https://elastos-docs.onrender.com/assets/js/9c6fb7b9.934ec81b.js

1"use strict";(globalThis.webpackChunkelastos_docs=globalThis.webpackChunkelastos_docs||[]).push([[6613],{90753(e,n,s){s.r(n),s.d(n,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>a,frontMatter:()=>d,metadata:()=>r,toc:()=>h});const r=JSON.parse('{"id":"blockchain/concepts/halving","title":"ELA Halving","description":"ELA block reward halving schedule, supply mechanics, and countdown to the next halving.","source":"@site/docs/blockchain/concepts/halving.md","sourceDirName":"blockchain/concepts","slug":"/blockchain/concepts/halving","permalink":"/blockchain/concepts/halving","draft":false,"unlisted":false,"tags":[],"version":"current","frontMatter":{"type":"concept","title":"ELA Halving","description":"ELA block reward halving schedule, supply mechanics, and countdown to the next halving.","keywords":["Elastos","World Computer","Blockchain","ELA","halving","emission","supply schedule"],"image":"/img/og-blockchain.jpg"},"sidebar":"blockchainSidebar","previous":{"title":"Economics & Money Flow","permalink":"/blockchain/concepts/economics"},"next":{"title":"ESC Smart Chain","permalink":"/blockchain/concepts/smart-chain"}}');var i=s(74848),t=s(28453);const d={type:"concept",title:"ELA Halving",description:"ELA block reward halving schedule, supply mechanics, and countdown to the next halving.",keywords:["Elastos","World Computer","Blockchain","ELA","halving","emission","supply schedule"],image:"/img/og-blockchain.jpg"},l="ELA Halving",c={},h=[{value:"Current State",id:"current-state",level:2},{value:"Reward Distribution",id:"reward-distribution",level:2},{value:"Halving Schedule",id:"halving-schedule",level:2},{value:"Annual Inflation Rate",id:"annual-inflation-rate",level:2},{value:"The 2020 Token Burn",id:"the-2020-token-burn",level:2},{value:"Security Model",id:"security-model",level:2},{value:"Further Reading",id:"further-reading",level:2}];function o(e){const n={a:"a",code:"code",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",header:"header",li:"li",p:"p",strong:"strong",table:"table",tbody:"tbody",td:"td",th:"th",thead:"thead",tr:"tr",ul:"ul",...(0,t.R)(),...e.components};return(0,i.jsxs)(i.Fragment,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.header,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.h1,{id:"ela-halving",children:"ELA Halving"})}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["ELA halving reduces the block reward by 50%, decreasing the rate of new coin issuance and increasing scarcity. This mirrors Bitcoin's disinflationary model \u2014 ELA halvings occur every ",(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"1,051,200 blocks"})," (approximately 4 years)."]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Live countdown:"})," ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://halving.elastos.net",children:"halving.elastos.net"})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"current-state",children:"Current State"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Metric"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Value"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Current block reward"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.761 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"After next halving"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.381 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Max supply"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"28,219,999 ELA (hard cap)"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Circulating"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~26.2M ELA (~93% issued)"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Remaining to mine"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~2.0M ELA (over ~80 years)"})]})]})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"reward-distribution",children:"Reward Distribution"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Every block reward is split into three fixed shares:"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Recipient"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Share"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Description"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"AuxPoW Miners"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"35%"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Bitcoin miners who merge-mine Elastos"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"BPoS Validators"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"35%"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Elected validators (25%) and their voters (75%)"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"DAO Treasury"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"30%"}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.td,{children:["Funds ecosystem development via ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/blockchain/governance/elastos-dao",children:"Elastos DAO"})]})]})]})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"halving-schedule",children:"Halving Schedule"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Halving"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Block Height"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Est. Date"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Block Reward"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Genesis"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Dec 2017"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"3.044 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"1st"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"1,051,200"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Dec 2021"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"1.522 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"2nd"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"2,102,400"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Dec 2025"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.761 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.td,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"3rd"})," (next)"]}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"3,153,600"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Dec 2029"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.381 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"4th"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"4,204,800"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~Dec 2033"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.190 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"5th"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"5,256,000"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~Dec 2037"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.095 ELA"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"6th"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"6,307,200"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~Dec 2041"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0.048 ELA"})]})]})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Halvings continue until the max supply of ",(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"28,219,999 ELA"})," is reached (~2105)."]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"annual-inflation-rate",children:"Annual Inflation Rate"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Period"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Inflation"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Pre-1st halving"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~4%"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"After 1st halving"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~2%"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"After 2nd halving (current)"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~1%"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"After 3rd halving"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"~0.5%"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"By ~2105"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"0%"})]})]})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"the-2020-token-burn",children:"The 2020 Token Burn"}

1),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["On July 30, 2020, ",(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"13 million ELA"})," were burned through a community governance vote. This reduced the effective supply from the original 33M genesis allocation down to ~20M circulating, establishing the 28.22M hard cap."]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Burn address: ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://blockchain.elastos.io/address/ELANULLXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYvs3rr",children:(0,i.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ELANULLXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYvs3rr"})})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"security-model",children:"Security Model"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"ELA's supply schedule is secured through a hybrid consensus:"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Layer"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Mechanism"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.th,{children:"Role"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Proof of Work"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"AuxPoW (merged with Bitcoin)"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Block production, 51% attack resistance"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Proof of Stake"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"BPoS (~70 elected + 12 Council validators)"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Block finality, validator accountability"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(n.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Cross-Chain Bridge"})}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"2/3+1 arbiter quorum"}),(0,i.jsx)(n.td,{children:"Cross-chain transfer integrity"})]})]})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Through merged mining, Elastos leverages Bitcoin's hashpower for security while maintaining its own independent supply schedule. Block time averages ",(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"~2 minutes"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"further-reading",children:"Further Reading"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/blockchain/concepts/economics",children:"Economics & Money Flow"})," \u2014 full breakdown of reward splits, fees, and special addresses"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/blockchain/concepts/staking-guide",children:"Staking Guide"})," \u2014 how to earn the 35% BPoS share by voting"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/blockchain/governance/treasury",children:"Treasury & Governance"})," \u2014 how the 30% DAO share is spent"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://halving.elastos.net",children:"halving.elastos.net"})," \u2014 live countdown"]}),"\n"]})]})}function a(e={}){const{wrapper:n}={...(0,t.R)(),...e.components};return n?(0,i.jsx)(n,{...e,children:(0,i.jsx)(o,{...e})}):o(e)}},28453(e,n,s){s.d(n,{R:()=>d,x:()=>l});var r=s(96540);const i={},t=r.createContext(i);function d(e){const n=r.useContext(t);return r.useMemo(function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(n):{...n,...e}},[n,e])}function l(e){let n;return n=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(i):e.components||i:d(e.components),r.createElement(t.Provider,{value:n},e.children)}}}]);