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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1c:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.1d:T882,"])</script>
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Decarbonization and carbon removal remain essential, but neither can cool the planet fast enough to shorten dangerous overshoot in the coming decades. \\n\\nSunlight reflection methods, including stratospheric aerosol injection, may be the only tools capable of near-term cooling—but we lack the data to judge whether they reduce risk or create new ones. Avoiding research doesn’t avoid decisions; it delays them until crisis. The real choice is not action versus restraint, but ignorance versus evidence. 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He has over 30 years of leadership experience across disparate fields. From 2013 to 2024 he led the Gates Foundation’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene program, bringing new ways to deliver sustainable sanitation to the over 3.5 billion people who lacked them. Brian was Corporate Vice President at Microsoft Corporation from 2000-2010, leading an international portfolio of research and development projects. 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He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Cornell University and a Cornell Atkinson Faculty Fellow. Daniele earned his Ph.D. with honors in Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, an M.S. in Physics, and a B.S. in Physics from the University of L'Aquila in Italy. 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Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-effects-of-sai?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"552dbb680912\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"10/01/2025\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"e76e9c6fd7b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b155231b278\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected eight grantee teams to research a wide-ranging set of areas related to high-latitude deployment of SAI. The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. These data will be made publicly available on the Reflective \"},{\"_key\":\"a73464e85afa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d172fe1c2eba\"],\"text\":\"Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"b543f04055c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d172fe1c2eba\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5eb4aeb59032\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Currently, most SAI modeling assumes deployment at altitudes above 20 km—for instance, the ARISE-SAI scenario involves injections at ~22km. However, a fleet of aircraft capable of reaching these altitudes does not currently exist. The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? Is there a threshold—during a gradual ramp-up (not exceeding current warming rates)—at which negative impacts necessitate higher-altitude, lower-latitude deployment via specialized aircraft? When might this occur?\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"769515ba678f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b039be04aafa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Surface Impacts: Are there specific surface impacts (e.g., air quality, atmospheric chemistry, water availability/quality, permafrost thaw, temperature extremes, ecosystem changes, food security, etc.) that would need to be monitored, or researched more in depth, as they represent a significant source of uncertainties for high-latitude/low-altitude deployments?\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"981615e8315b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3ef43653f654\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"adb36a1e938b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grantees\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with countries with Funded Groups shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-90fab75c25f8d987e68e8fa05ec7711cbf339b2b-984x520-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-impacts-and-tradeoffs\"}}
1],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Impacts and Tradeoffs of Simulated High-Latitude/Low-Altitude SAI Deployment (RE-1001)\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"87daee71eb63\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"8c937651a5f7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d6ebc85fa0b4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This project aims to reduce uncertainty in aerosol representation and radiative forcing in CESM2-WACCM by developing a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) that systematically varies aerosol and cloud microphysics parameters. Using machine learning emulators calibrated against observations and historical temperatures, the work integrates both bottom-up and top-down constraints to improve model fidelity and inform assessments of aerosol-based climate interventions. Information gained from the PPE will be foundational for many of Reflective’s research goals.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"grantees\":[{\"_key\":\"1ad6a5cb67ba\",\"_type\":\"grantee\",\"researchers\":[{\"_key\":\"92b72eb089b1\",\"_type\":\"researcher\",\"affiliation\":\"Associate research scientist\",\"name\":\"Hunter Brown\"},{\"_key\":\"a68cca739ad8\",\"_type\":\"researcher\",\"affiliation\":\"Managing faculty\",\"name\":\"Daniel McCoy\"}],\"title\":\"University of Wyoming\"}],\"showStatus\":false,\"title\":\"Uncertainty Quantification and Reduction in Stratospheric Aerosol Forcing in WACCM\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"e34f012824d2\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"89d7e0b36772\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c31346072d74\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"In early 2025, proposed funding cuts were already affecting the people and programs critical to understanding atmospheric chemistry. Uncertainty and reductions in support were forcing talented scientists to leave the field. Losing experts from organizations like NOAA’s Chemical Sciences Laboratory would set back efforts to understand chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere, increase uncertainties in future climate projections, and limit our ability to prepare for extreme weather and public health risks.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"15efb6097fa5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"44685027d324\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We set up a fellowship program to help ensure continuity for key contributors to government research and monitoring programs, allowing them to continue their efforts to better understand the atmosphere without disruption.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"042aa28de260\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://open.substack.com/pub/reflectiveclimate/p/ensuring-continuity-for-atmospheric?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Federal Response Fellowships\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"b3415dcc0bea\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"e8a249cff0fc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06b743da2bf0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Between May - July 2025, Reflective commissioned a trade study to review existing aircraft capabilities (including max altitude, payload capacity, and range) and engineering modifications needed for high-altitude operation (15 km+). A total of 20 aircraft were assessed with 3 modification pathways studied.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"grantees\":[{\"_key\":\"d0ea4f2cd960\",\"_type\":\"grantee\",\"title\":\"Aerospace Testing Engineering Certification (AeroTEC)\"}],\"showStatus\":false,\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Preliminary Aircraft and Engineering Trade Study\",\"visibility\":false},{\"_key\":\"bcc1cb940933\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"471f31c5a1f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"289f58ca105f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective supported Jeremy Irvin, a PhD candidate in Andrew Ng’s lab at Stanford, to develop a v1.0 SAI emulator. 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Climate models have shown that sunlight reflection, when combined with emissions reductions, has meaningful potential to reduce near-term climate impacts. Despite theoretical reasons for optimism, we still lack enough evidence and data to make a robust scientifically-informed decision about the potential impact of deployment. Our mission is to answer those questions to understand the potential impacts of SRM and if/how we could use it responsibly.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is sunlight reflection? Is it safe?\"},{\"_key\":\"0c7eed20fedc\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"22b09c21ddd1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9ee6187d0bfa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. SAI is not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. SAI does not address the root cause of anthropogenic climate change—the buildup of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), which persist for centuries, driving long-term warming, ocean acidification, and changes in extreme weather and climate. SAI may temporarily lower temperatures, but reducing greenhouse gas emissions significantly and quickly is essential for lasting climate stability and environmental health.\\n\\nSAI is not intended to provide a comprehensive solution to climate change, but it might allow the necessary time for more permanent climate solutions and decarbonization to take hold.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Is SAI a replacement for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?\"},{\"_key\":\"9f3a3e5260a8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0a4845de13fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"39cd9f6daed5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. Reflective supports expanding research in areas necessary for making informed decisions on whether and how to responsibly deploy SAI, when that time comes. We do not advocate for or against deployment, only providing the scientific evidence to supp
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These include\"},{\"_key\":\"e1e0ffe75391\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b54a1d1b9e20\"],\"text\":\" our Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"09b8c2aa92ac\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", an interactive cloud computing platform to support open, collaborative science for the SAI research community, and our \"},{\"_key\":\"5bd6342bd99d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"da24e2aa91c3\"],\"text\":\"SAI Simulator\"},{\"_key\":\"974c24852f7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" that provides a fast, interactive way to explore the climate effects of different SAI deployment scenarios and compare them to the impacts of continued warming.\\n\\nWe also publish \"},{\"_key\":\"04bf9e1391ad\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b9a930ef4bf0\"],\"text\":\"the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"8ef6001d7788\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources for SAI. The Roadmap, along with our \"},{\"_key\":\"732f0e7ba8a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"0b60298bc932\"],\"text\":\"Uncertainty Database\"},{\"_key\":\"78f9b510ccec\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", identifies the most valuable and timely questions and the research required to reduce/resolve those uncertainties for responsible decision making on SAI.\\n\\nReflective also \"},{\"_key\":\"2f1c24a62b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"664adfa4b3f6\"],\"text\":\"funds research projects\"},{\"_key\":\"a8e9ad5ce970\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" around the globe that align with the priorities of the SAI Research Roadmap.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b54a1d1b9e20\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"da24e2aa91c3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://simulator.reflective.org/?var=tas\u0026spatial_agg=WGI+Reference\u0026decade_visualization=2091-2100\u0026ssp_scenario=SSP2-4.5\u0026temp_target=1.5\u0026start_year=2035\u0026ramp_up=10\"},{\"_key\":\"b9a930ef4bf0\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"0b60298bc932\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://uncertainties.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"664adfa4b3f6\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/research/funding-opportunities\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What kinds of research and projects does Reflective fund?\"},{\"_key\":\"94813c53114d\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"ffc00ceb38ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240be8778c8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed method to reflect incoming sunlight. SAI, which would involve distributing reflective aerosols, such as sulfates, in the lower stratosphere. These aerosols will reflect some sunlight into space, thereby decreasing the amount of heat that reaches the Earth. The idea is inspired by volcanic eruptions, which naturally send particles into the atmosphere, temporarily cooling the Earth.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)?\"},{\"_key\":\"5083651ca23b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"3113351b9f02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"115e90f6a545\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"$31\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Why are you focused only on stratospheric aerosols?\"},{\"_key\":\"b72dc43a67c0\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0710681fa4c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"559d02f7581c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The \"},{\"_key\":\"baa515d1e82b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"25eaf7df7b29\"],\"text\":\"SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"acde9c09d756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" is a first-of-its-kind plan for the field, intended to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources to build the evidence base needed for responsible decision making on SAI. It provides a plan for the technical research needed to determine whether SAI is a tool the world could ever use responsibly to reduce global temperatures.\\n\\nThe Roadmap is built for policymakers, funders, and scientists, and shows how the field can narrow the most consequential scientific uncertainties step by step: from how reflective particles behave in the stratosphere to how different SAI strategies might affect the global climate. Research activities include a scientific justification, scope of work, estimated cost, and timeline, so funding and effort can be directed to the most valuable and timely questions.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"25eaf7df7b29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is the SAI Research Roadmap?\"},{\"_key\":\"796a32db4d4b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"d1e3f9de8084\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28edc7b7657c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective is a nonprofit, funded entirely by grants or donations from a number of leading philanthropies focused on addressing climate change. We do not accept anonymous donations and transparently post a full list of our donors on our website. We also do not accept donations from corporations, foundations, or individuals if the majority of their current profits or wealth come from the fossil fuel industry unless they can clearly demonstrate that they do not have a conflict of interest and present a strong track record of supporting efforts to address anthropogenic climate change.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How is Reflective funded?\"},{\"_key\":\"5a269b524bf8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"8e0307db23a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"693a7b05fe15\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"dcfa69f39fb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d34f972a2259\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"ca939b2b1bb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or reach out to us from our \"},{\"_key\":\"44715ba36ae8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc940ec51b26\"],\"text\":\"contact\"},{\"_key\":\"f4d3f581e2a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" page.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d34f972a2259\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fc940ec51b26\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"/contact\"}
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.3e:T882,"])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.61:T882,"])</script>
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We're committed to expanding the perspectives, areas of expertise and regions involved in this research.\",\"heading\":\"Funding Opportunities\",\"layout\":\"column\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"5a115a5a9f67\",\"_type\":\"tabs\",\"tabs\":[{\"_key\":\"6c874c4babcf\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#e1cbba\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":26.153846153846146,\"l\":0.8058823529411765,\"s\":0.3939393939393939},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":26.153846153846146,\"s\":0.17333333333333334,\"v\":0.8823529411764706},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":186,\"g\":203,\"r\":225}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"7b531725df15\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"2bde9e44478b\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Opportunity ID\",\"value\":\"RE-1002\"},{\"_key\":\"b5cc25a44889\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Total Funding Available\",\"value\":\"$$1,500,000\"},{\"_key\":\"6fa62449b7e4\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Maximum Funding Per Award\",\"value\":\"$$150,000\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"04db8982492b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"59e68d61af36\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective’s mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make timely, informed decisions about stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"b20a88cea700\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"acdf19b96a1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2dbabd59f08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e96686bda053\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d5380d322fa7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s 7th Assessment Report is in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. 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Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-effects-of-sai?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"552dbb680912\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"10/01/2025\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"e76e9c6fd7b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b155231b278\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected eight grantee teams to research a wide-ranging set of areas related to high-latitude deployment of SAI. The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. These data will be made publicly available on the Reflective \"},{\"_key\":\"a73464e85afa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d172fe1c2eba\"],\"text\":\"Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"b543f04055c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d172fe1c2eba\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5eb4aeb59032\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Currently, most SAI modeling assumes deployment at altitudes above 20 km—for instance, the ARISE-SAI scenario involves injections at ~22km. However, a fleet of aircraft capable of reaching these altitudes does not currently exist. The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? Is there a threshold—during a gradual ramp-up (not exceeding current warming rates)—at which negative impacts necessitate higher-altitude, lower-latitude deployment via specialized aircraft? 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1],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Impacts and Tradeoffs of Simulated High-Latitude/Low-Altitude SAI Deployment (RE-1001)\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"87daee71eb63\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"8c937651a5f7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d6ebc85fa0b4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This project aims to reduce uncertainty in aerosol representation and radiative forcing in CESM2-WACCM by developing a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) that systematically varies aerosol and cloud microphysics parameters. Using machine learning emulators calibrated against observations and historical temperatures, the work integrates both bottom-up and top-down constraints to improve model fidelity and inform assessments of aerosol-based climate interventions. 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In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"b20a88cea700\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"acdf19b96a1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2dbabd59f08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e96686bda053\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d5380d322fa7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s 7th Assessment Report is in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. This RFP is intended to expand the evidence base by supporting \"},{\"_key\":\"be9850d2be7c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"fast-paced research \"},{\"_key\":\"e08f7aaaf9c5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"that can be completed – and submitted for publication – within this timeline.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-03-02\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"Application\",\"issueDate\":\"2026-02-02\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"3389382d53d5\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-21T18:21:54Z\",\"_id\":\"348a69eb-648f-4b3a-a43a-82fc75ffab79\",\"_rev\":\"M7woOCHH1NDuICF5GKAept\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"348a69eb-648f-4b3a-a43a-82fc75ffab79\",\"rev\":\"NKxnQ9uMAwwqLJqdK1fuM1\"}},\"_type\":\"rfp\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-02-19T18:49:21Z\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#858f6a\"},\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"d83b658d9cb4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c457a90d412e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Request for Proposals (RFP) ID: RE-1002\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"67707b6c1f36\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e99c820b7086\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"_key\":\"1629fffc777e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Please submit your proposal through \"},{\"_key\":\"b1979de869f0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"41a094cc5729\"],\"text\":\"this\"},{\"_key\":\"691006368431\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" application form\"},{\"_key\":\"e7b75c63014c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"b8e0b5fd8be7\"],\"text\":\".\"},{\"_key\":\"7a3533639f32\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" You may download a PDF version of this \"},{\"_key\":\"55a0e0b56ac6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"c1b1ce5377f7\"],\"text\":\"RFP here\"},{\"_key\":\"a176d25c8a08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". For any questions, please review the\"},{\"_key\":\"1bd85d942ffb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"e5980214f150\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b8fc1f0e8887\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"0cd21b160063\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"39633a054341\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"before submitting your question via\"},{\"_key\":\"32a9bf5690bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"020d0bd88fdd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"42e00aa2bb18\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"b48cd814c9f4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". \"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b8fc1f0e8887\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"},{\"_key\":\"42e00aa2bb18\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"c1b1ce5377f7\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T35wD-dUe
1EEgjkUBhj6tCx_h5nsXBdch/view?usp=sharing\"},{\"_key\":\"b8e0b5fd8be7\",\"_type\":\"link\"},{\"_key\":\"41a094cc5729\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"221b42fed0dd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e33d154f77bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Key Dates\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"9a286dedb034\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"24bf0ab0d22d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"RFP Issue Date\",\"Mon February 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"08eb64397f2d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Live Q\u0026A Session\",\"Wed February 18, 2026 (8:15am PT)\"]},{\"_key\":\"1622f4dabf8d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"Mon March 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"a0f10eacae01\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Date of Proposal Outcome Notifications\",\"Week of April 13, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"628070ce1df2\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Grant Start Date\",\"Mon May 4, 2026\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"5b99e696ede8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"02fdcf577ee4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Funding Opportunity Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"be39d0fae213\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3c7c5ee4b70a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Background\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"732fe1b0f0a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"57897bcc2ee8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective’s mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make timely, informed decisions about stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"a82fbc3a313c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1a070949b520\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2cf28815139\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report is now in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. It is therefore critical that the authors have access to the broadest and most robust evidence base possible. This RFP is intended to expand that evidence base by supporting \"},{\"_key\":\"7529488e7c35\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"fast-paced research \"},{\"_key\":\"7b125917b99f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"that can be completed – and submitted for publication – within this timeline.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a607803a0c90\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c92b16ffa171\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1: Tipping Points\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"89ae06110473\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"518183d5543c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Tipping points in the earth system represent major risks to human welfare (\"},{\"_key\":\"b94f902973bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"496b8e3cc7df\"],\"text\":\"Lenton et al., 2019\"},{\"_key\":\"62f0e4c79316\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", \"},{\"_key\":\"0e66f9886773\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"76c04dfc8c73\"],\"text\":\"Armstrong-McKay et al., 2022\"},{\"_key\":\"9ca255e954a5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). For example, a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would cause abrupt and large climate shifts, including cooling in Northern Europe and disruption to tropical precipitation, threatening global food security (\"},{\"_key\":\"01ffca0c0e9e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"3a5d37e934d1\"],\"text\":\"Ritchie et al., 2020\"},{\"_key\":\"d813381c35ce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). Sunlight reflection interventions have been shown to reduce the changes in drivers of many tipping elements (\"},{\"_key\":\"bcd7d9825d67\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b8421900974d\"],\"text\":\"Zhao et al., 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"d00e583f00c0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), but research on the interaction of tipping with SAI is limited and large uncertainties remain.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"496b8e3cc7df\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03595-0\"},{\"_key\":\"76c04dfc8c73\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950\"},{\"_key\":\"3a5d37e934d1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-019-0011-3\"},{\"_key\":\"b8421900974d\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025EF006736\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca342f3614ea\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83099b18d35e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The limited research on interactions between SAI and tipping elements is a problem because SAI has several characteristics which could drive novel responses from tipping elements, including:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7b442f556c23\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"712d12eea298\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Altering global mean temperature while leaving atmospheric CO₂ concentrations largely unchanged\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"13ac5a88b6f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1042b05a4ec7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Producing scenario-dependent meridional temperature gradients and regional climate responses\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c9397a793c64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5fe9132291c0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Introducing novel temporal pathways of temperature change, including non-monotonic trajectories, and rapid rates of change (such as abrupt warming following termination)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"afc81ef26814\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eccd23b391e0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reducing direct sunlight and UV radiation, while increasing diffuse radiation\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ba89b459bc3d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"558ebd509212\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"063e2bb7ec0b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3f0a1649265\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Because of these features, the non-linear phenomena which drive tipping dynamics may respond differently to SAI than to greenhouse gas forced change, and may vary across different SAI implementation scenarios.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e593f8df8323\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"624e31205cd8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"31938ad4d7ab\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"dc8de1bb576a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2: Climate Impacts\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d6b6b2a4690c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c1648d0cbd21\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate impacts refer to the consequences of climate change for human and natural systems, including food security, human health, ecosystem responses, infrastru
1cture and economic activity. While there has been significant research into climate impacts under SAI, comprehensive assessments remain limited. In many cases, we also lack a detailed understanding of how impacts vary with SAI strategy and of the relative contributions of different sources of uncertainty.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66292297155f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"81acb376dfc1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"0e52f31027cb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3d02cf69288\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We seek proposals which address one or both of two topics: first, how SAI interacts with tipping elements and may increase or reduce the risk of abrupt or irreversible changes in the climate system; and second, how SAI affects climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"30646a9cd20b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6af8b9150311\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Across both topics, we will prioritize research that delivers one or both of the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3dd92a461243\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"45c13a210678\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"802568928108\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c3993e12cf38\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"35fd85c51f77\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"6e3c4c753267\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"340c079da5ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06d897b5b91a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We welcome proposals that replicate, extend, or stress-test recent studies, particularly where newer SAI simulations or alternative injection strategies allow deeper insight.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"033913491a5c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9e2e47126321\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Proposed studies should produce one or more of the following outputs:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8d0300eb5701\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"acf56afcea81\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1: Tipping Points\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"98a39762e798\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"657b1ef01c55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Understanding of the causal effects on tipping elements of the specific set of driving conditions expected under SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"65f6656bfc02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0271298c788b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantification of the scenario, injection strategy, and model dependence of SAI’s effects on tipping risks.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"eb375f73398c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"32a438bad9c7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Assessment of the path dependence — or hysteresis — of tipping point responses to SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9b773b5022d9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea2023c36e55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Expansion of the existing evidence base to include new SAI-tipping interactions.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8e041ff2733b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e9a3f1445d69\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals could address any earth system tipping elements – see the \"},{\"_key\":\"17fb358573cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"13610c710eed\"],\"text\":\"2025 Global Tipping Points Report\"},{\"_key\":\"8d077953fb82\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or \"},{\"_key\":\"3f36d72b9871\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"991e4175004c\"],\"text\":\"Armstrong-McKay et al., (2022\"}
1,{\"_key\":\"60ceb255a1b8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for examples. Priority will be given to proposals which target tipping elements with global impacts, near-term urgency (i.e. low temperature thresholds and/or short timescales), or dynamics which suggest the response to SAI might differ substantially from the response to greenhouse-gas driven temperature change\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"13610c710eed\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://global-tipping-points.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"991e4175004c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5f998c6fd0d9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ab7212140f7d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Examples of projects which would be well aligned with this opportunity include:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6cb71a647f11\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"93f9fd708d96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A holistic assessment of the response of tipping drivers to SAI (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"b93805268766\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"5498356398e2\"],\"text\":\"Zhao et al., 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"5cc8da881713\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), using recent GeoMIP simulations to address inter-model uncertainty\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"5498356398e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025EF006736\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7686eb608368\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6de3e6a10254\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Idealized modeling of AMOC dynamics, used to understand the path and scenario dependence in its response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1632c2da935c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"85d83c25a026\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"An assessment of the multi-model range in drivers of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse across SAI simulations, exploring mechanisms underlying inter-model differences\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d8c340bc5d52\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5ebf4c6759d7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Driving vegetation models with earth system model forcings to effects of the unique combination of temperature, CO2 concentration, and direct/diffuse radiative fluxes under SAI on case study ecosystems, such as the Amazon or Boreal forests\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ab74c84cadee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"672d269f69fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2: Climate Impacts\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6d59505761a9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5cd4b70bcdbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantitative, global assessments of the effect of SAI on a critical climate impact or set of impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"69e0743c16d0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9cd1d936ee93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Mechanistic, process-level understanding of how SAI drives changes in one or more climate impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8d6784342785\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"348d5933aa8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Insight into how and why the response of one or more climate responses are expected to vary depending on injection strategy and magnitude.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"57c54d552866\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea47e98e8ff6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Expansion of existing research to include assessment of scenario and model uncertainty\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8c5d35dd245e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06c08bd140e0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantification of the contributions of different drivers of uncertainty in climate impacts under SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a9e039bddb3a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8f6c0ccebf10\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Examples of projects which w
1ould be well aligned with this opportunity include:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6ec98e0c6f5b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbd229c6b541\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Globally comprehensive assessments of the SAI’s effects on:\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"27a9aa0a7a92\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"07de69053b18\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Temperature-driven mortality and extreme heat exposure\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d3084ca0eaaa\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"84cfa2ae001e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Air pollution impacts on human health\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d7575d7b2b37\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"22aa72af527b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Human health impacts of shortwave radiation changes\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d3c2a1872e22\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"12252b416ba6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Assessment of global and regional sea level rise (thermosteric and dynamic) under SAI, in a multi-model setting (e.g. in G6-1.5K-SAI simulations) or including land ice contributions\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"16f0b9630edc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d63d21e9f156\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A meta-analysis, synthesizing evidence on the response of monsoons to SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3fefaf916219\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6a05e90df96b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Methods\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"e8437fabc0b4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"38ac68f6f74d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We welcome a variety of methodological approaches, including (but not limited to):\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b8e4e45e4403\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6b56f5a6c5d4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Analysis of Earth System Model (ESM) simulations, such as the recent GeoMIP G6-1.5K-SAI and G6-1.5K-HiLLA experiments\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e0679a6fb52e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea7e15abcae0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Domain-specific (offline) models, such as crop models and ice sheet models\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"72c88631adf3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d4de79a4c17a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Idealized models of tipping dynamics and reduced complexity climate models\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"87585c7ed9ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"896edfb72b5d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Meta-analyses and review papers synthesizing multiple lines of evidence to provide new insights\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"80e3b7bc68ea\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3aab286bab96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"SAI simulations\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"4d8ad409b31c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"952632723a4c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"All grantees will be welcome to use the Reflective Cloud to access SAI simulations and run analysis. This is a new community Jupyter Notebook platform developed by Reflective, and open to any SRM researchers (not just Reflective grantees), which provides free compute resources on AWS alongside a curated archive of SAI simulations (see below). Data from the recent G6-1.5K-SAI and G6-1.5K-HiLLA experiment are available on AWS via the Reflective Cloud, and this archive will be expanded to facilitate grantee requests where possible.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fc765ae44d9e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bdcaa90a205d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Eligibility\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"028cf1b13142\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d1c6ef977f5d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant is open to academic institutions, non-profits, government-affiliated organizations, and similar groups. Individual researchers with appropriate resources may also apply.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8dffaec9ebe2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1ac0d39a114e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"There are no restrictions on country of origin, and projects from the Global South are highly encouraged.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"36a5cee04dff\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0d285a774a14\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Only one application may be submitted by the same research group or PI + co-PIs. Multiple applications may be received from the same institution from different research groups within said organization.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"54b6164da5ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5180397b6aff\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals with experts across different disciplines and/or organizations are encouraged.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2c5a32037640\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"60712a3bab71\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For-profit organizations are eligible to apply as either a prime or sub-contractor, and must follow the same open-access guidelines as other organizations.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a290880f4d5f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240444fccdca\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Process\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"c8fd595354a6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7d0122907192\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If you have any questions, you may submit your question via \"},{\"_key\":\"a2d6226c1b59\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"113e783974aa\"],\"text\":\"this Q\u0026A form\"},{\"_key\":\"86d9beddeda2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or attend a live Q\u0026A session from 8:15am - 9:15am PST on Wednesday, February 18th, 2026. Please register for the Q\u0026A session \"},{\"_key\":\"7d2015eabc41\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b65501f44a3a\"],\"text\":\"here\"},{\"_key\":\"d9f20e96d476\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"113e783974aa\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"b65501f44a3a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://zoom.us/meeting/register/GoJc2L3MQCGi3jgGfTb8Lw\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2921f6051ce3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50883ed66249\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Submit a proposal by 11:59pm PST on Monday, March 2, 2026 using \"},{\"_key\":\"47abd3f3b64e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"778d77bb7635\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"0d6f75e12e27\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". A preview of application questions can be \"},{\"_key\":\"8bd0d89cb065\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e29952723523\"],\"text\":\"reviewed below\"},{\"_key\":\"16220cee142b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"778d77bb7635\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-app\"},{\"_key\":\"e29952723523\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/effects-of-sai-on-tipping-points-and-climate-impacts-rfp#application-content-requirements\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"060e9ae93e4f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b646f08dc642\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications will undergo an initial eligibility screening before being sent to our external reviewers for a thorough evaluation using \"},{\"_key\":\"d8c9b64b3c69\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"1ad28d4eed36\"],\"text\":\"the criteria outlined below\"},{\"_key\":\"5b0c7d8a78ee\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"1ad28d4eed36\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/effects-of-sai-on-tipping-points-and-climate-impacts-rfp#evaluation-criteria\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0f9d31f80775\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b11471d951d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Have someone in mind who would make a great peer reviewer for this proposal? Nominate them \"},{\"_key\":\"e0b0db1faa3d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"8c270728fe59\"],\"text\":\"here\"},{\"_key\":\"c18978a945c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"!\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"8c270728fe59\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/reviewer_nomination\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f98320b529ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a71d9c13a80b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We anticipate notifying applicants of the proposal outcome the week of April 13th, 2026 with an anticipated project start date of May 4, 2026.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c383d1e653dc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"30997600892f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"You may find our standard grant agreement template \"},{\"_key\":\"89fd2324b5d5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ec814e3af850\"],\"text\":\"via this link\"},{\"_key\":\"ac23f67be94f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"ec814e3af850\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mPl7-Sbb7zab2-kvlLn3zmOx7T1jXmQS/edit?usp=sharing\u0026ouid=113841098453488945048\u0026rtpof=true\u0026sd=true\"}
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To the extent possible, and where data is not already easily available by other routes, Reflective will facilitate access to needed model outputs by adding them to our archive stored on AWS associated with the Reflective cloud. We invite applicants to describe \"},{\"_key\":\"332c9170ccb0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6fd57b4717a2\"],\"text\":\"in the Application\"},{\"_key\":\"aa45b3169fce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" what use, if any, they would make of these simulations, and what outputs, including the desired variable and temporal resolution, they would need to support their research. If a particularly high data volume output is required, please briefly explain its necessity. If specific, limited, additional ESM simulations would be critical to a project, applicants are welcome to indicate this and Reflective will try to facilitate collaborations with modeling groups. 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This screening will include checks for the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3262dd7f91df\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9f3882960c92\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Eligible organization/institution type\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"525ab6240ec9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"657d420a94fe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within budget guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8eb27e0b82f0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ac20fb0ac30a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within project period of performance guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a777633c3248\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9f7ccf8ed379\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"High level check on alignment with RFP Goals\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"625ed390e7d5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"dad7ca1e85b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Peer Review Evaluation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"b6624e1c002d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6dec197feb36\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications that pass the eligibility screening will be evaluated by at least two peer reviewers with relevant areas of expertise, where possible. 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1,{\"_key\":\"4a2a22a5dd7a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4a20e8fb9fce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Feasibility and appropriateness of the proposed approach/methodology\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"eeefaee35eb2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"439e07b7ae16\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation of the reasonableness of the budget and timeline and whether the project team has the resources and capabilities needed to complete the work\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d91d54a7c1f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b05a6ccd5ac1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation will consider the balance of feasibility and novelty, and we encourage a more detailed risk management plan for any particularly high-risk projects.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8a8cfe1b31b1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b378ef8eb161\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Overall feedback\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fee4026d00a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50f813d325a0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Strengths of the proposal\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3eb5f61c164a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0c71eaddc912\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Potential weaknesses of the proposal\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b6ae935a5294\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"163f49757335\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Additional risks\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"627ba1fba55a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5137af1fd4df\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Application Content Requirements\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"b850d68ff699\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fa29c1b08a32\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Proposal Content\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"3cee70b154eb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1c02aab04f11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Each proposal must include the information outlined in this section. We strongly recommend using the section headers described below, but you may alter/modify this to suit the needs of your project. Proposals should be submitted in PDF format and have a max 5 pages including figures, data, and visuals. All text must be a minimum of 10 point font and margins should be at least 1 inch on all sides. References may extend beyond the 5 page limit.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a3ad53046be0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"60b2d869d4ed\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Abstract (~0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"149c827ed760\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3c851709517c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Include the project title, project duration, which topic this project aligns with, budget, and a brief description of the research goals and final deliverables.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a88a77f4e581\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"083da916566b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Technical Description (~2-3 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"97e77c49c003\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"46147f6e08d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals:\"},{\"_key\":\"0269c42250b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Explain in detail what your research goals are for this proposal and your motivation for pursuing them. Describe how this research will significantly advance our understanding of SAI’s interaction with tipping points and/or climate impacts and how it aligns with the RFP’s research goals.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9a9858bbfc57\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d9f64458e95e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Methodology:\"},{\"_key\":\"ff5674e930a4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Provide details on your intended methodology, including scientific rationale and/or references to support it. This should include an explanation of any existing simulations or data you intend on utilizing in y
1our research, if applicable.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7edc85bb4020\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"843deb4087ca\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Timeline \u0026 Milestones:\"},{\"_key\":\"970e70f91b9b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide an estimated timeline for the project, including specifics about when you expect to complete certain milestones.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5049aca8d7c4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7088a57ecbf6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Final Deliverables:\"},{\"_key\":\"d0d50c339842\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please describe the final deliverable(s) for your project.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c74e65a96005\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2d7d1c4a1ff0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: In the spirit of promoting open, faster science, we require grantees to pre-print immediately and to publish in open-access journals. We also encourage grantees to consider how else to disseminate results beyond journals and can provide direct technical support for building and maintaining “living data products” — continuously updated, openly accessible datasets and workflows that automatically incorporate new data and make scientific outputs easy for others to reuse and extend.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d22a46753a11\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0abb84858b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Risks \u0026 Mitigation Strategies:\"},{\"_key\":\"82430e2ff75f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please share any risks that could derail the timeline, budget, or ability to deliver the project deliverables and how you will mitigate said risks.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2843c95decb3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29dc8f545c96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend table format for this.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e4102d50d1fd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"65d6a11fc37d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 3: Project Team \u0026 Budget (~1-1.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"39a79655fba2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d63a9a5f02af\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Team:\"},{\"_key\":\"f3bfd1d0de7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Share the background of each project team member, their affiliation, and what they will contribute to the project. Where possible, please include some indication of how much time the person will commit (e.g. full-time, part-time, advisor etc.)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b056f28a0e50\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3942458aa829\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend doing this in table format\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3ad2b6ecff6c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50ef4364e989\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Resources:\"},{\"_key\":\"e625cd28690f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" ​​Please describe the resources, tools, software, and technology available to you/the team for this project.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76afbff66921\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"cb78497730fd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Budget Justification:\"},{\"_key\":\"bd6b4af0a7ee\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide narrative context on your budget workbook including details like how budget amounts were calculated and what travel/conferences are included and why.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6091c6adba66\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8da4e31f2dd0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 4: Current and Pending (\u003c0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"af689f6b5bc0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8d1614a32c78\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Current grants, including project goals, timelines, and any overlap with this proposal.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7e200a77e18c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4123d6ae6039\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Form Questions\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"4f1b3d2f53a4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5d2b92f393dd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is a copy of the application form to help you prepare your application materials in advance. The softw
1are we use will save a copy of your responses locally to your computer and browser, but we recommend preparing your responses beforehand in a separate document before submission. Questions marked with an asterisk are required.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ba3cad443cb7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41c71fe114b9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"33f66394cad7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d7a285a38ef3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Applicant Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5912d1168592\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c2be9b07bd11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Organization Type*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d33fd6b94bbd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eb96da9b6606\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"University/Academic 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Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c5118993c1b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ce6a48a5e4d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Primary Principal Investigator (PI) Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0e2143ac8843\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"419e38234fdb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI First Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ebc7223d6734\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a67b32d0932a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI Last Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a00403e2fe72\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3b6d44335efc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI Email Address*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3725ac3a19e1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a94d70b73a65\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"How did you hear about this funding opportunity?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ada0ff5867a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9b839a39660e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"What regions are represented on your project team?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c7f72c91e41d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"49a2284e8c5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Africa\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9c41f9fe93a8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"34e5d2f4ac99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Asia\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ead61288c31a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d024aabe31fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Europe\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"69e712bd906d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6a696a296f02\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Latin America \u0026 Caribbean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4a09573b4433\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f44f7e5909aa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"U.S./Canada\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"00ddcb09c303\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29d5346a7913\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Middle East\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"14f4cb7098ce\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ecf8bfc9d00b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Oceania\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3cbd937f77d2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"738e32611af5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c0192808de3d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"55f05e2300b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Proposal\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e973451579a6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5ff0d64bfe59\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Project Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0c95f8b6e25d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"05dd7ccbb764\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Which overall research question(s) from the RFP does your proposal address?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"afebc1677c8d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a365c5a27625\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate Impacts\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"827dd5b11b70\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea993a9ab26f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Tipping Points\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bc7f095ba525\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a48ab6f97756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please submit a proposal outlining answers to the 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1in the “Proposal Content” section of the RFP. All proposals must be in PDF format and a max of 5 pages (including figures, data, and visuals).*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f86851fb9cdd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"17e1a59dcfed\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please upload ONE file with the resumes/CVs of all project team members with the PI as the first resume in the file. 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\"},{\"_key\":\"88bd4b2c7f05\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"underline\",\"5cb9d38301d9\"],\"text\":\"Download Here\"},{\"_key\":\"acc1ea47effe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"5cb9d38301d9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1_17iHM3Ixf8TikBrRqi8pSOfypIwEQoe\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}]},{\"_key\":\"cc14f068d74a\",\"_ref\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"news\"},\"title\":\"News\"},\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tags\":[\"Academic Institution\",\"Non-profits/NGOs\",\"Government-Affilitatied\",\"Independent Researchers\"],\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":false},{\"_key\":\"108574cf81ea\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"306f54ca0716\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Phase 2 due date\",\"value\":\"1/18/2027\"},{\"_key\":\"b70c6f6276e2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Total Funding Available\",\"value\":\"$$500,000\"},{\"_key\":\"f77d0d12ca2f\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Max Funding per Award\",\"value\":\"$$100,000\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"d2327ecb30a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f11cf78eabc2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP aims to \"},{\"_key\":\"0ada3b5087d4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"deliver new simulations of current GeoMIP experiments\"},{\"_key\":\"7828970db5f5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" to increase the \"},{\"_key\":\"252df8973ec4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"number and variety\"},{\"_key\":\"3b0b18fe0b35\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of models participating in GeoMIP.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"55ea56da4da7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"359f6955607d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1d68efbc2b64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29fac8bc4e2b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We are offering grants to modeling centers to run GeoMIP7 stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) experiments and/or the CMIP6 G6- counterparts, in earth system models with the capability to do so. Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-09-21T21:49:19Z\",\"_id\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_rev\":\"8u5VyvaDv1gnh97niV2QYz\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"rev\":\"8u5VyvaDv1gnh97niV2PMz\"}},\"_type\":\"rfp\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-09-24T17:59:36Z\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#858f6a\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":76,\"l\":0.4882,\"s\":0.1486},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":76,\"s\":0.2587,\"v\":0.5608},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":106,\"g\":143,\"r\":133}},\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"d83b658d9cb4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c457a90d412e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Request for Proposals (RFP) ID: RE-1003\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"67707b6c1f36\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e99c820b7086\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"_key\":\"5b9e818b05d7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"For any questions, please review the \"},{\"_key\":\"bec10b79135e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6295c066c7fb\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"624495d00959\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" before submitting your question via \"},{\"_key\":\"387ce1076c5b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6097f4f226e2\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"9e46e0ab26bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". If you’d like to schedule a conversation about your proposal, please email at \"},{\"_key\":\"3a6c4819e898\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"054981fd1152\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"f5f752d27907\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"6295c066c7fb\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"},{\"_key\":\"6097f4f226e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"054981fd1152\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"221b42fed0dd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e33d154f77bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Key Dates\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"9a286dedb034\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"24bf0ab0d22d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"RFP Issue Date\",\"September 22, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"08eb64397f2d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Phase 1 Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"November 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"1622f4dabf8d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Phase 2 Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"January 18, 2027\"]},{\"_key\":\"a0f10eacae01\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Date of Proposal Outcome Notifications\",\"Phase 1: November 23, 2026 | Phase 2: February 8, 2027\"]},{\"_key\":\"628070ce1df2\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Grant Start Date\",\"Phase 1: January 1, 2027 | Phase 2: March 8, 2027\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"ba541dfb5bb6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7558c7dcf2b2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Funding Context and Objectives\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"2fcb9c74b3c4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"22223f824383\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Backgroun
1d\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5ee30a315876\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2976f49a94c2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate change is accelerating—intensifying extreme weather, driving biodiversity loss, and threatening global food systems. Even with stronger efforts to decarbonize and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, most climate models project that temperatures will exceed safe levels for decades. In response, stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)—the introduction of aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet—has emerged as a proposed means of slowing near-term warming and potentially reducing the risks associated with climate tipping points. While early modeling suggests SAI could quickly lower global temperatures, significant uncertainties remain.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"feda4870a923\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"688026e44a1b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Since its beginnings around 15 years ago (\"},{\"_key\":\"3f986b6ab71d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7e378637c95e\"],\"text\":\"Kravitz et al., 2011\"},{\"_key\":\"292c30c98caf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has been a vital coordinating framework for standardized SRM experiments (\"},{\"_key\":\"aa2a3d7af4f0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b5c46b1eded4\"],\"text\":\"Visioni et al., 2023\"},{\"_key\":\"41f61da3490d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). Sitting under the broader Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), GeoMIP simulations allow for quantitative estimates of model uncertainty in the climate response to SRM, and underpin our assessments of the robust features of that response. The value of model intercomparison projects (MIPs) arises from the number and variety of models participating (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"9bdea25f16d8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ed4da097b240\"],\"text\":\"Tebaldi \u0026 Knutti, 2007\"},{\"_key\":\"134a12dafa28\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). However, at present, only a handful of earth system models have simulated the most recent set of GeoMIP experiments; four models have completed and shared G6-1.5K-SAI outputs at time of writing (\"},{\"_key\":\"79841f2ca374\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d70479cf9d29\"],\"text\":\"Lee et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"2b3e263fada4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). With this limited number, statistics of the multi-model ensemble are sensitive to which models have participated, and it is difficult to confidently associate differences between model outputs with differences in model features.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"7e378637c95e\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/geomip/doc/10.1002-asl.316.pdf\"},{\"_key\":\"b5c46b1eded4\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/5149/2023/\"},{\"_key\":\"ed4da097b240\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsta/article-abstract/365/1857/2053/50921/The-use-of-the-multi-model-ensemble-in?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"},{\"_key\":\"d70479cf9d29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cc525ea2a63a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b73bfed4cb3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Through this funding opportunity, we aim to increase the number and variety of earth system models (ESMs) participating in GeoMIP, in order to facilitate a more robust assessment of uncertainty in the climate response to SAI, and to support increased understanding of the physical processes which determine its impacts. We will support projects delivering simulations of current and future (i.e. G6- and G7-) GeoMIP experiments by modeling centers using sufficiently capable earth system models, and will favor applications from groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations. In addition to funding, the Reflective team (including GeoMIP co-chair Daniele Visioni) can also provide advice on conducting the GeoMIP experiments and are happy to discu
1ss individual proposal scope ahead of submission (email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"9a63d1f49309\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f9f37a883de1\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fec98414a405\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" if interested in an individual conversation).\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"f9f37a883de1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d457149de7d1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8899bdfc1449\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"1075dbf0a65d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0088cbcb48bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"We are seeking proposals to deliver new simulations of current GeoMIP experiments.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fe6ee6682483\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"57ea8c63bd93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We are seeking proposals for projects which will conduct simulations of current GeoMIP experiments in earth system models with the capability to do so. Such models include several classes:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d14b9c29a437\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"72763918ab2e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry climate models with interactive stratospheric aerosols and coupled ocean.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"00dd82b4387d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18c414a1d32d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry climate models with a CMIP-participating low-top version including a coupled ocean. In this case, the model family contains all necessary components to run GeoMIP SAI experiments with interactive aerosols, but these are not currently being used in coupled form. We will support research time to set up and test a model version with these components coupled together, as well as to conduct the simulations.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e1d8032c7571\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5b92ba35ba3b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Low-top models or those without interactive aerosols, with clear justification for why the model would still represent a valuable addition to GeoMIP, and a clear plan for how prescribed aerosols could be implemented in the model.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8050e225c228\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a58ac007891e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We encourage proposals which plan to simulate \"},{\"_key\":\"e47e7634c6b5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"all\"},{\"_key\":\"488ec28533cc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of the Tier 1 GeoMIP7 SAI experiments as described in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"d61e8c9e84d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e5e46fd00f9c\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"55e81b81a535\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), and/or their CMIP6 versions. These are:\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"e5e46fd00f9c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a58025aad5f4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c79d3e990095\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"G7-1.5K-SAI, G7-1.5K-SAI-END and G7-1.5K-HiLLA; and/or;\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8109255f321b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2de8908a27e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"G6-1.5K-SAI, G6-1.5K-SAI-END and G6-1.5K-HiLLA\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c6c4a5ecef2f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8f2cdf3da90a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will support projects simulating either or both of the CMIP6- and CMIP7-era scenarios in models of either era, depending on the project timeline and availability of model versions and the reference scenarios. The G7- experiments are described 
1in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"27174eefde6c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"98cd55a99640\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"40c5d0c3c9ab\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"); G6-1.5K-SAI in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"69c87fe68ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"cad39c8f62e5\"],\"text\":\"2024\"},{\"_key\":\"e7bb07726d53\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and Lee et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"cc6d6aead437\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"eddece7489ae\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"d39f5f8d26c8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"); and G6-1.5K-HiLLA in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"9911b561d90f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"948afb65119a\"],\"text\":\"2025\"},{\"_key\":\"4a5a2b420e2c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and Duffey et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ef8751638d78\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"a8d7e004b760\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"03bb0bad2a9c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). See Figure 1 from Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ae9b56375167\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ba6522bc2ebd\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"62c06d034857\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for an overview of these different experiments. In each case the G7- version of the experiment is identical in specification to the G6- version except for the background scenario. Carrying out these simulations also requires simulating preparatory experiments, as described by Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"1da8785377d9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"4fa550724271\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"0a9355cdba8e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; their Table 1). Simulating additional GeoMIP experiments, such as Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) and Tier 2 experiments, is welcome but not essential.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"98cd55a99640\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"cad39c8f62e5\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2583/2024/\"},{\"_key\":\"eddece7489ae\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"948afb65119a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/106/10/BAMS-D-25-0191.1.xml\"},{\"_key\":\"a8d7e004b760\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/17/353/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"ba6522bc2ebd\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"4fa550724271\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"183c9c04525b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"638878095eab\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This funding aims specifically to increase the \"},{\"_key\":\"3e08642d3f68\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"number and variety\"},{\"_key\":\"651d1458d0de\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"e877754cc6bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"of models participating in GeoMIP. As such, we will favor proposals for models which have not recently contributed to GeoMIP (\"},{\"_key\":\"7c8a0470d3c8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"2c29503f4fff\"],\"text\":\"see Appendix\"},{\"_key\":\"b726162b8403\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\").\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"2c29503f4fff\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/increasing-geomip-models-rfp#appendix-current-geomip-model-participation\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1ea40120944f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eca92d84704b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"If uncertain, please \"},{\"_key\":\"61988c72e06c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fb5b925b6f4b\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"reach out to us\"},{\"_key\":\"d0f6a9159bcc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\" – we are happy to discuss whether individual proposals meet our scope and to have calls with prospective applicants. Or submit questions via our \"},{\"_key\":\"a122965aa60a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"bbe1a050ddfa\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A form\"},{\"_key\":\"51f1a20a0714\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\". You may view all submitted questions via the \"},{\"_key\":\"47391d44668b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"44f37fe1b11c\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"8ca5cf15fc55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fb5b925b6f4b\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"bbe1a050ddfa\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"44f37fe1b11c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3a4a558cce66\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"df92f823cefc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals should also describe what data outputs will be saved, and how these will be sustainably and publicly stored. We encourage proposals to consider the CMIP7 data requests, including the Baseline Climate Variables (\"},{\"_key\":\"529bb3b3edbc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"635b11bf1ec3\"],\"text\":\"Juckes et al. 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"6c159e5b897d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and priorities for different c
1ommunities (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"926c2c726d03\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"24dbeb2d2fab\"],\"text\":\"Dingley et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"84c725f8a3e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; \"},{\"_key\":\"412a656e8d43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e481d40f26c1\"],\"text\":\"McPartland et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"644515f6f0c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; \"},{\"_key\":\"34c22fcb9b77\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"61e07e67cef5\"],\"text\":\"Fox-Kemper et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"247ebabfec43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), and for impacts (\"},{\"_key\":\"79b2686f171a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d8a5f36c9642\"],\"text\":\"Frieler et al., 2024\"},{\"_key\":\"3a666d6ad3be\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and regional climate modeling, as described in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ab763bfd4bc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f12747bcd7e2\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"eba940f0a0f2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; their section 5). CMOR-ization of outputs and uploading data to the Earth System Grid Federation is wel
1come but not required. Grantees will be asked to provide a subset of outputs to host on the \"},{\"_key\":\"ae430e216b2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6acf055e2517\"],\"text\":\"Reflective Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"99e922f59eb9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" so that they are easily available for other researchers; delivery of cloud-optimized (zarr) data for this purpose is preferable but not essential. Proposals must also include the hosting of a primary set of outputs in a long-term, public, location such as the \"},{\"_key\":\"ba8138301ba0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6f849c860f05\"],\"text\":\"NCAR GDEX\"},{\"_key\":\"77d707fc8921\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", \"},{\"_key\":\"7ae675551ecc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"24da66b956d9\"],\"text\":\"UK CEDA archive\"},{\"_key\":\"7e14adf2dde0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", or \"},{\"_key\":\"8db0f6a7f6a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7b05bae3d628\"],\"text\":\"Earth System Grid Federation\"},{\"_key\":\"1e3f4ed1b9be\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"635b11bf1ec3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/2639/2025/\"},{\"_key\":\"24dbeb2d2fab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2945/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"e481d40f26c1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2849/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"61e07e67cef5\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/6043/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"d8a5f36c9642\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/1/2024/\"},{\"_key\":\"f12747bcd7e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"6acf055e2517\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"6f849c860f05\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gdex.ucar.edu/\"},{\"_key\":\"24da66b956d9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://archive.ceda.ac.uk/\"},{\"_key\":\"7b05bae3d628\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://esgf.github.io/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a72d56d1f1ad\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"981b94a3f95d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Out of Scope activities\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"9ceeba74c01a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2f9d6d656e39\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is considered out of scope for this RFP.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"60843e4f5aa0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2e8706f79d8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Substantial model development, beyond coupling together existing modules and making minor modifications\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1656337f41fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fcc34faaa949\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Simulating the ScenarioMIP experiments used as background and counterfactual for the GeoMIP experiments (e.g. SSP2-4.5, or “Medium-Low” for CMIP7; \"},{\"_key\":\"9eec6b24807b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"426d7a00f818\"],\"text\":\"Van Vuuren et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"3f8f7f4886b9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\")\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"426d7a00f818\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bf0cf1c70b32\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c36f073a866c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Simulating other CMIP experiments.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4a6ce516128f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c845f1f06496\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Eligibility\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"01d8509605c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fb7999296cb9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant is targeted at \"},{\"_key\":\"73b139d39db2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"climate modeling centers\"},{\"_key\":\"848d9468b5fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". 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A final report demonstrating a brief validation of the final simulations is also required, and must be posted on a DOI’d public repository, such as Zenodo, as well as shared with Reflective. 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If the most relevant journal for your research is not open access, please provide further context in your proposal.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bd25e86f9878\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"25e4e7279ac6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Indirect:\"},{\"_key\":\"2a7c365e6efd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Costs not directly relevant to the project but important for operations. 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Institutions with federally negotiated indirect rates may request up to 20% indirect costs \"},{\"_key\":\"f9666c218f94\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"4978b14f9547\"],\"text\":\"per Reflective’s policy\"},{\"_key\":\"f4a8f8d121bd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"4978b14f9547\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/15BV8dUgYnmhKku82-S5ahtT35GY3U7kGJMKBrKM9fIM/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"812fa0937bd0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a6cd8637af7b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For any publications associated with Reflective funded research, we require grantees to submit to open access scientific journals. If the most relevant journal for your research is not open access, please provide further context in your proposal.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d524b61fbc70\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"90989f404ce8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We typically allocate up to $1,500-$3,000 for publication fees, but exceptions may be made with compelling justification.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"42d783e3cb91\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1b9b6cbc822c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If you are collaborating on a proposal with another institution, please fill out the Budget Worksheet with Collaborator(s) tab \"},{\"_key\":\"87e0fa7c151e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"71a4a090df1b\"],\"text\":\"in the budget worksheet\"},{\"_key\":\"fa086dc05644\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"71a4a090df1b\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11XTKIHNegoVJOZwIC64p_1_NXCSJP682USGAOaY9s9I/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca97be256ee2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b28b95ea59e4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation Criteria\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"0f0fa4d09645\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18f1173ab23d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Initial Eligibility Screening\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"839ce9b1b133\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2975e9da0b1d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The first phase of evaluation is an eligibility screening. This screening will include checks for the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c0ab7cf2ac45\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28869514f746\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Eligible organization/institution type\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"49494bb3b2f4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3c582dc4f93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within budget guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"226ab5201fc4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"739e7d52aa75\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within project period of performance guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b074dcdbedd6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"375a2c96fd8d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"High level check on alignment with RFP Goals\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1fa28638bdbf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1bfc06443f86\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Evaluation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"d58149978b37\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"cfa2c4b0c4a4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications that pass the eligibility screening will be evaluated by the Reflective team. The areas of evaluation are as follows:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"943c9bc2480b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"adf2a5ac9acc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Impact \u0026 Technical Feasibility\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0e4276d6dbcf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"56edc21285fc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Level of al
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We strongly recommend using the section headers described below, but you may alter/modify this to suit the needs of your project.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ec8e10c99ea5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"542217e3ef7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Project Plan (~2-3 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"777dc1d098e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8b7dbc4b4d39\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Model Specification and Validation:\"},{\"_key\":\"cf7f663b4108\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Detail the model to be used and its validation relevant to SAI.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2281773c0683\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4e1a0258f5cc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If available, this should include at least 5 references of papers where the model has been used or showing the capacity of the modelers to run it, as well as appropriate literature showing validation of the model’s representation of stratospheric aerosols where appropriate.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0c6faf34bac3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0d3ec35b8a49\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If no existing literature is available for model validation, this should include figures demonstrating the model’s capability, for example, by showing the simulated response to a Pinatubo experiment.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6fa474bd0d3a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f00924068d6c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Technical Description \u0026 Methodology:\"},{\"_key\":\"8367c5c1091d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Explain in detail the technical plan and methodology for your proposed project including:\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10fa1883c2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8fadf12adc2c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"which simulations will be conducted and the number of ensemble members\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"54a226d10574\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a8adaa444012\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"which outputs will be saved and how these will be stored and distributed (including to ESGF and CMOR-ization or cloud-optimization if applicable)\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bd2a7eec606d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3923d2505042\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"the methods for implementing GeoMIP protocols, particularly if direct injection of SO2 cannot be simulated in the model\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3dbafb870ca2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3ba42354e13f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"a description of the computational infrastru
1cture which will be used and the capabilities of the group to conduct simulations\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19dc35ad8c4e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c51e23b924ad\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Timeline \u0026 Milestones:\"},{\"_key\":\"5d4aa543e46b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide an estimated timeline for the project, including specifics about when you expect to complete certain milestones.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f816832a947b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea7a84d80da4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Final Deliverables:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0786ba9b466\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please explain how you will align with the expected final deliverable(s), below, and any additional planned deliverables.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cdf217b3cbcf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d4e20cd82b0a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Completed GeoMIP simulations (see above) with outputs uploaded to a public long-term data store and the Reflective Cloud Hub.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9d3c5737a77\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6f12e2f8de83\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A brief report documenting the simulations, delivered to Reflective and posted on a DOI’d public repository such as Zenodo.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"84ae0cfc9fbb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ff6bb3b9b821\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Risks \u0026 Mitigation Strategies:\"},{\"_key\":\"8a21005ce904\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please share any risks that could derail the timeline, budget, or ability to deliver the project deliverables and how you will mitigate said risks.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"152505489455\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"59e12e42ebbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend table format for this.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"99ad3d525138\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8505c7695dd7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Team \u0026 Budget (~1-1.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"21d841abe009\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29d7f3a222dc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Team:\"},{\"_key\":\"d2dc135acdbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Share the background of each project team member, their affiliation, and what they will contribute to the project. Where possible, please include some indication of how much time the person will commit (e.g. full-time, part-time, advisor etc.)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"27cca7729a2d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"080fad7fd44e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend doing this in table format\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ad31ce559268\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2ba86a68c45\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Budget Justification:\"},{\"_key\":\"7da4db15b834\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide narrative context on your budget workbook including details like how budget amounts were calculated and what travel/conferences are included and why.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"44dfe4d153a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1038760c72bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 3: Current and Pending (\u003c0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66ecb6b0f010\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2a040323972f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Current grants, including project goals, timelines, and any overlap with this proposal.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f15a799d8234\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c5265cb646a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Form Questions\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5123e1b92714\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d0c66e94b0c6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is a copy of the application form to help you prepare your application materials in advance. The softw
1are we use will save a copy of your responses locally to your computer and browser, but we recommend preparing your responses beforehand in a separate document before submission. Questions marked with an asterisk are required.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1d646bc947bb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c58e03efd09f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Applicant Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"194a57de62ca\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"90d3ed25c07d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Organization/Institution Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d84df46f9f89\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"818b04865aae\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Primary Principal Investigator (PI) Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ee9a270c7ffe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"815731c6f32e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI First 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Type*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3252a78d1957\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7f5162428710\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry-climate models with interactive aerosols and coupled ocean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8aa7a6a628a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"300bbb8a9a24\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry-climate models with a low-top version with coupled ocean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d8a90e3160d2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6e7c0e5e2b0d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Low-top models or those without interactive aerosols\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5a96c673fb5b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"70615e7474d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Other (please briefly describe)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"367f1f835a95\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbc6325fde21\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Proposal\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ebd34909aa00\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c1f170d866ce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Project Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"edf1b79b6809\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2bcedac28758\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please submit a proposal outlining answers to the questions described 
1in the \"},{\"_key\":\"87ff3d7cce07\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7aa6a33f27b3\"],\"text\":\"“Proposal Content” section of the RFP\"},{\"_key\":\"fc7caf5a2c12\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". All proposals must be in PDF format and a max of 5 pages (including figures, data, and visuals). References \u0026 citations may extend beyond the 5 pages.*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"7aa6a33f27b3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/increasing-geomip-models-rfp#application-content-requirements\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8cf8bfd06f1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"82d7fdd1827c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please upload ONE file with the resumes/CVs of all project team members with the PI as the first resume in the file. Please submit as a PDF*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0a25d02cef18\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"91d66e117213\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Max 2 pages per resume/CV in the file.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cca44fa0ef76\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"01a3c40dcb66\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"How long will your project take (in months)?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"24d37d06aeac\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9ab6da22d21e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"What is your total budget for this project?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"272d6262cd0a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ca5ea6819402\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Upload your budget justification workbook* (make a copy of and fill in \"},{\"_key\":\"adf692553ae2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d19b9ffbcdab\"],\"text\":\"this template\"},{\"_key\":\"c0dece2f0872\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\")\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d19b9ffbcdab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11XTKIHNegoVJOZwIC64p_1_NXCSJP682USGAOaY9s9I/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7406fbd064f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a518ef12fc5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Appendix - current GeoMIP model participation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"2bb5631d4eb7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6676197db744\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Up to date information on model participation in recent GeoMIP experiments is held in \"},{\"_key\":\"17b14de8c343\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"60d8e5ce3e9c\"],\"text\":\"this spreadsheet\"},{\"_key\":\"436e70dddf11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". At the time of writing, the models which have completed the G6-1.5K-SAI (and -HiLLA) experiments are shown in the table below. The table also shows some model features and details of their lineage, to inform assessment of a potential additional model’s difference or similarity against the current set. See Lee et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"00a4f9b8b22e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e3221fbe7cb9\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"626813ed282d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for a more detailed overview of the models’ stratospheric sulfate representations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"60d8e5ce3e9c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j6b7LqYfkikmoD8LIjVKKJ61dzEyDKNgRyi1isaDNGI/edit?usp=sharing\"},{\"_key\":\"e3221fbe7cb9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0f7ab72e0d55\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"db038cd6-2021-43f2-a8c5-2b654889f4ba\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Model Name and Reference\",\"Institution\",\"Model Lineage and Components\",\"Representation of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol\"]},{\"_key\":\"b6779a7f-5afb-41aa-9f22-5671a91350b6\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"CESM2(WACCM6) (Danabasoglu et al., 2020)\",\"NCAR, USA\",\"CESM2 physical core (CAM6 atmospheric physics, POP2 ocean) with WACCM6 whole-atmosphere extension; regular lat-lon atmospheric grid at 0.9° × 1.25° ( ~100 km); 70 hybrid sigma-pressure levels with top at ~10-6 hPa; fully interactive troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere chemistry (MOZART TSMLT).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (MAM4), with three sulfate-containing modes\"]},{\"_key\":\"e4aa2be4-5d42-4bac-b69d-bbaf08b0c980\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"UKESM1-1 (Mulcahy et al., 2023)\",\"UKESM Earth System Modeling Group, UK\",\"HadGEM3-GC3.1 physical core (Met Office Unified Model (UM) atmosphere, NEMO ocean); regular lat-lon atmospheric grid at N96 (1.875° × 1.25°, ~135 km); 85 hybrid-height levels with top at 85 km; Fully interactive stratosphere-troposphere chemistry (UKCA StratTrop).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (GLOMAP), with four sulfate-containing modes\"]},{\"_key\":\"9a9dcfe8-8230-4c0b-a981-fb67da533eec\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"E3SMv3 (Xie et al., 2025)\",\"DOE, USA\",\"Some shared lineage with the CESM family; EAM atmosphere, MPAS-Ocean. Spectral-element dynamical core (~100 km nominal resolution in the v3.LR configuration); 80 hybrid levels up to ~60 km (~0.1 hPa). Linearized rather than full stratospheric chemistry (Linoz v3)\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (MAM5-PSA) which has an additional coarse mode specifically for stratospheric sulfate\"]},{\"_key\":\"35a6a179-970f-4ed9-a4a4-3ce1f286e85a\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"MIROC-ES2H (Kawamiya et al., 2020)\",\"JAMSTEC / Univ. Tokyo, Japan\",\"MIROC6 physical core (CCSR atmosphere, COCO 4.9 ocean); spectral dynamical core (~1.4°, ~155 km); 81 hybrid sigma-pressure levels with top at 0.004 hPa (~80 km); fully interactive stratosphere-troposphere chemistry (CHASER 4.0).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (SPRINTARS), but uncoupled to radiation which sees a prescribed size distribution\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"5c33544c8f64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8479209a61a1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reference Links:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"74f48568aa32\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"067902054fc8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"051be228c97a\"],\"text\":\"Danabasoglu et al., 2020\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"051be228c97a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019MS001916\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4b68cc4f9393\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"78a8a8630cf4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"742e2ef09493\"],\"text\":\"Mulcahy et al., 2023\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"742e2ef09493\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1569/2023/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca4be5094e0d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f764f1dc2d13\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"691e475ed794\"],\"text\":\"Xie et al., 2025\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"691e475ed794\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025MS005120\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e3dec2a8234e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"32db71fdd7bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f389be37a06e\"],\"text\":\"Kawamiya et al., 2020\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"f389be37a06e\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00369-5\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"kicker\":\"September 2026\",\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"increasing-geomip-models-rfp\"},\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-09-01T17:48:42Z\",\"_id\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_rev\":\"9yzigniMkmJyAsVq1GH5JD\",\"_type\":\"sanity.imageAsset\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-09-01T17:48:42Z\",\"assetId\":\"1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"metadata\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageMetadata\",\"blurHash\":\"M9RfnJ=@^jx]_39Ysks.Ri-p_4IpE1?GVr\",\"dimensions\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageDimensions\",\"aspectRatio\":1.962332928311057,\"height\":3292,\"width\":6460},\"hasAlpha\":false,\"isOpaque\":true,\"lqip\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAKCAIAAAA7N+mxAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAABzklEQVQokS2RQXObMBCF/f+PvfZHdKY99ZB7emgmtZ1gQBiMBQKBhBBIWklI7pDk3XbmfTu77x2Ch2BXZ/Wi1o7S6o6vuMlu96oli1IAoI0xAFrrZVWTlIvSYK11znl/gKlcyd+xy2pCUI2LGldNW9wx7vplWWY505FRxlo6VC1Bd1w2pOmHnvFxmg6qfxPXJ4yeL+kxSU9FhTAhlPN5loKx+/12Ka7JtXorymNevGbomBeXsq5JR4bx4PQEc8PJ++3fj+L5++38m3a1AbAAY09ylBzT5DXNXpL05ZK9XPJTXpS45bPUxhweMcYY3Eqn7Ff359uQ/Fyndts2AGg6khTpKU9POTrl6JihU16gGjMhnPfx8fiEY/AAspm7d9ahSfA9IaNxT84FOmZ5dqubfsA9rRpMhl5ptYWwwzFsFkAppbRetaGMl7jpGdfGCDlfcXNGV9xTZcAACDmNnHIhDEAI4bA5kIJT2o/juK4rYxyVVdNTsHsZwySqljAx+22LMVpnmZhaSoVc9qrC5oySsxBSSjBmZpzgRsxyPyxGY61cFVgbY3w8HlsIi9ajEHJdrfP7zyFsn/LOLZyLcbTw5d7j+NjyNX7wznvnvffbf2vYK05U4W8qAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"palette\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePalette\",\"darkMuted\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#815a17\",\"foreground\":\"#fff\",\"population\":0,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"darkVibrant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#704e14\",\"foreground\":\"#fff\",\"population\":0,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"dominant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#dca03b\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":2.04,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"lightMuted\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#d2cbae\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":0.56,\"title\":\"#000\"},\"lightVibrant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#fad1e1\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":0.
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The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. 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The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? 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SAI may temporarily lower temperatures, but reducing greenhouse gas emissions significantly and quickly is essential for lasting climate stability and environmental health.\\n\\nSAI is not intended to provide a comprehensive solution to climate change, but it might allow the necessary time for more permanent climate solutions and decarbonization to take hold.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Is SAI a replacement for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?\"},{\"_key\":\"9f3a3e5260a8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0a4845de13fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"39cd9f6daed5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. Reflective supports expanding research in areas necessary for making informed decisions on whether and how to responsibly deploy SAI, when that time comes. We do not advocate for or against deployment, only providing the scientific evidence to supp
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These include\"},{\"_key\":\"e1e0ffe75391\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b54a1d1b9e20\"],\"text\":\" our Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"09b8c2aa92ac\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", an interactive cloud computing platform to support open, collaborative science for the SAI research community, and our \"},{\"_key\":\"5bd6342bd99d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"da24e2aa91c3\"],\"text\":\"SAI Simulator\"},{\"_key\":\"974c24852f7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" that provides a fast, interactive way to explore the climate effects of different SAI deployment scenarios and compare them to the impacts of continued warming.\\n\\nWe also publish \"},{\"_key\":\"04bf9e1391ad\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b9a930ef4bf0\"],\"text\":\"the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"8ef6001d7788\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources for SAI. The Roadmap, along with our \"},{\"_key\":\"732f0e7ba8a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"0b60298bc932\"],\"text\":\"Uncertainty Database\"},{\"_key\":\"78f9b510ccec\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", identifies the most valuable and timely questions and the research required to reduce/resolve those uncertainties for responsible decision making on SAI.\\n\\nReflective also \"},{\"_key\":\"2f1c24a62b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"664adfa4b3f6\"],\"text\":\"funds research projects\"},{\"_key\":\"a8e9ad5ce970\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" around the globe that align with the priorities of the SAI Research Roadmap.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b54a1d1b9e20\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"da24e2aa91c3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://simulator.reflective.org/?var=tas\u0026spatial_agg=WGI+Reference\u0026decade_visualization=2091-2100\u0026ssp_scenario=SSP2-4.5\u0026temp_target=1.5\u0026start_year=2035\u0026ramp_up=10\"},{\"_key\":\"b9a930ef4bf0\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"0b60298bc932\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://uncertainties.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"664adfa4b3f6\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/research/funding-opportunities\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What kinds of research and projects does Reflective fund?\"},{\"_key\":\"94813c53114d\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"ffc00ceb38ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240be8778c8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed method to reflect incoming sunlight. SAI, which would involve distributing reflective aerosols, such as sulfates, in the lower stratosphere. These aerosols will reflect some sunlight into space, thereby decreasing the amount of heat that reaches the Earth. The idea is inspired by volcanic eruptions, which naturally send particles into the atmosphere, temporarily cooling the Earth.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)?\"},{\"_key\":\"5083651ca23b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"3113351b9f02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"115e90f6a545\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"$54\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Why are you focused only on stratospheric aerosols?\"},{\"_key\":\"b72dc43a67c0\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0710681fa4c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"559d02f7581c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The \"},{\"_key\":\"baa515d1e82b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"25eaf7df7b29\"],\"text\":\"SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"acde9c09d756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" is a first-of-its-kind plan for the field, intended to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources to build the evidence base needed for responsible decision making on SAI. It provides a plan for the technical research needed to determine whether SAI is a tool the world could ever use responsibly to reduce global temperatures.\\n\\nThe Roadmap is built for policymakers, funders, and scientists, and shows how the field can narrow the most consequential scientific uncertainties step by step: from how reflective particles behave in the stratosphere to how different SAI strategies might affect the global climate. Research activities include a scientific justification, scope of work, estimated cost, and timeline, so funding and effort can be directed to the most valuable and timely questions.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"25eaf7df7b29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is the SAI Research Roadmap?\"},{\"_key\":\"796a32db4d4b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"d1e3f9de8084\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28edc7b7657c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective is a nonprofit, funded entirely by grants or donations from a number of leading philanthropies focused on addressing climate change. We do not accept anonymous donations and transparently post a full list of our donors on our website. We also do not accept donations from corporations, foundations, or individuals if the majority of their current profits or wealth come from the fossil fuel industry unless they can clearly demonstrate that they do not have a conflict of interest and present a strong track record of supporting efforts to address anthropogenic climate change.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How is Reflective funded?\"},{\"_key\":\"5a269b524bf8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"8e0307db23a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"693a7b05fe15\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"dcfa69f39fb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d34f972a2259\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"ca939b2b1bb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or reach out to us from our \"},{\"_key\":\"44715ba36ae8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc940ec51b26\"],\"text\":\"contact\"},{\"_key\":\"f4d3f581e2a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" page.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d34f972a2259\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fc940ec51b26\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"/contact\"}
1],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How can I help or get involved?\"}],\"limit\":4,\"limitSlugMatcher\":\"/\",\"showAllButton\":{\"_type\":\"linklessButton\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"text\":\"View All\"},\"visibility\":true}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"global-faq\"}},{\"_createdAt\":\"2025-12-18T15:09:51Z\",\"_id\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"_rev\":\"nj5hbaxTFKzGXEbsck2leh\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"rev\":\"nj5hbaxTFKzGXEbscfGklb\"}},\"_type\":\"globalSlices\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-01-29T19:47:34Z\",\"name\":\"Global CTA\",\"sliceSchemaReference\":[{\"_key\":\"6bd4368bec9c\",\"_type\":\"cta\",\"backgroundImage\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-a64593e58202ff1b566fe2107d607d570f75799d-1440x652-svg\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}},\"careersButton\":{\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"anchor\":\"#careers\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"Careers\",\"type\":\"internal\",\"url\":\"/about#careers\"}},\"careersHeading\":\"Work With Us\",\"headline\":\"Our mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make informed decisions about sunlight reflection technology, fast enough to matter.\",\"subscribeHeading\":\"Subscribe for Updates\",\"subscribeIframeSrcUrl\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/embed\",\"visibility\":true}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"global-cta\"}}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"faq\"},\"title\":\"FAQ\"},\"text\":\"FAQ\",\"type\":\"internal\"},{\"_key\":\"b3cf51f2d7ab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:34:51Z\",\"_id\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"_rev\":\"hYiyiG00JK54dG5EHhsltA\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"rev\":\"hYiyiG00JK54dG5EHhsgXe\"}},\"_type\":\"page\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-08-27T19:59:30Z\",\"slices\":[{\"_key\":\"c1f5764a6bb0\",\"_type\":\"hero\",\"copy\":[{\"_key\":\"7937212b72d6\",\"_type\":\"textGroup\",\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"38da1981be7f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1db65cf0a7bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Our mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make informed decisions about sunlight reflection technology, fast enough to matter.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"heading\":\"About Us\",\"headingType\":\"h1\"},{\"_key\":\"bd7f3d219adc\",\"_type\":\"textGroup\",\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"8a361464458d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1ffab2ce5438\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The world has already crossed 1.5 °C, and time spent above it matters. Decarbonization and carbon removal remain essential, but neither can cool the planet fast enough to shorten dangerous overshoot in the coming decades. \\n\\nSunlight reflection methods, including stratospheric aerosol injection, may be the only tools capable of near-term cooling—but we lack the data to judge whether they reduce risk or create new ones. Avoiding research doesn’t avoid decisions; it delays them until crisis. The real choice is not action versus restraint, but ignorance versus evidence. We need transparent, stage-gated, globally inclusive research now—so any future decision is informed, collective, and deliberate.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"heading\":\"The Imperative\",\"headingType\":\"h2\"}],\"imageDesktop\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:36:43Z\",\"_id\":\"image-c1ae1890796b94349d868a0c6e321aeb54b26693-1530x1798-png\",\"_rev\":\"aeuE8qO3ZehbEk11a3NU35\",\"_type\":\"sanity.imageAsset\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:36:43Z\",\"assetId\":\"c1ae1890796b94349d868a0c6e321aeb54b26693\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"metadata\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageMetadata\",\"blurHash\":\"eCMZTy@q0b010A_N]_IwIqJD0GOtwY%2,+yGxvNHEQi]5DE0-N%1xu\",\"dimensions\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageDimensions\",\"aspectRatio\":0.8509454949944383,\"height\"
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This Privacy Policy contains important information on our information practices, including how and why we collect, use, disclose, share, store, and retain your personal information. It also explains your rights in relation to your personal information, and how to contact us or supervisory authorities in the event you have a complaint or request.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"dcae64a82518\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6f653161550a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"When we offer goods and services to individuals in the European Economic Area (EEA), we are subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR), which applies across the entire European Union. For California consumers, we are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA). We are responsible as a “controller” of that personal information for the purposes of the GDPR. 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therein\"]},{\"_key\":\"ac92c25b-0078-4360-a4de-caac4f80bddd\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"To prevent and detect fraud\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to minimize fraud that could be damaging for us and for you\"]},{\"_key\":\"21ca8604-9b81-4946-b42f-ee96aceb1065\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Other processing necessary to comply with professional, legal, and regulatory obligations that apply to our business, e.g., under health and safety regulation or rules issued by our professional regulator\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"4ab83b56-92b3-407e-9e16-cf6e9758b2f3\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Gathering and providing information required by or relating to audits, inquiries or investigations by regulatory bodies\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"483b1884-6f16-46d9-b82b-30dc84eba159\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring business policies are adhered to\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to make sure we are following our own internal procedures so we can deliver the best service to you\"]},{\"_key\":\"cc48a74b-39ce-487e-8b96-afd0d94a2675\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Operational reasons, such as improving efficiency, training, and quality control\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to be as efficient as we can so we can deliver the best service for you at the best price\"]},{\"_key\":\"3a90de98-c2d0-4ab2-b8dd-11baa110cfef\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring the confidentiality of commercially sensitive information\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to protect trade secrets and other commercially valuable information To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"57229c7a-e11c-4e67-87aa-a5f2a2e78b1e\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Statistical analysis to help us manage our business\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to be as efficient as we can so we can deliver the best service for you at the best price\"]},{\"_key\":\"2fc5281e-d866-4bc5-894c-db1ae4ed4728\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Preventing unauthorized access and modifications to systems\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to prevent and detect criminal activity that could be damaging for us and for you To comply with our legal and regulatory obligation\"]},{\"_key\":\"d8759014-83e8-4939-a024-9c712d02ee70\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Updating user records\",\"To provide our website, products, and services To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations For our legitimate interests or those of a third party\"]},{\"_key\":\"e5e2ab90-c504-470b-9b8d-5fd45ce8020c\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Statutory returns\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"7ef596b4-e840-4f37-844d-b48e0b3dd1a7\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring safe working practices, staff administration and assessments\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, e.g., to make sure we are following our own internal procedures and working efficiently so we can deliver the best service to you\"]},{\"_key\":\"dde12a1a-8d2f-4293-9dc2-9eec3d6625bb\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Marketing our services \",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to promote our business to existing and former users\"]},{\"_key\":\"609aba34-04ac-4772-aab9-2d84e143592c\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"External audits and quality checks, e.g., for ISO or Investors in People accreditation and the audit of our accounts\",\"For our legitimate interests or a those of a third party, i.e., to maintain our accreditations so we can demonstrate we operate at the highest standards To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"c3194d6cbbe8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f6990c7bb7b2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For EEA Data Subjects: The above table does not apply to special category personal information, which we will only process with your explicit consent.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b5ee400a915a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9a6229f82c4f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Microsoft. \"},{\"_key\":\"45e31954ab5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We partner with Microsoft Clarity and Microsoft Advertising to capture how you use and interact with our website through behavioral metrics, heatmaps, and session replay to improve and market our products/services. Website usage data is captured using first and third-party cookies and other tracking technologies to determine the popularity of products/services and online activity. Additionally, we use this information for site optimization, fraud/security purposes, and advertising. For more information about how Microsoft collects and uses your data, visit the Microsoft Privacy Statement.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4f34be50c5a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6ddabd76cfd7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"5) EEA Data Subjects: Promotional Communications.\"},{\"_key\":\"65f53ee36e22\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We may use your personal information to send you updates (by email, text message, telep
1hone, or post) about our products and services, including exclusive offers, promotions or new products and services.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2166aa39da9c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"378327cdf698\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have a legitimate interest in processing your personal information for promotional purposes (see above “How and why we use your personal information”). This means we do not usually need your consent to send you promotional communications. However, where consent is needed, we will ask for this consent separately and clearly.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d50204ea1b93\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1f1d9074a87a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will always treat your personal information with the utmost respect and never [sell OR share] it with other organizations [outside the [organization's group name] group] for marketing purposes.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2ce57a11dbe0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18033520658c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"You have the right to opt out of receiving promotional communications at any time by:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"21ec254f25bc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"82dc8acc6be4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Contacting us at [email protected]\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7bdf63285725\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"66f20b26166c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Using the “unsubscribe” link in emails\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4b17bc873f39\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"75d989f4a5e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may ask you to confirm or update your marketing preferences if you instruct us to provide further products and services in the future, or if there are changes in the law, regulation, or the structure of our business.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a83a2acff960\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e46556597924\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"6) Who We Share Your Personal Information With.\"},{\"_key\":\"e82ac7f9f742\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We routinely share personal information with:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c61074c585e7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1869a78c15ff\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Service providers we use to help deliver our products and services to you, such as payment service providers, warehouses, and delivery companies\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7874899f31a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1f3c0047bb22\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Other third parties we use to help us run our business, such as marketing agencies or website hosts\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"03d4479d51a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d9d3e375f795\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Professional service providers\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7b35044cbc47\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"887cd32adfdd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Researchers\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1e6c340239f5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c7ed591c6371\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Third parties to demonstrate our simulator’s performance\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fb918e04cea6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e0173b1957bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We only allow our service providers to handle your personal information if we are satisfied they take appropriate measures to protect your personal information. We also impose contractual obligations on service providers relating to ensure they can only use your personal information to provide services to us and to you. We may al
1so share personal information with external auditors.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e92d74abfb0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"aad8ff43d058\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may disclose and exchange information with law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies to comply with our legal and regulatory obligations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cf25c408392f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3d77543b880\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may also need to share some personal information with other parties, such as potential buyers of some or all of our business or during a re-structuring. We will typically anonymize information, but this may not always be possible. The recipient of the information will be bound by confidentiality obligations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"08b5ab00b2e5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"44c95259bbcd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"7) Personal Information Shared.\"},{\"_key\":\"b150e37b3a89\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" In the preceding 12 months, we have shared the following categories of personal information:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76b8de32fdd3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c56d4c1ec11b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Identifiers (e.g., a real name, alias, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, company, or other similar identifiers)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4004bf61b0ec\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c65f869afb08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Information that identifies, relates to, describes, or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual, including, but not limited to, his or her name, location, gender, age bracket, and professional affiliation.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"975e7b8479da\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"10cb18641eef\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Characteristics of protected classifications under California or federal law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cde2b7327ff7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"46c74d0ed351\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Commercial information (e.g., records of personal property, products or services purchased, obtained, or considered, or other purchasing or consuming histories or tendencies)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8ee5f8e6a767\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"24ec8d2ce3cb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Internet or other electronic network activity information (e.g., browsing history, search history, and information regarding a consumer’s interaction with an Internet Web site, application, or advertisement)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687a6ea69643\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"683a4faca295\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Geolocation data\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bb6bc2049963\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b35fd895923e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Inferences drawn from any of the information identified above to create a profile about a consumer reflecting the consumer’s preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b5f0c3e37173\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a133dfb3b5d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"8) Categories of Personal Information We Disclosed for a Business Purpose. \"},{\"_key\":\"397390b54d55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"In the preceding 12 months, we have disclosed the following categories of personal information for a business purpose:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f80125d528a0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"87bf273a01b3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Identifiers (e.g., a real name, alias, postal address, unique personal identifier, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, company, account name,, or other similar identifiers)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"70e97b15a0ae\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"03f3e0bb46bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Information that identifies, relates to, describes, or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual, including, but not limited to, his or her name, email address, employmentCharacteristics of protected classifications under California or federal law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3626363f3e8e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4a714ae8c808\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Internet or other electronic network activity information (e.g., browsing history, search history, and information regarding a consumer's interaction with an Internet Web site, application, or advertisement)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"868af694365b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b468657646d8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Geolocation data\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7248bb0f083d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ae3e4f2e2848\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Inferences drawn from any of the information identified above to create a profile about a consumer reflecting the consumer's preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a4658ea2c1ac\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9431133d7111\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"9) How Long Your Personal Information Will Be Kept.\"},{\"_key\":\"d928ce15e5fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We will keep your personal information while you have an account with us or while we are providing products and services to you. Thereafter, we will keep your personal information for as long as is necessary:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e5dfd2a309b1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"669a42c7ff43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To respond to any questions, complaints or claims made by you or on your behalf\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f17833d5f68\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"38b6fa5b0b8b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To show that we treated y
1ou fairly –or–\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f16d00649ecf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbc8c0f56a33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To keep records required by law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5db26627ce1f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"85862c48851a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will not retain your personal information for longer than necessary for the purposes set out in this policy. Different retention periods apply for different types of personal information. When it is no longer necessary to retain your personal information, we will delete or anonymize it.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fec06bce08fa\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d1f2f2347e7e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"10) California Consumers: Your Rights Under the CCPA/CPRA.\"},{\"_key\":\"6bee96afe3d6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" You have the right under the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA), and certain other privacy and data protection laws, as applicable, to exercise free of charge:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76e043e0ce01\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"2d13c509-aeb8-4edf-bd95-8c8bafb3c0b1\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Disclosure of Personal Information We Collect About You\",\"You have the right to know, and request disclosure of: The categories of personal information we have collected about you, including sensitive personal information The categories of sources from which the personal information is collected The categories of third parties to whom we disclose personal information, if any –and– The specific pieces of personal information we have collected about you Please note that we are not required to: Retain any personal information about you that was collected for a single one-time transaction if, in the ordinary course of business, that information about you is not retained Reidentify or otherwise link any data that, in the ordinary course of business, is not maintained in a manner that would be considered personal information –or– Provide the personal information to you more than twice in a 12-month period\"]},{\"_key\":\"e8263f97-fa6c-4d53-89d5-6f5cfef8f5d8\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Disclosure of Personal Information Sold, Shared, or Disclosed for a Business Purpose\",\"In connection with any personal information we may share or disclose to a third party for a business purpose, you have the right to know: The categories of personal information about you that we sold or shared and the categories of third parties to whom the personal information was sold or shared –and– The categories of personal information that we disclosed about you for a business purpose and the categories of persons to whom the personal information was disclosed for a business purpose You have the right to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information for the purpose of targeted behavioral advertising. If you exercise your right to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information, we will refrain from sharing your personal information, unless you subsequently provide express authorization for the sharing of your personal information. You may request to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information by writing [email protected].\"]},{\"_key\":\"01415b9f-1d01-4ebc-85b6-cb5b3ac36827\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Limit Use of Sensitive Personal Information\",\"We don’t collect sensitive personal information.\"]},{\"_key\":\"f622207b-ef3c-4749-a303-b62651aa5fc5\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Deletion\",\"$74\"]},{\"_key\":\"5f184fa3-7f16-4f64-82ff-c1db70072899\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right of Correction\",\"If we maintain inaccurate personal information about you, you have the right to request us to correct that inaccurate personal information. Upon receipt of a verifiable request from you, we will use commercially reasonable efforts to correct the inaccurate personal information.\"]},{\"_key\":\"712a422f-567c-41ec-a77a-96a4dd47d9b7\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Protection Against Retaliation\",\"You have the right to not be retaliated against by us because you exercised any of your rights under the CCPA/CPRA. This means we cannot, among other things: Deny goods or services to you Charge different prices or rates for goods or services, including through the use of discounts or other benefits or imposing penalties Provide a different level or quality of goods or services to you, or Suggest that you will receive a different price or rate for goods or services or a different level or quality of goods or services Please note that we may charge a different price or rate or provide a different level or quality of goods and/or services to you, if that difference is reasonably related to the value provided to our business by your personal information. \"]}]},{\"_key\":\"b0733c2ca422\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8decccd3bece\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"11) EEA Data Subjects: Your Rights Under the EU GDPR.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e2308535da64\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"00c54747-211b-4091-aa28-e75b5ec2dbea\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Be Informed\",\"The r
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.78:T5be,"])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.82:T882,"])</script>
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Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-effects-of-sai?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"552dbb680912\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"10/01/2025\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"e76e9c6fd7b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b155231b278\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected eight grantee teams to research a wide-ranging set of areas related to high-latitude deployment of SAI. The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. These data will be made publicly available on the Reflective \"},{\"_key\":\"a73464e85afa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d172fe1c2eba\"],\"text\":\"Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"b543f04055c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d172fe1c2eba\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5eb4aeb59032\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Currently, most SAI modeling assumes deployment at altitudes above 20 km—for instance, the ARISE-SAI scenario involves injections at ~22km. However, a fleet of aircraft capable of reaching these altitudes does not currently exist. The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? Is there a threshold—during a gradual ramp-up (not exceeding current warming rates)—at which negative impacts necessitate higher-altitude, lower-latitude deployment via specialized aircraft? When might this occur?\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"769515ba678f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b039be04aafa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Surface Impacts: Are there specific surface impacts (e.g., air quality, atmospheric chemistry, water availability/quality, permafrost thaw, temperature extremes, ecosystem changes, food security, etc.) that would need to be monitored, or researched more in depth, as they represent a significant source of uncertainties for high-latitude/low-altitude deployments?\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"981615e8315b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3ef43653f654\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"adb36a1e938b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grantees\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with countries with Funded Groups shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-90fab75c25f8d987e68e8fa05ec7711cbf339b2b-984x520-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-impacts-and-tradeoffs\"}}
1],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Impacts and Tradeoffs of Simulated High-Latitude/Low-Altitude SAI Deployment (RE-1001)\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"87daee71eb63\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"8c937651a5f7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d6ebc85fa0b4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This project aims to reduce uncertainty in aerosol representation and radiative forcing in CESM2-WACCM by developing a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) that systematically varies aerosol and cloud microphysics parameters. Using machine learning emulators calibrated against observations and historical temperatures, the work integrates both bottom-up and top-down constraints to improve model fidelity and inform assessments of aerosol-based climate interventions. Information gained from the PPE will be foundational for many of Reflective’s research goals.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"grantees\":[{\"_key\":\"1ad6a5cb67ba\",\"_type\":\"grantee\",\"researchers\":[{\"_key\":\"92b72eb089b1\",\"_type\":\"researcher\",\"affiliation\":\"Associate research scientist\",\"name\":\"Hunter Brown\"},{\"_key\":\"a68cca739ad8\",\"_type\":\"researcher\",\"affiliation\":\"Managing faculty\",\"name\":\"Daniel McCoy\"}],\"title\":\"University of Wyoming\"}],\"showStatus\":false,\"title\":\"Uncertainty Quantification and Reduction in Stratospheric Aerosol Forcing in WACCM\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"e34f012824d2\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"89d7e0b36772\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c31346072d74\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"In early 2025, proposed funding cuts were already affecting the people and programs critical to understanding atmospheric chemistry. Uncertainty and reductions in support were forcing talented scientists to leave the field. Losing experts from organizations like NOAA’s Chemical Sciences Laboratory would set back efforts to understand chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere, increase uncertainties in future climate projections, and limit our ability to prepare for extreme weather and public health risks.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"15efb6097fa5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"44685027d324\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We set up a fellowship program to help ensure continuity for key contributors to government research and monitoring programs, allowing them to continue their efforts to better understand the atmosphere without disruption.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"042aa28de260\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://open.substack.com/pub/reflectiveclimate/p/ensuring-continuity-for-atmospheric?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Federal Response Fellowships\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"b3415dcc0bea\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"e8a249cff0fc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06b743da2bf0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Between May - July 2025, Reflective commissioned a trade study to review existing aircraft capabilities (including max altitude, payload capacity, and range) and engineering modifications needed for high-altitude operation (15 km+). A total of 20 aircraft were assessed with 3 modification pathways studied.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"grantees\":[{\"_key\":\"d0ea4f2cd960\",\"_type\":\"grantee\",\"title\":\"Aerospace Testing Engineering Certification (AeroTEC)\"}],\"showStatus\":false,\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Preliminary Aircraft and Engineering Trade Study\",\"visibility\":false},{\"_key\":\"bcc1cb940933\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"471f31c5a1f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"289f58ca105f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective supported Jeremy Irvin, a PhD candidate in Andrew Ng’s lab at Stanford, to develop a v1.0 SAI emulator. 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Climate models have shown that sunlight reflection, when combined with emissions reductions, has meaningful potential to reduce near-term climate impacts. Despite theoretical reasons for optimism, we still lack enough evidence and data to make a robust scientifically-informed decision about the potential impact of deployment. Our mission is to answer those questions to understand the potential impacts of SRM and if/how we could use it responsibly.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is sunlight reflection? Is it safe?\"},{\"_key\":\"0c7eed20fedc\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"22b09c21ddd1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9ee6187d0bfa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. SAI is not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. SAI does not address the root cause of anthropogenic climate change—the buildup of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), which persist for centuries, driving long-term warming, ocean acidification, and changes in extreme weather and climate. SAI may temporarily lower temperatures, but reducing greenhouse gas emissions significantly and quickly is essential for lasting climate stability and environmental health.\\n\\nSAI is not intended to provide a comprehensive solution to climate change, but it might allow the necessary time for more permanent climate solutions and decarbonization to take hold.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Is SAI a replacement for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?\"},{\"_key\":\"9f3a3e5260a8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0a4845de13fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"39cd9f6daed5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. Reflective supports expanding research in areas necessary for making informed decisions on whether and how to responsibly deploy SAI, when that time comes. We do not advocate for or against deployment, only providing the scientific evidence to supp
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The Roadmap, along with our \"},{\"_key\":\"732f0e7ba8a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"0b60298bc932\"],\"text\":\"Uncertainty Database\"},{\"_key\":\"78f9b510ccec\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", identifies the most valuable and timely questions and the research required to reduce/resolve those uncertainties for responsible decision making on SAI.\\n\\nReflective also \"},{\"_key\":\"2f1c24a62b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"664adfa4b3f6\"],\"text\":\"funds research projects\"},{\"_key\":\"a8e9ad5ce970\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" around the globe that align with the priorities of the SAI Research Roadmap.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b54a1d1b9e20\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"da24e2aa91c3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://simulator.reflective.org/?var=tas\u0026spatial_agg=WGI+Reference\u0026decade_visualization=2091-2100\u0026ssp_scenario=SSP2-4.5\u0026temp_target=1.5\u0026start_year=2035\u0026ramp_up=10\"},{\"_key\":\"b9a930ef4bf0\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"0b60298bc932\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://uncertainties.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"664adfa4b3f6\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/research/funding-opportunities\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What kinds of research and projects does Reflective fund?\"},{\"_key\":\"94813c53114d\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"ffc00ceb38ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240be8778c8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed method to reflect incoming sunlight. SAI, which would involve distributing reflective aerosols, such as sulfates, in the lower stratosphere. These aerosols will reflect some sunlight into space, thereby decreasing the amount of heat that reaches the Earth. The idea is inspired by volcanic eruptions, which naturally send particles into the atmosphere, temporarily cooling the Earth.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)?\"},{\"_key\":\"5083651ca23b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"3113351b9f02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"115e90f6a545\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"$96\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Why are you focused only on stratospheric aerosols?\"},{\"_key\":\"b72dc43a67c0\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0710681fa4c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"559d02f7581c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The \"},{\"_key\":\"baa515d1e82b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"25eaf7df7b29\"],\"text\":\"SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"acde9c09d756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" is a first-of-its-kind plan for the field, intended to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources to build the evidence base needed for responsible decision making on SAI. It provides a plan for the technical research needed to determine whether SAI is a tool the world could ever use responsibly to reduce global temperatures.\\n\\nThe Roadmap is built for policymakers, funders, and scientists, and shows how the field can narrow the most consequential scientific uncertainties step by step: from how reflective particles behave in the stratosphere to how different SAI strategies might affect the global climate. Research activities include a scientific justification, scope of work, estimated cost, and timeline, so funding and effort can be directed to the most valuable and timely questions.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"25eaf7df7b29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is the SAI Research Roadmap?\"},{\"_key\":\"796a32db4d4b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"d1e3f9de8084\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28edc7b7657c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective is a nonprofit, funded entirely by grants or donations from a number of leading philanthropies focused on addressing climate change. We do not accept anonymous donations and transparently post a full list of our donors on our website. We also do not accept donations from corporations, foundations, or individuals if the majority of their current profits or wealth come from the fossil fuel industry unless they can clearly demonstrate that they do not have a conflict of interest and present a strong track record of supporting efforts to address anthropogenic climate change.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How is Reflective funded?\"},{\"_key\":\"5a269b524bf8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"8e0307db23a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"693a7b05fe15\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"dcfa69f39fb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d34f972a2259\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"ca939b2b1bb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or reach out to us from our \"},{\"_key\":\"44715ba36ae8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc940ec51b26\"],\"text\":\"contact\"},{\"_key\":\"f4d3f581e2a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" page.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d34f972a2259\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fc940ec51b26\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"/contact\"}
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.9f:T556,"])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T4df,Andrew Light serves as a Senior Advisor for Reflective. Andrew served as Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs at the U.S. of Energy from 2021 to 2025. With his team, he worked to accelerate and expand over three dozen bilateral clean energy and energy security partnerships with an array of countries. Andrew was also lead U.S. negotiator for successful energy tracks of the G7, G20, and APEC, and Vice Chair of the Governing Board of the International Energy Agency. Earlier in his career, he served as Senior Adviser and India Counselor to the U.S. Special Envoy on Climate Change at the State Department, and was Distinguished Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute, and Senior Fellow and Director of International Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. An accomplished scholar as well as policymaker, Light has authored or edited 19 books and more than 100 articles and book chapters on climate change, environmental valuation, and sustainability. His government service has earned him honors including a U.S. Secretary of Energy Achievement Award, a Superior Honor Award from the Department of State, and an Administrator's Gold Medal Award from the National Nuclear Security Administration.ae:T882,"])</script>
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We're committed to expanding the perspectives, areas of expertise and regions involved in this research.\",\"heading\":\"Funding Opportunities\",\"layout\":\"column\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"5a115a5a9f67\",\"_type\":\"tabs\",\"tabs\":[{\"_key\":\"6c874c4babcf\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#e1cbba\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":26.153846153846146,\"l\":0.8058823529411765,\"s\":0.3939393939393939},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":26.153846153846146,\"s\":0.17333333333333334,\"v\":0.8823529411764706},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":186,\"g\":203,\"r\":225}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"7b531725df15\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"2bde9e44478b\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Opportunity ID\",\"value\":\"RE-1002\"},{\"_key\":\"b5cc25a44889\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Total Funding Available\",\"value\":\"$$1,500,000\"},{\"_key\":\"6fa62449b7e4\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Maximum Funding Per Award\",\"value\":\"$$150,000\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"04db8982492b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"59e68d61af36\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective’s mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make timely, informed decisions about stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"b20a88cea700\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"acdf19b96a1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2dbabd59f08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e96686bda053\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d5380d322fa7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s 7th Assessment Report is in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. 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Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}}}],\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e166304e0f02\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Learn More\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/p/award-announcement-effects-of-sai?r=6my3th\u0026utm_campaign=post\u0026utm_medium=web\"}}],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"552dbb680912\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"10/01/2025\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"e76e9c6fd7b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b155231b278\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected eight grantee teams to research a wide-ranging set of areas related to high-latitude deployment of SAI. The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. These data will be made publicly available on the Reflective \"},{\"_key\":\"a73464e85afa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d172fe1c2eba\"],\"text\":\"Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"b543f04055c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d172fe1c2eba\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5eb4aeb59032\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Currently, most SAI modeling assumes deployment at altitudes above 20 km—for instance, the ARISE-SAI scenario involves injections at ~22km. However, a fleet of aircraft capable of reaching these altitudes does not currently exist. The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? Is there a threshold—during a gradual ramp-up (not exceeding current warming rates)—at which negative impacts necessitate higher-altitude, lower-latitude deployment via specialized aircraft? 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1],\"showStatus\":false,\"status\":\"Awarded\",\"title\":\"Impacts and Tradeoffs of Simulated High-Latitude/Low-Altitude SAI Deployment (RE-1001)\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"87daee71eb63\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"faded\":false,\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"8c937651a5f7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d6ebc85fa0b4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This project aims to reduce uncertainty in aerosol representation and radiative forcing in CESM2-WACCM by developing a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) that systematically varies aerosol and cloud microphysics parameters. Using machine learning emulators calibrated against observations and historical temperatures, the work integrates both bottom-up and top-down constraints to improve model fidelity and inform assessments of aerosol-based climate interventions. 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In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"b20a88cea700\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"acdf19b96a1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2dbabd59f08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e96686bda053\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d5380d322fa7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s 7th Assessment Report is in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. This RFP is intended to expand the evidence base by supporting \"},{\"_key\":\"be9850d2be7c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"fast-paced research \"},{\"_key\":\"e08f7aaaf9c5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"that can be completed – and submitted for publication – within this timeline.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-03-02\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"Application\",\"issueDate\":\"2026-02-02\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"3389382d53d5\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-21T18:21:54Z\",\"_id\":\"348a69eb-648f-4b3a-a43a-82fc75ffab79\",\"_rev\":\"M7woOCHH1NDuICF5GKAept\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"348a69eb-648f-4b3a-a43a-82fc75ffab79\",\"rev\":\"NKxnQ9uMAwwqLJqdK1fuM1\"}},\"_type\":\"rfp\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-02-19T18:49:21Z\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#858f6a\"},\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"d83b658d9cb4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c457a90d412e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Request for Proposals (RFP) ID: RE-1002\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"67707b6c1f36\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e99c820b7086\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"_key\":\"1629fffc777e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Please submit your proposal through \"},{\"_key\":\"b1979de869f0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"41a094cc5729\"],\"text\":\"this\"},{\"_key\":\"691006368431\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" application form\"},{\"_key\":\"e7b75c63014c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"b8e0b5fd8be7\"],\"text\":\".\"},{\"_key\":\"7a3533639f32\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" You may download a PDF version of this \"},{\"_key\":\"55a0e0b56ac6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\",\"c1b1ce5377f7\"],\"text\":\"RFP here\"},{\"_key\":\"a176d25c8a08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". For any questions, please review the\"},{\"_key\":\"1bd85d942ffb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"e5980214f150\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b8fc1f0e8887\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"0cd21b160063\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"39633a054341\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"before submitting your question via\"},{\"_key\":\"32a9bf5690bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"020d0bd88fdd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"42e00aa2bb18\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"b48cd814c9f4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". \"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b8fc1f0e8887\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"},{\"_key\":\"42e00aa2bb18\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"c1b1ce5377f7\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T35wD-dUe
1EEgjkUBhj6tCx_h5nsXBdch/view?usp=sharing\"},{\"_key\":\"b8e0b5fd8be7\",\"_type\":\"link\"},{\"_key\":\"41a094cc5729\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"221b42fed0dd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e33d154f77bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Key Dates\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"9a286dedb034\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"24bf0ab0d22d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"RFP Issue Date\",\"Mon February 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"08eb64397f2d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Live Q\u0026A Session\",\"Wed February 18, 2026 (8:15am PT)\"]},{\"_key\":\"1622f4dabf8d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"Mon March 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"a0f10eacae01\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Date of Proposal Outcome Notifications\",\"Week of April 13, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"628070ce1df2\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Grant Start Date\",\"Mon May 4, 2026\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"5b99e696ede8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"02fdcf577ee4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Funding Opportunity Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"be39d0fae213\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3c7c5ee4b70a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Background\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"732fe1b0f0a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"57897bcc2ee8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective’s mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make timely, informed decisions about stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). In support of that mission, \"},{\"_key\":\"a82fbc3a313c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"this two-part RFP seeks proposals to develop understanding of the interaction of SAI with (1) earth system tipping points, and (2) climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1a070949b520\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2cf28815139\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report is now in preparation and will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027. Its assessment of SAI will shape the field for years to come. It is therefore critical that the authors have access to the broadest and most robust evidence base possible. This RFP is intended to expand that evidence base by supporting \"},{\"_key\":\"7529488e7c35\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"fast-paced research \"},{\"_key\":\"7b125917b99f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"that can be completed – and submitted for publication – within this timeline.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a607803a0c90\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c92b16ffa171\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1: Tipping Points\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"89ae06110473\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"518183d5543c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Tipping points in the earth system represent major risks to human welfare (\"},{\"_key\":\"b94f902973bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"496b8e3cc7df\"],\"text\":\"Lenton et al., 2019\"},{\"_key\":\"62f0e4c79316\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", \"},{\"_key\":\"0e66f9886773\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"76c04dfc8c73\"],\"text\":\"Armstrong-McKay et al., 2022\"},{\"_key\":\"9ca255e954a5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). For example, a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would cause abrupt and large climate shifts, including cooling in Northern Europe and disruption to tropical precipitation, threatening global food security (\"},{\"_key\":\"01ffca0c0e9e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"3a5d37e934d1\"],\"text\":\"Ritchie et al., 2020\"},{\"_key\":\"d813381c35ce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). Sunlight reflection interventions have been shown to reduce the changes in drivers of many tipping elements (\"},{\"_key\":\"bcd7d9825d67\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b8421900974d\"],\"text\":\"Zhao et al., 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"d00e583f00c0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), but research on the interaction of tipping with SAI is limited and large uncertainties remain.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"496b8e3cc7df\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03595-0\"},{\"_key\":\"76c04dfc8c73\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950\"},{\"_key\":\"3a5d37e934d1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-019-0011-3\"},{\"_key\":\"b8421900974d\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025EF006736\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca342f3614ea\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83099b18d35e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The limited research on interactions between SAI and tipping elements is a problem because SAI has several characteristics which could drive novel responses from tipping elements, including:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7b442f556c23\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"712d12eea298\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Altering global mean temperature while leaving atmospheric CO₂ concentrations largely unchanged\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"13ac5a88b6f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1042b05a4ec7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Producing scenario-dependent meridional temperature gradients and regional climate responses\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c9397a793c64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5fe9132291c0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Introducing novel temporal pathways of temperature change, including non-monotonic trajectories, and rapid rates of change (such as abrupt warming following termination)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"afc81ef26814\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eccd23b391e0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reducing direct sunlight and UV radiation, while increasing diffuse radiation\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ba89b459bc3d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"558ebd509212\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"063e2bb7ec0b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3f0a1649265\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Because of these features, the non-linear phenomena which drive tipping dynamics may respond differently to SAI than to greenhouse gas forced change, and may vary across different SAI implementation scenarios.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e593f8df8323\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"624e31205cd8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"31938ad4d7ab\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"dc8de1bb576a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2: Climate Impacts\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d6b6b2a4690c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c1648d0cbd21\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate impacts refer to the consequences of climate change for human and natural systems, including food security, human health, ecosystem responses, infrastru
1cture and economic activity. While there has been significant research into climate impacts under SAI, comprehensive assessments remain limited. In many cases, we also lack a detailed understanding of how impacts vary with SAI strategy and of the relative contributions of different sources of uncertainty.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66292297155f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"81acb376dfc1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"0e52f31027cb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3d02cf69288\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We seek proposals which address one or both of two topics: first, how SAI interacts with tipping elements and may increase or reduce the risk of abrupt or irreversible changes in the climate system; and second, how SAI affects climate impacts.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"30646a9cd20b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6af8b9150311\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Across both topics, we will prioritize research that delivers one or both of the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3dd92a461243\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"45c13a210678\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"802568928108\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c3993e12cf38\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"35fd85c51f77\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"6e3c4c753267\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"340c079da5ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06d897b5b91a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We welcome proposals that replicate, extend, or stress-test recent studies, particularly where newer SAI simulations or alternative injection strategies allow deeper insight.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"033913491a5c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9e2e47126321\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Proposed studies should produce one or more of the following outputs:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8d0300eb5701\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"acf56afcea81\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1: Tipping Points\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"98a39762e798\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"657b1ef01c55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Understanding of the causal effects on tipping elements of the specific set of driving conditions expected under SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"65f6656bfc02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0271298c788b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantification of the scenario, injection strategy, and model dependence of SAI’s effects on tipping risks.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"eb375f73398c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"32a438bad9c7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Assessment of the path dependence — or hysteresis — of tipping point responses to SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9b773b5022d9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea2023c36e55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Expansion of the existing evidence base to include new SAI-tipping interactions.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8e041ff2733b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e9a3f1445d69\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals could address any earth system tipping elements – see the \"},{\"_key\":\"17fb358573cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"13610c710eed\"],\"text\":\"2025 Global Tipping Points Report\"},{\"_key\":\"8d077953fb82\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or \"},{\"_key\":\"3f36d72b9871\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"991e4175004c\"],\"text\":\"Armstrong-McKay et al., (2022\"}
1,{\"_key\":\"60ceb255a1b8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for examples. Priority will be given to proposals which target tipping elements with global impacts, near-term urgency (i.e. low temperature thresholds and/or short timescales), or dynamics which suggest the response to SAI might differ substantially from the response to greenhouse-gas driven temperature change\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"13610c710eed\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://global-tipping-points.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"991e4175004c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5f998c6fd0d9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ab7212140f7d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Examples of projects which would be well aligned with this opportunity include:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6cb71a647f11\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"93f9fd708d96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A holistic assessment of the response of tipping drivers to SAI (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"b93805268766\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"5498356398e2\"],\"text\":\"Zhao et al., 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"5cc8da881713\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), using recent GeoMIP simulations to address inter-model uncertainty\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"5498356398e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025EF006736\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7686eb608368\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6de3e6a10254\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Idealized modeling of AMOC dynamics, used to understand the path and scenario dependence in its response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1632c2da935c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"85d83c25a026\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"An assessment of the multi-model range in drivers of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse across SAI simulations, exploring mechanisms underlying inter-model differences\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d8c340bc5d52\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5ebf4c6759d7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Driving vegetation models with earth system model forcings to effects of the unique combination of temperature, CO2 concentration, and direct/diffuse radiative fluxes under SAI on case study ecosystems, such as the Amazon or Boreal forests\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ab74c84cadee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"672d269f69fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2: Climate Impacts\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6d59505761a9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5cd4b70bcdbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantitative, global assessments of the effect of SAI on a critical climate impact or set of impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"69e0743c16d0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9cd1d936ee93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Mechanistic, process-level understanding of how SAI drives changes in one or more climate impacts.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8d6784342785\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"348d5933aa8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Insight into how and why the response of one or more climate responses are expected to vary depending on injection strategy and magnitude.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"57c54d552866\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea47e98e8ff6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Expansion of existing research to include assessment of scenario and model uncertainty\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8c5d35dd245e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"06c08bd140e0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Quantification of the contributions of different drivers of uncertainty in climate impacts under SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a9e039bddb3a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8f6c0ccebf10\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Examples of projects which w
1ould be well aligned with this opportunity include:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6ec98e0c6f5b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbd229c6b541\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Globally comprehensive assessments of the SAI’s effects on:\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"27a9aa0a7a92\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"07de69053b18\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Temperature-driven mortality and extreme heat exposure\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d3084ca0eaaa\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"84cfa2ae001e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Air pollution impacts on human health\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d7575d7b2b37\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"22aa72af527b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Human health impacts of shortwave radiation changes\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d3c2a1872e22\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"12252b416ba6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Assessment of global and regional sea level rise (thermosteric and dynamic) under SAI, in a multi-model setting (e.g. in G6-1.5K-SAI simulations) or including land ice contributions\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"16f0b9630edc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d63d21e9f156\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A meta-analysis, synthesizing evidence on the response of monsoons to SAI.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3fefaf916219\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6a05e90df96b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Methods\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"e8437fabc0b4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"38ac68f6f74d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We welcome a variety of methodological approaches, including (but not limited to):\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b8e4e45e4403\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6b56f5a6c5d4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Analysis of Earth System Model (ESM) simulations, such as the recent GeoMIP G6-1.5K-SAI and G6-1.5K-HiLLA experiments\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e0679a6fb52e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea7e15abcae0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Domain-specific (offline) models, such as crop models and ice sheet models\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"72c88631adf3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d4de79a4c17a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Idealized models of tipping dynamics and reduced complexity climate models\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"87585c7ed9ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"896edfb72b5d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Meta-analyses and review papers synthesizing multiple lines of evidence to provide new insights\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"80e3b7bc68ea\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3aab286bab96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"SAI simulations\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"4d8ad409b31c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"952632723a4c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"All grantees will be welcome to use the Reflective Cloud to access SAI simulations and run analysis. This is a new community Jupyter Notebook platform developed by Reflective, and open to any SRM researchers (not just Reflective grantees), which provides free compute resources on AWS alongside a curated archive of SAI simulations (see below). Data from the recent G6-1.5K-SAI and G6-1.5K-HiLLA experiment are available on AWS via the Reflective Cloud, and this archive will be expanded to facilitate grantee requests where possible.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fc765ae44d9e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bdcaa90a205d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Eligibility\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"028cf1b13142\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d1c6ef977f5d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant is open to academic institutions, non-profits, government-affiliated organizations, and similar groups. Individual researchers with appropriate resources may also apply.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8dffaec9ebe2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1ac0d39a114e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"There are no restrictions on country of origin, and projects from the Global South are highly encouraged.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"36a5cee04dff\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0d285a774a14\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Only one application may be submitted by the same research group or PI + co-PIs. Multiple applications may be received from the same institution from different research groups within said organization.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"54b6164da5ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5180397b6aff\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals with experts across different disciplines and/or organizations are encouraged.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2c5a32037640\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"60712a3bab71\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For-profit organizations are eligible to apply as either a prime or sub-contractor, and must follow the same open-access guidelines as other organizations.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a290880f4d5f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240444fccdca\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Process\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"c8fd595354a6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7d0122907192\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If you have any questions, you may submit your question via \"},{\"_key\":\"a2d6226c1b59\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"113e783974aa\"],\"text\":\"this Q\u0026A form\"},{\"_key\":\"86d9beddeda2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or attend a live Q\u0026A session from 8:15am - 9:15am PST on Wednesday, February 18th, 2026. Please register for the Q\u0026A session \"},{\"_key\":\"7d2015eabc41\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b65501f44a3a\"],\"text\":\"here\"},{\"_key\":\"d9f20e96d476\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"113e783974aa\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"b65501f44a3a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://zoom.us/meeting/register/GoJc2L3MQCGi3jgGfTb8Lw\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2921f6051ce3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50883ed66249\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Submit a proposal by 11:59pm PST on Monday, March 2, 2026 using \"},{\"_key\":\"47abd3f3b64e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"778d77bb7635\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"0d6f75e12e27\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". A preview of application questions can be \"},{\"_key\":\"8bd0d89cb065\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e29952723523\"],\"text\":\"reviewed below\"},{\"_key\":\"16220cee142b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"778d77bb7635\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-app\"},{\"_key\":\"e29952723523\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/effects-of-sai-on-tipping-points-and-climate-impacts-rfp#application-content-requirements\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"060e9ae93e4f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b646f08dc642\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications will undergo an initial eligibility screening before being sent to our external reviewers for a thorough evaluation using \"},{\"_key\":\"d8c9b64b3c69\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"1ad28d4eed36\"],\"text\":\"the criteria outlined below\"},{\"_key\":\"5b0c7d8a78ee\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"1ad28d4eed36\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/effects-of-sai-on-tipping-points-and-climate-impacts-rfp#evaluation-criteria\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0f9d31f80775\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b11471d951d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Have someone in mind who would make a great peer reviewer for this proposal? Nominate them \"},{\"_key\":\"e0b0db1faa3d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"8c270728fe59\"],\"text\":\"here\"},{\"_key\":\"c18978a945c3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"!\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"8c270728fe59\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/reviewer_nomination\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f98320b529ba\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a71d9c13a80b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We anticipate notifying applicants of the proposal outcome the week of April 13th, 2026 with an anticipated project start date of May 4, 2026.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c383d1e653dc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"30997600892f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"You may find our standard grant agreement template \"},{\"_key\":\"89fd2324b5d5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ec814e3af850\"],\"text\":\"via this link\"},{\"_key\":\"ac23f67be94f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"ec814e3af850\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mPl7-Sbb7zab2-kvlLn3zmOx7T1jXmQS/edit?usp=sharing\u0026ouid=113841098453488945048\u0026rtpof=true\u0026sd=true\"}
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To the extent possible, and where data is not already easily available by other routes, Reflective will facilitate access to needed model outputs by adding them to our archive stored on AWS associated with the Reflective cloud. We invite applicants to describe \"},{\"_key\":\"332c9170ccb0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6fd57b4717a2\"],\"text\":\"in the Application\"},{\"_key\":\"aa45b3169fce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" what use, if any, they would make of these simulations, and what outputs, including the desired variable and temporal resolution, they would need to support their research. If a particularly high data volume output is required, please briefly explain its necessity. If specific, limited, additional ESM simulations would be critical to a project, applicants are welcome to indicate this and Reflective will try to facilitate collaborations with modeling groups. 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This screening will include checks for the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3262dd7f91df\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9f3882960c92\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Eligible organization/institution type\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"525ab6240ec9\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"657d420a94fe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within budget guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8eb27e0b82f0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ac20fb0ac30a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within project period of performance guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a777633c3248\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9f7ccf8ed379\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"High level check on alignment with RFP Goals\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"625ed390e7d5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"dad7ca1e85b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Peer Review Evaluation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"b6624e1c002d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6dec197feb36\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications that pass the eligibility screening will be evaluated by at least two peer reviewers with relevant areas of expertise, where possible. 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1,{\"_key\":\"4a2a22a5dd7a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4a20e8fb9fce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Feasibility and appropriateness of the proposed approach/methodology\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"eeefaee35eb2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"439e07b7ae16\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation of the reasonableness of the budget and timeline and whether the project team has the resources and capabilities needed to complete the work\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d91d54a7c1f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b05a6ccd5ac1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation will consider the balance of feasibility and novelty, and we encourage a more detailed risk management plan for any particularly high-risk projects.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8a8cfe1b31b1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b378ef8eb161\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Overall feedback\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fee4026d00a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50f813d325a0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Strengths of the proposal\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3eb5f61c164a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0c71eaddc912\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Potential weaknesses of the proposal\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b6ae935a5294\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"163f49757335\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Additional risks\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"627ba1fba55a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5137af1fd4df\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Application Content Requirements\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"b850d68ff699\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fa29c1b08a32\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Proposal Content\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"3cee70b154eb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1c02aab04f11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Each proposal must include the information outlined in this section. We strongly recommend using the section headers described below, but you may alter/modify this to suit the needs of your project. Proposals should be submitted in PDF format and have a max 5 pages including figures, data, and visuals. All text must be a minimum of 10 point font and margins should be at least 1 inch on all sides. References may extend beyond the 5 page limit.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a3ad53046be0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"60b2d869d4ed\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Abstract (~0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"149c827ed760\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3c851709517c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Include the project title, project duration, which topic this project aligns with, budget, and a brief description of the research goals and final deliverables.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a88a77f4e581\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"083da916566b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Technical Description (~2-3 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"97e77c49c003\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"46147f6e08d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals:\"},{\"_key\":\"0269c42250b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Explain in detail what your research goals are for this proposal and your motivation for pursuing them. Describe how this research will significantly advance our understanding of SAI’s interaction with tipping points and/or climate impacts and how it aligns with the RFP’s research goals.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9a9858bbfc57\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d9f64458e95e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Methodology:\"},{\"_key\":\"ff5674e930a4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Provide details on your intended methodology, including scientific rationale and/or references to support it. This should include an explanation of any existing simulations or data you intend on utilizing in y
1our research, if applicable.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7edc85bb4020\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"843deb4087ca\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Timeline \u0026 Milestones:\"},{\"_key\":\"970e70f91b9b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide an estimated timeline for the project, including specifics about when you expect to complete certain milestones.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5049aca8d7c4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7088a57ecbf6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Final Deliverables:\"},{\"_key\":\"d0d50c339842\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please describe the final deliverable(s) for your project.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c74e65a96005\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2d7d1c4a1ff0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: In the spirit of promoting open, faster science, we require grantees to pre-print immediately and to publish in open-access journals. We also encourage grantees to consider how else to disseminate results beyond journals and can provide direct technical support for building and maintaining “living data products” — continuously updated, openly accessible datasets and workflows that automatically incorporate new data and make scientific outputs easy for others to reuse and extend.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d22a46753a11\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0abb84858b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Risks \u0026 Mitigation Strategies:\"},{\"_key\":\"82430e2ff75f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please share any risks that could derail the timeline, budget, or ability to deliver the project deliverables and how you will mitigate said risks.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2843c95decb3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29dc8f545c96\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend table format for this.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e4102d50d1fd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"65d6a11fc37d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 3: Project Team \u0026 Budget (~1-1.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"39a79655fba2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d63a9a5f02af\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Team:\"},{\"_key\":\"f3bfd1d0de7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Share the background of each project team member, their affiliation, and what they will contribute to the project. Where possible, please include some indication of how much time the person will commit (e.g. full-time, part-time, advisor etc.)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b056f28a0e50\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3942458aa829\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend doing this in table format\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3ad2b6ecff6c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"50ef4364e989\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Resources:\"},{\"_key\":\"e625cd28690f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" ​​Please describe the resources, tools, software, and technology available to you/the team for this project.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76afbff66921\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"cb78497730fd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Budget Justification:\"},{\"_key\":\"bd6b4af0a7ee\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide narrative context on your budget workbook including details like how budget amounts were calculated and what travel/conferences are included and why.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6091c6adba66\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8da4e31f2dd0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 4: Current and Pending (\u003c0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"af689f6b5bc0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8d1614a32c78\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Current grants, including project goals, timelines, and any overlap with this proposal.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7e200a77e18c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4123d6ae6039\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Form Questions\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"4f1b3d2f53a4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5d2b92f393dd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is a copy of the application form to help you prepare your application materials in advance. The softw
1are we use will save a copy of your responses locally to your computer and browser, but we recommend preparing your responses beforehand in a separate document before submission. Questions marked with an asterisk are required.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ba3cad443cb7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41c71fe114b9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"33f66394cad7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d7a285a38ef3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Applicant Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5912d1168592\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c2be9b07bd11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Organization Type*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d33fd6b94bbd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eb96da9b6606\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"University/Academic 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Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c5118993c1b6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ce6a48a5e4d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Primary Principal Investigator (PI) Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0e2143ac8843\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"419e38234fdb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI First Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ebc7223d6734\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a67b32d0932a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI Last Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a00403e2fe72\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3b6d44335efc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI Email Address*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3725ac3a19e1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a94d70b73a65\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"How did you hear about this funding opportunity?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ada0ff5867a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9b839a39660e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"What regions are represented on your project team?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c7f72c91e41d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"49a2284e8c5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Africa\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9c41f9fe93a8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"34e5d2f4ac99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Asia\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ead61288c31a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d024aabe31fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Europe\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"69e712bd906d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6a696a296f02\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Latin America \u0026 Caribbean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4a09573b4433\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f44f7e5909aa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"U.S./Canada\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"00ddcb09c303\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29d5346a7913\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Middle East\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"14f4cb7098ce\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ecf8bfc9d00b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Oceania\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3cbd937f77d2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"738e32611af5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c0192808de3d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"55f05e2300b1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Proposal\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e973451579a6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5ff0d64bfe59\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Project Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0c95f8b6e25d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"05dd7ccbb764\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Which overall research question(s) from the RFP does your proposal address?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"afebc1677c8d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a365c5a27625\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate Impacts\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"827dd5b11b70\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea993a9ab26f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Tipping Points\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bc7f095ba525\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a48ab6f97756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please submit a proposal outlining answers to the 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1in the “Proposal Content” section of the RFP. All proposals must be in PDF format and a max of 5 pages (including figures, data, and visuals).*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f86851fb9cdd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"17e1a59dcfed\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please upload ONE file with the resumes/CVs of all project team members with the PI as the first resume in the file. 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\"},{\"_key\":\"88bd4b2c7f05\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"underline\",\"5cb9d38301d9\"],\"text\":\"Download Here\"},{\"_key\":\"acc1ea47effe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" \"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"5cb9d38301d9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1_17iHM3Ixf8TikBrRqi8pSOfypIwEQoe\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}]},{\"_key\":\"cc14f068d74a\",\"_ref\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"news\"},\"title\":\"News\"},\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1002-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tags\":[\"Academic Institution\",\"Non-profits/NGOs\",\"Government-Affilitatied\",\"Independent Researchers\"],\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Effects of SAI on Tipping Points \u0026 Climate Impacts\",\"visibility\":false},{\"_key\":\"108574cf81ea\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"306f54ca0716\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Phase 2 due date\",\"value\":\"1/18/2027\"},{\"_key\":\"b70c6f6276e2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Total Funding Available\",\"value\":\"$$500,000\"},{\"_key\":\"f77d0d12ca2f\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Max Funding per Award\",\"value\":\"$$100,000\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"d2327ecb30a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f11cf78eabc2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP aims to \"},{\"_key\":\"0ada3b5087d4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"deliver new simulations of current GeoMIP experiments\"},{\"_key\":\"7828970db5f5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" to increase the \"},{\"_key\":\"252df8973ec4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"number and variety\"},{\"_key\":\"3b0b18fe0b35\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of models participating in GeoMIP.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"55ea56da4da7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"359f6955607d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1d68efbc2b64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29fac8bc4e2b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We are offering grants to modeling centers to run GeoMIP7 stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) experiments and/or the CMIP6 G6- counterparts, in earth system models with the capability to do so. Funding for groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations will be prioritized, and groups from the Global South are highly encouraged to apply.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f62464f37bd2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7641ed901282\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7370a5389125\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"051908f9fd64\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals for phase 1 are due by November 2nd, 2026; Phase 2 by January 18th 2027.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"04830cd3f716\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7105a5c3c59d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f78f30644b42\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b43c1bda0ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This RFP is designed to help address \"},{\"_key\":\"c987508943cd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc7a6e32ac97\"],\"text\":\"this research activity on the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"68b7c0060c99\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fc7a6e32ac97\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/activity/recBQusdV9OD9yNwu\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\"Description\",\"dueDate\":\"2026-11-02\",\"faded\":false,\"issueDate\":\"2026-09-22\",\"links\":[{\"_key\":\"e39cd13b5145\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-09-21T21:49:19Z\",\"_id\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"_rev\":\"8u5VyvaDv1gnh97niV2QYz\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"925d8184-65fa-4489-ba20-3a3367f83e22\",\"rev\":\"8u5VyvaDv1gnh97niV2PMz\"}},\"_type\":\"rfp\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-09-24T17:59:36Z\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#858f6a\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":76,\"l\":0.4882,\"s\":0.1486},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":76,\"s\":0.2587,\"v\":0.5608},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":106,\"g\":143,\"r\":133}},\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"d83b658d9cb4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c457a90d412e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Request for Proposals (RFP) ID: RE-1003\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"67707b6c1f36\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e99c820b7086\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\\n\"},{\"_key\":\"5b9e818b05d7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"For any questions, please review the \"},{\"_key\":\"bec10b79135e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6295c066c7fb\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"624495d00959\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\" before submitting your question via \"},{\"_key\":\"387ce1076c5b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6097f4f226e2\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"this form\"},{\"_key\":\"9e46e0ab26bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\". If you’d like to schedule a conversation about your proposal, please email at \"},{\"_key\":\"3a6c4819e898\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"054981fd1152\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"f5f752d27907\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"6295c066c7fb\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"},{\"_key\":\"6097f4f226e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"054981fd1152\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"221b42fed0dd\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e33d154f77bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Key Dates\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"9a286dedb034\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"24bf0ab0d22d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"RFP Issue Date\",\"September 22, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"08eb64397f2d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Phase 1 Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"November 2, 2026\"]},{\"_key\":\"1622f4dabf8d\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Phase 2 Submission Deadline for Proposals\",\"January 18, 2027\"]},{\"_key\":\"a0f10eacae01\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Date of Proposal Outcome Notifications\",\"Phase 1: November 23, 2026 | Phase 2: February 8, 2027\"]},{\"_key\":\"628070ce1df2\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Expected Grant Start Date\",\"Phase 1: January 1, 2027 | Phase 2: March 8, 2027\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"ba541dfb5bb6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7558c7dcf2b2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Funding Context and Objectives\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"2fcb9c74b3c4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"22223f824383\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Backgroun
1d\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5ee30a315876\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2976f49a94c2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Climate change is accelerating—intensifying extreme weather, driving biodiversity loss, and threatening global food systems. Even with stronger efforts to decarbonize and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, most climate models project that temperatures will exceed safe levels for decades. In response, stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)—the introduction of aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the planet—has emerged as a proposed means of slowing near-term warming and potentially reducing the risks associated with climate tipping points. While early modeling suggests SAI could quickly lower global temperatures, significant uncertainties remain.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"feda4870a923\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"688026e44a1b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Since its beginnings around 15 years ago (\"},{\"_key\":\"3f986b6ab71d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7e378637c95e\"],\"text\":\"Kravitz et al., 2011\"},{\"_key\":\"292c30c98caf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has been a vital coordinating framework for standardized SRM experiments (\"},{\"_key\":\"aa2a3d7af4f0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b5c46b1eded4\"],\"text\":\"Visioni et al., 2023\"},{\"_key\":\"41f61da3490d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). Sitting under the broader Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), GeoMIP simulations allow for quantitative estimates of model uncertainty in the climate response to SRM, and underpin our assessments of the robust features of that response. The value of model intercomparison projects (MIPs) arises from the number and variety of models participating (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"9bdea25f16d8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ed4da097b240\"],\"text\":\"Tebaldi \u0026 Knutti, 2007\"},{\"_key\":\"134a12dafa28\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). However, at present, only a handful of earth system models have simulated the most recent set of GeoMIP experiments; four models have completed and shared G6-1.5K-SAI outputs at time of writing (\"},{\"_key\":\"79841f2ca374\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d70479cf9d29\"],\"text\":\"Lee et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"2b3e263fada4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). With this limited number, statistics of the multi-model ensemble are sensitive to which models have participated, and it is difficult to confidently associate differences between model outputs with differences in model features.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"7e378637c95e\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/geomip/doc/10.1002-asl.316.pdf\"},{\"_key\":\"b5c46b1eded4\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/5149/2023/\"},{\"_key\":\"ed4da097b240\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsta/article-abstract/365/1857/2053/50921/The-use-of-the-multi-model-ensemble-in?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"},{\"_key\":\"d70479cf9d29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cc525ea2a63a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2b73bfed4cb3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Through this funding opportunity, we aim to increase the number and variety of earth system models (ESMs) participating in GeoMIP, in order to facilitate a more robust assessment of uncertainty in the climate response to SAI, and to support increased understanding of the physical processes which determine its impacts. We will support projects delivering simulations of current and future (i.e. G6- and G7-) GeoMIP experiments by modeling centers using sufficiently capable earth system models, and will favor applications from groups running models which have not recently contributed GeoMIP simulations. In addition to funding, the Reflective team (including GeoMIP co-chair Daniele Visioni) can also provide advice on conducting the GeoMIP experiments and are happy to discu
1ss individual proposal scope ahead of submission (email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"9a63d1f49309\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f9f37a883de1\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fec98414a405\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" if interested in an individual conversation).\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"f9f37a883de1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d457149de7d1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8899bdfc1449\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Research Goals\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"1075dbf0a65d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0088cbcb48bc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"We are seeking proposals to deliver new simulations of current GeoMIP experiments.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fe6ee6682483\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"57ea8c63bd93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We are seeking proposals for projects which will conduct simulations of current GeoMIP experiments in earth system models with the capability to do so. Such models include several classes:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d14b9c29a437\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"72763918ab2e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry climate models with interactive stratospheric aerosols and coupled ocean.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"00dd82b4387d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18c414a1d32d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry climate models with a CMIP-participating low-top version including a coupled ocean. In this case, the model family contains all necessary components to run GeoMIP SAI experiments with interactive aerosols, but these are not currently being used in coupled form. We will support research time to set up and test a model version with these components coupled together, as well as to conduct the simulations.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e1d8032c7571\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"5b92ba35ba3b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Low-top models or those without interactive aerosols, with clear justification for why the model would still represent a valuable addition to GeoMIP, and a clear plan for how prescribed aerosols could be implemented in the model.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8050e225c228\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a58ac007891e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We encourage proposals which plan to simulate \"},{\"_key\":\"e47e7634c6b5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"all\"},{\"_key\":\"488ec28533cc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of the Tier 1 GeoMIP7 SAI experiments as described in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"d61e8c9e84d0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e5e46fd00f9c\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"55e81b81a535\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), and/or their CMIP6 versions. These are:\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"e5e46fd00f9c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a58025aad5f4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c79d3e990095\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"G7-1.5K-SAI, G7-1.5K-SAI-END and G7-1.5K-HiLLA; and/or;\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8109255f321b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2de8908a27e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"G6-1.5K-SAI, G6-1.5K-SAI-END and G6-1.5K-HiLLA\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c6c4a5ecef2f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8f2cdf3da90a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will support projects simulating either or both of the CMIP6- and CMIP7-era scenarios in models of either era, depending on the project timeline and availability of model versions and the reference scenarios. The G7- experiments are described 
1in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"27174eefde6c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"98cd55a99640\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"40c5d0c3c9ab\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"); G6-1.5K-SAI in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"69c87fe68ef1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"cad39c8f62e5\"],\"text\":\"2024\"},{\"_key\":\"e7bb07726d53\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and Lee et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"cc6d6aead437\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"eddece7489ae\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"d39f5f8d26c8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"); and G6-1.5K-HiLLA in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"9911b561d90f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"948afb65119a\"],\"text\":\"2025\"},{\"_key\":\"4a5a2b420e2c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and Duffey et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ef8751638d78\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"a8d7e004b760\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"03bb0bad2a9c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"). See Figure 1 from Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ae9b56375167\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"ba6522bc2ebd\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"62c06d034857\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for an overview of these different experiments. In each case the G7- version of the experiment is identical in specification to the G6- version except for the background scenario. Carrying out these simulations also requires simulating preparatory experiments, as described by Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"1da8785377d9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"4fa550724271\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"0a9355cdba8e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; their Table 1). Simulating additional GeoMIP experiments, such as Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) and Tier 2 experiments, is welcome but not essential.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"98cd55a99640\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"cad39c8f62e5\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2583/2024/\"},{\"_key\":\"eddece7489ae\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"948afb65119a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/106/10/BAMS-D-25-0191.1.xml\"},{\"_key\":\"a8d7e004b760\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/17/353/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"ba6522bc2ebd\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"4fa550724271\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"183c9c04525b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"638878095eab\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This funding aims specifically to increase the \"},{\"_key\":\"3e08642d3f68\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"number and variety\"},{\"_key\":\"651d1458d0de\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\" \"},{\"_key\":\"e877754cc6bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"of models participating in GeoMIP. As such, we will favor proposals for models which have not recently contributed to GeoMIP (\"},{\"_key\":\"7c8a0470d3c8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"2c29503f4fff\"],\"text\":\"see Appendix\"},{\"_key\":\"b726162b8403\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\").\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"2c29503f4fff\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/increasing-geomip-models-rfp#appendix-current-geomip-model-participation\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1ea40120944f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"eca92d84704b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"If uncertain, please \"},{\"_key\":\"61988c72e06c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fb5b925b6f4b\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"reach out to us\"},{\"_key\":\"d0f6a9159bcc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\" – we are happy to discuss whether individual proposals meet our scope and to have calls with prospective applicants. Or submit questions via our \"},{\"_key\":\"a122965aa60a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"bbe1a050ddfa\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A form\"},{\"_key\":\"51f1a20a0714\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\". You may view all submitted questions via the \"},{\"_key\":\"47391d44668b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"44f37fe1b11c\",\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"Q\u0026A board\"},{\"_key\":\"8ca5cf15fc55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"fb5b925b6f4b\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"bbe1a050ddfa\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-qa\"},{\"_key\":\"44f37fe1b11c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://airtable.com/appjiEZNhTQu7B2G0/shroC6TwOo3L5bzyY\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3a4a558cce66\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"df92f823cefc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Proposals should also describe what data outputs will be saved, and how these will be sustainably and publicly stored. We encourage proposals to consider the CMIP7 data requests, including the Baseline Climate Variables (\"},{\"_key\":\"529bb3b3edbc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"635b11bf1ec3\"],\"text\":\"Juckes et al. 2025\"},{\"_key\":\"6c159e5b897d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and priorities for different c
1ommunities (e.g. \"},{\"_key\":\"926c2c726d03\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"24dbeb2d2fab\"],\"text\":\"Dingley et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"84c725f8a3e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; \"},{\"_key\":\"412a656e8d43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e481d40f26c1\"],\"text\":\"McPartland et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"644515f6f0c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; \"},{\"_key\":\"34c22fcb9b77\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"61e07e67cef5\"],\"text\":\"Fox-Kemper et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"247ebabfec43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"), and for impacts (\"},{\"_key\":\"79b2686f171a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d8a5f36c9642\"],\"text\":\"Frieler et al., 2024\"},{\"_key\":\"3a666d6ad3be\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") and regional climate modeling, as described in Visioni et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"ab763bfd4bc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f12747bcd7e2\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"eba940f0a0f2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"; their section 5). CMOR-ization of outputs and uploading data to the Earth System Grid Federation is wel
1come but not required. Grantees will be asked to provide a subset of outputs to host on the \"},{\"_key\":\"ae430e216b2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6acf055e2517\"],\"text\":\"Reflective Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"99e922f59eb9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" so that they are easily available for other researchers; delivery of cloud-optimized (zarr) data for this purpose is preferable but not essential. Proposals must also include the hosting of a primary set of outputs in a long-term, public, location such as the \"},{\"_key\":\"ba8138301ba0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"6f849c860f05\"],\"text\":\"NCAR GDEX\"},{\"_key\":\"77d707fc8921\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", \"},{\"_key\":\"7ae675551ecc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"24da66b956d9\"],\"text\":\"UK CEDA archive\"},{\"_key\":\"7e14adf2dde0\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", or \"},{\"_key\":\"8db0f6a7f6a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7b05bae3d628\"],\"text\":\"Earth System Grid Federation\"},{\"_key\":\"1e3f4ed1b9be\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"635b11bf1ec3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/18/2639/2025/\"},{\"_key\":\"24dbeb2d2fab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2945/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"e481d40f26c1\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2849/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"61e07e67cef5\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/6043/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"d8a5f36c9642\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/1/2024/\"},{\"_key\":\"f12747bcd7e2\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/8469/2026/\"},{\"_key\":\"6acf055e2517\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"6f849c860f05\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gdex.ucar.edu/\"},{\"_key\":\"24da66b956d9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://archive.ceda.ac.uk/\"},{\"_key\":\"7b05bae3d628\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://esgf.github.io/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a72d56d1f1ad\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"981b94a3f95d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Out of Scope activities\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"9ceeba74c01a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2f9d6d656e39\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is considered out of scope for this RFP.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"60843e4f5aa0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2e8706f79d8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Substantial model development, beyond coupling together existing modules and making minor modifications\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1656337f41fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fcc34faaa949\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Simulating the ScenarioMIP experiments used as background and counterfactual for the GeoMIP experiments (e.g. SSP2-4.5, or “Medium-Low” for CMIP7; \"},{\"_key\":\"9eec6b24807b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"426d7a00f818\"],\"text\":\"Van Vuuren et al., 2026\"},{\"_key\":\"3f8f7f4886b9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\")\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"426d7a00f818\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bf0cf1c70b32\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c36f073a866c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Simulating other CMIP experiments.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4a6ce516128f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c845f1f06496\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Eligibility\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"01d8509605c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"fb7999296cb9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant is targeted at \"},{\"_key\":\"73b139d39db2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\",\"em\"],\"text\":\"climate modeling centers\"},{\"_key\":\"848d9468b5fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". 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A final report demonstrating a brief validation of the final simulations is also required, and must be posted on a DOI’d public repository, such as Zenodo, as well as shared with Reflective. 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If the most relevant journal for your research is not open access, please provide further context in your proposal.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bd25e86f9878\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"25e4e7279ac6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Indirect:\"},{\"_key\":\"2a7c365e6efd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Costs not directly relevant to the project but important for operations. 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Institutions with federally negotiated indirect rates may request up to 20% indirect costs \"},{\"_key\":\"f9666c218f94\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"4978b14f9547\"],\"text\":\"per Reflective’s policy\"},{\"_key\":\"f4a8f8d121bd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"4978b14f9547\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/15BV8dUgYnmhKku82-S5ahtT35GY3U7kGJMKBrKM9fIM/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"812fa0937bd0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a6cd8637af7b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For any publications associated with Reflective funded research, we require grantees to submit to open access scientific journals. If the most relevant journal for your research is not open access, please provide further context in your proposal.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d524b61fbc70\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"90989f404ce8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We typically allocate up to $1,500-$3,000 for publication fees, but exceptions may be made with compelling justification.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"42d783e3cb91\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1b9b6cbc822c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If you are collaborating on a proposal with another institution, please fill out the Budget Worksheet with Collaborator(s) tab \"},{\"_key\":\"87e0fa7c151e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"71a4a090df1b\"],\"text\":\"in the budget worksheet\"},{\"_key\":\"fa086dc05644\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\".\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"71a4a090df1b\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11XTKIHNegoVJOZwIC64p_1_NXCSJP682USGAOaY9s9I/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca97be256ee2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b28b95ea59e4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Evaluation Criteria\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"0f0fa4d09645\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18f1173ab23d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Initial Eligibility Screening\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"839ce9b1b133\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2975e9da0b1d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The first phase of evaluation is an eligibility screening. This screening will include checks for the following:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c0ab7cf2ac45\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28869514f746\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Eligible organization/institution type\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"49494bb3b2f4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3c582dc4f93\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within budget guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"226ab5201fc4\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"739e7d52aa75\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Within project period of performance guidelines of the RFP\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b074dcdbedd6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"375a2c96fd8d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"High level check on alignment with RFP Goals\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1fa28638bdbf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1bfc06443f86\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Evaluation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"d58149978b37\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"cfa2c4b0c4a4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Applications that pass the eligibility screening will be evaluated by the Reflective team. The areas of evaluation are as follows:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"943c9bc2480b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"adf2a5ac9acc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Impact \u0026 Technical Feasibility\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0e4276d6dbcf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"56edc21285fc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Level of al
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We strongly recommend using the section headers described below, but you may alter/modify this to suit the needs of your project.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ec8e10c99ea5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"542217e3ef7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Project Plan (~2-3 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"777dc1d098e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8b7dbc4b4d39\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Model Specification and Validation:\"},{\"_key\":\"cf7f663b4108\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Detail the model to be used and its validation relevant to SAI.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2281773c0683\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4e1a0258f5cc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If available, this should include at least 5 references of papers where the model has been used or showing the capacity of the modelers to run it, as well as appropriate literature showing validation of the model’s representation of stratospheric aerosols where appropriate.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0c6faf34bac3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"0d3ec35b8a49\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"If no existing literature is available for model validation, this should include figures demonstrating the model’s capability, for example, by showing the simulated response to a Pinatubo experiment.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"6fa474bd0d3a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f00924068d6c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Technical Description \u0026 Methodology:\"},{\"_key\":\"8367c5c1091d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Explain in detail the technical plan and methodology for your proposed project including:\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10fa1883c2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8fadf12adc2c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"which simulations will be conducted and the number of ensemble members\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"54a226d10574\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a8adaa444012\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"which outputs will be saved and how these will be stored and distributed (including to ESGF and CMOR-ization or cloud-optimization if applicable)\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bd2a7eec606d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3923d2505042\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"the methods for implementing GeoMIP protocols, particularly if direct injection of SO2 cannot be simulated in the model\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3dbafb870ca2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"3ba42354e13f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"a description of the computational infrastru
1cture which will be used and the capabilities of the group to conduct simulations\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19dc35ad8c4e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c51e23b924ad\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Timeline \u0026 Milestones:\"},{\"_key\":\"5d4aa543e46b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide an estimated timeline for the project, including specifics about when you expect to complete certain milestones.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f816832a947b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ea7a84d80da4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Final Deliverables:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0786ba9b466\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please explain how you will align with the expected final deliverable(s), below, and any additional planned deliverables.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cdf217b3cbcf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d4e20cd82b0a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Completed GeoMIP simulations (see above) with outputs uploaded to a public long-term data store and the Reflective Cloud Hub.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9d3c5737a77\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6f12e2f8de83\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"A brief report documenting the simulations, delivered to Reflective and posted on a DOI’d public repository such as Zenodo.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"84ae0cfc9fbb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ff6bb3b9b821\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Risks \u0026 Mitigation Strategies:\"},{\"_key\":\"8a21005ce904\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please share any risks that could derail the timeline, budget, or ability to deliver the project deliverables and how you will mitigate said risks.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"152505489455\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"59e12e42ebbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend table format for this.\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"99ad3d525138\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8505c7695dd7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Team \u0026 Budget (~1-1.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"21d841abe009\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"29d7f3a222dc\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Team:\"},{\"_key\":\"d2dc135acdbe\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Share the background of each project team member, their affiliation, and what they will contribute to the project. Where possible, please include some indication of how much time the person will commit (e.g. full-time, part-time, advisor etc.)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"27cca7729a2d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"080fad7fd44e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Note: We recommend doing this in table format\"}],\"level\":3,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ad31ce559268\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f2ba86a68c45\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Budget Justification:\"},{\"_key\":\"7da4db15b834\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Please provide narrative context on your budget workbook including details like how budget amounts were calculated and what travel/conferences are included and why.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"44dfe4d153a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1038760c72bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 3: Current and Pending (\u003c0.5 pg)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66ecb6b0f010\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2a040323972f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Current grants, including project goals, timelines, and any overlap with this proposal.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f15a799d8234\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c5265cb646a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Application Form Questions\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"5123e1b92714\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d0c66e94b0c6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The following is a copy of the application form to help you prepare your application materials in advance. The softw
1are we use will save a copy of your responses locally to your computer and browser, but we recommend preparing your responses beforehand in a separate document before submission. Questions marked with an asterisk are required.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1d646bc947bb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c58e03efd09f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 1: Applicant Details\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"194a57de62ca\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"90d3ed25c07d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Organization/Institution Name*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d84df46f9f89\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"818b04865aae\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Primary Principal Investigator (PI) Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ee9a270c7ffe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"815731c6f32e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"PI First 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Type*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3252a78d1957\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"7f5162428710\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry-climate models with interactive aerosols and coupled ocean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8aa7a6a628a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"300bbb8a9a24\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Chemistry-climate models with a low-top version with coupled ocean\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d8a90e3160d2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6e7c0e5e2b0d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Low-top models or those without interactive aerosols\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5a96c673fb5b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"70615e7474d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Other (please briefly describe)\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"367f1f835a95\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbc6325fde21\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Section 2: Project Proposal\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ebd34909aa00\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c1f170d866ce\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Project Title*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"edf1b79b6809\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"2bcedac28758\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please submit a proposal outlining answers to the questions described 
1in the \"},{\"_key\":\"87ff3d7cce07\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"7aa6a33f27b3\"],\"text\":\"“Proposal Content” section of the RFP\"},{\"_key\":\"fc7caf5a2c12\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". All proposals must be in PDF format and a max of 5 pages (including figures, data, and visuals). References \u0026 citations may extend beyond the 5 pages.*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"7aa6a33f27b3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/increasing-geomip-models-rfp#application-content-requirements\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8cf8bfd06f1c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"82d7fdd1827c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Please upload ONE file with the resumes/CVs of all project team members with the PI as the first resume in the file. Please submit as a PDF*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0a25d02cef18\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"91d66e117213\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Max 2 pages per resume/CV in the file.\"}],\"level\":2,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cca44fa0ef76\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"01a3c40dcb66\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"How long will your project take (in months)?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"24d37d06aeac\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9ab6da22d21e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"What is your total budget for this project?*\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"272d6262cd0a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ca5ea6819402\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Upload your budget justification workbook* (make a copy of and fill in \"},{\"_key\":\"adf692553ae2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d19b9ffbcdab\"],\"text\":\"this template\"},{\"_key\":\"c0dece2f0872\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\")\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d19b9ffbcdab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11XTKIHNegoVJOZwIC64p_1_NXCSJP682USGAOaY9s9I/edit?usp=sharing\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7406fbd064f8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a518ef12fc5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Appendix - current GeoMIP model participation\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h2\"},{\"_key\":\"2bb5631d4eb7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6676197db744\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Up to date information on model participation in recent GeoMIP experiments is held in \"},{\"_key\":\"17b14de8c343\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"60d8e5ce3e9c\"],\"text\":\"this spreadsheet\"},{\"_key\":\"436e70dddf11\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\". At the time of writing, the models which have completed the G6-1.5K-SAI (and -HiLLA) experiments are shown in the table below. The table also shows some model features and details of their lineage, to inform assessment of a potential additional model’s difference or similarity against the current set. See Lee et al. (\"},{\"_key\":\"00a4f9b8b22e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"e3221fbe7cb9\"],\"text\":\"2026\"},{\"_key\":\"626813ed282d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\") for a more detailed overview of the models’ stratospheric sulfate representations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"60d8e5ce3e9c\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j6b7LqYfkikmoD8LIjVKKJ61dzEyDKNgRyi1isaDNGI/edit?usp=sharing\"},{\"_key\":\"e3221fbe7cb9\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/7463/2026/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"0f7ab72e0d55\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"db038cd6-2021-43f2-a8c5-2b654889f4ba\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Model Name and Reference\",\"Institution\",\"Model Lineage and Components\",\"Representation of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol\"]},{\"_key\":\"b6779a7f-5afb-41aa-9f22-5671a91350b6\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"CESM2(WACCM6) (Danabasoglu et al., 2020)\",\"NCAR, USA\",\"CESM2 physical core (CAM6 atmospheric physics, POP2 ocean) with WACCM6 whole-atmosphere extension; regular lat-lon atmospheric grid at 0.9° × 1.25° ( ~100 km); 70 hybrid sigma-pressure levels with top at ~10-6 hPa; fully interactive troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere chemistry (MOZART TSMLT).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (MAM4), with three sulfate-containing modes\"]},{\"_key\":\"e4aa2be4-5d42-4bac-b69d-bbaf08b0c980\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"UKESM1-1 (Mulcahy et al., 2023)\",\"UKESM Earth System Modeling Group, UK\",\"HadGEM3-GC3.1 physical core (Met Office Unified Model (UM) atmosphere, NEMO ocean); regular lat-lon atmospheric grid at N96 (1.875° × 1.25°, ~135 km); 85 hybrid-height levels with top at 85 km; Fully interactive stratosphere-troposphere chemistry (UKCA StratTrop).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (GLOMAP), with four sulfate-containing modes\"]},{\"_key\":\"9a9dcfe8-8230-4c0b-a981-fb67da533eec\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"E3SMv3 (Xie et al., 2025)\",\"DOE, USA\",\"Some shared lineage with the CESM family; EAM atmosphere, MPAS-Ocean. Spectral-element dynamical core (~100 km nominal resolution in the v3.LR configuration); 80 hybrid levels up to ~60 km (~0.1 hPa). Linearized rather than full stratospheric chemistry (Linoz v3)\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (MAM5-PSA) which has an additional coarse mode specifically for stratospheric sulfate\"]},{\"_key\":\"35a6a179-970f-4ed9-a4a4-3ce1f286e85a\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"MIROC-ES2H (Kawamiya et al., 2020)\",\"JAMSTEC / Univ. Tokyo, Japan\",\"MIROC6 physical core (CCSR atmosphere, COCO 4.9 ocean); spectral dynamical core (~1.4°, ~155 km); 81 hybrid sigma-pressure levels with top at 0.004 hPa (~80 km); fully interactive stratosphere-troposphere chemistry (CHASER 4.0).\",\"Modal aerosol scheme (SPRINTARS), but uncoupled to radiation which sees a prescribed size distribution\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"5c33544c8f64\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8479209a61a1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reference Links:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"74f48568aa32\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"067902054fc8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"051be228c97a\"],\"text\":\"Danabasoglu et al., 2020\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"051be228c97a\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019MS001916\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4b68cc4f9393\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"78a8a8630cf4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"742e2ef09493\"],\"text\":\"Mulcahy et al., 2023\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"742e2ef09493\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1569/2023/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca4be5094e0d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f764f1dc2d13\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"691e475ed794\"],\"text\":\"Xie et al., 2025\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"691e475ed794\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2025MS005120\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e3dec2a8234e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"32db71fdd7bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"f389be37a06e\"],\"text\":\"Kawamiya et al., 2020\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"f389be37a06e\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00369-5\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"kicker\":\"September 2026\",\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"increasing-geomip-models-rfp\"},\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\"},\"text\":\"View RFP\",\"type\":\"internal\"}},{\"_key\":\"c20313e26f43\",\"_type\":\"button\",\"buttonStyle\":\"secondary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":true,\"text\":\"Application\",\"type\":\"external\",\"url\":\"https://forms.reflective.org/re-1003-app\"}}],\"showStatus\":true,\"status\":\"Open\",\"tagsLabel\":\"Eligibility\",\"title\":\"Increasing Model Participation in GeoMIP\",\"visibility\":true}],\"label\":\"Open Calls\",\"noItemsLabel\":\"No Current Open Calls\",\"visibility\":true},{\"_key\":\"2b2a17b409ca\",\"_type\":\"tabItem\",\"color\":{\"_type\":\"color\",\"alpha\":1,\"hex\":\"#ffbb00\",\"hsl\":{\"_type\":\"hslaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"l\":0.5,\"s\":1},\"hsv\":{\"_type\":\"hsvaColor\",\"a\":1,\"h\":44,\"s\":1,\"v\":1},\"rgb\":{\"_type\":\"rgbaColor\",\"a\":1,\"b\":0,\"g\":187,\"r\":255}},\"items\":[{\"_key\":\"6cf3f461460bc5247e0a8f9aa30fcedd\",\"_type\":\"cardApplication\",\"customFields\":[{\"_key\":\"ad062d0cc2b2\",\"_type\":\"customField\",\"label\":\"Grant Start Date\",\"value\":\"05/01/2026\"}],\"description\":[{\"_key\":\"a4575ea80de7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"83c472f596b6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have selected thirteen grantee teams to perform research spanning two questions: how SAI might interact with tipping elements in the earth system, and how it might reshape climate impacts and their underlying processes. \"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f6ffa15550d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b244fc39bc84\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"descriptionLabel\":\" Description\",\"faded\":false,\"footerLabel\":\"About the Grant\",\"grantOverview\":[{\"_key\":\"4d89e35c02f2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"00cec5b4ee2a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"About the Grant\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"h3\"},{\"_key\":\"77362cd11f26\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b2ddeb935cd9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The IPCC’s Seventh Assessment Report’s analysis of SAI will shape the field for years to come. AR7 will consider literature submitted by the end of March 2027, and its treatment of SAI will set the terms of the conversation for years. We designed this opportunity to expand the evidence base available to the report’s authors on these two vital topics, by supporting projects that can move fast to deliver new assessments and insight within that window.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"66c20a2c0fee\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"86f0e64e3fc3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grant covers two topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687b24cbaabe\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a4a9ddbaea1f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 1 — Tipping Points:\"},{\"_key\":\"e0bb1f1f51f9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" Abrupt, hard-to-reverse shifts — a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the loss of major ice sheets, the dieback of large biomes — are among the most serious climate risks. Early evidence suggests sunlight reflection could ease pressure on some of the drivers behind these shifts, but to date there has been very little research on the interaction of SAI with tipping risks. New research is needed because SAI may drive novel responses in tipping points for a variety of reasons, including alteration of global temperatures without changing CO2 levels, changing of meridional temperature gradients and additional regional climate responses, among others.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"19cc3d1b727e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b7636ffb54cf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"em\"],\"text\":\"Topic 2 — Climate Impacts:\"},{\"_key\":\"3bba7cbbbfe8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" SAI’s downstream effects on food, health, ecosystems, infrastru
1cture, and economies have had significant research. However, there have been more limited comprehensive assessments and process-level studies of these impacts, a research gap which the grant seeks to address.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e4760023055\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"61df2bca29c9\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We prioritized two kinds of contributions across both topics:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cd54ad5862f1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ee4a521571e2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Novel insights\"},{\"_key\":\"c142d4d0dd33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" into processes which drive the response to SAI\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"df56d4a41532\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"123f5d00f84a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Expansion of the scope\"},{\"_key\":\"b060b038fc0b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" of current assessments, for example, to consider scenario dependence, inter-model uncertainty, or under-researched tipping elements/impacts.About the Grantees\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f9a951935263\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"41a5da670231\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The grantees and their teams, listed below, represent five continents, with ~30% coming from the Global South.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ca78e9307edd\",\"_type\":\"richImage\",\"alt\":\"World map with grantee countries shown in color\",\"caption\":\"Map of groups funded with this opportunity\",\"image\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-09-01T17:48:42Z\",\"_id\":\"image-1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7-6460x3292-png\",\"_rev\":\"9yzigniMkmJyAsVq1GH5JD\",\"_type\":\"sanity.imageAsset\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-09-01T17:48:42Z\",\"assetId\":\"1281eb9a4094a4ceb161bb36c6b8b37c0c5ed0b7\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"metadata\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageMetadata\",\"blurHash\":\"M9RfnJ=@^jx]_39Ysks.Ri-p_4IpE1?GVr\",\"dimensions\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageDimensions\",\"aspectRatio\":1.962332928311057,\"height\":3292,\"width\":6460},\"hasAlpha\":false,\"isOpaque\":true,\"lqip\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"palette\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePalette\",\"darkMuted\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#815a17\",\"foreground\":\"#fff\",\"population\":0,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"darkVibrant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#704e14\",\"foreground\":\"#fff\",\"population\":0,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"dominant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#dca03b\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":2.04,\"title\":\"#fff\"},\"lightMuted\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#d2cbae\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":0.56,\"title\":\"#000\"},\"lightVibrant\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imagePaletteSwatch\",\"background\":\"#fad1e1\",\"foreground\":\"#000\",\"population\":0.
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The grantees and their teams represent four continents, with over 30% coming from the Global South. We were also able to fund specific variable outputs from global climate models requested by our grantees. 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The tropopause is lower at the poles, which means that deployment at high latitudes is hypothetically feasible with existing aircraft – but there are minimal studies about the impacts of this strategy.\\n\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"10e0fce05079\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"This grant was designed to answer four critical questions to guide where the field focuses energy next:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a5366f8b1810\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Benefits of 15km vs. 13 km: Are there significant benefits (health, environmental, technical, economic) to aircraft that can reach altitudes of 15 km instead of 13 km in the context of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"ac239017e2b3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Showstoppers: Are there technical or scientific “showstoppers” or dealbreakers for high-latitude/low-altitude SAI that have not yet been considered?\\n\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"number\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5d7f863ac7e6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a86c2942135a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Scaling: How do the potential negative impacts of high-latitude/low-altitude deployment scale? 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SAI may temporarily lower temperatures, but reducing greenhouse gas emissions significantly and quickly is essential for lasting climate stability and environmental health.\\n\\nSAI is not intended to provide a comprehensive solution to climate change, but it might allow the necessary time for more permanent climate solutions and decarbonization to take hold.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Is SAI a replacement for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?\"},{\"_key\":\"9f3a3e5260a8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0a4845de13fb\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"39cd9f6daed5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"No. Reflective supports expanding research in areas necessary for making informed decisions on whether and how to responsibly deploy SAI, when that time comes. We do not advocate for or against deployment, only providing the scientific evidence to supp
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These include\"},{\"_key\":\"e1e0ffe75391\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b54a1d1b9e20\"],\"text\":\" our Cloud Hub\"},{\"_key\":\"09b8c2aa92ac\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", an interactive cloud computing platform to support open, collaborative science for the SAI research community, and our \"},{\"_key\":\"5bd6342bd99d\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"da24e2aa91c3\"],\"text\":\"SAI Simulator\"},{\"_key\":\"974c24852f7f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" that provides a fast, interactive way to explore the climate effects of different SAI deployment scenarios and compare them to the impacts of continued warming.\\n\\nWe also publish \"},{\"_key\":\"04bf9e1391ad\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"b9a930ef4bf0\"],\"text\":\"the SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"8ef6001d7788\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources for SAI. The Roadmap, along with our \"},{\"_key\":\"732f0e7ba8a6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"0b60298bc932\"],\"text\":\"Uncertainty Database\"},{\"_key\":\"78f9b510ccec\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\", identifies the most valuable and timely questions and the research required to reduce/resolve those uncertainties for responsible decision making on SAI.\\n\\nReflective also \"},{\"_key\":\"2f1c24a62b47\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"664adfa4b3f6\"],\"text\":\"funds research projects\"},{\"_key\":\"a8e9ad5ce970\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" around the globe that align with the priorities of the SAI Research Roadmap.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"b54a1d1b9e20\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://reflectivecloud.github.io/Book/intro.html\"},{\"_key\":\"da24e2aa91c3\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://simulator.reflective.org/?var=tas\u0026spatial_agg=WGI+Reference\u0026decade_visualization=2091-2100\u0026ssp_scenario=SSP2-4.5\u0026temp_target=1.5\u0026start_year=2035\u0026ramp_up=10\"},{\"_key\":\"b9a930ef4bf0\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"0b60298bc932\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://uncertainties.reflective.org/\"},{\"_key\":\"664adfa4b3f6\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://www.reflective.org/research/funding-opportunities\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What kinds of research and projects does Reflective fund?\"},{\"_key\":\"94813c53114d\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"ffc00ceb38ed\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"240be8778c8f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a proposed method to reflect incoming sunlight. SAI, which would involve distributing reflective aerosols, such as sulfates, in the lower stratosphere. These aerosols will reflect some sunlight into space, thereby decreasing the amount of heat that reaches the Earth. The idea is inspired by volcanic eruptions, which naturally send particles into the atmosphere, temporarily cooling the Earth.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)?\"},{\"_key\":\"5083651ca23b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"3113351b9f02\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"115e90f6a545\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"$a1\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"Why are you focused only on stratospheric aerosols?\"},{\"_key\":\"b72dc43a67c0\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"0710681fa4c6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"559d02f7581c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The \"},{\"_key\":\"baa515d1e82b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"25eaf7df7b29\"],\"text\":\"SAI Research Roadmap\"},{\"_key\":\"acde9c09d756\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" is a first-of-its-kind plan for the field, intended to coordinate research and optimize funding and resources to build the evidence base needed for responsible decision making on SAI. It provides a plan for the technical research needed to determine whether SAI is a tool the world could ever use responsibly to reduce global temperatures.\\n\\nThe Roadmap is built for policymakers, funders, and scientists, and shows how the field can narrow the most consequential scientific uncertainties step by step: from how reflective particles behave in the stratosphere to how different SAI strategies might affect the global climate. Research activities include a scientific justification, scope of work, estimated cost, and timeline, so funding and effort can be directed to the most valuable and timely questions.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"25eaf7df7b29\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"https://roadmap.reflective.org/\"}],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"What is the SAI Research Roadmap?\"},{\"_key\":\"796a32db4d4b\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"d1e3f9de8084\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"28edc7b7657c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Reflective is a nonprofit, funded entirely by grants or donations from a number of leading philanthropies focused on addressing climate change. We do not accept anonymous donations and transparently post a full list of our donors on our website. We also do not accept donations from corporations, foundations, or individuals if the majority of their current profits or wealth come from the fossil fuel industry unless they can clearly demonstrate that they do not have a conflict of interest and present a strong track record of supporting efforts to address anthropogenic climate change.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How is Reflective funded?\"},{\"_key\":\"5a269b524bf8\",\"_type\":\"faqItem\",\"answer\":[{\"_key\":\"8e0307db23a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"693a7b05fe15\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Email us at \"},{\"_key\":\"dcfa69f39fb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"d34f972a2259\"],\"text\":\"[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"ca939b2b1bb4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" or reach out to us from our \"},{\"_key\":\"44715ba36ae8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"fc940ec51b26\"],\"text\":\"contact\"},{\"_key\":\"f4d3f581e2a7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" page.\"}],\"markDefs\":[{\"_key\":\"d34f972a2259\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"mailto:[email protected]\"},{\"_key\":\"fc940ec51b26\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"href\":\"/contact\"}
1],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"question\":\"How can I help or get involved?\"}],\"limit\":4,\"limitSlugMatcher\":\"/\",\"showAllButton\":{\"_type\":\"linklessButton\",\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"text\":\"View All\"},\"visibility\":true}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"global-faq\"}},{\"_createdAt\":\"2025-12-18T15:09:51Z\",\"_id\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"_rev\":\"nj5hbaxTFKzGXEbsck2leh\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"948c50a7-4118-4240-9e38-8d78ae4985c5\",\"rev\":\"nj5hbaxTFKzGXEbscfGklb\"}},\"_type\":\"globalSlices\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-01-29T19:47:34Z\",\"name\":\"Global CTA\",\"sliceSchemaReference\":[{\"_key\":\"6bd4368bec9c\",\"_type\":\"cta\",\"backgroundImage\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_ref\":\"image-a64593e58202ff1b566fe2107d607d570f75799d-1440x652-svg\",\"_type\":\"reference\"}},\"careersButton\":{\"buttonStyle\":\"primary\",\"link\":{\"_type\":\"link\",\"anchor\":\"#careers\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_ref\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"_type\":\"reference\"},\"text\":\"Careers\",\"type\":\"internal\",\"url\":\"/about#careers\"}},\"careersHeading\":\"Work With Us\",\"headline\":\"Our mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make informed decisions about sunlight reflection technology, fast enough to matter.\",\"subscribeHeading\":\"Subscribe for Updates\",\"subscribeIframeSrcUrl\":\"https://reflectiveclimate.substack.com/embed\",\"visibility\":true}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"global-cta\"}}],\"slug\":{\"_type\":\"slug\",\"current\":\"faq\"},\"title\":\"FAQ\"},\"text\":\"FAQ\",\"type\":\"internal\"},{\"_key\":\"b3cf51f2d7ab\",\"_type\":\"link\",\"blank\":false,\"internalLink\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:34:51Z\",\"_id\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"_rev\":\"hYiyiG00JK54dG5EHhsltA\",\"_system\":{\"base\":{\"id\":\"bcbcd102-d66a-4644-b627-898364003504\",\"rev\":\"hYiyiG00JK54dG5EHhsgXe\"}},\"_type\":\"page\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-08-27T19:59:30Z\",\"slices\":[{\"_key\":\"c1f5764a6bb0\",\"_type\":\"hero\",\"copy\":[{\"_key\":\"7937212b72d6\",\"_type\":\"textGroup\",\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"38da1981be7f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1db65cf0a7bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Our mission is to equip the world with the data and tools needed to make informed decisions about sunlight reflection technology, fast enough to matter.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"heading\":\"About Us\",\"headingType\":\"h1\"},{\"_key\":\"bd7f3d219adc\",\"_type\":\"textGroup\",\"content\":[{\"_key\":\"8a361464458d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1ffab2ce5438\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"The world has already crossed 1.5 °C, and time spent above it matters. Decarbonization and carbon removal remain essential, but neither can cool the planet fast enough to shorten dangerous overshoot in the coming decades. \\n\\nSunlight reflection methods, including stratospheric aerosol injection, may be the only tools capable of near-term cooling—but we lack the data to judge whether they reduce risk or create new ones. Avoiding research doesn’t avoid decisions; it delays them until crisis. The real choice is not action versus restraint, but ignorance versus evidence. We need transparent, stage-gated, globally inclusive research now—so any future decision is informed, collective, and deliberate.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"}],\"heading\":\"The Imperative\",\"headingType\":\"h2\"}],\"imageDesktop\":{\"_type\":\"image\",\"asset\":{\"_createdAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:36:43Z\",\"_id\":\"image-c1ae1890796b94349d868a0c6e321aeb54b26693-1530x1798-png\",\"_rev\":\"aeuE8qO3ZehbEk11a3NU35\",\"_type\":\"sanity.imageAsset\",\"_updatedAt\":\"2026-01-05T10:36:43Z\",\"assetId\":\"c1ae1890796b94349d868a0c6e321aeb54b26693\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"metadata\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageMetadata\",\"blurHash\":\"eCMZTy@q0b010A_N]_IwIqJD0GOtwY%2,+yGxvNHEQi]5DE0-N%1xu\",\"dimensions\":{\"_type\":\"sanity.imageDimensions\",\"aspectRatio\":0.8509454949944383,\"height\"
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This Privacy Policy contains important information on our information practices, including how and why we collect, use, disclose, share, store, and retain your personal information. It also explains your rights in relation to your personal information, and how to contact us or supervisory authorities in the event you have a complaint or request.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"dcae64a82518\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6f653161550a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"When we offer goods and services to individuals in the European Economic Area (EEA), we are subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR), which applies across the entire European Union. For California consumers, we are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA). We are responsible as a “controller” of that personal information for the purposes of the GDPR. 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therein\"]},{\"_key\":\"ac92c25b-0078-4360-a4de-caac4f80bddd\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"To prevent and detect fraud\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to minimize fraud that could be damaging for us and for you\"]},{\"_key\":\"21ca8604-9b81-4946-b42f-ee96aceb1065\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Other processing necessary to comply with professional, legal, and regulatory obligations that apply to our business, e.g., under health and safety regulation or rules issued by our professional regulator\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"4ab83b56-92b3-407e-9e16-cf6e9758b2f3\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Gathering and providing information required by or relating to audits, inquiries or investigations by regulatory bodies\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"483b1884-6f16-46d9-b82b-30dc84eba159\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring business policies are adhered to\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to make sure we are following our own internal procedures so we can deliver the best service to you\"]},{\"_key\":\"cc48a74b-39ce-487e-8b96-afd0d94a2675\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Operational reasons, such as improving efficiency, training, and quality control\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to be as efficient as we can so we can deliver the best service for you at the best price\"]},{\"_key\":\"3a90de98-c2d0-4ab2-b8dd-11baa110cfef\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring the confidentiality of commercially sensitive information\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to protect trade secrets and other commercially valuable information To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"57229c7a-e11c-4e67-87aa-a5f2a2e78b1e\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Statistical analysis to help us manage our business\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to be as efficient as we can so we can deliver the best service for you at the best price\"]},{\"_key\":\"2fc5281e-d866-4bc5-894c-db1ae4ed4728\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Preventing unauthorized access and modifications to systems\",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to prevent and detect criminal activity that could be damaging for us and for you To comply with our legal and regulatory obligation\"]},{\"_key\":\"d8759014-83e8-4939-a024-9c712d02ee70\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Updating user records\",\"To provide our website, products, and services To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations For our legitimate interests or those of a third party\"]},{\"_key\":\"e5e2ab90-c504-470b-9b8d-5fd45ce8020c\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Statutory returns\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]},{\"_key\":\"7ef596b4-e840-4f37-844d-b48e0b3dd1a7\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Ensuring safe working practices, staff administration and assessments\",\"To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, e.g., to make sure we are following our own internal procedures and working efficiently so we can deliver the best service to you\"]},{\"_key\":\"dde12a1a-8d2f-4293-9dc2-9eec3d6625bb\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Marketing our services \",\"For our legitimate interests or those of a third party, i.e., to promote our business to existing and former users\"]},{\"_key\":\"609aba34-04ac-4772-aab9-2d84e143592c\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"External audits and quality checks, e.g., for ISO or Investors in People accreditation and the audit of our accounts\",\"For our legitimate interests or a those of a third party, i.e., to maintain our accreditations so we can demonstrate we operate at the highest standards To comply with our legal and regulatory obligations\"]}]},{\"_key\":\"c3194d6cbbe8\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"f6990c7bb7b2\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"For EEA Data Subjects: The above table does not apply to special category personal information, which we will only process with your explicit consent.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b5ee400a915a\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9a6229f82c4f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"Microsoft. \"},{\"_key\":\"45e31954ab5f\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We partner with Microsoft Clarity and Microsoft Advertising to capture how you use and interact with our website through behavioral metrics, heatmaps, and session replay to improve and market our products/services. Website usage data is captured using first and third-party cookies and other tracking technologies to determine the popularity of products/services and online activity. Additionally, we use this information for site optimization, fraud/security purposes, and advertising. For more information about how Microsoft collects and uses your data, visit the Microsoft Privacy Statement.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4f34be50c5a2\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"6ddabd76cfd7\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"5) EEA Data Subjects: Promotional Communications.\"},{\"_key\":\"65f53ee36e22\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We may use your personal information to send you updates (by email, text message, telep
1hone, or post) about our products and services, including exclusive offers, promotions or new products and services.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2166aa39da9c\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"378327cdf698\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We have a legitimate interest in processing your personal information for promotional purposes (see above “How and why we use your personal information”). This means we do not usually need your consent to send you promotional communications. However, where consent is needed, we will ask for this consent separately and clearly.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"d50204ea1b93\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1f1d9074a87a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will always treat your personal information with the utmost respect and never [sell OR share] it with other organizations [outside the [organization's group name] group] for marketing purposes.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2ce57a11dbe0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"18033520658c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"You have the right to opt out of receiving promotional communications at any time by:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"21ec254f25bc\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"82dc8acc6be4\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Contacting us at [email protected]\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7bdf63285725\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"66f20b26166c\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Using the “unsubscribe” link in emails\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4b17bc873f39\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"75d989f4a5e5\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may ask you to confirm or update your marketing preferences if you instruct us to provide further products and services in the future, or if there are changes in the law, regulation, or the structure of our business.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a83a2acff960\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e46556597924\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"6) Who We Share Your Personal Information With.\"},{\"_key\":\"e82ac7f9f742\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We routinely share personal information with:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"c61074c585e7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1869a78c15ff\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Service providers we use to help deliver our products and services to you, such as payment service providers, warehouses, and delivery companies\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7874899f31a1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"1f3c0047bb22\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Other third parties we use to help us run our business, such as marketing agencies or website hosts\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"03d4479d51a7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d9d3e375f795\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Professional service providers\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7b35044cbc47\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"887cd32adfdd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Researchers\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"1e6c340239f5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c7ed591c6371\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Third parties to demonstrate our simulator’s performance\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fb918e04cea6\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"e0173b1957bb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We only allow our service providers to handle your personal information if we are satisfied they take appropriate measures to protect your personal information. We also impose contractual obligations on service providers relating to ensure they can only use your personal information to provide services to us and to you. We may al
1so share personal information with external auditors.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"2e92d74abfb0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"aad8ff43d058\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may disclose and exchange information with law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies to comply with our legal and regulatory obligations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cf25c408392f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a3d77543b880\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We may also need to share some personal information with other parties, such as potential buyers of some or all of our business or during a re-structuring. We will typically anonymize information, but this may not always be possible. The recipient of the information will be bound by confidentiality obligations.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"08b5ab00b2e5\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"44c95259bbcd\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"7) Personal Information Shared.\"},{\"_key\":\"b150e37b3a89\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" In the preceding 12 months, we have shared the following categories of personal information:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76b8de32fdd3\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c56d4c1ec11b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Identifiers (e.g., a real name, alias, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, company, or other similar identifiers)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"4004bf61b0ec\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"c65f869afb08\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Information that identifies, relates to, describes, or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual, including, but not limited to, his or her name, location, gender, age bracket, and professional affiliation.\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"975e7b8479da\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"10cb18641eef\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Characteristics of protected classifications under California or federal law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"cde2b7327ff7\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"46c74d0ed351\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Commercial information (e.g., records of personal property, products or services purchased, obtained, or considered, or other purchasing or consuming histories or tendencies)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"8ee5f8e6a767\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"24ec8d2ce3cb\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Internet or other electronic network activity information (e.g., browsing history, search history, and information regarding a consumer’s interaction with an Internet Web site, application, or advertisement)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"687a6ea69643\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"683a4faca295\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Geolocation data\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"bb6bc2049963\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b35fd895923e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Inferences drawn from any of the information identified above to create a profile about a consumer reflecting the consumer’s preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"b5f0c3e37173\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"a133dfb3b5d1\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"8) Categories of Personal Information We Disclosed for a Business Purpose. \"},{\"_key\":\"397390b54d55\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"In the preceding 12 months, we have disclosed the following categories of personal information for a business purpose:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f80125d528a0\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"87bf273a01b3\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Identifiers (e.g., a real name, alias, postal address, unique personal identifier, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, company, account name,, or other similar identifiers)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"70e97b15a0ae\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"03f3e0bb46bf\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Information that identifies, relates to, describes, or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual, including, but not limited to, his or her name, email address, employmentCharacteristics of protected classifications under California or federal law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"3626363f3e8e\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"4a714ae8c808\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Internet or other electronic network activity information (e.g., browsing history, search history, and information regarding a consumer's interaction with an Internet Web site, application, or advertisement)\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"868af694365b\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"b468657646d8\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Geolocation data\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"7248bb0f083d\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"ae3e4f2e2848\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"Inferences drawn from any of the information identified above to create a profile about a consumer reflecting the consumer's preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"a4658ea2c1ac\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"9431133d7111\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"9) How Long Your Personal Information Will Be Kept.\"},{\"_key\":\"d928ce15e5fa\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" We will keep your personal information while you have an account with us or while we are providing products and services to you. Thereafter, we will keep your personal information for as long as is necessary:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e5dfd2a309b1\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"669a42c7ff43\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To respond to any questions, complaints or claims made by you or on your behalf\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"9f17833d5f68\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"38b6fa5b0b8b\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To show that we treated y
1ou fairly –or–\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"f16d00649ecf\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"bbc8c0f56a33\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"To keep records required by law\"}],\"level\":1,\"listItem\":\"bullet\",\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"5db26627ce1f\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"85862c48851a\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\"We will not retain your personal information for longer than necessary for the purposes set out in this policy. Different retention periods apply for different types of personal information. When it is no longer necessary to retain your personal information, we will delete or anonymize it.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"fec06bce08fa\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"d1f2f2347e7e\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"10) California Consumers: Your Rights Under the CCPA/CPRA.\"},{\"_key\":\"6bee96afe3d6\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[],\"text\":\" You have the right under the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA), and certain other privacy and data protection laws, as applicable, to exercise free of charge:\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"76e043e0ce01\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"2d13c509-aeb8-4edf-bd95-8c8bafb3c0b1\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Disclosure of Personal Information We Collect About You\",\"You have the right to know, and request disclosure of: The categories of personal information we have collected about you, including sensitive personal information The categories of sources from which the personal information is collected The categories of third parties to whom we disclose personal information, if any –and– The specific pieces of personal information we have collected about you Please note that we are not required to: Retain any personal information about you that was collected for a single one-time transaction if, in the ordinary course of business, that information about you is not retained Reidentify or otherwise link any data that, in the ordinary course of business, is not maintained in a manner that would be considered personal information –or– Provide the personal information to you more than twice in a 12-month period\"]},{\"_key\":\"e8263f97-fa6c-4d53-89d5-6f5cfef8f5d8\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Disclosure of Personal Information Sold, Shared, or Disclosed for a Business Purpose\",\"In connection with any personal information we may share or disclose to a third party for a business purpose, you have the right to know: The categories of personal information about you that we sold or shared and the categories of third parties to whom the personal information was sold or shared –and– The categories of personal information that we disclosed about you for a business purpose and the categories of persons to whom the personal information was disclosed for a business purpose You have the right to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information for the purpose of targeted behavioral advertising. If you exercise your right to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information, we will refrain from sharing your personal information, unless you subsequently provide express authorization for the sharing of your personal information. You may request to opt-out of the sharing of your personal information by writing [email protected].\"]},{\"_key\":\"01415b9f-1d01-4ebc-85b6-cb5b3ac36827\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Limit Use of Sensitive Personal Information\",\"We don’t collect sensitive personal information.\"]},{\"_key\":\"f622207b-ef3c-4749-a303-b62651aa5fc5\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Deletion\",\"$c1\"]},{\"_key\":\"5f184fa3-7f16-4f64-82ff-c1db70072899\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right of Correction\",\"If we maintain inaccurate personal information about you, you have the right to request us to correct that inaccurate personal information. Upon receipt of a verifiable request from you, we will use commercially reasonable efforts to correct the inaccurate personal information.\"]},{\"_key\":\"712a422f-567c-41ec-a77a-96a4dd47d9b7\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Protection Against Retaliation\",\"You have the right to not be retaliated against by us because you exercised any of your rights under the CCPA/CPRA. This means we cannot, among other things: Deny goods or services to you Charge different prices or rates for goods or services, including through the use of discounts or other benefits or imposing penalties Provide a different level or quality of goods or services to you, or Suggest that you will receive a different price or rate for goods or services or a different level or quality of goods or services Please note that we may charge a different price or rate or provide a different level or quality of goods and/or services to you, if that difference is reasonably related to the value provided to our business by your personal information. \"]}]},{\"_key\":\"b0733c2ca422\",\"_type\":\"block\",\"children\":[{\"_key\":\"8decccd3bece\",\"_type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"text\":\"11) EEA Data Subjects: Your Rights Under the EU GDPR.\"}],\"markDefs\":[],\"style\":\"normal\"},{\"_key\":\"e2308535da64\",\"_type\":\"table\",\"rows\":[{\"_key\":\"00c54747-211b-4091-aa28-e75b5ec2dbea\",\"_type\":\"tableRow\",\"cells\":[\"Right to Be Informed\",\"The r
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