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155                                        <li id="mobile-navigation-0-parent-page-147527" class="navigation-0-page navigation-parent-page-li template-id-2896">                    
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157										<a href="https://www.sns-begreen.com/" >Home</a>
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161										<a href="https://www.sns-begreen.com/about" >About</a>
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165										<a href="https://www.sns-begreen.com/consortium" >Consortium</a>
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241                        <h1><a id="logolink_headertext" href="https://www.sns-begreen.com">BeGREEN</a></h1>
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308                                                <i class="fa-angle-double-right fa-solid"></i>Talks &amp; Panels                                            </a>
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311                                                                                        <a  class="childnava  temp62" href="/dissemination/standard-contribution">
312                                                <i class="fa-angle-double-right fa-solid"></i>Standard contribution                                            </a>
313                                        </li>
314                                                                                <li id="link147536" class=" lastli ">
315                                                                                        <a  class="childnava  temp62" href="/dissemination/open-source-contribution">
316                                                <i class="fa-angle-double-right fa-solid"></i>Open Source Contribution                                            </a>
317                                        </li>
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320                                        
321                        <li id="nav_link147537"  class="parentnavli lastli    temp2896">
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324                                Contact                            </a>
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398                                            <div class="slide-content-container container">
399                
400                            <div class="slide-content">
401                                <div class="pagetitle-wrapper"><h2 id="pagetitle" class=" ">About BeGREEN Project</h2></div>                            </div>
402                        </div>
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450                
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452                                <div class="pagetitle-wrapper"><h2 id="pagetitle" class=" ">About BeGREEN Project</h2></div>                            </div>
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454                                        </div>
455                        </div>
456        							</div>
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485                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_509ef58f6b element-style-122 text-center  el_col_1 el_col_1_1 page_element_type_18 element_text  gutter-bottom">
486                    <p><a href="#vision" class="btn btn-primary">Vision</a> <a href="#concept" class="btn btn-primary">Concept</a> <a href="#innovation" class="btn btn-primary">Innovation</a> <a href="#demonstrators" class="btn btn-primary">Demonstrators</a> <a href="#impact" class="btn btn-primary">Impact</a></p>                </div>
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501                    <p><strong>BeGREEN</strong> will take a holistic view to propose evolving radio networks that not only <strong>accommodate increasing traffic</strong> and services but also <strong>consider power consumption</strong> as a factor.<br />
502<strong>BeGREEN</strong> will perform research and implementation at different levels, i.e., at the hardware level, at the link level, and at the system level toward improved energy efficiency at radio access design. The AI/ML techniques are used to reduce the required processing and also to recognise patterns in the system level data associated with the behaviour of the user base and to learn the most appropriate response to this behaviour in terms of both network performance and also energy consumption. <strong>BeGREEN</strong> uses the emerging O-RAN standard and its evolution as the baseline architecture. The disaggregation, virtualisation and network and service management capabilities inherent in O-RAN provide the mechanisms to realise many of the infrastru
502cture changes and techniques for energy optimisation discussed above.<br />
503A priority for <strong>BeGREEN</strong> will be to establish a solid techno-economic basis for assessment of technology choices where energy efficiency is an explicit characteristic rather than an afterthought. With 5G networks being rolled out across the globe, and technologies addressing 6G use cases being actively debated in academic and industrial fora, there is still surprisingly little analysis of the actual impact of specific engineering choices made by the technical community in development of 5G. <strong>BeGREEN</strong> takes an evidence-based assessment of current and emerging radio access technology choices to expose the practical energy cost of cutting-edge technologies to help community achieve energy consumption targets. With this fundamental capability in place, the project will be in a strong position to achieve the objectives listed below.</p>                </div>
504                                            </div>
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519		<div class="showcase-content text-center">
520							<div class="showcase-text">
521					<h3 class="">Vision</h3>				</div>
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535                    <div id="concept" class="row projectssection flex-content row-2cols-6-6">
536
537
538                        
539
540                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
541                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_b8e75a0b9 element-style-100  el_col_1 el_col_1_3 page_element_type_43 element_showcase  gutter-bottom">
542                    
543				<style>
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549					}
550				</style>
551
552			
553
554		<div class="showcase-content text-center">
555							<div class="showcase-text">
556					<h3 class="">Concept</h3>				</div>
557					</div>
558
559
560		                </div>
561                                            </div>
562                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
563                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_9383842ebb element-style-122 well el_col_2 el_col_2_3 page_element_type_18 element_text  gutter-bottom">
564                    <p><strong>BeGREEN</strong> evaluate different mechanisms by which power consumption could be reduced based on the following pillars:</p>
565<p>At the architecture level, planning and evaluation of a massive MIMO included RAN design to achieve flexible and energy efficient connectivity considering spectrum utilisation, interference mitigation and architecture/processing complexity.</p>
566<p>At the hardware and infrastructure level, radio-unit controlling schemes will be used in power amplifiers energy optimisation. Also, an offloading engine for hardware acceleration will be employed to achieve energy efficie
566ncy when performing radio access functions and network function virtualisation.<br />
567At the link level, the integrated sensing techniques are used to provide a better estimate of the impact of the radio channel toward improvements in spectral efficiency against the increased power consumption associated with the resulting calculations.</p>
568<p>At the system level, the project pursues the development and evaluation of AI-based procedures to adapt the energy consumption of softwarised network functions, aiming to minimize the overall consumed energy according to the utilisation patterns of network. <strong>BeGREEN</strong> proposes an “Intelligent Plane”, as an additional plane along with user plane and data plane, that allows the data, model and inference to be seamlessly exchanged between network functions.</p>                </div>
569                                            </div>
570                        
571
572                    </div>
573                </div>
574            </div>	
575
576                    <div class="pagesection cols-multiple pagesection-element-style-122 pagesection-element-style-100 even  pagesection-fullwidth pagesection-tight  pagesection-projectssection  pagesection-flex-content  pagesection-flex-reverse" id="pagesection-508763">
577                <div class="pagesection-container  container-fluid container-tight  " >
578                    <div id="innovation" class="row projectssection flex-content flex-reverse row-2cols-6-6">
579
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581                        
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583                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
584                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_2af0421b07 element-style-122 well el_col_1 el_col_1_4 page_element_type_18 element_text  gutter-bottom">
585                    <p><strong>BeGREEN</strong> innovations targeting RAN energy efficiency enhancement include:</p>
586<p>o	Introducing a GPU-based offloading engine for acceleration of DU and RU GPU based for mMIMO radio-access heavy data processing<br />
587o	O-RAN based RU energy consumption optimization including, i) RU controlling schemes from O-RAN rApps, and xApps, ii) AI-based DPD and envelope tracking solutions<br />
588o	Introducing new methods in RIS aided sensing for assisted radio access<br />
589o	Introducing an ORAN -based ‘Intelligent Plane’ for AI-assisted network function energy optimisation<br />
590o	Introducing new ML algorithms to dynamically select CPU power saving modes (e.g., C-states) or adapt the number of active VNF instances to minimize energy consumption without affecting workload performance<br />
591o	Introducing eXplainable and interpretable AI algorithms to accurately pinpoint energy influencing factors of the network functions beyond traffic</p>                </div>
592                                            </div>
593                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
594                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_27de4a56fa element-style-100  el_col_2 el_col_2_4 page_element_type_43 element_showcase  gutter-bottom">
595                    
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602					}
603				</style>
604
605			
606
607		<div class="showcase-content text-center">
608							<div class="showcase-text">
609					<h3 class="">Innovation</h3>				</div>
610					</div>
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613		                </div>
614                                            </div>
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619            </div>	
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623                    <div id="demonstrators" class="row projectssection flex-content row-2c
623ols-6-6">
624
625
626                        
627
628                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
629                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_6a332ccb36 element-style-100  el_col_1 el_col_1_5 page_element_type_43 element_showcase  gutter-bottom">
630                    
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639
640			
641
642		<div class="showcase-content text-center">
643							<div class="showcase-text">
644					<h3 class="">Demonstrators</h3>				</div>
645					</div>
646
647
648		                </div>
649                                            </div>
650                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
651                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_fdc26e55a4 element-style-122 well el_col_2 el_col_2_5 page_element_type_18 element_text  gutter-bottom">
652                    <p><strong>BeGREEN</strong> technologies will be showcased in three demonstrations:</p>
653<p>At IHP premises, the joint communications and sensing techniques toward efficient resource allocation and optimised power consumption will be showcased. The project targets using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for energy saving scenarios in the demonstrations.</p>
654<p>Furthermore, two major project demonstrations will be performed at BT premises in Adastral park:</p>
655<p>First, the ‘Intelligent Plane’ implemented using ORAN rApps and xApps will be demonstrated on a network emulator.</p>
656<p>Then, the project final integrated demonstrator using the Adastral testbed facilities to showcase <strong>BeGREEN</strong> technology innovations.</p>                </div>
657                                            </div>
658                        
659
660                    </div>
661                </div>
662            </div>	
663
664                    <div class="pagesection cols-multiple pagesection-element-style-122 pagesection-element-style-100 even  pagesection-fullwidth pagesection-tight  pagesection-projectssection  pagesection-flex-content  pagesection-flex-reverse" id="pagesection-508762">
665                <div class="pagesection-container  container-fluid container-tight  " >
666                    <div id="impact" class="row projectssection flex-content flex-reverse row-2cols-6-6">
667
668
669                        
670
671                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
672                                                <div  class="page_element  page_element_9525785747 element-style-122 well el_col_1 el_col_1_6 page_element_type_18 element_text  gutter-bottom">
673                    <p><strong>BeGREEN</strong> pursues the following objectives:</p>
674<p>Planning and evaluation of a reference mMIMO architecture to achieve:<br />
675<> Energy efficient connectivity;<br />
676<> Proper spectrum resource allocation;<br />
677<> Optimised resource allocation;<br />
678<> Balance of energy transmission and interference mitigation;</p>
679<p>'DU/RU offloading engine’ GPU based acceleration as a fundamental technology component to achieve energy efficiency for high computing offloading platform that enables mMIMO radio-access heavy data processing, CU-UP hardware acceleration of PDCP, and acceleration of the RIC xApps;</p>
680<p>O-RAN based RU energy consumption optimization including, i) RU controlling schemes from O-RAN rApps, and xApps, ii) AI-based DPD and envelope tracking solutions;</p>
681<p>Development of a sensing-assisted communication approach, enabling optimal spatial resource-allocation, e.g., enhanced transmit power and beamwidth allocation, towards network energy usage optimization;</p>
682<p>Design and development of an ‘Intelligent Plane’, incorporating O-RAN, along with user plane and data plane, for AI-assisted network function energy optimisation that allows the data, model and inference to seamlessly exchange over the network;</p>
683<p>Design AI/ML algorithms that dynamically select CPU power saving modes (e.g., C-states) or adapt the number of active VNF instances to minimize energy consumption without affecting workload performance;</p>
684<p>Design AI/ML algorithms that uses eXplainable and interpretable AI algorithms (e.g.: Shapley algorithms and partial dependency plots) that will accurately pinpoint energy influencing factors of the network functions beyond traffic;</p>
685<p>Design and implementation of next generation Edge, aiming to minimize the overall energy cost by using, i) AI-assisted procedures to jointly control RAN resources and Edge service parameters, ii) RAN user-plane NF acceleration plus EAS offload.</p>                </div>
686                                            </div>
687                                                    <div class="col-sm-6">
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703					<h3 class="">Impact</h3>				</div>
704					</div>
705
706
707		                </div>
708                                            </div>
709                        
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711                    </div>
712                </div>
713            </div>	
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