1// ===================================================================== 2// data-nutrients-aminos-antiox.js â 10 amino/fats + 12 antioxidants 3// Research from PubMed meta-analyses, RCTs, and authoritative reviews 4// ===================================================================== 5 6const NUTRIENTS_AMINOS_ANTIOX = [ 7 // =================================================================== 8 // AMINO ACIDS & ESSENTIAL FATS (10) 9 // =================================================================== 10 { 11 id: 'omega-3', 12 category: 'amino_fat', 13 rank: 1, 14 name_ko: 'ì¤ë©ê°-3 (EPA/DHA)', 15 name_en: 'Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)', 16 icon: 'ð', 17 brief_ko: 'ì¬íê´Â·ë·ì¼ì¦ì 3ë ì¡°ì ì â íë ì구ì ìë¨ìì ê°ì¥ ë¶ì¡±', 18 brief_en: 'Master regulator of cardiovascular, brain, and inflammation â most deficient nutrient in Western diet', 19 dose_ko: '2-4g/ì¼ (EPA+DHA í©ê³), ìì¬ì í¨ê»', 20 dose_en: '2-4 g/day (combined EPA+DHA), with meals', 21 benefits_ko: [ 22 'ì¤ì±ì§ë°© 25-30% ê°ì (ê³ ì©ë)', 23 'ì¬íê´ ì¬ë§ë¥ ê°ì (REDUCE-IT)', 24 'ì°ì¸ì¦ ê°ì (EPA â¥60% ë¹ì¨)', 25 'ë 기ë¥Â·ADHD·ì¹ë§¤ ìë°©', 26 'ê´ì ì¼ì¦Â·ë¥ë§í°ì¤ íµì¦ ìí', 27 'í©ë°ë³ì±Â·ìêµ¬ê±´ì¡°ì¦ ê°ì ' 28 ], 29 benefits_en: [ 30 'Triglyceride reduction 25-30% (high dose)', 31 'Reduced cardiovascular mortality (REDUCE-IT)', 32 'Improves depression (when EPA â¥60%)', 33 'Brain function, ADHD, dementia prevention', 34 'Reduces joint inflammation and rheumatic pain', 35 'Improves macular degeneration and dry eye' 36 ], 37 mechanism_ko: 'EPAë ì¹ì¼ì¦ì± AA(ìë¼í¤ëì°) ëì¬ë¥¼ ê²½ì ìµì íê³ , ë 졸ë¹Â·íë¡í í´ ê°ì íì¼ì¦ ì¤ì¬ì를 ìì±. DHAë ë íìì§ì 주ì ì§ë°©ì°ì¼ë¡ ìë ì¤ ì ì°ì±ê³¼ ì ê²½ì ë¬ì íì. ì¸í¬ë§ ì ëì±, ì´ì¨ì±ë 기ë¥, ì ì ì ë°í ì¡°ì .', 38 mechanism_en: 'EPA competitively inhibits arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and generates anti-inflammatory resolvins and protectins. DHA is the main fatty acid in brain gray matter, essential for synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. Regulates membrane fluidity, ion channel function, and gene expression.', 39 sources_ko: 'ì°ì´Â·ê³ ë±ì´Â·ì ì´ë¦¬ (주 2-3í), ë¤ê¸°ë¦, ìë§ì¨, í¸ë, í´ì¡°ë¥ ì¤ì¼ (ë¹ê±´)', 40 sources_en: 'Salmon, mackerel, sardines (2-3Ã/week), perilla oil, flaxseed, walnuts, algal oil (vegan)', 41 cautions_ko: 'ê³ ì©ëì ì¶í ìíâ (íìê³ ì ë³µì©ì 주ì). ìì 기ë¦ì ì°í¨ ë°©ì§ ìí´ ê°ë´ í ëì¥ë³´ê´. IFOS ì¸ì¦ ì í ê¶ì¥.', 42 cautions_en: 'High doses increase bleeding risk (caution with anticoagulants). Refrigerate after opening to prevent rancidity. IFOS-certified products recommended.', 43 research: [ 44 { 45 title_ko: 'Bhatt et al. (NEJM 2019) â REDUCE-IT: EPA 4gì¼ë¡ ì¬íê´ ì¬ê±´ 25% â', 46 title_en: 'Bhatt et al. (NEJM 2019) â REDUCE-IT trial: 4 g EPA reduced cardiovascular events by 25%', 47 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415628/' 48 }, 49 { 50 title_ko: 'Mocking et al. (Transl Psychiatry 2016) â ì¤ë©ê°-3 ì°ì¸ì¦ ë©íë¶ì', 51 title_en: 'Mocking et al. (Transl Psychiatry 2016) â Omega-3 depression meta-analysis', 52 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26978738/' 53 }, 54 { 55 title_ko: 'AbuMweis et al. (J Funct Foods 2018) â EPA/DHA ì¤ì±ì§ë°© í¨ê³¼ ë©í', 56 title_en: 'AbuMweis et al. (J Funct Foods 2018) â EPA/DHA triglyceride meta-analysis', 57 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AbuMweis+EPA+DHA+triglyceride+meta-analysis' 58 }, 59 { 60 title_ko: 'Calder (Biochimie 2009) â ì¤ë©ê°-3 íì¼ì¦ 기ì 리뷰', 61 title_en: 'Calder (Biochimie 2009) â Omega-3 anti-inflammatory mechanism review', 62 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19022319/' 63 } 64 ] 65 }, 66 { 67 id: 'phosphatidylcholine', 68 category: 'amino_fat', 69 rank: 2, 70 name_ko: 'í¬ì¤íí°ëì½ë¦° (PC)', 71 name_en: 'Phosphatidylcholine (PC)', 72 icon: 'ð§ ', 73 brief_ko: 'ì¸í¬ë§ì 주ì ì¸ì§ì§ â ê°Â·ë·기ìµì 구조ì 기ë°', 74 brief_en: 'Primary phospholipid of cell membranes â structural foundation of liver, brain, and memory',
75 dose_ko: '1.2-3g/ì¼ (ìì¬ì í¨ê»), ê° ì§íì ìµë 6g', 76 dose_en: '1.2-3 g/day with meals, up to 6 g for liver disease', 77 benefits_ko: [ 78 'ê° ì¸í¬ë§ 복구·ì§ë°©ê° ê°ì ', 79 '기ìµÂ·ì¸ì§ ê¸°ë¥ í¥ì (ìì¸í¸ì½ë¦° ì 구체)', 80 'ë´ì¦ ë¶ë¹Â·ì§ë°© ìí ì´ì§', 81 'ì¸í¬ë§ ì¬ì·íê´ ë´í¼ ë³´í¸', 82 'LDL ê°ì·HDL ì¦ê° (ë´ì¦ì° ê²°í©)', 83 'ìì½ì¬Â·ì½ë¬¼ì± ê°ìì ë³´í¸' 84 ], 85 benefits_en: [ 86 'Hepatocyte membrane repair and fatty liver improvement', 87 'Enhances memory and cognition (acetylcholine precursor)', 88 'Promotes bile secretion and fat digestion', 89 'Cell membrane regeneration and endothelial protection', 90 'Lowers LDL, raises HDL (bile acid binding)', 91 'Protects against alcohol and drug-induced liver injury' 92 ], 93 mechanism_ko: 'PCë 모ë ì¸í¬ë§ ì¸ì§ì§ì 40-50%를 ì°¨ì§íë©°, ì½ë¦°ê¸°ê° ìì¸í¸ì½ë¦° í©ì±ì ì¬ì©ë¨. ê°ìì VLDL 조립ì íìì ì´ì´ì ê²°íì ì§ë°©ê° ì ë°. Kennedy ê²½ë¡(CDP-ì½ë¦°)ë¡ í©ì±ëë©° S-ìë°ë ¸ì¤ë©í°ì¤ë(SAMe) ìì¡´ì±.', 94 mechanism_en: 'PC constitutes 40-50% of all cell membrane phospholipids; the choline headgroup serves as acetylcholine precursor. Essential for hepatic VLDL assembly â deficiency causes fatty liver. Synthesized via the Kennedy pathway (CDP-choline) and SAMe-dependent PEMT pathway.', 95 sources_ko: 'ê³ë ë ¸ë¥¸ì (ìµê³ ), ëë ë ìí´, ì ê°, ë° ë°°ì, í´ë°ë¼ê¸°ì¨', 96 sources_en: 'Egg yolk (highest), soy lecithin, beef liver, wheat germ, sunflower seeds', 97 cautions_ko: 'ëë ìì·¨ì ìì ë¹ë¦°ë´Â·ë ëì (í¸ë¦¬ë©í¸ì민 ëì¬). TMAO ì¦ê° ì°ë ¤ë¡ ì¬íê´ ê³ ìíêµ°ì ì ì¤í.', 98 cautions_en: 'High doses may cause fishy body odor (trimethylamine metabolism). Caution in high-cardiovascular-risk patients due to potential TMAO increase.', 99 research: [ 100 { 101 title_ko: 'Gundermann et al. (Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2016) â PC ì§ë°©ê° ê°ì RCT', 102 title_en: 'Gundermann et al. (Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2016) â PC for fatty liver RCT review', 103 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27785083/' 104 }, 105 { 106 title_ko: 'Zeisel & da Costa (Nutr Rev 2009) â ì½ë¦° íìììì 리뷰', 107 title_en: 'Zeisel & da Costa (Nutr Rev 2009) â Choline essential nutrient review', 108 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19906248/' 109 }, 110 { 111 title_ko: 'Küllenberg et al. (Lipids Health Dis 2012) â PC ì¹ë£ì ìì© ë¦¬ë·°', 112 title_en: 'Küllenberg et al. (Lipids Health Dis 2012) â Phosphatidylcholine therapeutic applications', 113 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22221489/' 114 } 115 ] 116 }, 117 { 118 id: 'l-glutamine', 119 category: 'amino_fat', 120 rank: 3, 121 name_ko: 'L-ê¸ë£¨í민', 122 name_en: 'L-Glutamine', 123 icon: 'ð¡ï¸', 124 brief_ko: 'ì¥ì ë§Â·ë©´ìì¸í¬ì 주ì°ë£ â ì¥ëì·ìì¥ê´ íë³µì íµì¬', 125 brief_en: 'Primary fuel for enterocytes and immune cells â key for leaky gut and GI recovery', 126 dose_ko: '5-10g/ì¼ (공복 ëë ìê°), ì¤í·ì¥ëìì 20-30g', 127 dose_en: '5-10 g/day (fasted or between meals), up to 20-30 g for critical illness or leaky gut', 128 benefits_ko: [ 129 'ì¥ì ë§ barrier 복구 (tight junction ê°í)', 130 'ë©´ìì¸í¬(림í구·ëìì¸í¬) ìëì§ ê³µê¸', 131 'ê·¼ì¡ ë¶í´ ë°©ì§ (ì¤í·ìì í)', 132 'ê³¼ë¯¼ì± ëì¥Â·í¬ë¡ ë³ ì¦ì ìí', 133 'íì íí·방ì¬ì ì ë§ì¼ ê°ì', 134 'ìì½ì¬Â·NSAID ìì¥ê´ ìì ë³´í¸' 135 ], 136 benefits_en: [ 137 'Restores intestinal mucosal barrier (tight junction integrity)', 138 'Energy substrate for lymphocytes and macrophages', 139 'Prevents muscle catabolism (critical illness, post-surgery)', 140 'Relieves IBS and Crohn\'s disease symptoms', 141 'Reduces chemotherapy and radiation mucositis', 142 'Protects against alcohol- and NSAID-induced GI injury' 143 ], 144 mechanism_ko: 'ì¥ì¸í¬ê° ê°ì¥ ì í¸íë ì°ë£ë¡, ë¶ì´ ì¤ì¸ ì¸í¬(ì¥ ìí¼, ë©´ìì¸í¬)ì íì ìë¯¸ë ¸ì°ì´ ë¨(ì¡°ê±´ë¶ íì). ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ í©ì±ì ì§ì ê³µì¬ì²´, ëìì GABA·ê¸ë£¨íì° ì 구체. NF-κB ìµì ë¡ ì¼ì¦ ì¡°ì .', 145 mechanism_en: 'Preferred fuel of enterocytes and rapidly dividing cells (gut epithelium, immune cells) â becomes conditionally essential during stress. Nitrogen donor for glutathione synthesis and precursor for brain GABA/glutamate. Inhibits NF-κB to modulate inflammation.', 146 sources_ko: 'ì·ëê°ì´ì´Â·ê³ë·ì ì²ë¨ë°±, ìê¸ì¹Â·ìë°°ì¶, ë°í¨ 콩(ë«í )', 147 sources_en: 'Beef, chicken breast, eggs, whey protein, spinach, cabbage, fermented soy (natto)', 148 cautions_ko: 'ê°ê²½ë³Â·ì ë¶ì ì ì모ëì ì¶ì ìí. ì íììì ì¢ ì ì±ì¥ ì°ë ¤ ìì´ ì ë¬¸ê° ìë´ íì.', 149 cautions_en: 'Risk of ammonia accumulation in cirrhosis and renal failure. Consult specialist in cancer patients due to theoretical tumor-growth concerns.', 150 research: [ 151 { 152 title_ko: 'Kim & Kim (Nutrients 2017) â ê¸ë£¨í민과 ì¥ë²½ ê¸°ë¥ ë¦¬ë·°', 153 title_en: 'Kim & Kim (Nutrients 2017) â Glutamine and intestinal barrier function', 154 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28885279/' 155 }, 156 { 157 title_ko: 'Zhou et al. (Gut 2019) â ê¸ë£¨í민 IBS RCT', 158 title_en: 'Zhou et al. (Gut 2019) â Glutamine for post-infectious IBS RCT', 159 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30108163/' 160 }, 161 { 162 title_ko: 'Wischmeyer (Curr Opin Clin Nutr 2008) â ì¤íì ê¸ë£¨í민 리뷰', 163 title_en: 'Wischmeyer (Curr Opin Clin Nutr 2008) â Glutamine in critical illness review', 164 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18090651/' 165 } 166 ] 167 }, 168 { 169 id: 'glycine', 170 category: 'amino_fat', 171 rank: 4, 172 name_ko: 'ê¸ë¦¬ì ', 173 name_en: 'Glycine', 174 icon: 'ð´', 175 brief_ko: 'ê°ì¥ ë¨ìíì§ë§ ê°ë ¥í ìë¯¸ë ¸ì° â ì면·ì½ë¼ê²Â·í´ë ì ë¤ëª©ì ììì', 176 brief_en: 'Simplest yet powerful amino acid â multitasking nutrient for sleep, c
176ollagen, and detoxification', 177 dose_ko: '3g 취침 30ë¶ ì (ìë©´), 10-15g ë¶í (ì½ë¼ê²Â·í´ë )', 178 dose_en: '3 g 30 min before bed (sleep), 10-15 g in divided doses (collagen/detox)', 179 benefits_ko: [ 180 'ìë©´ì ì§ ê°ì ·ì¬ë¶ì²´ì¨ ê°ì', 181 'ì½ë¼ê² í©ì± 주ì ì¬ë£ (í¼ë¶Â·ê´ì ·íê´)', 182 'ê° Phase II í´ë (ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ í©ì±)', 183 'ë´ì¦ì° ê²°í©Â·ì½ë ì¤í 롤 ë°°ì¶', 184 'ìµì ì± ì ê²½ì ë¬ë¬¼ì§ (ì²ì·ëê°)', 185 'íë¹ ì¡°ì ·ì¸ì린 민ê°ë ê°ì ' 186 ], 187 benefits_en: [ 188 'Improves sleep quality and lowers core body temperature', 189 'Key substrate for collagen synthesis (skin, joints, vessels)', 190 'Supports Phase II hepatic detoxification (glutathione synthesis)', 191 'Bile acid conjugation and cholesterol excretion', 192 'Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord and brainstem', 193 'Improves glucose control and insulin sensitivity' 194 ], 195 mechanism_ko: 'ì½ë¼ê² ìë¯¸ë ¸ì°ì 1/3ì ì°¨ì§(Gly-X-Y ë°ë³µ). ìë©´ì NMDA ìì©ì²´ìì ê¸ë£¨íì°ê³¼ ê³µëìì©ì¼ë¡ ì¬ë¶ì²´ì¨ì ë®ì¶¤. ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨Â·í¬ë ìí´Â·í´Â·í¨ë¦° í©ì± ì 구체. ë´ì¦ì°ê³¼ ê²°í©í´ ë°°ì¤ ì´ì§.', 196 mechanism_en: 'Comprises one-third of collagen amino acids (Gly-X-Y repeat). Co-agonist at NMDA receptors, lowers core body temperature to promote sleep. Precursor for glutathione, creatine, heme, and purines. Conjugates bile acids to enhance excretion.', 197 sources_ko: 'ì¬ê³¨êµÂ·ëê»ì§Â·ì ¤ë¼í´Â·ë¼ì§ê»ì§, ë¼ì§¸ 먹ë ìì , ì½ë¼ê² í©íì´ë', 198 sources_en: 'Bone broth, chicken skin, gelatin, pork rind, small whole fish, collagen peptides', 199 cautions_ko: 'ì¼ë°ì ì¼ë¡ ë§¤ì° ìì . í´ë¡ìí ë³µì©ì ìí¸ìì© ê°ë¥. ê·¹ê³ ì©ë(>45g)ìì ìì¥ ë¶í¸.', 200 cautions_en: 'Generally very safe. Possible interaction with clozapine. GI upset at extreme doses (>45 g).', 201 research: [ 202 { 203 title_ko: 'Yamadera et al. (Sleep Biol Rhythms 2007) â ê¸ë¦¬ì ìë©´ RCT', 204 title_en: 'Yamadera et al. (Sleep Biol Rhythms 2007) â Glycine improves sleep quality RCT', 205 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yamadera+glycine+sleep+quality' 206 }, 207 { 208 title_ko: 'Meléndez-Hevia et al. (J Biosci 2009) â ê¸ë¦¬ì ì½ë¼ê² íìë ê³ì°', 209 title_en: 'Meléndez-Hevia et al. (J Biosci 2009) â Glycine requirement for collagen synthesis', 210 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20093739/' 211 }, 212 { 213 title_ko: 'Gannon et al. (Metabolism 2002) â ê¸ë¦¬ì íë¹ ë°ì', 214 title_en: 'Gannon et al. (Metabolism 2002) â Glycine enhances insulin response', 215 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11887162/' 216 } 217 ] 218 }, 219 { 220 id: 'l-lysine', 221 category: 'amino_fat', 222 rank: 5, 223 name_ko: 'L-ë¼ì´ì ', 224 name_en: 'L-Lysine', 225 icon: 'ð', 226 brief_ko: 'íì ìë¯¸ë ¸ì° â ì½ë¼ê²Â·ë¨ìí¬ì§Â·ë©´ìì ë¤ì¤ ìí ', 227 brief_en: 'Essential amino acid â dual role in collagen, herpes simplex, and immunity', 228 dose_ko: '1-3g/ì¼ ì ì§, ë¨ìí¬ì§ ê¸ì±ê¸° 3-9g', 229 dose_en: '1-3 g/day maintenance, 3-9 g during herpes outbreak', 230 benefits_ko: [ 231 'ë¨ìí¬ì§(HSV) ì¬ë° ê°ì (ì르기ë ê²½ì)', 232 'ì½ë¼ê² êµì°¨ê²°í© (íì´ëë¡ìë¼ì´ì )', 233 'ì¹¼ì í¡ìÂ·ë¼ ê±´ê° ê°ì ', 234 '카르ëí´ í©ì± ì 구체 (ì§ë°© ëì¬)', 235 'ì±ì¥Â·ê·¼ì¡ íë³µ (mTOR ìê·¹)', 236 'ë¶ì·ì¤í¸ë ì¤ ê°ì (ì¸ë¡í ë ì¡°ì )' 237 ], 238 benefits_en: [ 239 'Reduces herpes simplex recurrence (competes with arginine)', 240 'Collagen crosslinking (hydroxylysine)', 241 'Enhances calcium absorption and bone health', 242 'Precursor for carnitine synthesis (fat metabolism)', 243 'Stimulates growth and muscle recovery (mTOR activation)', 244 'Reduces anxiety and stress (serotonin modulation)' 245 ], 246 mechanism_ko: 'HSV ë³µì ì íìí ì르기ëê³¼ ì¸í¬ í¡ì·tRNA ê²°í©ì ê²½ì. ì½ë¼ê²ì êµì°¨ê²°í©ì íìë¡ ë¼ì´ì¤ ì¥ìë¤ìì (구리 ìì¡´)ì ìí´ ìë°íëí. ì¸ë¡í ë 5-HT4 ìì©ì²´ 길íì¼ë¡ ì¤í¸ë ì¤ì± ì¤ì¬Â·ë¶ì
246 ê°ì.', 247 mechanism_en: 'Competes with arginine for cellular uptake and tRNA charging, inhibiting HSV replication. Essential for collagen crosslinking via copper-dependent lysyl oxidase. Acts as serotonin 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, reducing stress-related diarrhea and anxiety.', 248 sources_ko: 'ì·ë·ìì ·ê³ë·ì ì í, 콩·ë í¸Â·í´ë ¸ì (곡ë¥ë ë¶ì¡±)', 249 sources_en: 'Beef, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, lentils, quinoa (grains are lysine-poor)', 250 cautions_ko: 'ì ê¸°ë¥ ì íìë ê³ ì©ë í¼í ê². 구ì°ì° ì¹¼ìê³¼ ê°ì´ ë³µì©ì í¡ìâ. ê·¹ê³ ì©ëìì ë´ì ìí ì´ë¡ ì .', 251 cautions_en: 'Avoid high doses in renal impairment. Absorption improved with calcium citrate. Theoretical gallstone risk at extreme doses.', 252 research: [ 253 { 254 title_ko: 'Griffith et al. (Dermatologica 1987) â ë¼ì´ì HSV ìë°© RCT', 255 title_en: 'Griffith et al. (Dermatologica 1987) â Lysine for herpes simplex prophylaxis', 256 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3115841/' 257 }, 258 { 259 title_ko: 'Smriga et al. (PNAS 2004) â ë¼ì´ì ì¤í¸ë ì¤Â·ë¶ì RCT', 260 title_en: 'Smriga et al. (PNAS 2004) â Lysine fortification reduces anxiety', 261 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15159538/' 262 }, 263 { 264 title_ko: 'Civitelli et al. (Nutrition 1992) â ë¼ì´ì ê³¼ ì¹¼ì í¡ì', 265 title_en: 'Civitelli et al. (Nutrition 1992) â Lysine and calcium absorption', 266 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1486246/' 267 } 268 ] 269 }, 270 { 271 id: 'taurine', 272 category: 'amino_fat', 273 rank: 6, 274 name_ko: 'íì°ë¦°', 275 name_en: 'Taurine', 276 icon: 'â¤ï¸', 277 brief_ko: 'ì¬ì¥Â·ê°Â·ëì ì¡°ê±´ë¶ íì ìë¯¸ë ¸ì° â ìµê·¼ ì¥ì ì°êµ¬ì ì¤í', 278 brief_en: 'Conditionally essential amino acid for heart, liver, and eyes â recent star of longevity research', 279 dose_ko: '1-3g/ì¼ (ìì¬ì í¨ê»), ì¬ë¶ì ì 3-6g', 280 dose_en: '1-3 g/day with meals, 3-6 g for heart failure', 281 benefits_ko: [ 282 'ì¬ë¶ì ·ì¬ê·¼ ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì (Azuma ì°êµ¬)', 283 'íì ê°í·ëë§¥ íë ¥ì± ì¦ê°', 284 'ë´ì¦ì° ê²°í©Â·ì§ë°© ìí', 285 'ë§ë§Â·ìë ¥ ë³´í¸ (ê°ìì¸í¬)', 286 'ì¸ì린 민ê°ë·íë¹ ì¡°ì ', 287 'ë ¸í ì§ì° (Cell 2023 Singh ì°êµ¬)' 288 ], 289 benefits_en: [ 290 'Improves heart failure and myocardial function (Azuma trials)', 291 'Lowers blood pressure and improves arterial elasticity', 292 'Bile acid conjugation and fat digestion', 293 'Retinal and visual protection (rod cells)', 294 'Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose control', 295 'Delays aging (Cell 2023 Singh study in mice/primates)'
296 ], 297 mechanism_ko: 'ê°ì¥ íë¶í ì 리 ìë¯¸ë ¸ì°(íì¥Â·ë§ë§Â·ì¬ê·¼). ë§ ìì í, Ca²⺠íìì± ì¡°ì , ì¼í¬ì ì¡°ì , íì°í. ë´ì¦ì°ê³¼ ê²°í©í´ (taurocholate) ì§ë°© ìí ì´ì§. GABA ì ì¬ ìµì ì± ìì©ì¼ë¡ ì 경보í¸.', 298 mechanism_en: 'Most abundant free amino acid in plasma, retina, and myocardium. Membrane stabilization, calcium homeostasis, osmoregulation, and antioxidant effects. Conjugates with bile acids (taurocholate) for fat digestion. GABA-like inhibitory action provides neuroprotection.', 299 sources_ko: 'ì¡°ê°Â·ì¤ì§ì´Â·ë¬¸ì´Â·ê°ë¦¬ë¹ (í´ì°ë¬¼), ìê³ ê¸°Â·ëë¤ë¦¬, 모ì (ë¶ì ì 첨ê°)', 300 sources_en: 'Shellfish, squid, octopus, scallops, beef, chicken thigh, breast milk (added to formula)', 301 cautions_ko: 'ì¼ë°ì ì¼ë¡ ë§¤ì° ìì . ê°ì§ íììì ê³ ì©ëì 주ì. ìëì§ ëë§í¬ì ì¤ë³µ ìì·¨ í¼í ê².', 302 cautions_en: 'Generally very safe. Caution at high doses in epilepsy. Avoid concurrent use with energy drinks.', 303 research: [ 304 { 305 title_ko: 'Singh et al. (Science 2023) â íì°ë¦° ê²°íì´ ë ¸íì ëì¸', 306 title_en: 'Singh et al. (Science 2023) â Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging', 307 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37289866/' 308 }, 309 { 310 title_ko: 'Azuma et al. (Clin Cardiol 1985) â íì°ë¦° ì¬ë¶ì RCT', 311 title_en: 'Azuma et al. (Clin Cardiol 1985) â Taurine in congestive heart failure', 312 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3905075/' 313 }, 314 { 315 title_ko: 'Militante & Lombardini (Nutr Res 2002) â íì°ë¦° ë§ë§ 리뷰', 316 title_en: 'Militante & Lombardini (Nutr Res 2002) â Taurine in retinal function', 317 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Militante+Lombardini+taurine+retina' 318 }, 319 { 320 title_ko: 'Waldron et al. (Sports Med 2018) â íì°ë¦° ì´ë ë¥ë ¥ ë©í', 321 title_en: 'Waldron et al. (Sports Med 2018) â Taurine and exercise performance meta-analysis', 322 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29546641/' 323 } 324 ] 325 }, 326 { 327 id: 'arginine-citrulline', 328 category: 'amino_fat', 329 rank: 7, 330 name_ko: 'L-ì르기ë / L-ìí¸ë£°ë¦°', 331 name_en: 'L-Arginine / L-Citrulline', 332 icon: 'ð¨', 333 brief_ko: 'ì°íì§ì(NO)ì ì§ì ì 구체 â íê´ íì¥Â·íë¥Â·ì± 기ë¥ì í¤', 334 brief_en: 'Direct nitric oxide precursor â key for vasodilation, blood flow, and sexual function', 335 dose_ko: 'ì르기ë 3-6g, ìí¸ë£°ë¦° 6-8g (공복 1ìê° ì )', 336 dose_en: 'Arginine 3-6 g, citrulline 6-8 g (1 h before activity, fasted)', 337 benefits_ko: [ 338 'íê´ íì¥Â·íì ê°í (eNOS ìê·¹)', 339 'ë°ê¸°ë¶ì ê°ì (5g/ì¼ ì´ì)', 340 'ì´ë ì§êµ¬ë ¥Â·ê·¼ì¡ íí í¥ì', 341 'ìì² ì¹ì ·ì½ë¼ê² í©ì± (arginase)', 342 'ì±ì¥í¸ë¥´ëª¬ ë¶ë¹ ì´ì§', 343 'ì모ëì í´ë (ìì íë¡)' 344 ], 345 benefits_en: [ 346 'Vasodilation and BP reduction (eNOS stimulation)', 347 'Improves erectile dysfunction (â¥5 g/day)', 348 'Enhances exercise endurance and muscle pump', 349 'Supports wound healing and collagen synthesis (via arginase)', 350 'Stimulates growth hormone release', 351 'Detoxifies ammonia via urea cycle' 352 ], 353 mechanism_ko: 'ë´í¼ NO í©ì±í¨ì(eNOS)ì 기ì§ë¡ NO ìì± â íê´ íì¥. ìí¸ë£°ë¦°ì ìì¥Â·ê° íµê³¼ë¥¼ ì°íí´ ìì²´ì´ì©ë¥ ì´ ë ëì(ìí¸ë£°ë¦°âì르기ë ì í). ììíë¡ìì ì모ëì í´ë ì íµì¬. ì르기ëì ì ìí´ ì¤ë¥´ëí´âí롤린âì½ë¼ê²ì¼ë¡ ëì¬.', 354 mechanism_en: 'Substrate for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) â NO production â vasodilation. Citrulline bypasses first-pass intestinal/hepatic metabolism, giving higher bioavailability (citrulline â arginine conversion). Central to urea cycle ammonia detoxification. Metabolized via arginase to ornithine â proline â collagen.', 355 sources_ko: 'ìë° (ìí¸ë£°ë¦° ìµê³ ), 견과ë¥, ì¨ì, 콩, ì¡ë¥, í´ì°ë¬¼', 356 sources_en: 'Watermelon (highest in citrulline), nuts, seeds, legumes, meat, seafood', 357 cautions_ko: 'ë¨ìí¬ì§ íì±ê¸°ìë í¼í ê² (ë¼ì´ì ê³¼ ë°ë). ì¬ê·¼ê²½ì ì§í ê³ ì©ë ì르기ëì ì¬ë§ë¥ â ê°ë¥ (VINTAGE MI). ìí¸ë£°ë¦°ì´ ë ìì íê³ í¨ê³¼ì .', 358 cautions_en: 'Avoid during active herpes (opposite of lysine). High-dose arginine post-MI may increase mortality (VINTAGE MI). Citrulline is safer and more effective.', 359 research: [ 360 { 361 title_ko: 'Figueroa et al. (Nutr Res 2017) â ìí¸ë£°ë¦° íì ë©í', 362 title_en: 'Figueroa et al. (Nutr Res 2017) â Citrulline and blood pressure meta-analysis', 363 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Figueroa+citrulline+blood+pressure+meta-analysis' 364 }, 365 { 366 title_ko: 'Rhim et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020) â ìí¸ë£°ë¦° ì´ë ìí ë©í', 367 title_en: 'Rhim et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020) â Citrulline and exercise performance meta-analysis', 368 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32448343/' 369 }, 370 {
371 title_ko: 'Schulman et al. (JAMA 2006) â VINTAGE MI: ì¬ê·¼ê²½ì í ì르기ë 주ì', 372 title_en: 'Schulman et al. (JAMA 2006) â VINTAGE MI: caution with arginine post-MI', 373 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16403928/' 374 } 375 ] 376 }, 377 { 378 id: 'bcaa', 379 category: 'amino_fat', 380 rank: 8, 381 name_ko: 'BCAA (ë¥ì ·ì´ìë¥ì ·ë°ë¦°)', 382 name_en: 'BCAAs (Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine)', 383 icon: 'ðª', 384 brief_ko: 'ê·¼ì¡ ë¨ë°± í©ì± ì§ì ìê·¹ â ë¥ì ì´ mTOR ì¤ìì¹', 385 brief_en: 'Direct stimulators of muscle protein synthesis â leucine flips the mTOR switch', 386 dose_ko: '5-10g ì´ë ì í, 2:1:1 ë¹ì¨ (ë¥ì ì°ì )', 387 dose_en: '5-10 g pre/post-workout, 2:1:1 ratio (leucine dominant)', 388 benefits_ko: [ 389 'ê·¼ë¨ë°± í©ì± ìê·¹ (ë¥ì 2.5-3g ìì¹)', 390 'ì´ë ì¤ ê·¼í¼ë¡ ê°ì·ì§êµ¬ë ¥â', 391 'ê°ì§í ê·¼ê°ìì¦ ê°ì (ê°ì±ëì¦)', 392 'ë¤ì´ì´í¸ ì ê·¼ìì¤ ë°©ì§', 393 'ì¤ì¶ í¼ë¡ ê°ì (ì¸ë¡í ë ê²½ì)', 394 'íë¹ ì¡°ì ë³´ì¡° (ì¸ì린 ì ì¬ í¨ê³¼)' 395 ], 396 benefits_en: [ 397 'Stimulates muscle protein synthesis (leucine threshold 2.5-3 g)', 398 'Reduces exercise fatigue and improves endurance', 399 'Improves sarcopenia in liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy)', 400 'Prevents muscle loss during caloric restriction', 401 'Reduces central fatigue (competes with serotonin precursor)', 402 'Adjunct for glucose control (insulin-like effect)' 403 ], 404 mechanism_ko: 'ë¥ì ì mTORC1 ê²½ë¡ë¥¼ ì§ì íì±í(Sestrin2-GATOR2 í´ë¦¬)íì¬ ë¨ë°± í©ì± ì í¸ ìì. ê·¼ì¡ìì ì§ì ëì¬ëë ì ì¼í ìë¯¸ë ¸ì°(ê° ì°í). ì´ë ì¤ í¸ë¦½í íê³¼ BBB ìì¡ì²´ ê²½ìì¼ë¡ ì¸ë¡í ëì± í¼ë¡ ê°ì.', 405 mechanism_en: 'Leucine directly activates mTORC1 (via Sestrin2-GATOR2 dissociation), initiating protein synthesis signaling. The only amino acids metabolized directly in muscle, bypassing the liver. During exercise, BCAAs compete with tryptophan for BBB transport, reducing serotonergic central fatigue.', 406 sources_ko: 'ì ì²ë¨ë°±Â·ì¹´ì ì¸ (ìµê³ ), ì·ë·ê³ë·ì°ì´Â·ì ì í, 콩·ë í¸ (ì¼ë¶)', 407 sources_en: 'Whey and casein protein (highest), beef, chicken, eggs, salmon, dairy, beans, lentils', 408 cautions_ko: 'ALS·í¬ê· ëì¬ì§í(MSUD) ê¸ê¸°. ë¨ë BCAAë³´ë¤ ìì ë¨ë°±(ì ì²Â·EAA)ì´ ë í¨ê³¼ì . ì¸ì린ì íì± ì í ì°ë ¤ ìì.', 409 cautions_en: 'Contraindicated in ALS and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Complete protein (whey, EAAs) often more effective than BCAAs alone. Possible worsening of insulin resistance with chronic high intake.', 410 research: [ 411 { 412 title_ko: 'Jackman et al. (Front Physiol 2017) â BCAA ê·¼ë¨ë°± í©ì± RCT', 413 title_en: 'Jackman et al. (Front Physiol 2017) â BCAA ingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis', 414 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28638350/' 415 }, 416 { 417 title_ko: 'Marchesini et al. (Gastroenterology 2003) â BCAA ê°ê²½ë³ RCT', 418 title_en: 'Marchesini et al. (Gastroenterology 2003) â BCAAs in advanced cirrhosis', 419 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12891555/' 420 }, 421 { 422 title_ko: 'Wolfe (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017) â BCAA ê·¼ì±ì¥ ë¹íì 리뷰', 423 title_en: 'Wolfe (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017) â BCAAs critical review for muscle growth', 424 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852372/' 425 } 426 ] 427 }, 428 { 429 id: 'creatine', 430 category: 'amino_fat', 431 rank: 9, 432 name_ko: 'í¬ë ìí´ ëª¨ë ¸íì´ëë ì´í¸', 433 name_en: 'Creatine Monohydrate', 434 icon: 'â¡', 435 brief_ko: 'ê°ì¥ ë§ì´ ì°êµ¬ë ë³´ì¶©ì â ê·¼ë ¥Â·ëÂ·ë ¸ì¸ ê·¼ê°ìì¦ì ë¤ì¬ë¤ë¥', 436 brief_en: 'Most researched supplement â versatile for strength, brain, and elderly sarcopenia', 437 dose_ko: '3-5g/ì¼ (ë¡ë© ë¶íì), ë ¸ì¸Â·ë ê±´ê°ì 5-10g', 438 dose_en: '3-5 g/day (loading unnecessary), 5-10 g for elderly and cognitive benefit', 439 benefits_ko: [ 440 'ê·¼ë ¥Â·íì·ì´ëë¥ë ¥ 5-15% ì¦ê°', 441 'ê·¼ì¡ë ì¦ê° (ì²´ìë¶ ì¦ê° í¬í¨)', 442 'ë ATP·ì¸ì§ ê¸°ë¥ (ì±ì주ììì ëë ·)', 443 'ë ¸ì¸ ê·¼ê°ìì¦Â·ê³¨ë°ë ê°ì ', 444 'ì°ì¸ì¦ ë³´ì¡° (í¹í ì¬ì±)', 445 'ì ê²½í´íì± ì§í ë³´í¸ (íí¨ì¨Â·ALS ì°êµ¬ ì¤)' 446 ], 447 benefits_en: [ 448 'Increases strength, power, exercise capacity 5-15%', 449 'Increases muscle mass (partly water retention)', 450 'Brain ATP and cognition (especially in vegetarians)', 451 'Improves sarcopenia and bone density in elderly', 452 'Adjunct for depression (especially in women)', 453 'Neuroprotective potential (Parkinson\'s, ALS studies ongoing)' 454 ], 455 mechanism_ko: 'ê·¼ì¡ê³¼ ëì ATP ì¬í©ì± ìë를 ê·¹ì ì¼ë¡ ì¦ê° (í¬ì¤í¬í¬ë ìí´-í¬ë ìí´ ì í). 10ì´ ì´ë´ ê³ ê°ë
455 ì´ëìì í¨ê³¼ ìµë. ìë¶ì ê·¼ì¸í¬ ë´ë¡ ëì´ë¤ì¬ ì¸í¬ ë¶í¼â, ë¨ë°± í©ì± ê°ì ìê·¹. ë ATP ìì ì¦ê°ì ìë¹ ìëì§ ê³µê¸.', 456 mechanism_en: 'Dramatically accelerates ATP regeneration in muscle and brain via phosphocreatine-creatine shuttle. Maximum benefit for high-intensity exercise under 10 seconds. Draws water into muscle cells, increasing cell volume and indirectly stimulating protein synthesis. Provides energy reserve during high brain ATP demand.', 457 sources_ko: 'ë¶ì ê³ ê¸° (500gì ì½ 2g), ì°ì´Â·ì°¸ì¹. ìì´ë§ì¼ë¡ ë³´ì¶©ë ëë¬ ì´ë ¤ì.', 458 sources_en: 'Red meat (~2 g per 500 g), salmon, tuna. Dietary intake rarely reaches supplemental levels.', 459 cautions_ko: 'ì´ê¸° ì²´ì¤ 1-2kg ì¦ê° (ìë¶). ì ê¸°ë¥ ì ìì´ë©´ ìì (600+ ì°êµ¬). ë³´ì¶©ì ë í¬ë ìí´ ëª¨ë ¸íì´ëë ì´í¸ë§ ê¶ì¥ (ë¤ë¥¸ ííë í¨ê³¼Â·ìì ì± ì°ì ìì).', 460 cautions_en: 'Initial 1-2 kg weight gain (water retention). Safe with normal renal function (600+ studies). Use creatine monohydrate only â other forms lack evidence of superiority.', 461 research: [ 462 { 463 title_ko: 'Kreider et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017) â ISSN í¬ë ìí´ ì ì¥ë¬¸', 464 title_en: 'Kreider et al. (J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017) â ISSN creatine position statement', 465 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615996/' 466 }, 467 { 468 title_ko: 'Rae et al. (Proc Biol Sci 2003) â í¬ë ìí´ ì¸ì§ê¸°ë¥ RCT', 469 title_en: 'Rae et al. (Proc Biol Sci 2003) â Creatine supplementation improves cognition', 470 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14561278/' 471 }, 472 { 473 title_ko: 'Chilibeck et al. (Open Access J Sports Med 2017) â ë ¸ì¸ í¬ë ìí´ ë©í', 474 title_en: 'Chilibeck et al. (Open Access J Sports Med 2017) â Creatine in older adults meta-analysis', 475 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29138605/' 476 }, 477 { 478 title_ko: 'Candow et al. (Nutrients 2019) â í¬ë ìí´ ê·¼ê°ìì¦Â·ê³¨ê°ìì¦', 479 title_en: 'Candow et al. (Nutrients 2019) â Creatine for sarcopenia and osteopenia', 480 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31027367/' 481 } 482 ] 483 }, 484 { 485 id: 'l-theanine', 486 category: 'amino_fat', 487 rank: 10, 488 name_ko: 'L-í ìë', 489 name_en: 'L-Theanine', 490 icon: 'ðµ', 491 brief_ko: 'ë ¹ì°¨ì ì´ì ìë¯¸ë ¸ì° â ì¡¸ë¦¬ì§ ìì¼ë©´ì í¸ìí ì§ì¤', 492 brief_en: 'Relaxing amino acid from green tea â calm focus without sedation', 493 dose_ko: '100-400mg/ì¼, ì¹´íì¸ê³¼ í¨ê» 2:1 ë¹ì¨ë¡ ìëì§', 494 dose_en: '100-400 mg/day, synergy with caffeine at 2:1 ratio', 495 benefits_ko: [ 496 'ì´ì·ë¶ì ê°ì (ìíí ì¦ê°)', 497 'ì§ì¤ë ¥Â·ì£¼ìë ¥ í¥ì (ì¹´íì¸ê³¼ ìëì§)', 498 'ìë©´ì ì§ ê°ì (REM ì¦ê° ìì´)', 499 'ì¤í¸ë ì¤ì± íì·ì¬ë° ìì í', 500 '주ìë ¥ ê²°í·ADHD ë³´ì¡°', 501 'ë©´ì·NKì¸í¬ íì± (ì¥ê¸° ìì·¨)' 502 ], 503 benefits_en: [ 504 'Relaxation and reduced anxiety (increases alpha-wave activity)', 505 'Improves focus and attention (synergy with caffeine)', 506 'Improves sleep quality (without increased REM)', 507 'Stabilizes stress-induced BP and heart rate', 508 'Adjunct for attention deficit and ADHD', 509 'Enhances immune and NK cell activity (long-term)' 510 ], 511 mechanism_ko: 'BBB를 íµê³¼í´ ê¸ë£¨íì° ê¸¸í ë° GABA·ì¸ë¡í ë·ëí민 ì¦ê°. ìíí ì¦ê°ë¡ ì´ìë ê°ì± ìí ì ë. ì¹´íì¸ì íê´ìì¶Â·ê¸´ì¥ì ìì¶©íë©´ì ê°ì± í¨ê³¼ë ì ì§ (ìëì§).', 512 mechanism_en: 'Crosses BBB; antagonizes glutamate and increases GABA, serotonin, dopamine. Induces alpha-wave activity for relaxed alertness. Buffers caffeine-induced vasoconstriction and jitters while preserving arousal (synergy).', 513 sources_ko: 'ë ¹ì°¨Â·ë§ì°¨Â·íì°¨ (ì°»ì 200mg/g), í¹ì ë²ì¯ (Boletus badius)', 514 sources_en: 'Green tea, matcha, black tea (~200 mg/g leaf), certain mushrooms (Boletus badius)', 515 cautions_ko: 'ë§¤ì° ìì . íìì½ ë³µì©ì 모ëí°ë§. ìì ·ìì ìì ì± ë°ì´í° ì í.', 516 cautions_en: 'Very safe. Monitor if on antihypertensives. Limited safety data in pregnancy/lactation.', 517 research: [ 518 { 519 title_ko: 'Owen et al. (Nutr Neurosci 2008) â í ìë·카íì¸ ì¸ì§ê¸°ë¥ RCT', 520 title_en: 'Owen et al. (Nutr Neurosci 2008) â L-theanine and caffeine improve c
520ognitive performance', 521 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18681988/' 522 }, 523 { 524 title_ko: 'Kimura et al. (Biol Psychol 2007) â í ìë ì¤í¸ë ì¤ ë°ì', 525 title_en: 'Kimura et al. (Biol Psychol 2007) â L-theanine reduces psychological stress', 526 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/' 527 }, 528 { 529 title_ko: 'Hidese et al. (Nutrients 2019) â í ìë ë¶ì·ì°ì¸Â·ìë©´ RCT', 530 title_en: 'Hidese et al. (Nutrients 2019) â L-theanine effects on anxiety, depression, sleep RCT', 531 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/' 532 } 533 ] 534 }, 535 536 // =================================================================== 537 // ANTIOXIDANTS & PHYTOCHEMICALS (12) 538 // =================================================================== 539 { 540 id: 'glutathione', 541 category: 'antioxidant', 542 rank: 1, 543 name_ko: 'ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ (리í¬ìë§/íìí)', 544 name_en: 'Glutathione (Liposomal / Reduced)', 545 icon: 'â¨', 546 brief_ko: 'ì²´ë´ ìµê° íì°íì â ê° í´ë ·면ìÂ·ë ¸í ë°©ì§ì ì¤ì¬ ë¶ì', 547 brief_en: 'Master antioxidant of the body â central molecule for detox, immunity, and anti-aging', 548 dose_ko: '리í¬ìë§ 500-1000mg/ì¼, ì ë§¥ì£¼ì¬ 600-1200mg (ì 문 í´ë¦¬ë)', 549 dose_en: 'Liposomal 500-1000 mg/day, IV 600-1200 mg (clinic setting)', 550 benefits_ko: [ 551 'ê° í´ë Phase II (í¬í© ë°ì)', 552 'ì§ì©ì± ë ì·ì¤ê¸ì ë°°ì¶', 553 'ì¸í¬ ë´ íì±ì°ì ì ê±° (GPx)', 554 'ë©´ìì¸í¬ 기ë¥Â·NK íì± ì¦ê°', 555 'í¼ë¶ 미백·기미 ê°ì (í°ë¡ìëìì ìµì )', 556 'íí¨ì¨ë³Â·ì§ë°©ê°Â·ë§ì±í¼ë¡ ê°ì ' 557 ], 558 benefits_en: [ 559 'Liver Phase II detoxification (conjugation)', 560 'Excretion of lipophilic toxins and heavy metals', 561 'Intracellular ROS quenching (via GPx)', 562 'Enhances immune cell function and NK activity', 563 'Skin lightening (tyrosinase inhibition)', 564 'Improves Parkinson\'s, fatty liver, chronic fatigue' 565 ], 566 mechanism_ko: 'ì¸ ìë¯¸ë ¸ì°(ê¸ë£¨íì°-ìì¤í ì¸-ê¸ë¦¬ì ) í¸ë¦¬í©íì´ëë¡ ì¸í¬ ë´ ê°ì¥ íë¶í íì°íì (3-5mM). íìí(GSH)ì´ ì°íí(GSSG)ì¼ë¡ ë°ëë©° íì±ì°ì ì¤í, GSRì ìí´ ì¬ì. Phase II í¬í© ë°ì(GST)ì¼ë¡ ë ì ìì©ì±í ë° ë°°ì¶.', 567 mechanism_en: 'Tripeptide (Glu-Cys-Gly); most abundant intracellular antioxidant (3-5 mM). Reduced (GSH) is oxidized to GSSG while neutralizing ROS, then regenerated by glutathione reductase. Phase II conjugation (via GST) renders toxins water-soluble for excretion.', 568 sources_ko: '경구 GSHë í¡ìì¨ ë®ì â 리í¬ìë§/ìì¸í¸ íí íì. ì 구체(NAC·ìì¤í ì¸Â·ê¸ë¦¬ì ·ê¸ë£¨íì°) ìì·¨ê° í¨ì¨ì .', 569 sources_en: 'Oral GSH has poor absorption â liposomal/acetyl forms preferred. Supplying precursors (NAC, cysteine, glycine, glutamate) is efficient.', 570 cautions_ko: 'ì²ì íììì í¡ì ì 기ê´ì§ê²½ë ¨ ê°ë¥. 주ì¬ë ìëíë½ìì¤ ëë¬¼ê² ë³´ê³ . ì ë ë·ë¹í민C ë³´ì¡°ì í¨ê³¼â.', 571 cautions_en: 'Inhalation may trigger bronchospasm in asthmatics. Rare anaphylaxis with injection. Works best with selenium and vitamin C cofactors.', 572 research: [ 573 { 574 title_ko: 'Richie et al. (Eur J Nutr 2015) â 리í¬ìë§ GSH íì¤ ì¦ê° RCT', 575 title_en: 'Richie et al. (Eur J Nutr 2015) â Oral glutathione increases body stores RCT', 576 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24791752/' 577 }, 578 { 579 title_ko: 'Sekhar et al. (Am J Clin Nutr 2011) â HIV GSH ê²°íê³¼ ë³´ì¶©',
580 title_en: 'Sekhar et al. (Am J Clin Nutr 2011) â GSH deficiency and supplementation in HIV', 581 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21795440/' 582 }, 583 { 584 title_ko: 'Minich & Brown (Nutrients 2019) â ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ ìì 리뷰', 585 title_en: 'Minich & Brown (Nutrients 2019) â Glutathione clinical review', 586 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487864/' 587 }, 588 { 589 title_ko: 'Honda et al. (BMC Gastroenterol 2017) â GSH ë¹ìì½ì¬ì± ì§ë°©ê°', 590 title_en: 'Honda et al. (BMC Gastroenterol 2017) â Glutathione for NAFLD pilot trial', 591 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28789631/' 592 } 593 ] 594 }, 595 { 596 id: 'coq10', 597 category: 'antioxidant', 598 rank: 2, 599 name_ko: 'CoQ10 (ì ë¹í´ë)', 600 name_en: 'CoQ10 (Ubiquinol)', 601 icon: 'ð', 602 brief_ko: '미í ì½ë리ì ì ìì ë¬ê³ì íµì¬ â ì¬ì¥ê³¼ ìëì§ì íì ì¡°í¨ì', 603 brief_en: 'Core of the mitochondrial electron transport chain â essential coenzyme for heart and energy', 604 dose_ko: 'ì ë¹í´ë 100-200mg/ì¼ (ê³ ë ¹ì), ì¬ë¶ì ì 300mg, ì¤íí´ ì¬ì©ì 100-200mg', 605 dose_en: 'Ubiquinol 100-200 mg/day (elderly), 300 mg for heart failure, 100-200 mg with statins', 606 benefits_ko: [ 607 'ì¬ë¶ì ì¦ì·ì¬ë§ë¥ ê°ì (Q-SYMBIO)', 608 'ì¤íí´ ì ë° ê·¼ì¡íµ ìí', 609 'í¸ëíµ ë¹ë ê°ì (ìë°©)', 610 'íì ê°í·ë´í¼ ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì ', 611 'ëì·ì ì ì§ ê°ì (ë¶ì)', 612 'í¼ë¡Â·ì´ë ì§êµ¬ë ¥ í¥ì' 613 ], 614 benefits_en: [ 615 'Improves heart failure symptoms and mortality (Q-SYMBIO)', 616 'Alleviates statin-induced myalgia', 617 'Reduces migraine frequency (prophylaxis)', 618 'Lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function', 619 'Improves egg and sperm quality (infertility)', 620 'Reduces fatigue and enhances exercise endurance' 621 ], 622 mechanism_ko: '미í ì½ë리ì ë´ë§ì ì ìì ë¬ê³ ë³µí©ì²´ I·II â III ê° ì ìì´ë°ì²´ì´ì ATP í©ì±ì íì ì¸ì. ì§ì©ì± íì°íì ë¡ LDL·ì¸í¬ë§ ë³´í¸. ì¤íí´ì HMG-CoA íìí¨ì ìµì ë¡ CoQ10 í©ì±ë ê°ì´ ê°ììì¼ ê·¼ì¡ ë¶ìì© ì ë°.', 623 mechanism_en: 'Lipid-soluble electron carrier in the mitochondrial inner membrane (between complexes I/II and III), essential for ATP synthesis. Protects LDL and cell membranes from oxidation. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, also lowering CoQ10 synthesis and contributing to myalgia.', 624 sources_ko: 'ì·ë¼ì§ ì¬ì¥Â·ê°, ì ì´ë¦¬Â·ê³ ë±ì´, 견과ë¥, ìê¸ì¹ (ìì¬ë¡ 2-5mg/ì¼)', 625 sources_en: 'Beef/pork heart and liver, sardines, mackerel, nuts, spinach (2-5 mg/day from food)', 626 cautions_ko: 'ìí린 í¨ê³¼ ê°ì ê°ë¥ (ë¹í민K ì ì¬ êµ¬ì¡°). ì ë¹í´ë ¼(ì°íí)ë³´ë¤ ì ë¹í´ë(íìí)ì´ í¡ìì¨ 3-4ë°°. ì§ì©ì±ì´ë¯ë¡ ìì¬ì í¨ê».', 627 cautions_en: 'May reduce warfarin efficacy (vitamin K-like structure). Ubiquinol (reduced) has 3-4à better absorption than ubiquinone. Fat-soluble â take with meals.', 628 research: [ 629 { 630 title_ko: 'Mortensen et al. (JACC Heart Fail 2014) â Q-SYMBIO: CoQ10 ì¬ë¶ì ì¬ë§ë¥ â', 631 title_en: 'Mortensen et al. (JACC Heart Fail 2014) â Q-SYMBIO trial: CoQ10 reduces heart failure mortality', 632 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25282031/' 633 }, 634 { 635 title_ko: 'Banach et al. (Mayo Clin Proc 2015) â CoQ10 ì¤íí´ ê·¼ì¡íµ ë©í', 636 title_en: 'Banach et al. (Mayo Clin Proc 2015) â CoQ10 for statin-induced myopathy meta-analysis', 637 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440725/' 638 }, 639 { 640 title_ko: 'Parohan et al. (J Headache Pain 2020) â CoQ10 í¸ëíµ ë©í', 641 title_en: 'Parohan et al. (J Headache Pain 2020) â CoQ10 for migraine prophylaxis meta-analysis', 642 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32334524/' 643 }, 644 { 645 title_ko: 'Rosenfeldt et al. (J Hum Hypertens 2007) â CoQ10 íì ë©í', 646 title_en: 'Rosenfeldt et al. (J Hum Hypertens 2007) â CoQ10 for hypertension meta-analysis', 647 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17287847/' 648 } 649 ] 650 }, 651 { 652 id: 'alpha-lipoic-acid', 653 category: 'antioxidant', 654 rank: 3, 655 name_ko: 'ìí-리í¬ì° (ALA/R-ALA)', 656 name_en: 'Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA / R-ALA)', 657 icon: 'ð', 658 brief_ko: 'ìì©ì±Â·ì§ì©ì± 모ë â ë¤ë¥¸ íì°íì 를 ì¬íì©íë ì ì¼í ë¶ì', 659 brief_en: 'Both water- and fat-soluble â uniquely recycles other antioxidants', 660 dose_ko: 'R-ALA 200-600mg/ì¼ ê³µë³µ, ë¹ë¨ë³ì± ì ê²½ë³ì¦ 600-1800mg', 661 dose_en: 'R-ALA 200-600 mg/day fasted, 600-1800 mg for diabetic neuropathy', 662 benefits_ko: [ 663 'ë¹ë¨ë³ì± ë§ì´ì ê²½ë³ì¦ ê°ì (SYDNEY)', 664 'ì¸ì린 민ê°ë·íë¹ ì¡°ì ë³´ì¡°', 665 'ë¹í민C·E·ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ ì¬íì©', 666 'ì¤ê¸ì í¬ë ì´ì (ìì·ë©)', 667 'ê° ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì (ìë§ëí ë²ì¯ ì¤ë ì¹ë£)', 668 'ì²´ì¤ ê°ì·복ë¶ì§ë°© ê°ì' 669 ], 670 benefits_en: [ 671 'Improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy (SYDNEY trial)', 672 'Supports insulin sensitivity and glucose control', 673 'Recycles vitamin C, E, and glutathione', 674 'Chelates heavy metals (mercury, lead)', 675 'Hepatoprotective (Amanita mushroom poisoning antidote)', 676 'Reduces body weight and abdominal fat' 677 ], 678 mechanism_ko: 'ì¹ìì±Â·ììì± ì쪽ìì ìì©íë ë문 íì°íì ë¡ ROS·RNS 모ë ì¤í. ëíì´ëë¡ë¦¬í¬ì°(DHLA)ì ë ê°ë ¥íë©° ì°íë íì°íì ì¬ì. 미í ì½ë리ì í¼ë£¨ë¸ì°Â·Î±-KG íììí¨ìì ì¡°í¨ìë¡ ìëì§ ëì¬ ì§ì ì°¸ì¬. R-íì´ ì²ì°ì´ì í
678ì±í.', 679 mechanism_en: 'Unique dual-solubility antioxidant neutralizing both ROS and RNS in aqueous and lipid compartments. Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) is even more potent and regenerates oxidized antioxidants. Cofactor for mitochondrial pyruvate and α-KG dehydrogenases â directly in energy metabolism. The R-enantiomer is the natural and active form.', 680 sources_ko: 'ìê¸ì¹Â·ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬Â·í ë§í ·ì ì ì¥ (미ëë§), ì¤ì§ì ì¼ë¡ë ë³´ì¶©ì íì', 681 sources_en: 'Spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, beef kidney (trace only) â supplementation practically required', 682 cautions_ko: '공복 ë³µì© (ììê³¼ í¨ê» ë³µì©ì í¡ì â). ì íë¹ ì ì (ë¹ë¨ì½ê³¼ ë³ì©). í°ì민 ê²°íì·ìì½ì¬ ì¤ë ìë 주ì.', 683 cautions_en: 'Take fasted (food impairs absorption). Monitor for hypoglycemia with antidiabetics. Caution in thiamine deficiency and alcoholism.', 684 research: [ 685 { 686 title_ko: 'Ziegler et al. (Diabetes Care 2006) â SYDNEY 2: ALA ë¹ë¨ë³ì± ì ê²½ë³ì¦', 687 title_en: 'Ziegler et al. (Diabetes Care 2006) â SYDNEY 2 trial: ALA for diabetic neuropathy', 688 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17065669/' 689 }, 690 { 691 title_ko: 'Namazi et al. (Clin Nutr 2018) â ALA ì²´ì¤ ê°ì ë©í', 692 title_en: 'Namazi et al. (Clin Nutr 2018) â Alpha-lipoic acid for weight loss meta-analysis', 693 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28629898/' 694 }, 695 { 696 title_ko: 'Shay et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta 2009) â ALA íì°í 기ì 리뷰', 697 title_en: 'Shay et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta 2009) â Alpha-lipoic acid antioxidant mechanism review', 698 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19664690/' 699 } 700 ] 701 }, 702 { 703 id: 'astaxanthin', 704 category: 'antioxidant', 705 rank: 4, 706 name_ko: 'ìì¤íìí´', 707 name_en: 'Astaxanthin', 708 icon: 'ð¦', 709 brief_ko: 'ìì°ê³ ìµê° ì¹´ë¡í°ë ¸ì´ë â ë¹í민Eë³´ë¤ 550ë°°, ë² íì¹´ë¡í´ë³´ë¤ 10ë°° ê°ë ¥', 710 brief_en: 'Nature\'s most potent carotenoid â 550à vitamin E, 10à beta-carotene in antioxidant power', 711 dose_ko: '4-12mg/ì¼ ìì¬ì í¨ê» (ì§ì©ì±)', 712 dose_en: '4-12 mg/day with meals (fat-soluble)', 713 benefits_ko: [ 714 'í¼ë¶ íë ¥Â·ì£¼ë¦Â·ìë¶ ê°ì (UV ë°©ì´)', 715 'ì구 í¼ë¡Â·ìì ì²´ ë³´í¸', 716 'ì§êµ¬ë ¥ ì¦ê°Â·ê·¼ì¡ íë³µ (ì¬ë¦¼í½ ì ì ì°êµ¬)', 717 'íì¼ì¦ (CRP·IL-6 ê°ì)', 718 'ë¨ì± ì ì ì§Â·ì´ëì± ê°ì ', 719 'LDL ì°í ìµì ·íê´ ë³´í¸' 720 ], 721 benefits_en: [ 722 'Improves skin elasticity, wrinkles, and hydration (UV protection)', 723 'Reduces eye fatigue and protects the lens', 724 'Increases endurance and muscle recovery (Olympic athlete studies)', 725 'Anti-inflammatory (reduces CRP, IL-6)', 726 'Improves sperm quality and motility', 727 'Inhibits LDL oxidation and protects vasculature' 728 ], 729 mechanism_ko: 'ì¸í¬ë§ ì¸ì§ì§ ì´ì¤ì¸µì ê´íµíë ë í¹í êµ¬ì¡°ë¡ ì¹ìì±Â·ììì± ìì 모ë ë³´í¸. ì¼ì¤í ì°ì(¹Oâ)ì ê³¼ì°íë¼ëì¹¼ì íì¹. íì¡ëì¥ë²½Â·íì¡ë§ë§ì¥ë²½ 모ë íµê³¼. ë¤ë¥¸ ì¹´ë¡í°ë ¸ì´ëì ë¬ë¦¬ íë¡ë¹í민A íì± ìì´ ëë ìì·¨ ìì .', 730 mechanism_en: 'Unique molecular structure spans the phospholipid bilayer, protecting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane regions. Quenches singlet oxygen (¹Oâ) and peroxyl radicals. Crosses both blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. Unlike other carotenoids, has no provitamin A activity â safe at high doses.', 731 sources_ko: 'í¤ë§í ì½ì¿ ì¤ ì¡°ë¥(ê°ì¥ íë¶), ì°ì´Â·ìì°Â·ê°ì¬Â·í¬ë¦´ìì°, ì°ì´ ì´ì ë¶ìì ìì¸', 732 sources_en: 'Haematococcus pluvialis algae (richest), salmon, shrimp, lobster, krill â responsible for pink-red color of salmon flesh', 733 cautions_ko: 'ë§¤ì° ìì (LD50 ë§¤ì° ëì). í¸ë¥´ëª¬ ìì¡´ì± ì ë°ì´í° ë¶ì¡±. í¼ë¶ ìì 침착(ì¹´ë¡í´íì¦)ì ë묾.', 734 cautions_en: 'Very safe (very high LD50). Limited data in hormone-dependent cancers. Skin yellowing (carotenemia) is rare at usual doses.', 735 research: [ 736 { 737 title_ko: 'Tominaga et al. (Acta Biochim Pol 2012) â ìì¤íìí´ í¼ë¶ RCT', 738 title_en: 'Tominaga et al. (Acta Biochim Pol 2012) â Astaxanthin cosmetic effects RCT', 739 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22428137/' 740 }, 741 { 742 title_ko: 'Earnest et al. (Int J Sports Med 2011) â ìì¤íìí´ ì§êµ¬ë ¥ ì´ë', 743 title_en: 'Earnest et al. (Int J Sports Med 2011) â Astaxanthin and cycling time trial', 744 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21590640/' 745 }, 746 { 747 title_ko: 'Donoso et al. (Pharmacol Res 2021) â ìì¤íìí´ ìì 리뷰', 748 title_en: 'Donoso et al. (Pharmacol Res 2021) â Clinical benefits of astaxanthin review', 749 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33636351/' 750 } 751 ] 752 }, 753 { 754 id: 'lutein-zeaxanthin', 755 category: 'antioxidant', 756 rank: 5, 757 name_ko: '루í ì¸ & ì§ììí´', 758 name_en: 'Lutein & Zeaxanthin', 759 icon: 'ðï¸', 760 brief_ko: 'í©ë°ì ì²ì° ì ê¸ë¼ì¤ â ë¸ë£¨ë¼ì´í¸Â·UVë¡ë¶í° ë§ë§ ë³´í¸', 761 brief_en: 'Natural sunglasses of the macula â protects retina from blue light and UV', 762 dose_ko: '루í ì¸ 10-20mg + ì§ììí´ 2-4mg, ìì¬ì í¨ê»', 763 dose_en: 'Lutein 10-20 mg + zeaxanthin 2-4 mg with meals', 764 benefits_ko: [ 765 'í©ë°ë³ì±(AMD) ì§í ê°ì (AREDS2)', 766 'ë°±ë´ì¥ ìí ê°ì', 767 'ë¸ë£¨ë¼ì´í¸Â·ì»´í¨í° ìë ¥ì¦íêµ° ìí', 768 'ëë¹ ê°ë·ì¼ê° ìë ¥ ê°ì ', 769 'ë ì¸ì§ ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì (ë ¸ì¸)', 770 'í¼ë¶ UV ìì ë°©ì´' 771 ], 772 benefits_en: [ 773 'Slows age-related macular degeneration (AREDS2)', 774 'Reduces cataract risk', 775 'Alleviates blue light and computer vision syndrome', 776 'Improves contrast sensitivity and night vision', 777 'Improves cognition in older adults', 778 'Protects skin from UV damage' 779 ], 780 mechanism_ko: 'ë§ë§ í©ë°ì ê³ ëëë¡ ì¶ì ëì´ ì²ìê´(400-500nm) ì¬ê³¼ íí° ìí . ê´ë ì± ì¼ì¤í ì°ì íì¹. ì§ììí´ì ì¤ì¬ì(fovea)ì ì§ì¤, 루í ì¸ì 주ë³ë¶ì ë
780¶í¬. ëììë íìµÂ·ê¸°ìµ ê´ë ¨ ììì ì¶ì .', 781 mechanism_en: 'Concentrate in macular pigment; filter high-energy blue light (400-500 nm). Quench phototoxic singlet oxygen. Zeaxanthin concentrates in the fovea, lutein in the parafovea. Also accumulate in brain regions involved in learning and memory.', 782 sources_ko: 'ì¼ì¼Â·ìê¸ì¹Â·ì½ë¼ë (ìµê³ ), ê³ë ë ¸ë¥¸ì (í¡ìì¨ â), ì¥ìì·íí리카, ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬', 783 sources_en: 'Kale, spinach, collard greens (highest), egg yolks (best absorbed), corn, bell peppers, broccoli', 784 cautions_ko: 'AREDS2 ê²°ê³¼ì ë°ë¼ ë² íì¹´ë¡í´ì 루í ì¸/ì§ììí´ì¼ë¡ ëì²´ ê¶ì¥ (í¡ì°ì íì ìí). í¼ë¶ í©ë³ ë§¤ì° ë묾.', 785 cautions_en: 'AREDS2 recommends replacing beta-carotene with lutein/zeaxanthin (lung cancer risk in smokers). Carotenodermia very rare.', 786 research: [ 787 { 788 title_ko: 'AREDS2 Research Group (JAMA 2013) â 루í ì¸/ì§ììí´ AMD', 789 title_en: 'AREDS2 Research Group (JAMA 2013) â Lutein/zeaxanthin for AMD', 790 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23644932/' 791 }, 792 { 793 title_ko: 'Ma et al. (Nutrients 2016) â 루í ì¸ ë°±ë´ì¥ ë©í', 794 title_en: 'Ma et al. (Nutrients 2016) â Lutein/zeaxanthin and cataract meta-analysis', 795 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27782058/' 796 }, 797 { 798 title_ko: 'Stringham et al. (Foods 2017) â 루í ì¸ ë¸ë£¨ë¼ì´í¸ RCT', 799 title_en: 'Stringham et al. (Foods 2017) â Macular carotenoids and blue light', 800 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28763031/' 801 } 802 ] 803 }, 804 { 805 id: 'lycopene', 806 category: 'antioxidant', 807 rank: 6, 808 name_ko: '리ì½í', 809 name_en: 'Lycopene', 810 icon: 'ð ', 811 brief_ko: 'í ë§í ì ë¹¨ê° íì°íì â ì 립ì ·ì¬íê´ ë³´í¸ì ê°ë ¥í ì¹´ë¡í°ë ¸ì´ë', 812 brief_en: 'Red antioxidant of tomatoes â powerful carotenoid for prostate and cardiovascular protection', 813 dose_ko: '10-30mg/ì¼, 조리ë í ë§í ·ì§ë°©ê³¼ í¨ê» í¡ì â', 814 dose_en: '10-30 mg/day; best absorbed from cooked tomato with fat', 815 benefits_ko: [ 816 'ì 립ì ì ìí ê°ì (Giovannucci ì°êµ¬)', 817 'ì¬íê´ ì§í·ë맥경í ìë°©', 818 'ìì¶ê¸° íì ê°í', 819 'LDL ì°í ìµì ', 820 'í¼ë¶ UV ìì·ê´ë ¸í ë°©ì´', 821 'ë¶ì ë¨ì± ì ì ì´ëì± ê°ì ' 822 ], 823 benefits_en: [ 824 'Reduces prostate cancer risk (Giovannucci studies)', 825 'Prevents cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis', 826 'Lowers systolic blood pressure', 827 'Inhibits LDL oxidation', 828 'Protects skin from UV damage and photoaging', 829 'Improves sperm motility in infertile men' 830 ], 831 mechanism_ko: 'ì¼ì¤í ì°ì(¹Oâ) íì¹ ë¥ë ¥ì´ 모ë ì¹´ë¡í°ë ¸ì´ë ì¤ ìµê° (ë² íì¹´ë¡í´ì 2ë°°). íë¡ë¹í민A íì± ìì. 조리·ì§ë°©ê³¼ í¨ê» í¡ì ì cis-íì¼ë¡ ì´ì±ì§íëì´ ìì²´ì´ì©ë¥ â. ì 립ì ì¡°ì§ì ì íì ì¼ë¡ ì¶ì .', 832 mechanism_en: 'Most powerful singlet oxygen (¹Oâ) quencher among carotenoids (2à beta-carotene). No provitamin A activity. Cooking and fat promote conversion to cis-isomers with higher bioavailability. Preferentially accumulates in prostate tissue.', 833 sources_ko: 'í ë§í ìì¤Â·íì´ì¤í¸ (조리ì í¡ì 3-4ë°°), ìë°, ë¶í ì몽, 구ìë°, ííì¼', 834 sources_en: 'Cooked tomato sauce/paste (3-4à absorption vs. raw), watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava, papaya', 835 cautions_ko: 'ë§¤ì° ìì . í¡ì°ì ëê·ëª¨ ì½í¸í¸ìì ê³ ì©ë ë³´ì¶©ì íì ìí ë¶íì¤ (ìì´ë ìì ). 리ì½íë¤ë¯¸ì(í¼ë¶ 주í©ì) ë묾.', 836 cautions_en: 'Very safe. High-dose supplementation may carry unclear lung cancer risk in smokers (dietary intake is safe). Lycopenodermia (skin orange coloration) is rare.', 837 research: [ 838 { 839 title_ko: 'Chen et al. (Medicine 2015) â 리ì½í ì 립ì ì ë©í', 840 title_en: 'Chen et al. (Medicine 2015) â Lycopene and prostate cancer meta-analysis', 841 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26287411/' 842 }, 843 { 844 title_ko: 'Cheng et al. (Atherosclerosis 2017) â 리ì½í íì·CVD ë©í', 845 title_en: 'Cheng et al. (Atherosclerosis 2017) â Lycopene and cardiovascular outcomes meta-analysis', 846 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28888893/' 847 }, 848 { 849 title_ko: 'Stahl & Sies (Mol Biotechnol 2007) â 리ì½í·í¼ë¶ ë³´í¸',
850 title_en: 'Stahl & Sies (Mol Biotechnol 2007) â Carotenoids and skin UV protection', 851 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17914215/' 852 } 853 ] 854 }, 855 { 856 id: 'sulforaphane', 857 category: 'antioxidant', 858 rank: 7, 859 name_ko: 'ì¤í¬ë¼í (ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬ ìì¹)', 860 name_en: 'Sulforaphane (Broccoli Sprouts)', 861 icon: 'ð¥¦', 862 brief_ko: 'Nrf2 íì±íì ì â ê° í´ë í¨ì·íì Phase II ì ë', 863 brief_en: 'King of Nrf2 activators â induces Phase II detox enzymes and anti-cancer pathways', 864 dose_ko: '10-40mg/ì¼ (ì ì ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬ ìì¹ 50-100g ëë íì¤í ì¶ì¶ë¬¼)', 865 dose_en: '10-40 mg/day (50-100 g fresh broccoli sprouts or standardized extract)', 866 benefits_ko: [ 867 'Phase II í´ë í¨ì ì ë (GST·NQO1)', 868 'í¬ë¦¬ì½ë°í° ê°ì·ìì ìë°©', 869 'ìí ì¤íí¸ë¼ íë ê°ì (Singh 2014)', 870 'íì ê°í·ë맥경í ìë°©', 871 'ìì¸ì ìì ë°©ì´ (êµì·경구)', 872 'BPH·ì 립ì ê±´ê° ê°ì ' 873 ], 874 benefits_en: [ 875 'Induces Phase II detox enzymes (GST, NQO1)', 876 'Reduces H. pylori and prevents gastric cancer', 877 'Improves autism spectrum behavior (Singh 2014)', 878 'Lowers BP and prevents atherosclerosis', 879 'Protects against UV damage (topical and oral)', 880 'Improves BPH and prostate health' 881 ], 882 mechanism_ko: 'ê¸ë£¨ì½ë¼íë(ì 구체)ì´ ë¯¸ë¡ìëìì í¨ìì ìí´ ì¤í¬ë¼íì¼ë¡ íì±í. Nrf2-Keap1 ê²½ë¡ë¥¼ íµí´ 100ê° ì´ìì ì¸í¬ë³´í¸ ì ì ì ë°í ì ë. HDAC ìµì ë¡ íì±ì ì íì íì í¨ê³¼. ìì¹ì ì±ìí ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬ë³´ë¤ 20-50ë°° ëë.', 883 mechanism_en: 'Glucoraphanin (precursor) is converted to sulforaphane by myrosinase enzyme. Activates Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, inducing expression of 100+ cytoprotective genes. Inhibits HDAC, providing epigenetic anti-cancer effects. Sprouts contain 20-50à more than mature broccoli.', 884 sources_ko: 'ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬ ìì¹ 3-4ì¼ ì°¨ (ìµê³ ), ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬Â·ì½ë¦¬íë¼ì·배ì¶Â·ë¬´Â·ì¼ì¼, 머ì¤í°ëì¨ (미ë¡ìëìì ê³µê¸ì)', 885 sources_en: '3-4 day broccoli sprouts (highest), broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, mustard seeds (myrosinase source)', 886 cautions_ko: 'ê°ìì ê¸°ë¥ ì íì¦ìë ê³¼ë í¼í ê² (ê³ ì´í¸ë¡ê²). íìí ê°ì ê°ë¥ (ê³ ì©ë). 조리 ì 미ë¡ìëìì ë¶íì±í â ìì¹ì´ë 머ì¤í°ëì¨ ì¶ê° ê¶ì¥.', 887 cautions_en: 'Avoid excess in hypothyroidism (goitrogenic). High doses may affect platelets. Cooking inactivates myrosinase â use sprouts or add mustard seed.', 888 research: [ 889 { 890 title_ko: 'Singh et al. (PNAS 2014) â ì¤í¬ë¼í ìí RCT', 891 title_en: 'Singh et al. (PNAS 2014) â Sulforaphane for autism spectrum disorder RCT', 892 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25313065/' 893 }, 894 { 895 title_ko: 'Yanaka et al. (Cancer Prev Res 2009) â ì¤í¬ë¼í H. pylori ê°ì', 896 title_en: 'Yanaka et al. (Cancer Prev Res 2009) â Sulforaphane reduces H. pylori', 897 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349290/' 898 }, 899 { 900 title_ko: 'Fahey et al. (PNAS 1997) â ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬ ìì¹ íì ìì¡° ë ¼ë¬¸', 901 title_en: 'Fahey et al. (PNAS 1997) â Broccoli sprouts as rich source of inducers of Phase II enzymes', 902 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9294217/' 903 }, 904 { 905 title_ko: 'Houghton et al. (Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016) â ì¤í¬ë¼í ìì 리뷰', 906 title_en: 'Houghton et al. (Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016) â Sulforaphane clinical review', 907 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26881038/' 908 } 909 ] 910 }, 911 { 912 id: 'curcumin', 913 category: 'antioxidant', 914 rank: 8, 915 name_ko: '커í민 (í¼í린 ë³ì©)', 916 name_en: 'Curcumin (with Piperine)', 917 icon: 'ð ', 918 brief_ko: 'ê°í©ì í©ê¸ì í´ë¦¬íë â ê°ì¥ ê´ë²ìíê² ì°êµ¬ë íì¼ì¦ ì물íí©ë¬¼', 919 brief_en: 'Golden polyphenol of turmeric â most broadly researched anti-inflammatory phytochemical', 920 dose_ko: '500-2000mg/ì¼ (í¼í린 5-20mg ë³ì©), ìì¬ì í¨ê»', 921 dose_en: '500-2000 mg/day (with 5-20 mg piperine), with meals', 922 benefits_ko: [ 923 'ê´ì ì¼ íµì¦ ìí (ì´ë¶íë¡í ë¹ë±ê°)', 924 'ì°ì¸ì¦ ê°ì (SSRI ë³´ì¡°)', 925 'ë¹ìì½ì¬ì± ì§ë°©ê° ê°ì ', 926 'CRP·ì¼ì¦ ì§í ê°ì', 927 'ëì¥ì·ëì¥ í´ë¦½ ìë°©', 928 'ì¸ì§ 기ë¥Â·ìì¸ íì´ë¨¸ ìë°©' 929 ], 930 benefits_en: [ 931 'Relieves arthritis pain (non-inferior to ibuprofen)', 932 'Improves depression (SSRI adjunct)', 933 'Improves NAFLD', 934 'Reduces CRP and inflammation markers', 935 'Prevents colorectal cancer and polyps', 936 'Preserves cognition and prevents Alzheimer\'s' 937 ], 938 mechanism_ko: 'NF-κB, COX-2, LOX, iNOS ë± ë¤ì¤ ì¼ì¦ ê²½ë¡ ìµì . ìì¸í¬ìì ìí¬í ìì¤ ì ë, íê´ì ì·ì ì´ ìµì . ìì²´ì´ì©ë¥ ì´ ë§¤ì° ë®ì í¼í린(2000% â), 리í¬ì, ëë ¸ì ì, í¬ì¤íí°ëì½ë¦° ë³µí©ì²´ ë± í¹ì ì í íì.', 939 mechanism_en: 'Inhibits multiple inflammatory pathways: NF-κB, COX-2, LOX, iNOS. Induces apoptosis in cancer
939cells and inhibits angiogenesis/metastasis. Very low bioavailability â requires piperine (increases 2000%), liposomal, nanoparticle, or phosphatidylcholine complex formulations.', 940 sources_ko: 'ê°í© ë¿ë¦¬ (커í민 3-5%), ì¹´ë ê°ë£¨, í©ê¸ì°ì (ê°í©Â·íì¶Â·ìê°Â·ì§ë°©)', 941 sources_en: 'Turmeric root (3-5% curcumin), curry powder, golden milk (turmeric + pepper + ginger + fat)', 942 cautions_ko: 'ë´ì·ë´ê´ íìì ê¸ê¸° (ë´ì¦ ë¶ë¹â). íìê³ ì ì ì¶í ìíâ. ìì ì¤ ìê¶ ìì¶ ì´ë¡ . ì² ë¶ í¡ì ê°ì ê°ë¥.', 943 cautions_en: 'Contraindicated in gallstones/biliary obstruction (increases bile secretion). Increases bleeding risk with anticoagulants. Theoretical uterine stimulation in pregnancy. May reduce iron absorption.', 944 research: [ 945 { 946 title_ko: 'Daily et al. (J Med Food 2016) â 커í민 ê´ì ì¼ ë©í', 947 title_en: 'Daily et al. (J Med Food 2016) â Curcumin for arthritis meta-analysis', 948 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27533649/' 949 }, 950 { 951 title_ko: 'Lopresti et al. (J Affect Disord 2014) â 커í민 ì°ì¸ì¦ RCT', 952 title_en: 'Lopresti et al. (J Affect Disord 2014) â Curcumin for major depression RCT', 953 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24882008/' 954 }, 955 { 956 title_ko: 'Shoba et al. (Planta Med 1998) â í¼í린 커í민 ìì²´ì´ì©ë¥ 2000% â', 957 title_en: 'Shoba et al. (Planta Med 1998) â Piperine increases curcumin bioavailability 2000%', 958 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9619120/' 959 }, 960 { 961 title_ko: 'Hewlings & Kalman (Foods 2017) â 커í민 ê±´ê° í¨ê³¼ 리뷰', 962 title_en: 'Hewlings & Kalman (Foods 2017) â Curcumin clinical review', 963 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29065496/' 964 } 965 ] 966 }, 967 { 968 id: 'egcg', 969 category: 'antioxidant', 970 rank: 9, 971 name_ko: 'EGCG (ë ¹ì°¨ ì¹´í í¨)', 972 name_en: 'EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate)', 973 icon: 'ð', 974 brief_ko: 'ë ¹ì°¨ì ëí í´ë¦¬íë â ì¬íê´Â·ëì¬Â·ìì ë¤ì¤ ìì©', 975 brief_en: 'Signature polyphenol of green tea â multi-target for cardiovascular, metabolic, and cancer', 976 dose_ko: 'ë ¹ì°¨ 3-5ì ëë EGCG ì¶ì¶ë¬¼ 200-400mg/ì¼', 977 dose_en: '3-5 cups green tea or 200-400 mg EGCG extract/day', 978 benefits_ko: [ 979 'ë³µë¶ì§ë°©Â·ì²´ì¤ ê°ì (ìí)', 980 'íì¤ ì½ë ì¤í 롤·LDL ê°ì', 981 'íê´ ë´í¼ 기ë¥Â·íì ê°ì ', 982 'ë 기ë¥Â·ì§ì¤ë ¥ (í ìë·카íì¸ ìëì§)', 983 'ì ë°©ì·ì 립ì ì ìë°© ê°ë¥ì±', 984 'íë¹Â·ì¸ì린 ê°ìì± ê°ì ' 985 ], 986 benefits_en: [ 987 'Modest reduction in abdominal fat and body weight', 988 'Reduces cholesterol and LDL', 989 'Improves endothelial function and BP', 990 'Enhances cognition and focus (synergy with theanine/caffeine)', 991 'Potential breast and prostate cancer prevention', 992 'Improves glucose control and insulin sensitivity' 993 ], 994 mechanism_ko: 'ì§ë°© ëì¬ìì ì¹´í ì½-O-ë©í¸ì ë¬í¨ì(COMT) ìµì â ë ¸ë¥´ìí¼ë¤í린 â â ì§ë°©ë¶í´ â. AMPK íì±í, mTOR ìµì . DNA ë©í¸ì ë¬í¨ì(DNMT) ìµì ë¡ íì±ì ì íì íì. íë°ì´ë¬ì¤Â·íê· íì±.', 995 mechanism_en: 'Inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), raising norepinephrine and enhancing lipolysis. Activates AMPK and inhibits mTOR. Inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) for epigenetic anti-cancer effects. Antiviral and antibacterial activity.', 996 sources_ko: 'ë ¹ì°¨ (í¹í ë§ì°¨Â·ì¼ì°¨), 백차, ì°ë¡±ì°¨ (íì°¨ë ë°í¨ë¡ EGCG ê°ì)', 997 sources_en: 'Green tea (especially matcha, sencha), white tea, oolong tea (fermentation reduces EGCG in black tea)', 998 cautions_ko: 'ê³ ì©ë ì¶ì¶ë¬¼ì ê°ë ì± ë³´ê³ (>800mg EGCG, 공복). ì² ë¶ í¡ì ê°ì. ë² í-ì°¨ë¨ì ·ìí린과 ìí¸ìì©. ìì ì¤ ì½ì° ìí¸ìì©.', 999 cautions_en: 'Hepatotoxicity reported with high-dose extracts (>800 mg EGCG, fasted). Reduces iron absorption. Interacts with beta-blockers and warfarin. Folate interaction in pregnancy.', 1000 research: [ 1001 { 1002 title_ko: 'Hursel et al. (Int J Obes 2009) â ë ¹ì°¨ ì²´ì¤ ê°ì ë©í', 1003 title_en: 'Hursel et al. (Int J Obes 2009) â Green tea catechins and weight loss meta-analysis', 1004 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19597519/' 1005 }, 1006 { 1007 title_ko: 'Onakpoya et al. (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014) â ë ¹ì°¨ íì ë©í', 1008 title_en: 'Onakpoya et al. (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014) â Green tea and blood pressure meta-analysis', 1009 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24675010/' 1010 }, 1011 { 1012 title_ko: 'Bettuzzi et al. (Cancer Res 2006) â ë ¹ì°¨ ì¹´í í¨ ì 립ì ì ìë°© RCT', 1013 title_en: 'Bettuzzi et al. (Cancer Res 2006) â Green tea catechins for prostate cancer prevention', 1014 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424063/' 1015 } 1016 ] 1017 }, 1018 { 1019 id: 'anthocyanins', 1020 category: 'antioxidant', 1021 rank: 10, 1022 name_ko: 'ìí ììë (ë¹ë² 리·ìëë² ë¦¬)', 1023 name_en: 'Anthocyanins (Bilberry / Elderberry)', 1024 icon: 'ð«', 1025 brief_ko: 'ë² ë¦¬ë¥ì ë³´ë¼Â·ë¹¨ê° ìì â íê´Â·ë·면ìì í´ë¦¬íë', 1026 brief_en: 'Purple-red berry pigments â polyphenols for vessels, eyes, and immunity',
1027 dose_ko: 'ë¹ë² 리 ì¶ì¶ë¬¼ 160-480mg/ì¼ (ìí ììë 25% íì¤í)', 1028 dose_en: 'Bilberry extract 160-480 mg/day (standardized to 25% anthocyanins)', 1029 benefits_ko: [ 1030 'ì¼ê° ìë ¥Â·ìì í¼ë¡ ê°ì (ë¹ë² 리)', 1031 'ì¸í루ìì ì¦ì ê¸°ê° ë¨ì¶ (ìëë² ë¦¬)', 1032 '모ì¸íê´ ê°í·ì ë§¥ìí ê°ì ', 1033 '기ìµÂ·ì¸ì§ ê¸°ë¥ (ë ¸ì¸ RCT)', 1034 'ì¬íê´ ë´í¼ ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì ', 1035 'ë¹ë¨ë³Â·ì¸ì린 ê°ìì± ë³´ì¡°' 1036 ], 1037 benefits_en: [ 1038 'Improves night vision and eye fatigue (bilberry)', 1039 'Shortens influenza duration (elderberry)', 1040 'Strengthens capillaries and improves venous circulation', 1041 'Improves memory and cognition (elderly RCTs)', 1042 'Improves cardiovascular endothelial function', 1043 'Adjunct for diabetes and insulin sensitivity' 1044 ], 1045 mechanism_ko: 'ê°ë ¥í ìì ë¼ëì¹¼ ìê±°, eNOS·PPAR íì±íë¡ íê´ íì¥Â·íì¼ì¦. ìëë² ë¦¬ë H1N1ì ëí ì§ì íë°ì´ë¬ì¤ í¨ê³¼ ì ì¦. ë¹ë² 리ë ë§ë§ ë¡ëì ì¬ìì ëì ì¼ê° ìë ¥ ê°ì . ì½ë¼ê² ìì í(모ì¸íê´ ë²½).', 1046 mechanism_en: 'Potent radical scavenging; activate eNOS and PPAR for vasodilation and anti-inflammation. Elderberry shows direct antiviral activity against H1N1. Bilberry aids rhodopsin regeneration for night vision. Stabilizes collagen in capillary walls.', 1047 sources_ko: 'ë¹ë² 리·ë¸ë£¨ë² 리·ìëë² ë¦¬ (ìµê³ ëë), ë¸ë커ë°í¸Â·ìë¡ëì·체리·í¬ë ê»ì§Â·ê°ì§', 1048 sources_en: 'Bilberry, blueberry, elderberry (highest), blackcurrant, aronia, cherry, grape skin, eggplant', 1049 cautions_ko: 'ìëë² ë¦¬ ìê³¼ë ë ì± â ê°ì´ íì. íìê³ ì ì ë³ì©ì 주ì. ë©´ììµì ì ë³µì©ì ìëë² ë¦¬ í¼í ê².', 1050 cautions_en: 'Raw elderberry is toxic â must be cooked. Caution with anticoagulants. Avoid elderberry on immunosuppressants (immune stimulation).', 1051 research: [ 1052 { 1053 title_ko: 'Tiralongo et al. (Nutrients 2016) â ìëë² ë¦¬ ê°ê¸°Â·ì¸í루ìì RCT', 1054 title_en: 'Tiralongo et al. (Nutrients 2016) â Elderberry for cold and flu RCT', 1055 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27023596/' 1056 }, 1057 { 1058 title_ko: 'Kalt et al. (Adv Nutr 2020) â ë¸ë£¨ë² 리 ê±´ê°í¨ê³¼ 리뷰', 1059 title_en: 'Kalt et al. (Adv Nutr 2020) â Recent research on health benefits of blueberries', 1060 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31329250/' 1061 }, 1062 { 1063 title_ko: 'Riva et al. (Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2017) â ë¹ë² 리 ë í¼ë¡ RCT', 1064 title_en: 'Riva et al. (Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2017) â Bilberry for computer eye fatigue', 1065 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Riva+bilberry+eye+fatigue' 1066 }, 1067 { 1068 title_ko: 'Krikorian et al. (J Agric Food Chem 2010) â ë¸ë£¨ë² 리 ë ¸ì¸ ì¸ì§ RCT', 1069 title_en: 'Krikorian et al. (J Agric Food Chem 2010) â Blueberry improves memory in older adults', 1070 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20047325/' 1071 } 1072 ] 1073 }, 1074 { 1075 id: 'pqq', 1076 category: 'antioxidant', 1077 rank: 11, 1078 name_ko: 'PQQ (í¼ë¡¤ë¡í´ë린 í´ë ¼)', 1079 name_en: 'PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)', 1080 icon: 'ð§¬', 1081 brief_ko: '미í ì½ë리ì ìì±ì ìê·¹íë ì ì¼í ììì â ì°¨ì¸ë ë ¸í ë°©ì§', 1082 brief_en: 'Only nutrient that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis â next-generation anti-aging', 1083 dose_ko: '10-40mg/ì¼ (CoQ10ê³¼ ë³ì© ê¶ì¥)', 1084 dose_en: '10-40 mg/day (best combined with CoQ10)', 1085 benefits_ko: [ 1086 '미í ì½ë리ì ì ì(biogenesis) ìê·¹', 1087 'í¼ë¡Â·ìëì§ ìì¤ ê°ì ', 1088 'ìë©´ì ì§Â·ì ë¦ ìê° ë¨ì¶', 1089 '기ìµÂ·ì¸ì§ ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì (ë ¸ì¸ RCT)', 1090 'ì ê²½ë³´í¸ (ëê²½ì·íí¨ì¨ 모ë¸)', 1091 'ì¬íê´ ì¼ì¦ ì§í ê°ì (CRPâ)' 1092 ], 1093 benefits_en: [ 1094 'Stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis', 1095 'Reduces fatigue and increases energy', 1096 'Improves sleep quality and reduces sleep latency', 1097 'Improves memory and cognition (elderly RCTs)', 1098 'Neuroprotection (stroke and Parkinson\'s models)', 1099 'Reduces cardiovascular inflammation markers (CRPâ)' 1100 ], 1101 mechanism_ko: 'PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2, TFAM íì±íë¡ ë¯¸í ì½ë리ì ì ì ì§ì ìê·¹. ì¸í¬ ë´ CAMP ê²½ë¡Â·cAMP ë°ìì± ê²°í©ìì(CREB) íì±í. í´ë ¼ 구조ì ê°ë ¥í íì°í í¨ê³¼(ë¹í민Cì 5000ë°° ì ì ìí ê°ë¥). ì ê²½ì±ì¥ì¸ì(NGF) ì¦ê°.', 1102 mechanism_en: 'Activates PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2, and TFAM to directly stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Activates cellular cAMP and CREB pathways. Quinone structure provides potent antioxidant activity (can cycle 5000à more than vitamin C). Increases nerve growth factor (NGF).', 1103 sources_ko: 'ë«í (ê°ì¥ íë¶), íì¬ë¦¬Â·í¼ë§Â·ííì¼, ë ¹ì°¨, 모ì (ë³´ì¶©ì ë¡ ì»ë ì©ëì ìì´ë§ì¼ë¡ ë¶ì¶©ë¶)', 1104 sources_en: 'Natto (richest), parsley, bell pepper, papaya, green tea, breast milk (diet alone rarely reaches supplemental dose)', 1105 cautions_ko: 'ìëì ì¼ë¡ ì ê· â ì¥ê¸° ìì ì± ë°ì´í° ì íì . ê³ ì©ë(>60mg)ìì ì ê¸°ë¥ ì´ë¡ ì ì°ë ¤. ìì ·ìì ìì ì± ë¯¸íì .', 1106 cautions_en: 'Relatively new â limited long-term safety data. Theoretical renal concern at high doses (>60 mg). Safety in pregnancy/lactation unestablished.', 1107 research: [ 1108 {
1109 title_ko: 'Nakano et al. (Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2012) â PQQ ì¸ì§ê¸°ë¥ RCT', 1110 title_en: 'Nakano et al. (Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2012) â PQQ improves cognitive function', 1111 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nakano+PQQ+cognitive+function' 1112 }, 1113 { 1114 title_ko: 'Chowanadisai et al. (J Biol Chem 2010) â PQQ 미í ì½ë리ì ì ì ìì¡° ë ¼ë¬¸', 1115 title_en: 'Chowanadisai et al. (J Biol Chem 2010) â PQQ stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis', 1116 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19861415/' 1117 }, 1118 { 1119 title_ko: 'Harris et al. (J Nutr Biochem 2013) â PQQ ëì¬Â·íì¼ì¦ RCT', 1120 title_en: 'Harris et al. (J Nutr Biochem 2013) â PQQ improves mitochondrial function in humans', 1121 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23782706/' 1122 } 1123 ] 1124 }, 1125 { 1126 id: 'nac', 1127 category: 'antioxidant', 1128 rank: 12, 1129 name_ko: 'N-ìì¸í¸ìì¤í ì¸ (NAC)', 1130 name_en: 'N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC)', 1131 icon: 'ð§ª', 1132 brief_ko: 'ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ ì 구체·ìê¸ì¤ ìì¸í¸ìë¯¸ë ¸í í´ë ì â FDA ê³µì¸ ì½ë¬¼', 1133 brief_en: 'Glutathione precursor and ER acetaminophen antidote â FDA-approved drug', 1134 dose_ko: '600-1800mg/ì¼ (ë¶í ë³µì©), COPD·ë¤ëì± ëì 1800mg', 1135 dose_en: '600-1800 mg/day in divided doses, 1800 mg for COPD and PCOS', 1136 benefits_ko: [ 1137 'ìì¸í¸ìë¯¸ë ¸í ë ì± í´ë (ìê¸ì¤ íì¤)', 1138 'COPD ì í ë¹ë ê°ì (ì ì¡ ì©í´)', 1139 'ê°ë°ì¥ì ·ë°ëª¨ë²½ ê°ì ', 1140 'ë¤ëì± ëìì¦íêµ°(PCOS) ë°°ë ê°ì ', 1141 'ê° ê¸°ë¥ ê°ì (NAFLD)', 1142 'ë¶ì ë¨ì± ì ì ì§ ê°ì ' 1143 ], 1144 benefits_en: [ 1145 'Acetaminophen toxicity antidote (ER standard of care)', 1146 'Reduces COPD exacerbations (mucolytic)', 1147 'Improves OCD and trichotillomania', 1148 'Improves ovulation in PCOS', 1149 'Improves liver function (NAFLD)', 1150 'Improves sperm quality in infertile men' 1151 ], 1152 mechanism_ko: 'ìì¤í ì¸ì N-ìì¸í¸ ì ëì²´ë¡ ê¸ë£¨íì¹ì¨ í©ì±ìì ìëì í ë¨ê³ ê³µê¸. ì´í©í ê²°í©ì íê´´í´ ì ì¡ì ì¡í(ì ì¡ì©í´ì ). ëìì ê¸ë£¨íì° ì¡°ì ë¡ ê°ë°ì± íë ê°ì. íê´ ë´í¼ NO ì´ì©ì± ì¦ê°.', 1153 mechanism_en: 'N-acetyl derivative of cysteine provides the rate-limiting substrate for glutathione synthesis. Breaks disulfide bonds in mucus, thinning secretions (mucolytic). Modulates brain glutamate to reduce compulsive behavior. Increases endothelial NO bioavailability.', 1154 sources_ko: 'NAC ìì²´ë ìì´ìì ì»ê¸° ì´ë ¤ì â ë§ë·ìí·ë¸ë¡ì½ë¦¬Â·ê³ë (ìì¤í ì¸ íë¶)ì´ ê°ì ê³µê¸', 1155 sources_en: 'NAC itself is not found in food â garlic, onion, broccoli, eggs (rich in cysteine) provide the precursor', 1156 cautions_ko: 'ì²ì íììì 기ê´ì§ê²½ë ¨ ëë¬¼ê² ë³´ê³ . ëí¸ë¡ê¸ë¦¬ì¸ë¦°ê³¼ ë³ì©ì ì íì·ëíµ â. ì í© ëì (ìì¥ ë¶ìì© ê°ë¥). FDA 2020ë ì¼ìì ê·ì í ë³µì.', 1157 cautions_en: 'Rare bronchospasm in asthmatics. Potentiates nitroglycerin (hypotension, headache). Sulfur odor (GI side effects possible). Briefly restricted by FDA in 2020, then restored.', 1158 research: [ 1159 { 1160 title_ko: 'Prescott et al. (BMJ 1979) â NAC ìì¸í¸ìë¯¸ë ¸í í´ë ìì¡° ë ¼ë¬¸', 1161 title_en: 'Prescott et al. (BMJ 1979) â NAC for acetaminophen poisoning landmark study', 1162 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/435753/' 1163 }, 1164 { 1165 title_ko: 'Cazzola et al. (Eur Respir Rev 2015) â NAC COPD ë©í', 1166 title_en: 'Cazzola et al. (Eur Respir Rev 2015) â NAC for COPD exacerbations meta-analysis', 1167 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26324807/' 1168 }, 1169 { 1170 title_ko: 'Grant et al. (Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009) â NAC ë°ëª¨ë²½ RCT', 1171 title_en: 'Grant et al. (Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009) â NAC for trichotillomania RCT', 1172 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19581567/' 1173 }, 1174 { 1175 title_ko: 'Thakker et al. (Obstet Gynecol Int 2015) â NAC PCOS ë©í', 1176 title_en: 'Thakker et al. (Obstet Gynecol Int 2015) â NAC for PCOS meta-analysis', 1177 url: 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25653680/' 1178 } 1179 ] 1180 } 1181]; 1182 1183if (typeof window !== 'undefined') window.NUTRIENTS_AMINOS_ANTIOX = NUTRIENTS_AMINOS_ANTIOX;
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