significant innovations both unlock massive benef
56its for our users and will allow us to onboard many, many more. The stakes are high: This moment may be Ethereumâs best shot at deploying not only our technology, but our values, at planetary scale. \n\nAs a response, we must rethink our current approach to designing, developing and stewarding the protocol. This process of âshipping protocolâ is messy, asking us to respond proactively","url":"/2025/06/02/announcing-protocol"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Trillion Dollar Security Initiative","date":"2025-05-14","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nEthereum is the most secure blockchain ecosystem. This is the result of 10 years of progress and iteration across every level of Ethereumâs technology stack, from wallet UX to developer tooling to consensus protocol security.\n\nBut being the most secure platform in the crypto ecosystem isnât enough. Ethereumâs ambition is far greater: to be civilization-scale infrastructure that securely underpins the internet and global economy, surpassing the safety and trustworthiness of the worldâs legacy systems.\n\nToday we are announcing the **Trillion Dollar Security** initiative, an ecosystem-wide effort to upgrade Ethereumâs security to help bring the world onchain.\n\nReaching âTrillion Dollar securityâ means a world where:\n\n- Billions of individuals are each comfortable storing more than $1000 onchain, collectively amounting to trillions of dollars secured on Ethereum.\n- Companies, institutions or governments","url":"/2025/05/14/trillion-dollar-security"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q1 2025","date":"2025-05-08","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nA new year means new momentum, and new grants! Take a look at the projects that received support in Q1 2025, listed below:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Account Abstraction Afterhours](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMf-2qLTukXr5lUmbmMlIlsX-lJIoIKcf) - Season 2|[Mirko Garozzo](https://x.com/mirkogarozzo) \u0026 [Francesco Andreoli](https://x.com/francescoswiss)|Producing educational videos with thought leaders in the [account abstraction](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/account-abstraction/#account-abstraction) ecosystem, with Season 2 focusing on the application layer and how [dapps](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/dapps/) are using [account abstraction](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/account-abstraction/#account-abstraction).||\n|Community \u0026 education|[ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC)](https://ec25.sigecom.org/)||Scientific conference on advances in theory, empirics, and applications at the interface of economics and computation.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[A General Forum on Ethereum Localism (GFEL): Boulder 2025](https://opencivics.substack.com/p/ethereum-localism-goes-cosmo-local)|[OpenCivics](https://www.opencivics.co/)|Event in Boulder, USA that explored Ethereum's real-world use cases in the realm of social impact and public goods through talks, unconference sessions, and a quadratic funding allocation to local community groups.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Arabic","url":"/2025/05/08/allocation-q1-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"CVE-2025-30147 - The curious case of subgroup check on Besu","subtitle":"The Real Slim Shady","date":"2025-05-07","author":"Antonio Sanso","category":"Security"},"content":"\n*Thanks to Marius Van Der Wijden for creating the test case and statetest, and for helping the Besu team confirm the issue. Also, kudos to the Besu team, the EF security team, and Kevaundray Wedderburn. Additionally, thanks to Yuxiang Qiu, Justin Traglia, Marius Van Der Wijden, Benedikt Wagner, and Kevaundray Wedderburn for proofreading. If you have any other questions/comments, find me on twitter at [@asanso](https://twitter.com/asanso)*\n\n**tl;dr**: [Besu Ethereum execution client](https://besu.hyperledger.org/) version 25.2.2 suffered from a **consensus issue** related to the [EIP-196](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-196)/[EIP-197](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-197) precompiled contract handling for the elliptic curve `alt_bn128` (a.k.a. bn254). The issue was fixed in release [25.3.0](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/releases/tag/25.3.0).\n[Here](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30147) is the full CVE report.\n\n**N.B.**: Part of this post requires some knowledge about elliptic curves (cryptography).\n","url":"/2025/05/07/the-curious-case"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Ethereum Season of Internships","subtitle":"Host a Summer Intern and Help Build the Next Generation of Ethereum Contributors","date":"2025-05-05","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_03301ebc43d106758a338b0747d7800a.jpeg"},"content":"\nEvery year, the Ethereum ecosystem welcomes thousands of builders through community events, hackathons, courses, bootcamps, and campus clubs. However, many newcomers struggle to remain engaged, as they face challenges securing structured early-career opportunities. The Ethereum Season of Internships directly addresses this retention gap by creating a coordinated collection of internship opportunities across the ecosystem.\n","url":"/2025/05/05/ethereum-season-of-internships"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum University Tour","date":"2025-04-30","author":"Austin Griffith and
56Shyam Sridhar","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7a3210022720d83b2d2729317036f73c.jpg"},"content":"\nAre you part of a university blockchain club eager to dive deeper into the world of Ethereum? We want to connect with you!\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation is sponsoring a global University Tour in partnership with [BuidlGuidl](https://tour.buidlguidl.com), designed to activate student communities and grow the next generation of Ethereum builders. This tour includes:\n\n ð§âð» Virtual sessions with Ethereum educators and builders \n ð« In-person workshops on campuses across the globe \n ð A cross-university club competition, culminating in a live finals at Devconnect 2025\n\nWhether your club is just getting started or already deeply embedded in the Ethereum ecosystem, this is your chance to:\n- Plug into the global Ethereum community \n- Learn directly from builders and researchers \n- Showcase your ideas, research, or prototypes","url":"/2025/04/30/uni-tour"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint #2: Apr 2025","date":"2025-04-29","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\n*Ethereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://chatgpt.com/share/680db778-2778-8013-9792-c61b55d4627c)\" series aims for high-level updates roughly every 4-5 calls, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the previous update [here](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/03/25/acdcheckpoint-001).*\n\n\n","url":"/2025/04/29/checkpoint-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation's Management and Board Structure","date":"2025-04-28","author":"Ethereum Foundation Board","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_ee4a6b49421ef34d5e67b6a18b9d75f8.png"},"content":"\nThe recent appointments of the two Co-Executive Directors and President are part of a broader effort to strengthen the Ethereum Foundation, and this structure is designed to ensure our vision, strategic and balanced execution, technical direction, and ecosystem development. This blog is intended to clarify the structure of the management team and the board.\n","url":"/2025/04/28/ef-mgmt-board"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Foundationâs Vision","date":"2025-04-28","author":"Aya Miyaguchi and Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d984abf1f8154b4a02f8b742f328b5e9.png"},"content":"\n_Ethereumâs strength lies in its decentralization â not just technically, but socially and structurally. This blog articulates the EF's vision, its role, and priorities as one of the ecosystem's stewards. We use this moment as an opportunity to restate our vision, principles and values which we continue to uphold as we welcome the new management team. These priorities are not a rigid plan and are reflected in the [strategies described by EFâs Co-EDs](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/04/28/next-chapter). By defining our approach and focus, we also aim to clarify where we direct our efforts â and where we intentionally step back â so that the ecosystem can continue to thrive with everyone's participation._\n","url":"/2025/04/28/ef-vision"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Foundation's Next Chapter","date":"2025-04-28","author":"Hsiao-Wei Wang and Tomasz StaÅczak","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_f3cd5fc11a3c2ea772a988cca8cddcf0.png"},"content":"\nHi! This is Hsiao-Wei and Tomasz co-writing this blog post. We've now been in our new Co-Executive Director roles for almost a month. The honeymoon is over, it's time to get moving.\n","url":"/2025/04/28/next-chapter"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"10 Years of Ethereum","subtitle":"Join us for a global celebration of Ethereumâs first decade!","date":"2025-04-24","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7f7079427571384e831a50272ae9f663.png"}
56,"content":"\nOn July 30th at 3:26:13 PM +UTC, Ethereum will celebrate 10 years since the genesis block. \n\n_Ethereum has come a long way. It came to life, survived and thrived against all odds, and led to breakthroughs in tokenization, fundraising, DeFi and digital ownership. It's bootstrapped entire industries, and is now reshaping how we now think about money, identity, and coordination. What began as a whitepaper and a great experiment is transforming into the global settlement layer for the world. And 10 years in, Ethereum is still just getting started._\n\nWorking together with the community, the Ethereum Foundation will be supporting a series of global meetups, onchain artifacts, and a livestream to ring in the next decade of Ethereum together.\n\nIf you have your own ideas or visions","url":"/2025/04/24/ten-years"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Pectra Mainnet Announcement","date":"2025-04-23","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c953ed34b3d2227e1ec03710bbb229b4.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Pectra network upgrade is scheduled to activate on the Ethereum mainnet on May 07, 2025 at epoch `364032` (10:05:11 UTC)! Mainnet client releases are listed [below](#Client-Releases).\n","url":"/2025/04/23/pectra-mainnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Destino Devconnect - A local grant round to bring Argentina onchain","subtitle":"Join us on the road to Devconnect ARG in Buenos Aires.","date":"2025-04-22","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bd733bd7c720fdac57db06b2231a1e73.jpg"},"content":"\nWeâre kicking off the road to Devconnect in Buenos Aires (Nov 17â22) with [Destino Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/destino), a community-powered push to bring Argentina onchain. From now until November, weâre inviting local builders, organizers, and enthusiasts to unite under one banner to accelerate Ethereum adoption in Argentina and across Latam.\n","url":"/2025/04/22/destino-devconnect"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Ethereum Protocol Fellowship Cohort 6","date":"2025-04-17","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_ff7e62e234affe314423eb5a79ac2722.jpg"},"content":"\n_**TL;DR:**_\n\n - _Review the [program details for EPF6](https://github.com/eth-protocol-fellows/cohort-six/tree/main/program-guide) ð_\n - _[Applications](https://efdn.notion.site/1d0d98955541805481b6da8786883bb3?pvs=105) for EPF6 are open until April 30 ð_\n - _An introductory [town hall](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0evZ6NX9J0) will be held for an overview and questions on April 21 at 4PM UTC ðï¸_\n\n\nWe are excited to announce that the applications are now open for the sixth cohort of the [Ethereum Protocol Fellowship](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGTCqBACAXg) (EPF6).\n\nThe EPF provides a pathway for aspiring protocol developers to make meaningful contributions to Ethereum. In each cohort, a diverse group is assembled to work toward [advancing Ethereum's roadmap](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/) during the fellowship. This includes the development of client implementations, testing and specifications, and participating in the latest core protocol research.\n\nWith an overarching goal to find eventual placement for fellows in R\u0026D teams working on core protocol development,","url":"/2025/04/10/epf-6"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Fellowship Cohort 5 Recap","date":"2025-04-10","author":"Josh Davis \u0026 Mario Havel","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_e33a63c876555f534b7fa6f0f1f9f244.jpg"},"content":"\n_TL;DR: The EPF successfully concluded the fifth cohort, Study Group 2025 and is preparing for cohort six (EPF6). Applications will be announced soon, keep an eye on the [EF blog](https://blog.ethereum.org/)! In the meantime, get ready by enhancing your Ethereum protocol knowledge at [EPF.wiki](https://epf.wiki/) and [sign up for the newsletter](https://groups.google.com/a/ethereum.org/g/protocol-fellowship-group) to get notified about announcements._\n\nThe Ethereum Protocol Fellowship completed its fifth cohort, culminating with EPF Day at Devcon in Bangkok. Its completion marked 5 months of immersive learning, research and contribution to the Ethereum core ecosystem from a group of talented and dedicated fellows. Client devs and researchers welcomed new contributors, some of which stayed working with them long-term. \n\nAdditionally, the second iteration of the Protocol Study Group concluded after 2 months of intensive learning about","url":"/2025/04/10/epf-5-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Checkpoint - March 2025","date":"2025-03-25","author":"Nixo","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9a721d102a66685eba4b944119d345f8.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereumâs weekly All Core Developer calls are a lot to keep up with, so this \"[Checkpoint](https://github.com/ethpandaops/checkpointz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-is-checkpoint-sync)\" series aims for brief high-level updates with a target cadence of every 4-5 calls, depending on whatâs happening in core development. See the initial update [here](https://mirror.xyz/nixo.eth/axmTo0OGG_kr6G3DeA5IODGQdW9aRIXUpSkiGmqkdMc). All subsequent updates will be hosted here on the Ethereum Foundation blog.\n\nThe past month of calls have been focused on Pectraâs testnet upgrades in anticipation of the [Pectra mainnet fork](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600) with development of the following fork, [Fusaka](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7607), pushing forward in parallel.\n","url":"/2025/03/25/acdcheckpoint-001"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Holesky and Hoodi Testnet Updates","date":"2025-03-18","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_cc1a3eb5cbdab2f05c80f670c7b3f7dd.png"},"content":"\nThe [Pectra testnet activation](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/02/14/pectra-testnet-announcement) revealed issues in clients with deposit contract configurations changes on Ethereum testnets. While [Sepolia's recovery](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/03/05/sepolia-pectra-incident) was straightforward and the network has since fully recovered, Holesky experienced extensive inactivity leaks as part of its recovery mechanism.\n\nThe Holesky network has since then finalized, but the exited validators would take approximately one year to fully be removed from the validator set ([¹](https://hackmd.io/@mikeneuder/eli5-ethereum-validator-exits)). While stakers can test deposits, consolidations and all other Pectra features, the size of the exit queue prevents Holesky from being used to test the full validator lifecycle within a reasonable timeframe.\n\n**To address this, a new testnet has been launched: [Hoodi](https://hoodi.ethpandaops.io/). It will activate the Pectra network upgrade at epoch 2048 (Wed. March 26, 2025 14:37:12 UTC).** Client releases that support the","url":"/2025/03/18/hoodi-holesky"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Board of Directors Update","date":"2025-03-09","author":"Ethereum Foundation Board","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nWe are pleased to announce that Hsiao-Wei Wang is joining the Ethereum Foundationâs Board of Directors. The current board members now include **Aya Miyaguchi (President)** , **Vitalik Buterin (Founder)**, **Patrick Storchenegger (Swiss council)** and **Hsiao-Wei Wang (Co-ED)**. \n\nAs this transition unfolds, the board will share further updates on its role and functions in the Ethereum Foundation. Stay tuned for more details in the coming weeks.\n","url":"/2025/03/09/board-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Mekong Deprecation Announcement","date":"2025-03-06","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b89ad13f2213a21c87b65e93b9219809.jpeg"},"content":"\nThe [Mekong](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/11/07/introducing-mekong-testnet) devnet was meant to be a playground for wallet developers to experiment with UX changes and for stakers to gain confidence in the upcoming [Pectra](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600) changes. \n\nThe Pectra network upgrade has been activated on the Ethereum Sepolia and Holesky testnets. These networks can now be used to test the Pectra upgrade features. In light of this, we'd like to announce the deprecation of the Mekong testnet on 7th March, 2025.\n\n\n**Application and tooling developers are encouraged to use [Sepolia](https://github.com/eth-clients/sepolia)** to test applications, smart contracts, and other EVM functionality. Its permissioned validator set provides a stable test environment. Alternatively, many [local development environments](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/local-environment/) allow for testing against copies of the Ethereum mainnet state.\n\n**Stakers and infrastru
56cture providers concerned with protocol-level testing are encouraged to wait for","url":"/2025/03/06/mekong-devnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect 2025 - An âEthereum Worldâs Fairâ in Buenos Aires","subtitle":"Join us for an ecosystem-wide push to bring Argentina onchain","date":"2025-03-05","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_6dc369d61337688bbdb4b5f09f8f7d93.jpg"},"content":"\nWeâre excited to announce that [the next Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/) will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from November 17th to the 22nd, 2025 at the iconic venue La Rural! \n\nThis year, we are aiming for something bigger than just Devconnect: We want to support an effort that the local community has already started â bringing Argentina onchain. \n\nIn Buenos Aires and Argentina, we have a city and country that have been leading adopters of Ethereum for many years. Devconnect Argentina is an opportunity for the whole Ethereum ecosystem to support that steady growth and to accelerate it even further, by helping individual citizens, businesses, institutions and governments to adopt and benefit from Ethereum. \n\n**Get in touch at [email protected] or on the [Forum](https://forum.devcon.org/t/devconnect-2025-help-bringing-argentina-onchain/5471) if you or your","url":"/2025/03/05/devconnect-2025"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia Pectra Incident Update","date":"2025-03-05","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c953ed34b3d2227e1ec03710bbb229b4.jpg"},"content":"\nAt 7:29 UTC today, on epoch `222464`, the [Pectra network upgrade](https://blog.ethereum.org/2025/02/14/pectra-testnet-announcement) went live on the Sepolia testnet. \n\nUnfortunately, an issue with Sepolia's permissioned deposit contract prevented many execution layer clients from including transactions in blocks. The root cause was identified within minutes, and client teams immediately began working on a fix.\n\n**This issue is due to Sepolia's configuration and could not occur on the Ethereum mainnet.** \n\nAround 14:00 UTC today, val
56idators deployed a fix that restored the network to normal throughput.\n\n**All Sepolia node operators must now upgrade their execution layer clients to the versions listed below to maintain network compatibility.**\n\n\n--- \n","url":"/2025/03/05/sepolia-pectra-incident"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Welcoming a new EF leadership structure","date":"2025-03-01","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_73f00d1811a4989e78ccf52ce67e48d5.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation is thrilled to announce a new leadership structure, welcoming Hsiao-Wei Wang and Tomasz StaÅczak as co-Executive Directors effective March 17th. This marks an exciting new chapter in the Foundation's evolution as we continue to support a growing Ethereum ecosystem.\n","url":"/2025/03/01/leadership-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Audit Results for the Pectra System Contracts","date":"2025-02-28","author":"Protocol Security Research Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nThe security of the Ethereum protocol is continually being improved, and one recent effort is the external security review of the Pectra System Contracts.\n\nThe results of this review can be found in the [audits repository](https://github.com/ethereum/audits), and the TL;DR is that all discovered issues deemed relevant or important from these reviews have been addressed.\n","url":"/2025/02/28/pectra-audit-results"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"A new chapter in the infinite garden","date":"2025-02-25","author":"Aya Miyaguchi","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_502502e8304302b4d2f04a8650d849df.jpg"},"content":"\nMy dear Ethereum community,\n\nToday, Iâm excited to turn the page and share that I will be closing this chapter as Executive Director of the Ethereum Foundation soon and stepping into a new role as its President. This new opportunity will allow me to continue supporting EFâs institutional relationships, and to expand the reach of our vision and culture more broadly. Iâm feeling deeply grateful and enthusiastic for whatâs ahead, and while I made this decision a year ago, recent events have given me the perfect opportunity to reflect on what truly matters to me.\n\nThese past few weeks have illuminated something profound about Ethereum â a truth that becomes clearest in moments of tension, when debates arise over the networkâs performance or ETHâs market value. Across","url":"/2025/02/25/aya-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Pectra Audit Competition Launches on Cantina","date":"2025-02-21","author":"Protocol Security Research Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nToday, we're excited to announce the Pectra Audit Competition, kicking off on [Cantina](https://cantina.xyz/competitions/pectra)! This month-long event will run from **February 21 to March 24**, and we're excited to see what issues the security community can find.\n","url":"/2025/02/21/pectra-audit"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Stories from Bangkok: Devcon SEA Scholars Program","subtitle":"Exploring how scholars from around the world experienced Devcon","date":"2025-02-18","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_f36e50850a7215737f0d7fb6f6f9e050.png"},"content":"\nAcross different disciplines and geographies, builders are exploring how Ethereum fits into their work and communities. The [Devcon](https://devcon.org/en/) SEA Scholars Program brought together 93 of these individuals in Bangkok who are bridging Ethereum with other worlds and pushing Ethereum's boundaries.\n\nThis community of builders, thinkers, and creators was selected from over 800 applicants representing 86 countries. The program consisted of four categories: (1) Ethereum Community Organizers; (2) Law Students \u0026 Legal Professionals; (3) Artists and Sci-fi Writers, and (4) Other Builders. Each category was guided by a mentor and included a series of online gatherings leading up to Devcon. After attending Devcon for the first time â with financial support for those who needed it â the Scholars created \"Learning Artifacts\" to document their experiences and","url":"/2025/02/18/devcon-sea-scholars"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Pectra Testnet Announcement","date":"2025-02-14","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c953ed34b3d2227e1ec03710bbb229b4.jpg"},"content":"","url":"/2025/02/14/pectra-testnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q4 2024","date":"2025-02-06","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nThe new year may be here, but we're still inspired by the incredible projects funded in Q4 2024. Check out the table below for an overview of the grantees shaping the future with their work!\n\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Alep
56h de Verano](https://lu.ma/4rs60tro)|[Crecimiento](https://x.com/crecimientoar)|2-week event in Buenos Aires, Argentina featuring a ZK and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) bootcamp, hackathon, demo day, and talks on [DeFi](https://ethereum.org/en/defi/), infrastructure, governance, and regulation.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Aleph ZK Week](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0Jb2_9xzReJZGPKl6nl-THfcyBK68B_A)||3-day conference hosted during the Aleph pop-up city in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that provided a deep dive into programmable cryptography, multi-party computation (MPC), FHE, and decentralized identity systems.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Algebraic Aspects in the Design and Cryptanalysis of Modern Symmetric Cryptography (ALPSY) 2025](https://alpsy-informatik.uibk.ac.at/)||Research workshop that unites experts in arithmetic oriented symmetric-key primitives and their cryptanalysis to foster collaborations on","url":"/2025/02/06/allocation-q4-24"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Studies 2025","date":"2025-02-05","author":"Josh Davis \u0026 Mario Havel","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_4a66107f16c1ab39acb5f9ba560703b3.png"},"content":"\n\u003e *tl;dr*: Ethereum Protocol Studies is returning for 2025. Visit [epf.wiki](https://epf.wiki/#/eps/intro) to fill out the survey and join the town hall on Wednesday, Feb 12.\n\nThe Ethereum Protocol Studies program (EPS) is back for 2025! Designed to lower the barrier to understanding Ethereum's core protocol, EPS provides structured learning and a direct path to deeper protocol knowledge.\n","url":"/2025/02/05/ethereum-protocol-studies"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"From quarters to cycles: accelerating ethereum.org","date":"2025-01-23","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/eth-playground.png"},"content":"\nWe're evolving how we build ethereum.org. Starting January 20th, we've adopted [Shape Up cycles](https://basecamp.com/shapeup) - focused 6-week build periods followed by 2-week cooldowns. For Cycle 1, each project below will ship by the end of February - no automatic rollovers to next cycle.\n\nQuick point of clarification: **this is the cycle roadmap for ethereum.org the website, not Ethereum the protocol**.\n\nWe'll ship the following projects by the end of February in our first cycle:\n","url":"/2025/01/23/cycle-1-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ethereum.org Year in Review","date":"2025-01-22","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/eth-garden.png"},"content":"\n2024 was a great year for [ethereum.org](http://ethereum.org/), and as we already have our hands full with projects and initiatives for 2025, it's important to take a moment to celebrate the achievements made possible by the community this past year.\n\nWith that in mind, we've put together a recap of our top highlights from 2024âwe hope you enjoy reading it!\n","url":"/2025/01/22/2024-on-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing the 2025 Academic Grants Round","date":"2025-01-21","author":"Shyam Sridhar","category":"Funding Coordination"},"content":"\nThe EF's Ecosystem Funding Initiative team is proud to announce the launch of the 2025 Academic Grants Round, a pioneering initiative aimed at empowering and expanding the frontiers of Ethereum-related academic research. With a dedicated fund of **$2 million**, we are eager to build upon the success of the previous rounds by supporting innovative research in diverse fields critical to the growth and strengthening of the Ethereum ecosystem. \n","url":"/2025/01/21/academic-round-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the 2024 Academic Grants Round Recipients","date":"2025-01-17","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Funding Coordination","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_98702f8c745cd218cb65074bd3cd1aff.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ecosystem Funding Initiative team is thrilled to announce the recipients of the **2024 Academic Grants Round**! This round, we are proud to support 41 projects from researchers and institutions worldwide. These projects address fundamental challenges and opportunities in areas critical to Ethereumâs growth, including cryptography, consensus mechanisms, security, execution, and more.\n","url":"/2025/01/17/academic-grants-recipients"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Results from the Academic Grants Round 2022","date":"2024-12-10","author":"Sara Amaral \u0026 Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Fun
56ding Coordination","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7950e4057f95963dbad3f04593c08f98.png"},"content":"\nWe firmly believe that information is a public good that should be freely shared within the community. In line with this philosophy, in 2022 we initiated a [series of grants to support academic research](https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/07/29/academic-grants-grantee-announce) to foster knowledge and further enhance the Ethereum ecosystem. The response we received was overwhelming, and we awarded 39 grants to exceptional builders who actively worked across diverse domains to push Ethereum-related knowledge forward. In this blog post, we are excited to present a summary of the results achieved by each grantee, along with resources for those seeking deeper insights. We will keep sharing results as they come, as some grantees continue their research.\n\n| **Title** | **Grantee(s)** | **Summary** |\n|-----------|----------------|-------------|\n| [Amplification Messaging for Short-Term Slot Finality and Improved Reorg-Tolerance](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08135) | [Hammurabi","url":"/2024/12/10/academic-grants-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Digital Repatriation","subtitle":"Exploring digital repatriation of African heritage artifacts.","date":"2024-12-09","author":"Mulenga Kapwepwe \u0026 the SummitShare team","category":"Next Billion","tags":["nxbn"],"summary":null,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_97cc56b40718864546c219ab613a4b41.jpg"},"content":"\n_**The following is an update from Next Billion Fellow Mulenga Kapwepwe and her initiative \"Summitshare\". For more about the Next Billion Fellowship Program and to apply, please visit https://nxbn.ethereum.foundation/.**_\n\n[Mulenga Kapwepwe](https://twitter.com/Mulengakapwepwe), founder of the [Womenâs History Museum of Zambia](https://www.whmzambia.org/) posed a question in 2022 to a small group of younger tech enthusiasts in Zambia: Can something called âblockchain technologyâ offer any new usefulness for the preservation of history? She had started a new initiative aimed at _digital humanities_, and engaging with young people excited by technology who might want to apply their talents to the world of arts, culture, and history. The group of developers, designers, and artists she was working with shared their enthusiasm for âweb3â, and together they discussed some of the properties","url":"/2024/12/09/digital-repatriation"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The latest chapter for Ethereum \u0026 highlights from Devcon SEA","subtitle":"Photos and resources at the bottom!","date":"2024-12-04","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_72a7164ea04bf2ed4a68b2259f9d486e.jpg"},"content":"\nDevcon has always been a living reflection of Ethereumâs growth, challenges, and community ambitions. It showcases the most pressing topics, the newest innovations, and the people building the future of decentralized technology. [As Ethereum grows, so too does Devcon](https://devcon.org/en/).\n\nTwo years ago, right before Devcon VI in Bogotá, the Merge took Ethereumâs consensus from proof of work to proof of stake. Devcon VI focused not only on the achievement of this milestone, but also on the next innovations: early Layer-2 development, the introduction of Account Abstraction (AA), and the rise of zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs) as an expansion of Ethereum.\n\nFast forward to today, Devcon SEA celebrated the ecosystemâs readiness to take on the next big challenges. The content demonstrated how far Ethereum has come, how Ethereum's","url":"/2024/12/04/devcon-sea-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q3 2024","date":"2024-12-03","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nCurious about the projects and community initiatives that were funded last quarter? Explore the Q3 grantees and their impactful work below:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|Blockchain Summer Bootcamp|[Africa Blockchain Institute](https://africablockchain.institute/)|Bootcamp introducing teenager
56s to blockchain through hands-on learning, workshops, and collaborative projects organized in Cotonou, Benin and taught in French.|[Email](mailto:[email protected])|\n|Community \u0026 education|[BlockHack](https://blockhack-kba.devfolio.co/)|[Kerala Blockchain Academy](https://kba.ai/)|Hackathon hosted in Trivandrum, India with tracks focused on Ethereum onboarding and inclusion, blockchain for Sustainable Development Goals, and building dapps on Ethereum and [layer 2s](https://ethereum.org/en/layer-2/) (L2).|\n|Community \u0026 education|Building Builders|[Web3Clubs](https://web3clubs.xyz/)|3-month Solidity program and in-person Solidity bootcamps organized in Nairobi, Kenya.|\n|Community \u0026 education|Crecimiento Activities|[SEED Org](https://seedorg.super.site/home)|Supporting SEED Org's Ethereum-focused activities at the [Crecimiento](https://www.aleph.crecimiento.build/) pop-up city in Buenos Aires, Argentina.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[EEA Industry Day](https://www.eeaday.org/)|[Enterprise Ethereum Alliance](https://entethalliance.org/)|Conference exploring how Ethereum is powering enterprises globally, hosted in Bangkok, Thailand.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[ERC55](https://x.com/ERC55_)","url":"/2024/12/03/esp-allocation-q324"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The ETH Rangers Program","subtitle":"Funding Public Goods Security Efforts","date":"2024-12-02","author":"Protocol Security Research Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe [Protocol Security Research Team](https://github.com/ethereum/protocol-security) and the Ecosystem Funding Initiative at the Ethereum Foundation are proud to announce the launch of the [ETH Rangers](https://ethrangers.com/) program to help incentivize Public Goods Security Work for the Ethereum Ecosystem. \n","url":"/2024/12/02/ethrangers-public-goods"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Next Billion Fellowship Program Applications Now Open!","subtitle":"Apply to join the next cohorts today","date":"2024-11-26","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_f68d7e70d0acc001dc59f37851d475a3.png"},"content":"\nWeâre excited to announce that [applications](https://nxbn-fellowship.paperform.co/) for the Next Billion Fellowship Program are now open!\n","url":"/2024/11/26/nb-fellows-cohort-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Attackathon is Live","date":"2024-11-25","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Security"},"content":"\nThe [Protocol Security Research Team](https://github.com/ethereum/protocol-security) and the Ecosystem Funding Initiative at the Ethereum Foundation are pleased to announce the [launch of the first Ethereum protocol Attackathon](https://immunefi.com/audit-competition/ethereum-protocol-attackathon/ ) with a reward pool of **$1,500,000**, hosted by [Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/). The attackathon runs between November 25th and January 20th and aims to enhance the security of the Ethereum protocol through a large-scale crowdsourced security audit competition.\n\nWe invite the entire Ethereum community â from auditing firms to individual security researchers â to participate in this important event to help secure the Ethereum Protocol.\n\nYou can get started on your journey into understanding the Ethereum Protocol via live and pre-recorded technical walkthroughs through the [Academy](https://immunefi.com/academy/ethereum-protocol-attackathon/).\n\nThe Attackathon is co-sponsored by:\n* Bybit\n* Wormhole\n* Arbitrum\n* The Graph\n* GMX\n* Base\n","url":"/2024/11/25/ethereum-protocol-attackathon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the 2025 EF Internship Program!","date":"2024-11-16","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7577af89001cafc2278c8cde71803445.png"},"content":"\n\u003e The 2025 Ethereum Foundation internship applications are open! Both [research](https://jobs.lever.co/ethereumfoundation/bac0fd4a-a8de-45f0-9223-2df882a7022e) and [development](https://jobs.lever.co/ethereumfoundation/4881baf8-f006-4885-aa
56ac-8bd5c9ca836a) teams have open positions. Applications close on December 9, 2024. \n\n---\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation is running its first formal summer internship program in 2025 aimed at nurturing the next generation of Ethereum developers and researchers.\n\nInterns will work alongside EF teams and, with the help of dedicated mentors, contribute directly to core projects in key areas such as protocol security, account abstraction, scaling research, client development, and more. For example, a past intern worked on [MEV smoothing research](https://ethresear.ch/t/committee-driven-mev-smoothing/10408) before eventually joining the EF full time. \n","url":"/2024/11/16/announcing-ef-internship-program"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Mekong Testnet Announcement","date":"2024-11-07","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_814ec8d3fa8c96ba5f861ec8140de475.jpg"},"content":"\nAfter scoping the [Pectra fork](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600), a successful [interop](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/05/22/nyota-interop-recap) event and four devnets, we're now launching the first short-lived Pectra testnet: Mekong! \n\nThe Mekong testnet includes all the EIPs proposed for the upcoming [Pectra fork](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600) on Ethereum. These changes include UX changes via [EIP-7702](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702), Staking changes via [EIP-7251](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7251), changes to the deposits and exit mechanisms via [EIP-6110](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6110)/ [EIP-7002](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7002) and more. An exhaustive list of the EIPs as well as specifications implemented can be found [here](https://notes.ethereum.org/@ethpandaops/pectra-devnet-4). \n\nMekong is meant to be a playground for wallet developers to experiment with UX changes and for stakers to gain confidence in the upcoming changes. The testnet will be short-lived and is feature complete with all the intended EIPs for [Pectra]((https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600)). We may see some minor spec changes or smaller EIPs,","url":"/2024/11/07/introducing-mekong-testnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Devcon schedule is live!","subtitle":"Download the Devcon Passport web app and curate your personal Devcon agenda","date":"2024-10-31","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7f149ae67e69886d99f7c246d2ceb02d.jpg"},"content":"\nHi Ethereum frens,\n\nWith just 13 days to go until Devcon, weâre amazed by how huge this yearâs event will be! Our expected number of attendees has doubled since last time (12,000 vs. 6,000 in Bogotá), we have more than twice the number of Community Hubs and Impact Spaces, and we received double the amount of talk submissions. The Ethereum ecosystem has evolved significantly in its technology, and as the community has grown stronger, more global, and more active than ever. You will witness this all at Devcon SEA, through both technical content for developers as well as sessions for community builders, artists, writers, researchers, and more.\n\nOver the past few weeks itâs become clear that _everyone_ will be at Devcon. Weâll learn, teach, collaborate, and celebrate","url":"/2024/10/31/devcon-sea-schedule"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Meet the teams at the Devcon Impact Forum","subtitle":"And thank our Public Goods Supporters","date":"2024-10-25","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_f8e27a882f3613d6f6286ba78cd7b888.png"},"content":"\nDevcon community,\n\nWeâre excited to introduce the teams joining us for the Devcon SEA Impact Forum. These areas in the Devcon venue are where you can meet contributors driving important Ethereum projects, explore the ecosystem, and connect with innovators shaping the future of Ethereum.\n\nThe Impact Forum is designed for knowledge sharing and collaboration. Teams will have dedicated spaces where you can engage directly with them, ask questions about their work, and understand the impact theyâre making on Ethereum and its community.\n","url":"/2024/10/25/devcon-supporters-forum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org 2024 Translatathon recap","subtitle":"Ethereum.org Translatathon overview","date":"2024-10-16","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/2024/10/translatathon-hero.png"},"content":"\nThe 2nd edition of the [ethereum.org Translatathon](https://ethereum.org/en/contributing/translation-program/translatathon/) is in the books! This year, we saw 327 contributors translate an incredible 2.53 million words across 70 languages. Let's look at the details:\n","url":"/2024/10/16/translatathon-2024-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EcoDev Research Fellowship - Call for Applications","date":"2024-10-11","author":"EF EcoDev Research Team","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe EcoDev Research Team at the Ethereum Foundation is excited to announce the launch of five six-month research fellowship positions. **This fellowship offers the opportunity for participants to dive deep into underexplored Ethereum use cases, identifying blockers and enablers that may affect their development.**\n\nWe invite researchers, developers, community members, and professionals from other industries to apply by submitting their background information and a one-page research proposal. We are looking for innovative ideas focused on
56nascent Ethereum use cases that:\n\n- **Materially and uniquely benefit from Ethereumâs capabilities.**\n- **Focus on use cases that create positive sum outcomes and real-world benefits.**\n- **Have yet to gain significant traction and/or been deeply explored within the Ethereum ecosystem.**\n\nThe fellowship is focused on researching **broader underexplored use case areas** rather than specific","url":"/2024/10/11/research-fellowship-app"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Six weeks until Devcon SEA in Bangkok","subtitle":"Explore what you can expect at the largest Ethereum gathering in Southeast Asia","date":"2024-10-01","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_003f5ece7fe0c4d54f8b43be6d78b46f.jpg"},"content":"","url":"/2024/10/01/devcon-sea-six-weeks"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"4844 Data Challenge: Insights and Winners","date":"2024-09-13","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_84404ba6ed463992c8eaee78610b3264.jpeg"},"content":" \n\nIn March 2024, the Ethereum network underwent a significant upgrade with the implementation of EIP-4844, an essential part of the Dencun hardfork, aimed at bolstering Ethereumâs role as a data availability layer. This upgrade introduced \"blobs\" of data, dramatically enhancing the scalability of Layer 2 solutions by increasing data availability by approximately 100 times. As with any major upgrade, itâs crucial to evaluate its impact, understand its implications, and refine our approach moving forward.\n\nTo that end, we launched a dedicated data collection round, inviting researchers and developers to delve into the empirical impacts of EIP-4844. The response was overwhelming, with submissions exploring everything from consensus layer security to rollup economics. Today, we are thrilled to announce the winners of this round, who have provided","url":"/2024/09/13/4844-data-challenge"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q2 2024","date":"2024-08-30","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nGet ready to explore the exceptional projects and community events that received support in Q2! Learn more about them below:\n\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[BeerFi Prague Meetups](https://www.meetup.com/web3-on-chain-dev-meetup-group/)||Technical meetups focused on builders and contract development, hosted in Prague, Czech Republic.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Blockchain Course with UNAH](https://aprende.cryptoversidad.com/)|[Cryptoversidad](https://cryptoversidad.com/)|Comprehensive program on cryptocurrency and blockchain with a focus on the Ethereum ecosystem, delivered in collaboration with the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH).||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Code Africa Hackathon](https://www.codeafrica.xyz/)||Hackathon in Nairobi, Kenya that encouraged participants to build projects that could lead to positive real-world impact and explore themes such as zero knowledge (ZK), [account abstraction](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/account-abstraction/#account-abstraction), and privacy.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Digital Democracy Day](https://blocksplit.net/democracy/)|[BlockSplit](https://blocksplit.net/)|Event organized in Split, Croatia that delved into the future of collaborative technology and plural democracy, with an emphasis on funding journalism and running digital elections.|\n|Community","url":"/2024/08/30/esp-allocation-q224"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Data Collection Grants Round","date":"2024-08-14","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_083dd420efc2a08208be17556a59f4f3.jpg"},"content":" \n\nThe Ecodev Coordinators team at EF announces the 11 recipients of the Data Collection grant round, with a total funding amount of 557,660 USD. After reviews, the winners were selected based on their innovative approaches to advancing data collection and analysis within the Ethereum ecosystem.\n\nThe selected projects span a variety of initiatives, including developing open-source data platforms, creating comprehensive dashboards and analytical tools, establishing network baselines for healthy ecosystems, and understanding the distribution and evolution of the Ethereum ecosystem. These projects aim to enhance the efficiency, security, and applicability of data collection across different domains.\n\nWe look forward to the contributions of these projects, anticipating advancements that will benef
56it the Ethereum ecosystem and the broader field of data analysis.\n\n|Project_Name ","url":"/2024/08/14/data-collection-round"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The ethereum.org Translatathon is back","subtitle":"Applications are open!","date":"2024-07-25","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/2024/07/translatathon-hero-image.png"},"content":"\nThe [ethereum.org Translatathon](https://ethereum.org/en/contributing/translation-program/translatathon/) is back this August! This is your chance to contribute to the Ethereum ecosystem by translating Ethereum.org from English into your native language. Not only will you be helping to make Ethereum more accessible, but youâll also have the opportunity to compete for exciting prizes.\n","url":"/2024/07/25/translatathon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon 2024 updates - Secure your tickets, apply to speak, and get involved!","subtitle":"Everything you need to know","date":"2024-07-09","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d054cf1cc369f682edea78aac61f0fed.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereum family,\n\nWe have two major updates today, three smaller ones, and a bunch of reminders about Devcon SEA and how you can get involved ahead of getting together in Bangkok from November 12-15. \n","url":"/2024/07/09/devcon-7-tickets"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Attackathon in Collaboration with Immunefi","date":"2024-07-08","author":"EPS Research Team","category":"Security","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5867a9b3b9d8e134ab850a8c709dd7f9.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Protocol Security (EPS) Research Team is pleased to announce the launch of the first Ethereum protocol Attackathon, hosted by [Immunefi](https://immunefi.com/). This four-week event aims to enhance the security of the Ethereum protocol through a large-scale crowdsourced security audit competition. Our goal is to raise over 2 million USD for the reward pool, the EF has seeded the pool with an initial 500,000 USD.\n","url":"/2024/07/08/attackathon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"blog.ethereum.org mailing list incident","date":"2024-07-02","author":"EF Operational Security","category":"Security"},"content":"\nOn 2024-06-23, 00:19â¯AM UTC, a phishing email was sent out to 35,794 email addresses by `[email protected]` with the following content\n\n\nUsers who clicked the link in the email were sent to a malicious website:\n\n\nThis website had a crypto drainer running in the background, and if a user initiated their wallet and signed the transaction requested by their website their wallet would have been drained.\n\nOur internal security team immediately launched an investigation to help determine who launched the attack, what the aim of the attack was, when it happened, who was affected, and how it happened.\n\nSome of the intial actions taken were:\n- Prevented the threat actor from sending additional emails.\n- Sent out notifications via twitter and email to not click the link in question.\n- Closed down the","url":"/2024/07/02/blog-incident"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ZK Grants Round Announcement","date":"2024-06-25","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_84404ba6ed463992c8eaee78610b3264.jpeg"},"content":" \n\nThe Ethereum Foundation, along with [Aztec](https://aztec.network/), [Polygon](https://polygon.technology/), [Scroll](https://scroll.io/), [Taiko](https://taiko.xyz/), [zkSync](https://zksync.io/), announces the 25 winners of the collaborative [ZK grant round](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/02/21/zk-grants-round). Each sponsor contributed 150,000 USD to the shared pool of 900,000 USD. The winners were selected through a rank-choice vote after thorough reviews. \n\nThe selected projects cover a range of approaches to advancing zero-knowledge proofs. These include developing security frameworks, analyzing cryptographic schemes, creating benchmarking tools for performance and scalability, and integrating advanced cryptographic models into practical applications which will benef
56it the whole ZK ecosystem. The projects aim to enhance the efficiency, security, and applicability of zero-knowledge proofs across different domains.\n\nThe grantees include researchers and developers from various organizations and universities, working on both theoretical advancements and practical implementations to address key challenges in","url":"/2024/06/25/zk-grants-round-announce"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Meet Cohort 4 of the Next Billion Fellows!","date":"2024-06-24","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_f68d7e70d0acc001dc59f37851d475a3.png"},"content":"\nAs a global public resource, technology must remain open, accessible, and dedicated to promoting the greater good. The Next Billion Fellowship Program is a testament to this vision, seeking to capture stories of communities whose lives are changing for the better. Today, we are proud to introduce seven individuals with remarkable stories to share. Their narratives offer a glimpse into their diverse contexts and possible futures â ones we cannot fully foresee but where humanity is uplifted. By drawing inspiration from the Next Billion Fellowsâ stories, we hope to imagine a future where this open protocol of human coordination serves as a public good for billions of people.\n","url":"/2024/06/24/next-billion-cohort4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Launching a Quadratic Funding round for SEA communities","subtitle":"Support local communities today. Devcon contributes $30K to matching pool","date":"2024-06-14","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_2b9637065b450ee394c4db43ae20f9dc.png"},"content":"\nDear Ethereum explorers,\n\nAnnouncements are coming [one](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/06/11/devcon7-ticket-detail) [after](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/06/07/devcon7-scholars) [another](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/05/29/devcon7-supporters-impact) as we get closer to Devcon. Today weâre thrilled to announce the launch of a quadratic funding round for SEA communities by [clr.fund](https://clr.fund/#/)! \n\nWe see the excitement and grassroots energy in Southeast Asia growing and have witnessed the passion from local builders firsthand during our SEA tour in April.\n","url":"/2024/06/14/devcon7-qf-sea"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ticket launch details, on-chain raffle-auction, and programming tracks revealed","subtitle":"Get ready!","date":"2024-06-11","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_66b793d3de632e48a37eaa5a027a26ce.png"},"content":"\nWith just five months to go, we are entering the hot phase before Devcon! The [Supporter Program, Impact Forum](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/05/29/devcon7-supporters-impact), and [Devcon Scholars](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/06/07/devcon7-scholars) have already launched, bringing us closer to the Devcon ticket launch. \n\nToday we are sharing the details on how to get your Devcon tickets. Additionally, we are releasing the programming tracks for Devcon SEA!\n\n**TL;DR:**\nWe have two **major** updates for you today!\n1. Programming tracks are live\n2. Ticketing types and timelines are live\n\n\n","url":"/2024/06/11/devcon7-ticket-detail"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon Scholars Program Returns for Devcon SEA!","date":"2024-06-07","author":"Devcon \u0026 Team Next Billion","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_46c6876bb799d0812d4ed86203efc89d.jpg"},"content":"\n**We are excited to announce the return of the Devcon Scholars Program for [Devcon Southeast Asia](https://devcon.org/en/)!** Bringing together builders from diverse geographies and disciplines, the Devcon Scholars Program offers more than just a scholarship to attend Devcon â it aims to build a community focused on co-learning and co-creation, to bridge Ethereum with other worlds and to push Ethereum's boundaries. This year, we are looking to welcome up to 100 Scholars divided across four categories: (1) Ethereum Community Organizers, (2) Law Students \u0026 Legal Professionals, (3) Artists \u0026 Sci-fi Writers, and (4) Other Builders. \n\n[Applications are now open](https://bidm7uhx.paperform.co/), until **Sunday, July 7th, 2024 at 11:59pm PST**. \n","url":"/2024/06/07/devcon7-scholars"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Devcon SEA Supporter Program \u0026 Impact Teams","subtitle":"Applications open today through 31 July, 2024","date":"2024-05-29","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b4a232b4cb6c46319d8de83733745c81.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereum community friends,\n\nWe're excited to share that the Devcon Supporter Program, which explores new ways to fund Ethereum-related public goods and impactful projects, is BACK for Devcon 7 in SEA. Originally launched at Devcon VI in Bogotá as an alternative to traditional event sponsorships, weâre excited to share more information about this year's Supporter Program ahead of our journey to Southeast Asia!\n","url":"/2024/05/29/devcon7-supporters-impact"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Nyota Interop Recap â¨","date":"2024-05-22","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7fed9f34432047c0ff0ffd60907593c5.jpeg"},"content":"\nLast week, Ethereum client, testing and research teams from around the world gathered together for a week of intense work on the Pectra network upgrade, PeerDAS and the Verge. \n\nSimilarly to previous events like [**Edelweiss ðï¸**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/02/07/edelweiss-interop-recap) or [**Amphora ðº**](https://blog.ethereum.org/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone), the focus of the **Nyota â¨** interop was achieving multi-client interoperability across the different technical tracks. \n\nIn addition to this, Nyota was preceded with a first of its kind public event: [Frontiers Africa](https://lu.ma/Africabuilders), where core devs \u0026 researchers spent the day meeting \u0026 exchanging with builders from across the region. \n","url":"/2024/05/22/nyota-interop-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q1 2024","date":"2024-05-14","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nWe're welcoming the new year with a fresh wave of grants! Discover the projects that received funding in the first quarter of this year, listed down below:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|BITS Pilani Ethereum Ecosystem Advancement Initiative||Support for Ethereum educational development at the Birla Institute of Technology \u0026 Science (BITS) Pilani in India through coursew
56ork, practical projects, and community engagement.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Blockchain Fundamentals Course \u0026 Solidity Bootcamp](https://github.com/orgs/Xerxis-io/repositories)|[Xerxis](https://xerxis.io/)|Ethereum educational content for the local Ethiopian developer community in Amharic.|\n|Community \u0026 education|Developer Courses|[Ethereum Bogotá](https://linktr.ee/ethcobogota)|Production and organization of advanced in-person [Solidity](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/languages/#solidity) development courses over a seven month period.|\n|Community \u0026 education|Community Building Meetups|[Espacio Cripto](https://bento.me/espaciocripto)|Series of six in-person community-building meetups for communities in Mexico City to explore and be educated about Ethereum content.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[ETHBoston](https://www.ethboston.xyz/)||Conference and hackathon in Boston, USA, centered around topics related","url":"/2024/05/14/esp-allocation-q124"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship Cohort 5","date":"2024-05-13","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d97f78dc85b9eea12b8ca784a5313105.png"},"content":"\n\u003e **TL;DR:**\n\u003e\n\u003e - Review the [program details for EPF5](https://github.com/eth-protocol-fellows/cohort-five/tree/main/program-guide) ð\n\u003e - [Applications](https://forms.gle/DQbf13jD7igrXdnD9) for EPF5 are open until May 26 ð\n\u003e - A [town hall](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrwKxyBIYYk) will be held for an overview and questions on May 21 at 4PM UTC. ðï¸\n\n\nWe are excited to announce that the applications are now open for the fifth cohort of the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship (EPF5).\n\nThe EPF provides a pathway for aspiring protocol contributors to make meaningful contributions to Ethereum. In each cohort, a diverse group is assembled to work toward [advancing Ethereum's technology](https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/) during the fellowship. This includes everything from the development of client implementations, testing and specifications, and participating in the latest core protocol research.\n\nThe program provides fellows with a unique opportunity to collaborate with other talented individuals,","url":"/2024/05/13/epf-5-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Fellowship Cohort 4 Recap","date":"2024-04-22","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_ef8a5602779302657f773c9b6715e749.png"},"content":"\n**TL;DR: The EPF concluded the fourth cohort and is preparing for a fifth cohort. Applications will be open soon. In the meantime, explore the new [EPF.wiki](http://epf.wiki/eps) and [sign up](https://groups.google.com/a/ethereum.org/g/protocol-fellowship-group) to get notified when they open.**\n\nThe Ethereum Protocol Fellowship recently completed its fourth successful cohort, culminating with EPF Day at Devconnect in Istanbul. Its completion marked 4 months of immersive learning, research and contribution to the Ethereum core ecosystem from a group of talented and dedicated fellows. To learn more about EPF, take a look at some of the [past posts](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/05/10/ethereum-protocol-fellowship-third-recap) and [repos](https://github.com/eth-protocol-fellows).\n","url":"/2024/04/22/epf-4-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia Incident","date":"2024-03-21","author":"Marius van der Wijden, Toni Wahrstätter, Parithosh Jayanthi","category":"Security"}
56,"content":"\nThis blog post discloses a threat against the Ethereum network that was present from the Merge up until the Dencun hard fork.\n","url":"/2024/03/21/sepolia-incident"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Devcon SEA venue!","date":"2024-03-14","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_46c6876bb799d0812d4ed86203efc89d.jpg"},"content":"\nHello, Devcon awaiters!\n\nWe are thrilled to announce the venue where weâll meet for Devcon 7 in Southeast Asia from November 12-15! \n\n**This year we are transforming the [QSNCC - Queen Sirikit National Convention Center](https://qsncc.com/en/about/at-a-glance) into a lively world that showcases our community spirit, and all of the innovation being worked on in the Ethereum ecosystem.**\n\nFor easier bookmarking, [find a maps link to the venue here](https://maps.app.goo.gl/4W5RX58fso9wqoRJ8)!\n","url":"/2024/03/14/devcon-sea-venue"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect Scholars Program - Ethereum Stories from Istanbul and Beyond","date":"2024-02-29","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bc451adb280fe2de40c39e1246ddd6db.png"},"content":"\nEthereum is growing, and diversity of human participation creates resilience throughout the ecosystem. [The Devconnect Scholars Program](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/06/26/devconnect-instanbul-scholars) is one small effort that aims to create resilience through community diversity. Better representation across human geography and demographics leads to diverse experiences and new perspectives that help the Ethereum protocol serve the coordination needs of all humans, not just a lucky few. Not only does better representation - leading to better geographical distribution of Ethereum nodes for example - help the security of the network, but we believe it is crucial in enriching our community and in making Ethereum stories tangible for more people.\n\nThe Scholars Program brought to Devconnect Istanbul 22 builders from communities that are currently underrepresented in Ethereum. This post highlights just a few of","url":"/2024/02/29/scholars-stories"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Dencun Mainnet Announcement","date":"2024-02-27","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5f7b49ceccd26dd121224fe4688f175a.jpeg"},"content":"\n**March 12, 2024 update:** Since the initial publication of this post, several client teams have made Dencun-compatible releases containing significant performance and stability improvements. While previously announced versions are still considered sufficient for the upgrade, a column has been added to the [Client Releases](#client-releases) tables highlighting the latest recommended versions for all clients. \n\n---\n\n- **Mainnet blobs are coming .oO**: Two years after its ETHDenver inception, dozens of testing calls and devnets later, protodanksharding is finally going live on mainnet! \n- Dencun will activate on the Ethereum mainnet at epoch `269568`, occurring on March 13, 2024 at 13:55 UTC. Node operators \u0026 stakers must upgrade their software to releases listed in this announcement. \n- To receive email alerts for future network upgrade announcements, subscribe [here](#subscribe). \n\n---","url":"/2024/02/27/dencun-mainnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ZK Grants Round","date":"2024-02-21","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5f9de0f756d8e3961162ca8306c36cb6.png"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation is thrilled to announce a collaborative grant round with Aztec, Polygon, Scroll, Taiko, and zkSync to develop Zero Knowledge public goods projects. Each co-funder of the grant round has contributed 150K USD in funds, bringing the total grant pool to 900K USD. \n\nThe breadth and complexity of the Layer 2 ecosystem has reached a point where identifying shared needs and dependencies requires the participation of domain experts from a range of stakeholders. The co-funders will, therefore, not only provide funding but also participate in the allocation decisions.\n\nBeyond more and better-informed funding, we hope this approach will facilitate increasing modularity and use of shared standards in the ZK L2 ecosystem. For this round the research teams have collaborated on a collective [wishlist](https://notes.ethereum.org/@drigolvc/ZK-Round-Wishlist) to","url":"/2024/02/21/zk-grants-round"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q4 2023","date":"2024-02-20","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nEven as we embrace the new year, the contributions of our Q4 2023 grantees are not forgotten! Explore the funded projects listed in the table below:\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[AAvolution House Istanbul](https://lu.ma/AAvolutionIstanbul)||Community-run event organized in Istanbul, Türkiye to push forward account abstraction (AA) standards, ideas, and projects to mainstream adoption.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[BuildETH Patterns](https://www.buildeth.io/)||Ethereum developer event that explored the top web3 development patterns hosted in San Francisco, California.|\n|Community \u0026 education|[Ethereum Costa Rica Day](https://www.meetup.com/ethereumcr/events/295894129/)||Event in San José, Costa Rica that focused on onboarding users and developers while covering topics such as public goods, cryptography, and Solidity.|\n|Community \u0026 education||[ETH Macedonia](https://linktr.ee/ethmacedonia)|Support for ETH Macedonia's grassroots activities, including engaging with the community on Discord and organizing meetups in Skopje, Macedonia.|\
56n|Community \u0026 education|[Ethereum Lima Day](https://ethlimaday.org/)||Conference in Lima, Peru to onboard new Ethereum users","url":"/2024/02/20/esp-allocation-q423"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing the EPF Study Group","date":"2024-02-07","author":"Josh Davis \u0026 Mario Havel","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d439352ab17d519d44cef02091cbb661.png"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Protocol Fellowship (EPF) is a program designed to reduce the barrier to entry for developers interested in working on the core protocol. As core developer (and EPF creator) Piper Merriam likes to say, the door is comically wide open. EPF helps you walk through it. \n\nOver the past two cohorts, one of the most frequent request we've received from applicants \u0026 participants was for better onboarding materials. Josh and Mario, the coordinators of the EPF, are excited to announce the launch of the EPF study group (EPFsg): a 10 week education series intended as a precursor to the [Ethereum Protocol Fellowship](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/05/10/ethereum-protocol-fellowship-third-recap) (the fifth cohort is coming ð). EPFsg has been designed to guide and grow the next generation of Ethereum core developers","url":"/2024/02/07/epf-study-group"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org year in review","date":"2024-01-31","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/eth-garden.png"},"content":"\n_A look back at 2023, and a glimpse at what lies ahead in 2024_\n\n2023 was an excellent year for the team behind the [ethereum.org website](http://ethereum.org), and its community â we already feel a little nostalgic, but it's important to make space for celebrating the things the ethereum.org community helped us build in 2023 and continue the momentum in 2024.\n\nIn that spirit, we prepared a recap with our 2023 highlights of the ethereum.org community â enjoy the reading!\n","url":"/2024/01/31/2023-on-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia \u0026 Holesky Dencun Announcement","date":"2024-01-24","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5f7b49ceccd26dd121224fe4688f175a.jpeg"},"content":"\n**Important update:** since the initial publication of this post, Lodestar has published a new release, [v1.15.0](https://github.com/ChainSafe/lodestar/releases/tag/v1.15.0), which Holesky users must upgrade to prior to Dencun's activation on February 7th. Additionally, Prysm and Nimbus have both published highly recommended releases for Holesky. Prysm users are encouraged to use [v4.2.1](https://github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/releases/tag/v4.2.1), and Nimbus users [v24.2.0](https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/releases/tag/v24.2.0).\n\n---\n\n- **Goerli blobs are here:** Dencun went live on Goerli at 6:32 UTC on January 17, 2024. You can now use blobs there! \n- **Sepolia and Holesky will upgrade over the next two weeks.** Dencun will activate on Sepolia at epoch `132608` (January 30th, 22:51 UTC), and on Holesky at epoch `29696` (February 7th, 11:35 UTC). \n- Client releases in this announcement are suitable for both testnet upgrades. \n- Assuming the Sepolia and Holesky","url":"/2024/01/24/sepolia-holesky-dencun"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Wrapping up the KZG Ceremony","date":"2024-01-23","author":"EF Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9dce5b213b60a7992a89938f922f535f.png"},"content":"\nThe KZG Ceremony was the largest multi-party computation of its kind (by number of participants). Through an open, accessible process, it produced a secure cryptographic foundation for [EIP-4844](https://www.eip4844.com/).\n\nLearn more about how the Ceremony worked in Carl Beekhuizen's [Devcon talk](https://archive.devcon.org/archive/watch/6/opening-ceremonies-carl/?playlist=Devcon%206%20Opening\u0026tab=YouTube): \"Summoning the spirit of the Dankshard\"\n\nAs the Dencun upgrade approaches, this post will serve as a comprehensive record of outcomes and people that brought the Ceremony to life in 2023.\n","url":"/2024/01/23/kzg-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Goerli Dencun Announcement","date":"2024-01-10","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5f7b49ceccd26dd121224fe4688f175a.jpeg"},"content":"\n- **The blobs are coming:** Dencun will go live on Goerli at 6:32 UTC on January 17, 2024. \n- Dencun will be Goerli's last upgrade before core teams stop supporting it. More on this in a [previous post](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/11/30/goerli-lts-update). \n- Assuming the Goerli upgrade goes well, the Sepolia and Holesky testnets will activate Dencun over the next few weeks. \n- To receive an email alert for network upgrade announcements, subscribe [here](#subscribe). \n\n--- \n\nThe Dencun network upgrade is scheduled to activate on the Goerli testnet at [6:32 UTC on January 17, 2024](https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html?iso=20240117T063200\u0026p1=1440\u0026p2=37\u0026p3=136\u0026p4=237\u0026p5=923\u0026p6=204\u0026p7=671\u0026p8=16\u0026p9=41\u0026p10=107\u0026p11=28). The upgrade includes several changes, most notably the introduction of ephemeral data blobs with EIP-4844, also known as \"protodanksharding\", which will help reduce L2 transaction fees. \n\nDencun follows last year's [Shapella upgrade](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/03/28/shapella-mainnet-announcement). It will first","url":"/2024/01/10/goerli-dencun-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Southeast Asia welcomes Devcon 7!","subtitle":"Revealing our 2024 meeting point!","date":"2024-01-03","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7429aafd8906f8f65433275ffdaa8d55.jpg"},"content":"\nHey Ethereum family! ð¦\n\nWe're delighted to start this new year by sharing an update that's not just about reveal
56ing the location and date for Devcon 7, but rather an exciting expansion of our vision. This year, we're embracing the whole Southeast Asia region as the stage for our community gathering! Why? read on to find out!\n\nFirst and foremost, thank you for your patience amid the buzz and speculation about our next destination. After a [memorable time in Bogotá](https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/11/17/devcon-vi-wrap) for Devcon VI, [we made the decision to schedule Devcon 7 for 2024.](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/02/28/devcon-7-update) One of the main reasons for the decision was our wish to increase Devcon's impact on regional Ethereum communities. The additional time allows us to more thoroughly engage with these local communities, offering support","url":"/2024/01/03/devcon-sea-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update - Q3 2023","date":"2023-12-19","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nBefore we wrap up the year, we'd like to showcase the fantastic projects that were funded in the previous quarter. Dive into the details below to learn more about the Q3 grantees and their work! \n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[AAvolution: Account Abstraction Village](https://lu.ma/AAvolution)||Account abstraction event held in Paris, covering topics such as the history of account abstraction, key catalysts to mass adoption, and the future of account abstraction wallets.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[BundleBear](https://www.bundlebear.com/overview/all)|[0xKofi](https://twitter.com/0xKofi)|Database and dashboard providing transparent and verifiable insights into ERC-4337 users, operators, and activity.||\n|Community \u0026 education|Campus Developer Workshops|[ETHAccra](https://twitter.com/ETHAccra)|Developer workshops taught in universities across Ghana, covering blockchain and Ethereum basics, smart contract development, and web3 front-end and back-end development.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Devconnect İzmir Side Event](https://lu.ma/izmirdevconnect)|[Blockchain DEU](https://blockchaindeu.com/)|Meetup held in İzmir, Türkiye to introduce attendees to Ethereum and the importance","url":"/2023/12/19/esp-allocation-q323"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Run a Node Grants Round Grantee Announcement","date":"2023-12-06","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Run A Node Grants Round wanted to reach different users exploring blockchain, learning, community efforts, and research purposes. The aim of this round was to encourage the exploration of a diverse range of ideas for operating nodes beyond running a validator, such as facilitating data queries for research, examining node performance under severe conditions, or enhancing node UX. Applicants had the option to select a Dappnode or provide specs to receive a stipend for a custom build. \n\nWe received a total of **243 applications**. Out of all the applications we evaluated, we selected **35 recipients from 23 different countries** to receive support to run nodes. Eligibility requirements for this round included that applicants must have fast, stable internet connections with high data thresholds, must","url":"/2023/12/06/run-a-node-grantee"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Goerli Long Term Support Update","date":"2023-11-30","author":"Protocol Support","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fdbf8db846ba5c19502dd8b675c00ccb.jpg"},"content":"\n**March 18, 2024 update:** The Dencun network upgrade successfully activated on the Ethereum mainnet on [March 13, 2024](https://blog.ethereum.org/2024/02/27/dencun-mainnet-announcement). As per the original wording of this announcement, this would imply an April 13, 2024 sunset date for the Goerli testnet. \n\nThat said, as of this writing, **[nearly all Goerli validators](https://grafana.observability.ethpandaops.io/dashboard/snapsh
56ot/fwALK9PEe7CLEOO81lma5bT6k7jq7Gcs?orgId=0\u0026from=1707927490905\u0026to=1710519490905), which were run altruistically by various community members, have already been shut down**. Goerli users \u0026 developers should therefore migrate to Sepolia or Holesky as soon as possible.\n\n---\n\n**In the coming months, [Goerli](https://goerli.net/), Ethereum's first multi-client testnet, will stop being supported by client and EF testing teams**. The Dencun network upgrade will be the last one implemented on the network. \n\n**Either three months after the Goerli Dencun activation, or one month after the Dencun mainnet activation,","url":"/2023/11/30/goerli-lts-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Application Open for Next Billion Fellowship Cohort 4","date":"2023-11-28","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d3cbbed2f00bc01ace595256f28e1024.jpeg"},"content":"\nDecades from now, there will be many stories to tell about the early days of Ethereum. We will remenisce about how a peculiar and powerful technology began to change the landscape of trust on the internet. Some will remember being skeptical, while others may claim to have known all along that it would change the world. Those future stories are out of reach for us â obscured as all things are by the challenges and uncertainties of the present moment.\n\nBut there are other stories out there, right now, that we need to listen to. Stories of people; of their learning, growth, hope, and experience. The Next Billion Fellowship at the Ethereum Foundation is a search for individuals with stories to tell us about today, and","url":"/2023/11/28/nxbn-cohort4-apply"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect Istanbul 2023 - A celebration of progress and the Ethereum community","date":"2023-11-28","author":"Devconnect Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_0ecdfe00edfb60b6c52af4cbdd81e461.jpg"},"content":"\n[Devconnect](https://devconnect.org/), the week-long gathering of the Ethereum ecosystem and community, concluded its second edition in Istanbul. The week saw over 3,500 participants from diverse backgrounds come together from November 13-19 at the Devconnect Cowork in the Istanbul Congress Center, and many more join the [70+ deep-dive events](https://devconnect.org/schedule) organized by independent teams in the Ethereum community. Events took place at various locations across the city and beyond, celebrating the breadth and depth of the Ethereum ecosystem. \n\n**Thank you** to everyone who was part of Devconnect! We are so happy that everyone that was able to join us for an intense week, brimming with conversations, talks, workshops, and real-life connections. A massive shoutout is owed to all the independent organizers, volunteers, and to all the attendees who","url":"/2023/12/04/devconnect-ist-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Beyond Borders - Unveiling Potential of Blockchain in a Crisis","date":"2023-11-15","author":"Karam Alhamad","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bc451adb280fe2de40c39e1246ddd6db.png"},"content":"\nCrisis is a cruel teacher. It can draw us together in our shared fragility, but paradoxically it can also distance us from our shared humanity. In times of great crisis, the institutions and structures of society that are supposed to protect and support us may become twisted, corrupted, or rendered impotent â and sometimes, the very things that make us humans can play a role in our collective dehumanization. \n\nIn Syria, my political activism became the grounds for denying me the most basic forms of identification. I was detained and tortured as a means of political repression. My academic pursuits forcibly halted, and any semblance of proof of my existence was stripped away. And I, along with millions of others like me, had to","url":"/2023/11/15/beyond-borders-nb"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Update 2 - Preparing for Devconnect Events","date":"2023-11-03","author":"Devconnect Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_08ada426eddd50116c87f7c55367029b.jpg"}
56,"content":"\nLast week, we posted an [advisory update on recent events and potential travel considerations](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/10/23/devconnect-ist-advisory-update) related to Devconnect. \n\nSafety is our first and primary consideration now, and we are closely monitoring the situation, including working closely with local security providers, law enforcement, and external risk advisory partners to understand and anticipate risks to Devconnect. We have also conducted an internal review of our security arrangements and crisis response plans, to make sure they are appropriate.\n\nFurther, we will share advisories and updates in public channels if anything changes, in addition to other information on how guests can make sure that events are safe and secure.\n\n_[The Israel government has also released a notice warning any Israelis in the country to leave Turkey immediately](https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/news/spoke-nsc171023)._\n\nWith that said, we wanted to","url":"/2023/11/03/devconnect-ist-update-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured #6 - Writing Robust C - Best Practices for Finding and Preventing Vulnerabilities","date":"2023-11-02","author":"Justin Traglia","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nFor [EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844), Ethereum clients need the ability to compute and verify KZG c
56ommitments. Rather than each client rolling their own crypto, researchers and developers came together to write [c-kzg-4844](https://github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844), a relatively small C library with bindings for higher-level languages. The idea was to create a robust and efficient cryptographic library that all clients could use. The Protocol Security Research team at the Ethereum Foundation had the opportunity to review and improve this library. This blog post will discuss some things we do to make C projects more secure.\n\n\u003c!--","url":"/2023/11/02/writing-robust-c"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Update - Advisory on recent events and potential travel considerations","date":"2023-10-23","author":"Devconnect Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b75d00ffd9e87da416556eb3ae0d095f.jpg"},"content":"\nOver the last weeks, we have been closely monitoring the security and safety in Istanbul. In particular, we have been focused on how events in Israel and the Gaza Strip may impact attendee safety. \n\nWe try to assess risk whenever we host an event. In the case of Devconnect Istanbul, we have consulted with our event organizer partners, local community members, and monitored government warnings that affect our community or the region. We recently took an additional step of working with external risk advisory services to consider where and how we may need to make changes to reflect conditions regionally. \n\nIn advance of further updates, we want to share two key points:\n\n- **Although the current threat specifically targeting the Devconnect event itself is low, there","url":"/2023/10/23/devconnect-ist-advisory-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org Translatathon Recap","date":"2023-09-20","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/translatathon-hero.png"},"content":"\nEthereum.org is an educational website and portal to Ethereum - for many people, it is their first contact with Ethereum, the place where they find their first wallet or dapp to use, and their go-to resource to start learning or level up their knowledge.\n\nTo best serve this purpose, we have been running the [ethereum.org Translation program](https://ethereum.org/en/contributing/translation-program/) since July 2019, intending to make the content on the site available to everyone, including over 6 billion non-English speakers.\n\nBy providing educational content about Ethereum and essential onboarding pages in as many languages as possible, we are making learning about Ethereum and becoming an Ethereum user or developer as easy as possible for everyone, regardless of the languages they speak.\n\nThe result of this effort has been a steady increase","url":"/2023/09/20/ethereum-org-translatathon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect Istanbul Updates!","subtitle":"Bringing the Ethereum community together to progress and collaborate","date":"2023-09-18","author":"Devconnect Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b75d00ffd9e87da416556eb3ae0d095f.jpg"},"content":"\nGreetings, Ethereum builders and enthusiasts!\n\nDevconnect Istanbul is just around the corner, with only two months to go! We're here to remind you why we're so excited about this event and to share some important updates and information. \n\nDon't forget to [secure your Devconnect Cowork ticket here](https://devconnect.org/cowork), and if you need more information on what Devconnect is all about, head over to [devconnect.org](https://devconnect.org/) to learn more. \n\n","url":"/2023/09/18/devconnect-ist-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth v1.13.0","date":"2023-09-12","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nGeth v1.13 comes fairly close on the heels of the 1.12 release family, which is funky, considering it's main feature has been in development for a cool 6 years now. ð¤¯\n\nThis post will go into a number of technical and historical details, but if you just want the gist of it, Geth v1.13.0 ships a new database model for storing the Ethereum state, which is both faster than the previous scheme, and also has proper pruning implemented. No more junk accumulating on disk and no more guerilla (offline) pruning!\n\n\n\n- _¹Excluding ~589GB ancient data, the same across all configurations._\n- _²Hash scheme full sync exceeded our 1.8TB SSD at block ~15.43M._\n- _³Size difference vs snap sync attributed to compaction overhead._\n\n**_Before going ahead though, a","url":"/2023/09/12/geth-v1-13-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Execution Layer Specification","subtitle":"Here be EELS!","date":"2023-08-29","author":"Sam Wilson","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_df8b1c7d4bb7b7fafb10ce70cefced02.png"},"content":"","url":"/2023/08/29/eel-spec"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q2 2023","date":"2023-08-15","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's time to share the list of impressive projects and community events that received funding in Q2! Read all about them below: \n\n\n|Category|Project|Recipient|Description|Contact|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Community \u0026 education|[DeFi Security Summit](https://defisecuritysummit.org/)||Summit in Paris, France covering all angles of DeFi security including auditing, tooling, and bug mitigation, by exploring some of the biggest DeFi exploits and diving into practical ways to increase security coverage for code.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[DWeb Camp \u0026 Global Fellows Program](https://dwebcamp.org/)|[Internet Archive](https://archive.org/)|Five-day event with the purpose of tackling real-world challenges facing web3 and co-creating decentralized technologies of the future.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[ETHBarcelona](https://www.ethbarcelona.com/)||Conference and hackathon in Barcelona, Spain covering topics such as public goods, privacy, and scalability.||\n|Community \u0026 education|[ETH Belgrade](https://ethbelgrade.rs/)||Conference and hackathon in Belgrade, Serbia covering topics such as zero knowledge (ZK), infrastru
56cture, and [scaling](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/).||\n|Community \u0026 education|[Ethereum Argentina Conference](https://ethereumargentina.org/en)||Conference in","url":"/2023/08/15/allocation-update-q2-23"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect Istanbul Cowork Tickets Are Live!","date":"2023-08-08","author":"Devconnect Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_af9f0f6bf59a8d67f6a8eef94f974113.jpg"},"content":"\nGreetings, Ethereum builders and enthusiasts!\n\nWe're thrilled to announce that **ticket sales for the Devconnect Cowork in Istanbul are now open! ð¥³**\n\n**You can [get your tickets here](https://devconnect.org/cowork),and also see that our website got a fresh new makeover! ð
**\n\nCome back here right after you snagged your ticket, to learn more about the Devconnect Cowork, planning your trip to Istanbul, and what to expect from the Devconnect schedule.\n","url":"/2023/08/08/devconnect-ist-cowork-tickets"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Human Stories of Ethereum - Meet the Next Billion Fellows Cohort 3","date":"2023-08-07","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bc451adb280fe2de40c39e1246ddd6db.png"},"content":" \n\nAs we look at our world, it seems that individual humans are increasingly on the edges and in the margins of the big stories that play out on our scrolling screens. The narratives that captivate and resonate with ordinary folks seem to exist at a scale beyond the reach of any one of us -- Those big stories about economies, countries, and companies weave a narrative that can seem dire at times, or too big for an individual human to change in a meaningful way. But this is not the true narrative of the world, nor is it the right way to understand our own potential as humans. \n\nMany who read this blog are inclined to believe that the Ethereum protocol will play a","url":"/2023/08/07/nb-fellows-cohort-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"KZG Ceremony Special Contributions","date":"2023-08-02","author":"Carl Beekhuizen \u0026 Trent Van Epps","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_b8f57609d139ce61f1c708e50f6d4809.png"},"content":"\nThe Special Contribution Period for the KZG Ceremony ran 01-16 April 2023. This allowed participants to contribute in ways that may not have been possible in the Open Contribution period. While the Ceremony only needs a single honest participant to provide a secure output, Special Contributions provide additional assurances beyond a standard entropy contribution:\n\n- computing over the entropy in an isolated environment (eg. on an airgapped machine, wiping and physically destroying hardware) means that it's unlikely for a malicious entity to have extracted the entropy at any point.\n- detailed documentation (explore links below) attached to real reputations are unlikely to all have been coopted or faked by a malicious coordinating entity. The records are available for future observers to explore.\n- different hardware and software","url":"/2023/08/02/kzg-special-contributions"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing The Road To Devcon Grants","date":"2023-06-29","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_26ffe228bf48549e6c75df1a0cb26836.png"},"content":"\n[Devcon 7 is scheduled for 2024](https://twitter.com/EFDevcon/status/1630543172974657538?s=20), and while the final location is still TBA, we can say one thing with certainty: [Devcon](https://devcon.org/en/) is coming to Southeast Asia! ð\n\nWe canât wait for our journey to Devcon 7 in Southeast Asia to begin and are happy to see that the Ethereum communities in SEA have been more active since we announced Devcon 7. Itâs great to see communities from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Vietnam engaged.\n\nToday, we are launching the [Road to Devcon (RTD) Grants round](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/devcon-grants) to support the rise of new Ethereum events, grassroots communities, and educational initiatives across the diverse region.\n\n**If you are based in Southeast Asia, enjoy growing communities, developing educational activities, and empowering your region with the opportunities Ethereum offers, we encourage you","url":"/2023/06/29/road-to-devcon7-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Academic Grants Round 2023 Announcement","date":"2023-06-28","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_bf942aa10b05ae61cf7db99dca5c5470.png"},"content":"\nWe are excited to announce the recipients of this year's Academic Grants Round. We received more than 250 applications and have awarded over $2 million in funding to 43 projects across several categories.\n\nThe awarded teams are distributed all across the globe with researchers from Austria, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, and Vietnam.\n\nHere are the categories and the number of funded projects in each:\n\n| Category | Number of Projects | Amou
56nt (USD) |\n| ---------------------- | ------------------ | --------------:|\n| Cryptography | 6 ","url":"/2023/06/28/academic-grants-round-23"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing The Devconnect Istanbul Scholars Program","date":"2023-06-26","author":"Next Billion Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_37a3978180f54599ab81a0abca3a3002.jpg"},"content":"\nWe are thrilled to announce the first-ever Devconnect Scholars Program!\n\n**The Devconnect Scholars Program will provide talented and values-aligned individuals from communities currently geographically and demographically underrepresented in Ethereum with financial support to attend [Devconnect in Istanbul](https://devconnect.org) this November.**\n\n**Apply to the program [here](https://devconnectscholars.paperform.co) by July 23rd, 2023.**\n","url":"/2023/06/26/devconnect-instanbul-scholars"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q1 2023","date":"2023-06-15","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nKicking off the year with an addition to our Allocation Updates: we've included the contact details for grantees' projects, so that interested readers can reach out and get involved or learn more!\n\nWith that being said, read on to find out which projects received funding in Q1 in the table below:\n\n| Category | Project ","url":"/2023/06/15/allocation-update-q1-23"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Fellowship - Fourth Cohort Applications Are Open!","date":"2023-06-01","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_528af259f560c1e462768d8662448ebf.png"},"content":"\n**TL;DR:**\n\n- The application deadline for the fourth cohort of EPF has been extended ð\n- The EPF Team held a town hall \u0026 FAQ session - [watch the recording here](https://youtu.be/ovwXAgP9LS8) ð\n- [Submit your application here before June 18th](https://forms.gle/9CJidyBmSJVxYn899) ð\n\n---\n\nGreetings, Ethereum community!\n\nWe are excited to announce that the application period for the fourth cohort of the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship (EPF) is officially open!\n\nThe EPF is an initiative aimed at supporting the development of Ethereum's core protocol by providing a pathway for aspiring protocol contributors to gain the experience needed to make meaningful contributions. This program is specifically tailored toward developers and researchers who have an unyielding passion for Ethereum, its community, and the possibilities of decentralized technology.\n\nIn each cohort, we seek to assemble a diverse group of","url":"/2023/06/01/ethereum-protocol-fellowship-fourth-apps-open"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Fellowship: Third Cohort Recap","date":"2023-05-10","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_80ba0aa49f5a37026942c45ea9f30e96.jpg"},"content":"\n**TL;DR: The EPF concluded its [third cohort](https://github.com/eth-protocol-fellows/cohort-three) and is preparing for the fourth cohort. Applications will be open soon. [Sign up here to get notified when they open](https://groups.google.com/a/ethereum.org/g/protocol-fellowship-group).**\n\nThe Ethereum Protocol Fellowship recently completed its third successful cohort in February 2023. Its completion marked 4 months of immersive learning, research and contribution to the Ethereum core ecosystem from a group of talented and dedicated fellows. Before we look into the third cohort, let's recap what Ethereum core development is and how EPF fits into its landscape.\n","url":"/2023/05/10/ethereum-protocol-fellowship-third-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured #5: Public Vulnerability Disclosures Update","date":"2023-05-03","author":"Fredrik Svantes","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_630d77544672a1e0df792c0d71489bd6.jpg"},"content":"\nToday, we have [disclosed](https://github.com/ethereum/public-disclosures/) the second set of vulnerabilities from the Ethereum Foundation Bug Bounty Program! 𥳠These vulnerabilities were previously discovered and reported directly to the Ethereum Foundation.\n\nWhen bugs are reported and validated, the Ethereum Foundation coordinates disclosures to affected teams and helps cross-check vulnerabilities across all clients. The Bug Bounty Program currently accepts reports for the following client software:\n\n- Erigon\n- Go Ethereum\n- Lodestar\n- Nethermind\n- Lighthouse\n- Prysm\n- Teku\n- Besu\n- Nimbus\n\nIn addition to client software, the Bug Bounty Program also covers the Deposit Contract, Execution Layer \u0026 Consensus Layer Specifications and
56Solidity. ð\n","url":"/2023/05/03/secured-5-disclosures-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Scouting for the Future: Technology and the Scouting Movement","date":"2023-05-01","author":"Mihajlo Atanackovic","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bc451adb280fe2de40c39e1246ddd6db.png"},"content":"\nHello everyone! My name is Mihajlo, and over the past six months as part of my [Next Billion Fellowship](http://fellowship.ethereum.foundation), Iâve been working to bring the benefits of Web3 to the World Scouting Movement.\n\nGrowing up in Serbia in the '90s, I experienced firsthand the devastating effects that wars and sanctions can have on young people. There werenât a lot of opportunities to find good role models or supportive peers. In that sort of environment, itâs easy for youth to become caught up in gangs or criminal activity. I would say itâs because of technology and the scouting movement that I was able to avoid turning down the wrong path.\n\nIn 1996, I searched for _\"IzviÄaÄi\"_ (Serbian for âscoutâ) on Yahoo, and stumbled upon one of the first","url":"/2023/05/01/scouting-future-movement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect is back! See you this year in Istanbul.","date":"2023-04-20","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_00b0f0ca81303aaf837269d14a01dbd4.jpg"},"content":"\nDear Ethereum community, builders, and researchers,\n\nAt the first-ever [Devconnect last year in Amsterdam](https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/05/30/devconnect-wrap) in 2022, we came together for a week of in-depth workshops and discussions. Many that participated in the sessions and conversations told us they felt Devconnect had a significant impact on the ecosystem by driving progress in tangible ways.\n\nMany expressed their wishes for Devconnect to happen again, and after we saw the impact, we strongly agreed. Today, we can finally share that **Devconnect is coming back and is planned for November 13-19 this year in Istanbul! ð¹ð·**\n","url":"/2023/04/20/announcing-devconnect-ist"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Mainnet Shapella Announcement","date":"2023-03-28","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5fc486ebf659fc2e64c38f805468f54c.jpg"},"content":"\n- Withdrawals are coming! The Shapella network upgrade will activate on the Ethereum network at epoch `194048`, scheduled for 22:27:35 UTC on Apr. 12, 2023\n- Stakers \u0026 node operators should read this post as well as the [Withdrawals FAQ](https://notes.ethereum.org/@launchpad/withdrawals-faq)\n- From now until April 5th, the [Ethereum Bug Bounty](https://ethereum.org/en/bug-bounty/) rewards have been doubled for Shapella vulnerabilities\n- You can now sign up to receive emails for these upgrade announcements. [Scroll to the bottom of the page](#subscribe) to do so ð©\n\n---\n\nAfter a smooth [Goerli transition](https://blog.ethereum.org/2023/03/08/goerli-shapella-announcement), client teams have scheduled the Shapella upgrade for mainnet activation. Consensus was quickly reached on an April 12th date during the [157th AllCoreDevs Execution Layer meeting](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/737).\n\nThis upgrade follows [The Merge](https://blog.ethereum.org/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement) and enables validators to withdraw their stake from the Beacon Chain back to","url":"/2023/03/28/shapella-mainnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Next Billion Fellowship Cohort 3 - Call for applications","date":"2023-03-16","author":"Next Billion Team","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_bc451adb280fe2de40c39e1246ddd6db.png"},"content":"\nEthereum is a living entity, distributed across time and space, accessible through our screens and communication devices. What gives it life are the myriad human relationships that have become intertwined with the roots, branches, and leaves of the Ethereum state tree. This single tree encodes immense value, digital property, and dapp utility -- not an insignificant slice of human activity.\n\nBut the humans who currently give Ethereum life do not represent _all_ humans -- many gaps across cultures, nationalities, and class must be bridged. The use cases and novel solutions that have so far been developed and advertised and touted by web3 builders do not yet represent the true potential of Ethereum to enable human flourishing -- **we have not yet scratched the surface of possibility","url":"/2023/03/16/fellowship-cohort-3-applications"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Goerli Shapella Announcement","date":"2023-03-08","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c721600b9f9448a141574b76a38159e6.jpg"},"content":"\n- Withdrawals are coming! The Shapella network upgrade will activate on the Goerli network at epoch `162304`, scheduled for 10:25:36 PM UTC on Mar. 14, 2023\n- Stakers \u0026 node operators should read this post as well as the [Withdrawals FAQ](https://notes.ethereum.org/@launchpad/withdrawals-faq)\n- The [Zhejiang testnet](https://zhejiang.ethpandaops.io/) can be used to test Shapella functionality prior to the Goerli upgrade\n- A [Shapella Community Call](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/741) is scheduled for 15:00 UTC on Mar. 13, 2023\n- You can now sign up to receive emails for these upgrade announcements. Scroll to the bottom of the page to do so ð©\n\n---\n\nAfter a smooth [Sepolia transition](/2023/02/21/sepolia-shapella-announcement), the Shapella upgrade is now scheduled for the Goerli testnet. This is expected to be the last testnet upgrade before scheduling Shapella for the Ethereum mainnet.\n\nThis upgrade follows [The Merge](/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement)","url":"/2023/03/08/goerli-shapella-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Devcon 7!","date":"2023-02-28","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5c48708771e113e99244cbfb722992e6.jpg"},"content":"\nLast year, after a three-year-long pause, we emerged from the pandemic stronger than before and [reunited in Bogotá](/2022/11/17/devcon-vi-wrap) for the largest and [some](https://twitter.com/hudsonjameson/status/1581144717768544256?s=52\u0026t=FGSwIDXiD-yturWK3t9-JA) [would](https://twitter.com/tw_tter/status/1579938251074596867?s=46\u0026t=FGSwIDXiD-yturWK3t9-JA) [say](https://twitter.com/nicksdjohnson/status/1581267045043163137?s=52\u0026t=FGSwIDXiD-yturWK3t9-JA), â[best](https://twitter.com/avsa/status/1581065131055718400) Devcon yet.â Since then, we were frequently asked âwen Devcon 7?â Well, today, we have some news! ð ð\n","url":"/2023/02/28/devcon-7-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q4 2022","date":"2023-02-22","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nThere's been buzz and excitement surrounding the new year, but we haven't forgotten about the grantees from last quarter! Find out which projects received funding in Q4 2022 in the table below:\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\n| Category | Project ","url":"/2023/02/22/allocation-update-q4-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia Shapella Announcement","date":"2023-02-21","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_c721600b9f9448a141574b76a38159e6.jpg"},"content":"\n- Withdrawals are coming! The Shapella network upgrade will activate on the Sepolia network at epoch `56832`, scheduled for 4:04:48 AM UTC on Feb. 28, 2023\n- Stakers \u0026 node operators should read this post as well as the [Withdrawals FAQ](https://notes.ethereum.org/@launchpad/withdrawals-faq)\n- The [Zhejiang testnet](https://zhejiang.ethpandaops.io/) can be used to test Shapella functionality prior to the Sepolia upgrade\n\n---\n\nAfter months of testing and an ephemeral devnet launch, the Shanghai/Capella (a.k.a. Shapella) network upgrade is now scheduled for deployment on Sepolia.\n\nThis upgrade follows [The Merge](/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement) and enables validators to withdraw their stake from the Beacon Chain back to the execution layer. It also introduces new functionality to both the execution and consensus layer.\n","url":"/2023/02/21/sepolia-shapella-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 38","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2023-02-10","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\nWithdrawals are imminent.\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Shanghai+Capella (aka Shapella) is on the horizon. Stakers, node operators, infrastru
56cture providers -- pay attention and test!\n- The [Academic Grants Round](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/academic-grants-2023) is live! Applications are due by February 27, 2023\n","url":"/2023/02/10/finalized-no-38"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Layer 2 Community Grants Winners","date":"2023-02-09","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_6c9103b50cbac863910628d8a4f324d7.png"},"content":"\nThe Privacy \u0026 Scaling Explorations team is excited to announce the winners of the [Layer 2 Community Grants 2022](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/layer-2-grants).\n\nThe Layer 2 Community Grants round started on October 24th, 2022 and was open for 6 weeks. In total we received 130+ proposals and thank each project for taking the time to apply.\nThe [wishlist](https://hackmd.io/x3xLbSt4Re2AoZSj9Winsg) compiled sought applications from all areas including Layer 2 explorers, cryptography, and education.\n\nThis chart shows percentage of initial applicants by category:\n\n\nDue to the high quality of proposals, we raised the budget from an initial 750k USD to a total of 948k USD.\
56n\nThe awarded applications percentage per category:\n\n","url":"/2023/02/14/layer-2-grants-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Edelweiss Interop Recap","date":"2023-02-07","author":"EF Protocol Support","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_3e0c90e6d53db5b5bafaa4f292ecfeca.jpeg"},"content":"\nWith The Merge now firmly behind us, protocol developers have been making progress across a (record?) number of areas over the past few months. Withdrawals, danksharding, EOF, verkle tries, history expiry, SSZ and more have all seen significant progress recently!\n\nIn order to help move each of these threads forward, and to run through one more series of Shapella stress tests, client team members gathered in person for a week-long interop event in Austria: Edelweiss ðï¸\n\nUnlike [Amphora](/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone), which had a singular focus on The Merge, this event had two major tracks, focused on the Shapella and ProtoDanksharding network upgrades respectively. Several breakout sessions were also held to dive into other open problems. Here is a brief overview of what was accomplished, as well as links to","url":"/2023/02/07/edelweiss-interop-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The potential to empower disenfranchised communities in Latin America using Ethereum","date":"2023-02-06","author":"Marcus AM","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_00d96900c0a75717ad2208cde2db9c3d.png"},"content":"\n_The following is an update from [Ethereum Foundation Fellow](https://fellowship.ethereum.foundation/) Marcus AM._\n\nHola ð, my name is Marcus and I'm a researcher and builder from Guatemala, and an [EF Fellow](/2022/10/10/ef-fellowship-cohort-2). An optimist at heart, Iâm driven by leveraging social, cultural and technological innovation to build better societies - a conviction Iâve held from a young age.\n","url":"/2023/02/06/empower-latam-ethereum-fellows"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup - Q1 2023","date":"2023-02-03","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_5314593dc47abbd6b60869473588681f.png"},"content":"\nItâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, we check in on projects that are well underway or already at the finish line.\n\nYou may have noticed something differentâinstead of monthly posts, we'll be highlighting grantees who have made significant strides in their projects every quarter instead. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!\n\n---\n","url":"/2023/02/03/esp-grantee-roundout-q1-23"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Looking back: 2022 on ethereum.org","date":"2023-01-18","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/ethereum-hero.png"},"content":"\nFrom the explosion of the scaling and layer 2 ecosystems to the first Devcon in three years and The Merge, it has been an exciting year for Ethereum and ethereum.org. Weâve shipped many impactful features and content, with thousands of incredible contributors helping us along the way.\n\nLetâs dive into our highlights of 2022:\n","url":"/2023/01/18/2022-on-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Roundup","date":"2022-12-29","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_843f550fb00a32fd6183815b56f14d44.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nAs the year of the Merge ends, we wanted to share updates from many of the Ethereum gardeners and EF-supported teams that achieved long sought accomplishments, both big and small, alongside the rest of the ecosystem in 2022. We all have a lot to be thankful for, from the new communities we've come to know, to having each other through it all!\n\nAs always, this roundup series focuses on EF-supported teams whose members are working to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates from many teams highlighted in [the previous report](/2021/08/12/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-2/), and other new and rotating groups.\n\nEnjoy!\n","url":"/2022/12/29/supported-teams-roundup-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"KZG Ceremony Grant Round","date":"2022-12-15","author":"EF Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_7d22bc5d7be9c0d5d8f50161734559ae.png"},"content":"\nThe Protocol Support team is organizing a grant round to support the upcoming [Ethereum KZG Ceremony](https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony).\n\nThe KZG Ceremony is a coordinated public ritual that will provide a cryptographic foundation for Ethereum scaling initiatives like [EIP-4844](https://www.eip4844.com/). Learn more about the Ceremony and participate in the test version at [ceremony.ethereum.org](https://ceremony.ethereum.org/). If you'd like funding support to contribute at a deeper level, there are two ways to qualify:\n\n- writing your own implementation\n- submitting entropy generated by non-traditional sources or through a unique process\n\nâ [**APPLY BY JAN 31**](https://kzgceremony.paperform.co) or learn more below\n","url":"/2022/12/15/kzg-ceremony-grants-round"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update Q3 2022","date":"2022-12-07","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_de9a88166698be2e43a3c33e8a69c0a7.png"},"content":"\nBefore the year comes to a close, we'd like to highlight the amazing projects that received funding in the previous quarter. Read on to learn more about our Q3 grantee lineup!\n\n| Category | Project ","url":"/2022/12/07/esp-allocation-q3-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Merge Data Challenge Results","date":"2022-12-05","author":"Rodrigo Vasquez","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d8ffa747630149287cc8483996546a1b.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation is excited to announce the winners of the [Merge Data Challenge](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/merge-data-challenge) ð¼.\n\nThe challenge ran for ~9 weeks surrounding the Merge, allowing for data analysts to gather and review information both before and after the big event. Participants submitted a treasure trove of data and analysis in 45(!) different blog posts.\n\nEnjoy combing through the many insights and, as everything is open source, feel free to open things up and extend/modify the analysis!\n","url":"/2022/12/05/merge-data-challenge-results"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ropsten Shutdown Announcement","date":"2022-11-30","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_6a70f6f5faa1e4feaf1131d454a369c1.jpg"},"content":"\nAs [previously announced](/2022/06/21/testnet-deprecation), the Ropsten network has been deprecated and will be shut down in the coming weeks. Over the past few months, infrastru
56cture providers have gradually stopped supporting the network and validator participation rates have been steadily declining.\n\n**The vast majority of remaining validator nodes will be shut down during the December 15-31, 2022 period. After this, Ropsten will no longer be supported by client, testing or infrastructure teams.**\n\nAs a reminder, the next testnet to be sunset is Rinkeby. The network will be live until mid-2023 to give users and application developers the chance to migrate to either Goerli or Sepolia. That said, Rinkeby does not support The Merge, nor will it support future network upgrades. It is no longer a feature-equivalent replica of the","url":"/2022/11/30/ropsten-shutdown-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon VI Recap, Resources \u0026 Wrap-Up!","date":"2022-11-17","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_d0c1b4c0850a119c5fcfb8cf07b96e51.jpg"},"content":"\nA few weeks ago in October, much of the Ethereum community came together in South America as we reunited for Devcon VI in Bogotá, Colombia!\n\nToday we want to say _Thank You_(!) to every attendee, volunteer, and contributor that made Devcon VI a success. In this blog post, we will recap the highlights of an incredibly fun event, and reminisce about C
56ommunity Hubs, the Road to Devcon, insightful talks and panels, beautifully designed presenter rooms, and much more.\n\nWatch the [Recap Video](https://twitter.com/EFDevcon/status/1582512361335771136?s=20\u0026t=GDFDs1J-ztg0BPnR-rlxkQ) to refresh your memory and enjoy the Devcon VI vibe!\n","url":"/2022/11/17/devcon-vi-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"layout":"post","published":true,"title":"Devcon VI Scholars: Growing the Infinite Garden","date":"2022-11-07","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Organizational","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_9034eb41af870c792a4818e38eb745a2.png"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation (EF) exists to help the Ethereum ecosystem thrive, and there are still many discoveries to be made about what Ethereum can do for the world. That's why we support individuals that have the potential to unlock parts of Ethereum's story that are still unwritten.\n\n[The Devcon Scholars Program](/2022/07/20/devcon-scholars-returns-22) provided support to make Devcon more accessible for 50 individuals whom we believed to have the potential to make a positive impact on Ethereum and its community, but who were unable to attend without financial assistance.\n","url":"/2022/11/07/devcon-vi-scholars-wrapup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Supporters \u0026 Impact Booths","date":"2022-10-10","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_0c64bf4c9178e2cb9b59fc1e3da7d40f.jpeg"},"content":"\nThis yearâs Devcon is special in many ways. Weâve used the last three years to create a whole new experience based on all that weâve seen at past Devcons, and lessons learned while event-planning during the pandemic. Devcon VI involved the community via [Community Hubs](https://forum.devcon.org/c/community-hubs/15) and [Devcon Improvement Proposals](https://forum.devcon.org/c/dip-discussion/6) (DIPs), features a Public Goods Supporters Program that replaces a traditional sponsorship effort, and will introduce Impact Booths in Bogotá.\n","url":"/2022/10/10/devcon-impact-supporters"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the EF Fellowship Program, Cohort #2","date":"2022-10-10","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_30943e71b6774aaaab174d89a80b9664.png"},"content":"\nThings are looking up for Ethereum. Now that The Merge is complete, a huge weight (measured in tonnes of CO2) has been lifted from the Ethereum community's collective conscience. And the world-at-large is watching to see what this community does next.\n\nRight now the ecosystem has a unique opportunity to show the skeptics what Ethereum can do -- how a foundational layer of trust on the open internet can be used to tackle the big coordination problems that we have yet to solve.\n\nThe road to Serenity is long, and Ethereum's impact is still small on the scale of human institutions, societies, or economies. In recent years we have collectively grown quite fond of the term _public good_, but we must remember that \"public\" means _all 8-billion","url":"/2022/10/10/ef-fellowship-cohort-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Devcon VI Manual","date":"2022-10-04","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_85cf7b2dc452633cb387c2c35b94420b.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nWelcome to Devcon!\n\nThis is your Devcon VI Manual, and it includes everything you need to know about Devcon, the surroundings and more. Read closely as we cover things to be aware of before departure, during transit to the venue from Bogotáâs international airport El Dorado, and information related to pre-registration dates, community efforts at Devcon VI, side/after events, and more!\n\nBookmark this tab if youâre heading to Devcon, and we canât wait to see you all soon.\n","url":"/2022/10/04/devcon-manual"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Kiln Shutdown Announcement","date":"2022-09-09","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_8d7ea1c612b90c3235dd54044d541b6a.jpeg"},"content":"\n- **`The Merge is happening soon!` [`This post`](/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement) `explains how and when the upgrade will happen, along with the client versions compatible with it.`**\n- Kiln, an Ethereum merge testnet launched in early 2022, will be shut down during the week of September 12, 2022.\n- Ropsten and Rinkeby are also deprecated and scheduled to be sunset in Q4 2022 and Q3 2023 respectively.\n- Users and developers should migrate to Goerli \u0026 Sepolia, which will keep being maintained and upgraded to reflect changes to the Ethereum mainnet for the forseable future.\n\n---\n\nAs [previously announced](/2022/06/21/testnet-deprecation), the Kiln, Ropsten and Rinkeby testnets are now deprecated and will be shut down over the coming months.\n\n**Kiln, which was launched for the purposes of testing post-merge Ethereum prior to existing testnets merging, will","url":"/2022/09/09/kiln-shutdown"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q1 and Q2 2022","date":"2022-09-07","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's time to share the list of outstanding grantees who received funding in Q1 and Q2 of this year!\n\nYou can learn more about their projects below:\n","url":"/2022/09/07/esp-q1-q2-allocation-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Fellowship: The Third Cohort","date":"2022-09-01","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_eee89d27faf03f0be7d1724c13c5d7dc.jpg"}
56,"content":"\nDo you enjoy solving interesting and challenging problems? Are you interested in getting involved at the most foundational level of the Ethereum protocol?\n\nThe Protocol Support Team (EF) is excited to announce that applications are now being accepted for the third cohort of the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship [(formerly Core Developer Apprenticeship Program (CDAP))](/2021/09/06/core-dev-apprenticeship-second-cohort)!\n\nWith [the Merge closing in (58750000000000000000000 ð¥³)](/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement), Ethereum core developers are looking forward to the next steps in the protocolâs development and there is a need for qualified and committed people to help create an increasingly powerful and robust Ethereum network.\n\n_Enter the Ethereum Protocol Fellowship._\n","url":"/2022/09/01/ethereum-protocol-fellowship-third"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Translating the Ethereum Foundation blog","date":"2022-08-31","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fc8f505659849ac7e21c75d47f833bbe.png"},"content":"\nSince [the first post in December 2013](/2013/12/31/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i), the **Ethereum Foundation (EF)** blog has been the primary way teams within the EF communicate. From [announcements about events](/2020/05/28/devcon-hacia-colombia-en-2021), to [grant waves](/2022/07/29/academic-grants-grantee-announce), [protocol upgrades](/2022/07/27/goerli-prater-merge-announcement), regular [updates from specific teams](/2021/12/22/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-3) or discussing Ethereum's vision and roadmap, the blog has been a helpful resource for those looking to stay in the loop.\n\nHowever, there's been one big problem: despite our global Ethereum community, this information has primarily only been available in English. Accessing this information is a challenge for the billions of non-English speakers around the world.\n","url":"/2022/08/31/blog-internationalization"},{"frontmatter":{"layout":"post","published":true,"title":"Finalized no. 37","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-08-26","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\n**_~20 days [until](https://bordel.wtf) the Merge ð_**\n\ntl;dr\n\n- The [Merge Data Challenge](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/merge-data-challenge) is live! _Collect, analyze, and visualize all of the data_\n- [Merge Mainnet client releases](/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement/) are out. Did you upgrade yet?\n","url":"/2022/08/26/finalized-no-37"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Mainnet Merge Announcement","date":"2022-08-24","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_fc82062a814fd40a66c7d03a522da205.jpeg"},"content":"\n- Ethereum is moving to proof-of-stake! The transition, known as The Merge, must first be activated on the Beacon Chain with the Bellatrix upgrade. After this, the proof-of-work chain will migrate to proof-of-stake upon hitting a specific `Total Difficulty` value.\n- The Bellatrix upgrade is scheduled for epoch **`144896`** on the Beacon Chain -- **11:34:47am UTC on Sept 6, 2022**.\n- The `Terminal Total Difficulty` value triggering The Merge is **`58750000000000000000000`**, expected between **Sept 10-20, 2022**.\n- Note: as [announced earlier](/2022/06/21/testnet-deprecation/), the Kiln testnet is being sunset. Operators will shut down on September 6, 2022.\n","url":"/2022/08/24/mainnet-merge-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 36","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-08-12","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n\u003e Merge sequence engaged ð\n","url":"/2022/08/12/finalized-no-36"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia Post-Merge Upgrade Announcement","date":"2022-08-03","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_8a7434faa592c55e7a7bdface3957a88.jpg"},"content":"\n- The Sepolia testnet will undergo a post-merge execution layer (EL) upgrade at block **`1735371`**, expected on August 17, 2022\n- The upgrade will cause EL clients on the network to disconnect from peers which have not transitioned to proof-of-stake. It does not add additional functionality beyond this.\n- Sepolia node operators must upgrade their execution layer client prior to block **`1735371`**.\n- A similar upgrade is expected on Goerli and the Ethereum mainnet once these networks have transitioned to proof-of-stake\n","url":"/2022/08/03/sepolia-post-merge-upgrade"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Academic Grants Round grantee announcement","date":"2022-07-29","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_bf942aa10b05ae61cf7db99dca5c5470.png"},"content":"\nWe are thrilled to announce the 39 grantees selected for the recent Academic Grants Round. This grants round invited researchers, think-tanks, Ph.D. students, and all those interested in advancing knowledge around the Ethereum ecosystem to submit academic proposals.\n\nThank you to all those who submitted proposals, and congratulations to all the grantees. We are pleased with the number of quality applications that we received, which surpassed our initial expectations. Given the extraordinary potential of many project proposals, **we have more than doubled the initial budget from $750,000 to $2 million**.\n\nThe granted projects vary broadly in scope and geographic representation with research teams from Australia, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Nepal, Pakistan, Romania, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom the United","url":"/2022/07/29/academic-grants-grantee-announce"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Goerli/Prater Merge Announcement","date":"2022-07-27","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_ac3c2a52228601912d557578f3d1aa0a.jpg"},"content":"\n- For the last testnet proof-of-stake transition, Goerli will merge with Prater. The combined Goerli/Prater network will retain the Goerli name post-merge.\n- Bellatrix, the Prater upgrade readying it for The Merge will happen at epoch **`112260`**, expected at **`12:24PM UTC on August 4, 2022`**.\
56n- After Bellatrix is activated, the Goerli/Prater merge will happen when Goerli hits a total difficulty of **`10790000`**, expected between **`August 6-12, 2022`**.\n- Post-merge, Goerli's validator set will remain open for individual stakers to run testnets validators. Stakers who wish to start a Goerli/Prater validator can do so at the [Prater Launchpad](https://prater.launchpad.ethereum.org/).\n","url":"/2022/07/27/goerli-prater-merge-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon Scholars Returns \u0026 Announcing Devcon Week!","date":"2022-07-20","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_9094f3bdb61991f03619c9d6e3ba7af6.jpg"},"content":"\nQueridos Amigos,\n\nYesterday, Wave #01 of Devcon tickets sold out just a few minutes after going online! After two years of anticipation, the whole team awaited this moment with curious suspense. But donât worry, more [ticket waves](https://devcon.org/tickets/) are coming soon.\n\nToday we are excited to announce **the return of the Devcon Scholars Program**, an EF initiative to help critical Ethereum builders overcome obstacles to attend Devcon. Read below to find out if the Devcon Scholars Program is for you, and to get information on how to apply.\n\nAdditionally, weâre happy to announce the first events happening around Devcon in Bogotá, **making Devcon more than just a 4-day conference but a whole _Devcon Week_ experience.**\n\n_Devcon Week_ comprises Ethereum-related events happening around the official conference days of 11-14 October. In","url":"/2022/07/20/devcon-scholars-returns-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DEVCON VI: TICKET SALES BEGIN \u0026 MORE!","subtitle":"Raffle + Supporter apps closing, and meet Community Hubs","date":"2022-07-13","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_ed930bc0e14d0e489beb16e2c978141d.jpg"},"content":"\nAmigos y amigas!\n\nToday, we want to bring everyone a few details on the ticketing process in advance of **Mondayâs launch**, and we have updates on supporter, volunteer, and discount-ticket applications. As the icing on the cake, we'll also introduce you to the Devcon Community Hubs!\n\nBut first, we hope youâve heard about the pre-sale of Devcon VI tickets in the [Auction \u0026 Raffle](https://devcon.org/en/raffle-auction/), and maybe even placed a bid. If not, you have **one final day** to enter to win a ticket to Devcon VI by placing a minimum bid of 0.25 ETH. **The Auction closes on July 14, 07:59 UTC.**\n\nAll participants that donât have the 20 highest bids will end up in the **Raffle** to potentially win one of 80 Devcon VI tickets at the","url":"/2022/07/13/devcon-vi-tickets"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Sepolia Merge Announcement","date":"2022-06-30","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_f145c876a6e0a4d269f75913dc169507.jpg"},"content":"\n- **`Note`:** on July 5, 2022, the recommended releases for go-ethereum and Erigon were modified. See \"Client Releases\" for details.\n- Sepolia will be the second of three public testnets to run through The Merge.\n- The network will transition to proof-of-stake when the total difficulty on the proof-of-work chain exceeds **`17,000,000,000,000,000`**, which is expected to occur around in the next few days.\n- Post-merge, Sepolia will have a permissioned validator set, like existing proof-of-authority testnets. Goerli/Prater, which will merge at a later date, will maintain an open validator set to allow for stakers to test the transition.\n","url":"/2022/06/30/sepolia-merge-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon VI: First Tickets \u0026 FINAL WEEK of Speaker Applications","date":"2022-06-28","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_581cd60c083fdde9e041f893e70e260f.png"},"content":"\nThree weeks ago, we opened the speaker and volunteer applications as well as the discount builder and student tickets, and we are excited about the quality of submissions!\n\nThis year, weâve opened applications for those looking to attend Devcon with [Builder](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd0Ce92qxcCsOOPAhPAs2mo87bzfaL5ezcKXpd5M20OuBUmMQ/viewform) and [Student](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdaMrwTfuq_uPhsmX6jE3cF9X36cgixjVfi3fzG8x7VJfn_IQ/viewform) discounts, as [Speakers](https://speak.devcon.org/devcon-vi-2022/cfp), [Supporters](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdcZuRlbp_cW0eKvqJ-4tRJfsfDCdEhNTnHFaITy9cmRUEfRQ/viewform), [Volunteers](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfCZyBMdyTSrJa9GNIbiQMeNQ-3jQJrdr9JQemKD0VXKduOhA/viewform) or as [Press](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeb8MHdU7zODYFdeqpFZQ67_TF1wGnvTYDAdpQIv1gOh1xpDw/viewform). But what about improvements for General Attendance passes? Today
56we want to announce the _Auction \u0026 Raffle_ - A new method for ticket distribution and a way for you to save a Devcon ticket ahead of the regular ticket sale.\n","url":"/2022/06/28/devcon-vi-auction-raffle-speaker"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Fellowship Program: Cohort #2 Applications Open \u0026 Cohort #1 Roundup","date":"2022-06-21","author":"Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"/images/posts/upload_c94877685be7e6cba035ca82681ede7f.png"},"content":"\nEthereum is a living thing. Yes, at its core there is a _virtual_ _machine_ (the EVM) that runs and faithfully calculates a new state from block to block, but the magic of Ethereum is that one little state machine can be shared by millions of people who might not have anything in common besides an internet connection and their own secret key. The developers, designers, artists, farmers, bankers, students, politicians, entertainers and even lawyers who use and depend on Ethereum create a living ecosystem coordinating around a core protocol, evolving and re-wiring relationships of trust, hopefully in the interest of public good.\n\nCurrently, the Ethereum expanded universe⢠comprises millions of people, but there are billions of us here on earth, and itâs our ambitious vision for","url":"/2022/06/21/fellowship-cohort-2-applications-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ropsten, Rinkeby \u0026 Kiln Deprecation Announcement","date":"2022-06-21","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_8d7ea1c612b90c3235dd54044d541b6a.jpg"},"content":"\n- **Reminder:** the [Gray Glacier upgrade](/2022/06/16/gray-glacier-announcement/) is scheduled for block `15,050,000`, expected June 29, 2022\n- The [Kiln Merge testnet](/2022/03/14/kiln-merge-testnet/), launched earlier this year, will be shut down shortly after the Ethereum mainnet's transition to proof-of-stake.\n- Ropsten, Ethereum's longest-lived proof-of-work testnet, has transitionned to proof-of-stake. It will be shut down in Q4 2022.\n- Rinkeby, a geth-based proof-of-authority testnet, **will not** transition to proof-of-stake and will be shut down in Q2/Q3 2023.\n- Users and developers are encouraged to migrate ASAP to Goerli or Sepolia to test Ethereum in a post-merge context. After The Merge, Rinkeby **will not** be a suitable testing environment for the Ethereum mainnet. Unplanned mainnet upgrades may no longer be applied to deprecated testnets.\n\n---\n\nEthereum has many testnets for users and developers to test things","url":"/2022/06/21/testnet-deprecation"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gray Glacier Upgrade Announcement","date":"2022-06-16","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_24ff43ef1c52978b2a2e011bb53cfd21.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a scheduled network upgrade at **block 15,050,000**, which is expected to occur on **Wednesday, June 29, 2022**. The exact date is subject to change due to variable block times and time zones. **Please upgrade your node before Monday, June 27, 2022 to account for variable block times.**\n","url":"/2022/06/16/gray-glacier-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Spotlight on LatAm: Identity solutions for Govtech","date":"2022-06-07","author":"EF Fellow Chuy Cepeda \u0026 Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"/images/posts/upload_c94877685be7e6cba035ca82681ede7f.png"},"content":"\n_The following is an update from Ethereum Foundation Fellow [Chuy Cepeda](https://twitter.com/chuycepeda)._\n\nOur identities hold immense power. In a time when people take great pride in using multiple pseudonyms or personas, we often think about how to identify ourselves. I identify as a native of Monterrey, Mexico, a Latin-American, a son, brother, father, husband, engineer, Ph.D., entrepreneur, dog lover, hitchhiker, and a believer that democracies are suffering.\n\nLooking back at a time when I started meeting people from different countries and gaining a better understanding of their access to public services, I recall becoming aware of how far away this reality was for Mexicans. I realized that as my home city grew, many decisions made by the government were unplanned or c
56olluded. I learned that my home country","url":"/2022/06/07/spotlight-on-latam-identity"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DEVCON VI: Applications Online, Participation Details Inside","date":"2022-06-06","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_581cd60c083fdde9e041f893e70e260f.png"},"content":"\nQueridos amigos,\n\nItâs happening. Devcon is back!\n\nWhen we first announced that Devcon would take place in Bogotá, [we spoke about all the city had to offer](/2020/05/28/devcon-hacia-colombia-en-2021/), and what we dreamed the event could become.\n\nLater this year, we will _finally_ meet in Bogotá. With Devconnect now [wrapped up](/2022/05/30/devconnect-wrap/), our team is working to bring Devconnectâs older sister, Devcon, to life. We canât wait to unite the Ethereum ecosystem in the vibrant capital of Colombia.\n\nBut enough with the teasers! Today weâre releasing details on ticketing, speaker applications, supporter information and more. Enjoy!\n","url":"/2022/06/06/devcon-vi-details"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ropsten TTD Announcement","date":"2022-06-03","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_ae4fdccde72988ce82e722f47913acb3.png"},"content":"\n- A `Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)` of **`50000000000000000`** has been selected for the Ropsten Merge.\n- Stakers and node operators must manually override the `TTD` in both their execution and consensus layer clients **before June 7, 2022**.\n- Proof-of-Work testnets can have volatile hash rates and the exact timing of The Merge on Ropsten is hard to predict accurately. Assuming no unexpected hash rate fluctuations, we expect The Merge to happen around **June 8-9, 2022**.\n- Note that syncing an execution layer client on Ropsten may take several hours to days and **is required** to run through The Merge.\n","url":"/2022/06/03/ropsten-merge-ttd"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup - May 2022","date":"2022-06-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, we check in on projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n\n---\n","url":"/2022/06/01/may-22-grantee-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Wrapping up Devconnect, looking ahead!","date":"2022-05-30","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devconnect","image":"/images/posts/upload_aa8a920fa8d267bc4e47d3024fa01903.png"},"content":"\nA few weeks ago, we came together in Amsterdam for the first-ever Devconnect. Over eight days, members of the Ethereum community hosted events, intensive workshops, and enlightening talks.\n\nWhen we announced Devconnect, we envisioned the ecosystem coming together for depth-first and fruitful discussions, and to learn while making serious progress on specific subjects. Weâre thrilled to say that, thanks to all of you, we exceeded our expectations.\n","url":"/2022/05/30/devconnect-wrap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ropsten Merge Announcement","date":"2022-05-30","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_7edef98ba154912a7bb4f57c2dd74bc8.jpg"},"content":"\n- Ropsten will be the first longstanding testnet to run through The Merge\n- A new Ropsten Beacon Chain was launched on May 30, 2022 to provide consensus to the network\n- The Ropsten Beacon Chain will upgrade to merge-compatible protocol rules (Bellatrix) at slot **`24000`**, expected on June 2, 2022\n- After this, a `Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD)` will be chosen to activate The Merge on the proof-of-work chain. Node Operators will need to manually set this value on their clients.\n- **June 3 update:** the exact Terminal Total Difficulty for the Ropsten Merge is **`50000000000000000`**. A [subsequent announcement](/2022/06/03/ropsten-merge-ttd/) explains how node operators and stakers can ensure their clients are ready for the upgrade. Please update your clientâs TTD before June 7, 2022. \u003c/b\u003e\n","url":"/2022/0
565/30/ropsten-merge-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 35","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-05-19","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- [ETHStaker/clr.fund Ethereum Staking CLR](https://qf.ethstaker.cc/) in progress! Don't wait, 5 days left to contribute\n- Data Availability Sampling is a hard but critical problem. Submit a proposal to the [DAS RFP](https://github.com/ethereum/requests-for-proposals/blob/master/open-rfps/das.md) to get involved: $1.5M in funding available!\n","url":"/2022/05/19/finalized-no-35"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured #4: Bug Bounty Rewards now up to $250,000 USD","subtitle":"Protecting the Ethereum Protocol","date":"2022-05-16","author":"Fredrik Svantes","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_630d77544672a1e0df792c0d71489bd6.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation Bug Bounty Program is one of the earliest and longest running programs of its kind. It was launched in 2015 and targeted the Ethereum PoW mainnet and related software. In 2020, a second Bug Bounty Program for the new Proof-of-Stake Consensus Layer was launched, running alongside the original Bug Bounty Program.\n\nThe split of these programs is historic due to the way the Proof-of-Stake Consensus Layer was architected separately and in parallel to the existing Execution Layer (inside the PoW chain). Since the launch of the Beacon Chain in December of 2020, the technical architecture between the Execution Layer and the Consensus Layer has been distinct, except for the deposit contract, so the two bug bounty programs have remained separated.\n\nIn light of the","url":"/2022/05/16/secured-no-4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Report","subtitle":"April 2022","date":"2022-04-18","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_3cca8441964ecec58d88165b471b8331.jpg"},"content":"\nToday, [weâve published the EF report](https://ethereum.foundation/report-2022-04.pdf), which we hope helps the community understand what the Ethereum Foundation is, our core principles, and our vision of Ethereum as an infinite garden.\n\n[Click here to read the full report](https://ethereum.foundation/report-2022-04.pdf), and to learn more about the EF, our resource allocation processes, 2021 support, and the non-financial ways that EF teams contribute to helping Ethereum continue to grow into everything that we dream for it to become.\n","url":"/2022/04/18/ef-report-april-2022"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured #3: Security Teams","subtitle":"Protecting the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-04-14","author":"Security Research Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_630d77544672a1e0df792c0d71489bd6.jpg"},"content":"\nOver the past year, the Ethereum Foundation has significantly grown its team of dedicated security researchers and engineers. Members have joined from a variety of backgrounds ranging from cryptography, security architecture, risk management, exploit development as well as having worked on red and blue teams. The members come from different fields and have worked on securing everything from the internet services we all depend on each day, to national healthcare systems and central banks.\n\nAs The Merge approaches, a lot of effort from the team is spent analyzing, auditing and researching the Consensus Layer in various ways as well as The Merge itself. A sample of the work is found below.\n","url":"/2022/04/14/secured-no-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 34","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-03-23","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- Kilnð§±ð¥ is up, [check it out](https://kiln.themerge.dev/)\n- #TestingTheMerge is in full swing. Do your part, get involved!\n","url":"/2022/03/23/finalized-no-34"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Kiln Merge Testnet","date":"2022-03-14","author":"Protocol Support Team","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_208a21257acb552128b7b6d0f5277d58.jpg"},"content":"\nThe [Kintsugi ðµ merge testnet](/2021/12/20/kintsugi-merge-testnet), launched late December, has been a valuable testing ground for The Merge. Through various test suites, multi-client devnets, shadow forks of Goerli, application deployments, and the community's help #TestingTheMerge, we've arrived at a set of stable and robust protocol specifications. Now that clients have implemented these latest specs, a successor to Kintsugi, Kiln ð¥ð§±, is being launched!\n\nLike the Ethereum mainnet, Kiln's execution layer was launched under proof-of-work in parallel to a Beacon Chain running proof-of-stake. The Merge happened on Kiln on March 15, 2022. The network is now running entirely under proof-of-stake!\n\nKiln is expected to be the last merge testnet created before existing public testnets are upgraded. Application \u0026 tooling developers, node operators, infrastru
56cture providers and stakers are strongly encouraged","url":"/2022/03/14/kiln-merge-testnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured #2: Public Vulnerability Disclosures","subtitle":"Protecting the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-03-09","author":"Fredrik Svantes","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_630d77544672a1e0df792c0d71489bd6.jpg"},"content":"\nToday, we disclosed the first set of vulnerabilities from the Ethereum Foundation's Bug Bounty Programs. These vulnerabilities were previously discovered and reported directly to the Ethereum Foundation or client teams via the Bug Bounty Programs for both the [Execution Layer](https://bounty.ethereum.org) and [Consensus Layer](https://eth2bounty.ethereum.org).\n\nThrough its Bug Bounty Programs, which allow the Ethereum Foundation (EF) to coordinate and cross-check vulnerabilities across clients, the EF currently accepts vulnerability reports for Nimbus, Teku, Lighthouse, Prysm, Lodestar, Go Ethereum, Nethermind, Erigon and Besu.\n","url":"/2022/03/09/secured-no-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Grants Round for Academic Research","date":"2022-03-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_bf942aa10b05ae61cf7db99dca5c5470.png"},"content":"\nWe are excited to announce a [new wave of grants](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/academic-grants/) to fund formal research that aims to create more knowledge about Ethereum, blockchain technology, and related domains. We encourage academics, research centers, PhD Students and all those interested in researching Ethereum to submit their project proposals. This grants round has up to $750,000 in total available funding.\n","url":"/2022/03/01/academic-grants-round"}
56,{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: January 2022 - Japan Local Grants Edition!","date":"2022-02-24","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nIn todayâs roundup, weâre excited to feature four recipients from a recent Local Grants wave in Japan! We see Ethereum as an ever-growing, creative and inclusive playground, and it is our responsibility to let everyone keep playing.\n\nItâs not easy to commit to public goods or novel use cases without a quick financial return, and itâs important to support the dedicated teams working to solve interesting problems, improve public infrastructure and build creative blockchain use cases. In this Local Grants round, the Ethereum Foundation is happy to shine a spotlight on a local community proactively working to demonstrate the potential of decentralized technology.\n","url":"/2022/02/24/japan-local-grants-round"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon: Hacia Colombia en 2022 [Redux]","date":"2022-02-18","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_2b32fe55f8984608f37d72635a3f8721.jpg"},"content":"\nQueridos Amigos,\n\n_A few years ago, we outlined what Devcon was all about in the original version of this post, and spoke to our renewed focus on growing the Ethereum ecosystem._\n\n_In this updated version, we're excited to re-announce Devcon 6, and to share details on our site-selection, timing and more._\n","url":"/2022/02/18/colombia-in-2022-redux"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q3 and Q4, 2021","date":"2022-02-15","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nThis one's a double header! Below you'll find the lists of grantees from both Q3 and Q4 of 2021.\n\nA note on categories: where we once listed _Ethereum 1.0/1.x_ or _Ethereum 2.0_, you'll now see \"Execution Layer\" and \"Consensus Layer\" respectively. This is part of a broader effort to shift terminology to be more clear, accurate, and inclusive. Check out this [recent post](/2022/01/24/the-great-eth2-renaming) for more on the reasoning for the shift.\n\nAnd now, to the grantees...\n","url":"/2022/02/15/esp-q3-q4-allocation-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devconnect: 18-25 April 2022 in Amsterdam","date":"2022-02-01","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_83966632df3abe4e7f3b3bac6f3aab
56c9.jpg"},"content":"\n_[In our last post](/2021/12/13/announcing-devconnect/), we outlined Devconnect as a week-long gathering that will feature independent Ethereum events, which aim to bring the Ethereum community together in smaller groups to talk, learn about, or make serious progress on specific subjects. Learn more at [Devconnect.org](https://devconnect.org)_\n","url":"/2022/02/01/devconnect-dates-and-details"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: December 2021","date":"2022-01-31","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2022/01/31/esp-roundup-december-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 33","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2022-01-31","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- Merge progress -- minor spec updates, engineering full steam ahead ð\n- No progress in client diversity. Be selfish, run a minority client!\n","url":"/2022/01/31/finalized-no-33"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The great renaming: what happened to Eth2?","date":"2022-01-24","author":"ethereum.org team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/ethereum-hero.png"},"content":"\nEthereum is a protocol undergoing significant changes. Client teams are upgrading the protocol to scale to meet global demand while improving security and decentralization. Beyond protocol development, a critical shift in Ethereum has been the movement away from âEth1â and âEth2â terminology. [As of late 2021, core developers stopped using the terminology](https://notes.ethereum.org/@timbeiko/great-renaming), preferring âexecution layerâ and âconsensus layerâ, respectively. Today, as [highlighted in our Q1 roadmap](https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum-org-website/issues/5105), [ethereum.org](http://ethereum.org/) makes the same shift.\n\n- Eth1 â execution layer\n- Eth2 â consensus layer\n- Execution layer + consensus layer = Ethereum\n\nLetâs explore why.\n","url":"/2022/01/24/the-great-eth2-renaming"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the KZG Ceremony","date":"2022-01-16","author":"EF Protocol Support Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/ethereum-hackmd/upload_81534446e4a8d0f543f70f95f245700f.png"},"content":"\n_High fees have made life difficult for travelers through these Dark Forests. The Pools of Mem once clouded, now clarified by the filter of 1559, reveal that they are not deep enough to sustain._\n\n_Legends tell of a society flourishing under the abundance brought about by DankShard, of giant Roll-Ups subsisting on fields of nourishing Data Blobs, each supporting their own fractal nutrient layers._\n\n_To summon DankShard, our guides point us to a Ceremony. All members of the Lands of Ether and abroad are encouraged to contribute. Each will add their unique contribution to the collective and in doing so, illuminate the path forward._ ð¯\n","url":"/2023/01/16/announcing-kzg-ceremony"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Roundup","subtitle":"2021 Pt. 3","date":"2021-12-22","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nWe all have a lot to be thankful for this holiday season, from the first birthday of the beacon chain, to the successful upgrades over the past year and the incredible progress across the entire Ethereum ecosystem.\n\nAs a highly productive year draws to a close, there are a few final gifts to deliver in the form of updates from many (15+!!) EF-supported teams that are always working to improve the network. And there's a _lot_ of substantive material here, so take some time to sort through the table of contents, and dig in!\n\nAs always, this roundup series focu
56ses on EF-supported teams whose members are working to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates from many teams highlighted in [the","url":"/2021/12/22/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Kintsugi Merge Testnet","date":"2021-12-20","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_199e1f8087c60cd5187bc4bbb47d8396.jpg"},"content":"\nSince returning from the [Amphora merge workshop](/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone/), client teams have been hard at work implementing the latest versions of merge specifications and testing them on devnets.\n\nAfter four ephemeral devnets, Kintsugi ðµ, a _longer-lived public testnet_, is now live!\n\nAlthough client development and UX continue to be refined, we encourage the community to start using Kintsugi to familiarize themselves with Ethereum in a post-merge context. For application developers, [as previously explained](/2021/11/29/how-the-merge-impacts-app-layer/), not much will change. Tooling which only interacts with either the consensus or execution layer is also largely unaffected. Infrastructure which depends on both layers is most likely to need to adapt to support The Merge.\n\nWe recommend most projects begin testing and prototyping on Kintsugi to surface any potential issues soon. This way, changes can more","url":"/2021/12/20/kintsugi-merge-testnet"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An update on Devcon 6, and something new...","subtitle":"Big things are happening in 2022","date":"2021-12-13","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_0d997da374443c74f965f864a7ed9998.jpg"},"content":"\nItâs been a little while, and weâve got some news.\n","url":"/2021/12/13/announcing-devconnect"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Client Incentive Program","date":"2021-12-13","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_85feb744f451f63fe2ce9b39a012fbdd.jpg"},"content":"\n**Note: this post was updated on April 4, 2022 to include a full copy of the Client Incentive Program details.**\n\n---\n\nA diverse set of clients is key to the Ethereum network's health and decentralization. Diversity ensures that innovation continues at the base layer of the protocol, that the network is resilient in the face of potential attacks or bugs, and that a broad set of participants are engaged in debating potential changes to core protocol.\n\nWhile clients provide an essential service to the network (without them, there is no network!), it has historically been difficult for them to capture value. Recently, more avenues have become available for these teams to build sustainable businesses, but most of those focus on mainnet-adjacent opportunities rather than the main Ethereum network.","url":"/2021/12/13/client-incentive-program"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Spotlight on Kenya: Microinsurance for Every Farmer","date":"2021-12-07","author":"Benson Njuguna \u0026 Team Next Billion","category":"Next Billion","image":"/images/posts/upload_c94877685be7e6cba035ca82681ede7f.png"},"content":"\nIn Sub-Saharan Africa, only 3% of 48 million smallholder farmers are [insured](https://www.raflearning.org/sites/default/files/sep_2018_isf_syngneta_insurance_report_final.pdf?token=1i4u5GwD). Owning 1 acre of land and earning approximately $1.40 per person per day characterize a [smallholder farmer](http://www.fao.org/3/i5251e/i5251e.pdf). Smallholder farmers often own a mixture of cash crops and subsistence or non-commercial farming; and, they lack the financial and technological resources of large-scale industrial farms. As extreme weather events become ever more frequent due to climate change, one flood or drought can push such farmers into the spiraling cycle of poverty without protection by means of crop insurance.\n\nThe following is an update from Ethereum Foundation Fellow [Benson Njuguna](http://www.twitter.com/benson_njuguna).\n\n\n\nBenson is on a mission to elevate humanity from an economic standpoint through innovative ideas driven by technology. He is a Business Transformation Specialist at [ACRE Africa](https://acreafrica.com/), a","url":"/2021
56/12/07/fellows-spotlight-on-kenya"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Verkle tree structure","date":"2021-12-02","author":"Guillaume Ballet and Dankrad Feist","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/r\u0026d.jpg"},"content":"\nA Verkle tree is a commitment scheme that works similar to a Merkle tree, but has much smaller witnesses. It works by replacing the hashes in a Merkle tree with a vector commitment, which makes wider branching factors more efficient.\n\n_Thanks to Kevaundray Wedderburn for feedback on the post._\n","url":"/2021/12/02/verkle-tree-structure"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"How The Merge Impacts Ethereumâs Application Layer","date":"2021-11-29","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/r\u0026d.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereum's transition to proof of stake -- The Merge -- is near: devnets are being stood up, specifications are being finalized and community outreach has begun in earnest. The Merge is designed to have minimal impact on how Ethereum operates for end users, smart contracts and dapps. That said, there are some minor changes worth highlighting. Before we dive into them, here are a few links to provide context about the overall Merge architecture:\n\n- [Roadmap evolution](https://tim.mirror.xyz/CHQtTJb1NDxCK41JpULL-zAJe7YOtw-m4UDw6KDju6c)\n- [Post-merge client architecture](https://tim.mirror.xyz/sR23jU02we6zXRgsF_oTUkttL83S3vyn05vJWnnp-Lc)\n\nThe rest of this post will assume the reader is familiar with the above. For those wanting to dig even deeper, the full specifications for The Merge are available here:\n\n- [Execution Layer](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs/blob/master/network-upgrades/mainnet-upgrades/merge.md)\n- [Consensus Layer](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/dev/specs/bellatrix
56)\n- [Engine API](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/tree/main/src/engine)\n","url":"/2021/11/29/how-the-merge-impacts-app-layer"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Update on the partnership between EF and UNICEF","subtitle":"How it started, how far weâve come, whatâs next","date":"2021-11-24","author":"Aya Miyaguchi","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_85feb744f451f63fe2ce9b39a012fbdd.jpg"},"content":"\nSince 2019, we have supported [UNICEFâs CryptoFund](https://cryptofund.unicef.io/) with recurring contributions, and we are excited about [our most recent donation too](https://twitter.com/AyaMiyagotchi/status/1450752846454919171). Today, I would like to share the story of our journey together, to recognize some of the achievements of our partnership, and to speak a bit more about whatâs next.\n","url":"/2021/11/24/ef-unicef-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 32","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-11-22","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- Kintsugiðµ [in progress](https://notes.ethereum.org/@djrtwo/kintsugi-milestones) -- testnet to come\n- Stakers must upgrade for [Arrow Glacier](/2021/11/10/arrow-glacier-announcement/)\n","url":"/2021/11/22/finalized-no-32"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Grants for Advocacy Non-Profits","date":"2021-11-16","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_85feb744f451f63fe2ce9b39a012fbdd.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation is allocating 1 million USD in grant funding to organizations that educate governments and policymakers about Ethereum and blockchain technology. We encourage others in the Ethereum community to support their important work.\n","url":"/2021/11/16/advocacy-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Arrow Glacier Upgrade Announcement","date":"2021-11-10","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_1c575fc7a087559b3f7476c86f1b8f6f.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a scheduled upgrade at **block number 13,773,000**, which is predicted to occur on **Wednesday, December 8, 2021**. The exact date is subject to change due to variable block times and timezones. **Please upgrade your node before Sunday, December 5, 2021 to account for the variable block times.**\n","url":"/2021/11/10/arrow-glacier-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q2 2021","date":"2021-11-04","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's that time again - our Q2 grantee lineup is coming right up.\n\nBut before we get to that: _ESP is hiring a Team Lead!_ We're looking for someone organized, innovative, and passionate about Ethereum. If you think you might be the right person to lead a small but hardworking grants team, see the job posting and apply [here](https://ethereum.bamboohr.com/jobs/view.php?id=43).\n\nAnd now, to the grantees:\n\n| Category | Project ","url":"/2021/11/04/esp-allocation-update-q2-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Devcon Archive V2","subtitle":"Community focused and decentralized","date":"2021-11-03","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_28fc1d8000e417fa3ae5e8492419bbc6.png"},"content":"\nDevcon _is_ [coming in 2022](https://twitter.com/EFDevcon/status/1453783632208928770) (along with something new ð¤«), but ahead of our next event updates, we invite you to check out a completely refreshed Devcon archive.\n","url":"/2021/11/03/devcon-archive-v2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 31","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-11-02","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\nThis issue of _Finalized_ is dedicated to the contextualization of a recently [published paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10086#) describing three possible attacks on Ethereum's proof-of-stake algorithm.\n\ntl;dr\n\n\u003e These are serious attacks with a formally-analyzed, technically-simple mitigation. A fix will be rolled out prior to the Merge and _will not_ delay Merge timelines.\n","url":"/2021
56/11/02/finalized-no-31"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: September 2021","date":"2021-10-22","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/10/22/esp-grantee-roundup-sep-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 30","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-10-19","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\nAltair is fast approaching. Upgrade your nodes! **_Now!_**\n","url":"/2021/10/19/finalized-no-30"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Amphora: A Major Merge Milestone","date":"2021-10-15","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_e930da14c684ed98ea0c81eb83d6e5b7.jpg"},"content":"\nEarlier this year, the [Rayonism hackathon](/2021/05/25/finalized-no-26/) kicked off to protoype the architecture for Ethereum's transition to proof of stake. The transition, often refered to as The Merge, will keep the existing beacon chain (eth2) and execution layer (eth1) clients, and \"merge\" both chains by making the beacon chain drive the execution layer's consensus. This approach is the most recent in a series of iterations to the Ethereum roadmap (more on that [here](https://tim.mirror.xyz/CHQtTJb1NDxCK41JpULL-zAJe7YOtw-m4UDw6KDju6c)).\n\nWhile Rayonism proved that this was a sound architecture, there were still several things left to design, implement and test, including the actual proof of work (PoW) to proof of stake (PoS) transition. To do so, client teams met face to face last week (analogous to the [Eth2 Interop from 2019](/2019/09/19/eth2-interop-in-review/)) for a workshop","url":"/2021/10/15/amphora-merge-milestone"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Altair Mainnet Announcement","date":"2021-10-05","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/r\u0026d.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Altair beacon chain upgrade is ready to be activated on the Ethereum mainnet. The upgrade will go live at epoch _74240_ (Oct 27, 2021, 10:56:23am UTC).\n","url":"/2021/10/05/altair-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org Translation Program: Milestones and Updates","date":"2021-10-04","author":"Luka Kropec","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/ethereum-hero.png"},"content":"\nThe ethereum.org Translation Program has been [live for over two years](/2019/08/20/translating-ethereum-for-our-global-community/), and we are excited to share a couple of milestones we have hit since its inception, as well as some of our plans for the future.\n\nSince we launched the initiative in 2019, over 2,000 community members have contributed, translating a total of 2.8 million words so far!\n\nThanks to all this activity, [ethereum.org is now available in 37 different languages](https://ethereum.org/en/languages/).\n\nWhile English continues to be the primary language viewed on the site (88% of total page views), traffic to translated pages is growing as well and has more than tripled since last year:\n\n\n\nSome of the recent progress we have made:\n\n- In December 2020, we [announced the creation of content versions","url":"/2021/10/04/translation-program-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 29","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-09-28","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\nAltair is here; the Merge is coming.\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Altair [upgrade epoch set](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2625), mainnet client releases in progress ð\n- [Merge interop spec](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2625) released. Devnets to follow ðº\n","url":"/2021
56/09/28/finalized-no-29"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: August 2021","date":"2021-09-22","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/09/22/esp-grantee-roundup-aug-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secured no. 1","subtitle":"Protecting the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-09-09","author":"Antonio Sanso","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_630d77544672a1e0df792c0d71489bd6.jpg"},"content":"\nEarlier this year, we launched a [bug bounty program](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/get-involved/bug-bounty) focused on finding issues in the beacon chain specification, and/or in client implementations (Lighthouse, Nimbus, Teku, Prysm etc...). The results (and vulnerability reports) have been enlightening as have the lessons learned while patching potential issues.\n\nIn this new series, we aim to explore and share some of the insight we've gained from security work to date and as we move forward.\n\nThis first post will analyze some of the submissions specifically targeting BLS primitives.\n\n**Disclaimer**: All bugs mentioned in this post have been already fixed.\n","url":"/2021/09/09/secured-no-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Core Developer Apprenticeship Program: The Second Cohort","date":"2021-09-06","author":"Piper Merriam","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/r\u0026d.jpg"},"content":"\nDoes development of the core protocols that power the Ethereum blockchain excite you? Are you interested in getting involved at the most fundemental and technical levels of the Ethereum protocol?\n\nI am excited to announce that **we are now accepting applications for the second cohort of the Core Developer Apprenticeship Program (CDAP)**!\n","url":"/2021/09/06/core-dev-apprenticeship-second-cohort"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 28","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-08-25","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\nThe Road to Altair edition ð£âï¸\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Pyrmont upgrade successful, [scenario testing](https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/issues/59) underway\n- Prater upgrade [scheduled](https://github.com/eth-clients/eth2-networks/pull/58) for September 2, 12pm UTC\n- Mainnet to follow\n","url":"/2021/08/25/finalized-no-28"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Building Together: Execution-Layer Client Ecosystem Fundraise","date":"2021-08-24","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_85feb744f451f63fe2ce9b39a012fbdd.jpg"},"content":"\nEthereumâs diverse client ecosystem is at the foundation of all that weâre building together. This includes both `execution-layer` and `consensus-layer` clients, both of which are essential parts of Ethereum's post-merge future.\n\nSupporting execution-layer (formerly âEth1â) clients remains one of the Ethereum Foundationâs highest priorities. These client teams have supported Ethereumâs growth over the past several years, and they will continue to provide critical infrastructure for the network post-merge, as Ethereum transitions to a Proof of Stake consensus system. Since January 2020, the EF has spent more than $10M on execution-layer client R\u0026D. Our steadfast support will continue as these teams adapt and scale along with the broader community.\n\nAt the same time, we believe it is healthy for Ethereum clients to receive funding and support from a","url":"/2021/08/24/building-together"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Roundup","subtitle":"2021 Pt. 2","date":"2021-08-12","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nWelcome to London! This is an exciting time for the Ethereum ecosystem, and the pace will only pick up further as we approach Altair [[1]](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaAEGs1DMgQ) [[2]](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdhHJa2SEwY) and [the Merge](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/merge/) in the months ahead.\n\nThe Beacon Chain now has 6.5+ million Ether staked, and 200K+ active validators online across five clients, and the network is now [burning Ether](https://medium.com/ethereum-cat-herders/london-upgrade-overview-8eccb0041b41) as part of the changes made with the London update.\n\nAs always, thereâs much more progress being made by EF-supported projects and team
56s that help to improve our Ethereum experience. This roundup series is an opportunity to highlight their efforts to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates from many teams highlighted in [the previous Supported Teams update](/2021/04/26/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-1/), and more.\n\nEnjoy!\n","url":"/2021/08/12/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: July 2021","date":"2021-08-06","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/08/06/esp-grantee-roundup-july-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 27","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-07-26","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- It's [time to upgrade](/2021/07/15/london-mainnet-announcement/) for London\n- Merge [checklist](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/blob/master/Merge/mainnet-readiness.md) and [draft EIP](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/3675) released\n- Altair devnets launch; clients position themselves for mainnet\n","url":"/2021/07/26/finalized-no-27"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"London Mainnet Announcement","date":"2021-07-15","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_78689668e1876c0ff3fc3f0eb1d1206b.jpg"},"content":"","url":"/2021/07/15/london-mainnet-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Road to Devcon Meetup and Event Grants","date":"2021-07-15","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_9921db015e0d1e113ce44c717ea1b092.jpg"},"content":"\nCommunity organizers are the glue that holds the Ethereum ecosystem together, and whether they're leading large-scale events, local meetups, hackathons or seminars, we might all be wandering in the dark forest of the analog world without them. But where's the fun in relying on chance encounters with kindred spirits identified by a telltale laptop sticker, or that indefinable air of cryptocool?\n\nAlthough major events tend to generate more buzz, not everyone can travel halfway across the world for a conference. Smaller events play a crucial role in making Ethereum inclusive, accessible and cohesive: anyone with an internet connection and a laptop can participate in a virtual meetup or join an online hackathon team, and there are myriad opportunities at any given time.\n\nWith this in mind, the","url":"/2021/07/15/r2d-meetup-and-event-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q1 2021","date":"2021-07-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\nHappy July! Read on for the list of projects funded in Q1 of this year.\n\nBut first: office hours are in session! Signups are open now through this Sunday (July 4) for teams or individuals to request a one-on-one call with the ESP team during the week of July 5-9. These calls are a simplified way for teams or individuals to access certain types of support such as high-level feedback, resource recommendations or guidance on applying for grants. More info and guidelines [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/o9tjn1/ecosystem_support_program_office_hours_signups/).\n","url":"/2021/07/01/esp-allocation-update-q1-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"London Testnets Announcement","date":"2021-06-18","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_dc8a2520f38632471825db8919ecad7a.jpg"},"content":"\nThe long-anticipated London upgrade is now ready for deployement on the Ethereum testnets! The upgrade will first go live on Ropsten, at block **10499401**, which is expected to happen around June 24, 2021.\n\nThis upgrade follows [Berlin](/2021/03/08/ethereum-berlin-upgrade-announcement/), which was activated only a few months ago on the Ethereum mainnet. By starting the work on London while Berlin was being rolled out, client teams were able to release this network upgrade at record speed! The upgrade includes the following EIPs:\n\n- [EIP-1559: Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559)\n- [EIP-3198: BASEFEE opcode](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3198)\n- [
56EIP-3529: Reduction in refunds](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3529)\n- [EIP-3541: Reject new contracts starting with the 0xEF byte](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3541)\n- [EIP-3554: Difficulty Bomb Delay to December 1st 2021](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3554)\n\nThe Ethereum Cat Herders have put out [a blog post](https://medium.com/ethereum-cat-herders/london-upgrade-overview-8eccb0041b41) going over the details of these","url":"/2021/06/18/london-testnets-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: May 2021","date":"2021-06-02","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/06/02/esp-grantee-roundup-may-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 26","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-05-25","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\nSteady progress\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [Altair progress](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v1.1.0-alpha.6)\n- [Rayonism](https://rayonism.io/) wrapped up; The Merge progresses\n","url":"/2021/05/25/finalized-no-26"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Quests along the Road to Devcon","date":"2021-05-19","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_5165d4bf3578a20d919b947ca8a12aad.jpg"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nAs the Ethereum ecosystem continues to grow and mature at break-neck speeds, we continue to work hard on delivering an amazing Devcon 6. Though the timing is still unclear as to when weâll all be able to reunite in Bogota, we want to keep our community involved along the Road to Devcon! In an effort to do this, weâre announcing Road to Devcon Quests!\n","url":"/2021/05/19/quests-along-the-road"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum's energy usage will soon decrease by ~99.95%","date":"2021-05-18","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_08cb0dec8c7047a9872ee8f56d5d78bb.png"},"content":"\n**TL;DR: Ethereum will use at least ~99.95% less energy post merge.**\n\nEthereum will be completing the transition to Proof-of-Stake in the upcoming months, which brings a myriad of improvements that have been theorized for years. But now that the Beacon chain has been running for a few months, we can actually dig into the numbers. One area that we're excited to explore involves new energy-use estimates, as we end the process of expending a country's worth of energy on consensus.\n\nThere aren't any concrete statistics on energy consumption (or even what hardware is used) as of yet, so what follows is a ball-park estimation of the energy consumption of the future of Ethereum.\n\nAs many people are running multiple validators, I've decided to use the number of unique","url":"/2021/05/18/country-power-no-more"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Dodging a bullet: Ethereum State Problems","date":"2021-05-18","author":"Martin Holst Swende \u0026 Peter Szilagyi","category":"Security"},"content":"\nWith this blog post, the intention is to officially disclose a severe threat against the Ethereum platform, which was a clear and present danger up until the Berlin hardfork.\n","url":"/2021/05/18/eth-state-problems"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Core Developer Apprenticeship Program","subtitle":"Get involved in developing at the protocol level!","date":"2021-05-13","author":"Piper Merriam","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/r\u0026d.jpg"},"content":"\nHave you have ever been interested in getting involved in the development of the core Ethereum protocols? If so, there is a new program to discuss that's targeted at you. As part of an EF procotol-support initiative, I'm very excited to announce the **\"Core Developer Apprenticeship Program\"**.\n","url":"/2021
56/05/13/core-dev-apprenticeship"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum for the Next Billion: Announcing the EF Fellowship Program","date":"2021-05-07","author":"Aya Miyaguchi","category":"Next Billion","image":"/images/posts/upload_c94877685be7e6cba035ca82681ede7f.png"},"content":"\nThe progress being made in the Ethereum ecosystem lately is really inspiring. Whether youâre excited by the adoption of proof of stake (and a faster, more secure, greener Ethereum), the coming Merge and other big upgrades, or by some of the many applications and solutions that have the power to change diverse industries, it is a great time to be a part of the Ethereum community.\n","url":"/2021/05/07/ethereum-for-the-next-billion"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: April 2021","date":"2021-05-03","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on a couple of projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/05/03/esp-grantee-roundup-april-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Update","subtitle":"2021 Pt. 1","date":"2021-04-26","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nThe year ahead will be filled with upgrades and big ideas from across the Ethereum ecosystem. Since our last _Supported Teams_ post (which followed the launch of the beacon chain), the network has seen 3.8+ million Ether staked, and 120K+ active validators online across multiple clients.\n\nIn recent days, the launch of the Berlin network upgrade was completed, and since thereâs always progress being made by other EF-supported projects, these updates are an opportunity to highlight more efforts to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates from many teams highlighted in [the previous Supported Teams update](/2020/12/09/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2020-pt-2/), and more.\n\nEnjoy!\n","url":"/2021/04/26/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 25","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-04-02","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- [Rayonism](https://rayonism.io/)âï¸, hacking the Merge together\n- `blst` [security advisory](https://github.com/supranational/blst/security/advisories/GHSA-x279-68rr-jp4p)\n- Reminder! Beacon Chain [security+testing RfP](https://notes.ethereum.org/@lsankar/security-rfp)\n","url":"/2021/04/02/finalized-no-25"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: March 2021","date":"2021-04-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n_Itâs always fun to hear about new grants as theyâre awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, weâll check in on projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!_\n","url":"/2021/04/01/esp-grantee-roundup-march-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 24","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-03-24","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- Altair prereleases: [Stargazer](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v1.1.0-alpha.1) and [Half of 'em just look like dots](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v1.1.0-alpha.2)\n- Security RfP\n- Merge progress\n","url":"/2021/03/24/finalized-no-24"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Supporting Ethereumâs Client Ecosystem","subtitle":"Execution \u0026 consensus layer funding updates","date":"2021-03-23","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_85feb744f451f63fe2ce9b39a012fbdd.jpg"},"content":"\nWith the arrival of the beacon chain in 2020, Ethereum today supports two types of clients: those focusing on the `execution-layer` (often referred to as eth1) and those powering the proof-of-stake `consensus layer` (
56aka eth2). As those running validators are well aware (since they run both client types), each serves a specific purpose, and powers a different part of one Ethereum.\n\nRecognizing the importance that both client sets represent to the long term health and network diversity of Ethereum, our work to support the full landscape of clients is fundamental to our work in the ecosystem.\n","url":"/2021/03/23/supporting-ethereums-client-ecosystem"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q4 2020","date":"2021-03-22","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_fd63dc334e72e1c2885cb7969adc1faf.jpg"},"content":"\n2021 is just getting started, but it's already been quite an eventful year! We've got the list of Q4 funded projects below, but we also want to share some updates from the ESP team. We're always looking for more ways to support the ecosystem as it grows and evolves, so we've tried a couple of new things in recent months. Read on to learn more and see how you can get involved.\n","url":"/2021/03/22/esp-allocation-update-q4-2020"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Finalized no. 23","subtitle":"the Ethereum consensus-layer","date":"2021-03-11","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_4dae2a4ab4b6c89615b4b5c624c04b52.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- _Finalized_: rebranding the blog\n- Upgrade your nodes!\n","url":"/2021/03/11/finalized-no-23"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Berlin Upgrade Announcement","date":"2021-03-08","author":"Tim Beiko","category":"Protocol Announcements","image":"/images/posts/upload_dcb0937c8bd662aae368f066f588abde.jpg"},"content":"\nTL;DR\n\n- Berlin is ready to be deployed!\n- We're moving fast: **the first testnet to upgrade, Ropsten, is scheduled to upgrade on March 10th.** Mainnet is scheduled for April 15th.\n- If you are running an Ethereum node, you should upgrade it to a Berlin-compatible version ASAP for testnets and before April 7th for mainnet.\n- See below for the list of Berlin-compatible client versions and details on the EIPs included in the upgrade.\n- **The Besu client has [reported a bug](https://twitter.com/ConsenSysQuorum/status/1371836238861369349) in their previous Berlin release. Besu users should upgrade to version 21.1.2.**\n","url":"/2021/03/08/ethereum-berlin-upgrade-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Local Grants Honduras \u0026 Colombia Roundup","date":"2021-03-04","author":"Local Grants Program","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_6adc05f98de11e4e964469d38ab39e69.png"},"content":"\nEthereum is very much a global community, but within that larger ecosystem lives a vast and vibrant web of local, grassroots communities.\n\nThese local community nodes are a [Schelling point](\u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_point_(game_theory)\u003e) for thousands of Ethereans, often organized around a shared geography, language, or on-the-ground meetup. They're also a gateway for onboarding thousands of soon-to-be Ethereans, be it through meetups, talks, hackathons, study groups, and the like. Which means they're home to countless opportunities for growing the ecosystem. As such, the Ethereum Foundation is continuously exploring ways to support and learn from local communities.\n\nTo this end, the EF has piloted the concept of \"Local Grant waves\", where we work in tandem with organizers to coordinate a fixed-length, community-focused open call for proposals.\n\nThe EF has trialed local grants in","url":"/2021/03/04/local-grants-honduras-colombia-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth v1.10.0","date":"2021-03-03","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOh wow, it's been a while... over 1.5 years since we've released [Geth v1.9.0](/2019/07/10/geth-v1-9-0/). We did do 26 point releases in that time frame (about one per three weeks), but pushing out a major release is always a bit more special. The adrenaline rush of shipping new features, coupled with the fear of something going horribly wrong. Still unsure if I like it or hate it. Either way, Ethereum is evolving and we need to push the envelope to keep up with it.\n\n**_Without further ado, please welcome [Geth v1.10.
560](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.10.0) to the Ethereum family._**\n","url":"/2021/03/03/geth-v1-10-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: February 2021","date":"2021-03-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_2b64b333510e4089691157ccc57a9d37.png"},"content":"\nThis month, we've got the latest on from two groups doing great work to grow the Ethereum ecosystem!\n","url":"/2021/03/01/esp-grantee-february-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 22","date":"2021-02-11","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- Successful [R\u0026D workshop](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGeIDNEwHjs\u0026t=510s) on future beacon chain upgrades\n- Staking community grants [announced](/2021/02/09/esp-staking-community-grantee-announcement)\n- Quick plug for my [State of Eth2, Jan 2021](/2021/01/20/the-state-of-eth2-january-2021/) post\n","url":"/2021/02/11/eth2-quick-update-no-22"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Staking community grantee announcement","date":"2021-02-09","author":"Lakshman Sankar","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_8ee2dcfef8a22561e3dfd4dd8babcd8a.jpg"},"content":"\nWe're excited to announce the grantees selected for the recent [staking community grants round](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/get-involved/staking-community-grants/).\n\nThis grants round invited proposals that make the Ethereum staking experience easier, safer, and more secure. We were thrilled to see all of the great work proposed by these teams, and we're looking forward to continuing to find new ways to support the ecosystem. In the meantime, if you're working on something in this space and could use support, consider submitting a project inquiry with the [Ecosystem Support Program](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/en/).\n\nMore than $1M has been allocated across 25 grants in 4 different categories:\n\n| category | amount (USD) |\n| ----------------------------- | ------------ |\n| community","url":"/2021/02/09/esp-staking-community-grantee-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: January 2021","date":"2021-01-29","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_2b64b333510e4089691157ccc57a9d37.png"},"content":"\nOur intrepid grantees have been keeping busy as always - read on for some recent accomplishments ð\n","url":"/2021/01/29/esp-grantee-january-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Long(er) road to Devcon","date":"2021-01-26","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_28fc1d8000e417fa3ae5e8492419bbc6.png"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nIn the time since the last Devcon announcement, the state of the Ethereum ecosystem has been electric. Weâve realized critical milestones on the Eth2 roadmap, as well as countless breakthroughs and major progress by teams across the ecosystem. We are incredibly excited to celebrate these achievements with all of you at Devcon in Bogota soon.\n\nThat said, we need to talk about timing, because weâve made the difficult decision to hold off on reuniting for a bit longer rather than pushing ahead with our August target (âï¸â). While nothing is guaranteed given the ongoing pandemic, weâre hopeful that a new date announcement is possible soon with the availability of COVID-19 vaccines ramping up now, and updated pandemic-related trends improving. Still, we want to make sure we","url":"/2021/01/26/the-longer-road-to-devcon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The State of Eth2, Jan 2021","date":"2021-01-20","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/ef-update-01.png"},"content":"\nAt the start of December, the Ethereum community bootstrapped the new beacon chain proof-of-stake consensus mechanism -- the foundation of Ethereum's long-term and sustainable home. The launch was a resounding success, and the operation of the beacon chain has proved, thus far, stable and robust.\n\nAs I write these words, the beacon chain is live with more than [2.5M ETH](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa) securing its consensus. So this is the \"state of eth2\" today. But what's next? What's on the horizon, and where are we going?\n\nThis post aims to provide high level context on the state of Ethereum's eth2 upgrade -- _an overhaul of Ethereum's core consensus to provide a more **sustainable**, **secure**, and **scalable** home for Ethereum and its community_.\n\nThis post does _not_ go deep into technical details,","url":"/2021
56/01/20/the-state-of-eth2-january-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup December 2020","date":"2020-12-29","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_2b64b333510e4089691157ccc57a9d37.png"},"content":"\nWe're here with our last hurrah before we head into 2021 - read on for the latest news on a few grantees!\n","url":"/2020/12/29/esp-grantee-december-20"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org Translation Program: Milestones and Updates","category":"Ethereum.org","date":"2020-12-21","author":"ethereum.org team","image":"/images/posts/ethereum-hero.png"},"content":"\nWe hope that you are all excited for the upcoming year-end holidays. Today, we've got some exciting new changes to announce for Ethereum.org's Translation Program and some milestones to celebrate.\n\nTo start, we canât thank you enough for all of your support this year. Thanks to you we've been able to update 16 languages in 2020!\n\nAnd since our launch 13 months ago, unique pageviews of translated content have grown 10 times more than last year. ð\n\n\n\nBut we don't want to stop there...\n","url":"/2020/12/21/translation-program-milestones-updates-20"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #6 - Perfect is the enemy of the good","date":"2020-12-10","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_08cb0dec8c7047a9872ee8f56d5d78bb.png"},"content":"\n```\nT'was the day before genesis, when all was prepared,\ngeth was in sync, my beacon node paired.\nFirewalls configured, VLANs galore,\nhours of preparation meant nothing ignored.\n```\n\n```\nThen all at once everything went awry,\nthe SSD in my system decided to die.\nMy configs were gone, chain data was history,\nnothing to do but trust in next day delivery.\n```\n\n```\nI found myself designing backups and redundancies.\nComplicated systems consumed my fantasies.\nThinking further I came to realise:\nworrying about these kinds of failures was quite unwise.\n```\n","url":"/2020/12/10/validated-perfect-is-the-enemy-of-the-good"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Update","subtitle":"2020 Pt. 2","date":"2020-12-09","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nLeaves have fallen for those in the global north, Summer is on the way in the south, and ETH is staked across the globe. The jolliest of holidays has arrived, the birth of the beacon chain. Moreover, incredible progress has been made in recent months by _all_ EF supported teams. But without the ability to interact in person recently, we mightâve missed quite a bit from one another. So as this unique year draws to a close, weâre excited to bring a whole host of detailed updates to you from some of the teams that help to move Ethereum forward in so many ways. It's a long read, but there is a lot of progress to work through (or feel free to navigate around using","url":"/2020/12/09/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2020-pt-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"We are sunsetting Studio","category":"Ethereum.org","date":"2020-12-07","author":"ethereum.org team"},"content":"\nWithin the next few weeks, we'll be winding down [Ethereum Studio](https://studio.ethereum.org).\n\nPlease use this time to download any projects you have saved. To download your project, use the download icon in the file explorer.\n\nIf you're looking for another web environment for your Solidity development, we recommend [Remix](https://remix.ethereum.org).\n\nAlso, we encourage you to consider setting up a local development environment. For tools, documentation, and more, [check out our developer portal](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/).\n","url":"/2020/12/07/we-are-sunsetting-studio"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Burden of Proof(s): Code Merkleization","date":"2020-11-30","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\n\u003e **A note about the Stateless Ethereum initiative:**\n\u003e Research activity has (understandably) slowed in the second half of 2020 as all contributors have adjusted to life on the weird timeline. But as the ecosystem moves incrementally closer to Serenity and the Eth1/Eth2 merge, Stateless Ethereum work will become increasingly relevant and impactful. Expect a more substantial year-end Stateless Ethereum retrospective in the coming weeks.\n\nLet's roll through the re-cap one more time: The ultimate goal of Stateless Ethereum is to remove the _requirement_ of an Ethereum node to keep a full copy of the updated state trie at all times, and to instead allow for changes of state to rely on a (much smaller) piece of data that proves a particular transaction is making a valid","url":"/2020/11/30/the-1x-files-code-merkleization"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 21 ","date":"2020-11-27","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\n_Minimum ETH threshold hit ð; genesis on December 1st, 12pm UTC_\n**Get your nodes running! and monitor updates through genesis ð**\n","url":"/2020/11/27/eth2-quick-update-no-21"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EthereumJS VM v5 Release","date":"2020-11-26","author":"The EF JavaScript Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_dbe7960618939e067575d87951485537.jpg"},"content":"\nWhile everyone is staring in amazement on December 1st, 12pm UTC anticipating the Eth 2.0 Beaconchain genesis, within the JavaScript team we quietly prepared our own little genesis release in the shadows. Being very much around the good ol' Eth 1.0 chain we are nevertheless very much excited on this too. ð\n\nSome background story: the [EthereumJS](https://github.com/ethereumjs) ecosystem around the [VM](https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-vm) consists of a very modular set of libraries (vm, blockchain, merkle-patricia-tree, tx,...), each encapsulating its own dedicated set of functionality. While this is great for the user, it turned out to be not so great for development since it often becomes necessary to do changes on several libraries at once which is hard and time-consuming to act upon in a consistency-preserving way having the libraries","url":"/2020/11/26/ethereumjs-vm-v5-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Allocation Update: Q3 2020","date":"2020-11-25","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_82074c38cdfeaaff7ed5208a4336ed16.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's quarterly update time again! The big news is is the Q3 grantees, of course, but we always like to share what else the ESP team has been up to. A few things we've knocked out lately:\n\n- Added a [Guide to ESP](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/en/guide/) on our website. Here you'll find details on our mission, what we look for in the projects we support, types of support we provide, our process for accepting and evaluating grant proposals, and more.\n- Published the first in a series of [monthly roundups
56](/2020/11/18/esp-grantee-roundup-november-2020/) where we'll share progress on ongoing grants.\n- Participated in events from meetups in Bangkok and Sao Paolo to\n virtual hackathons hosted by [ETHGlobal](https://ethglobal.co/), [ETHPlanet](https://www.ethplanet.org/), and [Web3Bridge](http://www.web3bridge.com/).\n\nAnd of course, we got grants out to lots of excellent teams. Here's the","url":"/2020/11/25/esp-q3-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Grantee Roundup: November 2020","date":"2020-11-18","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_82074c38cdfeaaff7ed5208a4336ed16.jpg"},"content":"\nIt's always fun to hear about new grants as they're awarded, but what happens after the announcement? In this series, we'll check in on projects that are well underway - or already at the finish line. Read on to learn about some recent milestones and achievements by grantees!\n\n_Where applicable, the grant recipient is listed first, followed by the project for which the grant was awarded._\n\n**[Fuel Labs](https://fuel.sh/)** for **Optimistic Rollup R\u0026D, SparsENS**\n\nFuel Labs is best known for their work on a UTXO-based design for scalable, trust-minimized optimistic rollups. This multitasking team is also developing SparsENS, a stateless ENS subdomain registrar aiming to reduce transaction costs for registering ENS subdomains. Fuel Labs' grant went toward both these efforts, and in recent months they have hit some major","url":"/2020/11/18/esp-grantee-roundup-november-2020"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Medalla data challenge results","date":"2020-11-17","author":"Lakshman Sankar \u0026 Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_54f9fe7e323062c6f2ec9f94c2830056.jpg"},"content":"\nThe EF is excited to announce the results of the [Medalla data challenge](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/get-involved/medalla-data-challenge/), a data hackathon focused on the Medalla testnet â¨\n\nThe prompt was open-ended: we asked for data tools, visualizations, and analyses of testnet data; in short, anything that would help the community make sense of all the data.\n\nOver the course of six weeks we received 23 submissions from a wide variety of teams. We were pleased to see high quality submissions for every category.\n\nPrizes are divided into three tiers based on scope, extensibility, and usefulness to the community.\n","url":"/2020/11/17/medalla-data-challenge-results"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 20","date":"2020-11-13","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\ntl;dr\n\n- [Staking community grants](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/get-involved/staking-community-grants/)\n- v1.0 eth2 testnets -- [Toledo](https://toledo.beaconcha.in/) and [Pyrmont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrmont,_New_South_Wales)\n- Mainnet deposits to [`0x00000000219ab540356cBB839Cbe05303d7705Fa`](https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000219ab540356cbb839cbe05303d7705fa)\n","url":"/2020/11/13/eth2-quick-update-no-20"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth security release","subtitle":"Critical patch for CVE-2020-28362","date":"2020-11-12","author":"Geth team","category":"Security"},"content":"","url":"/2020/11/12/geth-security-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 19","date":"2020-11-04","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n```\nContract deployment\nGenesis deposits\nBootstrap consensus\n```\n\ntl;dr\n\n\u003e [v1.0 specs](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v1.0.0) released ð\n","url":"/2020/11/04/eth2-quick-update-no-19"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing the new ethereum.org developer portal","category":"Ethereum.org","date":"2020-10-22","author":"ethereum.org team"},"content":"\nHey Ethereum community! We last spoke August 5 â how you been? We're here to talk about something fresh we've shipped.\n\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CvRjBbsPpUY\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\nMaybe you've already noticed, but we've got [a new _Developers_ section](http://ethereum.org/en/developers). For a long time, this content was a wall of links to products you might find helpful when building a dapp. We provided very little context and left a lot of connecting the dots up to you. We thought we could do better.\n\n\n\nTechnical information about Ethereum is often fragmented, which can be a barrier for new developers who are trying to get their bearings.\n\nGetting to grips with Ethereum development can feel like running uphill against","url":"/2020/10/22/introducing-the-new-developer-portal"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 18","date":"2020-10-01","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\n```\nOh you, Spadina,\nFinally, finality\nHello and farewell\n```\n\ntl;dr\n\n- A quick Spadina postmortem\n- New testnet: Zinken. [Launc
56hpad](https://zinken.launchpad.ethereum.org/) is live; Genesis deposits due in one week!\n","url":"/2020/10/01/eth2-quick-update-no-18"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 17","date":"2020-09-22","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nð£ Last chance to practice genesis before mainnet ð£\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [Spadina Launchpad](https://spadina.launchpad.ethereum.org/) is live. Spadina genesis in 7 days!\n- [Deposit CLI audit](https://github.com/trailofbits/publications/blob/master/reviews/ETH2DepositCLI.pdf) completed by Trail of Bits\n- [EIP 2982: Serenity Phase 0](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/2982) released ð\n","url":"/2020/09/22/eth2-quick-update-no-17"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 16","date":"2020-09-14","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\n```\nCanât travel these days\nMiss the people, not the planes\nSpadina, not Spain\n```\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [Spadina](https://github.com/goerli/medalla/pull/46) (deposit and genesis dress rehearsal) testnet coming up\n- [Medalla Data Challenge](https://ethereum.org/en/eth2/get-involved/medalla-data-challenge/) in progress\n- [RFP](https://notes.ethereum.org/@djrtwo/blst-rfp) for audit of [`blst`](https://github.com/supranational/blst) super fast BLS12-381 signature library ð¥\n","url":"/2020/09/14/eth2-quick-update-no-16"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Q2 Allocation Update","date":"2020-09-08","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_82074c38cdfeaaff7ed5208a4336ed16.jpg"},"content":"\nHello again! Weâre back to share the grants that went out over the second quarter of 2020 - but first, some ESP updates from the last few months:\n\nWe're writing about grants today, but grants are not the only kind of support ESP can offer! We recently published a [blog post](/2020/05/19/ethereum-foundation-spring-2020-update/) featuring some amazing teams that you wonât find on the list below, since they received support other than the traditional grants highlighted here.\n\nMeanwhile, the community has put on some awesome virtual events that really are the next best thing to the in-person gatherings that we've all been missing - and in some ways, [even better](https://twitter.com/EF_ESP/status/1278415354860109826?s=20). Through some of these events the ESP team has had the opportunity to connect with hackers and attendees all over","url":"/2020/09/08/esp-q2-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 15","date":"2020-09-01","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\n_Farmer minds his crops_\n\n_An optimistic outlook_\n\n_The fields are aflame_\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Medalla chugging along smoothly\n- Client diversity is a must\n- eth1+eth2 (Phase 1.5 aka The Merge) [end-to-end demo](https://twitter.com/mkalinin2/status/1299038199591862274)\n- Testing and audits continue as we approach Phase 0 launch\n","url":"/2020/09/01/eth2-quick-update-no-15"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Stateless Tech Tree: reGenesis Edition","date":"2020-08-25","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nThis week we're revising the [Tech Tree](https://github.com/ethereum/stateless-ethereum-specs/blob/master/techTree.md) to reflect some new major milestones to Ethereum 1.x R\u0026D that are not quite a complete realization of Stateless Ethereum, but much more reasonably attainable in the mid-term. The most significant addition to the tech tree is Alexey's reGenesis proposal. This is far from a well-specified upgrade, but the general sentiment from R\u0026D is that reGenesis offers a less dramatic yet much more attainable step towards the ultimate goal of the \"fully stateless\" vision. In many ways complimentary to reGenesis is a static state network that would help distribute state snapshots and historical chain data in a bittorrent-style DHT-based network. At the same time, more near-term improvements like code merkleization and a binary trie representation of state are","url":"/2020/08/24/the-1x-files-tech-tree-regenesis"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #5 - Why client diversity matters","date":"2020-08-21","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n**\\*Disclaimer:** None of this is meant as a slight against any client in particular. There is a high likelihood that each client and possibly even the specification has its own oversights and bugs. Eth2 is a complicated protocol, and the people implementing it are only human. The point of this article is to highlight how and why the risks are mitigated.\\*\n\nWith the launch of the Medalla testnet, people were encouraged to experiment with different clients. And right from genesis, we saw why: Nimbus and Lodestar nodes were unable to cope with the workload of a full testnet and got stuck. [[0]](https://
56our.status.im/medalla-update/)[[1]](https://medium.com/@colinrileyschwarz/lodestar-medalla-update-59865a5cce1a) As a result, Medalla failed to finalise for the first half hour of its existence.\n\nOn the 14th of August, Prysm nodes lost track of","url":"/2020/08/21/validated-why-client-diversity-matters"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ESP: Beyond Grants","date":"2020-08-19","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_82074c38cdfeaaff7ed5208a4336ed16.jpg"},"content":"\nSince transitioning into the [Ecosystem Support Program](https://esp.ethereum.foundation) from EF Grants, weâve talked about defining âsupportâ more comprehensively, thinking beyond simple grant funding. But what does a more comprehensive definition of support actually mean?\n\nIn practice, it means something different for every project, and it starts with a conversation. ESP was conceived to make a wide range of EFâs resources more accessible to the community, which starts with making our process accessible to anyone who might need support. We take the time to think critically about every [inquiry](https://esp.ethereum.foundation/en/project/), understand the project and explore ways we might be able to help. Of course we canât fund every project, but often we can do _something_, even if itâs recommending additional resources to investigate such as incubators or other funding","url":"/2020/08/19/esp-beyond-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Devcon Improvement Proposals (DIPs)","date":"2020-08-14","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_3cce07d58a164be59f66c80f3bee57aa.png"},"content":"\nToday, we (the Devcon organizing team) are excited to make public a new way to get involved in next yearâs event, and one that should make Devcon an experience that better represents Ethereum as a whole.\n\n**Devcon Improvement Proposals (DIPs)** are a new tool to involve collaborative community input from across the ecosystem. They are aimed at improving the Devcon experience by formalizing a process to get your ideas heard and integrated into the event.\n","url":"/2020/08/14/announcing-devcon-improvement-proposals"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Development update #4 â ethereum.org","date":"2020-08-05","author":"ethereum.org team","category":"Ethereum.org","image":"/images/posts/ethereum-hero.png"},"content":"\nHey Ethereum community! It's been a few months since our last update so it's about time we let you know
56what's been happening over at ethereum.org.\n","url":"/2020/08/05/ethereum-dot-org-development-update-4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 14","subtitle":"ð
testnet edition","date":"2020-08-03","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nAll eyes on Medalla testnet -- genesis in less than 24 hours ð\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [Medalla testnet](https://github.com/goerli/medalla/tree/master/medalla) launches August 4th at 1pm UTC\n- New [multi-client attacknet](https://github.com/ethereum/public-attacknets/tree/master/attacknets/beta-1) is up with new challenges and larger bounties\n","url":"/2020/08/03/eth2-quick-update-no-14"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum turns 5 ð","date":"2020-07-30","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_26ec7ca3794b9563416d2559b8a14a83.jpg"},"content":"\nFive years ago today, Ethereum's genesis block marked the official network launch.\n\nToday, most members of the community spend their time thinking about all of the work that's left to be done, but it's also important to recognize on this fifth anniversary of Ethereum's launch just how unbelievably far we have all come, what a wild adventure every twist and turn has been, and how much all of us (and the technology) have grown.\n\nThere were times when some _hoped_ that the protocol would just run as intended, or that builders might try to launch the first applications, that users would want to try out those applications, or that someone might some day use Ethereum to create real and positive impact.\n\nSo while the focus will stay on","url":"/2020/07/30/ethereum-turns-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum.org Translation Program: Milestone and Updates","date":"2020-07-29","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-bottom: 2rem\"\u003e\n\u003cvideo style=\"margin: 0 auto\" controls=\"true\" preload=\"true\" autoplay=\"true\" loop=\"true\" playsinline=\"true\" width=\"320\"\u003e\n \u003csource src=\"/world2ethereum_white_small_(1).mp4\" type=\"video/mp4\"\u003e\n Your browser does not support the video tag.\n\u003c/video\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\nToday weâre excited to celebrate a huge milestone - [Ethereum.org](https://www.ethereum.org) now supports **30 languages! ððð**\n\nSince we launched the _Website Translation Program_ seven months ago, weâve seen how decentralized collaboration can result in a significant impact in the ecosystem, benefiting hundreds of thousands of community members around the world.\n\nAs of today, 467 volunteers from 52 language groups have helped make ethereum.org accessible to non-English speaking communities in their mother tongues.\n\nThanks to these volunteers, 16% of all traffic to ethereum.org is now directed towards non-English versions of the site. Over time, this number has grown significantly.\n\n\n\nTwo months ago, the website team set a","url":"/2020/07/29/ethdotorg-translation-milestone"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: GHOST in the Stack Machine","date":"2020-07-28","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nEthereum can be simple enough to understand from a bird's-eye view: Decentralized applications powered by the same sort of crypto-economic guarantees that underpin Bitcoin. But once you've zoomed in to, say, a street-level view, things get complicated rapidly.\n\nEven assuming one has a strong grasp on [proof-of-work](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4), it's not immediately clear how that translates to a blockchain doing more than keeping track of everyone's unspent transaction outputs. Bitcoin uses computational work to decentralize _money_. Ethereum uses computational work to decentralize abstract _computation_. Wut? That abstraction is called the _Ethereum Virtual Machine_, and it's the centerpiece of the Ethereum protocol, because \"inside\" the EVM is the special domain of smart contracts, and it's the smart contracts that are ultimately to blame for all those ridiculous #defi tweets.\n\nUpgrading","url":"/2020/07/28/the-1x-files-ghost-in-the-stack-machine"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 validator launchpad ð","date":"2020-07-27","author":"EF Eth2 Research Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/upload_431e6a8ec269404e3f89fec7133482b9.png"},"content":"\nAfter months of hard work from the eth2 research team, along with Consensys and DeepWork Studio, we're happy to announce the release of the [eth2 validator launchpad](https://medalla.launchpad.ethereum.org/) (testnet version).\n\nWe're releasing it now so that you can keep track of, and make deposits into, the upcoming [Medalla multi-client testnet](https://github.com/goerli/medalla/blob/master/medalla/README.md). But we'll continue to fine-tune the interface in the run-up to mainnet launch.\n\n\n\nThe idea behind the launchpad is to make the process of becoming an eth2 validator as easy as possible, **without compromising on security and education**.\n\nIn contrast to using a third-party service, running your own validator comes with the responsibility of managing your own keys. This responsibility brings with it an inescapable tradeoff between ease-of-use, security, and education.\n","url":"/2020/07/27/eth2-validator-launchpad"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 13","date":"2020-07-23","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nTestnets, testnets, testnets!\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [Medalla multi-client testnet](https://github.com/goerli/medalla/blob/master/medalla/README.md) launch date set ð\n- Initial beta [attacknets](https://github.com/ethereum/public-attacknets) are up. Calling all whitehats ð©âð³\n-
56Exciting progress on the eth1+eth2 merger ð\n","url":"/2020/07/23/eth2-quick-update-no-13"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ask about Geth: Snapshot acceleration","date":"2020-07-17","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\\*This is part #1 of a [series](https://twitter.com/peter_szilagyi/status/1283060443808968705) where anyone can ask questions about Geth and I'll attempt to answer the highest voted one each week with a mini writeup. This week's highest voted question was: **Could you share how the flat db structure is different from the legacy structure?\\***\n","url":"/2020/07/17/ask-about-geth-snapshot-acceleration"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 12","date":"2020-06-23","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nAs always, a lot continues to happen on the eth2 front. Aside from written updates (check out the State of Eth2 post below) and other public summaries, client teams, contributors, and community members/prospective-validators have been busy!\n\nToday, we'll cover some significant deposit contract news, and big steps toward implementation of spec version v0.12.\n\ntl;dr\n\n- New [Solidity deposit contract](https://github.com/axic/eth2-deposit-contract) formally [verified](https://github.com/runtimeverification/deposit-contract-verification/blob/master/deposit-contract-verification.pdf) and added to the bounty program\n- [Altona `v0.12` testnet](https://github.com/goerli/witti/issues/17) expected to launch in the next week\n- Continuation grant to Sigma Prime for [`beacon-fuzz`](https://github.com/sigp/beacon-fuzz) to find all the bugs\n- A quick plug for my [long-winded eth2 blog post](/2020/06/02/the-state-of-eth2-june-2020/)\n","url":"/2020/06/23/eth2-quick-update-no-12"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: EIP 1559 and the Ethereum Improvement Horizon","date":"2020-06-16","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nI've been thinking recently about post-apocalyptic wastelands. Specifically, about this scene from Mad Max: Fury Road, when the main characters have just escaped the first wave of pursuit, and are staying ahead of their would-be captors. They need to keep moving, but still need to do maintenance on the centerpiece of the movie: a gigantic \"war rig\" truck driving them to safety. So Charlize Theron climbs out under the cab to make some repairs en-route:\n\n\n\nThe idea of conducting repairs on a big complicated truck _while it's still moving_ is just so appropriate for the film's high-octane drama. It occurred to me while I was watching that this situation is an apt metaphor for the EIP process and the work of the core devs.\n\nChanges to the","url":"/2020/06/16/eth1x-1559"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The State of Eth2, June 2020","date":"2020-06-02","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/ef-update-01.png"},"content":"\n_A huge thank you for excellent input and feedback from Sacha Saint-Leger, Joseph Schweitzer, Josh Stark, and protolambda._\n\nI spend a lot of my time explaining and answering questions about eth2, and I mean _a lot_. Some of this on a deep and technical level as I help communicate research and specifications to technical contributors, but more and more these days I'm fielding questions from the community about eth2 progress, direction, motivations, design decisions, delays, and more. I actually really enjoy these conversations. I get super excited as I explain eth2, come up with new ways to describe various components, or find the right analogies depending on the audience to get the gears turning and the light bulb to switch on.\n\nBut this dynamic/conversational method, while valuable,","url":"/2020/06/02/the-state-of-eth2-june-2020"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon: Hacia Colombia en 2021","date":"2020-05-28","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_1f83bbd5e1224e93451262fdd26e7cd8.png"}
56,"content":"\nQueridos Amigos,\n\nIn our most recent update, we outlined what Devcon is all about and spoke to our renewed focus on growing the Ethereum ecosystem. Part of that focus is on making sure that, for all types of attendees, the next Devcon is all that we dream for it to be and more. For details on those goals and beyond, [please read the full post here](/2020/03/02/devcon-whats-ahead/)! Today, we're going to tackle our site-selection and timing, along with more on what's ahead for this year and beyond.\n","url":"/2020/05/28/devcon-hacia-colombia-en-2021"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #4 - Keys ð","date":"2020-05-21","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n_Special thanks to Sacha Yves Saint-Leger \u0026 Danny Ryan for their review._\n\nAt the core of every Proof of Stake system is a signature scheme. Signatures are used to verify the identity of each validator allowing their actions, both good and bad, to be attributed to them.\n\nWe can verify honesty by looking at a validator's signed messages and we can prove malice by showing messages that violate the rules of consensus.\n\nIn fact, in eth2, the identity of a validator _is_ their public key. Specifically, each validator has two sets of keys: a signing key and a withdrawal key.\n","url":"/2020/05/21/keys"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation 2020 Spring Update","date":"2020-05-19","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_ed4dd4b5fe52fd746ac5add69155fdbb.png"},"content":"\n_To the users and the builders_,\n\nWeâve said it before and weâll say it again: [Ethereumâs future is bright](/2019/05/21/ethereum-foundation-spring-2019-update/), and this year we are seeing much of that future come to life as the Ethereum ecosystem builds on a foundation laid by dedicated research and development over the last years.\n\nThis update will focus on how the Ethereum Foundation aims to help further Ethereumâs progress, on what weâve been working on in terms of allocations and more, and on _why_ our outlook is brighter now more than ever.\n","url":"/2020/05/19/ethereum-foundation-spring-2020-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ecosystem Support Program: Allocation Update, Q1 2020","date":"2020-05-07","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_82074c38cdfeaaff7ed5208a4336ed16.jpg"},"content":"\n_The Ecosystem Support Program is an arm of the Ethereum Foundation dedicated to providing financial and non-financial support to projects working to help Ethereum grow and thrive._\n\nWe recently published an [update](/2020/04/01/ecosystem-support-program-allocation-update/) detailing how the Ecosystem Support Program spent 2019, and how we allocated financial support throughout the year. Going forward, weâll be sharing allocation updates on a quarterly basis.\n\n2020 got off to a strange and difficult start, but Ethereumâs builders have kept on building through it all. The ESP team are grateful to be able to continue supporting teams as they work to make Ethereum better and stronger than ever.\n\nWe awarded a total of $2,564,000 in financial support over the first quarter of 2020. These funds went toward a wide variety of projects, from those","url":"/2020/05/07/ecosystem-support-program-allocation-update-q1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 11","date":"2020-05-06","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWe've all been pretty busy with all the things! I'll try to keep these posts rolling out, but in the meantime, be sure to checkout Ben Edgington's [What's New in Eth2](https://benjaminion.xyz/newineth2/) to get your fix.\n\nTune into [Ethereal Virtual Summit](https://www.etherealsummit.com/) this Thursday and Friday! It's full of excellent eth2 content and it's 100% _FREE_. Thank you to all the organizers for their hard work in making the switch to online. I'm super excited :)\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Doubling rewards for [Phase 0 bounty program](https://notes.ethereum.org/@djrtwo/phase0-bounty)\n- [Schlesi](https://schlesi.beaconcha.in/) multi-client testnet is chugging along\n- Preparing for spec version `v0.12`\n","url":"/2020/05/06/eth2-quick-update-no-11"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Development Update #3 - Ethereum.org","date":"2020-05-05","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\nHey Ethereum! Hereâs the latest update from the ethereum.org team:\n","url":"/2020/05/05/ethereum-org-development-update-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: A Primer for the Witness Specification","date":"2020-05-04","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nSince a lot of us have a bit more time on our hands, I thought now might be a good opportunity to proceed with something perhaps a little bit boring and tedious, but nevertheless quite fundamental to the Stateless Ethereum effort: understanding the formal Witness Specification.\n\nLike the captain of the Battleship in StarCraft, we're going to take it slow. The witness spec is not a particularly **complicated** concept, but it is very **deep**. That depth is a little daunting, but is well worth exploring, because it'll provide insights that, perhaps to your nerdy delight, extend well beyond the world of blockchains, or even software!\n\nBy the end of this primer, you should have at least minimum-viable-confidence in your ability to understand what the formal Stateless Ethereum","url":"/2020/05/04/eth1x-witness-
56primer"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Update","subtitle":"2020 Pt. 1","date":"2020-04-14","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/upload_c91594eb79e6dca4c4b5faa979b31317.png","toc":true},"content":"\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg\" alt=\"Devcon Photo - Lights\"\u003e\u003c/center\u003e\n\nFriends,\n\nFrom our team to you and yours, we hope everyone and their families are well and keeping safe during these complicated weeks. To help pass some time while weâre all stuck in doors, itâs time again to update the community on progress made by some of the EF-supported projects not covered in [last weekâs ESP Allocation Update](/2020/04/01/ecosystem-support-program-allocation-update/). While the last Winter edition in this series was posted only a few months ago, weâve all come a long way since the launch of the Istanbul network upgrade, and many teams have news to share.\n\nAs always, these updates focus on EF-supported teams and efforts whose members are working to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. Included in this edition are updates","url":"/2020/04/14/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2020-pt-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: The Updated Stateless Tech Tree","date":"2020-04-02","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2020/04/02/eth1x-stateless-tech-tree"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ecosystem Support Program: Allocation Update","date":"2020-04-01","author":"Ecosystem Support Program Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/upload_7545a983a40cccfd3be432c893db24f7.jpg"},"content":"\nAs we embark on a new decade(!), the Ecosystem Support Program team wanted to speak to some of the recent growth, transition and learning around the program, and share details of our 2019 financial allocations.\n","url":"/2020/04/01/ecosystem-support-program-allocation-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 10","date":"2020-03-31","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nHave some fun announcements for y'all this week :)\n\nOther than the items below, client teams continue to move toward production. More on that next week!\n\ntl;dr\n\n- Least Authority [Phase 0 audit](https://leastauthority.com/blog/ethereum-2-0-specifications/) complete\n- Phase 0 Pre-Launch [Bounty Program](https://notes.ethereum.org/@djrtwo/phase0-bounty) ð\n- Unification of eth1+eth2 communications in the [Eth R\u0026D discord server](https://discord.gg/VmG7Uxc)\n","url":"/2020/03/31/eth2-quick-update-no-10"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing the Devcon Archive (and an event update)","date":"2020-03-30","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/upload_28fc1d8000e417fa3ae5e8492419bbc6.png"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nOut of respect for those within our own community and around us currently facing the ongoing global health crisis, our team has decided to temporarily hold scheduled Devcon announcements, first teased in our [last post](/2020/03/02/devcon-whats-ahead/). In the meantime we wanted to share something else that weâve been working on, which was intended for release alongside this year's other material.\n","url":"/2020/03/30/introducing-the-devcon-archive"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #3 - Sharding Consensus","date":"2020-03-27","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n_Special thanks to Sacha Yves Saint-Leger \u0026 Joseph Schweitzer for review._\n\nSharding is one of the many improvements that eth2 has over eth1. The term was borrowed from database research where a shard means a piece of a larger whole. In the context of databases and eth2, sharding means breaking up the storage and computation of the whole system into shards, processing the shards separately, and combining the results as needed. Specifically, eth2 implements many shard chains, where each shard has similar capabilities to the eth1 chain. This results in massive scaling improvements.\n\nHowever, there's a less-well-known type of sharding in eth2. One which is arguably more exciting from a protocol design point of view. **Enter sharded consensus.**\n","url":"/2020/03/27/sharding-consensus"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Development Update #2 - Ethereum.org","date":"2020-03-20","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\nHey Ethereum! Hereâs the latest update from the ethereum.org team:\n","url":"/2020/03/20/ethereum-org-development-update-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 9","date":"2020-03-17","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nStrange times. I hope you are all well and continue to take care of yourselves, your families, and your communities.\n\nWe're a bit overdue on a quick update. My apologies. I'll keep them coming at a regular clip after this one. Eth2 is looking good -- Phase 0 is stable, client teams are crushing it, and some promising research was published for our stateless future.\n\ntl;dr\n\n- [`v0.11.0` released](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v0.11.
560) as a stable target for multi-client testnets\n- Release of [_Combining GHOST and Casper_ paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052) for public review\n- [Polynomial commitments](https://ethresear.ch/t/using-polynomial-commitments-to-replace-state-roots/7095/3) looking promising for statelessness\n- A bit of [IEFT BLS spec instability](https://github.com/cfrg/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve/pull/212), but not further changes expected\n","url":"/2020/03/17/eth2-quick-update-no-9"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: Stateless Summit Summary","date":"2020-03-12","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2020/03/12/eth1x-files-stateless-summit-summary"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon: What is Ahead","date":"2020-03-02","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/eth-wallpaper.jpg"},"content":"","url":"/2020/03/02/devcon-whats-ahead"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: February call digest","date":"2020-02-28","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2020/02/28/eth1x-files-digest-no-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: The State(lessness) of the Union","date":"2020-02-18","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nThe next Stateless Ethereum research call is coming up in less than a week! The telegram chat now has hundreds of messages to catch up on, and only a small portion of the topics discussed have made it into the ethresearch forums.\n\nThis post is just a quick primer and general update; we'll re-cap most issues under discussion currently, and set the stage for call #4 as well as the 1.x researcher's summit following EthCC.\n\nThis post assumes a higher-than-average technical understanding of the concepts at play, because there is a lot to catch up on. If you are coming in fresh, I recommend reading [The Stateless Ethereum Tech Tree](/2020/01/28/eth1x-files-the-stateless-ethereum-tech-tree/) for a more thorough context.\n\nIt may be helpful to refer to this diagram from the linked post","url":"/2020/02/18/eth1x-files-the-statelessness-of-the-union"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #2 - Two ghosts in a trench coat","date":"2020-02-12","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n\u003cscript type=\"text/javascript\" async\n src=\"https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML\"\u003e\n\u003c/script\u003e\n\n_Special thanks to Sacha Yves Saint-Leger \u0026 Danny Ryan for review._\n\nIn this installment, we'll discuss the consensus mechanisms behind eth2. Eth2 has a novel approach to deciding which block is the head of the chain, along with which blocks _are_ and _are not_ a part of the chain.\n\nBy using a hybrid between the two mechanisms, eth2 aims to have a consensus which, in addition to being rapid and safe when the network is behaving normally, remains safe even when itâs being attacked.\n","url":"/2020/02/12/validated-staking-on-eth2-2-two-ghosts-in-a-trench-coat"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 8","date":"2020-02-04","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nKeep it coming\n\ntldr;\n\n- Audit and [formal verification](https://github.com/runtimeverification/verified-smart-contracts/blob/master/deposit/bytecode-verification/deposit-spec.ini) of deposit contract bytecode completed by [Runtime Verification](https://runtimeverification.com/)\n- The word of the month is \"optimization\"\n- Ongoing Phase 2 research driven by Quilt and eWASM. Welcome TXRX to the table\n- [Whiteblock](https://whiteblock.io/) releases [gossipsub testing results](https://github.com/whiteblock/gossipsub-testing)\n- Stacked spring! Conferences, hackathons, bounties, and more\n","url":"/2020/02/04/eth2-quick-update-no-8"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity 0.6.x features: try/catch statement","date":"2020-01-29","author":"Elena Gesheva","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/solidity-logo.svg"},"content":"\nThe [try/catch syntax introduced in 0.6.0](https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/control-structures.html#try-catch) is arguably the biggest leap in error handling capabilities in Solidity, since reason strings for `revert` and `require` were released in v0.4.22. Both `try` and `catch` have been reserved keywords [since v0.5.9](https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.9/miscellaneous.html#reserved-keywords) and now we can use them to handle failures in `external` function calls without rolling back the complete transaction (state changes in the called function are still rolled back, but the ones in the calling function are not).\n\nWe are moving one step away from the purist \"all-or-nothing\" approach in a transaction lifecycle, which falls short of practical behaviour we often want.\n","url":"/2020/01/29/solidity-0-6-try-catch"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: The Stateless Ethereum Tech Tree","date":"2020-01-28","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nI started to write a post that detailed a \"roadmap\" for Ethereum 1.x research and the path to stateless Ethereum, and realized that it's not actually a roadmap at all ââ at least not in the sense we're used to seeing from something like a product or company. The 1.x team, although working toward a common goal, is an eclectic collection of developers and researchers _independently_ tackling intricately related topics. Consequently, there is no \"official\" roadmap to
56speak of. It's not complete chaos though! There is an understood \"order of operations\"; some things must happen before others, certain solutions are mutually exclusive, and other work might be beneficial but non-essential.\n\nSo what's a better metaphor for the way we get to stateless Ethereum, if not a","url":"/2020/01/28/eth1x-files-the-stateless-ethereum-tech-tree"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: January call digest","date":"2020-01-17","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2020/01/17/eth1x-files-digest-no-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 7","date":"2020-01-16","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to the first eth2 quick update of 2020! This is going to be an exciting year.\n\ntldr;\n\n- Release of [`v0.10.0` spec](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v0.10.0) as stable target for multi-client testnets and security reviews\n- @paulhauner and @sigp_io team [hard at work](https://twitter.com/paulhauner/status/1217349576278999041) building Lighthouse\n- [Relaunch](https://medium.com/prysmatic-labs/eth-2-0-dev-update-42-mainnet-capable-testnet-now-hiring-53d4d08d3901) of [Prysm testnet](https://prylabs.net/), now with aggregators and mainnet configuration\n- A new proposal for an expedited merging of eth1+eth2 (aka [Phase 1.5](https://ethresear.ch/t/alternative-proposal-for-early-eth1-eth2-merge/6666))\n","url":"/2020/01/16/eth2-quick-update-no-7"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated, staking on eth2: #1 - Incentives","date":"2020-01-13","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n_Thanks to Joseph Schweitzer and Danny Ryan for review._\n\nWelcome back! Having discussed eth2's design philosophy [last time](/2019/11/27/validated-staking-on-eth2-no-0/), today's focus is on eth2's incentives through the lens of that philosophy. More specifically, we look at the incentives effecting eth2 and how they are realised in the form of rewards, penalties, and slashings.\n\nWe then walk through how and why validators are incentivised to remain online, why you **won't** be slashed for going offline, and more. Let's dig in.\n","url":"/2020/01/13/validated-staking-on-eth2-1-incentives"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Update on the Vyper Compiler","date":"2020-01-08","author":"Piper Merriam","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/eth-wallpaper.jpg"},"content":"\nThe idea behind the Vyper Project was to develop something that was designed at the language level to naturally exhibit a high degree of safety. The project was originally authored by Vitalik as a proof-of-concept replacement for Serpent, its predecessor, but shortly after its creation Vyper found itself without a dedicated maintainer. Luckily, there were enthusiastic community members that took up the torch and continued development of the project, and we (the EF Python Team) became re-involved in the project for some time earlier this year.\n\nThis fall, a preliminary security audit was performed by the Consensys Diligence team on the Python-based Vyper compiler. [You can read the results for yourself here](https://diligence.consensys.net/audits/2019/10/vyper/).\n\nWe encourage you to read the report, however, there are two main take-aways.\n\n1. There are","url":"/2020/01/08/update-on-the-vyper-compiler"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: The State of Stateless Ethereum","date":"2019-12-30","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"\nIn the [last edition of The 1.x files](/2019/12/10/eth1x-files-fast-sync/), we did a quick re-cap of where the Eth 1.x research initiative came from, what's at stake, and what some possible solutions are. We ended with the concept of _stateless ethereum_, and left a more detailed examination of the stateless client for this post.\n\n_Stateless_ is the new direction of Eth 1.x research, so we're going to do a pretty deep dive and get a real sense of the challenges and possibilities that are expected on the road ahead. For those that want to dive even deeper, I'll do my best to link to more verbose resources whenever possible.\n","url":"/2019/12/30/eth1x-files-state-of-stateless-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Muir Glacier Upgrade Announcement","date":"2019-12-23","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a scheduled upgrade at **block number 9,200,000**, which is predicted to occur on **Wednesday, January 1, 2020**. The exact date is subject to change due to variable block times and timezones.\n","url":"/2019/12/23/ethereum-muir-glacier
56-upgrade-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: December call digest","date":"2019-12-20","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2019/12/20/eth1x-files-digest-no-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 6","date":"2019-12-19","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to this week's _eth2 quick update_! A handful of new eth2 testnets have come online and last week I had them [all running on my laptop](https://twitter.com/dannyryan/status/1204518958621233153). There is still plenty of work to be done, but this is getting real :).\n\ntldr;\n\n- Announcing comprehensive Phase 0 spec audit by [Least Authority](https://leastauthority.com)\n- Sigma Prime [launched public Lighthouse testnet](https://lighthouse.sigmaprime.io/update-19.html) with 16k+ validators and mainnet spec configuration, pushing the envelope on eth2 scale\n- Nimbus [integrates](https://github.com/status-im/nim-beacon-chain/pull/632) native [nim-libp2p](https://github.com/status-im/nim-libp2p) to be launched in testnet reboot next week\n- beaconcha.in [adds support](https://twitter.com/etherchain_org/status/1207278115954810884) for [Lighthouse](https://lighthouse.beaconcha.in/) in open source block explorer\n- Eth2 spec version [`v0.9.3` released](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/releases/tag/v0.9.3), stabilizing core spec. `v0.10.0` release scheduled for January to integrate [new BLS standards](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/1532)\n","url":"/2019/12/19/eth2-quick-update-no-6"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The 1.x Files: a fast-sync","date":"2019-12-10","author":"Griffin Ichiba Hotchkiss","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/the1xfiles-black.png"},"content":"","url":"/2019/12/10/eth1x-files-fast-sync"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 5","date":"2019-12-05","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to this week's _eth2 quick update_!\n\ntldr;\n\n- Parity's [Shasper joins](https://twitter.com/sorpaas/status/1202651945430929409) Prysmatic's Sapphire testnet (the first public eth2 multi-client testnet)!\n- Multiple eth2 block explorers launch -- Bitfly's [beaconcha.in](https://beaconcha.in/) and [Etherscan](https://beacon.etherscan.io/)\n- First eth2 networking call to tackle _all_ the networkings -- [Ben's notes](https://hackmd.io/@benjaminion/BJ3YqrSTr) and [Mamy's notes](https://gist.github.com/mratsim/fef2b0a7c5a335ac6bc61c01592b3fea)\n- First [eth2 phase2 community call](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-pm/issues/103) to rally the effort\n- [Fix](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/1495) to ensure fork choice head state matches FFG finality info\n- [Presentation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMFgaeRdsfU\u0026feature=youtu.be\u0026t=1009), [specification](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/1499), and [implementation](https://github.com/ethereum/py_ecc/pull/79) of the new BLS standards\n","url":"/2019/12/05/eth2-quick-update-no-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Research \u0026 Development Update","subtitle":"2019 Pt. 2","date":"2019-12-03","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/devcon-lights-edit.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nSince the last EF-Supported Teams report, progress has been made across the board. From improved network conditions, to the coming Istanbul release and Eth1.x and Eth2 development, all areas core to the functionality and sustainability of Ethereum are advancing.\n\nThis series focuses on teams and efforts from the Foundation and larger Ethereum ecosystem that are working to grow and improve Ethereum as a whole. In this edition, we're covering updates from many teams highlighted in [the previous report](/2019/06/21/ef-supported-teams-development-report-2019-pt-1/), fully supported projects that are core elements of the Ethereum ecosystem like Eth2.0 Research, Geth and Solidity, and other ecosystem efforts.\n\nEnjoy!\n","url":"/2019/12/03/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2019-pt-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Validated: Staking on eth2 #0","date":"2019-11-27","author":"Carl Beekhuizen","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/merkle-4k.png"},"content":"\n_Thanks to Danny and Joe for review._\n\nAs the launch of the beacon chain grows nearer and eth2 becomes ever more final, the time has come to fast-sync the community with the latest on the inner workings of eth2 and on the concrete requirements, incentives and experience of being a validator. This article will provide a high-level overview of eth2 which will form the basis for a series on all aspects of eth2 relevant to validators.\neth2 has been in the works for a long time now and has improved dramatically over the years. What were initially separate sharding and Proof of Stake (PoS) efforts managed via smart contracts has transmogrified into a highly interconnected design which yields dramatic improvements regarding efficiency, scalability and security.\n","url":"/2019/11/27/validated-staking-on-eth2-no-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 4","date":"2019-11-21","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to the fourth installment of _eth2 quick update_. There are a lot of moving pieces to talk about this week. Other than the heroic eth2 client development going on, these are the highlights:\n\ntldr;\n\n- Grant to Sigma Prime for [eth2 differential fuzzing](https://github.com/sigp/beacon-fuzz/)\n- [Light Client Task Force](https://medium.com/chainsafe-systems/ethereum-light-client-task-force-go-99485011b095) is formed\n- Some notes on the uni-directional bridge between eth1 and eth2\n","url":"/2019/11/21/eth2-quick-update-no-4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Istanbul Upgrade Announcement","date":"2019-11-20","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a scheduled upgrade at **block number 9,069,000**, which is predicted to occur on **Saturday, December 7, 2019**. The exact date is subject to change due to variable block times and timezones.\n","url":"/2019/11/20/ethereum-istanbul-upgrade-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ecosystem Support Program call for applications","date":"2019-11-19","author":"Ecosystem Support Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/devcon-banner.jpg"},"content":"","url":"/2019/11/19/ecosystem-support-program-call-for-applications"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing a Taiwan-specific Wave of Grants","date":"2019-11-14","author":"Ecosystem Support Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/header.png"},"content":"\nThe Taipei Ethereum Meetup recently hosted [Crosslink Taiwan 2019](http://crosslink.taipei). It was a wonderful event and a perfect opportunity for the Ethereum Foundation's [Ecosystem Support Program](https://esp.ethereum.foundation) (ESP) to provide a [Taiwan-specific wave](https://notes.ethereum.org/@tw/grants) of grants! The recipients are as follows.\n","url":"/2019/11/14/announcing-a-taiwan-specific-wave"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Development Update #1 - Ethereum.org","date":"2019-11-12","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"","url":"/2019/11/12/ethereum-org-development-update-no-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 3","date":"2019-11-08","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to the third installment of _eth2 quick update_.\n\ntldr;\n\n- Harden fork choice defences in response to audits\n- Introducing [challenges.ethereum.org](https://challenges.ethereum.org/)\n- Herumi grant for a super-fast BLS implementation\n","url":"/2019/11/08/eth2-quick-update-no-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Eth2 at ETHWaterloo: Prizes for Eth2 education, tooling, and research","date":"2019-11-04","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nFor the first time ever, the Ethereum Foundation will be sponsoring a range of hacker prizes related to Eth2 at a major hackathon.\n\nWith Eth2 development proceeding rapidly, there are now many discrete areas of work that a team of motivated hackers can complete over a weekend. The bounties below include useful educational tools for Eth2 development, necessary tooling, and valuable research.\n\nMembers of Eth2 teams will be available remotely during the hackathon to answer questions from hackers and provide advice related to these prizes.\n\nThe EF will offer 5 prizes of $1,000 each, for projects that tackle any (or more than one!) of the following ideas:\n","url":"/2019/11/04/eth2-at-ethwaterloo"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update no. 2","date":"2019-10-31","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/kumiko-background.jpg"},"content":"\nWelcome to the second installment of _eth2 quick update_.\n\ntldr;\n\n- Spec release of [`v0.9.0 -- Tonkatsu`](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-spec-tests/releases/tag/v0.9.0) to ensure Phase 0 development can continue unimpeded.\n- Work continues in ironing out the details of the modified Phase 1 proposal.\n- Quiet client development focused on `eth1 -\u003e eth2` infrastru
56cture, general hardening for production, and optimizations.\n","url":"/2019/10/31/eth2-quick-update-no-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"eth2 quick update","date":"2019-10-23","author":"Danny Ryan","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAlthough the internet has been more quiet than usual, we've been super busy hacking away on eth2! Between Devcon5 and keeping our heads down to work, it seems we've left the community in the dark on a couple of items. Here's a quick update to fill in the gaps.\n","url":"/2019/10/23/eth2-quick-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Devcon5 Bible","subtitle":"Important Things to Know","date":"2019-10-03","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/devcon5.png"},"content":"\nWelcome to Devcon.\n\nWe've got a lot to cover, and in this post you'll read about it all! Read closely as we go over transit to the venue from Osaka's airports, the Devcon Venue, the Agenda \u0026 Devcon App, and more!\n\nPlease bookmark this piece to answer all questions that you may have related to early and on-site registration, experiences around the venue, participating during talks, side/after events and everything else Devcon5.\n\nTo kick things off, let's discuss how to get where you're going.\n","url":"/2019/10/03/the-devcon5-bible"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon5 Schedule, Sponsors and Speakers are online NOW!","date":"2019-09-26","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/01-Asanoha-1440p.jpg","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nDevcon season is finally here. Days from now, Devcon participants from across the world will begin to make their way to Osaka, and as we approach the final countdown, weâve made number BIG online releases at [Devcon.org](https://Devcon.org)!\n\nWe invite everyone to meet the incredible class of Devcon presenters! Now online here, weâre welcoming speakers, Workshop and Lightning Talk participants and other presenters to Devcon5. All in all, this year's event will feature the largest class of Devcon participants ever!\n\nNext, the Ethereum Foundation is excited to announce this yearâs Devcon Sponsorship and Scholarship supporters. Leaders from across industries have lent overwhelming support to the Ethereum community, and weâre pleased to have them join us. Meet the teams at Devcon.org, and in Hall C in Osaka (leave room","url":"/2019/09/26/devcon-speaker-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Eth2 Interop in Review","date":"2019-09-19","author":"Danny Ryan","image":"/images/posts/eth-wallpaper.jpg","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nLast week, seven of the eight Eth2 clients under active development succeeded in marking the major milestone of moving from single-client to multi-client testnets at the \"Interop Lock-in\". With this exciting success in Eth2 development, we wanted to reflect on how this point was reached and on what it means to the Ethereum network and ecosystem.\n\nAnyone following Ethereum over the past couple of years has likely become familiar with terms such as \"Ethereum 2.0\", \"Eth2\", or \"Serenity\". Each of these refer to substantial upgrades slated for the Ethereum protocol that have been envisioned in some form since before the network went live in 2015.\n\nIn the early years of Ethereum, groundbreaking research was accomplished in parallel to the original chain (Eth1) launching, while the massive growth","url":"/2019/09/19/eth2-interop-in-review"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Development Update #0 - Ethereum.org","date":"2019-09-18","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\nWelcome to the first development update for [Ethereum.org](http://ethereum.org), the first of a regular series of blog posts keeping the community up to date on the website's progress.\n","url":"/2019/09/18/development-update-no-0-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon On-Chain Raffle \u0026 Auction Participants","subtitle":"Ticket distribution details are here!","date":"2019-09-12","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/horse-devcon.png","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nWith the the first-ever on-chain Devcon ticket distributions now behind us, it's time to talk ticket distribution for all participants!\n\nFirst, we'd like to offer a sincere \"Thank you\" to everyone that participated in these first trial rounds for on-chain Devcon ticketing. Thanks to your support, we're confident in our
56code and exploring the possibility of expanding these systems in future years.\n\nOn the Raffle/Auction processes, the contracts completed their tasks and Ethereum users were on the ball! In the auction round, all bid reveals were completed with two days remaining.\n\nParticipants, please read carefully since without contact information on-file, these will serve as your instructions for Devcon attendance!\n\n1. Everyone that participated in the Raffle and Auction will receive a NFT (a Non-Fungible ERC-721 Token) at the","url":"/2019/09/12/devcon-on-chain-raffle-and-auction-participants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Live: Devcon5 Final Ticket Appeals","date":"2019-09-03","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/horse-devcon.png","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n**This is it: Final appeals are the last way to book your ticket to Osaka for Devcon 5**\n\n_Note: All participants in the on-chain Devcon Ticket Raffle and Auction will receive an NFT-ticket to Devcon5! In the next days, your ERC-721 and will be issued to the addresses used in the on-chain sales and weâll release a post detailing how to retrieve your ticket. For help with this process or other questions related to the on-chain ticketing processes, contact [email protected]._\n\nOver the last months, weâve experimented with as many ways as possible to get Devcon tickets into the hands of Ethereum community members and to the general public. This year, our small team has fielded Builder, Student, Scholar, Speaker, Sponsor, and Press applications, weâve been on an","url":"/2019/09/03/live-devcon5-final-ticket-appeals"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Ethereum Foundation and Co-Funded Grants","date":"2019-08-26","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nWe are today unveiling over $2M USD in Foundation-led and co-funded grant funding aimed at furthering Serenity (Eth2.0) development as we move nearer to the launch of the Beacon Chain.\n","url":"/2019/08/26/announcing-ethereum-foundation-and-co-funded-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon5 On-Chain Ticket Sale","date":"2019-08-22","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nOver the last few months, we've been coordinating with the talented team over at [ether.cards](https://ether.cards) to bring an NFT-based on-chain ticketing solution to the Ethereum community in time for Devcon5.\n\nThis experiment will take place in two parts, with a raffle and an auction with proceeds donated to the **[Devcon Scholars Program](/2019/08/20/announcing-the-devcon-scholars-program/)** taking place in the coming days. We have committed 100 tickets to the raffle and 50 to the auction this year, and we plan to extend the availability of on-chain ticketing options next year.\n\n**The raffle will begin at 5:00pm GMT on August 22. The link to both the raffle and the auction will be found at [https://ethercards.devcon.org](https://ethercards.devcon.org) once the sale goes live.**\n","url":"/2019/08/22/devcon5-on-chain-ticket-sale"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the Devcon Scholars Program","date":"2019-08-20","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/horse-devcon.png","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n**Welcome!**\n\n**The Devcon Scholars Program is an Ethereum Foundation initiative designed to provide an opportunity for Ethereum ecosystem-members from underserved communities, unique circumstances, or developing areas to attend the largest annual gathering in the Ethereum ecosystem.**\n\nNow in its second year, the Devcon Scholars Program provides full scholarships to many around the world to learn, connect, and grow with others in the blockchain space, culminating in an experience to attend Devcon 5 in Osaka.\n\nIn collaboration with ecosystem leaders including UNICEF Innovation, ConsenSys and Bounties Network, the Ethereum Foundation selected 50+ scholars from around the world to participate in the program. The selected scholars represent various walks of life, as well as wide-ranging levels of blockchain knowledge. Their skill sets include design, software engineering, academia, policy experience and","url":"/2019/08/20/announcing-the-devcon-scholars-program"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Translating Ethereum for our Global Community","date":"2019-08-20","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\nWe are happy to announce the launch of a large-scale translation program for Ethereum.org, which will translate the website and other resources into more than 15 languages.\n\nEthereum is a global project, and it is critical that Ethereum.org reflect our worldwide community. Since the websiteâs relaunch, our team has prioritized organizing a translation program that can ensure resources about Ethereum are accessible to everyone, regardless of their nationality or language.\n\n**Today, we are thrilled to launch our first full translation: a Korean version of the website, available now at** [**ethereum.org/ko**](https://ethereum.org/ko)**.** In the coming weeks, our program will expand with an initial focus on completing translations in Simplified Chinese, Japanese, Russian, German, and Italian. This initial set of languages was chosen based on search volume for Ethereum and","url":"/2019/08/20/translating-ethereum-for-our-global-community"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon Tickets: Wave 3 and beyond","date":"2019-08-14","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/horse-dev
56con.png","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nåä½,\n\nWe are now fewer than 60 days away from Devcon, and we wanted to provide important updates and further details about how to obtain remaining Devcon tickets for everyone looking to join us in Osaka.\n\nFirst, save the date: **Wave 3 of Devcon ticket sales will take place on Thursday, the 15th of August at 6:00am PT / 9:00am ET / 3:00pm CEST / 10:00pm JST at Devcon.org!**\n\nFollowing the completion of this wave, there will be a few other methods available for claiming passes.\n\nAddressing ticket demand, it is important to note (as mentioned previously) that more than two thirds of Devcon tickets are either discounted or free, and geared toward builders and students among other groups. The remaining tickets are sold through a series of publicly","url":"/2019/08/14/devcon-tickets-wave-three-and-beyond"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon updates: Announcing Wave 2, a New Application window, and more!","date":"2019-07-29","author":"Devcon Team","image":"/images/posts/horse-devcon.png","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nåä½,\n\nWith well under three months to go until Devcon, we are moving at full speed toward Osaka!\n\nYou'll hear about first programming details and more in the coming days, and with ticket sales now underway, we thought it time for a more formal update!\n\nFirst, Wave 2 of ticket sales are tentatively scheduled to take place on August 6th. We've learned and patched a lot following the last round. We used a new, open source ticketing platform this year, and while the platform itself performed admirably, we didn't get everything right on our configurations for the first production run. With a larger allotment online and a refined checkout process, we hope that everyone experiences a smooth purchasing process in Wave 2.\n\nA change was also made this year","url":"/2019/07/29/devcon-updates-announcing-wave-2-a-new-application-window-and-more"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Wave 1 and Devcon Ticketing","date":"2019-07-15","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/devcon-banner.jpg"},"content":"\nBy now, we hope you've heard the news: **In just two days, on July 17, 2019, the first wave of general Devcon tickets will go online at 6:00am PT / 9:00am ET / 3:00pm CEST / 10:00pm JST**.\n\nToday, we wanted to bring everyone a few details on the ticketing process in advance of Wednesday's launch.\n\nAs always, we're working to ensure everyone has a fair chance to attend Devcon, so ticket purchases are limited to 2 per order, and passes cannot be bulk-reserved. Further, we've maintained our limit of 20 tickets per organization to help as many teams as possible join us in Osaka.\n\nWaves have been a bit of a rush in the past, but we've made changes to work toward a smoother process. We're working","url":"/2019/07/15/on-wave-one-and-devcon-ticketing"},{"frontmatter":{"date":"2019-07-10 10:00 +0000","title":"Geth v1.9.0","subtitle":"Six months distilled","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAfter many months of silence, we're proud to announce the v1.9.0 release of Go Ethereum! Although this release has been in the making for a lot longer than we anticipated, we're confident there will be some juicy feature for everyone to enjoy!\n\n**Warning: We've tried our best to squash all the bugs, but as with all major releases, we advise everyone to take extra care when upgrading. The v1.9.0 release contains database schema changes, meaning it's not possible to downgrade once updated. We also recommend a fresh fast sync as it can drastically reduce the database size.**\n\nSome of the features mentioned here have been silently shipped over the course of the 1.8.x release family, but we've deemed them important enough to explicitly highlight.\n","url":"/2019/07/10/geth-v1-9-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity Storage Array Bugs","subtitle":null,"date":"2019-06-25","author":"Solidity and Security Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"","url":"/2019/06/25/solidity-storage-array-bugs"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"EF-Supported Teams: Development Report","subtitle":"2019 Pt. 1","date":"2019-06-21","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/ethdenver.jpg","toc":true},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nOver the last year, developers and researchers supported by Ethereum Foundation have kept their heads down and continued to produce at a staggering pace.\n\nTheir focus has remained on their work, and together we're all building a more complete Ethereum. Today, our regular all-team update series is relaunching in a changed and ever growing ecosystem. Ethereum features larger dApp, developer and user communities than ever before, the network has continued to improve, and steady progress has been made on initiatives large and small.\n\nWhile many teams do release their own well-rounded updates, we thought it appropriate to bring the community the latest from many of the teams (some of whom are softer spoken) supported by the Foundation. Enjoy!\n","url":"/2019/06/21/ef-supported-teams-development-report-2019-pt-1"}
56,{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon in Osaka: Applications now open!","date":"2019-06-10","author":"Devcon Team","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/devcon-banner.jpg"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nThe year is well underway, cherry blossoms have fallen, and [Devcon](https://devcon.org) is quickly approaching!\n\nAs announced on-stage at Ethereal last month, Devcon will be returning to Asia in 2019. We hope that you'll join us this October 8th-11th as we come together in Osaka, Japan!\n\nWithout further delay, we're excited to reveal new details for this year's gathering.\n","url":"/2019/06/10/devcon-in-osaka-applications-now-open"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Spring 2019 Update","subtitle":"Our plan for the next year","date":"2019-05-21","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Organizational","image":"/images/posts/ef-update-01.png"},"content":"","url":"/2019/05/21/ethereum-foundation-spring-2019-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Beginning a new ethereum.org","subtitle":"Built by the community, for the community","date":"2019-04-30","author":"Ethereum.org Team","category":"Ethereum.org"},"content":"\n**Hello, world!**\n\nWelcome to the new [ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org).\n\n**This is the beginning of the ethereum.org relaunch, not the end.** As explained in more detail below, the new website is intentionally a work in progress. Itâs launching as an experiment, intended to grow and iterate in public as it is improved by the community â just like Ethereum.\n","url":"/2019/04/30/beginning-a-new-ethereum-org"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity Optimizer and ABIEncoderV2 Bug","subtitle":null,"date":"2019-03-26","author":"Solidity and Security Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"","url":"/2019/03/26/solidity-optimizer-and-abiencoderv2-bug"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Constantinople/St. Petersburg Upgrade Announcement","date":"2019-02-22","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a scheduled upgrade at **block number 7,280,000**, which is predicted to occur on **Thursday, February 28, 2019**. The exact date is subject to change depending on block times between now and then and could be activated 1-2 days before or after. A countdown timer can be seen at \u003chttps://amberdata.io/blocks/7280000\u003e. You can monitor the network upgrade in real time at \u003chttp://forkmon.ethdevops.io/\u003e.\n","url":"/2019/02/22/ethereum-constantinople-st-petersburg-upgrade-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Grants Program Wave 5","date":"2019-02-21","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation Grants Program is an ongoing and continually improving experiment into how the EF can best invest the Ethereum communityâs resources for the highest long-term impact on the Ethereum ecosystem. When the Grants Program began in early 2018, the core focus was on supporting scalability efforts. This focus later expanded to include security, usability, privacy, and education.\n\nIn 2019, we are returning to our core focus to support critical Eth2.0 and layer 2 scaling efforts. However, we remain open to any grant proposal which addresses [urgent, important and unique improvements](/2018/10/24/how-the-ethereum-foundation-grants-program-makes-decisions/) which further the Ethereum vision.\n\nWith these priorities in mind, weâre pleased to announce the first grantees of 2019:\n\n[The Matter](https://thematter.io/) â Productionising âPlasma Ignisâ code, a SNARK-driven âroll upâ that can support up to 500","url":"/2019/02/21/ethereum-foundation-grants-program-wave-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert: Ethereum Constantinople Postponement","date":"2019-01-15","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Security"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Core Developers and the Ethereum Security Community were made aware of the potential Constantinople-related issues identified by [ChainSecurity](https://medium.com/chainsecurity/constantinople-enables-new-reentrancy-attack-ace4088297d9) on January 15, 2019. We are investigating any potential vulnerabilities and will follow with updates in this blog post and across social media channels.\n\nOut of an abundance of caution, key stakeholders around the Ethereum community have determined that the best course of action will be to delay the planned Constantinople fork that would have occurred at block 7,080,000 on January 16, 2019.\n\nThis will require anyone running a node (node operators, exchanges, miners, wallet services, etc...) to update to a new version of Geth or Parity before block 7,080,000. Block 7,
56080,000 will occur in approximately 32 hours from the time of this publishing or at approximately","url":"/2019/01/15/security-alert-ethereum-constantinople-postponement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Constantinople Upgrade Announcement","date":"2019-01-11","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"","url":"/2019/01/11/ethereum-constantinople-upgrade-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing an Ethereum Foundation Grant to Parity Technologies","date":"2019-01-07","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Foundation is thrilled to announce a scalability, usability and security grant of five million dollars (USD) to Parity Technologies.\n\nFor several years, Parity Technologies has been an invaluable member of the Ethereum ecosystem for their leadership in core development efforts, their [Parity Ethereum](https://parity.io/ethereum) client and more. Their work has continued at a blazing pace. At Devcon4 in Prague, Parity team members presented their plans to develop a Serenity implementation, exampling an exciting direction for the years ahead.\n\nBy all metrics, Parity is a major technical contributor to the Ethereum project, and they've notably done so as a self-financed and open-sourced effort since their founding.\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation is committed to funding teams and individuals building the common infrastructure around scalability, usability and security. To that end,","url":"/2019/01/07/announcing-an-ethereum-foundation-grant-to-parity-technologies"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Call for Submissions! DApps Solving Real-World Issues","date":"2018-12-19","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Organizational"},"content":"","url":"/2018/12/19/call-for-submissions-dapps-solving-real-world-issues"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon4 Videos and Pictures Released!","date":"2018-12-10","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nWe're happy to announce that the presentation videos from Devcon4 are now available for viewing!\n\nAs promised, we recorded sessions from the following rooms: Spectrum (Main Stage), Prism (Side Stage), Radiant Orchid (Breakout Room), and Ultra Violet (Breakout Room).\n\nThis year you have two viewing options: SlidesLive and YouTube.\n","url":"/2018/12/10/devcon4-videos-and-pictures-released"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"How the Ethereum Foundation grants program makes decisions","date":"2018-10-24","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nOur goal on the grants team is to be faithful stewards of Ethereum community resources. As part of the Ethereum Foundation's ongoing effort to diffuse power throughout our community, we give grants that we believe will return the highest impact on the Ethereum ecosystem over the long-term.\n","url":"/2018/10/24/how-the-ethereum-foundation-grants-program-makes-decisions"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Our dcâ ıv Sponsors and Supporters!","date":"2018-10-18","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nPÅátelé,\n\nToday, we're excited to unveil our Devcon4 Sponsors. Each of this year's six tiers of sponsorship is supporting the Foundation's work in significant and impactful ways. We're thrilled to involve many major and growing teams in Devcon, and to make the most of this opportunity to support the Foundation's core mission. To this end, we're proud to first announce this year's premier Devcon supporters:\n","url":"/2018/10/18/announcing-our-dciv-sponsors-and-supporters"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Grants Update - Wave IV","date":"2018-10-15","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/grants_eth_logo.png"},"content":"\nGreetings from the Ethereum Foundation Grants Team!\n\nAs we go full steam ahead to Devcon 4, we're back to announce Wave 4 of the Grants Program! Thank you to all the fantastic community members that have applied with creative ideas on how to bolster our ecosystem. We would not exist without the time and energy that you put into Ethereum. While the program continues to grow, we will increasingly continue to involve more community members in the decision making process. The Grants Program today is vastly improved from just earlier this year, thanks to all the helpful feedback from the community, allowing us to provide better public tools and infrastru
56cture.\n\nIf you haven't heard of us before, our last announcement went into some depth on program history,","url":"/2018/10/15/ethereum-foundation-grants-update-wave-4"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity Bugfix Release","date":"2018-09-13","author":"Solidity Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe latest [version 0.4.25 release of Solidity](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases/tag/v0.4.25) fixes\ntwo important bugs.\nAnother important bug has already been fixed in version 0.4.22 but it was only discovered recently that the bug existed.\n\nNote that the Ethereum Foundation runs a [bounty program](https://bounty.ethereum.org/) for the code generator part of Solidity.\n","url":"/2018/09/13/solidity-bugfix-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Grants Update - Wave III","date":"2018-08-17","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/grants_eth_logo.png"},"content":"\nWe've been hard at work getting to know so many amazing people and projects, and are extremely excited to announce the recipients of the Wave III of the Ethereum Foundation Grants Program!\n\nWe kicked off 2018 with a [blog post](/2018/01/02/ethereum-scalability-research-development-subsidy-programs/) to galvanize scalability research for first and second-layer solutions. Since then, we've committed over $11M to 52 projects dedicated to advancing the Ethereum ecosystem. Grants have funded multiple plasma and state channel implementations, diverse client research, enhanced developer frameworks, security audits, and so much more (find them all in the previous posts: [Wave I](/2018/03/07/announcing-beneficiaries-ethereum-foundation-grants/) \u0026 [Wave II](/2018/05/02/announcing-may-2018-cohort-ef-grants/))!\n","url":"/2018/08/17/ethereum-foundation-grants-update-wave-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon4 Call for Participation!","date":"2018-07-30","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nWhen we asked many of you, âWhat are you most excited for at Devcon4?â most people replied: the people! This is the one time a year we all get together in one place. We donât want to spend all of our time at Devcon sitting in a dark room, staring in silence at a person on a stage â we want to see, meet and talk with each other.\n\nIn that spirit, weâre designing the programming and environment of Devcon4 to provide the time and space for all of us to make new connections â between people and ideas. This is a chance for us to ask each other the most important questions and dive deep into the toughest challenges (and exciting opportunities!) facing Ethereum today.\n\nSo","url":"/2018/07/30/devcon4-call-for-participation"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Answers to your top 3 Devcon4 questions","date":"2018-07-27","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nYour friendly [Devcon4](https://devcon4.ethereum.org/) planning team, here to answer your top 3 questions:\n\n**1. Whenâs the next wave of ticket sales?**\n\nMark your calendars! We plan to release the next wave of General Admissions tickets on **Tuesday, August 7 at 8AM PST**. Anyone who applied for a discount or scholarship should hear back by then, so that if they didn't qualify they can participate in the wave.\n\n**2. Where in Prague will Devcon4 take place?**\n\nWeâll be in the **[Prague Congress Centre](https://www.praguecc.cz/)**! Ticket holders stay tuned for information about discounted rates at nearby hotels.\n\n**3. How can I apply to speak at Devcon4?**\n\nOn **Monday, July 30 we will open up our official call for participation**. Start thinking about what talks you want to present, workshops you want to lead, and breakout","url":"/2018/07/27/answers-to-your-top-3-devcon4-questions"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon4 Application Deadlines Coming Soon","date":"2018-07-19","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nPÅátelé.\nJust a quick update today!\n\nApplications for sponsorships, scholarships, student discounts and builder discounts will be up until **11:59PM PST on July 24th**.\n\nAfter that, there will no longer be a way to submit an application for these tracks. Please note that if you've already submitted an application or do so before the deadline, it will be processed and responded to by the Devcon team in short order!\n\nAs we continue to work toward providing everyone an opportunity to attend Devcon, weâre capping applications in preparation for future waves and to give the general public the chance to join us!\n\nWe look forward to receiving your applications soon, and to seeing you in Prague!\n\nDÄkuji,\n\n-- dcâ ıv team\n","url":"/2018/07/19/devcon4-application-deadlines-coming-soon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Update on Devcon4 Ticket Allocations \u0026 Sales","date":"2018-07-17","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nIt has been an exciting week! We initiated our first wave of ticket sales and s
56old out in just 18 minutes! Donât worry though, there will be more ticketing waves in addition to a variety of discounts and scholarships that you can still apply for. Transparency and clear communication are things the Devcon team strives for so we wanted to share some of our thinking behind Devcon4 ticket allocations and sales in hopes of answering the questions and addressing the feedback weâve received from the community.\n","url":"/2018/07/17/an-update-on-devcon4-ticket-allocations-and-sales"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon4 Ticket Sales","date":"2018-07-03","author":"Deva the Devcon Unicorn","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/devcon4-logo.png"},"content":"\nFriends,\n\nToday, weâre happy to announce some significant updates to the Devcon4 website, and with it we wanted to unveil a bit about the ticketing and discount processes and more!\n\nApplications for scholarships and builder \u0026 student discounts are **now open**!\n\n- Are you a **builder** working for yourself or a small organization? Apply for a builder discount here: [https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/builder-discount](https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/builder-discount)\n- Are you a **student** excited to learn about blockchain \u0026 Ethereum? Share your proof of enrollment to receive a student discount here: [https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/student-discount](https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/student-discount)\n- Do you need financial support to attend Devcon4 in Prague? See if you are a match for one of our **scholarships** here: [https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/scholarship](https://devcon4.ethereum.org/apply/scholarship)\n\nWe hope that expediting this process for builders, students, and potential scholars prior to the release of general tickets will help fast-track approvals","url":"/2018/07/03/devcon4-ticket-sales"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Swarm Proof-of-Concept Release 3","date":"2018-06-21","author":"Viktor Trón","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe Swarm Team is pleased to announce the immediate release of Swarm client v0.3, the third proof-of-concept release (POC3) of the Ethereum Swarm client. The POC3 code is now merged into the official [go-ethereum repository's master branch](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum).\n\nSwarm 0.3 has been deployed to the public Testnet, and the Ethereum Foundation is running a 50-node strong cluster of Swarm nodes together with a public web gateway on https://swarm-gateways.net. We welcome everyone to [try it out](http://swarm-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gettingstarted.html) or commit to operate stable nodes.\n","url":"/2018/06/21/announcing-swarm-proof-of-concept-release-3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon4 Announcement","date":"2018-05-11T16:29:37+00:00","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nPÅátelé,\n\nNow that weâre well into the year, we know that many of you have started to plan ahead for changing weather, holiday celebrations, and (of course) Devcon!\n\nWeâre excited to announce today that Devcon4 will take place in Prague from 30 October - 02 November of this year.\n\nThe first iteration of this conference took place in 2014 as a classroom-sized gathering in Berlin called Devcon0. There, the first visions of what Ethereum would come to be were presented to core developers and founding team members.\n\nFour years later, Devcon has become the most anticipated gathering for blockchain application and platform developers, and through it all weâve worked hard to stay true to our roots.\n\nWith the growth of the platform, Devcon has expanded in size from that small","url":"/2018/05/11/devcon4-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing May 2018 Cohort of EF Grants","date":"2018-05-02T18:37:50+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program","image":"/images/posts/efg.png"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThank you all for applying, and weâre excited to announce the latest Ethereum Foundation grants! We funded 22 recipients for a total of $2.84M.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n","url":"/2018/05/02/announcing-may-2018-cohort-ef-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing World Trade Francs: The Official Ethereum Stablecoin","date":"2018-04-01T15:35:26+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nWe have long recognized that in order for cryptocurrency to reach mass adoption, a form of cryptocurrency that has \u003ca href=\"/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency/\"\u003ehigher price stability\u003c/a\u003e than existing cryptocurrencies like BTC and ETH would be needed
56so that people can use the currency to store funds and engage in commerce without worrying about their monthly salary dropping by 57% between the time they receive it and the time they can use the money to buy products. Unfortunately, we've found that the existing stablecoins all have various flaws; Tether is \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@bitfinexed/bitfinex-and-tether-is-unauditable-why-they-will-never-do-a-real-audit-3324e002b185\"\u003eunauditable\u003c/a\u003e, Nubits has \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/coinforward/nubits-a-tumultuous-stablecoin-afe94cbe9df8\"\u003ealready once collapsed\u003c/a\u003e in price, Seignorage Shares is after three years still \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rmsams/stablecoins\"\u003ejust a whitepaper\u003c/a\u003e and MakerDAO is an inadequate joke because.... reasons. As a result, we've decided to take matters into our own hands,","url":"/2018/04/01/announcing-world-trade-francs-official-ethereum-stablecoin"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing Beneficiaries of the Ethereum Foundation Grants","date":"2018-03-07T17:54:33+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eWeâre excited to share the results of the first wave of grants from the Ethereum Foundation.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAs a reminder, the Ethereum project seeks to support useful dapps and smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain, and the goal of the Ethereum Foundation is to empower developers with best-in-class R\u0026amp;D, developer experience, and education. Despite the early promise of the ecosystem, we still have a long way to go, and we are here to work with the community to drive concrete progress.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThese grants will fuel the teams working hard at research \u0026amp; development to support the entire ecosystem. Furthermore, we hope that these grants will signal to the community what we think are the missing pieces in the ecosystem that need more","url":"/2018/03/07/announcing-beneficiaries-ethereum-foundation-grants"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth 1.8 - Iceberg¹","date":"2018-02-14T15:45:21+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAfter waaay too much time under development, we're proud to finally announce version 1.8.0 of the Go Ethereum client: [Iceberg](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.8.1)! The release fixes a lot of pain points felt by the community and ships a few notable new features, tallying up to [~170 modifications](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/milestone/60?closed=1)!\n\n**\u003cspan style=\"color:#c60000\"\u003ePlease note, this release introduces a few breaking changes that may affect certain power users! If you are running a production setup, make sure you read the \"Breaking changes\" section at the end of this blog post!\u003c/span\u003e**\n","url":"/2018/02/14/geth-1-8-iceberg"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Farewell and Welcome","date":"2018-01-31T22:10:02+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIt is with sadness that we announce that Ming Chan, who has served as Executive Director at the Ethereum Foundation for nearly three years, is leaving the Foundation. Since her arrival in 2015, she has played a critical role in the development and success of the Foundation. We will miss the leadership, commitment and integrity that she brought to the Foundation, and wish to thank her for her dedicated service and many significant accomplishments including:\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eMultiple rounds of reorganization for the Foundation, as well as significantly improving efficiency and reducing costs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBuilding relationships with IC3 and other academic groups\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNavigating and supporting the Foundation through multiple difficult challenges, including the DAO hack and 2016 DoS attacks\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight:","url":"/2018/01/31/farewell-and-welcome"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"To Infinity and Beyond!","date":"2018-01-31T20:27:27+00:00","author":"Ming Chan","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nDear Ethereum community (and wonderful Etherheads!),\n\nToday, January 31, 2018, is my last day as Executive Director of the Ethereum Foundation.\n\n
56Iâm pleased to have been able to guide the Foundation as ED with my fellow directors, team leads, and outstanding group of team members, each of whom has contributed to our current position of strength. Taking the Foundation from what was an early stage startup to one of stability, with the infrastructure and resources to support the changes, improvements and challenges to come was no small feat in blockchain and cryptoland!\n\nWe have gone through a lot together to successfully move through several stages of growth in the last 2.5+ years. As a result, the Ethereum Foundation has become stronger, more solid and capable as an organization,","url":"/2018/01/31/to-infinity-and-beyond"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum scalability research and development subsidy programs","date":"2018-01-02T17:42:21+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum community, key developers and researchers and others have always recognized scalability as perhaps the single most important key technical challenge that needs to be solved in order for blockchain applications to reach mass adoption. Blockchain scalability is difficult primarily because a typical blockchain design requires every node in the network to process every transaction, which limits the transaction processing capacity of the entire system to the capacity of a single node.\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThere are two main paths to improving blockchain scalability. The first (â\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Sharding-FAQ\"\u003esharding\u003c/a\u003eâ) involves creating better-designed base-layer blockchain protocols, which still maintain most of the desired decentralization and security properties of a blockchain that we see in the simple designs available today but only require a small percentage of nodes to","url":"/2018/01/02/ethereum-scalability-research-development-subsidy-programs"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Q4 Roundup","date":"2018-01-02T15:27:18+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEthereum has grown very rapidly in the last few months. Transaction volume on the blockchain has \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/chart/tx\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003emore than doubled\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, surpassing 10 transactions per second for days at a time. The number of new accounts created per day \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/chart/address\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003epassed 100,000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;
56\"\u003e, and the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ethernodes.org/network/1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003enumber of nodes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e has increased despite rising system requirements. As attention and interest in the blockchain space as a whole continues to hit new highs, we are entering a new phase in the industryâs growth: the phase where we are finally going from experiments and tests to real, live applications.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eCasper\u003c/strong\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/casper\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCasper proof of stake\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e testnet based on","url":"/2018/01/02/q4-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert â Chromium vulnerability affecting Mist Browser Beta","date":"2017-12-15T10:48:58+00:00","author":"Everton Fraga","category":"Security"},"content":"\nDue to a Chromium vulnerability affecting all released versions of the Mist Browser Beta v0.9.3 and below, we are issuing this alert warning users not to browse untrusted websites with Mist Browser Beta at this time. Users of \"Ethereum Wallet\" desktop app are not affected.\n\nAffected configurations: Mist Browser Beta v0.9.3 and below\nLikelihood: Medium\nSeverity: High\n\nMalicious websites can potentially steal your private keys.\n\nAs Ethereum Wallet desktop app does not qualify as a browser â it accesses only the local Wallet Dapp â it is not subject to the same category of issues present in Mist. For now, it is recommended to use \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/mist/releases\"\u003eEthereum Wallet\u003c/a\u003e to manage funds and interact with smart contracts instead.\n\nMist Browser's vision is to be a complete user-facing bridge to the ethereum blockchain","url":"/2017/12/15/security-alert-chromium-vulnerability-affecting-mist-browser-beta"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon3 videos available now!","date":"2017-11-26T00:17:13+00:00","author":"Ming Chan","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nTo accommodate the biggest post-devcon request, we're happy to announce that Devcon3 videos are now available for viewing!\n\nAs promised, we recorded sessions from both the main hall and breakout hall on all four days of Devcon3. Given we had two halls instead of one this year, and also added a full forth day of presentations, we're pleased to provide the complete recorded sessions in a fraction of the time it took last year.  Camerawork and raw footage was cleaner this year, and it helped to bring the post production team onsite to expedite producing and posting the videos.\n\n","url":"/2017/11/26/devcon3-vids-available-now"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Devcon3!!!","date":"2017-11-16T01:55:44+00:00","author":"Ming Chan","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon","image":"/images/posts/Devcon3_0087.jpg"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eA note from the ED:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eA big thanks to our attending dev community, presenters, internal team, sponsors, enthusiasts, volunteers, event team, students and other stakeholders for coming together for another phenomenal Devcon3!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eFirst of all, yes, video of all sessions, both from the Main Hall and Breakout Hall will be posted on the Ethereum Foundation YouTube channel as soon as our post production team can finish them. This year I contracted and brought a post production team to the venue with us so they could start work onsite as soon as the raw footage could be handed over. Since we had two halls instead of one, the number of presentations to process was close to double, so the guys are working hard to cut, edit,","url":"/2017/11/16/devcon3"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Byzantium HF Announcement","date":"2017-10-12T07:51:59+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a planned hard fork at \u003cstrong\u003eblock number 4.37mil (4,370,000)\u003c/strong\u003e, which will likely occur between 12:00 UTC and 13:00 UTC on \u
56003cstrong\u003eMonday, October 16, 2017\u003c/strong\u003e. The Ropsten test network underwent a hard fork on September 19th (UTC) at block number 1.7mil (1,700,000). A countdown timer can be seen at \u003ca href=\"https://fork.codetract.io/\"\u003ehttps://fork.codetract.io/\u003c/a\u003e.\n\n","url":"/2017/10/12/byzantium-hf-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Roundup #6","date":"2017-10-09T09:55:53+00:00","author":"Ethereum Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eMetropolis is finally (almost) here! The fork for Byzantium, the first and larger part of Metropolis, succeeded on the testnet over two weeks ago, and the likely date for the fork on the mainnet has been set to block 4.37 million, which is expected to be on Oct 17. New features include opcodes such as REVERT and RETURNDATACOPY, as well as precompiles that can be used to support a wide array of cryptographic algorithms. At the same time, we have been seeing many improvements to Ethereum core code, Whisper, Swarm as well as Ethereumâs future scaling plans.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum/pull/809\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCasper PoC4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e has been released. This includes an implementation of the fork choice rule, the Casper contract, and a complete","url":"/2017/10/09/roundup-6"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth 1.7 - Megara","date":"2017-09-14T16:36:33+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe Go Ethereum team is proud to announce the next release family of Geth, the [first incarnation](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.7.0) focusing on laying the groundwork for the upcoming Metropolis hard forks (Byzantium and Constantinople), consisting of [125+ code contributions](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/milestone/47?closed=1) for various parts of the project.\n","url":"/2017/09/14/geth-1-7-megara"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Roundup #5","date":"2017-08-23T12:34:51+00:00","author":"Ethereum Foundation Team","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDevelopment has steadily continued over the last month and a half as we approach the launch of Metropolis. Over a series of \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/16\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ecore dev calls\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e over the last few months, we have specified and finalized \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ethe EIPs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e for Metropolis, and made the appropriate changes to the Yellow Paper. Metropolis has now been split up into two consecutive forks, named âByzantiumâ and âConstantinopleâ. EIPs for Byzantium (Metropolis part one) are essentially finalized, and the last remaining work to be done has to do with writing tests and making sure that all clients are passing all tests.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe Ethereum network continues to see all-time highs in \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/chart/tx\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003etransaction usage\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, and","url":"/2017/08/23/roundup-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Statement Objecting To EME as a W3C Recommendation","date":"2017-08-21T15:59:58+00:00","author":"James Pitts","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe Foundation believes \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions\"\u003eEncrypted Media Extensions\u003c/a\u003e (EME) should not be published as a W3C Recommendation, and we are now making public the formal objection the Ethereum Foundation submitted to the W3C opposing the recommendation of EME.\n\nAs a member of the W3C, the Ethereum Foundation contributes to the standards-making process and votes on matters such as the EME recommendation. Many developers and researchers at the Ethereum Foundation conduct security research and build software that use web technology, and from that perspective, we have objections to EME as well as \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management\"\u003eDigital Rights Management\u003c/a\u003e (DRM) in general. Most if not all people who use web browsers are affected by EME.\n\nThe direct result of EMEâs success up until now, is that browser developers have already installed potentially insecure DRM technology","url":"/2017/08/21/statement-objecting-w3c-publishing-eme-recommendation"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Roundup Q2","date":"2017-07-08T02:03:25+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eThanks to all the developers and team leads who contributed to the sections on their projects\u003c/em\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn the last month and a half, the Ethereum network went through a rapid growth in usage, to the point that it now processes as many transactions per second as Bitcoin. To accommodate the increased load, which has on a few occasions reached the networkâs full c
56apacity for hours at a time, the community independently came together and miners voted to \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/chart/gaslimit\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eincrease the gas limit to 6.7 million\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. We at the Foundation have been rapidly putting additional resources toward increasing the efficiency of the network, alongside planning longer-term changes that will greatly increase the networkâs scalability.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n","url":"/2017/07/08/roundup-q2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Roundup Round III","date":"2017-05-24T17:04:21+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOver the last month and a half we saw vigorous ongoing research and development on all sides of the Ethereum roadmap, and progress is rapidly starting to translate into real results that can be run and verified inside of an Ethereum client.\n\nOn Metropolis:\n\n- Agendas for core dev meetings 15 and 16 here: [https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/13](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/13) and [https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/14](https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/14)\n- List of accepted EIPs here: [https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/README.md](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/README.md) (mostly agreed on, though we are still going back and forth on details such as gas costs)\n- Most of the EIPs have been implemented in C++ and Python and are being implemented in other clients; tests are being actively written and added here [https://github.com/ethereum/tests/tree/develop/GeneralStateTests](https://github.com/ethereum/tests/tree/develop/GeneralStateTests) (see the various branches for different tests)\n- Clients that have not implemented GeneralStateTests could provide a docker image for   Hive","url":"/2017/05/24/roundup-round-iii"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity optimizer bug","date":"2017-05-03T15:21:57+00:00","author":"Martin Swende","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nA bug in the Solidity optimizer was reported through the \u003ca href=\"https://bounty.ethereum.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEthereum Foundation Bounty program\u003c/a\u003e, by Christoph Jentzsch. This bug is patched as of 2017-05-03, with the release of Solidity 0.4.11.\n\n","url":"/2017/05/03/solidity-optimizer-bug"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Geth 1.6 - Puppeth Master","date":"2017-04-14T13:19:30+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/puppeth.png"},"content":"\nCramming in a lot more goodies than originally anticipated, the Go Ethereum team is proud to finally deliver the first incarnation of the 1.6 Geth release series! Glimpsing through the [commit list](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/milestone/28?closed=1), this is going to be a monster post!\n","url":"/2017/04/14/geth-1-6-puppeth-master"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Dev Roundup: Q1 (Boring Edition)","date":"2017-04-07T11:30:17+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe last one and a half months have seen great progress for Ethereum research, and we are excited that the protocol is moving closer and closer to the point where it is ready for mainstream adoption. Progress on consensus algorithms, privacy, zero knowledge proofs and formal verification is happening at increasing speed, and our research and development teams are expanding substantially.\n\nA large amount of progress has been made on Casper. You can find a few Medium posts describing the algorithm here:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/minimal-slashing-conditions-20f0b500fc6c\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/minimal-slashing-conditions-20f0b500fc6c\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/safety-under-dynamic-validator-sets-ef0c3bbdf9f6\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/safety-under-dynamic-validator-sets-ef0c3bbdf9f6\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAnd a few blog posts from Yoichi formally proving correctness:\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@pirapira/formal-methods-on-some-pos-stuff-e309775c2ab8\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@pirapira/formal-methods-on-some-pos-stuff-e309775c2ab8\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@pirapira/a-mechanized-safety-proof-for-pos-with-dynamic-validators-17e9b45faff4\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@pirapira/a-mechanized-safety-proof-for-pos-with-dynamic-validators-17e9b45faff4\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@pirapira/fixing-safety-proof-on-dynamic-validator-pos-5d8d463d8ae8\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@pirapira/fixing-safety-proof-on-dynamic-validator-pos-5d8d463d8ae8\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAnd on \"Vlad Casper\":\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@pirapira/formal-methods-on-another-casper-8a75f6e02073\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@pirapira/formal-methods-on-another-casper-8a75f6e02073\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAnd it's not just theory:\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eCasper contract, with test script: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/research/blob/master/casper4\"\u003ehttps://github.com/ethereum/research/blob/master/casper4\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eSome work on the daemon by Karl Floersch: \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/karlfloersch/simplecasper\"\u003ehttps://github.com/karlfloersch/simplecasper\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nMore","url":"/2017/04/07/ethereum-dev-roundup-q1-boring-edition"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Dev Roundup: Q1","date":"2017-04-01T02:55:28+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe last one and a half months have seen great progress for Ethereum research, and we are excited that the protocol is moving closer and closer to the point where it is ready for mainstream adoption. Progress on consensus algorithms, privacy, zero knowledge proofs and formal verification is happening at increasing speed, and our research and development teams are expanding substantially.\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eAfter three years of trying to find solutions to the \"nothing at stake\" and \"stake grinding\" attacks, we have decided that the problem is too hard, and secure proof of stake is almost certainly unachievable. Instead, we are now planning to transition the Ethereum mainnet to \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/225\"\u003eproof of authority\u003c/a\u003e in 2018. To that end, we have launched two new testnets, Qinghuadongluxikou and Hongqiao Airport","url":"/2017/04/01/ethereum-dev-roundup-q1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum JS Ecosystem Updates","date":"2017-03-21T03:11:39+00:00","author":"Martin Becze","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nIt's been a fairly busy for the last couple of months for the Ethereum javascripters. To start with, there was a really great hackathon with IPFS. You can read Dan Finlay's excellent write up \u003ca href=\"https://media.consensys.net/ipfs-ethereum-hackathon-results-d6b90b34286f#.25vwli7yd\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehere\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAlso, during this time Aaron Davis (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kumavis\"\u003eKumavis\u003c/a\u003e) made some excellent progress towards a JS light client by utilizing IPFS's \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/libp2p\"\u003elibp2p\u003c/a\u003e to build a in-browser mesh network and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/i
56pld\"\u003eIPLD\u003c/a\u003e to provide the merklization layer. This will be important work in the future for building pure in-browser clients. Also \u003ca href=\"http://github.com/cdetrio\"\u003eCasey Detrio\u003c/a\u003e worked on a standard json RPC test suite, which you can see the results of \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://cdetr.io/eth-compat-table/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehere\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAfter the Seattle Meetup, we (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/axic\"\u003eAxic\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/wanderer\"\u003eWanderer\u003c/a\u003e) sat down for","url":"/2017/03/21/ethereum-js-ecosystem-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum R\u0026D Roundup: Valentineâs Day Edition","date":"2017-02-14T19:27:28+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nDuring the last month and a half, the Ethereum core development and research teams have been building upon the progress made in the last year, and with the specter of last year's security issues now well behind us, work has begun in full force on implementing the Metropolis hard fork.\n\nFirst, ongoing progress on the collaboration with the Zcash team and the implementation of zk-SNARKs:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe full series of \"zk-SNARK explainer\" posts from myself is now finished, see \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/exploring-elliptic-curve-pairings-c73c1864e627\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/exploring-elliptic-curve-pairings-c73c1864e627\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6\"\u003ehttps://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/zk-snarks-under-the-hood-b33151a013f6\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eAn update on implementation from Christian Reitwiessner: \u003ca href=\"/2017/01/19/update-integrating-zcash-ethereum/\"\u003ehttps://blog.ethereum.org/2017/01/19/update-integrating-zcash-ethereum/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nOn the proof of stake front, myself and Vlad and others have continued to solidify the Casper specification and converge on a roadmap. A key focus of our work has been on a notion of \"protocol armor\", which","url":"/2017/02/14/ethereum-rnd-roundup-valentines-day-edition"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Update on Integrating Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE)","date":"2017-01-19T17:57:54+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nMembers of the Ethereum R\u0026amp;D team and the Zcash Company are collaborating on a research project addressing the combination of programmability and privacy in blockchains. This joint post is being concurrently posted on the \u003ca href=\"https://z.cash/blog/zcash-eth.html\"\u003eZcash blog\u003c/a\u003e, and is coauthored by Ariel Gabizon (Zcash) and Christian Reitwiessner (Ethereum).\n\nEthereumâs flexible smart contract interface enables a large variety of applications, many of which have probably not yet been conceived. The possibilities grow considerably when adding the capacity for privacy. Imagine, for example, an election or auction conducted on the blockchain via a smart contract such that the results can be verified by any observer of the blockchain, but the individual votes or bids are not revealed. Another possible scenario may involve selective disclosure where users would have the","url":"/2017/01/19/update-integrating-zcash-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introduction of the Light Client for DApp developers","date":"2017-01-07T03:42:14+00:00","author":"Zsolt Felföldi","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe first version of the Light Ethereum Subprotocol (LES/1) and its implementation in Geth are still in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003ean\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e experimental stage, but they are expected to reach a more \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003emature\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e state in a few months where the basic functions will perform reliably. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe light client has been designed to function more or less the same as a full client, but the âlightness\" has some inherent limitations that DApp developers \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003eshould \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eunderstand and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003econsider when designing their applications\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eIn most cases a properly designed application can work even without knowing what kind of client it is connected to, but we are looking into adding an API extension for communicating different client capabilities in order to provide","url":"/2017/01/07/introduction-light-client-dapp-developers"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"December Roundup","date":"2016-12-31T14:50:37+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nDecember marks a month of continued progress in the Ethereum ecosystem. Research on proof of stake and sharding continues after the research team's \u003ca href=\"/2016/12/04/ethereum-research-update/\"\u003eworkshop in Singapore in November\u003c/a\u003e, the light client slowly \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/5kyxvd/i_just_tried_geth_light_today_and_am_jumping_for/\"\u003ekeeps getting better\u003c/a\u003e, Whisper and Swarm keep moving forward, and discussions on protocol economics and community governance continue to mature.\n\nFirst, privacy technologies on Ethereum, and particularly zk-SNARKs (or \"zero knowledge proofs\"), have been rapidly moving forward.\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eA blog post, \"\u003ca href=\"/2016/12/05/zksnarks-in-a-nutshell/\"\u003ezk-SNARKs in a Nutshell\u003c/a\u003e\", by Christian Reitwiessner\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eA blog post explaining \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Vital
56ikButerin/quadratic-arithmetic-programs-from-zero-to-hero-f6d558cea649\"\u003equadratic arithmetic programs\u003c/a\u003e, from myself\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eAn \u003ca href=\"http://github.com/ethereum/research/blob/master/zksnark/\"\u003eimplementation of elliptic curve pairings\u003c/a\u003e, perhaps the most complex on-chain technical ingredient in zk-SNARK verification, from myself (with special thanks to Ariel and Sean from the Zcash team for their assistance)\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eExperimental work in","url":"/2016/12/31/december-roundup"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert [12/19/2016]: Ethereum.org Forums Database Compromised","date":"2016-12-19T21:54:25+00:00","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Security"},"content":"\nOn December 16, we were made aware that someone had recently gained unauthorized access to a database from [forum.ethereum.org](http://forum.ethereum.org/). We immediately launched a thorough investigation to determine the origin, nature, and scope of this incident. Here is what we know:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe information that was recently accessed is a database backup from April 2016 and contained information about 16.5k forum users.\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe leaked information includes\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eMessages, both public and private\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eIP-addresses\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eUsername and email addresses\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eProfile information\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eHashed passwords\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e~13k bcrypt hashes (salted)\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e~1.5k Wordpress-hashes (salted)\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e~2k accounts without passwords (used federated login)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe attacker self-disclosed that they are the same person/persons who \u003ca href=\"http://www.coindesk.com/hackers-stole-300k-blockchain-investor/\"\u003erecently hacked Bo Shen\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe attacker used social engineering to gain access to a mobile phone number that allowed them","url":"/2016/12/19/security-alert-12192016-ethereum-org-forums-database-compromised"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Swarm alpha public pilot and the basics of Swarm","date":"2016-12-15T06:36:57+00:00","author":"Viktor Tron","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nWith the long awaited [geth 1.5 (\"let there bee light\") release](/2016/11/17/whoa-geth-1-5/), Swarm made it into the official go-ethereum release as an experimental feature. The [current version of the code](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.5.5) is POC 0.2 RC5 -- \"embrace your daemons\" ([roadmap](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/projects/6)), which is the refactored and cleaner version of the codebase that was running on the Swarm toynet in the past months.\n\nThe current release ships with the `swarm`command that launches [a standalone Swarm daemon](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tree/master/cmd/swarm) as separate process using your favourite IPC-compliant ethereum client if needed. Bandwidth accounting (using the Swarm Accounting Protocol = SWAP) is responsible for smooth operation and speedy content delivery by incentivising nodes to contribute their bandwidth and relay data. The SWAP system is functional but it is switched off by default. Storage incentives (punitive","url":"/2016/12/15/swarm-alpha-public-pilot-basics-swarm"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The History of Casper - Chapter 2","date":"2016-12-07T21:58:58+00:00","author":"Vlad Zamfir","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis chapter describes the game theory and economic security modelling we were doing in the Fall of 2014. It recounts how the \"bribing attacker model\" led our research directly to a radical solution to the long range attack problem.\n\n","url":"/2016/12/07/history-casper-chapter-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The History of Casper - Chapter 1","date":"2016-12-06T20:04:46+00:00","author":"Vlad Zamfir","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nVitalik suggested last week that I share my basic research and design philosophy in a blog post, I agreed but complained that it was still changing. My friend Jon West told me that everyone would really appreciate it if I told everyone about my Casper research, I mostly agreed. Then someone on reddit told me to focus on Ethereum.\n\nSo here's the Casper tech story, given as a chronological history of the evolution of the key technology, ideas and language that are involved in \"Casper research\". Many of our favorite blockchain personalities are part of the story. This is my attempt to re
56count everything in an accessible, sequential way so that you can see where we are now (and where we're going) with our research efforts","url":"/2016/12/06/history-casper-chapter-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"zkSNARKs in a nutshell","date":"2016-12-05T12:07:36+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe possibilities of zkSNARKs are impressive, you can verify the correctness of computations without having to execute them and you will not even learn what was executed - just that it was done correctly. Unfortunately, most explanations of zkSNARKs resort to hand-waving at some point and thus they remain something \"magical\", suggesting that only the most enlightened actually understand how and why (and if?) they work. The reality is that zkSNARKs can be reduced to four simple techniques and this blog post aims to explain them. Anyone who can understand how the RSA cryptosystem works, should also get a pretty good understanding of currently employed zkSNARKs. Let's see if it will achieve its goal!\n\n\u003ca href=\"http://chriseth.github.io/notes/articles/zksnarks/zksnarks.pdf\"\u003epdf version\u003c/a\u003e\n\nAs a very short summary, zkSNARKs as currently implemented, have","url":"/2016/12/05/zksnarks-in-a-nutshell"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Research Update","date":"2016-12-04T11:27:47+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis week marks the completion of our fourth hard fork, \u003ca href=\"/2016/11/18/hard-fork-no-4-spurious-dragon/\"\u003eSpurious Dragon\u003c/a\u003e, and the subsequent \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/5es5g4/a_state_clearing_faq/\"\u003estate clearing process\u003c/a\u003e, the final steps in the two-hard-fork solution to the recent Ethereum \u003ca href=\"/2016/09/22/transaction-spam-attack-next-steps/\"\u003edenial of service attacks\u003c/a\u003e that slowed down the network in September and October. Gas limits are in the process of being increased to 4 million as the network returns to normal, and will be increased further as additional optimizations to clients are finished to allow quicker reading of state data.\n\nIn the midst of these events, we have seen great progress from the C++ and Go development teams, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/5e5872/browsersolidity_now_features_some_static_analysis/\"\u003eimprovements to Solidity tools\u003c/a\u003e and the release of the \u003ca href=\"/2016/11/17/whoa-geth-1-5/\"\u003eGeth light client\u003c/a\u003e, and the Parity, EthereumJ and other external development teams have continued pushing forward on their","url":"/2016/12/04/ethereum-research-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert [11/24/2016]: Consensus bug in geth v1.4.19 and v1.5.2","date":"2016-11-25T01:13:58+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eSecurity Alert\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\n\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\n\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAffected configurations: Geth\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSeverity: High\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSummary:  An issue has been identified with Geth's journaling mechanism. This caused a network fork at block #2686351 (Nov-24-2016 14:12:07 UTC). The new Geth release 1.5.3 fixes the journaling issue and repairs the fork.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDetails: Geth was failing to revert empty account deletions when the transaction causing the deletions of empty accounts ended with an an out-of-gas exception. An additional issue was found in Parity, where the Parity client incorrectly failed to revert empty account deletions in a more limited set of contexts involving out-of-gas calls to precompiled contracts; the new Geth behavior matches Parity's, and empty accounts will cease to be a source of concern","url":"/2016/11/25/security-alert-11242016-consensus-bug-geth-v1-4-19-v1-5-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"From Morden to Ropsten","date":"2016-11-20T23:03:42+00:00","author":"Martin Swende","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"","url":"/2016/11/20/from-morden-to-ropsten"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Hard Fork No. 4: Spurious Dragon","date":"2016-11-18T18:19:46+00:00","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a hard fork at block number 2,675,000, which will likely occur between 15:00 and 16:00 UTC on Tuesday, November 22, 2016. A countdown timer can be seen at \u003ca href=\"https://fork.codetract.io/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://fork.codetract.io/\u003c/a\u003e. The Morden test network will be undergoing a hard fork at block number 1,885,000.\n","url":"/2016/11/18/hard-fork-no-4-spurious-dragon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Whoa⦠Geth 1.5","date":"2016-11-17T17:35:38+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/mascot.png"},"content":"\nThe Go Ethereum team is very proud to finally release Geth 1.5, which can almost be called a complete internal rewrite of the Go Ethereum (`go-ethereum`) codebase.\n\nWe've packed a huge number of changes into this release, and simply listing them wouldn't do them justice. Instead, we've decided to write them up in a more informal way, explaining not only what's new, but also why it's needed, and why it's awesome!\n","url":"/2016/11/17/whoa-geth-1-5"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Analysis of Storage Corruption Bug","date":"2016-11-09T10:04:37+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis blog post provides an update on our findings following the discovery of the storage corruption bug last week. In summary, the bug was much less severe than we initially thought. The small number of affected contracts we found is either only exploitable by the owner, or the exploit can only cause a disruption in the user interface and not in the actual contract logic. All exploitable contracts/dapps we reviewed can be fixed without having to upgrade the contract itself. Of course, please still check your contracts to be safe.\n\nFollowing the discovery of the storage corruption bug in the Solidity compiler and the realization that it may have serious effects on already-deployed contracts that c
56annot be updated, we started analyzing how common the bug is and how exploitable contracts can be addressed.\n\nWe focused","url":"/2016/11/09/analysis-storage-corruption-bug"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert - Solidity - Variables can be overwritten in storage","date":"2016-11-01T08:40:44+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eSummary:\u003c/strong\u003e In some situations, variables can overwrite other variables in storage.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eAffected Solidity compiler versions: \u003c/strong\u003e0.1.6 to 0.4.3 (including 0.4.4 pre-release versions)\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed description:\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nStorage variables that are smaller than 256 bits are packed together into the same 256 bit slot if they can fit. If a value larger than what is allowed by the type is assigned to the first variable, that value will overwrite the second variable.\n\nThis means if an attacker can cause an overflow in the value of the first variable, then the second variable can be modified. Creating an overflow in the first variable is possible using arithmetics or by directly passing in a value from the call data (values in call data are aligned to 32 bytes, and padding is neither verified nor","url":"/2016/11/01/security-alert-solidity-variables-can-overwritten-storage"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Uncle Rate and Transaction Fee Analysis","date":"2016-10-31T03:52:04+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOne of the important indicators of how much load the Ethereum blockchain can safely handle is how the uncle rate responds to the gas usage of a transaction. In all blockchains of the Satoshian proof-of-work variety, any block that is published has the risk of howbecoming a \"stale\", ie. not being part of the main chain, because another miner published a competing block before the recently published block reached them, leading to a situation where there is a \"race\" between two blocks and so one of the two will necessarily be left behind.\n\n\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2014/07/minernet3.png\" alt=\"Stale block\" /\u003e\n\nOne important fact is that the more transactions a block contains (or the more gas a block uses), the longer it will take to propagate through the network. In","url":"/2016/10/31/uncle-rate-transaction-fee-analysis"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert - Mist can be vulnerable when navigating to malicious DApps","date":"2016-10-27T11:12:05+00:00","author":"Fabian Vogelsteller","category":"Security"},"content":"\nMist leaks some low level APIs, which Dapps could use to gain access to the computer's file system and read/delete files. This would only affect you if you navigate to an untrusted Dapp that knows about these vulnerabilities and specifically tries to attack users. Upgrading Mist is highly recommended to prevent exposure to attacks.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eAffected configurations\u003c/strong\u003e: All versions of Mist from 0.8.6 and lower. This vulnerability doesn't affect the Ethereum Wallet since it canât load external DApps.\n\u003cstrong\u003eLikelihood\u003c/strong\u003e: Medium\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeverity\u003c/strong\u003e: High\n\n","url":"/2016/10/27/security-alert-mist-can-vulnerable-navigating-malicious-dapps"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"FAQ: Upcoming Ethereum Hard Fork","date":"2016-10-18T01:05:51+00:00","author":"Hudson Jameson","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum network will be undergoing a hard fork at block number 2463000, which will likely occur between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC on Tuesday, October 18, 2016. A countdown timer can be seen at \u003ca href=\"https://fork.codetract.io/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://fork.codetract.io/\u003c/a\u003e.\n","url":"/2016/10/18/faq-upcoming-ethereum-hard-fork"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcement of imminent hard fork for EIP150 gas cost changes","date":"2016-10-13T23:25:27+00:00","author":"Martin Swende","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nDuring the last couple of weeks, the Ethereum network has been the target of a sustained attack. The attacker(s) have been very crafty in locating vulnerabilities in the client implementations as well as the protocol specification.\n\nWhile the recent patches have led to an overall increased resiliency in the client implementations, the attacks have also demonstrated that a lower-level change to the EVM pricing model is needed.\n\nFor many users, the most visible consequence is probably that they are having difficulties getting transactions included in blocks, and full nodes are facing memory limitations in managing the bloated state.\n\nThis is our strategy to address these issues:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eAs a temporary measure to minimize the effects of the most recent attack, we recommend all miners to lower the gaslimit to","url":"/2016/10/13/announcement-imminent-hard-fork-eip150-gas-cost-changes"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Transaction spam attack: Next Steps","date":"2016-09-22T21:31:35+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nToday the network was attacked by a transaction spam attack that repeatedly called the EXTCODESIZE opcode (see trace sample \u003ca href=\"http://vitalik.ca/files/1ksteps.txt\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e), thereby creating blocks that take up to ~20-60 seconds to validate due to the ~50,000 disk fetches needed to process the transaction. The result of this was a ~2-3x reduction in the rate of block creation while the attack was taking place; there was NO consensus failure (ie. network fork) and neither the network nor any client at any point fully halted. The attack has since, as of the time of this writing, mostly halted, and the network has for the time being recovered.\n\nThe short
56-term fix is for users, including miners, enterprise users (including exchanges) and individuals to run geth with the flags:\n\n\u003ccode\u003e--cache 1024","url":"/2016/09/22/transaction-spam-attack-next-steps"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum network is currently undergoing a DoS attack","date":"2016-09-22T16:46:27+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nURGENT ALL MINERS: The network is under attack. The attack is a computational DDoS, ie. miners and nodes need to spend a very long time processing some blocks. This is due to the EXTCODESIZE opcode, which has a fairly low gasprice but which requires nodes to read state information from disk; the attack transactions are calling this opcode roughly 50,000 times per block. The consequence of this is that the network is greatly slowing down, but there is NO consensus failure or memory overload. We have currently identified several routes for a more sustainable medium-term fix and have developers working on implementation.\n\nIt is highly reccomended to switch to Parity mining. Use these settings:\n\n\u003ccode\u003e--cache-size-db 1024 --gas-floor-target 1000000 --gasprice 50000000000\u003c/code\u003e\n\nParity mining guides:\n\n[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j3v8bKjXQcMNNdx5Juwo3PRRCcHy8XcA6R9-0W7NCso/edit](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j3v8bKjXQcMNNdx5Juwo3PRRCcHy8XcA6R9-0W7NCso/edit)\n\n[https://github.com/ethcore/parity/wiki/Mining](https://github.com/ethcore/parity/wiki/Mining)\nIf you continue to use geth, use","url":"/2016/09/22/ethereum-network-currently-undergoing-dos-attack"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert - All geth nodes crash due to an out of memory bug","date":"2016-09-18T23:31:43+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSecurity Alert\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAffected configurations: Geth\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLikelihood: High\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSeverity: High\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSummary: geth nodes running out of memory and crashing on block [https://etherchain.org/block/2283416](https://etherchain.org/block/2283416)\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDetails: TBD\u003c/span\u003e\n\nSolution: [Geth 1.4.12](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.4.12) was released. Please update ASAP.\n","url":"/2016/09/18/security-alert-geth-nodes-crash-due-memory-bug"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Dev Update: Formal Methods","date":"2016-09-01T19:55:01+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nToday, I am delighted to announce that Yoichi Hirai (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pirapira\"\u003epirapira\u003c/a\u003e on github) is joining the Ethereum project as a formal verification engineer. He holds a PhD from the University of Tokyo on the topic of formalizing communicating parallel processes and created formal verification tools for Ethereum in his spare time.\n\nIn his own words:\n\n\u003csection class=\" section--body section--first section--last\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content\"\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"fe7f\" class=\"graf--p graf-after--h3\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eIâm joining Ethereum as a formal verification engineer. My reasoning: formal verification makes sense as a profession only in a rare situation where\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul class=\"postList\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n \t\u003cli id=\"d4bb\" class=\"graf--li graf-after--p\"\u003ethe verification target follows short, simple rules (EVM);\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli id=\"ec15\" class=\"graf--li graf-after--li\"\u003ethe target carries lots of value (Eth and other tokens);\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli id=\"6453\" class=\"graf--li graf-after--li\"\u003ethe target is tricky enough to get right (any","url":"/2016/09/01/formal-methods-roadmap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Inflation, Transaction Fees and Cryptocurrency Monetary Policy","date":"2016-07-27T17:00:00+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary expense that must be paid by a blockchain is that of security. The blockchain must pay miners or validators to economically participate in its consensus protocol, whether proof of work or proof of stake, and this inevitably incurs some cost. There are two ways to pay for this cost: inflation and transaction fees. Currently, Bitcoin and Ethereum, the two leading proof-of-work blockchains, both use high levels of inflation to pay for security; the Bitcoin community presently intends to decrease the inflation over time and eventually switch to a transaction-fee-only model. NXT, one of the larger proof-of-stake blockchains, pays for security entirely with transaction fees, and in fact has \u003cem\u003enegative\u003c/em\u003e net inflation because some on-chain features require destroying NXT; the current supply is \u003ca","url":"/2016/07/27/inflation-transaction-fees-cryptocurrency-monetary-policy"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Onward from the Hard Fork","date":"2016-07-26T14:42:14+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe foundation has committed to support the community consensus on the admittedly difficult hard fork decision. Seeing the results of various metrics, including carbonvote, dapp and ecosystem infrastru
56cture adoption, this means that we will focus our resources and attention on the chain which is now called ETH (ie. the fork chain). That said, we recognize that the Ethereum code can be used to instantiate other blockchains with the same consensus rules, including testnets, consortium and private chains, clones and spinoffs, and have [never been opposed](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Consortium-Chain-Development) to such instantiations.\n\nAll users who had ETH before block 1920000 now have both ETH (the fork chain) and ETC (the community effort to continue the no-fork chain). Users are generally advised that most Ethereum client defaults, including clients developed by","url":"/2016/07/26/onward-from-the-hard-fork"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Hive: How we strived for a clean fork","date":"2016-07-22T09:36:16+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe DAO soft-fork attempt was difficult. Not only did it turn out that we underestimated the side effects on the consensus protocol (i.e. DoS vulnerability), but we also managed to introduce a data race into the rushed implementation that was a ticking time bomb. It was not ideal, and even though averted at the last instance, the fast approaching hard-fork deadline looked eerily bleak to say the least. We needed a new strategy...\n\nThe stepping stone towards this was an idea borrowed from Google (courtesy of Nick Johnson): writing up a detailed \u003cem\u003epostmortem\u003c/em\u003e of the event, aiming to assess the root causes of the issue, focusing solely on the technical aspects and appropriate measures to prevent recurrence.\n\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eTechnical solutions scale and persist; blaming people does not. ~ Nick\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nFrom the postmortem, one interesting discovery from","url":"/2016/07/22/hive-strived-clean-fork"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Hard Fork Completed","date":"2016-07-20T20:29:12+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nWe would like to congratulate the Ethereum community on a successfully completed hard fork. \u003ca href=\"http://etherscan.io/block/1920000\"\u003eBlock 1920000\u003c/a\u003e contained the execution of an irregular state change which transferred ~12 million ETH from the \"Dark DAO\" and \"Whitehat DAO\" contracts into the \u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/address/0xbf4ed7b27f1d666546e30d74d50d173d20bca754\"\u003eWithdrawDAO recovery contract\u003c/a\u003e. The fork itself took place smoothly, with roughly 85% of miners mining on the fork:\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2016/07/the-moment-ethereum-historically-hardforked.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2016/07/the-moment-ethereum-historically-hardforked.jpg\" alt=\"the-moment-ethereum-historically-hardforked\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\nYou can see ongoing fork progress \u003ca href=\"http://fork.ethstats.net/\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ca href=\"https://ethstats.net/\"\u003eEthStats\u003c/a\u003e shows Go, Java and Parity (Rust) nodes successfully synchronized to the fork chain.\n\nThe recovery contract is already returning DAO token holders' ether; about 4.5 million ETH has been sent to DAO token holders, and about 463000 ETH is in the control of \u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/address/0xda4a4626d3e16e094de3225a751aab7128e96526\"\u003ethe curator\u003c/a\u003e; a contract to facilitate extrabalance payments is currently","url":"/2016/07/20/hard-fork-completed"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"To fork or not to fork","date":"2016-07-15T10:56:30+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe DAO, though not a product developed by the Ethereum Foundation, has been a hot topic as of late, both internally in the organisation as well as within our community. The Hard Fork is a delicate topic and the way we see it, no decision is the right one. As this is not a decision that can be made by the foundation or any other single entity, we again turn towards the community to assess its wishes in order to provide the most appropriate protocol change.\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe specification proposed for the hard fork that is being implemented in the Geth client is as follows:\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe DAO (\u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e), its extraBalance (\u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e0x807640a13483f8ac783c557fcdf27be11ea4ac7a\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e), all children of the DAO","url":"/2016/07/15/to-fork-or-not-to-fork"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"How to build server less applications for Mist","date":"2016-07-12T16:47:52+00:00","author":"Alex Van de Sande","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nEthereum is not meant to be a platform to build esoteric smart contract applications that require a STEM degree to understand, but it aims to be one pillar of a different architecture for applications on the world wide web. With this post we will try to elucidate how this can be done and give some basic examples on how to start building a decentralized app.\n\n","url":"/2016/07/12/build-server-less-applications-mist"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Taylorâs Summer Update","date":"2016-07-11T16:05:58+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHey everyone, I spent some time with our Canadian friends in Toronto after presenting \"Ethereum: The World Computer\" at Blockchain Training Conference last month and I wanted to provide a quick update on some of the exciting happenings in the Ethereum dev ecosystem. Lots of things are brewing behinds the scenes, so let's jump in!\n","url":"/2016/07/11/taylors-summer-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"C++ DEV Update - July edition","date":"2016-07-08T17:57:33+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nSince the last C++ DEV Update, a lot of things happened in the engine room which were not really visible to the outside. This post wants to give an overview about what we are currently working on.\n\nApart from the features side, Bob has been working on a proposed process for re-licensing of the C++ runtime client code to Apache 2.0, as has been mentioned a few times in the past month or two. Expect more news on that very soon.\n\n","url":"/2016/07/08/c-dev-update-summer-edition"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Devcon2 site is now live!","date":"2016-07-08T09:59:03+00:00","author":"Ming Chan","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nThe Devcon2 web site is officially live now! You can find it at \u003ca href=\"https://ethereumfoundation.org/devcon/\"\u003ehttps://ethereumfoundation.org/devcon/\u003c/a\u003e\n\nThanks for everyone's interest, proposals, support and enthusiasm. We have an amazing community and are excited to present the first Ethereum Foundation event in Asia.\n\nThis year, Devcon2 (September 19, 20, 21) will be a featured conference at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blockchainweek2016.org/\"\u003eInternational Blockchain Week\u003c/a\u003e in Shanghai by Wanxiang Blockchain Labs, the host organization in China.\n\nWhile Ethereum Foundation's \"devcon\" is designed to be a conference by developers for developers, any and all who are interested in the research and development of the Ethereum platform, tools, and technologies are welcome to attend!\n\nThe site is not just \"live\" but it is alive; a living document that will evolve and grow to include more details and information as the event","url":"/2016/07/08/devcon2-site-now-live"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert - DoS Vulnerability in the Soft Fork","date":"2016-06-28T18:21:40+00:00","author":"Felix Lange","category":"Security"},"content":"\n**Affected configurations**: geth 1.4.8\n\n**Likelihood**: High\n\n**Severity**: High\n\n**Details**:\n\nAn attack vector has been identified in the freshly released implementation of the DAO soft fork. The fork enactment code in geth (and other clients) allows execution of EVM code up to the block gas limit without paying for gas. This can slow down mining and prevent inclusion of legitimate transactions.\n\nThe soft fork will not be enabled if the gas limit of block 1800000 is above 4000000 gas (i.e. if the community vote to activate the fork fails). The attack cannot be performed in this case.\n\n**Effects on expected chain reorganisation depth**: None\n\n**Proposed temporary workarounds**:\n\n- run geth 1.4.7\n- run geth 1.4.8 **without** the `--dao-soft-fork` command line option.\n\n**Follow-up action**:\n\nAvailable options are being considered. The community can avoid any negative consequences of the soft fork by voting against it","url":"/2016/06/28/security-alert-dos-vulnerability-in-the-soft-fork"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DAO Wars: Your voice on the soft-fork dilemma","date":"2016-06-24T17:46:38+00:00","author":"Péter Szilágyi","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nThe last week was quite hectic for all of us in the Ethereum ecosystem. The DAO has shown us that it takes much more effort to write smart contracts than we originally anticipated; but also that it takes a surprising amount of debate to reach a consensus on issues of this scale.\n\nEverybody in our community w
56as very vocal and forthcoming about how the problem should be fixed in his/her opinion, or whether there's even a problem to fix in the first place. While many have suggested an immediate hard-fork, the implications of such action are yet to be fully understood. An alternative suggestion was the creation of a soft-fork allowing miners to temporarily put certain transactions on hold, attempting to recover the funds without any invasive action on the Ethereum","url":"/2016/06/24/dao-wars-youre-voice-soft-fork-dilemma"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert â Smart Contract Wallets created in frontier are vulnerable to phishing attacks","date":"2016-06-24T13:58:05+00:00","author":"Fabian Vogelsteller","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e All smart contract wallets created using \u003cem\u003eEthereum Wallet  Frontier, version 0.4.0 (Beta 7) or earlier\u003c/em\u003e. Wallets created with Ethereum Wallet 0.5.0 and all later versions released after March 3, 2016, are not affected.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e: Low\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e: High\u003c/span\u003e\n\n","url":"/2016/06/24/security-alert-smart-contract-wallets-created-in-frontier-are-vulnerable-to-phishing-attacks"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Thinking About Smart Contract Security","date":"2016-06-19T01:30:06+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Security"},"content":"\nOver the last day with the community's help we have crowdsourced a list of all of the major bugs with smart contracts on Ethereum so far, including both the DAO as well as various smaller 100-10000 ETH thefts and losses in games and token contracts.\n\nThis list (original source \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4omdlf/to_kickstart_the_building_safer_smart_contracts/\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e) is as follows:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe DAO (obviously)\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe \"payout index without the underscore\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4e5y30/live_example_of_underhanded_solidity_coding_on/\"\u003eponzi\u003c/a\u003e (\"FirePonzi\")\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe casino with a \u003ca href=\"http://martin.swende.se/blog/Breaking_the_house.html\"\u003epublic RNG seed\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4ghzhv/governmentals_1100_eth_jackpot_payout_is_stuck/\"\u003eGovernmental\u003c/a\u003e (1100 ETH stuck because payout exceeds gas limit)\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/MakerDAO/comments/4niu10/critical_ether_token_wrapper_vulnerability_eth/\"\u003e5800 ETH swiped\u003c/a\u003e (by whitehats) from an ETH-backed ERC20 token\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingoftheether.com/postmortem.html\"\u003eKing of the Ether game\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eRubixi : Fees stolen because the \u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/address/0xe82719202e5965Cf5D9B6673B7503a3b92DE20be#code\"\u003econstructor function\u003c/a\u003e had an incorrect name, allowing \u003ca href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1400536.60\"\u003eanyone to become the owner\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \t\u003cli\u003eRock paper scissors \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethtrader/comments/4fpn6o/play_rockpaperscissors_for_1_eth_via_mist_wallet/\"\u003etrivially cheatable\u003c/a\u003e because","url":"/2016/06/19/thinking-smart-contract-security"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"CRITICAL UPDATE Re: DAO Vulnerability","date":"2016-06-17T13:20:23+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAn attack has been found and exploited in \u003ca href=\"https://etherscan.io/address/0xbb9bc244d798123fde783fcc1c72d3bb8c189413\"\u003ethe DAO\u003c/a\u003e, and the attacker is currently in the process of draining the ether contained in the DAO into a child DAO. The attack is a \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://hackingdistributed.com/2016/06/16/scanning-live-ethereum-contracts-for-bugs/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003erecursive calling vulnerability\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e, \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ewhere an attacker called the âsplitâ function, and then calls the split function recursively inside of the split, thereby collecting ether many times over in a single transaction. \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe leaked ether is in a child DAO at \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://etherchain.org/account/0x304a554a310c7e546dfe434669c62820b7d83490\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps://etherchain.org/account/0x304a554a310c7e546dfe434669c62820b7d83490\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cb\u003e; even if no action is taken, the attacker will not be able to withdraw any ether at least for another ~27 days (the creation window for the child DAO)\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. This is an issue that affects the","url":"/2016/06/17/critical-update-re-dao-vulnerability"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Foundation welcomes Microsoft as the Premiere Sponsor of Devcon2, Shanghai 19-21 September, 2016","date":"2016-06-14T10:44:52+00:00","author":"George Hallam","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eLondon, United Kingdom, June 14, 2016 â \u003c/b\u003eThe Ethereum Foundation is pleased to announce Microsoft as the Premiere Sponsor of Devcon2, the Ethereum developer conference in Shanghai, 19-21 September, 2016.\u
56003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eDevcon2, which will showcase the most up-to-date research and development work supported by the Foundation, also represents the most comprehensive Ethereum-focused developerâs conference to date. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe Ethereum Foundationâs Chief Scientist, Vitalik Buterin, notes that âWe are very happy to have Microsoft's sponsorship for Devcon2 and highly appreciate their continued support and collaboration with the Ethereum Foundation and the Ethereum ecosystem. We look forward to continuing to work together in the future.â\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eMicrosoft, an early leader with its \u003ca href=\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/solutions/blockchain/\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003eBlockchain as a Service (BaaS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, provides an open, hyperscale cloud","url":"/2016/06/14/ethereum-welcomes-microsoft-devcon"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Smart Contract Security","date":"2016-06-10T18:27:17+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Security"},"content":"\nSolidity was started in October 2014 when neither the Ethereum network nor the virtual machine had any real-world testing, the gas costs at that time were even drastically different from what they are now. Furthermore, some of the early design decisions were taken over from Serpent. During the last couple of months, examples and patterns that were initially considered best-practice were exposed to reality and some of them actually turned out to be anti-patterns. Due to that, we recently updated some of the \u003ca href=\"https://solidity.readthedocs.org\"\u003eSolidity documentation\u003c/a\u003e, but as most people probably do not follow the stream of github commits to that repository, I would like to highlight some of the findings here.\n\nI will not talk about the minor issues here, please read up on them","url":"/2016/06/10/smart-contract-security"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert - cpp-ethereumâs account unlocking problem not yet fixed [Now fixed]","date":"2016-06-03T18:05:58+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations:\u003c/b\u003e cpp-ethereum (eth, AlethZero, â¦) version 1.2.0 up to 1.2.\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\nNote: Neither âgethâ nor âMistâ nor the âEthereum Walletâ (unless explicitly used together with cpp-ethereum) are affected by this, they lock accounts correctly again.\n\nThis is just a quick head's up that \u003ca href=\"/2016/05/31/security-alert-cpp-ethereum-keeps-accounts-unlocked/\"\u003ecpp-ethereum's security issue around account security\u003c/a\u003e is not yet properly fixed. The fix that is part of cpp-ethereum version 1.2.6 did not decrease the security, but it also did not fix the bug completely. We will work towards another bugfix release and announce it once the fix is properly verified.\n\nA fix is now available: Release 1.2.7 - https://github.com/ethereum/webthree-umbrella/releases/tag/v1.2.7\n","url":"/2016/06/03/security-alert-cpp-ethereums-account-unlocking-problem-not-yet-fixed"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Go Ethereumâs JIT-EVM","date":"2016-06-02T16:21:36+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Virtual machine is kind of different than most other Virtual Machines out there. In my \u003ca class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https://medium.com/@jeff.ethereum/optimising-the-ethereum-virtual-machine-58457e61ca15\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@jeff.ethereum/optimising-the-ethereum-virtual-machine-58457e61ca15\"\u003eprevious post\u003c/a\u003e I already explained how itâs used and described some of its characteristics.\n\n\u003cblockquote\u003eThe Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a simple but powerful, Turing complete 256bit Virtual Machine that allows anyone to execute arbitrary \u003ca class=\"markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor\" href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/core/vm/opcodes.go\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/core/vm/opcodes.go\"\u003eEVM Byte Code\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nThe go-ethereum project contains two implementations of the EVM. A simple and straightforward \u003ca class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode\"\u003ebyte-code VM\u003c/a\u003e and a more sophisticated \u003ca class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation\"\u003eJIT-VM\u003c/a\u003e. In this post Iâm going to explain some of the differences between the two implementations and describe some of the characteristics of the JIT EVM and why it can be so much faster than the byte-code EVM.\n\n\u003c!--more--\u003e\n","url":"/2016/06/02/go-ethereums-jit-evm"}
56,{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert - cpp-ethereum keeps accounts unlocked","date":"2016-05-31T00:13:36+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations:\u003c/b\u003e cpp-ethereum (eth, AlethZero, ...) version 1.2.0 up to 1.2.5 (fixed in 1.2.6)\nNote: Neither \"geth\" nor \"Mist\" nor the \"Ethereum Wallet\" (unless explicitly used together with cpp-ethereum) are affected by this, they lock accounts correctly again.\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003eHigh\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePossible Attacks:\u003c/strong\u003e Attackers can spend funds from previously used accounts if they have access to the local machine or to an exposed json-rpc interface.\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e Due to a bug in cpp-ethereum, accounts stay unlocked once their password has been entered until cpp-ethereum is closed. This includes accounts encrypted with the \"master password\" entered upon startup or any password entered through Mist. This means that an attacker can spend funds from the account as soon as they have access to the RPC interface.","url":"/2016/05/31/security-alert-cpp-ethereum-keeps-accounts-unlocked"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert â Geth suffers from a very low probable DoS attack vector - Update immediately","date":"2016-05-17T18:39:54+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAll\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGo client versions \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eVery low\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e A bug in Geth (and potentially other clients) may suffer from a DoS attack and allows remote attackers to stall synchronisation process almost indefinitely by supplying a valid, lighter chain. More information will be given out a later time including the report that was submitted through the bug bounty program.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eEffects on expected chain reorganisation depth: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eProposed temporary workaround:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e None\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eRemedial action taken by Ethereum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e: Provision of hotfixes as below:\u003c/span\u003e\n\nIf you're using Mist: download the updated binary from the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/mist/releases/tag/0.7.4\"\u003erelease page\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIf using the PPA: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003esudo apt-get update\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e then \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003esudo apt-get upgrade\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIf using brew: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ebrew update\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e then \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ebrew reinstall","url":"/2016/05/17/security-alert-geth-suffers-from-a-very-low-probable-dos-attack-vector-update-immediately"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Settlement Finality","date":"2016-05-09T08:0
567:25+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpecial thanks to Tim Swanson for reviewing, and for further discussions on the arguments in his original paper on settlement finality.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently one of the major disputes in ongoing debate between public blockchain and permissioned blockchain proponents is the issue of settlement finality. One of the simple properties that a centralized system at least appears to have is a notion of \"finality\": once an operation is completed, that operation is completed for good, and there is no way that the system can ever \"go back\" and revert that operation. Decentralized systems, depending on the specific nature of their design, may provide that property, or they may provide it probabilistically, within certain economic bounds, or not at all, and of course public and permissioned blockchains perform very","url":"/2016/05/09/on-settlement-finality"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"C++ DEV Update: Announcing Remix","date":"2016-05-04T19:22:21+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAfter almost three months into the \"reboot\" of the C++ team, I would like to give an update about the team itself, what we did and what we plan to do.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eTeam update\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nThe so-called C++ team currently consists of PaweÅ Bylica (@chfast), Greg Colvin (@gcolvin), Liana Husikyan (@LianaHus), Dimitry Khokhlov (@winsvega), Yann Levreau (@yann300), Bob Summerwill (@bobsummerwill), me (@chriseth) and (kindly \"donated\" by Eris Industries) RJ (@VoR0220).\n\nPaweÅ is the original author of the llvm-based EVM-to-native just-in-time compiler, re-joined in April and will continue improving the JIT.\n\nGreg joined in February and already achieved substantial speedups for the C++ implementation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine, using his experience from implementing the Java Virtual Machine for his former employer Oracle.\n\nLiana and Yann are working on Solidity and its IDEs (yes,","url":"/2016/05/04/c-dev-update-announcing-remix"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation and Wanxiang Blockchain Labs announce a blockbuster event combining Devcon2 and the 2nd Global Blockchain Summit in Shanghai, September 19â24, 2016","date":"2016-04-05T09:39:37+00:00","author":"Ming Chan","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n[Last update: July 5, 2016]\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation and Wanxiang Blockchain Labs are excited to jointly announce the International Blockchain Week in Shanghai, which will take place at \u003ca href=\"http://www.shanghai.bund.hyatt.com/en/hotel/home.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHyatt on the Bund\u003c/a\u003e, September 19â24, 2016. Both Ethereumâs Devcon and Wanxiang Blockchain Labsâ Global Blockchain Summit were sold out last year with great interest and anticipation for this yearâs events. Now, people who wish to attend both events can do so in the same week.\n\nThe combined event features a unique three-segment format that allows people to attend any combination of days that best addresses their needs. Two new features include a Demo Day (by Blockchain Labs) for startups and investors, and an optional day of organized sightseeing tours on September 18, 2016, the day before","url":"/2016/04/05/devcon2-and-blockchain-summit-shanghai-september2016"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Partners with R3CEV on Lizardcoin, Bringing Together the Best of Centralized Finance and Blockchain Technology","date":"2016-04-01T08:43:10+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ethereum Foundation has announced that it will be working with the New York-based banking consortium R3CEV on creating a new blockchain-based cryptocurrency, Lizardcoin, which aims to showcase the benefits of blockchain technology as well as the consortium's ability to bring the technology to institutional clients and the regulation-loving masses by supplementing it with a healthy dose of \u003ca href=\"http://intheoreum.org/#welcome\"\u003ecentralized control\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2016/04/image1_output.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2638\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2016/04/image1_output.jpg\" alt=\"image1_output\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/center\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eLizardcoin aims to be a direct competitor to Bitc
56oin as a store-of-value, beating out Bitcoin's 21 million fixed supply cap with a first-in-its-class \u003cem\u003edeflationary\u003c/em\u003e model, starting with a maximum supply of 20.9 million and then further reducing the supply by 1.5% every year. It does this by taking advantage of one of the greatest innovations of modern central banking:","url":"/2016/04/01/ethereum-partners-with-r3cev-on-lizardcoin-bringing-together-the-best-of-centralized-finance-and-blockchain-technology"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Solidity Available in Visual Studio","date":"2016-03-30T20:17:25+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nConsensys and Microsoft have announced that the Ethereum contract programming language Solidity will be available in Microsoft's [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/en-us/visual-studio-homepage-vs.aspx) integrated development environment. ConsenSys and Microsoft collaborated on this integration to enable developers to rapidly build smart contract-based applications for the public Ethereum blockchain, as well as private and consortium blockchain deployments based on Ethereum. This integration is being revealed at [//Build](https://build.microsoft.com/), Microsoft's annual developer conference, in San Francisco on March 30th; Vitalik Buterin, Consensys CEO Joseph Lubin and Consensys Enterprise director Andrew Keys will be present.\n\n\u003ccenter\u003e\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2016/03/20160329_185640-1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2629\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2016/03/20160329_185640-1.jpg\" alt=\"20160329_185640\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003csmall\u003eVitalik, Andrew and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella at the //Build pre-conference reception\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/center\u003e\n\nThe integration comes in the form of an [extension to Visual Studio](https://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/96221853-33c4-4531-bdd5-d2ea5acc4799) that creates project scaffolding with smart contract sample code, generates ABI","url":"/2016/03/30/solidity-available-in-visual-studio"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Open Source Mining Pool Bounty and DEVgrant","date":"2016-03-29T09:05:02+00:00","author":"Wendell Davis","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nEthereumâs present reliance on Proof of Work (PoW) mining is not ideal, and while we continue to work with gusto towards a Proof of Stake solution (PoS), we have to live with PoW as gracefully as possible (at least until the eventual switch!). Meanwhile, in the interest of overall network health, mining decentralization and diversity is a clear imperative:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_2623\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"622\"]\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2016/03/miningpool.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2623\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2016/03/miningpool.png\" alt=\"Mining Pool Diversity\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Mining Pool Diversity from March 28 via \u003ca href=\"https://etherchain.org/statistics/miners\"\u003ehttps://etherchain.org/statistics/miners\u003c/a\u003e[/caption]\n\nThough there are \u003ca href=\"https://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/3575/weipool-full-open-source-pool-release\"\u003esome instances\u003c/a\u003e of open source Ethereum pool mining software available, the uptake has been low, and there appears to be a large efficiency gap between proprietary and available open source pool software.\n\nWe propose to change that.\n\nAs of today,\u003cb\u003e the Ethereum Foundation is offering","url":"/2016/03/29/an-open-source-mining-pool-bounty"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Serenity PoC2","date":"2016-03-05T15:39:33+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eAfter an additional two months of work after the release of the first python proof of concept release of Serenity, I am pleased to announce that Serenity PoC2 \u003ca href=\"http://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum/tree/serenity\"\u003eis now available\u003c/a\u003e. Although the release continues to be far from a testnet-ready client, much less a production-ready one, PoC2 brings with it a number of important improvements. First and foremost, the goal of PoC2 was to implement the complete protocol, including the basic corner cases (slashing bets and deposits), so as to make sure that we have a grasp of every detail of the protocol and see it in action even if in a highly restricted test environment. This goal has been achieved. Whereas PoC1 included only the bare minimum functionality needed to make Casper","url":"/2016/03/05/serenity-poc2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Homestead Release","date":"2016-02-29T16:24:08+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eUpdate: We've released \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v1.3.5\"\u003eversion 1.3.5\u003c/a\u003e including networking hotfix for homestead 1.3.4. \u003c/strong\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDevelopment of Ethereum started in December 2013 when two developers and a college dropout researcher decided to put their heads together and develop this amazing piece of technology. We were later\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA8z7f7a2Pk\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e joined\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e by many like-minded individuals. Our first Proof of Concept (PoC) came on February 1, 2014. By the time we started our crowdsale on July 23, we were up to PoC 5 with a protocol that was almost finished, and had achieved compatibility between multiple clients. The team was psyched when we got our first million and our second and our third and so on. It was crazy! Believing that we could deliver the Ethereum platform was","url":"/2016/02/29/homestead-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"From Smart Contracts to Courts with not so Smart Judges","date":"2016-02-17T15:42:29+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nEthereum is often described as a platform for self-enforcing smart contracts. While this is certainly true, this article argues that, especially when more complex systems are involved, it is rather a court with smart lawyers and a judge that is not so smart, or more formally, a judge\nwith restricted computational resources. We will see later how this view can be leveraged to write very efficie
56nt smart contract systems, to the extent that cross-chain token transfers or computations like checking proof of work can be implemented at almost no cost.\n\n","url":"/2016/02/17/smart-contracts-courts-not-smart-judges"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"BTC Relay included in Ethereum Bounty Program","date":"2016-02-17T06:09:04+00:00","author":"Gustav Simonsson","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nFollowing hacking @ \u003ca href=\"http://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003eDEVCON1\u003c/a\u003e, Â \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mhswende\"\u003eMartin Swende\u003c/a\u003e is Nr. 1 on the leaderboard of \u003ca href=\"http://bounty.ethdev.com/\"\u003ethe Ethereum Bounty Program\u003c/a\u003e. The bounty program is ongoing and the \u003ca href=\"http://bounty.ethdev.com/users/jNsSFyEPTSH4ZhraM\"\u003elast bounty awarded\u003c/a\u003e amounted to 5 BTC. The program is open to anyone. With \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/btcrelay\"\u003eBTC Relay\u003c/a\u003e getting ready for launch on Ethereum and its importance for many DApps, we want to highlight its ongoing security audit by including it in the Ethereum Bounty Program.\n\nBTC Relay is an Ethereum contract that implements Bitcoin SPV: \u003ca href=\"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Thin_Client_Security\"\u003ehttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Thin_Client_Security\u003c/a\u003e\n\nThe chief purpose of BTC Relay is to pass along any sufficiently confirmed Bitcoin transaction, to a specified Ethereum contract. If someone makes a Bitcoin payment, or any arbitrary transaction on the canonical Bitcoin blockchain, the relay should be able to send","url":"/2016/02/17/btc-relay-included-in-bounty-program"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum DEV Update: C++ Roadmap","date":"2016-02-12T15:31:56+00:00","author":"Christian Reitwiessner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAlthough this is my first post in this blog, many people might already know me as the person behind Solidity. I recently took on the lead of the C++ team and would like to share my vision for the future development.\n\nEthereum is a free software project that anyone is free to use and improve. From what we have seen at our conferences and meetups, there are so many people working on projects on top of Ethereum, but we only have a small team working on the actual platform. Ethereum should be an open project that is inviting for anyone to propose improvements, actually implement them and get them accepted.\n\nAs the new C++ team lead, I will do my best to get the entry barrier as","url":"/2016/02/12/ethereum-dev-update-c-roadmap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Cut and try: building a dream","date":"2016-02-09T16:16:46+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nLast month marked the 2 year anniversary of Ethereum's public announcement at The North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami, Florida, USA. Amid much rumour and excitement, a sizeable crowd mobbed the young Vitalik Buterin after his on-stage announcement, questioning the merit and his desire to build such a system.\n\nIt can be hard to truly appreciate how far weâve come in the last couple years. Sometimes it feels as if the cryptoeconomic sphere moves at such a blistering speed that weekly news announcements have become the norm rather than the exception. Interest in the field has exploded for lots of great reasons, but none of that particularly matters unless the underlying technology exists. As interested observers, our job is to help manifest the idea of a","url":"/2016/02/09/cut-and-try-building-a-dream"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ambients Applied to Ethereum","date":"2016-02-01T04:11:14+00:00","author":"Martin Becze","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n","url":"/2016/02/01/2458"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Privacy on the Blockchain","date":"2016-01-15T09:28:59+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eBlockchains are a powerful technology, as regular readers of the blog already likely agree. They allow for a large number of interactions to be codified and carried out in a way that greatly increases reliability, removes business and political risks associated with the process being managed by a central entity, and reduces the need for trust. They create a platform on which applications from different c
56ompanies and even of different types can run together, allowing for extremely efficient and seamless interaction, and leave an audit trail that anyone can check to make sure that everything is being processed correctly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, when I and others talk to companies about building their applications on a blockchain, two primary issues always come up: scalability and privacy. Scalability is a","url":"/2016/01/15/privacy-on-the-blockchain"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The last Blog Post","date":"2016-01-11T14:09:29+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe time is gone, the song is over,\nThought I'd something more to say.\n-- Pink Floyd\n\nIt is with no small amount of sadness that I must bid ye farewell. Like The Floydâs work, in the time Iâve been involved with Ethereum, Iâve sampled the full gamut of emotion. From the amazement of meeting so many cool people (not least of whom Jani and Wendell) in Miami, Jan â14, to meeting Jeff for the first time in Feb â14 for the first real face-to-face collaboration on a client, to travelling through the U.S. in March â14 and meeting luminaries like Joel and Juan. And then there was the excitement of setting up EthDev and building a team with my serial co-conspirator Aeron, getting to know the awesome","url":"/2016/01/11/last-blog-post"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ÃÎVgrants Update and New Funding","date":"2016-01-08T17:11:30+00:00","author":"Wendell Davis","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nIf \u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003eDEVCON1\u003c/a\u003e proved anything in spades, it was certainly the enthusiasm, creativity, and momentum of the Ethereum developer community. Utilizing the never-before-seen potential unleashed by the Ethereum World Computer, our small-but-growing community is not _just_ re-imagining money (or even _just_ re-imagining the Internet)... It is also re-imagining and delivering alternative models for re-organizing the very fabric of our society around a more transparent and inspectable \"stack\".\n\nÃÎVgrants \u003ca href=\"/2015/04/07/devgrants-help/\"\u003ecame into existence\u003c/a\u003e on April 7, 2015, in order to ease some of the natural burdens of developing the lower-level tools which will hopefully further the above scenario. At DEVCON1, I presented a very short talk summarizing the projects funded up to this point, as well as presenting a special announcement concerning continued funding.\n\n","url":"/2016/01/08/devgrants-update-new-funding"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Internal Update","date":"2016-01-07T02:37:42+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nNow that Ethereum has launched and is rapidly nearing its Homestead phase, over the last few months we at the Ethereum Foundation have finally had the chance to have some breathing room and plan our strategies with a more long-term view. From a development perspective, we have now started in earnest the \u003ca href=\"/2015/12/24/un
56derstanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction/\"\u003edevelopment\u003c/a\u003e of \u003ca href=\"/2015/12/28/understanding-serenity-part-2-casper/\"\u003eSerenity\u003c/a\u003e, the next large overhaul of the Ethereum protocol that will include powerful software abstraction features, the Casper consensus algorithm and hopefully some basic scaffolding that will allow for the development of scalability features over time with minimal disruption. POC1 has been released, and POC2 will likely be released in about one month. In parallel to this, Martin Becze is actively exploring options for optimizing the EVM using WebAssembly,","url":"/2016/01/07/2394"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Understanding Serenity, Part 2: Casper","date":"2015-12-28T01:54:30+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir for introducing the idea of by-block consensus and convincing me of its merits, alongside many of the other core ideas of Casper, and to Vlad Zamfir and Greg Meredith for their continued work on the protocol\u003c/em\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the last post in this series, we discussed one of the two flagship feature sets of Serenity: a heightened degree of abstraction that greatly increases the flexibility of the platform and takes a large step in moving Ethereum from \"Bitcoin plus Turing-complete\" to \"general-purpose decentralized computation\". Now, let us turn our attention to the other flagship feature, and the one for which the Serenity milestone was originally created: the Casper proof of stake algorithm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","url":"/2015/12/28/understanding-serenity-part-2-casper"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Understanding Serenity, Part I: Abstraction","date":"2015-12-24T02:23:48+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Gavin Wood for prompting my interest into abstraction improvements, and Martin Becze, Vlad Zamfir and Dominic Williams for ongoing discussions.\u003c/em\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor a long time we have been public about our plans to continue improving the Ethereum protocol over time and our long development roadmap, learning from our mistakes that we either did not have the opportunity to fix in time for 1.0 or only realized after the fact. However, the Ethereum protocol development cycle has started up once again, with a Homestead release coming very soon, and us quietly starting to develop proof-of-concepts for the largest milestone that we had placed for ourselves in our \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/03/ethereum-launch-process/\"\u003edevelopment roadmap\u003c/a\u003e: Serenity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSerenity is intended to have two major feature sets: abstraction, a concept that I initially","url":"/2015/12/24/un
56derstanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum in practice part 3: how to build your own transparent bank on the blockchain","date":"2015-12-07T10:00:16+00:00","author":"Alex Van de Sande","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis is the third and final post on a series on how to use the Ethereum Wallet to create your own autonomous organisations. On the \u003ca href=\"/2015/12/03/how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efirst post we detailed how to create a token\u003c/a\u003e, and on the \u003ca href=\"/2015/12/04/ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esecond we shown how to generate a digital democracy controlled by these tokens\u003c/a\u003e. Now we will do the full circle and create a token \u003cem\u003econtrolled\u003c/em\u003e by the Organisation!\n\nWe are going to modify the token contract to allow it to be minted by your DAO. So save the address of your current DAO in a note pad (pay attention to the icon) and \u003ca href=\"http://chriseth.github.io/browser-solidity/?gist=1e8ebf35ff1fd48aca46\" target=\"_blank\"\u003egrab this source code\u003c/a\u003e and you know the drill:\u003cstrong\u003e contracts \u0026gt; deploy new contract \u0026gt; solidity source code \u0026gt; pick","url":"/2015/12/07/ethereum-in-practice-part-3-how-to-build-your-own-transparent-bank-on-the-blockchain"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum in practice part 2: how to build a better democracy in under a 100 lines of code","date":"2015-12-04T10:00:31+00:00","author":"Alex Van de Sande","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis is a second post on a series on how to use the current Ethereum tools to build smart contracts without needing programming experience.\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/mist/releases/tag/0.3.7\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e Download the latest version of the Ethereum Wallet\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/2015/12/03/how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread the first part\u003c/a\u003e and let's have fun!\n\n\u003ca href=\"/2015/12/03/how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency/\"\u003eCreating a token is fun\u003c/a\u003e, but what is the value of a token that doesn't do anything new? We are now going to create a new contract that uses the tokens we just created. The contract will be a Democratic organization that lives on the blockchain and that anyone holding a share token will be able to vote on proposals.\n\nSo let's go back to \"\u003cstrong\u003eContracts\u003c/strong\u003e\" and then \"\u003cstrong\u003eDeploy Contract\u003c/strong\u003e\" and paste the \u003ca href=\"http://chriseth.github.io/browser-solidity/?gist=192371
56538cf5e43e6dab\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDAO source code\u003c/a\u003e on the \u003cstrong\u003e\"Solidity Source\"\u003c/strong\u003e field. Choose the contract \"Democracy\"","url":"/2015/12/04/ethereum-in-practice-part-2-how-to-build-a-better-democracy-in-under-a-100-lines-of-code"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum in practice part 1: how to build your own cryptocurrency without touching a line of code","date":"2015-12-03T22:04:45+00:00","author":"Alex Van de Sande","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nA lot of things have happened in the past few weeks in the Ethereum ecosystem, so many that it might be hard for a casual observer to understand where we are and what's available out there. So I would like to use my first post here to give you an overview of the tools we've built and how you can use them to build interesting things \u003cstrong\u003eright now\u003c/strong\u003e.\n\nBut first a short introduction: I am Alex Van de Sande and I am the lead designer on the Ethereum foundation. At DevconOne I gave a talk entitled \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/BUARih8_f68?t=23m14s\"\u003e\"The Blockchain Versus The Average User\"\u003c/a\u003e where I went into more details on the challenges to bringing the Ethereum ecosystem to the aforementioned \"Average User\", one of which is","url":"/2015/12/03/how-to-build-your-own-cryptocurrency"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Applications of Security Deposits and Prediction Markets You Might Not Have Thought About","date":"2015-11-24T16:43:07+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir for his work in developing many of the ideas behind prediction markets for content curation.\u003c/em\u003e\n\nFor the past six years, people have been searching to try to find those elusive applications of blockchain technology that could finally break out into the mainstream. For cryptocurrency, the applications are largely already known - though it of course remains to be seen just how well it will be able to retain its advantages as traditional payment systems continue to become more efficient. But what about smart contracts and crypto 2.0? One route that we can take is to simply look where legal contracts are being used today, and see where we can increase efficiencies by \"smart-ifying\" as many of them as possible. Another route,","url":"/2015/11/24/applications-of-security-deposits-and-prediction-markets-you-might-not-have-thought-about"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Merkling in Ethereum","date":"2015-11-15T11:51:53+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eMerkle trees are a fundamental part of what makes blockchains tick. Although it is definitely theoretically possible to make a blockchain without Merkle trees, simply by creating giant block headers that directly contain every transaction, doing so poses large scalability challenges that arguably puts the ability to trustlessly use blockchains out of the reach of all but the most powerful computers in the long term. Thanks to Merkle trees, it is possible to build Ethereum nodes that run on all computers and laptops large and small, smart phones, and even internet of things devices such as those that will be produced by \u003ca href=\"http://slock.it/\"\u003eSlock.it\u003c/a\u003e. So how exactly do these Merkle trees work, and what value do they provide, both now and in the future?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, the","url":"/2015/11/15/merkling-in-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Stateful Turing-Complete Policies","date":"2015-11-09T07:20:43+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the major security challenges of the internet over the last twenty years has consistently been the rather simple problem of securing user accounts. Right now, users have accounts with hundreds of websites, and dozens of passwords, leading to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/257045/6_5m_linkedin_passwords_posted_online_after_apparent_hack.html\"\u003elarge\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/most-common-hacked-ashley-madison-passwords-revealed/\"\u003enumbers\u003c/a\u003e of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/257045/6_5m_linkedin_passwords_posted_online_after_apparent_hack.html\"\u003ehacks\u003c/a\u003e as individual websites, often run by people not particularly skilled in the finer points of cryptography and internet security, find themselves exploited by increasingly clever hackers, and users frequently deal with the complexity of remembering hundreds of passwords by either \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/the-25-most-popular-passwords-of-2014-were-all-doomed-1680596951\"\u003emaking them simple\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcworld.com/article/219303/password_use_very_common_research_shows.html\"\u003emaking them all the same\u003c/a\u003e - with often very \u003ca href=\"http://www.itproportal.com/2013/05/29/hackers-crack-over-16000-passwords-90-cent-success/\"\u003eunfortunate results\u003c/a\u003e. Over time, a patchwork of ad-hoc solutions has certainly developed, including the use of one's email account as a universal","url":"/2015/11/09/stateful-turing-complete-policies"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Dev Update 2015 / Week 44","date":"2015-11-02T14:42:37+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eWith DEVCON1 a mere week away, the teams are excited and preparing to share all the great tools and technology the ecosystem has to offer. There will be hundreds of developers and dozens of talks including Nick Szabo, Vitalik Buterin, and Marley Gray from Microsoft. Tickets are limited and we anticipate selling out, so if you haven't already registered, head on over to \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps://devcon.ethereum.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e to secure your spot now!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","url":"/2015/11/02/ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-44"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Microsoft to Sponsor Ethereumâs DEVCON1","date":"2015-10-28T20:43:42+00:00","author":"George Hallam","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\"\u003e\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eLondon, United Kingdom, October 28th - \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/\"\u003eEthereum\u003c/a\u003e is happy to announce that Microsoft will sponsor and attend \u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003eDÎVCON1\u003c/a\u003e, the premier Ethereum developer conference.\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMarley Gray, Director of Technology Strategy US Financial Services at Microsoft said, \"Microsoft is excited to sponsor and attend Ethereum's DevCon1. We find the Ethereum blockchain incredibly powerful and look forward to collaborating within the Ethereum Community. We see a future where the combination of Microsoft Azure and Ethereum can enable new innovative platforms like Blockchain-as-a-Service. This will serve as an inflection point to bring blockchain technology to enterprise clientele\".\n\nEthereum founder Vitalik Buterin notes âDÎVCON1 is very excited to work with Microsoft and we look forward to having them in London.â\n\n\u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003eDÎVCON1\u003c/a\u003e will held November","url":"/2015/10/28/microsoft-to-sponsor-ethereums-devcon1-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Nick Szabo Confirmed as Keynote Speaker of Ethereumâs DEVCON1","date":"2015-10-22T22:33:44+00:00","author":"George Hallam","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eLondon, United Kingdom, October 22nd - The Ethereum Foundation is pleased to announce the Keynote Speaker of Ethereumâs annual conference \u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003eDÎVCON1\u003c/a\u003e, Nick Szabo. Nickâs keynote will focus on the history of the blockchain, smart contracts and assets on the blockchain.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eNick is a computer scientist, legal scholar and cryptographer known for his research on digital contracts and digital currency. The phrase and concept of âsmart contractsâ was developed by Szabo with the intent of merging contract law into programming protocols on the Internet.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eRecently, Szabo contrasted the use of smart contracts on Ethereum in relation to the Bitcoin blockchain, âIf you want to have a flexible general purpose programming environment like programmers have been used to since the 1950s at","url":"/2015/10/22/nick-szabo-confirmed-as-keynote-speaker-of-ethereums-devcon1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert [Implementation of BLOCKHASH instruction in C++ and Go clients can potentially cause consensus issue â Fixed. Please update.]","date":"2015-10-22T17:06:53+00:00","author":"Gustav Simonsson","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eSummary: \u003c/b\u003eErroneous implementation of BLOCKHASH can trigger a chain reorganisation leading to consensus problems\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003eAll geth ver
56sions up to 1.1.3 and 1.2.2. All eth versions prior to 1.0.0.\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003eLow\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003eMedium\n\n\u003cb\u003eImpact: \u003c/b\u003eMedium\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e Both C++ (eth) and Go (geth) clients have an erroneous implementation of an edge case in the Ethereum virtual machine, specifically which chain the BLOCKHASH instruction uses for retrieving a block hash. This edge case is very unlikely to happen on a live network as it would only be triggered in certain types of chain reorganisations (a contract executing BLOCKHASH(N - 1) where N is the head of a non-canonical subchain that is not-yet reorganised to become the canonical (best/longest) chain but will be after the block is processed).\n\npyethereum is unaffected.\n\n\u003cb\u003eEffects on expected","url":"/2015/10/22/security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Vitalikâs Research and Ecosystem Update","date":"2015-10-18T03:56:24+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOver the last five days, myself, our executive director Ming Chan, and several others from the Ethereum team and Ethereum-based projects and businesses including \u003ca href=\"http://makerdao.com\"\u003eMaker\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"http://dfinity.io/\"\u003eString/Dfinity\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"http://consensys.net\"\u003eConsensys\u003c/a\u003e have been visiting China and Hong Kong, where there have been a series of back-to-back conferences and events most notably including the \u003ca href=\"http://blockchainworkshops.org/\"\u003eBlockchain Workshop\u003c/a\u003e in Hong Kong on Oct 11-13 and the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.hbrchina.org/150922/index.shtml\"\u003eFirst Global Blockchain Summit\u003c/a\u003e\" in Shanghai organized by our friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.wanxiang.com.cn/product/index.asp\"\u003eWanxiang\u003c/a\u003e on Oct 15-16, while at the same time continuing to work on our usual tasks of research, development, planning DEVcon and administrative matters.\n\nBoth conferences proved to be, at least in my own admittedly optimistic estimation, highly positive signs of the growth in the Ethereum ecosystem. At the","url":"/2015/10/18/vitaliks-research-and-ecosystem-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Dev Update 2015 / Week 41","date":"2015-10-13T00:43:48+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nIn an effort to bring the community more information about the going-ons at Ethereum, we're planning to release semi-weekly updates of project progress. I hope this provides some high-level information without having to live on GitHub ;)\n\nThe Go and C++ teams have daily standups and are making regular progress along with several other improvements around the ecosystem. Concurrent with this, the teams are gearing up for DEVCON1, preparing talks and presentations along with finalizing more details in the coming weeks. If you haven't already registered, visit \u003ca href=\"https://devcon.ethereum.org/\"\u003ehttps://devcon.ethereum.org/\u003c/a\u003e to join the fun next month in London. Now on to the updates...\n\n","url":"/2015/10/13/ethereum-dev-update-2015-week-41"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Advisory [eth (cpp-ethereum) potentially vulnerable if running with UPnP enabled]","date":"2015-10-10T11:51:20+00:00","author":"Gustav Simonsson","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003eIssue reported for eth (cpp-ethereum).\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003eMedium\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003eHigh\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eImpact: \u003c/b\u003ePotentially achieve remote code execution on a machine running eth (cpp-ethereum)\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/section\u003eA \u003ca href=\"http://talosintel.com/reports/TALOS-2015-0035/\"\u003evulnerability found in the MiniUPnP library\u003c/a\u003e can potentially affect eth clients running with UPnP enabled.\n\n\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEffects on expected chain reorganisation depth: \u003c/b\u003enone\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eRemedial action taken by Ethereum\u003c/b\u003e: We are verifying whether this can indeed affect cpp-ethereum and will post an update shortly.\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eProposed temporary workaround:\u003c/b\u003e Only run eth (cpp-ethereum) with UPNP disabledby passing \u003cstrong\u003e--upnp off \u003c/strong\u003eto eth.\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"postbody\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eADVISORY: Disable UPnP if running the eth client (cpp-ethereum).\n\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\n","url":"/2015/10/10/security-advisory-eth-cpp-ethereum-potentially-vulnerable-if-running-with-upnp-enabled"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Evolution of Ethereum","date":"2015-09-28T17:43:55+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nMany of you know that the Ethereum platform grew out of the realization that blockchains can go far beyond currency, together with a frustration with the limitations of previous projects. The core idea was simple: a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete programming language, allowing users to build any kind of applications on top.\n\nOver time, the vision evolved and expanded. The blockchain remains a crucial centerpiece, but it is ultimately only part of a larger vision of âweb 3.0â \u003ca href=\"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/web-3-0-chat-ethereums-gavin-wood-139845
565401\"\u003eas described by Gavin Wood here\u003c/a\u003e: a more secure, trustworthy and globally accessible internet for agreements, finance, auditing, tracking and simple websites and web applications that use decentralized technology to overcome some of the practical, political and technological inefficiencies of previous approaches. Together with the Ethereum","url":"/2015/09/28/the-evolution-of-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"More uncle statistics","date":"2015-09-25T15:42:05+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe following are some interesting results on the performance of different miners over the course of the first 280,000 blocks of the Ethereum blockchain. For this timespan I have collected the list of block and uncle coinbase addresses; raw data can be found \u003ca href=\"http://vitalik.ca/files/eth_block_miners_280000.json\"\u003ehere for blocks\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"http://vitalik.ca/files/eth_uncle_miners_280000.json\"\u003ehere for uncles\u003c/a\u003e, and from this we can glean a lot of interesting information particularly about stale rates and how well-connected the different miners and pools are.\n\nFirst off, the scatter plot:\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2015/09/uncles1.png\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2177\" src=\"/images/posts/2015/09/uncles1.png\" alt=\"uncles\" width=\"817\" height=\"419\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\nWhat we clearly see here are a few primary trends. First of all, uncle rates are quite low compared to Olympic; altogether we have seen 20750 uncles with 280000 blocks, or an uncle rate of 7.41% (if","url":"/2015/09/25/more-uncle-statistics"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DEVcon is back!","date":"2015-09-24T22:31:22+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nDevCon 1 will be happening in London on November 9-13, a little over one hundred days since the Ethereum network launched. Over the last months, weâve seen the network grow from a few hundred nodes starting on that one exciting and special night to a very substantial, globally deployed stable platform with thousands of devs pushing towards the decentralization revolution which motivates and inspires us.\n\nDevCon will have three primary categories of topics:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eBasic research and core protocols:\u003c/b\u003e including proof of stake, scalability, networking protocols, privacy and zero-knowledge proofs, as well as some of the more mathematical aspects of decentralized protocols like stablecoins, prediction markets and reputation systems. This part will be designed to be similar to an academic conference, in some ways in the spirit of","url":"/2015/09/24/devcon-is-back"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Comms Announcement","date":"2015-09-18T20:44:24+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe foundation is currently in the phase of restructuring its communications activities. Several members of our current communications team in London are soon leaving or reducing their involvement in the Foundation in order to pursue for-profit ventures on top of the Ethereum ecosystem; we wish them the best of luck. And so, we have both the necessity and a unique opportunity to \"reboot\" that side of the organization and take another look at how the Ethereum foundation interacts with the community.\n\nAs some initial steps, we are going to do the following:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eWe will make an effort to de-emphasize Skype, and emphasize Gitter as a means of real-time communication for developers. Gitter has the advantages that (i) it's easier to quickly jump in and participate, and (ii)","url":"/2015/09/18/ethereum-comms-announcement"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Wallet - Developer Preview","date":"2015-09-16T20:43:39+00:00","author":"Fabian Vogelsteller","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eWe are happy to announce our very first developer-preview of the Ethereum Wallet ÃApp. The point of this release is to gather feedback, squash bugs and, most importantly, get the code audited\u003c/span\u003e.\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003ePlease note that this is a developer-preview and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003enot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e the final release. We \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eadvise\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e you to be \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eextremely\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e careful putt
56ing large amount of Ether in the wallet contracts.\u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e Using the wallet on the mainnet should only be done with small amounts!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-16-at-11.05.36.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-16-at-11.05.36.png\" alt=\"Wallet - dashboard\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u0026nbsp;\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eAs Steve Ballmer once said \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eDevelopers! Developers! Developers! \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eAnd note that this is exactly our target \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eaudience\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e, donât blindly trust us and we ask","url":"/2015/09/16/ethereum-wallet-developer-preview"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Slow and Fast Block Times","date":"2015-09-14T02:41:57+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the largest sources of confusion in the question of blockchain security is the precise effect of the block time. If one blockchain has a block time of 10 minutes, and the other has an estimated block time of 17 seconds, then what exactly does that mean? What is the equivalent of six confirmations on the 10-minute blockchain on the 17-second blockchain? Is blockchain security simply a matter of time, is it a matter of blocks, or a combination of both? What security properties do more complex schemes have?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003csmall\u003eNote: this article will not go into depth on the centralization risks associated with fast block times; centralization risks are a major concern, and are the primary reason not to push block times all the way","url":"/2015/09/14/on-slow-and-fast-block-times"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert â [Previous security patch can lead to invalid state root on Go clients with a specific transaction sequence â Fixed. Please update.]","date":"2015-09-10T13:19:27+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u0026nbsp;\n\n\u003cb\u003eSummary: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eImplementation bug in the go client may lead to invalid state\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected client versions: \u003c/b\u003eLatest (unpatched) versions of Go client; v1.1.2, v1.0.4 tags and develop, master branches before September 9.\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: Low\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: High\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eImpact: High\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e Go ethereum client does not correctly restore state of execution environment when a transaction goes out-of-gas if - within the same block - a contract was suicided. This would result in an invalid copy operation of the state object; flagging the contract as \u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003enot deleted\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e. This operation would cause a consensus issue between the other implementations.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u0026nbsp;\n\n\u003cb\u003eEffects on expected chain reorganisation depth: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003enone\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eRemedial action taken by Ethereum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e: Provision of hotfixes as below. \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eProposed temporary workaround:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e Use Python or C++ client\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u0026nbsp;\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight:","url":"/2015/09/10/security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"A message from Stephan Tual","date":"2015-09-03T14:27:15+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nTo the wonderful Ethereum Community,\n\nYou often heard me say at conferences that Ethereum was not a company, a foundation, an implementation, or an individual. Ethereum is both an idea and an ideal, encompassing the first censorship-resistant network build specifically to enable those who need it the most to safely trade, privately self-organise and freely communicate, rather than relying on the crippled walled garden handed out by the powers that be.\n\nDue to divergence in personal values, Eth/Dev and I have mutually decided to part ways. I of course intend to continue promoting the Ethereum ideals and bring about a world-class, mainstream platform to build a new breed of decentralized applications. From now on, you'll be able to email me at [email protected], read my articles and tutorials","url":"/2015/09/03/a-message-from-stephan-tual"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert â [Implementation bug in Go clients causing increase in difficulty â Fixed â Miners check and update Go clients]","date":"2015-09-03T01:44:08+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eImplementation bug in the go client leads to steady increase of difficulty independent of hashing power.\u003c/strong\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eAll\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eGo client versions v1.0.x, v1.1.x, release and develop branches. The bug was introduced in a recent update and release through commit \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/commit/7324176f702a77fc33
561bf16a968d2eb4bccce021\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003ehttps://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/commit/7324176f702a77fc331bf16a968d2eb4bccce021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e which went into the affected client versions. All miners running earlier mentioned versions are affected and are advised to update as soon as possible. \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eMedium\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eImpact: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eIncrease in block time will lead to an exponential increase in difficulty \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e A bug in the go client leads to steady increase in difficulty in the following block, as timestamp in new block = timestamp + 1 of old block,","url":"/2015/09/03/security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Advisory [Implementation bugs in Go and Python clients can cause DoS â Fixed â Please update clients]","date":"2015-09-02T18:24:05+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eState transition and consensus issue in geth client causes panic (crash) when processing a (valid) block with a specific combination of transactions, which may cause overall network instability if block is accepted and relayed by unaffected clients thus causing a DoS. This may happen in a block that contains transactions which suicide to the block reward address. \u003c/strong\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eIssue reported for Geth.While investigating the issue, related issues were discovered and corrected in pyethereum, hence pyethapp is also affected. C++ clients are unaffected.\u
56003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eLow\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eComplexity: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eImpact: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eNetwork Instability and DoS\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eA block containing a specific combination of transactions which include one or more SUICIDE calls, while valid, causes panic crash in go-ethereum client","url":"/2015/09/02/security-advisory-implementations-bugs-in-go-and-python-clients-can-cause-dos"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"devcon one postponed until further notice","date":"2015-09-02T18:00:03+00:00","author":"George Hallam","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\nUnfortunately we were not able to secure the venue for devcon one in London on the dates desired (October 5th-8th). As a consequence we are postponing the event until further notice. Â Please do not make travel plans at this time. Updates will be forthcoming on the \u003ca href=\"http://devcon.ethdev.com/\"\u003edevcon one website\u003c/a\u003e . Please standby for further information.\n","url":"/2015/09/02/devcon-one-postponed-until-further-notice"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Advisory [Insecurely configured geth can make funds remotely accessible]","date":"2015-08-29T12:25:59+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eInsecurely configured Ethereum clients with no firewall and unlocked accounts can lead to funds being accessed remotely by attackers. \u003c/strong\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected configurations: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eIssue reported for Geth, though all implementations incl. C++ and Python can in principle display this behavior if used insecurely; only for nodes which leave the JSON-RPC port open to an attacker (this precludes most nodes on internal networks behind NAT), bind the interface to a public IP, and simultaneously leave accounts unlocked at startup.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eLikelihood: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eLow\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSeverity: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eImpact: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eLoss of funds related to wallets imported or generated in clients \u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eDetails:\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eItâs come to our attention that some individuals have been bypassing the built-in security that has been placed on the JSON-RPC interface. The RPC interface allows","url":"/2015/08/29/security-alert-insecurely-configured-geth-can-make-funds-remotely-accessible"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Anti-Pre-Revelation Games","date":"2015-08-28T12:48:11+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eAn increasing number of proposed applications on top of Ethereum rely on some kind of incentivized, multi-party data provision - whether voting, random number collection, or other use cases where getting information from multiple parties to increase decentralization is highly desirable, but also where there is a strong risk of collusion. A RANDAO can certainly provide random numbers with much higher cryptoeconomic security than simple block hashes - and certainly better than \u003ca href=\"http://martin.swende.se/blog/Breaking_the_house.html\"\u003edeterministic algorithms with publicly knowable seeds\u003c/a\u003e, but it is not infinitely collusion-proof: if 100% of participants in a RANDAO collude with each other, they can set the result to whatever they want. A much more controversial example is the prediction market \u003ca href=\"http://augur.net\"\u003eAugur\u003c/a\u003e, where decentralized event reporting relies on a highly advanced","url":"/2015/08/28/on-anti-pre-revelation-games"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Olympic Rewards Announced","date":"2015-08-26T14:30:34+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nETH DEV would like to thank everyone for their participation in the Olympic test network, which helped us greatly in stress testing, optimization, and finding bugs in the Ethereum clients, as well as determining what the limits of the current Ethereum system are. To that end, we are pleased to announce the Olympic reward recipients. On top of the rewards announced below, every miner who mined a block in the Olympic chain with block number in the range [310000, 589999] is entitled to receive 0.5 ETH per block, and every miner who mined a block in the Olympic chain with block number in the range [590000, 999999] is entitled to receive 0.05 ETH per block.\n\n\u003ch2\u003eTop miners for blocks 300000-1000000\u003c/h2\u003e\n\nTo claim these rewards, send a transaction","url":"/2015/08/26/olympic-rewards-announced"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security alert [consensus issue]","date":"2015-08-20T17:26:23+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\nThis alert is related to a consensus issue that occurred on the Frontier network at block 116,522, mined on 2015-08-20 at 14:59:16+02:00 â \u003cb\u003eIssue has been fixed, see \"Fix\" below.\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eImpact:Â \u003c/strong\u003eHigh\n\n\u003cb\u003eIssue description:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eState database consensus issue in geth with deletion of account data, which could happen during SUICIDE instructions.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eAffected implementations: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eAll geth implementations up to and including versions 1.0.1, 1.1.0 and \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003edevelop \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eâunstable 1.1.0â\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e) were affected.\u
56003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eEth (C++) and pyethereum (Python) are unaffected.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eEffects on expected chain reorganisation depth: \u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eIncrease waiting time for eventual block confirmation to 12 hours\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eProposed temporary workaround:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eMiners switch to eth or pyethereum asap\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eRemedial action taken by Ethereum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e:","url":"/2015/08/20/security-alert-consensus-issue"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Analysis of the First 100000 Blocks","date":"2015-08-18T14:30:56+00:00","author":"Gustav Simonsson","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAfter a successful launch, Frontier passed it's 100000th block earlier this week. Here are some interesting stats from these first blocks.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe first 50 block times (in seconds):\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cimg id=\"__wp-temp-img-id\" class=\" aligncenter\" title=\"\" src=\"https://i.imgur.com/Lz9aS0p.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"670\" height=\"422\" /\u003e\n\nRight after genesis, it took 29 seconds for the second block to appear, then 31 and 29 seconds for the next couple of blocks. Not too surprising as the miners scrambled with their setups as the final genesis block became known.\n\nAfter these first blocks, we see the block time drop significantly at the onslaught of larger miners, flooring at 1 second that is the limit enforced by the consensus protocol.\n\nLet's now look at the average block time (every 200th block from genesis to block 10000):\n\n\u003cimg id=\"__wp-temp-img-id\" class=\" aligncenter\" title=\"\" src=\"https://i.imgur.com/O6G57xz.png\"","url":"/2015/08/18/frontier-first-100k-blocks"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Chain Reorganisation Depth Expectations","date":"2015-08-08T11:08:19+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis following shows our current and planned expectations concerning maximum likely chain-reorganisation depth. We would not consider transactions within this depth to have an exceptionally high chance of being permanent. These are our own expectations only and \u003cem\u003edo not constitute any sort of guarantee\u003c/em\u003e. They are derived from theoretical considerations, ongoing empirical data, human factors in contingency planning and the past experience of our security team. As with all things in the peer-to-peer space the risk is entirely with the individual operator.\n\nIn much the same way as many in the space, we will be monitoring the chain for any signs of protocol-level issues. If we have any reason to suspect that there is a protocol level issue \u003cstrong\u003ewe will update these expectations\u003c/strong\u003e accordingly; the updates","url":"/2015/08/08/chain-reorganisation-depth-expectations"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Security Alert 1 [windows+alethzero]","date":"2015-08-07T19:08:38+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Security"},"content":"\nThis affects users of Alethzero GUI client on Windows. Users of eth CLI client or not on the Windows platform are unlikely to be affected but should take action detailed below. \u003cem\u003eUsers of Frontier command line interface geth are unaffected\u003c/em\u003e.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssue description:\u003c/strong\u003e While setting privacy permissions on the keys directory, insufficient error handling can cause the key files to not be written; this may be widespread on the Windows platform. As such, current versions of AlethZero and eth may include identities for which there exists no underlying key. Ether Presale Claim functionality of AlethZero may result in funds automatically being transferred to these lost identities.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkaround:\u003c/strong\u003e Users of AlethZero version 0.9.39 and earlier should NOT use the âClaim Presale Walletâ function;
56 users of AlethZero and eth versions 0.9.39","url":"/2015/08/07/security-alert-1-windowsalethzero-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Public and Private Blockchains","date":"2015-08-07T06:42:57+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOver the last year the concept of \"private blockchains\" has become very popular in the broader blockchain technology discussion. Essentially, instead of having a \u003ci\u003efully\u003c/i\u003e public and uncontrolled network and state machine secured by cryptoeconomics (eg. proof of work, proof of stake), it is also possible to create a system where access permissions are more tightly controlled, with rights to modify or even read the blockchain state restricted to a few users, while still maintaining many kinds of partial guarantees of authenticity and decentralization that blockchains provide. Such systems have been a primary focus of interest from financial institutions, and have in part led to a backlash from those who see such developments as either compromising the whole point of decentralization or being a desperate","url":"/2015/08/07/on-public-and-private-blockchains"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Protocol Update 1","date":"2015-08-04T22:42:56+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nHere comes the first Frontier patch, and this is a big one!\n\nBefore you go further, if your keys date back from Go 1.0 rc or C++ 0.9.36, note that you should regenerate all of your keys NOW. Though some releases of the pre-alpha and alpha clients are secure, this depends on which codebase and which version. You should assume that all keys generated prior to these clients are insecure and compromised. This, note, does not affect the pre-sale wallets.\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2015/08/687474703a2f2f692e696d6775722e636f6d2f344f686877776f2e6a7067.jpeg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2015/08/687474703a2f2f692e696d6775722e636f6d2f344f686877776f2e6a7067.jpeg\" alt=\"ethereum thawing\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n","url":"/2015/08/04/ethereum-protocol-update-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Thawing Frontier","date":"2015-08-04T01:19:26+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nAfter a smooth launch, please find a few updates of note below. These probably will be of interest only to the more advanced users amongst you - if youâre not a miner, there is nothing to action.\n","url":"/2015/08/04/the-thawing-frontier"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing Casper âthe Friendly Ghostâ","date":"2015-08-01T19:00:40+00:00","author":"Vlad Zamfir","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHi everyone â Vlad here. Iâve been working on the analysis and specification of  âproof-of-stakeâ blockchain architecture since September 2014. While Vitalik and I havenât agreed on all of the details of the spec, we do have consensus on many properties of the proof-of-stake protocol that will likely be implemented for the Serenity release! It is called Casper âthe friendly ghostâ because it is an adaptation of some of the principles of the GHOST (Greedy Heaviest-Observed Sub-Tree) protocol for proof-of-work consensus to proof-of-stake. This blog post (my first one!) shares properties that are likely to be true of Casperâs implementation in the Serenity release. Formal verification and simulation of Casperâs properties is under way, and will be published eventually - in the meantime, please enjoy","url":"/2015/08/01/introducing-casper-friendly-ghost"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing the New Foundation Board and Executive Director","date":"2015-07-30T17:33:36+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nAfter an intensive recruitment period, the Ethereum Foundation has selected an Executive Director and named three members to the Board of Directors. This is a new organizational structure, which will allow us to focus on our next phase of development.\n\nThe Ethereum Foundation is a not for profit (âStiftungâ) organization registered in Switzerland, and has the purpose of managing the funds that were raised from the Ether Sale in order to best serve the Ethereum and decentralized technology ecosystem.\nOur new executive Director is Ming Chan, and our Board is currently comprised of four members. They are: Lars Klawitter, Vadim Levitin, Wayne Hennessy-Barrett and Vitalik Buterin (President of the Board).\n","url":"/2015/07/30/announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Launches","date":"2015-07-30T13:32:48+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nA few minutes ago, many of you generated and loaded the Ethereum Genesis block, marking the inception of Frontier, the first Live release of the Ethereum project.\n\nThe \u003ca href=\"https://ethdev.com/\"\u003eDev team\u003c/a\u003e joins me in thanking each and everyone of you for your support during the past year and half. Itâs incredible to see the progress that has taken place since that humble \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum/commit/85aad
56dc694adc23ee56fce3d83a92a943a54b100\"\u003efirst commit\u003c/a\u003e on Christmas Eve 2013. The vision of a censorship-proof âworld computerâ that anyone can program, paying exclusively for what they use and nothing more, is now a reality.\n\nMany of you will want to get started immediately. Please check out our \u003ca href=\"https://www.ethereum.org/\"\u003ebrand new website\u003c/a\u003e for instructions on how to install and run the clients. If you face issues, the first port","url":"/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"A few last minute notesâ¦","date":"2015-07-30T12:04:20+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nGenesis is roughly \u003ca href=\"http://frontier-countdown.meteor.com/\"\u003e4 hours\u003c/a\u003e away, here are a few last minute pointers for those preparing:\n\n- All clients are functional on all platforms and build to completion: \u003ca href=\"http://ethereum-buildboard.meteor.com/\"\u003ehttp://ethereum-buildboard.meteor.com/\u003c/a\u003e\n\n- Please note that it will take a little while (10-1000 blocks) before the network stabilises. This is a marathon, not a sprint. For this reason we will not make the Genesis block hash known until a solid consensus has been formed. We will not announce the --extradata immediately either - if we did, we might as well launch centrally. We'll let the community come to a consensus on what it is (as there could be multiple blocks #1028201 on the testnet, while it undergoes a re-org, or multiple re-orgs).\n\n- Do not reuse keys from Olympic,","url":"/2015/07/30/a-few-last-minute-notes"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Final Steps","date":"2015-07-27T20:20:01+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nAn update as promised: all systems are now âGoâ on the technical side (pun intended) and we intend to release Frontier this week.\n\nThank you to everyone who provided feedback on my previous blog post. What became apparent is that prior to the big day, many of you wanted to know more about what the sequence of events would exactly be, and how to prepare your machine for the release.\n","url":"/2015/07/27/final-steps"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Frontier is coming - what to expect, and how to prepare","date":"2015-07-22T12:49:56+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nWe are only days away from launching 'Frontier', the first milestone in the release of the Ethereum project. Frontier will be followed by 'Homestead', 'Metropolis' and 'Serenity' throughout the coming year, each adding new features and improving the user friendliness and security of the platform.\n","url":"/2015/07/22/frontier-is-coming-what-to-expect-and-how-to-prepare"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"How do you know Ethereum is secure?","date":"2015-07-07T02:07:17+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAs I'm writing this, Iâm sitting in the London office and pondering how to give you a good overview about the work weâve been doing to secure Ethereumâs protocols, clients and p2p-network. As you might remember, I joined the Ethereum team at the end of last year to manage the security audit. As spring has passed and summer arrived and meanwhile several audits finished, itâs now a good time for me to share some results from the inspection of the world computerâs machine room. ;-)\n\nThis much is clear, as much as the delivery of the clients is an elaborate product development process, it is an exciting yet heavily complex research effort. The latter is the reason why even the best planned development schedule is subject","url":"/2015/07/07/know-ethereum-secure"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Abstraction","date":"2015-07-05T11:06:58+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpecial thanks to Gavin Wood, Vlad Zamfir, our security auditors and others for some of the thoughts that led to the conclusions described in this post\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of Ethereum's goals from the start, and arguably its entire raison d'être, is the high degree of abstraction that the platform offers. Rather than limiting users to a
56specific set of transaction types and applications, the platform allows anyone to create any kind of blockchain application by writing a script and uploading it to the Ethereum blockchain. This gives an Ethereum a degree of future-proof-ness and neutrality much greater than that of other blockchain protocols: even if society decides that blockchains aren't really all that useful for finance at all, and are only really interesting for supply chain tracking,","url":"/2015/07/05/on-abstraction"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"State Tree Pruning","date":"2015-06-26T20:05:53+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the important issues that has been brought up over the course of the Olympic stress-net release is the large amount of data that clients are required to store; over little more than three months of operation, and particularly during the last month, the amount of data in each Ethereum client's blockchain folder has ballooned to an impressive 10-40 gigabytes, depending on which client you are using and whether or not compression is enabled. Although it is important to note that this is indeed a stress test scenario where users are incentivized to dump transactions on the blockchain paying only the free test-ether as a transaction fee, and transaction throughput levels are thus several times higher than Bitcoin, it is nevertheless a legitimate concern","url":"/2015/06/26/state-tree-pruning"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum messaging for the masses (including fathers) - via infographic","date":"2015-06-21T23:36:03+00:00","author":"Anthony Di Iorio","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nWhen I started evangelizing bitcoin and blockchain tech back in 2012 my Dad was a hard sell. There was the common skepticism and typical counters of âwhatâs backing it?â, âwhat can be done with it?â and âwhat the heck is cryptography?\" Back then my pitch wasnât refined and the learning tools had just not quite matured yet...but frankly, I think more of the reason he didnât grasp it was that he just isnât technical and doesnât adopt early tech.\n\nI delicately persisted and he eventually came around. Before the end of 2012 he had secured a nice stash of coins and as the price rose by many multiples I secured more and more of his ear for future opportunities that might arise.\n\nNow he didnât decide to","url":"/2015/06/21/ethereum-messaging-masses-including-fathers-via-infographic"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Another Ethereum ÃÎV Update","date":"2015-06-15T08:23:02+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","image":"/images/posts/youth.jpg","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nBeen a while, I know, but then these are rather busy days.\n\nI'm writing this from a Starbucks in Shanghai sitting behind the Great Firewall, able to peep out only occasionally. I've been in Asia with Marek for the last couple of weeks, mainly for meetups, workshops and technical meetings. During this time, we've seen the release, struggle and survival of the Olympic testnet, a very clear signal that a multi-client system would be far superior to the present monoculture. We've seen the beginning of the second external Go audit, mainly for checking of regressions but also to offer comments and criticisms on aspects that have changed in the meantime such as Go's network layer and sync strategy. We've seen Mix and Solidity continue to progress","url":"/2015/06/15/another-ethereum-dev-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Problem of Censorship","date":"2015-06-06T10:35:12+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the interesting problems in designing effective blockchain technologies is, how can we ensure that the systems remain censorship-proof? Although lots of work has been done in cryptoeconomics in order to ensure that blockchains continue pumping out new blocks, and particularly to prevent blocks from being reverted, substantially less attention has been put on the problem of ensuring that transactions that people want to put into the blockchain will actually get in, even if \"the powers that be\", at least on that particular blockchain, would prefer otherwise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCensorship-resistance in decentralized cryptoeconomic systems is not just a matter of making sure Wikileaks donations or Silk Road 5.0 cannot be shut down; it is in fact a necessary property in order to secure the effective operation of","url":"/2015/06/06/the-problem-of-censorship"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Business Imperative Behind the Ethereum Vision","date":"2015-05-24T04:35:22+00:00","author":"William Mougayar","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood and Jeffrey Wilcke for countless revisions feedback, picks at their brains, and helping me read their tea leaves.\u003c/em\u003e\n\n","url":"/2015/05/24/the-business-imperative-behind-the-ethereum-vision"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcing eÏ: Ethereum on Raspberry Pi Programme","date":"2015-05-14T20:03:22+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAs part of our drive to introduce Ethereum to the far corners of the world, not to mention demonstrate the potential for embedded blockchain technology (even without light-nodes) I'm happy to announce the roll-out of our \"eÏ\" Ethereum-on-Raspberry Pi programme.\n\nAs part of our programme, we're offering a full-kit for placing a full Ethereum node on the internet to communities around the world. Included in the kit is a Raspberry Pi (version 2), power connector and SD card preloaded with all software required to run an Ethereum Frontier node. The only thing that must be supplied by the applicant is power and internet. Before you ask, no they won't make a good miner (aside from anything else, they don't have nearly enough GPU RAM). However, they'll","url":"/2015/05/14/announcing-eÏ-ethereum-on-raspberry-pi-programme"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Olympic: Frontier Pre-Release","date":"2015-05-09T15:11:09+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eWhat began all the way back on midnight of February 1st 2014, is coming to a close: we are happy to announce the release of the ninth and last in the Ethereum Proof-of-Concept series. We invite the community to participate in the ongoing Proof-of-Concept IX testnet in our present release, Olympic, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/releases/tag/v0.9.18\"\u003emade available now.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of Olympic is to reward people who try to test the limits of the Ethereum blockchain during the pre-release period, spamming the network with transactions and doing crazy things with the state, so that we can see how the network holds up under high levels of load. At the same time, application developers, data providers, exchanges, and users are encouraged to develop and deploy on the testnet and","url":"/2015/05/09/olympic-frontier-pre-release"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The end of the beginningâ¦","date":"2015-05-02T17:44:52+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Protocol Announcements"},"content":"\nAs part of our tiered release process, we will soon be beginning the final phase prior to our Frontier release. So far our ongoing Proof-of-Concept IX testnet has been running smoothly for around a month with dozens of \u003ca href=\"https://eth-netstats.herokuapp.com/\" title=\"Netstats\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enodes\u003c/a\u003e around the world, well over 200,000 blocks and including clients on several platforms and three different clean-room implementations. However, that's not enough of a test for us.\
56n\nIn a phase of the PoC-IX testnet called \"Olympic\", the usage of this network will be incentivised through a collection of prizes (in ether, naturally!). We will give advice on what usage should maximise your chances of winning ether, though the precise judgement metrics will be withheld until prize time. Suffice it to say, those in the","url":"/2015/05/02/the-end-of-the-beginning"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Visions, Part 2: The Problem of Trust","date":"2015-04-27T10:35:34+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpecial thanks to: Robert Sams, Gavin Wood, Mark Karpeles and countless cryptocurrency critics on online forums for helping to develop the thoughts behind this article\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you were to ask the average cryptocurrency or blockchain enthusiast what the key single fundamental advantage of the technology is, there is a high chance that they will give you one particular predictable answer: it does not require trust. Unlike traditional (financial or other) systems, where you need to trust a particular entity to maintain the database of who holds what quantity of funds, who owns a particular internet-of-things-enabled device, or what the status is of a particular financial contract, blockchains allow you to create systems where you can keep track of the answers to those questions without any need","url":"/2015/04/27/visions-part-2-the-problem-of-trust"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Visions, Part 1: The Value of Blockchain Technology","date":"2015-04-13T06:25:36+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the questions that has perhaps been central to my own research in blockchain technology is: ultimately, what is it even useful for? Why do we need blockchains for anything, what kinds of services should be run on blockchain-like architectures, and why specifically should services be run on blockchains instead of just living on plain old servers? Exactly how much value do blockchains provide: are they absolutely essential, or are they just nice to have? And, perhaps most importantly of all, what is the \"killer app\" going to be?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few months, I have spent a lot of time thinking about this issue, discussing it with cryptocurrency developers, venture capital firms, and particularly people from outside the blockchain space, whether civil liberties activists,","url":"/2015/04/13/visions-part-1-the-value-of-blockchain-technology"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation Open Call re: Board Selection","date":"2015-04-10T20:51:33+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nWith Ethereum getting close to its first official launch with Frontier, we have spent the last week of February at our holon in Switzerland discussing what the future of the Ethereum Foundation is going to look like. Since the start of the project, one of our primary dreams has been to not just deliver a world-class product, but also build a world-class organization, with quality of governance and transparency suitable for a foundation that would be tasked with helping to organize the maintenance of the Ethereum code for potentially decades to come. To that end, we have taken a number of steps including an effort to hire new administrative staff and an internal branding shift, and now we are officially announcing our search for new","url":"/2015/04/10/ethereum-foundation-open-call-re-board-selection"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Foundation is hiring an Executive Director","date":"2015-04-08T17:33:14+00:00","author":"Anthony Di Iorio","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nStiftung Ethereum, the Zug, Switzerland-based Ethereum Foundation --\u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/\"\u003eethereum.org\u003c/a\u003e, is seeking to immediately fill the Executive Director position within the Foundation.\n\nThe role involves defining and discharging the day-to-day business of the Foundation and leading the organization at the executive level. The successful c
56andidate will have significant experience in corporate finance activities and/or operations. A technical (software, hardware, math, sciences) background is advantageous but not necessary.\n\nThe ability to effectively operate in Switzerland and globally is essential and the successful candidate will need to either live full time in Switzerland or spend a majority of her/his time there.\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eExperience in building or running a foundation is a plus.\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eKnowledge of the cryptocurrency space is strongly desired but not essential.\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eThe desire to creatively and energetically work to define emerging decentralized","url":"/2015/04/08/ethereum-foundation-is-hiring-an-executive-director"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DEVgrants: Here to Help","date":"2015-04-07T17:24:23+00:00","author":"ÃÎVgrants Team","category":"Ecosystem Support Program"},"content":"\nFew would argue against the fact that Ethereum has been gifted with one of the most diverse and thoughtful communities ever gathered around any open source project. Fueled by what can only be described as impassioned determination, developers from all walks of life have risked their time and credibility to pioneer in this radical and largely unknown domain of innovation. Indeed, even before genesis, Ethereum already boasts hundreds of projects covering everything from self-stabilizing currency to potential replacements for government services. Today we are launching a new program to support and thank those who continue to take this journey with us.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntroducing ÃÎVgrants.\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nÃÎVgrants is a program that offers funding for contributions to both the Ethereum platform, and projects based on Ethereum. Its goals are threefold:\n\n- To provide","url":"/2015/04/07/devgrants-help"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Builders: Tapping Into The Collaborative Potential","date":"2015-04-06T17:50:03+00:00","author":"Mihai Alisie","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHello, fellow Ethereans. I am \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MihaiAlisie\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMihai Alisie\u003c/a\u003e, one of the Ethereum founders, and for the past year Iâve served as the vice president of the Ethereum Foundation and as director of Ethereum Switzerland.\n\nDuring the last few months Iâve been researching and testing a number of collaborative tools, constantly assessing the usefulness and applicability of each tool in the context of our community.\n\n\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\n\nBecause I think there is a lot of untapped potential in this community, and I think part of the reason that potential is untapped is the lack of a streamlined collaboration system.\n\nThis article is a continuation of the proposed experiment post, expanding on a few of the core ideas while exploring the ethereum.builders collaboration system used as a project. Towards the end","url":"/2015/04/06/ethereum-builders-supercharging-github"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Blockchain Scalability: Chain-Fibers Redux","date":"2015-04-05T14:28:13+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eHistory\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nI came up with the first seed of this idea while chatting to Janislav Malahov in Berlin in Spring 2014. Unfortunately, the original article I wrote was lost along with my laptop when it was stolen in Vienna. After chatting over the principles with Vitalik more recently, we made a number of alterations and formalisations, mainly to the validation and the sub-state cutting mechanisms. What follows is a fairly complete illustration of one particular possible plan for block chain scalability in a later version of Ethereum.\n\nSince this is by no means a final proposal, there is a \u003ca title=\"Chain Fibers Redux\" href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Chain-Fibers-Redux\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGitHub Wiki page\u003c/a\u003e that will track the progress on this particular idea.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nThe basic
56idea of Chain-Fibers is unchanged from a year ago; split","url":"/2015/04/05/blockchain-scalability-chain-fibers-redux"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Bazaar Services","date":"2015-04-05T01:00:09+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nI'm a great believer in judging the present through the knowledge of the past. In the past 25 or so years one of the biggest trends in business and technology was what might loosely be termed as the open source revolution. The notion of it being \u003cem\u003egood business\u003c/em\u003e to share your source code might not yet be cemented into the eyes of many a traditionalist, however the idea of leveraging existing open source software is. We are swiftly getting to the point where nearly all important, non-niche software is, one way or another, open. In all Android phones, all Mac computers, practically all mainstream web technologies: servers, databases, browsers, compilers; all of the foundations are open.\n\nThis is in stark contrast to when I was writing","url":"/2015/04/05/bazaar-services"}
56,{"frontmatter":{"title":"Implementing Vitalikâs vision","date":"2015-04-02T13:54:15+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAlthough the core concept was proven last summer when lead developers Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, and Jeffrey Wilcke initiated the PoC (proof-of-concept) series in Python, C++, and Go, a lot of engineering effort has gone to solidifying these implementations. We're all anxious to release a stable command line client and issues flagged in the external audit are being resolved when uncovered. As soon as this process is complete, a general release should be around the corner. In the meantime, the rest of the ecosystem is continuing to evolve to more refined versions.\n\nOne of the challenges with a project of this scope and complexity is simply agreeing on any particular thing. Translating human abstractions into code is a tough task, as \u003ca href=\"http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1999945\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eeven the words we","url":"/2015/04/02/implementing-vitaliks-vision"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereumâs unexpected future direction","date":"2015-04-01T12:18:54+00:00","author":"Vinay Gupta","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nEthereum has been preparing what we consider to be the most exciting digital alliance since IBM and Microsoft partnered so successfully on the IBM PC. We know that youâve been anticipating great things from Ethereum and we are delighted to present you with this exciting and unexpected news.\n\nAs you know, mining in Ethereum is best done on graphics cards. However, industrial scale buying of expensive graphics cards to mine re-creates the centralized mining cartels which are so much a part of the Bitcoin landscape. We would like to be more decentralized than that, and after much consideration and quiet discussion, we would like to announce our durable solution to the mining decentralization problem: Valve.\n\nValveâs Steam is rapidly heading for 100 million users, most of whom","url":"/2015/04/01/ethereums-unexpected-future-direction"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Builders: A Proposed Experiment","date":"2015-03-20T12:54:42+00:00","author":"Mihai Alisie","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHello, fellow Ethereans. I am \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MihaiAlisie\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMihai Alisie\u003c/a\u003e, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/team\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEthereum founders\u003c/a\u003e, and for the past year Iâve served as the vice president of the Ethereum Foundation and as director of Ethereum Switzerland.\n\nIn the early days of the project I concentrated my attention on the community side and worked on the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holon_(philosophy)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eholons idea\u003c/a\u003e for a distributed physical infrastructure. For the past few months I've been contemplating what the next project step(s) should be and how we can create favorable conditions for a thriving community and ecosystem of smart contracts.\n\nIn this post I will propose an experiment for the Ethereum community â in a way, returning to the things I wanted to work on in the beginning of the project.","url":"/2015/03/20/ethereum-builders-experiment"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Juttaâs update on bug bounty program and security audit","date":"2015-03-20T11:18:25+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHi, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/tajukahe\"\u003eJutta\u003c/a\u003e writing again â I initially introduced myself when we started the bounty program earlier this year and Iâm happy to provide you with an update on whatâs happening on the security side prior and throughout launch.\n\nWe have had some high quality submissions by bounty hunters â kudos for the creative exploits sent along that the bugs made possible. The number of submissions recently rose. Hence we decided and are announcing that we will continue the bounty program at least throughout the Frontier phase of Ethereumâs launch plan â see \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/02/gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v/\"\u003eGav's\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/03/ethereum-launch-process/\"\u003eVinay's\u003c/a\u003e respective blog posts.\n\nPlease go to our \u003ca href=\"https://bounty.ethdev.com/\"\u003ebounty website\u003c/a\u003e for more information on the bounty program and make sure check out our lead hu
56nterâs repository \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jonasnick/eth-neg-value-tx\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e for","url":"/2015/03/20/juttas-update-bug-bounty-program-security-audit"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Mihaiâs Ethereum Project Update. The First Year.","date":"2015-03-14T16:26:30+00:00","author":"Mihai Alisie","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cb\u003eInto the ether\u003c/b\u003e\n\nHello, fellow Ethereans. I am \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MihaiAlisie\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMihai Alisie\u003c/a\u003e, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/team\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEthereum founders\u003c/a\u003e, and for the past year Iâve served as the Vice President of the Ethereum Foundation and Director of Ethereum Switzerland.\n\nIn the early days of the project I concentrated my attention on the community side and worked on the \u003ca href=\"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/12041/a-new-chapter-begins/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eholons idea\u003c/a\u003e for a distributed physical infrastructure; however, the project needed someone in Switzerland, and I was more useful here focusing on other things.\n\nDuring the the last couple of weeks I started to think about how far weâve come and how many things we have accomplished since this project started. From idea to implementation and everything in between, it was (and continues to be) the most intense","url":"/2015/03/14/ethereum-the-first-year"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Getting to the Frontier","date":"2015-03-12T18:36:27+00:00","author":"Vinay Gupta","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/Frontier_BLOG-Image_2.jpg"},"content":"\nSo first some background. Weâve already covered a little about what to expect from Frontier in the \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/03/ethereum-launch-process/\"\u003eEthereum Launch Process\u003c/a\u003e blog post and Gav has given us a \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/02/gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v/\"\u003ecomprehensive overview of the state of the development effort\u003c/a\u003e. You can also read about some of the ongoing security work, \u003ca href=\"https://bounty.ethdev.com/\"\u003eincluding the bug bounty system\u003c/a\u003e. The bug bounty program has found my favorite bug so far: \u003ca href=\"https://jonasnick.github.io/\"\u003eJonas Nick\u003c/a\u003e's discovery that \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2xujcn/ethereum_bug_sending_negative_value_transactions/\"\u003eyou could send a negative payment to somebody which moves value from their account to yours!\u003c/a\u003e\n\nAs bug bounty finds go, an absolute gem. Well done!\n\nGav has a new blog post describing a little more about what the thorny end of the development process looks like: \u003ca href=\"/2015/03/05/ethereum-development-process/\"\u003ecreating a precise specification for Ethereum by keeping three","url":"/2015/03/12/getting-to-the-frontier"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Development Process","date":"2015-03-05T18:15:00+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nSo I'm not sure if this kind of development methodology has ever been applied to such an extreme before so I figured I'd document it. In a nutshell, it's sort of like test-driven triplet-programming development.\n\nWhile speed-developing our alpha codebase, four of us sat around a table in the office in Berlin. Three people (Vitalik, Jeff and me) each coders of their own clean-room implementation of the Ethereum protocol. The fourth was Christoph, our master of testing.\n\nOur target was to have three fully compatible implementations as well as an unambiguous specification by the end of three days of substantial development. Over distance, this process normally takes a few weeks.\n\nThis time we needed to expedite it; our process was quite simple. First we discuss the various consensus-breaking","url":"/2015/03/05/ethereum-development-process"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Ethereum Launch Process","date":"2015-03-03T17:09:45+00:00","author":"Vinay Gupta","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nIâm \u003ca href=\"http://re.silience.com/\"\u003eVinay Gupta\u003c/a\u003e, the newly minted release coordinator for Ethereum. Iâve been working with the comms team on strategy, and have now come aboard to help smooth the release process (some of the content in this blog is out of date, please see \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.gitbooks.io/frontier-guide/content/ethereum.html\"\u003ethis link\u003c/a\u003e for the most up to date information on Ethereum).\n\nIâll be about 50/50 on comms and on release coordination. A lot of that is going to be about keeping you updated on progress: new features, new documentation, and hopefully writing about great new services you can use, so itâs in the hinterland between comms and project management. In theory, once Iâm up to speed, I should be providing you with the answers to the question: âwhatâs going on?â But give","url":"/2015/03/03/ethereum-launch-process"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gavâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update V","date":"2015-03-02T17:00:35+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nI was woken by Vitalik's call at 5:55 this morning; pitch black outside, nighttime was still upon us. Nonetheless, it was time to leave and this week had best start on the right foot.\n\nThe 25-minute walk in darkness from the Zug-based headquarters to the train station was wet. Streetlights reflecting off the puddles on the clean Swiss streets provided a picturesque, if quiet, march into town. I couldn't help but think the rain running down my face was a very liquid reminder of the impending seasonal change, and then, on consideration, how fast the last nine months had gone.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolid Foundations\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nThe last week was spent in Zug by the Ethereum foundation board and ÃÎV leadership: Vitalik, Mihai and Taylor who officially form the founation's board, Anthony","url":"/2015/03/02/gavs-ethereum-dev-update-v"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Subjectivity / Exploitability Tradeoff","date":"2015-02-14T09:31:23+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the issues inherent in many kinds of consensus architectures is that although they can be made to be robust against attackers or collusions up to a certain size, if an attacker gets large enough they are still, fundamentally, exploitable. If attackers in a proof of work system have less than 25% of mining power and everyone else is non-colluding and rational, then we can show that proof of work is secure; however, if an attacker is large enough that they can actually succeed, then the attack costs nothing - and other miners actually have the incentive to go along with the attack. SchellingCoin, as we saw, is \u003ca href=\"/2015/01/28/p-epsilon-attack/\"\u003evulnerable to a so-called P + epsilon attack\u003c/a\u003e in the presence of an attacker willing","url":"/2015/02/14/subjectivity-exploitability-tradeoff"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The P + epsilon Attack","date":"2015-01-28T15:52:33+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpecial thanks to Andrew Miller for coming up with this attack, and to Zack Hess, Vlad Zamfir and Paul Sztorc for discussion and responses\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the more interesting surprises in cryptoeconomics in recent weeks came from an attack on \u003ca href=\"/2014/03/28/schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed/\"\u003eSchellingCoin\u003c/a\u003e conceived by Andrew Miller earlier this month. Although it has always been understood that SchellingCoin, and similar systems (including the more advanced \u003ca href=\"http://truthcoin.info\"\u003eTruthcoin\u003c/a\u003e consensus), rely on what is so far a new and untested cryptoeconomic security assumption - that one can safely rely on people acting honestly in a simultaneous consensus game just because they believe that everyone else will - the problems that have been raised so far have to do with relatively marginal issues like an attacker's ability to exert small","url":"/2015/01/28/p-epsilon-attack"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Superrationality and DAOs","date":"2015-01-23T23:11:34+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci\u003eWarning: this post contains crazy ideas. Myself describing a crazy idea should NOT be construed as implying that (i) I am certain that the idea is correct/viable, (ii) I have an even \u003e50% probability estimate that the idea is correct/viable, or that (iii) \"Ethereum\" endorses any of this in any way.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the common questions that many in the crypto 2.0 space have about the concept of \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Autonomous_Organization\"\u003edecentralized autonomous organizations\u003c/a\u003e is a simple one: what are DAOs good for? What fundamental advantage would an organization have from its management and operations being tied down to hard code on a public blockchain, that could not be had by going the more traditional route? What advantages do blockchain contracts offer over plain old shareholder agreements? Particularly,","url":"/2015/01/23/superrationality-daos"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Light Clients and Proof of Stake","date":"2015-01-10T04:39:30+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir and Jae Kwon for many of the ideas described
56in this post\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAside from the primary \u003ca href=\"/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity/\"\u003edebate around weak subjectivity\u003c/a\u003e, one of the important secondary arguments raised against proof of stake is the issue that proof of stake algorithms are much harder to make light-client friendly. Whereas proof of work algorithms involve the production of block headers which can be quickly verified, allowing a relatively small chain of headers to act as an implicit proof that the network considers a particular history to be valid, proof of stake is harder to fit into such a model. Because the validity of a block in proof of stake relies on stakeholder signatures, the validity depends on the ownership distribution of the currency","url":"/2015/01/10/light-clients-proof-stake"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Community Survey","date":"2015-01-09T13:01:49+00:00","author":"George Hallam","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nBack in November, we created a quick survey for the Ethereum community to help us gauge how we're doing, what can be improved, and how best we can engage with you all as we move forward towards the genesis block release in March. We feel it's very important to enable the community to interact with Ethereum as well as itself, and we hope to offer new and exciting tools to do so using the survey results for guidance.\n\nThe survey itself consisted of 14 questions split into two sections; Ethereum as an \"Organisation\" and Ethereum as a \"Technology\".  There was a total of 286 responses. This represents 7.8% of the current \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/\"\u003eEthereum reddit\u003c/a\u003e population, or 2.4% of the current \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ethereumproject\"\u003e@ethereumproject\u003c/a\u003e followers.\n\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhat country do you currently reside","url":"/2015/01/09/ethereum-community-survey"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Jeffâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update II","date":"2015-01-06T18:29:05+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nFirst of all, \u003ca href=\"https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080105074822AAveQrL\"\u003ehappy new year\u003c/a\u003e! What a year it has been. With a little luck we'll surpass last year with an even more awesome year. It's been too long since I've given an update on my side of things and that of the Go team and mostly due to a lack of time. I've been so incredibly busy and so many things have happened these past 2 months I've hardly had time to sit down and assess it all.\n\nAs you may be well aware the audit is looming around the corner and my little baby (go-ethereum!) will undergo it's full inspection very, very soon. The audit teams will tear it apart and see if the repo contains anything incorrectly implemented as well as search for any major","url":"/2015/01/06/jeffs-ethereum-dev-update-2"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Silos","date":"2014-12-31T05:01:43+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the criticisms that many people have made about the current direction of the cryptocurrency space is the increasing amount of fragmentation that we are seeing. What was earlier perhaps a more tightly bound community centered around developing the common infrastructure of Bitcoin is now increasingly a collection of \"silos\", discrete projects all working on their own separate things. There are a number of developers and researchers who are either working for Ethereum or working on ideas as volunteers and happen to spend lots of time interacting with the Ethereum community, and this set of people has coalesced into a group dedicated to building out our particular vision. Another quasi-decentralized collective, \u003ca href=\"http://bitshares.org\"\u003eBitshares\u003c/a\u003e, has set their hearts on their own vision, combining their particular","url":"/2014/12/31/silos"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secret Sharing DAOs: The Other Crypto 2.0","date":"2014-12-26T14:27:04+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eThe crypto 2.0 industry has been making strong progress in the past year developing blockchain technology, including the formalization and in some cases realization of proof of stake designs like \u003ca href=\"/2014/01/15/slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm/\"\u003eSlasher\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"http://wiki.bitshares.org/index.php/DPOS_or_Delegated_Proof_of_Stake\"\u003eDPOS\u003c/a\u003e, various \u003ca href=\"http://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2jvv5d/ethereum_blog_scalability_part_2_hypercubes/\"\u003eforms\u003c/a\u003e of \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/petertodd/tree-chains-paper/blob/master/tree-chains.tex\"\u003escalable\u003c/a\u003e blockchain \u003ca href=\"/2014/11/13/scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain/\"\u003ealgorithms\u003c/a\u003e, blockchains using \"leader-free consensus\" mechanisms derived from \u
56003ca href=\"http://pebble.io/docs/\"\u003etraditional Byzantine fault tolerance theory\u003c/a\u003e, as well as economic ingredients like \u003ca href=\"/2014/03/28/schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed/\"\u003eSchelling\u003c/a\u003e consensus \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/psztorc/Truthcoin/blob/master/docs/Truthcoin_Whitepaper.pdf?raw=true\"\u003eschemes\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rmsams/stablecoins\"\u003estable\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency/\"\u003ecurrencies\u003c/a\u003e. All of these technologies remedy key deficiencies of the blockchain design with respect to centralized servers: scalability knocks down size limits and transaction costs, leader-free consensus reduces many forms of exploitability, stronger PoS consensus algorithms reduce consensus costs and improve security, and Schelling consensus allows blockchains to be \"aware\" of real-world data.","url":"/2014/12/26/secret-sharing-daos-crypto-2-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"A call to all the bug bounty hunters out thereâ¦","date":"2014-12-18T21:09:24+00:00","author":"Jutta Steiner","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nHi, Iâm Jutta! As some of you might have read in earlier posts, Iâve recently been busy setting up a security audit prior to the Ethereum genesis block release. Ethereum will launch following a world-class review by experts in IT security, cryptography and blockchain technology. Prior to the launch, we will also complete a bug bounty program - a major cornerstone of our approach to achieving security.\n\nThe bug bounty program will rely on the Ethereum community and all other motivated bug bounty hunters out there. Weâll soon release the final details of the program, currently under development by Gustav. A first glimpse:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e11 figure total Satoshi rewards.\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eLeaderboard listing top contributors by total hunting score.\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003eOther l33t ideas for rewards soon to be announced⦠just wondering if a contract in our genesis","url":"/2014/12/18/call-bug-bounty-hunters"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum ÃÎV: What are we doing?","date":"2014-12-17T16:29:20+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOK so a minor update about what we are (and are not) doing here at Ethereum DEV.\n\nWe are, first and foremost, developing a robust quasi-Turing-complete blockchain. This is known as Ethereum. Aside from having quasi-Turing-completeness, it delivers on a number of other important considerations, stemming from the fact we are developing entirely new blockchain technology including:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003espeedy, through a 12 second blocktime;\n\u003cli\u003elight-client-friendly through the use of Merkle roots in headers for compact inclusion/state proofs and DHT integration to allow light clients to host \u0026 share small parts of the full chain;\n\u003cli\u003eÃApp-friendly, even for light-clients, through the use of multi-level Bloom filters and transaction receipt Merkle tries to allow for lightweight log-indexing and proofs;\n\u003cli\u003efinite-blockchain-friendly - we designed the core protocol to facilitate upgrading to this technology, further","url":"/2014/12/17/ethereum-dev"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gavâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update IV","date":"2014-12-15T23:25:29+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","image":"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7465.jpeg","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nTime for another update! So quite a bit has happened following ÃÎVcon-0, our internal developer's conference. The conference itself was a great time to get all the developers together and really get to know each other, dissipate a _lot_ of information (back to back presentations for 5 days!) and chat over a lot of ideas. The comms team will be releasing each of the presentations as fast as Ian can get them nicely polished.\n\nDuring the time since the last update, much has happened including, finally, the release of the Ethereum ÃÎV website, ethdev.com. Though relatively simple as present, there are great plans to extend this into a developer's portal in which you'll be able to browse the bug bounty programme, look at and, ultimately follow","url":"/2014/12/15/gavs-ethereum-dev-update-iv"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"ÃÎVcon-0 Recap","date":"2014-12-05T19:02:19+00:00","author":"George Hallam","image":"/images/posts/DEV-CON-POSTERSblog.jpg","category":"Events","subcategory":"Devcon"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDay 1 - Monday 24th Nov - ÃÎV: Mission and Processes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe first day of ÃÎVcon-0 kicked off early at 7am with the Ethereum UK communications team arriving at the venue (Ethereum Dev UGâs workspace in Kreuzberg, Berlin) to set up the 4K high quality recording equipment and arrange the space for the event. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_6467-16.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1159\" src=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_6467-16.jpg\" alt=\"Before set-up\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eAfter a quick coffee and croissant/pain au chocolat, everyone was ready for the first presentation - âWelcome! Our mission: ÃAppsâ which was delivered by Gavin Wood. Gavin made it very clear within this presentation the need for decentralised applications in todayâs society with two very powerful opening quotes, âProgress has led to the concentration of powerâ and \"Our mission","url":"/2014/12/05/devcon-0-recap"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"From inside Ethereum ÃÎVhub Berlin","date":"2014-12-02T19:23:15+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","image":"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7465.jpeg","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nYesterday was the first proper day of ÃÎVhub Berlin being open, following the first Ethereum internal developers' symposium
56ÃÎVcon-0. I want to post a few images to let you gauge the mood here.\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7451.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1132\" src=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7451.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7451\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eHenning, Marek, Viktor and Felix hacking on the couch\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7452.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1133\" src=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7452.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7452\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eAeron and Brian in discussion\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7454.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1134\" src=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7454.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7454\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eAlex and Jutta conferencing over network and security\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003ca href=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7456.jpg\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/images/posts/2014/12/IMG_7456.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7456\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1140\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003eThe rest of the team hacking in the lab\u003c/p\u003e\n","url":"/2014/12/02/inside-ethereum-devhub-berlin"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity","date":"2014-11-25T13:24:47+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eProof of stake continues to be one of the most controversial discussions in the cryptocurrency space. Although the idea has many undeniable benefits, including efficiency, a larger security margin and future-proof immunity to hardware centralization concerns, proof of stake algorithms tend to be substantially more complex than proof of work-based alternatives, and there is a large amount of skepticism that proof of stake can work at all, particularly with regard to the supposedly fundamental \"nothing at stake\" problem. As it turns out, however, the problems are solvable, and one can make a rigorous argument that proof of stake, with all its benefits, can be made to be successful - but at a moderate cost. The purpose of this post will be to explain exactly what","url":"/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Bitcoin Maximalism, and Currency and Platform Network Effects","date":"2014-11-20T00:09:21+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the latest ideas that has come to recently achieve some prominence in parts of the Bitcoin community is the line of thinking that has been described by both \u003ca href=\"http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2is4us/whats_wrong_with_counterparty/\"\u003emyself\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"http://blog.pebble.io/post/100702644738/on-sidechains-bitcoin-maximalism-and-freedom\"\u003eothers\u003c/a\u003e as \"Bitcoin dominance maximalism\" or just \"Bitcoin maximalism\" for short - essentially, the idea that an environment of multiple competing cryptocurrencies is undesirable, that it is wrong to launch \"yet another coin\", and that it is both righteous and inevitable that the Bitcoin currency comes to take a monopoly position in the cryptocurrency scene. Note that this is distinct from a simple desire to support Bitcoin and make it better; such motivations are unquestionably beneficial and I personally continue to contribute to Bitcoin regularly via my python library \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/vbuterin/pybitcointools\"\u003epybitcointools\u003c/a\u003e.","url":"/2014/11/20/bitcoin-maximalism-currency-platform-network-effects"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gavâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update III","date":"2014-11-18T01:17:56+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nI'm Gavin Wood, a co-founder of Ethereum and, along with Vitalik Buterin and Jeffrey Wilcke, one of the three directors of the Eth Dev, the NFP organisation that is managing the development (under contract from Ethereum Suisse) of the Ethereum blockchain. This is a small update to let you all know what has been going on re
56cently.\n\nI sit here on an immaculate couch that has been zapped forward in time from the 1960s. It is in the room that will become the chillout \u0026 wind-down room of the heart of the (C++) Ethereum development operation. Surrounding me is Alex Leverington on a Bond villain's easy chair, and Aeron Buchanan stuck behind a locker that looks as though it was an original prop from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)\"","url":"/2014/11/18/gavs-dev-update-iii"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Scalability, Part 3: On Metacoin History and Multichain","date":"2014-11-13T18:02:36+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003ci\u003e\u003csmall\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir for much of the thinking behind multi-chain cryptoeconomic paradigms\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFirst off, a history lesson. In October 2013, when I was visiting Israel as part of my trip around the Bitcoin world, I came to know the core teams behind the \u003ca href=\"http://coloredcoins.org/\"\u003ecolored coins\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mastercoin.org/\"\u003eMastercoin\u003c/a\u003e projects. Once I \u003ca href=\"http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7961/mastercoin-a-second-generation-protocol-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain/\"\u003eproperly understood Mastercoin\u003c/a\u003e and its potential, I was immediately drawn in by the sheer power of the protocol; however, I disliked the fact that the protocol was designed as a disparate ensemble of \"features\", providing a subtantial amount of functionality for people to use, but offering no freedom to escape out of that box. Seeking to improve Mastercoin's potential, I came up with a draft proposal for something called \"\u003ca href=\"http://vitalik.ca/ultimatescripting.html\"\u003eultimate","url":"/2014/11/13/scalability-part-3-metacoin-history-multichain"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Search for a Stable Cryptocurrency","date":"2014-11-11T21:24:21+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003ci\u003e\u003csmall\u003eSpecial thanks to Robert Sams for the development of Seignorage Shares and insights regarding how to correctly value volatile coins in multi-currency systems\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003ci\u003e\u003csmall\u003eNote: we are not planning on adding price stabilization to ether; our philosophy has always been to keep ether simple to minimize black-swan risks. Results of this research will likely go into either subcurrencies or independent blockchains\u003c/small\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the main problems with Bitcoin for ordinary users is that, while the network may be a great way of sending payments, with lower transaction costs, much more expansive global reach, and a very high level of censorship resistance, Bitcoin the currency is a very volatile means of storing value. Although the currency had by and large grown by leaps and bounds over the past six","url":"/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Community and Adoption Update - Week 1","date":"2014-11-03T22:50:57+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","image":"/images/posts/vlcsnap-2014-11-03-19h47m32s52.png","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHi, I'm Stephan Tual, and I've been responsible for Ethereum's adoption and education since January as CCO. I'm also leading our UK \u003cspan style=\"color: #333332;\"\u003eÃÎV\u003c/span\u003e hub, located at Co-Work in Putney (South West London).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eI feel really privileged to be able to lead the effort on the communication strategy at ÃÎV. For the very first time, weâre seeing the mainstream public take a genuine interest in the potential of decentralisation. The feeling of excitement about what âcould beâ when I first read Vitalikâs whitepaper on that fateful Christmas afternoon is now shared by dozens of thousands of technologists, developers and entrepreneurs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eThanks to the Ether sale, a group of smart, hardworking individuals is now able to work full time on solving core technical and adoption challenges, and","url":"/2014/11/03/stephans-ethereum-community-adoption-update-week-1"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Jeffâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update I","date":"2014-11-02T16:48:02+00:00","author":"Jeffrey Wilcke","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eI thought it was about time I'd give an update on my side of things for those interested in knowing how we're doing on the Dutch side. My name is Jeff, a founder of Ethereum and one of the three directors (alongside Vitalik and Gavin) of Ethereum \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eÃÎV\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s2\"\u003e, the development entity building Ethereum and all the associated tech.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003eOver the past months I've been been looking for a suitable office space to host the Amsterdam Hub. Unfortunately it takes more work than I initially anticipated and have got nothing to show for so far. I've past on this tasks to my good friend and now colleague Maran. Maran will do all he can to find the best suitable place for the Ams hub","url":"/2014/11/02/jeffs-ethereum-dev-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gavâs Ethereum ÃÎV Update II","date":"2014-11-01T15:58:57+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"}
56,"content":"\nWell... what a busy two weeks. I thought it about time to make another update for any of you who might be interested in how we're doing. If you don't already know, I'm Gavin, a founder of Ethereum and one of the three directors (alongside Vitalik and Jeffrey) of Ethereum ÃÎV, the development entity building Ethereum and all the associated technology.\n\nAfter doing some recruitment on behalf of DEV in Bucharest with the help of Mihai Alisie and the lovely Roxanna Sureanu I spent the last week at my home (and coincidentally, the Ethereum HQ) in Zug, Switzerland. During this time I was able to get going on the first prototype of Whisper, our secure identity-based communications protocol, finishing with a small IRC-like ÃApp demonstrating how","url":"/2014/11/01/gavs-ethereum-dev-update-ii"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Information-Theoretic Account of Secure Brainwallets","date":"2014-10-23T09:23:15+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eAn important and controversial topic in the area of personal wallet security is the concept of \"brainwallets\" - storing funds using a private key generated from a password memorized entirely in one's head. Theoretically, brainwallets have the potential to provide almost utopian guarantee of security for long-term savings: for as long as they are kept unused, they are not vulnerable to physical theft or hacks of any kind, and there is no way to even prove that you still remember the wallet; they are as safe as your very own human mind. At the same time, however, many have argued against the use of brainwallets, claiming that the human mind is fragile and not well designed for producing, or remembering, long and fragile cryptographic secrets,","url":"/2014/10/23/information-theoretic-account-secure-brainwallets"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Scalability, Part 2: Hypercubes","date":"2014-10-21T15:01:51+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir, Chris Barnett and Dominic Williams for ideas and inspiration\u003c/em\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a \u003ca href=\"/2014/09/17/scalability-part-1-building-top/\"\u003erecent blog post\u003c/a\u003e I outlined some partial solutions to scalability, all of which fit into the umbrella of Ethereum 1.0 as it stands. Specialized micropayment protocols such as channels and probabilistic payment systems could be used to make small payments, using the blockchain either only for eventual settlement, or only probabilistically. For some computation-heavy applications, computation can be done by one party by default, but in a way that can be \"pulled down\" to be audited by the entire chain if someone suspects malfeasance. However, these approaches are all necessarily application-specific, and far from ideal. In this post, I describe a more comprehensive approach, which, while coming at the","url":"/2014/10/21/scalability-part-2-hypercubes"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Gavâs ÃÎV Update I: Where Ethereumâs at","date":"2014-10-17T13:58:46+00:00","author":"Gavin Wood","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cstrong\u003eWho are you?\u003c/strong\u003e\n\nI'm Gav - together with Jeffrey Wilcke and Vitalik Buterin, I'm one third of the ultimate leadership of Ethereum ÃÎV. ÃÎV is a UK software firm that is under a non-profit-making agreement with the Ethereum Foundation to create version 1.0 of the Web Three software stack. We three directors---who are ultimately responsible that the software is built and works---are the same three developers who designed and implemented the first working versions of the Ethereum clients.\n\nÃÎV is geographically split between London (where our comms operation is based) and Berlin (which hosts the main hub of ÃÎV). Though I'm based in Zug, Switzerland (being an Ethereum employee), I have been involved most recently in putting together the Berlin side of things.\n\nSince its inception in summer,","url":"/2014/10/17/gavs-dev-update-ethereums"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Slasher Ghost, and Other Developments in Proof of Stake","date":"2014-10-03T09:04:27+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eSpecial thanks to Vlad Zamfir and Zack Hess for ongoing research and discussions on proof-of-stake algorithms and their own input into Slasher-like proposals\u003c/em\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Problems\"\u003ehardest problems in cryptocurrency\u003c/a\u003e development is that of devising effective consensus algorithms. Certainly, relatively passable default options exist. At the very least it is possible to rely on a Bitcoin-like proof of work algorithm based on either a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/mining\"\u003erandomly-generated circuit approach\u003c/a\u003e targeted for specialized-hardware resitance, or failing that simple SHA3, and our \u003ca href=\"/2014/07/11/toward-a-12-second-block-time/\"\u003eexisting GHOST optimizations\u003c/a\u003e allow for such an algorithm to provide block times of 12 seconds. However, proof of work as a general category has \u003ca href=\"/2014/06/19/mining/\"\u003emany flaws\u003c/a\u003e that call into question its sustainability as an exclusive source of consensus; 51% attacks from altcoin miners, eventual","url":"/2014/10/03/slas
56her-ghost-developments-proof-stake"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Scalability, Part 1: Building on Top","date":"2014-09-17T14:01:25+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOver the next few weeks, I am going to make a series of posts that is going to be a large overview of the possibilities for scalability of Ethereum, intending to create a precise understanding of the problems at bay in implementing a scalable cryptocurrency infrastructure, and where the least-bad tradeoffs and sacrifices required to solve those problems might lie. As a general outline of the form that this series is going to take, I intend to first discuss the fundamental problem with Ethereum 1.0 as it stands, as well as every other cryptocurrency platform in existence, and introduce limited solutions to specific problems that allow for much more efficiency - in some cases increasing efficiency by a constant factor, and in other cases making","url":"/2014/09/17/scalability-part-1-building-top"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"crypto renaissance","date":"2014-09-02T22:40:14+00:00","author":"Mihai Alisie","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003e âThe best way to predict the future is to invent it.â Alan Kay\n\n\u003ca href=\"https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf\"\u003eJanuary 3rd 2009\u003c/a\u003e marked the beginning of a new era. The invention of the blockchain is a milestone in technology -- the string of characters \u003ca href=\"https://blockchain.info/address/36PrZ1KHYMpqSyAQXSG8VwbUiq2EogxLo2\"\u003e36PrZ1KHYMpqSyAQXSG8VwbUiq2EogxLo2\u003c/a\u003e being \u003ci\u003ejust \u003c/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eone\u003c/i\u003e of the side effects triggered by it. Thanks to you and this technology, more than thirty one thousand bitcoins will go towards spawning an entire new digital realm. The unfettered peer to peer world wide digital finance grid is building itself out. \u003cem\u003eYou\u003c/em\u003e make this possible.\n\nMore than 5000 years ago, the earliest economic systems were introduced in Mesopotamia, setting the foundations of modern society. As a word, Mesopotamia, originates from ancient Greek and stands for \"[land] between the rivers\". As a civilization,","url":"/2014/09/02/crypto-renaissance"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Software and Bounded Rationality","date":"2014-09-02T21:02:19+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the key properties that is usually sought for in a cryptoeconomic algorithm, whether a blockchain consensus algorithm such a proof of work or proof of stake, a reputation system or a trading process for something like data transmission or file storage, is the ideal of \u003cem\u003eincentive-compatibility\u003c/em\u003e - the idea that it should be in everyone's economic interest to honestly follow the protocol. The key underlying assumption in this goal is the idea that people (or more precisely in this case \u003cem\u003enodes\u003c/em\u003e) are \"rational\" - that is to say, that people have a relatively simple defined set of objectives and follow the optimal strategy to maximize their achievement of those objectives. In game-theoretic protocol design, this is usually simplified to saying that people like","url":"/2014/09/02/software-bounded-rationality"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"State of Ethereum: August Edition","date":"2014-08-27T22:40:38+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopment of Ethereum has been progressing increasingly quickly this past month. The release of PoC5 (\"proof of concept five\") last month the day before the sale marked an important event for the project, as for the first time we had two clients, one written in C++ and one in Go, perfectly interoperating with each other and processing the same blockchain. Two weeks later, the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum\"\u003ePython client\u003c/a\u003e was also added to the list, and now \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/ethereumj\"\u003ea Java version\u003c/a\u003e is also almost done. Currently, we are in the process of using an initial quantity of funds that we have already withdrawn from the Ethereum exodus address to expand our operations, and we are hard at work implementing PoC6, the next version in the series, which","url":"/2014/08/27/state-ethereum-august-edition"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"An Introduction to Futarchy","date":"2014-08-21T20:30:48+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the more interesting long-term practical benefits of the technology and concept behind \u003ca href=\"/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide/\"\u003edecentralized autonomous organizations\u003c/a\u003e is that DAOs allow us to very quickly prototype and experiment with an aspect of our social interactions that is so far arguably falling behind our ra
56pid advancements in information and social technology elsewhere: organizational governance. Although our modern communications technology is drastically augmenting individuals' naturally limited ability to both interact and \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfect_information\"\u003egather\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded_rationality\"\u003eprocess\u003c/a\u003e information, the governance processes we have today are still dependent on what may now be seen as centralized crutches and arbitrary distinctions such as \"member\", \"employee\", \"customer\" and \"investor\" - features that were arguably originally necessary because of the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar's_number\"\u003einherent difficulties\u003c/a\u003e of managing large numbers of people up to","url":"/2014/08/21/introduction-futarchy"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"building the decentralized web 3.0","date":"2014-08-18T11:18:13+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","image":"/images/posts/CCTV.jpg","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n","url":"/2014/08/18/building-decentralized-web"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Secret Sharing and Erasure Coding: A Guide for the Aspiring Dropbox Decentralizer","date":"2014-08-16T01:56:58+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOne of the more exciting applications of decentralized computing that have aroused a considerable amount of interest in the past year is the concept of an incentivized decentralized online file storage system. Currently, if you want your files or data securely backed up \"in the cloud\", you have three choices - (1) upload them to your own servers, (2) use a centralized service like Google Drive or Dropbox or (3) use an existing decentralized file system like Freenet. These approaches all have their own faults; the first has a high setup and maintenance cost, the second relies on a single trusted party and often involves heavy price markups, and the third is slow and very limited in the amount of space that it allows each","url":"/2014/08/16/secret-sharing-erasure-coding-guide-aspiring-dropbox-decentralizer"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Announcement on planned withdrawal from exodus","date":"2014-08-08T17:58:31+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nNow that the \u003ca href=\"/2014/08/08/ether-sale-a-statistical-overview/\"\u003efirst two weeks\u003c/a\u003e of the ether sale are over, and \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org\"\u003eover 50 million ETH\u003c/a\u003e has been sold, we intend to soon make a transaction to begin using the funds to repay loans and kickstart the process of setting up our development hubs and expanding our staff. We have made a commitment to be highly transparent about how we spend the funds, and that is a commitment that we intend to live up to; to that end, we have already released an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ethereum.org/pdfs/IntendedUseOfRevenue.pdf\"\u003eIntended Use of Revenue\u003c/a\u003e chart and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ethereum.org/pdfs/Ethereum-Roadmap.pdf\"\u003eroadmap\u003c/a\u003e to show how we intend to spend the BTC. More recently, the community has followed up with \u003ca href=\"http://cointelegraph.com/news/112234/what-is-ethereum-going-to-do-with-all-the-money-it-raised\"\u003ea wonderful infographic on CoinTelegraph\u003c/a\u003e using the information that we have","url":"/2014/08/08/announcement-on-planned-exodus-withdrawal"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ether Sale: A Statistical Overview","date":"2014-08-08T17:23:58+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe first two weeks of the ether sale are over, and we have to date received \u003ca href=\"https://blockchain.info/address/36PrZ1KHYMpqSyAQXSG8VwbUiq2EogxLo2\"\u003eover 25000 BTC\u003c/a\u003e from selling over 50 million ETH. This marks the largest cryptographic token sale to date, and with the two endowments places ETH as being the token with the \u003ca href=\"http://coinmarketcap.com/\"\u003e8th highest total value\u003c/a\u003e, even beating out the beloved Dogecoin at $17.3M USD vs $15.5M. A total of 6670 transactions have been made, with values ranging from the minimum 0.01 BTC to a high of 500 BTC, and purchases continue to come in every hour. Additionally, the ether sale marks the largest use of multisig to date; because of our sale, the \u003ca href=\"http://p2sh.info/p2sh-ratio\"\u003epercentage of all BTC stored in multisig\u003c/a\u003e has shot up from 0.23% to","url":"/2014/08/08/ether-sale-a-statistical-overview"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Programming Society with Asm: Gavin Wood at Assembly 2014","date":"2014-08-06T02:57:35+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/xO1AxsYAkU8?rel=0\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n","url":"/2014/08/06/programming-society-with-asm-gavin-wood-at-assembly-2014"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ether Purchase Troubleshooting","date":"2014-07-23T04:05:24+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nAlthough we hope that the ether purchasing experience goes smoothly for everyone, we recognize that there will always be situations where things do not quite go as planned. Perhaps your internet connection dies in the middle of your purchase. Perhaps you accidentally click a back button or some link or simply hit refresh while the purchase is in progress. Perhaps you forgot to download your wallet. Perhaps you think you may have forgotten your password, and
56you want to make sure you have it down correctly. For all of these situations, the user experience is unfortunately going to be a bit more tricky than simply downloading a web app; a bit of command line action with a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/pyethsaletool\"\u003ePython script\u003c/a\u003e will be required.\n\nFirst of all,","url":"/2014/07/23/ether-purchase-troubleshooting"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Launching the Ether Sale","date":"2014-07-22T22:00:44+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nFirst of all, I would like to thank the community, and especially those close to the project who have in many cases abandoned their jobs to dedicate their time to it, for their extreme patience regarding the launch of the ether sale. We have been promising that the sale would arise in two weeks for six months, and many team members have endured substantial hardships because of expectations that we set regarding when we would be able to provide funding. We certainly miscalculated the sheer difficulty of navigating the relevant legal processes in the United States and Switzerland, as well as the surprisingly intricate technical issues surrounding setting up a secure sale website and cold wallet system. However, the long wait is finally over, and","url":"/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum and Oracles","date":"2014-07-22T15:27:47+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the more popular proposals for implementing smart contracts differently from the way they are typically presented in Ethereum is through the concept of oracles. Essentially, instead of a long-running contract being run directly on the blockchain, all funds that are intended to go into the contract would instead go into an M-of-N multisig address controlled by a set of specialized entities called \"oracles\", and the contract code would be simultaneously sent to all of these entities. Every time someone wants to send a message to the contract, they would send the message to the oracles. The oracles would run the code, and if the code execution leads to a withdrawal from the contract to some particular address then the oracles circulate a transaction","url":"/2014/07/22/ethereum-and-oracles"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"the ethereum project: learning to dream with open minds","date":"2014-07-14T13:37:18+00:00","author":"Mihai Alisie","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003e âAnd those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music.â Friedrich Nietzsche\n\nEthereum as a project is more than just a technology, even if technology is at its core. In the rush of creating, co-creating and debugging everything you sometimes lose sight of the bigger picture. You need stop for a second, take a step back and observe in order to fully appreciate what's going on.\n\nThe project started as an idea in Vitalikâs mind. Ethereum, has now expanded into thous
56ands and thousands of other minds around the world, thanks to this interconnected digital mesh called Internet. A sea of minds brought together by the idea of a turing complete general purpose blockchain is creating, as youâre","url":"/2014/07/14/the-ethereum-project"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Toward a 12-second Block Time","date":"2014-07-11T15:52:25+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the annoyances of the blockchain as a decentralized platform is the sheer length of delay before a transaction gets finalized. One confirmation in the Bitcoin network takes ten minutes on average, but in reality due to statistical effects when one sends a transaction one can only expect a confirmation within ten minutes 63.2% of the time; 36.8% of the time it will take longer than ten minutes, 13.5% of the time longer than twenty minutes and 0.25% of the time longer than an hour. Because of fine technical points involving \u003ca href=\"https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3441.msg48384#msg48384\"\u003eFinney attacks\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://bitcoil.co.il/Doublespend.pdf\"\u003esub-50% double spends\u003c/a\u003e, for many use cases even one confirmation is not enough; gambling sites and exchanges often need to wait for three to six blocks to appear,","url":"/2014/07/11/toward-a-12-second-block-time"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Background on the mechanics of the ether pre-sale","date":"2014-07-09T08:16:56+00:00","author":"Taylor Gerring","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eDuring the run-up to the ether sale we will be releasing a series of blog posts regarding our development plans and intended organizational structure. Today we describe some of the background details of the ether sale module. Â The sale module will be displayed on our website at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ethereum.org/\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003ehttps://www.ethereum.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e for the duration of the sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is it?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p4\"\u003eThe ether sale is an HTML/JavaScript web application that enables people and organizations to pre-purchase ether tokens with bitcoin. Ether may be purchased by parties interested in using it in their development of distributed applications on the Ethereum platform or simply to pay for the use of applications on the platform once the genesis block is released. Â The application runs mostly inside the browser,","url":"/2014/07/09/how-to-make-a-purchase-in-the-ether-presale"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Stake","date":"2014-07-05T16:41:50+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe topic of mining centralization has been a very important one over the past few weeks. GHASH.io, the Bitcoin network's largest mining pool, has for the past month directed \u003ca href=\"https://blockchain.info/pools\"\u003eover 40%\u003c/a\u003e of the Bitcoin network's hashpower, and two weeks ago briefly spiked over 50%, theoretically giving it monopoly control over the Bitcoin network. Although miners quidkly left the pool and reduced its hashpower to 35%, it's clear that the problem is not solved. At the same time, ASICs threaten to further centralize the very production . One approach to solving the problem is the \u003ca href=\"/2014/06/19/mining/\"\u003eone I advocated in my previous post\u003c/a\u003e: create a mining algorithm that is guaranteed to remain CPU-friendly in the long term. Another, however, is to abolish mining entirely, and","url":"/2014/07/05/stake"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Advanced Contract Programming Example: SchellingCoin","date":"2014-06-30T11:48:37+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nWriting effective decentralized applications in Ethereum is at the same time easy and hard. The easy part we all know: rather than needing to create your own blockchain, manage complicated database code, deal with networking and NAT traversal, or any of the other complexities involving writing a peer-to-peer app from scratch, you can write code in a simple, high-level programming language like Serpent or Mutan (or LLL if you prefer mucking around a bit lower-level), with the simplicity of a toy scripting language but the power and security of a full blockchain backing it up. An entire implementation of a basic name registry can be done in two lines of code that encompass the essential logic of the program: \u003ccode\u003eif not contract.storage[msg.data[0]]: contract.storage[msg.data[0]] = msg.data[1]\u003c/code\u003e.","url":"/2014/06/30/advanced-contract-programming-example-schellingcoin"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Mining","date":"2014-06-19T21:57:10+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003ci\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecentralization, n.\u003c/em\u003e The security assumption that a nineteen year old in Hangzhou and someone who is maybe in the UK, and maybe not, have not yet decided to collude with each other.\u003c/i\u003e\n\nThere has been a large amount of ruckus in the past week about the issue of mining centralization in the Bitcoin network. We saw a single mining pool, GHash.io, amass over 45% hashpower for many hours, and at one point even grow to become 51% of the entire network. The entire front page of the Bitcoin reddit was ablaze in intense discussion and a rare clash of complacency and fear, miners quickly mobilized to take their hashpower off GHash, and surprisingly clever strategies were used in an attempt to bring back the balance between","url":"/2014/06/19/mining"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Project Update","date":"2014-06-05T09:39:47+00:00","author":"Joseph Lubin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nDevelopment of the Ethereum project has gone very well over the months since inception. Â The core activity â development of the softw
56are platform â is on track and many developers around the world are starting to build small, exploratory distributed applications on the platform, even though we are still not yet in alpha release.\n\nThe 5th installment of the proof of concept series will be released soon, though many community members download the developing source code, compile it and use it on a regular basis for their various activities.\n\nOther core activities include attention to legalities in different jurisdictions regarding the pre-sale, development and testing of the hot/cold wallet system, and development and testing of the sale web site. Â These are well on their way to completion.","url":"/2014/06/05/ethereum-project-update"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"What If Ethereum Lived on a Treap? Or, Blockchains Charging Rent","date":"2014-05-27T09:42:54+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nAlthough truly solving blockchain scalability fundamentally, that is to say figuring out a solution to the problem that every node must process every transaction, is a very hard problem, and all suggested solutions rely on either highly advanced cryptography or intricate multi-blockchain architectures, partial solutions that provide a constant-factor improvement over the way Bitcoin does things are actually quite easy to find. In Ethereum, for example, we have the concept of a separate state tree and transaction history, allowing miners to easily store only existing account states and not historical transaction outputs that are no longer relevant and thereby drastically reducing the amount of storage that would be required; if Bitcoin is any indication, savings should be around 90%. Another improvement is the use of","url":"/2014/05/27/what-if-ethereum-lived-on-a-treap-or-blockchains-charging-rent"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Long-Term Cryptocurrency Distribution Models","date":"2014-05-24T09:45:21+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOne of the challenges when creating a new cryptocurrency is figuring out what the distribution model is going to be. Who is going to receive the currency units, at what time, and what is the mechanism that decides? Despite the crucial importance of this question, there has actually been comparatively little thought into the issue compared with other aspects of currency, like consensus algorithms and feature sets. The question is particularly challenging because, just like many other problems in the cryptocurrency space that have parallels in the âreal worldâ at large, cryptocurrencies also face the requirement of decentralization: it is considered unacceptable to have a cryptographic platforms whose continued operation depends on the existence of any specific party in the long term. Given this rather","url":"/2014/05/24/on-long-term-cryptocurrency-distribution-models"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Long-Range Attacks: The Serious Problem With Adaptive Proof of Work","date":"2014-05-15T09:45:48+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOur current proof of work design, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Blockchain-based-Proof-of-Work\"\u003eblockchain-based proof of work\u003c/a\u003e, is the second iteration of our attempt to create a mining algorithm that is guaranteed to remain CPU-friendly and resistant to optimization by specialized hardware (ASICs) in the long term. Our first attempt, Dagger, tried to take the idea of memory-hard algorithms like Scrypt one step further by creating an algorithm which is memory-hard to compute, but memory-easy to verify, using directed acyclic graphs (basically, trees where each node has multiple parents). Our current strategy takes a much more rigorous track: make the proof of work involve executing random contracts from the blockchain. Because the Ethereum scripting language is Turing-complete, an ASIC that can execute Ethereum scripts is by definition an ASIC for general","url":"/2014/05/15/long-range-attacks-the-serious-problem-with-adaptive-proof-of-work"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Xbox and Ethereumâs Dual Mandate","date":"2014-05-15T09:40:18+00:00","author":"Joseph Lubin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n","url":"/2014/05/15/the-xbox-and-ethereums-dual-mandate"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"What is Ethereum? Project, Platform, Fuel, Stack.","date":"2014-05-14T09:46:51+00:00","author":"Joseph Lubin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n","url":"/2014/05/14/what-is-ethereum-project-platform-fuel-stack"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DAOs, DACs, DAs and More: An Incomplete Terminology Guide","date":"2014-05-06T09:49:11+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOne of the most popular topics in the digital consensus space (a new term for cryptocurrency 2.0 that Iâm beta-testing) is the concept of decentralized autonomous entities. There are now a number of groups rapidly getting involved in the space, including \u003ca href=\"http://bitshares.org/\"\u003eBitshares\u003c/a\u003e (also known as Invictus Innovations) developing âdecentralized autonomous companiesâ, BitAngelsâ David Johnston with \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/DavidJohnstonCEO/DecentralizedApplications\"\u003edecentralized applications\u003c/a\u003e, our own concept of \u003ca href=\"http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7050/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i/\"\u003edecentralized autonomous corporations\u003c/a\u003e which has since transformed into the much more general and not necessarily financial âdecentralized autonomous organizationsâ (DAOs); all in all, it is safe to say that âDAOismâ is well on its way to becoming a quasi-cyber-religion. However, one of the hidden problems lurking beneath the space is a rather blatant one: no one even knows what all of","url":"/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Serpent upgrades: More Fun Stuff","date":"2014-05-02T09:49:42+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOver the past two weeks our primary focus has been getting all of the clients updated to PoC5 compatibility, and it definitely has been a long road. Among the changes to the VM include:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe new init/code mechanism\u003c/b\u003e: basically, when you create a contract, the code provided will execute immediately, and then the return value of that code will be what becomes the contractâs code. This allows us to have contract initialization code, but still keep to the same format of [nonce, price, gas, to, value, data] for both transactions and contract creation, also making it easier to create new contracts via forwarding contracts\u003c/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eReordering transaction and contract data\u003c/b\u003e: the order is now [nonce, price, gas, to, value, data] in transactions and [gas, to, value, datain, datainsz,","url":"/2014/05/02/serpent-upgrades-more-fun-stuff"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Decentralized Protocol Monetization and Forks","date":"2014-04-30T09:56:24+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThe idea of releasing a new currency as a mechanism for funding protocol development is perhaps one of the most interesting economic innovations to come out of the cryptocurrency space. In the past twenty years, we have seen a growing centralization in the protocols that underlie the internet, with the rise of proprietary chat systems and s
56ocial networks like Facebook, and a large part of the reason for this trend has been the need for monetization; if Facebook was cryptographically secure and decentralized, the developers would have no way to make money by data mining their usersâ activities and taking a 30% cut of their internal currency, and so decentralized alternatives to Facebook have largely fizzled due to lack of institutional support and funding. With","url":"/2014/04/30/decentralized-protocol-monetization-and-forks"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Issuance Model in Ethereum","date":"2014-04-10T09:56:56+00:00","author":"Joseph Lubin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nEther (ETH), the cryptofuel that powers distributed applications on the Ethereum platform, will be issued at a constant annual linear rate via the block mining process. This rate is 0.3 times the total amount of ETH that will be purchased in the pre-sale.\n\nWhile the best metaphor for ETH is âfuel for running the contract processing engine,â for the purposes of this post, we will treat ETH purely as a currency.\n\nThere are two common definitions of âinflation.â Â The first relates to prices and the second relates to the total amount of money in a system â the monetary base or supply. Â Similarly for the term âdeflation.â Â In this post we will distinguish between âprice inflation,â the rise in the general price level of goods and services","url":"/2014/04/10/the-issuance-model-in-ethereum"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Pyethereum and Serpent Programming Guide","date":"2014-04-10T09:50:34+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003ci\u003eThe content of this tutorial is intended to apply to PoC5. Most of the instructions given below will not work in the older PoC4 implementations of AlethZero (C++) and Ethereal (Go)\u003c/i\u003e\n\nOver the last few weeks, we have made a large number of changes to the Ethereum protocol. POC4, introducing a large body of changes made by Gavin Wood and myself, was \u003ca href=\"/2014/03/20/the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system/\"\u003eannounced as an informal description\u003c/a\u003e two weeks ago, and has been formally specified in Gavin Woodâs âyellow paperâ at \u003ca href=\"http://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf\"\u003ehttp://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf\u003c/a\u003e. The protocol spec did change substantially, but at the same time things are solidifying; we know why we want transactions to pay fees instead of contracts, so thatâs not likely to change, we know that code and data will be separate, and","url":"/2014/04/10/pyethereum-and-serpent-programming-guide"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"SchellingCoin: A Minimal-Trust Universal Data Feed","date":"2014-03-28T10:03:37+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nOne of the main applications of Ethereum that people have been interested in is financial contracts and derivatives. Although financial derivatives have acquired a reputation as a highly risky and destabilizing device with the sole function of enriching speculators, the underlying concept in fact has a number of legitimate uses, some of which actually help people protect themselves against the volatility of financial markets.\n\nThe main idea here is called âhedgingâ, and is best explained in the context of Bitcoin, where ordinary businesses and individuals with no desire to take massive risks end up needing to deal with high volumes of a risky asset (BTC). Hedging works as follows. Suppose that Jane is a business owner who accepts Bitcoin for payments and uses it to pay","url":"/2014/03/28/schellingcoin-a-minimal-trust-universal-data-feed"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Latest EVM: âEthereum Is A Trust-Free Closure Systemâ","date":"2014-03-20T10:04:28+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nIn the past two weeks our lead C++ developer, Gavin Wood, and myself have been spending a lot of time meeting the local Ethereum community in San Francisco and Silicon Valley. We were very excited to see such a large amount of interest in our project, and the fact that after only two months we have a meetup group that comes together every week, just like the Bitcoin meetup, with over thirty peo
56ple attending each time. People in the community are taking it upon themselves to make educational videos, organize events and experiment with contracts, and one person is even independently starting to write an implementation of Ethereum in node.js. At the same time, however, we had the chance to take another look at the","url":"/2014/03/20/the-latest-evm-ethereum-is-a-trust-free-closure-system"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"The Question of Mining","date":"2014-03-20T10:00:56+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThere are a lot of interesting changes to the Ethereum protocol that are in the works, which will hopefully improve the power of the system, add further features such as light-client friendliness and a higher degree of extensibility, and make Ethereum contracts easier to code. Theoretically, none of these changes are necessary; the Ethereum protocol is fine as it stands today, and can theoretically be released as is once the clients are further built up somewhat; rather, the changes are there to make Ethereum better. However, there is one design objective of Ethereum where the light at the end of the tunnel is a bit further: mining decentralization. Although we always have the backup option of simply sticking with Dagger, \u003ca href=\"/2014/01/15/slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm/\"\u003eSlasher\u003c/a\u003e or SHA3, it","url":"/2014/03/20/the-question-of-mining"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DAOs Are Not Scary, Part 2: Reducing Barriers","date":"2014-03-01T10:05:22+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nIn the \u003ca href=\"http://bitcoinmagazine.com/10468/daos-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-factum-law/\"\u003elast installment of this series\u003c/a\u003e, we talked about what âsmart contractsâ (or, perhaps more accurately, âself-enforcing contractsâ) are, and discussed in detail the two main mechanisms through which these contracts can have âforceâ: smart property and âfactumâ currencies. We also discussed the limits of smart contracts, and how a smart contract-enabled legal system might use a combination of human judgement and automatic execution to achieve the best possible outcomes. But what is the point of these contracts? Why automate? Why is it better to have our relationships regulated and controlled by algorithms rather than humans? These are the tough questions that this article, and the next, intends to tackle.\n\n","url":"/2014/03/01/daos-are-not-scary-part-2-reducing-barriers"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"DAOs Are Not Scary, Part 1: Self-Enforcing Contracts And Factum Law","date":"2014-02-24T10:05:41+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/social-issues.jpg"},"content":"\nMany of the concepts that we promote over in \u003ca href=\"https://ethereum.org/\"\u003eEthereum land\u003c/a\u003e may seem incredibly futuristic, and perhaps even frightening, at times. We talk about so-called âsmart contractsâ that execute themselves without any need, or any opportunity, for human intervention or involvement, people forming Skynet-like âdecentralized autonomous organizationsâ that live entirely on the cloud and yet control powerful financial resources and can incentivize people to do very real things in the physical world, decentralized âmath-based lawâ, and a seemingly utopian quest to create some kind of fully trust-free society. To the uninformed user, and especially to those who have not even heard of plain old Bitcoin, it can be hard to see how these kinds of things are possible, and if they are why they","url":"/2014/02/24/daos-are-not-scary-part-1-self-enforcing-contracts-and-factum-law"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum Scalability and Decentralization Updates","date":"2014-02-18T10:06:42+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nScalability is now at the forefront of the technical discussion in the cryptocurrency scene. The Bitcoin blockchain is currently over 12 GB in size, requiring a period of several days for a new bitcoind node to fully synchronize, the UTXO set that must be stored in RAM is approaching 500 MB, and continued software improvements in the source code are simply not enough to alleviate the trend. With every passing year, it becomes more and more difficult for an ordinary user to locally run a fully functional Bitcoin node on their own desktop, and even as the price, merchant acceptance and popularity of Bitcoin has skyrocketed the number of full nodes in the network has essentially stayed the same since 2011. The 1 MB block","url":"/2014/02/18/ethereum-scalability-and-decentralization-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Important Statement regarding the Ether pre-sale","date":"2014-02-13T
5610:07:35+00:00","author":"Stephan Tual","category":"Organizational"},"content":"\nThe Ethereum Project has had the incredible privilege to launch its PoC testnet and engage the crypto-currency community over the past two months. During our experiences, weâve encountered a lot of passionate support and wonderful questions that have helped us refine our thoughts and goals including the process we will eventually use to sell ether. This said, we have not finalized the structure and format for the ether presale and thus we do not recommend, encourage, or endorse any attempt to sell, trade, or acquire ether.\n\nWe have recently become aware of peercover.com announcing a fundraising structure based in some way upon ether-\u003cb\u003e they are in no way associated with the Ethereum project, do not speak for it\u003c/b\u003e, and are, in our opinion, doing a disservice","url":"/2014/02/13/important-statement-regarding-the-ether-pre-sale"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Why Not Just Use X? An Instructive Example from Bitcoin","date":"2014-02-09T10:08:53+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nBitcoin developer Gregory Maxwell writes the following \u003ca href=\"http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/1x93tf/some_irc_chatter_about_what_is_going_on_at_mtgox/cf99yac\"\u003eon Reddit:\u003c/a\u003e\n\nThere is a design flaw in the Bitcoin protocol where its possible for a third party to take a valid transaction of yours and mutate it in a way which leaves it valid and functionally identical but with a different transaction ID. This greatly complicates writing correct wallet software, and it can be used abusively to invalidate long chains of unconfirmed transactions that depend on the non-mutant transaction (since transactions refer to each other by txid).\n\nThis issue arises from several sources, one of them being OpenSSLâs willingness to accept and make sense of signatures with invalid encodings. A normal ECDSA signature encodes two large integers, the encoding isnât constant lengthâ if there are leading zeros you","url":"/2014/02/09/why-not-just-use-x-an-instructive-example-from-bitcoin"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Cryptographic Code Obfuscation: Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Are About to Take a Huge Leap Forward","date":"2014-02-08T10:09:19+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/blackhole.jpg"},"content":"\nThere have been a number of very interesting developments in cryptography in the past few years. Satoshiâs blockchain notwithstanding, perhaps the first major breakthrough after blinding and zero-knowledge proofs is \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic_encryption#Fully_homomorphic_encryption\"\u003efully homomorphic encryption\u003c/a\u003e, a technology which allows you to upload your data onto a server in an encrypted form so that the server can then perform calculations on it and send you back the results all without having any idea what the data is. In 2013, we saw the beginnings of \u003ca href=\"http://www.scipr-lab.org/\"\u003esuccinct computational integrity and privacy\u003c/a\u003e (SCIP), a toolkit pioneered by Eli ben Sasson in Israel that lets you cryptographically prove that you carried out some computation and got a certain output. On the more mundane side, we now have \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_function\"\u003esponge functions\u003c/a\u003e,","url":"/2014/02/08/cryptographic-code-obfuscation-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-are-about-to-take-a-huge-leap-forward"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"More Thoughts on Scripting and Future-Compatibility","date":"2014-02-05T10:09:42+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/internet.jpg"},"content":"\nMy previous post introducing \u003ca href=\"/2014/02/03/introducing-ethereum-script-2-0/\"\u003eEthereum Script 2.0\u003c/a\u003e was met with a number of responses, some highly supportive, others suggesting that we switch to their own preferred stack-based / assembly-based / functional paradigm, and offering various specific criticisms that we are looking hard at. Perhaps the strongest criticism this time came from \u003ca href=\"http://bitslog.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/changes-in-ethereum-scripting-language/\"\u003eSergio Damian Lerner\u003c/a\u003e, Bitcoin security researcher, developer of QixCoin and to whom we are grateful for his \u003ca href=\"http://bitslog.wordpress.com/2014/01/17/ethereum-dagger-pow-is-flawed/\"\u003eanalysis of Dagger\u003c/a\u003e. Sergio particularly criticizes two aspects of the change: the fee system, which is changed from a simple one-variable design where everything is a fixed multiple of the BASEFEE, and the loss of the crypto opcodes.\n\nThe crypto opcodes are the more important part of Sergioâs argument, and I will handle that issue","url":"/2014/02/05/more-thoughts-on-scripting-and-future-compatibility"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Introducing Ethereum Script 2.0","date":"2014-02-03T10:00:19+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nThis post will provide the groundwork for a major rework of the Ethereum scripting language, which will substantially modify the way ES works although still keeping many of the core components working in the exact same way. The rework is necessary as a result of multiple concerns which have been raised about the way the language is currently designed, primarily in the areas of simplicity, optimization, efficiency and future-compatibility, although it does also have some side-benefits such as improved function support. This is not the last iteration of ES2; there will likely be many incremental structural improvements that can be made to the spec, but it does serve as a strong starting point.\n\nAs an important clarification, this rework will have little effect on the Ethereum","url":"/2014/02/03/introducing-ethereum-script-2-0"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"On Transaction Fees, And The Fallacy of Market-Based Solutions","date":"2014-02-01T10:10:48+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/minimi-family-min.jpg"},"content":"\nOf all the parts of the Ethereum protocol, aside from the mining function the fee structure is perhaps the least set in stone. The current values, with one crypto operation taking 20 base fees, a new transaction taking 100 base fees, etc, are little more than semi-educated guesses, and harder data on exactly how much computational power a database read, an arithmetic operation and a hash actually take will certainly give us much better estimates on what exactly the ratios between the different c
56omputational fees should be. The other part of the question, that of exactly how much the base fee should be, is even more difficult to figure out; we have still not decided whether we want to target a certain block size, a","url":"/2014/02/01/on-transaction-fees-and-the-fallacy-of-market-based-solutions"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Conference, Alpha Testnet and Ether Pre-sale Updates","date":"2014-01-29T10:11:26+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\n\u003cem\u003eImportant notice: any information from this post regarding the ether sale is highly outdated and probably inaccurate. Please only consult the latest blog posts and official materials at ethereum.org for information on the sale\u003c/em\u003e\n\nEthereum received an incredible response at the Miami Bitcoin Conference. We traveled there anticipating many technical questions as well as a philosophical discussion about the purpose of Ethereum; however, the overwhelming amount of interest and enthusiasm for the project was much larger than we had anticipated. Vitalikâs presentation was met with both a standing ovation and a question queue that took hours to address.\n\nBecause we intend on providing an equal opportunity to all those who want to be involved, and are reviewing the relevant logistical and regulatory issues for a token sale","url":"/2014/01/29/conference-alpha-testnet-and-ether-pre-sale-updates"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Ethereum: Now Going Public","date":"2014-01-23T10:12:18+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development"},"content":"\nI first wrote the initial draft of the Ethereum whitepaper on a cold day in San Francisco in November, as a culmination of months of thought and often frustrating work into an area that we have come to call âcryptocurrency 2.0â³ â in short, using the Bitcoin blockchain for more than just money. In the months leading up to the development of Ethereum, I had the privilege to work closely with several projects attempting to implement colored coins, smart property, and various types of decentralized exchange. At the time, I was excited by the sheer potential that these technologies could bring, as I was acutely aware that many of the major problems still plaguing the Bitcoin ecosystem, including fraudulent services, unreliable exchanges, and an often","url":"/2014/01/23/ethereum-now-going-public"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Slasher: A Punitive Proof-of-Stake Algorithm","date":"2014-01-15T10:12:56+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/slasher.jpg"},"content":"\n\u003ci\u003eThe purpose of this post is not to say that Ethereum will be using Slasher in place of Dagger as its main mining function. Rather, Slasher is a useful construct to have in our war chest in case proof of stake mining becomes substantially more popular or a compelling reason is provided to switch. Slasher may also benefit other cryptocurrencies that wish to exist independently of Ethereum. Special thanks to tacotime for some inspiration, and for Jack Walker for improvement suggestions.\u003c/i\u003e\n\nProof of stake mining has for a long time been a large area of interest to the cryptocurrency community. The first proof-of-stake based coin, PPCoin, was releasd by Sunny King in 2012, and has consistently remained among the top five alternative currencies \u003ca href=\"http://coinmarketcap.com/\"\u003eby monetary","url":"/2014/01/15/slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Bootstrapping a Decentralized Autonomous Corporation, Part 3: Identity Corp","date":"2013-12-31T22:00:24+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/anon.jpg"},"content":"\nIn the first two parts of this series, we talked about what the basic workings of a decentralized autonomous corporation might look like, and what kinds of challenges it might need to deal with to be effective. However, there is still one question that we have not answered: what might such corporations be useful for? Bitcoin developer Jeff Garzik \u003ca href=\"http://garzikrants.blogspot.ch/2013/01/storj-and-bitcoin-autonomous-agents.html\"\u003eonce suggested\u003c/a\u003e that one application migh be a sort of decentralized Dropbox, where users can upload their files to a resilient peer-to-peer network that would be incentivized to keep those files reliably backed up. But aside from this particular example, what other applications might there be? What are the industries where decentralized corporations will not simply be a gimiick, but will rather be able to","url":"/2013/12/31/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-3-identity-corp"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Bootstrapping An Autonomous Decentralized Corporation, Part 2: Interacting With the World","date":"2013-12-31T20:00:00+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/internet.jpg"},"content":"\nIn the \u003ca href=\"http://bitcoinmagazine.com/7050/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i/\"\u003efirst part of this series\u003c/a\u003e, we talked about how the internet allows us to create decentralized corporations, automatons that exist entirely as decentralized networks over the internet, carrying out the computations that keep them âaliveâ over thousands of servers. As it turns out, these networks can even maintain a Bitcoin balance, and send and receive transactions. These two capacities: the capacity to think, and the capacity to maintain capital, are in theory all that an economic agent needs to survive in the marketplace, provided that its thoughts and capital allow it to create sellable value fast enough to keep up with its own resource demands. In practice, however, one major challenge still remains: how to actually interact with the world around them.\n\n","url":"/2013/12/31/bootstrapping-an-autonomous-decentralized-corporation-part-2-interacting-with-the-world"},{"frontmatter":{"title":"Bootstrapping A Decentralized Autonomous Corporation: Part I","date":"2013-12-31T18:00:37+00:00","author":"Vitalik Buterin","category":"Research \u0026 Development","image":"/images/posts/blackhole.jpg"},"content":"\nCorporations, US presidential candidate Mitt Romney reminds us, are people. Whether or not you agree with the conclusions that his partisans draw from that claim, the statement certainly carries a large amount of truth. What is a corporation, after all, but a certain group of people working together under a set of specific rules? When a corporation owns property, what that really means is that there is a legal contract stating that the property can only be used for certain purposes under the control of those people who are currently its board of directors â a designation itself modifiable by a particular set of shareholder. If a corporation does something, itâs because its board of directors has agreed that it should be done. If a","url":"/2013/12/31/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i"}],"numberOfPostsInEnglish":61,"categoryURL":"ecosystem-support-program","locale":"en"},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/category/[categoryURL]","query":{"categoryURL":"ecosystem-support-program"},"buildId":"aHOBXZOIOI6NDxtltekps","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","ar","bn","cs","de","es","fr","hi","id","it","ja","ko","mr","ms","pl","pt-br","ru","sw","ta","te","th","tr","uk","ur","vi","zh","zh-tw"],"defaultLocale":"en","scriptLoader":[]}</script>
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