1"use strict";(self.webpackChunkomnifile=self.webpackChunkomnifile||[]).push([[3140],{3263:function(e,r,n){n.d(r,{m:function(){return t}});var a=n(4848);const t={en:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Background removal"})," separates a subject from its surroundings so you can place it on transparency, swap the scene, or composite it into a new design. Under the hood youâre estimating an"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"alpha matte"}),"âa per-pixel opacity from 0 to 1âand then ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"alpha-compositing"})," the foreground over something else. This is the math from ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," and the cause of familiar pitfalls like âfringesâ and"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"straight vs. premultiplied alpha"}),". For practical guidance on premultiplication and linear color, see"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Microsoftâs Win2D notes"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", and"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lomontâs write-up on linear blending"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"The main ways people remove backgrounds"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Chroma key (âgreen/blue screenâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["If you can control capture, paint the backdrop a solid color (often green) and ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"key"})," that hue away. Itâs fast, battle-tested in film and broadcast, and ideal for video. The trade-offs are lighting and wardrobe: colored light spills onto edges (especially hair), so youâll use ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"despill"})," tools to neutralize contamination. Good primers include ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Nukeâs docs"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", and a hands-on"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion demo"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Interactive segmentation (classic CV)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["For single images with messy backgrounds, ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interactive"})," algorithms need a few user hintsâe.g., a loose rectangle or scribblesâand converge to a crisp mask. The canonical method is"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"book chapter"}),"), which learns color models for foreground/background and uses graph cuts iteratively to separate them. Youâll see similar ideas in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GIMPâs Foreground Select"})," based on"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ImageJ plugin"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Image matting (fine-grained alpha)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," solves fractional transparency at wispy boundaries (hair, fur, smoke, glass). Classic"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"closed-form matting"})," ","takes a ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimap"}
1)," (definitely-fore/definitely-back/unknown) and solves a linear system for alpha with strong edge fidelity. Modern"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"deep image matting"})," ","trains neural nets on the ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," dataset (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MMEditing docs"}),"), and is evaluated with metrics like"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradient, and Connectivity (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"benchmark explainer"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Deep learning cutouts (no trimap)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (salient-object detection) is a strong general âremove backgroundâ engine"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," targets real-time portrait matting (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"})," jointly predicts foreground, background, and alpha to reduce color halos"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," assumes a background plate and yields strand-level mattes in real time at up to 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"project page"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Related segmentation work is also useful:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," refines boundaries with an encoderâdecoder and atrous convolutions"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," gives per-instance masks"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); and"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," is a"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"promptable"})," foundation model that zero-shots masks on unfamiliar images."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"What popular tools do"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Remove Backgroun
1d quick action"})," runs âSelect Subject â layer maskâ under the hood"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"confirmed here"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-subject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Foreground Select"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": 1-click"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Background Remover"})," for images and short video."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": web app + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," for automation."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Apple devices"}),": system-level â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lift Subject"}),"â in Photos/Safari/Quick Look"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"cutouts on iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Workflow tips for cleaner cutouts"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Shoot smart."})," Good lighting and strong subjectâbackground contrast help every method. With green/blue screens, plan for"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"guide"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Start broad, refine narrow."})," Run an automatic selection (Select Subject,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), then refine edges with brushes or matting (e.g.,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"closed-form"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Mind semi-transparency."})," Glass, veils, motion blur, flyaway hair need true alpha (not just a hard mask). Methods that also recover"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," minimize halos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Know your alpha."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Straight vs. premultiplied"})," produce different edge behavior; export/composite consistently (see"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"overview"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Pick the right output."})," For âno background,â deliver a raster with a clean alpha (e.g., PNG/WebP) or keep layered files with masks if further edits are expected. The key is the"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"quality of the alpha"})," you computedârooted in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Quality & evaluation"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Academic work reports ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradient"}),", and ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connectivity"})," errors on"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". If youâre picking a model, look for those metrics"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"metric defs"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting metrics section"}),"). For portraits/video, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," and"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Background Matting V2"})," are strong; for general âsalient objectâ images,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," is a solid baseline; for tough transparency,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," can be cleaner."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Common edge cases (and fixes)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Hair & fur:"})," favor matting (trimap or portrait matting like"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") and inspect on a checkerboard."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Fine structures (bike spokes, fishing line):"})," use high-res inputs and a boundary-aware segmenter such as"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," as a pre-step before matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"See-through stuff (smoke, glass):"})," you need fractional alpha and often foreground color estimation"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Video conferencing:"})," if you can capture a clean plate,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," looks more natural than naive âvirtual backgroundâ toggles."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Where this shows up in the real world"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"E-commerce:"})," marketplaces (e.g., Amazon) often require a ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"pure white"})," main image background; see"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Product image guide"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Design tools:"})," Canvaâs"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Background Remover"})," and Photoshopâs"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Remove Backgroun
1d"})," ","streamline quick cutouts."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"On-device convenience:"})," iOS/macOS â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lift Subject"}),"â is great for casual sharing."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Why cutouts sometimes look fake (and fixes)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Color spill:"})," green/blue light wraps onto the subjectâuse"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill controls"})," or targeted color replacement."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/fringes:"})," usually an alpha-interpretation mismatch (straight vs. premultiplied) or edge pixels contaminated by the old background; convert/interpret correctly"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"overview"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"details"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wrong blur/grain:"})," paste a razor-sharp subject into a soft background and it pops; match lens blur and grain after compositing (see"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," basics)."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"TL;DR playbook"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"If you control capture:"})," use chroma key; light evenly; plan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"If itâs a one-off photo:"})," try Photoshopâs"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Remove Backgroun
1d"}),","," ","Canvaâs"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remover"}),", or"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; refine with brushes/matting for hair."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"If you need production-grade edges:"})," use matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"closed-form"})," ","or deep) and check alpha on transparency; mind"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alpha interpretation"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"For portraits/video:"})," consider"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," or"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; for click-guided segmentation,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," is a powerful front-end."]})]})]})},id:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Penghapusan latar belakang"})," memisahkan subjek dari lingkungannya sehingga Anda dapat meletakkannya di transparansi, menukar adegan, atau menggabungkannya ke dalam desain baru. Di balik layar, Anda memperkirakan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"alpha matte"}),"âopasitas per piksel dari 0 hingga 1âdan kemudian melakukan ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"alpha-compositing"})," pada latar depan di atas sesuatu yang lain. Ini adalah matematika dari ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," dan penyebab masalah umum seperti âpinggiranâ dan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa lurus vs. alfa premultiplikasi"}),". Untuk panduan praktis tentang premultiplikasi dan warna linear, lihat"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"catatan Win2D Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", dan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tulisan Lomont tentang pencampuran linear"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Cara utama orang menghapus latar belakang"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Chroma key (âlayar hijau/biruâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Jika Anda dapat mengontrol pengambilan, cat latar belakang dengan warna solid (seringkali hijau) dan ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"kunci"})," rona itu. Ini cepat, teruji dalam film dan siaran, dan ideal untuk video. Kelemahannya adalah pencahayaan dan busana: cahaya berwarna tumpah ke tepi (terutama rambut), jadi Anda akan menggunakan alat ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"despill"})," untuk menetralkan kontaminasi. Referensi awal yang bagus termasuk ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dokumentasi Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", dan demo langsung"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Segmentasi interaktif (CV klasik)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Untuk gambar tunggal dengan latar belakang yang berantakan, algoritme ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interaktif"})," memerlukan beberapa petunjuk penggunaâmisalnya, persegi panjang longgar atau coretanâdan menghasilkan mask yang tajam. Metode kanonis adalah"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"bab buku"}),"), yang mempelajari model warna untuk latar depan/latar belakang dan menggunakan potongan grafik secara berulang untuk memisahkannya. Anda akan melihat ide serupa di ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Seleksi Latar Depan GIMP"})," berdasarkan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matting gambar (alfa berbutir halus)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," memecahkan transparansi parsial pada batas tipis (rambut, bulu, asap, kaca). Klasik"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting bentuk-tertutup"})," ","mengambil ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimap"}
1)," (pasti-depan/pasti-belakang/tidak diketahui) dan menyelesaikan sistem linear untuk alfa dengan akurasi tepi yang tinggi. Modern"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"deep image matting"})," ","melatih jaringan saraf pada dataset ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dokumen MMEditing"}),"), dan dievaluasi dengan metrik seperti"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradient, dan Connectivity (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"penjelasan tolok ukur"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Potongan pembelajaran mendalam (tanpa trimap)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (deteksi objek menonjol) adalah mesin âhapus latar belakangâ umum yang kuat"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," menargetkan matting potret waktu-nyata (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"})," secara bersamaan memprediksi latar depan, latar belakang, dan alfa untuk mengurangi halo warna"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," mengasumsikan latar belakang yang bersih dan menghasilkan masker setingkat helai rambut secara waktu-nyata hingga 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"halaman proyek"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Pekerjaan segmentasi terkait juga berguna:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," menyempurnakan batas dengan encoderâdecoder dan konvolusi atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," memberikan masker per-instans"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); dan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," adalah model dasar yang"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"berbasis prompt"})," yang menghasilkan masker zero-shot pada gambar yang tidak dikenal."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Apa yang dilakukan alat populer"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": Tindakan cepat ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hapus Latar Belakang"})," menjalankan âPilih Subjek â masker lapisanâ di balik layar"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dikonfirmasi di sini"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Seleksi Latar Depan"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": 1-klik"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Penghapus Latar Belakang"})," untuk gambar dan video pendek."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": aplikasi web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," untuk otomatisasi."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Perangkat Apple"}),": tingkat sistem â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Angkat Subjek"}),"â di Foto/Safari/Tampilan Cepat"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"potongan di iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Kiat alur kerja untuk potongan yang lebih bersih"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Ambil gambar dengan cerdas."})," Pencahayaan yang baik dan kontras subjekâlatar belakang yang kuat membantu setiap metode. Dengan layar hijau/biru, rencanakan untuk"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"panduan"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Mulai dari gambaran umum, lalu persempit ke detail."})," Jalankan seleksi otomatis (Pilih Subjek,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), lalu sempurnakan tepi dengan kuas atau matting (misalnya,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"bentuk-tertutup"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Perhatikan semi-transparansi."})," Kaca, kerudung, buram gerak, rambut beterbangan memerlukan alfa sejati (bukan hanya masker keras). Metode yang juga memulihkan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," meminimalkan halo."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Pahami saluran alfa Anda."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lurus vs. premultiplied"})," menghasilkan perilaku tepi yang berbeda; ekspor/komposit secara konsisten (lihat"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"gambaran umum"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Pilih output yang tepat."})," Untuk âtanpa latar belakang,â berikan raster dengan alfa bersih (misalnya, PNG/WebP) atau simpan file berlapis dengan masker jika akan ada penyuntingan lebih lanjut. Kuncinya adalah"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"kualitas alfa"})," yang Anda hitungâberakar pada ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Kualitas & evaluasi"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Karya akademis melaporkan kesalahan ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradient"}),", dan ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connectivity"})," pada"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Jika Anda memilih model, cari metrik tersebut"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"definisi metrik"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"bagian metrik Background Matting"}),"). Untuk potret/video, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," dan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," kuat; untuk gambar âobjek menonjolâ umum,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," adalah dasar yang kuat; untuk transparansi yang sulit,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Kasus tepi umum (dan perbaikannya)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Rambut & bulu:"})," utamakan matting (trimap atau matting potret seperti"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") dan periksa pada latar papan catur."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Struktur halus (jeruji sepeda, tali pancing):"})," gunakan input resolusi tinggi dan segmenter yang sadar batas seperti"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," sebagai langkah sebelum matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Benda tembus pandang (asap, kaca):"})," Anda memerlukan alfa parsial dan seringkali estimasi warna latar depan"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Konferensi video:"})," jika Anda dapat menangkap pelat bersih,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," terlihat lebih alami daripada opsi âlatar belakang virtualâ yang naif."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Di mana ini muncul di dunia nyata"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"E-commerce:"})," marketplace (misalnya, Amazon) seringkali memerlukan latar belakang gambar utama ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"putih bersih"}),"; lihat"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Panduan gambar produk"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Alat desain:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Penghapus Latar Belakang"})," Canva dan ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hapus Latar Belakang"})," Photoshop"," ","memperlancar potongan cepat."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Kenyamanan di perangkat:"})," â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Angkat Subjek"}),"â iOS/macOS bagus untuk berbagi santai."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Mengapa potongan terkadang terlihat palsu (dan perbaikannya)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Tumpahan warna:"})," cahaya hijau/biru membungkus subjekâgunakan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"kontrol despill"})," atau penggantian warna yang ditargetkan."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/pinggiran:"})," biasanya ketidakcocokan interpretasi-alfa (lurus vs. premultiplied) atau piksel tepi yang terkontaminasi oleh latar belakang lama; konversi/interpretasi dengan benar"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"gambaran umum"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"detail"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Buram/grain yang salah:"})," tempel subjek yang tajam ke latar belakang yang buram dan itu menonjol; cocokkan buram lensa dan grain setelah proses komposit (lihat"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dasar-dasar PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Buku pedoman TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Jika Anda mengontrol pengambilan:"})," gunakan kunci kroma; cahaya merata; rencanakan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Jika ini foto sekali pakai:"})," coba ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hapus Latar Belakang"})," Photoshop,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"penghapus"})," Canva, atau"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; sempurnakan dengan kuas/matting untuk rambut."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Jika Anda memerlukan tepi kelas produksi:"})," gunakan matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"bentuk-tertutup"})," ","atau mendalam) dan periksa alfa pada transparansi; perhatikan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interpretasi alfa"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Untuk potret/video:"})," pertimbangkan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," atau"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; untuk segmentasi yang dipandu klik,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," adalah front-end yang kuat."]})]})]})},pl:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Usuwanie tÅa"})," oddziela obiekt od otoczenia, dziÄki czemu można go umieÅciÄ na przezroczystoÅci, zamieniÄ scenÄ lub wkomponowaÄ w nowy projekt. Pod maskÄ
szacujesz"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"maskÄ alfa"})," â nieprzezroczystoÅÄ na piksel od 0 do 1 â a nastÄpnie komponujesz pierwszy plan z użyciem kanaÅu alfa na czymÅ innym. To jest matematyka z ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," i przyczyna typowych puÅapek, takich jak âfrÄdzleâ i"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa prosta a premultiplikowana"}),". Praktyczne wskazówki dotyczÄ
ce premultiplikacji i koloru liniowego można znaleÅºÄ w"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"notatkach Win2D firmy Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Sørena Sandmanna"})," i"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"opracowaniu Lomonta na temat mieszania liniowego"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"GÅówne sposoby usuwania tÅa"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Kluczowanie chrominancyjne (âzielony/niebieski ekranâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["JeÅli możesz kontrolowaÄ przechwytywanie, pomaluj tÅo na jednolity kolor (czÄsto zielony) i ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"wyklucz"})," ten odcieÅ. Jest to szybkie, sprawdzone w filmie i telewizji oraz idealne do wideo. Kompromisy to oÅwietlenie i garderoba: kolorowe ÅwiatÅo rozlewa siÄ na krawÄdzie (zwÅaszcza wÅosy), wiÄc użyjesz narzÄdzi do ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"usuwania rozlania"}),", aby zneutralizowaÄ zanieczyszczenie. Dobre wprowadzenia obejmujÄ
",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dokumentacjÄ Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"})," i praktyczne"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"demo Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Interaktywna segmentacja (klasyczne CV)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["W przypadku pojedynczych obrazów z nieuporzÄ
dkowanym tÅem, algorytmy ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interaktywne"})," potrzebujÄ
kilku wskazówek od użytkownika â np. luźnego prostokÄ
ta lub gryzmoÅów â i tworzÄ
ostrÄ
maskÄ. KanonicznÄ
metodÄ
jest"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"rozdziaÅ ksiÄ
żki"}),"), który uczy siÄ modeli kolorów dla pierwszego planu/tÅa i iteracyjnie wykorzystuje ciÄcia grafowe do ich rozdzielenia. Podobne pomysÅy zobaczysz w ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Zaznaczaniu pierwszego planu w GIMP"})," opartym na"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"wtyczka ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matowanie obrazu (drobnoziarnista alfa)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matowanie"})," rozwiÄ
zuje problem czÄÅciowej przezroczystoÅci na delikatnych granicach (wÅosy, futro, dym, szkÅo). Klasyczne"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matowanie w formie zamkniÄtej"})," ","przyjmuje ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimapÄ"})," (zdecydowanie-pierwszy plan/zdecydowanie-tÅo/nieznane) i rozwiÄ
zuje ukÅad liniowy dla alfy z dużÄ
dokÅadnoÅciÄ
krawÄdzi. Nowoczesne"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"gÅÄbokie matowanie obrazu"})," ","uczy sieci neuronowe na zbiorze danych ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dokumentacja MMEditing"}),") i jest oceniane za pomocÄ
metryk takich jak"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradient i Connectivity (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"wyjaÅnienie benchmarku"}),")."]}
1),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Wycinanki z gÅÄbokiego uczenia (bez trimapy)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (wykrywanie obiektów wyróżniajÄ
cych siÄ) to silny, ogólny silnik do âusuwania tÅaâ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repozytorium"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," celuje w matowanie portretów w czasie rzeczywistym (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Matowanie F, B, Alpha (FBA)"})," wspólnie przewiduje pierwszy plan, tÅo i alfÄ, aby zredukowaÄ kolorowe otoczki"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repozytorium"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," zakÅada istnienie czystego ujÄcia tÅa i generuje maski o precyzji pojedynczych pasm w czasie rzeczywistym do 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"strona projektu"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repozytorium"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["PowiÄ
zane prace nad segmentacjÄ
sÄ
również przydatne:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," udoskonala granice za pomocÄ
kodera-dekodera i splotów atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," generuje maski dla poszczególnych instancji"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); a"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," to"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"sterowany promptami"})," model podstawowy, który generuje maski w trybie zero-shot na nieznanych obrazach."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Co robiÄ
popularne narzÄdzia"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": Szybka akcja ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"UsuÅ tÅo"})," uruchamia pod maskÄ
âZaznacz obiekt â maska warstwyâ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"potwierdzone tutaj"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"samouczek"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Zaznaczanie pierwszego planu"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": 1 klikniÄciem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Usuwanie tÅa"})," dla obrazów i krótkich filmów."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": aplikacja internetowa + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," do automatyzacji."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"UrzÄ
dzenia Apple"}),": systemowe â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PodnieÅ obiekt"}),"â w ZdjÄciach/Safari/Szybkim podglÄ
dzie"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"wycinanki na iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Wskazówki dotyczÄ
ce przepÅywu pracy dla czystszych wycinanek"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Fotografuj mÄ
drze."})," Dobre oÅwietlenie i silny kontrast miÄdzy obiektem a tÅem pomagajÄ
każdej metodzie. W przypadku zielonych/niebieskich ekranów zaplanuj"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"usuwanie rozlania"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"przewodnik"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Zacznij od ogóÅu, a nastÄpnie dopracuj szczegóÅy."})," Uruchom automatyczne zaznaczanie (Zaznacz obiekt,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), a nastÄpnie dopracuj krawÄdzie pÄdzlami lub matowaniem (np."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"w formie zamkniÄtej"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ZwrÃ³Ä uwagÄ na póÅprzezroczystoÅÄ."})," SzkÅo, welony, rozmycie w ruchu, rozwiane wÅosy wymagajÄ
prawdziwej alfy (a nie tylko twardej maski). Metody, które również odzyskujÄ
"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"}),", minimalizujÄ
aureole."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Zrozum kanaÅ alfa."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Prosta a premultiplikowana"})," dajÄ
różne zachowania krawÄdzi; eksportuj/komponuj spójnie (zobacz"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"przeglÄ
d"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wybierz odpowiedni format wyjÅciowy."})," W przypadku âbraku tÅaâ dostarcz raster z czystÄ
alfÄ
(np. PNG/WebP) lub zachowaj pliki warstwowe z maskami, jeÅli oczekiwane sÄ
dalsze edycje. Kluczem jest"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"jakoÅÄ obliczonej alfy"}),", którÄ
obliczyÅeÅ â zakorzeniona w ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"JakoÅÄ i ocena"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Prace akademickie raportujÄ
bÅÄdy ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradient"})," i ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connectivity"})," na"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". JeÅli wybierasz model, szukaj tych metryk"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"definicje metryk"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"sekcja metryk Background Matting"}),"). W przypadku portretów/wideo ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," i"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," sÄ
skuteczne; w przypadku ogólnych obrazów âobiektów wyróżniajÄ
cych siÄâ,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," jest solidnÄ
podstawÄ
; w przypadku trudnej przezroczystoÅci"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," daje lepsze rezultaty."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Typowe przypadki brzegowe (i poprawki)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"WÅosy i futro:"})," preferuj matowanie (trimapa lub matowanie portretowe, jak"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") i sprawdzaj na tle szachownicy."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Drobne struktury (szprychy rowerowe, żyÅka wÄdkarska):"})," używaj danych wejÅciowych o wysokiej rozdzielczoÅci i segmentatora uwzglÄdniajÄ
cego granice, takiego jak"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," jako krok wstÄpny przed matowaniem."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Przezroczyste obiekty (dym, szkÅo):"})," potrzebujesz uÅamkowej alfy i czÄsto szacowania koloru pierwszego planu"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wideokonferencje:"})," jeÅli możesz przechwyciÄ czystÄ
pÅytÄ,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," wyglÄ
da bardziej naturalnie niż naiwne opcje âwirtualnego tÅaâ."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Gdzie to siÄ pojawia w prawdziwym Åwiecie"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"E-commerce:"})," platformy handlowe (np. Amazon) czÄsto wymagajÄ
",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"czysto biaÅego"})," tÅa gÅównego obrazu; zobacz"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Przewodnik po obrazach produktów"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"NarzÄdzia do projektowania:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Usuwanie tÅa"})," w Canvie i ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"UsuÅ tÅo"})," w Photoshopie"," ","usprawniajÄ
szybkie wycinanki."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wygoda na urzÄ
dzeniu:"})," â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PodnieÅ obiekt"}),"â w iOS/macOS jest Åwietne do swobodnego udostÄpniania."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Dlaczego wycinanki czasami wyglÄ
dajÄ
sztucznie (i poprawki)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Rozlanie koloru:"})," zielone/niebieskie ÅwiatÅo otacza obiekt â użyj"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"kontroli usuwania rozlania"})," lub ukierunkowanej wymiany kolorów."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Aureola/frÄdzle:"})," zwykle niedopasowanie interpretacji alfy (prosta a premultiplikowana) lub piksele krawÄdzi zanieczyszczone starym tÅem; konwertuj/interpretuj poprawnie"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"przeglÄ
d"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"szczegóÅy"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"NiewÅaÅciwe rozmycie/ziarno:"})," wklej ostry jak brzytwa obiekt na rozmyte tÅo, a bÄdzie siÄ wyróżniaÅ; dopasuj rozmycie obiektywu i ziarno po kompozycji (zobacz"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"podstawy PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Poradnik TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"JeÅli kontrolujesz przechwytywanie:"})," użyj kluczowania chrominancyjnego; oÅwietlaj równomiernie; zaplanuj"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"usuwanie rozlania"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"JeÅli to jednorazowe zdjÄcie:"})," wypróbuj ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"UsuÅ tÅo"})," w Photoshopie,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"narzÄdzie do usuwania"})," w Canvie lub"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; dopracuj pÄdzlami/matowaniem w przypadku wÅosów."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"JeÅli potrzebujesz krawÄdzi o jakoÅci produkcyjnej:"})," użyj matowania ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"w formie zamkniÄtej"})," ","lub gÅÄbokiego) i sprawdź alfÄ na przezroczystoÅci; pamiÄtaj o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interpretacji alfy"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Do portretów/wideo:"})," rozważ"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," lub"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; do segmentacji sterowanej klikniÄciami,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," jest potÄżnym narzÄdziem."]})]})]})},it:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["La ",(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"rimozione dello sfondo"})," separa un soggetto dai suoi dintorni in modo da poterlo posizionare su trasparenza, scambiare la scena o comporla in un nuovo design. Sotto il cofano stai stimando un"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"alpha matte"}),"âun'opacità per pixel da 0 a 1âe poi applicando il compositing alfa al primo piano su qualcos'altro. Questa è la matematica di ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," e la causa di problemi comuni come âfrangeâ e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa dritto vs. premoltiplicato"}),". Per una guida pratica sulla premoltiplicazione e il colore lineare, vedere"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"le note Win2D di Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"l'articolo di Lomont sulla fusione lineare"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"I modi principali in cui le persone rimuovono gli sfondi"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Chroma key (âschermo verde/bluâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Se puoi controllare l'acquisizione, dipingi lo sfondo di un colore a tinta unita (spesso verde) e ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"elimina"})," quella tonalità . à veloce, ampiamente testato nel cinema e nelle trasmissioni, e ideale per i video. I compromessi sono l'illuminazione e l'abbigliamento: la luce colorata si riversa sui bordi (specialmente i capelli), quindi userai strumenti di ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"despill"})," per neutralizzare la contaminazione. Buone guide introduttive includono ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"la documentazione di Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", e una demo pratica di"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Segmentazione interattiva (CV classica)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Per singole immagini con sfondi disordinati, gli algoritmi ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interattivi"})," necessitano di alcuni suggerimenti dell'utente, ad esempio un rettangolo approssimativo o scarabocchi, e generano una maschera nitida. Il metodo canonico è"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"capitolo del libro"}),"), che apprende modelli di colore per primo piano/sfondo e utilizza tagli di grafo in modo iterativo per separarli. Vedrai idee simili in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Selezione primo piano di GIMP"})," basato su"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Image matting (alfa a grana fine)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Il ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," risolve la trasparenza parziale ai confini sottili (capelli, pelliccia, fumo, vetro). Il"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting a forma chiusa"})," ","classico prende una ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimappa"})," (decisamente-primo piano/decisamente-sfondo/sconosciuto) e risolve un sistema lineare per l'alfa con una forte precisione dei bordi. Il"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"deep image matting"})," ","moderno addestra reti neurali sul dataset ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"documentazione MMEditing"}),"), ed è valutato con metriche come"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradiente e Connettività (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"spiegazione del benchmark"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Ritagli con deep learning (senza trimappa)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (rilevamento di oggetti salienti) è un potente motore generico per ârimuovere lo sfondoâ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," si rivolge al matting di ritratti in tempo reale (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"})," predice congiuntamente primo piano, sfondo e alfa per ridurre gli aloni di colore"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
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1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Selezione primo piano"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": con 1 clic"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Rimozione sfondo"})," per immagini e brevi video."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": app web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," per l'automazione."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Dispositivi Apple"}),": a livello di sistema â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Solleva soggetto"}),"â in Foto/Safari/Quick Look"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ritagli su iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Suggerimenti sul flusso di lavoro per ritagli più puliti"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Scatta in modo intelligente."})," Una buona illuminazione e un forte contrasto soggetto-sfondo aiutano ogni metodo. Con schermi verdi/blu, pianifica il"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"guida"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Inizia con una selezione ampia, quindi affina i dettagli."})," Esegui una selezione automatica (Seleziona soggetto,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), quindi affina i bordi con pennelli o matting (ad es."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"a forma chiusa"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Fai attenzione alla semitrasparenza."})," Vetro, veli, motion blur, capelli al vento necessitano di un vero alfa (non solo di una maschera dura). I metodi che recuperano anche"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," minimizzano gli aloni."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comprendi il canale alfa."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Dritto vs. premoltiplicato"})," producono un comportamento dei bordi diverso; esporta/componi in modo coerente (vedi"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"panoramica"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Scegli l'output giusto."})," Per ânessuno sfondoâ, fornisci un raster con un alfa pulito (ad es. PNG/WebP) o mantieni i file a livelli con maschere se sono previste ulteriori modifiche. La chiave è la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"qualità dell'alfa"})," che hai calcolato, radicata in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Qualità e valutazione"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Il lavoro accademico riporta errori di ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradiente"})," e ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connettività "})," su"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Se stai scegliendo un modello, cerca quelle metriche"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"definizioni delle metriche"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"sezione metriche di Background Matting"}),"). Per ritratti/video, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," sono molto efficaci; per immagini generiche di âoggetti salientiâ,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," è una solida base; per trasparenze difficili,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," può dare risultati migliori."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Casi limite comuni (e soluzioni)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Capelli e pelliccia:"})," preferisci il matting (trimappa o matting per ritratti come"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") e ispeziona su uno sfondo a scacchiera."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Strutture fini (raggi di bicicletta, filo da pesca):"})," utilizza input ad alta risoluzione e un segmentatore consapevole dei confini come"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," come pre-passaggio prima del matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Oggetti trasparenti (fumo, vetro):"})," hai bisogno di alfa frazionario e spesso di stima del colore del primo piano"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Videoconferenze:"})," se riesci a catturare una lastra di sfondo pulita,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," sembra più naturale delle ingenue opzioni di âsfondo virtualeâ."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Dove questo si manifesta nel mondo reale"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"E-commerce:"})," i marketplace (ad es. Amazon) richiedono spesso uno sfondo dell'immagine principale ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"bianco puro"}),"; vedere"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Guida alle immagini del prodotto"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Strumenti di progettazione:"})," lo ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"strumento di rimozione dello sfondo di Canva"})," e ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Rimuovi sfondo"})," di Photoshop"," ","semplificano i ritagli veloci."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comodità sul dispositivo:"})," â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Solleva soggetto"}),"â di iOS/macOS è ottimo per la condivisione occasionale."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Perché i ritagli a volte sembrano finti (e soluzioni)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Contaminazione del colore:"})," la luce verde/blu avvolge il soggetto: usa"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"controlli despill"})," o la sostituzione mirata del colore."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Alone/frange:"})," di solito una mancata corrispondenza dell'interpretazione alfa (dritto vs. premoltiplicato) o pixel dei bordi contaminati dal vecchio sfondo; converti/interpreta correttamente"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"panoramica"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dettagli"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Sfocatura/grana sbagliate:"})," incolla un soggetto nitidissimo su uno sfondo sfocato e risalta; abbina la sfocatura dell'obiettivo e la grana dopo la composizione (vedi"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"le basi di PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Manuale TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se controlli l'acquisizione:"})," usa il chroma key; illumina in modo uniforme; pianifica il"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se si tratta di una foto una tantum:"})," prova ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Rimuovi sfondo"})," di Photoshop,"," ","lo ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"strumento di rimozione dello sfondo di Canva"})," o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; affina i bordi con pennelli o tecniche di matting per i capelli."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se hai bisogno di bordi di qualità professionale:"})," usa il matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"a forma chiusa"})," ","o profondo) e controlla l'alfa sulla trasparenza; fai attenzione all'"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interpretazione del canale alfa"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Per ritratti/video:"})," considera"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
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Bu, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," matematiÄidir ve âsaçaklarâ ve"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"düz ve önceden çarpılmıŠalfa"})," gibi yaygın sorunların nedenidir. Ãnceden çarpma ve doÄrusal renk hakkında pratik rehberlik için"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Microsoftâun Win2D notlarına"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),"âa ve"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lomontâun doÄrusal harmanlama üzerine yazısına"})," bakın."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Ä°nsanların arka planları kaldırmasının ana yolları"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Kroma anahtarı (âyeÅil/mavi ekranâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Ãekimi kontrol edebiliyorsanız, arka planı düz bir renge (genellikle yeÅil) boyayın ve bu tonu ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"anahtarlayın"}),". Hızlıdır, film ve yayında kendini kanıtlamıÅtır ve video için idealdir. Dezavantajları aydınlatma ve kıyafetlerdir: renkli ıÅık kenarlara (özellikle saça) taÅar, bu nedenle kirlenmeyi nötralize etmek için ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"dökülme önleyici"})," araçlar kullanırsınız. Ä°yi baÅlangıç kılavuzları arasında ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Nukeâun belgeleri"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"})," ve uygulamalı bir"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion demosu"})," bulunur."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) EtkileÅimli segmentasyon (klasik CV)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["DaÄınık arka planlara sahip tek görüntüler için, ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"etkileÅimli"})," algoritmalar birkaç kullanıcı ipucuna ihtiyaç duyarâörneÄin, gevÅek bir dikdörtgen veya karalamalarâve keskin bir maske oluÅturur. Kanonik yöntem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"}),"âtır"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"kitap bölümü"}),"), ön plan/arka plan için renk modelleri öÄrenir ve bunları ayırmak için yinelemeli olarak grafik kesimlerini kullanır. 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doÄru Åekilde dönüÅtürün/yorumlayın"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"genel bakıÅ"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ayrıntılar"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"YanlıŠbulanıklık/gren:"})," jilet gibi keskin bir konuyu bulanık bir arka plana yapıÅtırın ve öne çıkar; kompozisyon sonrası lens bulanıklıÄını ve greni eÅleÅtirin (bkz."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff temelleri"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"TL;DR oyun kitabı"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Ãekimi kontrol ediyorsanız:"})," kroma anahtarı kullanın; eÅit Åekilde aydınlatın;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dökülme önleyici"})," planlayın."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Tek seferlik bir fotoÄrafsa:"})," Photoshopâun"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Arka Planı Kaldır"}),"âını,"," ","Canvaânın"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"kaldırıcısını"})," veya"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"âyi deneyin; saç için fırçalar/matlaÅtırma ile iyileÅtirin."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Ãretim sınıfı kenarlara ihtiyacınız varsa:"})," matlaÅtırma kullanın ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"kapalı form"})," ","veya derin) ve Åeffaflık üzerinde alfayı kontrol edin;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa yorumlamasına"})," dikkat edin."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Portreler/video için:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," veya"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Arka Plan MatlaÅtırma V2"}),"âyi düÅünün; tıklama güdümlü segmentasyon için,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," güçlü bir ön uçtur."]})]})]})},ko:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ë°°ê²½ ì ê±°"}),"ë í¼ì¬ì²´ë¥¼ ì£¼ë³ í경과 ë¶ë¦¬íì¬ í¬ëª
ë°°ê²½ì ë°°ì¹íê±°ë, ì¥ë©´ì ë°ê¾¸ê±°ë, ìë¡ì´ ëìì¸ì í©ì±í ì ìê² í´ì¤ëë¤. ë´ë¶ì ì¼ë¡ë 0ìì 1ê¹ì§ì í½ì
ë¹ ë¶í¬ëª
ëì¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ìí 매í¸"}),"를 ì¶ì íê³ , ì ê²½ì ìí í©ì±íì¬ ë¤ë¥¸ ê² ìì ë°°ì¹íë ê²ì
ëë¤. ì´ê²ì ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¬í°âëí"}),"ì ìíì´ë©°, âí린ì§âì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì¤í¸ë ì´í¸ ìí ë 미리 ê³±í´ì§ ìí"}),"ì ê°ì íí ë°ìíë 문ì ì ìì¸ì
ëë¤. 미리 ê³±í기ì ì í ììì ëí ì¤ì©ì ì¸ ì§ì¹¨ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us
1/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ì Win2D ë
¸í¸"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì ë ì°ë§"}),", ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë¡ëª¬í¸ì ì í ë¸ë ë©ì ëí ê¸"}),"ì 참조íììì¤."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ì¬ëë¤ì´ ë°°ê²½ì ì ê±°íë 주ì ë°©ë²"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) í¬ë¡ë§ í¤(â그린/ë¸ë£¨ ì¤í¬ë¦°â)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["ì´¬ìì ì ì´í ì ìë¤ë©´ ë°°ê²½ì ë¨ì(ì£¼ë¡ ë
¹ì)ì¼ë¡ ì¹ íê³ í´ë¹ ì조를 ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"í¤"}),"ë¡ ë¹¼ë
ëë¤. ì´ ë°©ë²ì ë¹ ë¥´ê³ , ìí ë° ë°©ì¡ìì ê²ì¦ëìì¼ë©°, ë¹ëì¤ì ì´ìì ì
ëë¤. ë¨ì ì ì¡°ëª
ê³¼ ììì
ëë¤: ìê¹ ìë ë¹ì´ ê°ì¥ì리(í¹í 머리카ë½)ì ë²ì§ë¯ë¡, ì¤ì¼ì ì¤íí기 ìí´ ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ëì¤í ë구"}),"를 ì¬ì©í´ì¼ í©ëë¤. ì¢ì ì
문 ìë£ë¡ë ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ëí¬ì 문ì"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë¯¹ì± ë¼ì´í¸"}),", ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ì§ì í´ë³´ë"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¨ì ë°ëª¨"}),"ê° ììµëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) ëíí ë¶í (ê³ ì CV)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["ë°°ê²½ì´ ì§ì ë¶í ë¨ì¼ ì´ë¯¸ì§ì ê²½ì°, ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ëíí"})," ìê³ ë¦¬ì¦ì ì¬ì©ìì ëª ê°ì§ íí¸(ì: ëì¨í ì¬ê°íì´ë ëì)를 íìë¡ íë©°, ì ëª
í ë§ì¤í¬ë¥¼ ìì±í©ëë¤. íì¤ì ì¸ ë°©ë²ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ê·¸ë©ì»·"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì±
ì ì¥"}),")ì¼ë¡, ì ê²½/ë°°ê²½ì ìì 모ë¸ì íìµíê³ ê·¸ëí ì»·ì ë°ë³µì ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©íì¬ ë¶ë¦¬í©ëë¤.",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GIMPì ì ê²½ ì í"}),"ììë ë¹ì·í ìì´ëì´ë¥¼ ë³¼ ì ìì¼ë©°, ì´ë"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ImageJ íë¬ê·¸ì¸"}),")ì 기ë°í©ëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) ì´ë¯¸ì§ 매í
(ì¸ë°í ìí)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"매í
"}),"ì ê°ëë¤ë ê²½ê³(머리카ë½, í¸, ì°ê¸°, ì 리)ìì ë¶ë¶ì ì¸ í¬ëª
ë를 í´ê²°í©ëë¤. ê³ ì ì ì¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"íìí 매í
"}),"ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"í¸ë¼ì´ë§µ"}),"(íì¤í ì ê²½/íì¤í ë°°ê²½/ì ì ìì)ì ì¬ì©íì¬ ê°ë ¥í ê°ì¥ì리 ì íëë¡ ìíì ëí ì í ìì¤í
ì íëë¤. íëì ì¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë¥ ì´ë¯¸ì§ 매í
"}),"ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì´ëë¹ ì»´í¬ì§ì
-1K"})," ë°ì´í°ì
(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MMEditing 문ì"}),")ìì ì ê²½ë§ì íë ¨ìí¤ë©°,"," ","SAD, MSE, ê·¸ëëì¸í¸, ì°ê²°ì±ê³¼ ê°ì ë©í¸ë¦ì¼ë¡ íê°ë©ëë¤(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"벤ì¹ë§í¬ ì¤ëª
"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) ë¥ ë¬ë ì»·ìì(í¸ë¼ì´ë§µ ìì)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),"(ëëë¬ì§ ê°ì²´ ê°ì§)ì ê°ë ¥í ì¼ë° âë°°ê²½ ì ê±°â ìì§ì
ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"리í¬ì§í 리"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),"ì ì¤ìê° ì¸ë¬¼ 매í
ì 목íë¡ í©ëë¤(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, ìí(FBA) 매í
"}),"ì ìì íê´ì ì¤ì´ê¸° ìí´ ì ê²½, ë°°ê²½, ìí를 í¨ê» ì측í©ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"리í¬ì§í 리"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ 매í
V2"}),"ë 깨ëí ë°°ê²½ì ê°ì íê³ ìµë 4K/30fpsìì ì¤ìê°ì¼ë¡ ë¨¸ë¦¬ì¹´ë½ í ì¬ ìì¤ì ë§ì¤í¬ë¥¼ ìì±í©ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"íë¡ì í¸ íì´ì§"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/Backgroun
1dMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"리í¬ì§í 리"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["ê´ë ¨ë ë¶í ìì
ë ì ì©í©ëë¤:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"}),"ë ì¸ì½ë-ëì½ëì ìí¸ë¬ì¤ 컨볼루ì
ì¼ë¡ ê²½ê³ë¥¼ ë¤ë¬ìµëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë§ì¤í¬ R-CNN"}),"ì ì¸ì¤í´ì¤ë³ ë§ì¤í¬ë¥¼ ì ê³µí©ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM(Segment Anything)"}),"ì"," ","ìë¡ì´ ì´ë¯¸ì§ì ëí´ ì ë¡ì·ì¼ë¡ ë§ì¤í¬ë¥¼ ìì±íë ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"í롬íí¸ ê¸°ë°"})," 기본 모ë¸ì
ëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ì¸ê¸° ìë ë구ì 기ë¥"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"í¬í ìµ"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ ì ê±° ë¹ ë¥¸ ìì
"}),"ì ë´ë¶ì ì¼ë¡ âí¼ì¬ì²´ ì í â ë ì´ì´ ë§ì¤í¬â를 ì¤íí©ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì¬ê¸°ì íì¸"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"íí 리ì¼"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì ê²½ ì í"}),"(SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": ì´ë¯¸ì§ ë° ì§§ì ë¹ëì¤ë¥¼ ìí ìí´ë¦"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ ì 거기"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": ìëí를 ìí ì¹ ì± + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì í 기기"}),": ì¬ì§/ì¬í리/íµë£©ì ìì¤í
ìì¤ â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¼ì¬ì²´ ë¤ì´ì¬ë¦¬ê¸°"}),"â"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"iOSì ì»·ìì"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ë 깨ëí ì»·ììì ìí ìí¬íë¡ì° í"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì¤ë§í¸íê² ì´¬ìíì¸ì."})," ì¢ì ì¡°ëª
ê³¼ ê°í í¼ì¬ì²´-ë°°ê²½ ëë¹ë 모ë ë°©ë²ì ëìì´ ë©ëë¤. 그린/ë¸ë£¨ ì¤í¬ë¦°ì ì¬ì©í ê²½ì°,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ëì¤í"}),"ì ê³ííì¸ì"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ê°ì´ë"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì ì²´ì ì¼ë¡ ììíì¬ ì¸ë¶ì ì¼ë¡ ë¤ë¬ì¼ì¸ì."})," ìë ì í(í¼ì¬ì²´ ì í,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),")ì ì¤íí ë¤ì, ë¸ë¬ìë 매í
(ì:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"íìí"}),")ì¼ë¡ ê°ì¥ì리를 ë¤ë¬ìµëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ë°í¬ëª
ì ì ìíì¸ì."})," ì 리, ë² ì¼, 모ì
ë¸ë¬, ë 리ë 머리카ë½ì ë¨ìí íë ë§ì¤í¬ê° ìë ì§ì í ìíê° íìí©ëë¤."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"}),"를 복구íë ë°©ë²ì íê´ì ìµìíí©ëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ìí ì±ëì ì´í´íì¸ì."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì¤í¸ë ì´í¸ ë 미리 ê³±í´ì§ ìí"}),"ë ë¤ë¥¸ ê°ì¥ì리 ëìì ìì±í©ëë¤; ì¼ê´ëê² ë´ë³´ë´ê¸°/í©ì±íì¸ì(참조:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ê°ì"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í그리ë¸ì¤"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì¬ë°ë¥¸ ì¶ë ¥ì ì ííì¸ì."})," âë°°ê²½ ììâì ê²½ì°, 깨ëí ìíê° ìë ëì¤í°(ì: PNG/WebP)를 ì ê³µíê±°ë, ì¶ê° í¸ì§ì´ ììëë ê²½ì° ë§ì¤í¬ê° ìë ë ì´ì´ íì¼ì ì ì§íì¸ì. íµì¬ì"," ","ê³ì°í ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ìíì íì§"}),"ì´ë©°, ì´ë ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¬í°âëí"}),"ì ë¿ë¦¬ë¥¼ ëê³ ììµëë¤."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"íì§ ë° íê°"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["íì ì°êµ¬ììë ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì»´í¬ì§ì
-1K"}),"ì ëí ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ê·¸ëëì¸í¸"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ì°ê²°ì±"})," ì¤ë¥ë¥¼ ë³´ê³ í©ëë¤. 모ë¸ì ì ííë ê²½ì° í´ë¹ ë©í¸ë¦ì ì°¾ìë³´ì¸ì"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë©í¸ë¦ ì ì"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ 매í
ë©í¸ë¦ ì¹ì
"}),"). ì¸ë¬¼/ë¹ëì¤ì ê²½ì°, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),"ê³¼"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ 매í
V2"}),"ê° ê°ë ¥í©ëë¤; ì¼ë°ì ì¸ âëëë¬ì§ ê°ì²´â ì´ë¯¸ì§ì ê²½ì°,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),"ì´ ê²¬ê³ í 기ì¤ì ì
ëë¤; ì´ë ¤ì´ í¬ëª
ëì ê²½ì°,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),"ê° ë ëì 결과를 ì ê³µí ì ììµëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ì¼ë°ì ì¸ ì£ì§ ì¼ì´ì¤(ë° ìì )"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ë¨¸ë¦¬ì¹´ë½ ë° í¸:"})," 매í
(í¸ë¼ì´ë§µ ëë"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),"ê³¼ ê°ì ì¸ë¬¼ 매í
)ì ì í¸íê³ ì²´ì»¤ë³´ë ë°°ê²½ìì ê²ì¬íì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ë¯¸ì¸ êµ¬ì¡°(ìì ê±° ë°í´ì´, ëì¯ì¤):"})," ê³ í´ìë ì
ë ¥ì ì¬ì©íê³ ë§¤í
ì ì¬ì ë¨ê³ë¡"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"}),"ì ê°ì ê²½ê³ ì¸ì ë¶í 기를 ì¬ì©íì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"í¬ëª
í ê²ë¤(ì°ê¸°, ì 리):"})," ë¶ë¶ì ì¸ ìíì ì¢
ì¢
ì ê²½ì ì¶ì ì´ íìí©ëë¤"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"íì íì:"})," 깨ëí íë ì´í¸ë¥¼ 캡ì²í ì ìë¤ë©´,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ 매í
V2"}),"ê° ìì§í âê°ì ë°°ê²½â í ê¸ë³´ë¤ ë ìì°ì¤ë¬ì ë³´ì
ëë¤."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ì¤ìíìì ëíëë ê³³"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì ììê±°ë:"})," ë§ì¼íë ì´ì¤(ì: ìë§ì¡´)ë ì¢
ì¢
",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ìë°±ì"})," ë©ì¸ ì´ë¯¸ì§ ë°°ê²½ì ì구í©ëë¤; 참조:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì í ì´ë¯¸ì§ ê°ì´ë"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ëìì¸ ë구:"})," ìºë°ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ ì 거기"}),"ì í¬í ìµì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ ì ê±°"}),"ë"," ","ë¹ ë¥¸ ì»·ììì ê°ìíí©ëë¤."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"기기 ë´ í¸ìì±:"})," iOS/macOSì â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¼ì¬ì²´ ë¤ì´ì¬ë¦¬ê¸°"}),"âë ê°ë²¼ì´ ê³µì ì ì¢ìµëë¤."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"ì»·ììì´ ê°ì§ì²ë¼ ë³´ì´ë ì´ì (ë° ìì )"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ìì ë²ì§:"})," ë
¹ì/íëì ë¹ì´ í¼ì¬ì²´ë¥¼ ê°ìëë¤â"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ëì¤í 컨í¸ë¡¤"})," ëë ëì ìì êµì²´ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"íê´/í린ì§:"})," ì¼ë°ì ì¼ë¡ ìí í´ì ë¶ì¼ì¹(ì¤í¸ë ì´í¸ ë 미리 ê³±í´ì§) ëë ì´ì ë°°ê²½ì ì¤ì¼ë ê°ì¥ì리 í½ì
; ì¬ë°ë¥´ê² ë³í/í´ìíì¸ì"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ê°ì"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì¸ë¶ ì ë³´"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì못ë ë¸ë¬/ê·¸ë ì¸:"})," ë¶ëë¬ì´ ë°°ê²½ì ë ì¹´ë¡ì´ í¼ì¬ì²´ë¥¼ ë¶ì¬ë£ì¼ë©´ íì´ëìµëë¤; í©ì± í ë ì¦ ë¸ë¬ì ê·¸ë ì¸ì ì¼ì¹ìí¤ì¸ì(참조:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"í¬í°âëí 기본"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"TL;DR íë ì´ë¶"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì´¬ìì ì ì´íë ê²½ì°:"})," í¬ë¡ë§ í¤ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íì¸ì; ê³ ë¥´ê² ì¡°ëª
íì¸ì;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ëì¤í"}),"ì ê³ííì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì¼íì± ì¬ì§ì¸ ê²½ì°:"})," í¬í ìµì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ ì ê±°"}),","," ","ìºë°ì"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ì 거기"}),", ëë"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"를 ìëíì¸ì; 머리카ë½ì ë¸ë¬ì/매í
ì¼ë¡ ë¤ë¬ì¼ì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"íë¡ëì
ê¸ ê°ì¥ìë¦¬ê° íìí ê²½ì°:"})," 매í
( "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"íìí"})," ","ëë ë¥)ì ì¬ì©íê³ í¬ëª
ëìì ìí를 íì¸íì¸ì;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ìí í´ì"}),"ì ì ìíì¸ì."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ì¸ë¬¼/ë¹ëì¤ì ê²½ì°:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," ëë"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ë°°ê²½ 매í
V2"}),"를 ê³ ë ¤íì¸ì; í´ë¦ ì ë ë¶í ì ê²½ì°,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"ì ê°ë ¥í íë¡ í¸ìëì
ëë¤."]})]})]})},de:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Hintergrundentfernung"})," trennt ein Motiv von seiner Umgebung, sodass Sie es auf Transparenz platzieren, die Szene austauschen oder es in ein neues Design komponieren können. Unter der Haube schätzen Sie eine"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Alpha-Matte"})," â eine pro-Pixel-Deckkraft von 0 bis 1 â und dann den Vordergrund mittels Alpha-Compositing über etwas anderem legen. Dies ist die Mathematik von ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," und die Ursache für typische Fallstricke wie âRänderâ und"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"gerades vs. vormultipliziertes Alpha"}),". Praktische Anleitungen zur Vormultiplikation und linearen Farbe finden Sie in"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us
1/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Microsofts Win2D-Notizen"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"})," und"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lomonts Beitrag zum linearen Blending"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Die wichtigsten Methoden zur Hintergrundentfernung"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Chroma-Keying (âGreen/Blue Screenâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Wenn Sie die Aufnahme steuern können, malen Sie den Hintergrund in einer Volltonfarbe (oft grün) und ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"keyen"})," Sie diesen Farbton aus. Es ist schnell, in Film und Fernsehen bewährt und ideal für Videos. Die Kompromisse sind Beleuchtung und Garderobe: farbiges Licht schwappt auf die Ränder (besonders Haare), daher verwenden Sie ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Despill-Werkzeuge"}),", um die Kontamination zu neutralisieren. Gute Einführungen umfassen ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Nukes Dokumentation"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"})," und eine praktische"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion-Demo"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Interaktive Segmentierung (klassisches CV)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Bei Einzelbildern mit unordentlichen Hintergründen benötigen ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interaktive"})," Algorithmen einige Benutzerhinweise â z. B. ein lockeres Rechteck oder Kritzeleien â und erzeugen eine scharfe Maske. Die kanonische Methode ist"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Buchkapitel"}),"), das Farbmodelle für Vordergrund/Hintergrund lernt und Graphenschnitte iterativ verwendet, um sie zu trennen. Ãhnliche Ideen finden Sie in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GIMPs Vordergrundauswahl"})," basierend auf"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ImageJ-Plugin"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Image Matting (feinkörniges Alpha)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," löst die fraktionierte Transparenz an feinen Grenzen (Haare, Fell, Rauch, Glas). 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1d Matting V2"})," geht von einer Hintergrundplatte aus und liefert strähnengenaue Mattes in Echtzeit mit bis zu 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Projektseite"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Repo"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Verwandte Segmentierungsarbeiten sind ebenfalls nützlich:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," verfeinert Grenzen mit einem Encoder-Decoder und atrousen Faltungen"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," liefert instanzspezifische Masken"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); und"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," ist ein"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"durch Prompts steuerbares"})," Grundlagenmodell, das Zero-Shot-Masken auf unbekannten Bildern erzeugt."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Was beliebte Tools tun"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": Die Schnellaktion ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrund entfernen"})," führt unter der Haube âMotiv auswählen â Ebenenmaskeâ aus"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"hier bestätigt"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Vordergrundauswahl"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": 1-Klick-"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrundentferner"})," für Bilder und kurze Videos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": Web-App + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," zur Automatisierung."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Apple-Geräte"}),": systemweites â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Motiv vom Hintergrund lösen"}),"â in Fotos/Safari/Quick Look"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Ausschnitte unter iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Workflow-Tipps für sauberere Ausschnitte"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Intelligent fotografieren."})," Gute Beleuchtung und starker Motiv-Hintergrund-Kontrast helfen bei jeder Methode. Planen Sie bei Green/Blue Screens"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Despill"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Anleitung"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Beginnen Sie mit einer breiten Auswahl und verfeinern Sie dann die Details."})," Führen Sie eine automatische Auswahl aus (Motiv auswählen,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), und verfeinern Sie dann die Kanten mit Pinseln oder Matting (z. B."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Closed-Form"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Achten Sie auf Halbtransparenz."})," Glas, Schleier, Bewegungsunschärfe, fliegende Haare benötigen echtes Alpha (nicht nur eine harte Maske). Methoden, die auch"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," wiederherstellen, minimieren Farbsäume."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Kennen Sie Ihr Alpha."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Gerades vs. vormultipliziertes"})," Alpha erzeugt unterschiedliches Kantenverhalten; exportieren/komponieren Sie konsistent (siehe"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Ãbersicht"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wählen Sie die richtige Ausgabe."})," Für âkein Hintergrundâ liefern Sie ein Raster mit sauberem Alpha (z. B. PNG/WebP) oder behalten Sie geschichtete Dateien mit Masken, wenn weitere Bearbeitungen erwartet werden. Der Schlüssel ist die"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Qualität des Alphas"}),", das Sie berechnet haben â verwurzelt in ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Qualität & Bewertung"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Akademische Arbeiten berichten über ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),"-, ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),"-, ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradienten"}),"- und ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Konnektivitäts"}),"-Fehler auf"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Wenn Sie ein Modell auswählen, suchen Sie nach diesen Metriken"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Metrikdefinitionen"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Metrikabschnitt von Background Matting"}),"). Für Porträts/Videos sind ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," und"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," leistungsstark; für allgemeine âsaliente Objektâ-Bilder ist"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," eine solide Grundlage; für schwierige Transparenz kann"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," sauberer sein."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Häufige Randfälle (und Korrekturen)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Haare & Fell:"})," bevorzugen Sie Matting (Trimap oder Porträt-Matting wie"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") und prüfen Sie auf einem Schachbretthintergrund."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Feine Strukturen (Fahrradspeichen, Angelschnur):"})," verwenden Sie hochauflösende Eingaben und einen grenzbewussten Segmentierer wie"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," als Vorschritt vor dem Matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Durchsichtige Dinge (Rauch, Glas):"})," Sie benötigen fraktioniertes Alpha und oft eine Vordergrundfarbschätzung"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Videokonferenzen:"})," Wenn Sie eine saubere Platte aufnehmen können, sieht"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," natürlicher aus als naive âvirtueller Hintergrundâ-Optionen."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Wo dies in der realen Welt auftaucht"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"E-Commerce:"})," Marktplätze (z. B. Amazon) verlangen oft einen ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"reinweiÃen"})," Hauptbildhintergrund; siehe"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Produktbild-Leitfaden"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Design-Tools:"})," Canvas"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrundentferner"})," und Photoshops"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrund entfernen"})," ","optimieren schnelle Ausschnitte."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Bequemlichkeit auf dem Gerät:"})," iOS/macOS â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Motiv vom Hintergrund lösen"}),"â ist ideal für gelegentliches Teilen."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Warum Ausschnitte manchmal unecht aussehen (und Korrekturen)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Farbsaum:"})," grünes/blaues Licht umgibt das Motiv â verwenden Sie"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Despill-Steuerungen"})," oder gezielten Farbersatz."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/Ränder:"})," normalerweise eine Alpha-Interpretations-Fehlanpassung (gerade vs. vormultipliziert) oder Kantenpixel, die durch den alten Hintergrund kontaminiert sind; korrekt konvertieren/interpretieren"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Ãbersicht"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Details"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Falsche Unschärfe/Körnung:"})," Fügen Sie ein gestochen scharfes Motiv in einen weichen Hintergrund ein und es sticht heraus; passen Sie die Linsenunschärfe und die Körnung nach dem Compositing an (siehe"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff-Grundlagen"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"TL;DR-Playbook"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wenn Sie die Aufnahme kontrollieren:"})," verwenden Sie Chroma-Keying; beleuchten Sie gleichmäÃig; planen Sie"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Despill"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wenn es sich um ein einmaliges Foto handelt:"})," probieren Sie Photoshops"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrund entfernen"}),","," ","Canvaâs"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hintergrundentferner"}),", oder"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; verfeinern Sie die Kanten mit Pinseln oder Matting-Techniken für Haare."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Wenn Sie produktionsreife Kanten benötigen:"})," verwenden Sie Matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Closed-Form"})," ","oder Deep) und prüfen Sie Alpha auf Transparenz; beachten Sie die"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Interpretation des Alpha-Kanals"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Für Porträts/Videos:"})," erwägen Sie"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," oder"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; für klickgeführte Segmentierung ist"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," ein leistungsstarkes Front-End."]})]})]})},es:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["La ",(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"eliminación de fondo"})," separa un sujeto de su entorno para que puedas colocarlo sobre transparencia, cambiar la escena o componerlo en un nuevo diseño. Bajo el capó, estás estimando una"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"máscara alfa"}),", una opacidad por pÃxel de 0 a 1, y luego aplicando composición alfa al primer plano sobre otra cosa. Esta es la matemática de ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," y la causa de problemas comunes como los âflecosâ y"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa recto vs. pre-multiplicado"}),". Para obtener una guÃa práctica sobre la pre-multiplicación y el color lineal, consulta"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"las notas de Win2D de Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"})," y"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"el artÃculo de Lomont sobre la mezcla lineal"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Las principales formas en que la gente elimina los fondos"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Croma (âpantalla verde/azulâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Si puedes controlar la captura, pinta el fondo de un color sólido (a menudo verde) y ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"elimina"})," ese tono. Es rápido, de eficacia probada en cine y televisión, e ideal para vÃdeo. Las desventajas son la iluminación y el vestuario: la luz de color se derrama sobre los bordes (especialmente el pelo), por lo que usarás herramientas de ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"eliminación de derrame de color"})," para neutralizar la contaminación. Algunas buenas introducciones son ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"la documentación de Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"})," y una demostración práctica de"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Segmentación interactiva (CV clásica)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Para imágenes individuales con fondos desordenados, los algoritmos ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interactivos"})," necesitan algunas pistas del usuario, por ejemplo, un rectángulo suelto o garabatos, y generan una máscara nÃtida. El método canónico es"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"capÃtulo de libro"}),"), que aprende modelos de color para el primer plano/fondo y utiliza cortes de grafo de forma iterativa para separarlos. Verás ideas similares en la ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Selección de primer plano de GIMP"})," basada en"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin de ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matting de imagen (alfa de grano fino)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["El ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," resuelve la transparencia fraccional en los lÃmites tenues (pelo, pelaje, humo, vidrio). El"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting de forma cerrada"})," ","clásico toma un ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimapa"})," (definitivamente-primer plano/definitivamente-fondo/desconocido) y resuelve un sistema lineal para alfa con una fuerte precisión de borde. El"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting de imagen profundo"})," ","moderno entrena redes neuronales en el conjunto de datos ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"documentos de MMEditing"}),"), y se evalúa con métricas como"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradiente y Conectividad (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"explicador del benchmark"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Recortes de aprendizaje profundo (sin trimapa)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (detección de objetos salientes) es un potente motor general de âeliminación de fondoâ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repositorio"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," se dirige al matting de retratos en tiempo real (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"})," predice conjuntamente el primer plano, el fondo y el alfa para reducir los halos de color"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repositorio"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," asume una placa de fondo y produce mates a nivel de hebra en tiempo real hasta 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"página del proyecto"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repositorio"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["El trabajo de segmentación relacionado también es útil:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," refina los lÃmites con un codificador-decodificador y convoluciones atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," proporciona máscaras por instancia"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); y"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," es un"," ","modelo de base ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"controlable por prompts"})," que genera máscaras de cero disparos en imágenes no familiares."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Qué hacen las herramientas populares"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": la acción rápida ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Eliminar fondo"})," ejecuta âSeleccionar sujeto â máscara de capaâ bajo el capó"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"confirmado aquÃ"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Selección de primer plano"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Eliminador de fondo de 1 clic"})," para imágenes y vÃdeos cortos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": aplicación web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," para automatización."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Dispositivos Apple"}),": â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Levantar sujeto"}),"â a nivel de sistema en Fotos/Safari/Vista rápida"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"recortes en iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Consejos de flujo de trabajo para recortes más limpios"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Dispara de forma inteligente."})," Una buena iluminación y un fuerte contraste entre el sujeto y el fondo ayudan a todos los métodos. Con pantallas verdes/azules, planifica la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"eliminación del derrame de color"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"guÃa"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Empieza con una selección amplia y luego refina los detalles."})," Ejecuta una selección automática (Seleccionar sujeto,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), luego refina los bordes con pinceles o matting (p. ej.,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"de forma cerrada"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Ten en cuenta la semitransparencia."})," El vidrio, los velos, el desenfoque de movimiento, el pelo alborotado necesitan un alfa real (no solo una máscara dura). Los métodos que también recuperan"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," minimizan los halos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Conoce tu alfa."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Recto vs. pre-multiplicado"})," producen un comportamiento de borde diferente; exporta/compón de forma coherente (ver"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"descripción general"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Elige la salida correcta."})," Para âsin fondoâ, entrega un ráster con un alfa limpio (p. ej., PNG/WebP) o conserva los archivos en capas con máscaras si se esperan más ediciones. La clave es la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"calidad del alfa"})," que calculaste, arraigada en ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Calidad y evaluación"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["El trabajo académico informa de errores de ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradiente"})," y ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Conectividad"})," en"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Si estás eligiendo un modelo, busca esas métricas"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"definiciones de métricas"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"sección de métricas de Background Matting"}),"). Para retratos/vÃdeo, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," y"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," son potentes; para imágenes generales de âobjetos salientesâ,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," es una base sólida; para transparencias difÃciles,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," puede ser más limpio."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Casos extremos comunes (y soluciones)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Pelo y pelaje:"})," prefiere el matting (trimapa o matting de retratos como"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") e inspecciona sobre un fondo de tablero de ajedrez."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Estructuras finas (radios de bicicleta, hilo de pescar):"})," utiliza entradas de alta resolución y un segmentador consciente de los lÃmites como"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," como paso previo al matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Cosas transparentes (humo, vidrio):"})," necesitas alfa fraccional y, a menudo, estimación del color del primer plano"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Videoconferencias:"})," si puedes capturar una placa limpia,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," parece más natural que las ingenuas opciones de âfondo virtualâ."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Dónde aparece esto en el mundo real"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comercio electrónico:"})," los mercados (p. ej., Amazon) a menudo requieren un fondo de imagen principal ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"blanco puro"}),"; consulta la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GuÃa de imágenes de productos"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Herramientas de diseño:"})," el"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Eliminador de fondo"})," de Canva y"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Eliminar fondo"})," de Photoshop"," ","agilizan los recortes rápidos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comodidad en el dispositivo:"})," â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Levantar sujeto"}),"â de iOS/macOS es ideal para compartir de forma casual."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Por qué los recortes a veces parecen falsos (y soluciones)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Derrame de color:"})," la luz verde/azul envuelve al sujeto; utiliza"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"controles de eliminación de derrame de color"})," o reemplazo de color especÃfico."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/flecos:"})," generalmente una falta de coincidencia en la interpretación alfa (recto vs. pre-multiplicado) o pÃxeles de borde contaminados por el fondo antiguo; convierte/interpreta correctamente"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"descripción general"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"detalles"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Desenfoque/grano incorrectos:"})," pega un sujeto nÃtido en un fondo suave y resaltará; iguala el desenfoque de la lente y el grano después de la composición (ver"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"conceptos básicos de PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Manual TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Si controlas la captura:"})," usa croma; ilumina de manera uniforme; planifica la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"eliminación del derrame de color"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Si es una foto única:"})," prueba ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Eliminar fondo"})," de Photoshop,"," ","el ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"eliminador de fondos de Canva"})," o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; refina los bordes con pinceles o técnicas de matting para el pelo."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Si necesitas bordes de calida
1d de producción:"})," usa matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"de forma cerrada"})," ","o profundo) y comprueba el alfa en la transparencia; ten en cuenta la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interpretación del canal alfa"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Para retratos/vÃdeo:"})," considera"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Background Matting V2"}),"; para la segmentación guiada por clics,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," es un potente front-end."]})]})]})},pt:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["A ",(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remoção de fundo"})," separa um objeto de seu ambiente para que você possa colocá-lo em transparência, trocar a cena ou compô
1-lo em um novo design. Nos bastidores, você está estimando uma"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"máscara alfa"}),"âuma opacidade por pixel de 0 a 1âe então aplicando composição alfa ao primeiro plano sobre outra coisa. Esta é a matemática de ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," e a causa de problemas comuns como âfranjasâ e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alfa reto vs. pré-multiplicado"}),". Para orientação prática sobre pré-multiplicação e cor linear, consulte"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"as notas do Win2D da Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"})," e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"o artigo de Lomont sobre mistura linear"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"As principais maneiras de remover fundos"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Chroma key (âtela verde/azulâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Se você puder controlar a captura, pinte o fundo com uma cor sólida (geralmente verde) e ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"remova"})," esse tom. à rápido, testado e aprovado em filmes e transmissões, e ideal para vÃdeo. As desvantagens são a iluminação e o vestuário: a luz colorida vaza para as bordas (especialmente o cabelo), então você usará ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ferramentas de despill"})," para neutralizar a contaminação. Boas referências incluem ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"a documentação do Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"})," e uma demonstração prática do"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Segmentação interativa (CV clássico)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Para imagens únicas com fundos bagunçados, algoritmos ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interativos"})," precisam de algumas dicas do usuárioâpor exemplo, um retângulo solto ou rabiscosâe geram uma máscara nÃtida. O método canônico é"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"capÃtulo de livro"}),"), que aprende modelos de cores para primeiro plano/fundo e usa cortes de grafo iterativamente para separá-los. Você verá ideias semelhantes na ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Seleção de Primeiro Plano do GIMP"})," baseada em"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matting de imagem (alfa de granulação fina)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," resolve a transparência fracionária em limites finos (cabelo, pelo, fumaça, vidro). O"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting de forma fechada"})," ","clássico pega um ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimap"})," (definitivamente-primeiro plano/definitivamente-fundo/desconhecido) e resolve um sistema linear para alfa com forte precisão de borda. O"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matting de imagem profundo"})," ","moderno treina redes neurais no conjunto de dados ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"documentos do MMEditing"}),"), e é avaliado com métricas como"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradiente e Conectividade (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"explicador de benchmark"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Recortes de aprendizado profundo (sem trimap)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (detecção de objetos salientes) é um forte motor geral de âremover fundoâ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," visa o matting de retratos em tempo real (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"})," prevê conjuntamente primeiro plano, fundo e alfa para reduzir halos de cor"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," assume um fundo limpo e produz máscaras no nÃvel de fios de cabelo em tempo real em até 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"página do projeto"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Trabalhos de segmentação relacionados também são úteis:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," refina limites com um codificador-decodificador e convoluções atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," fornece máscaras por instância"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," é um"," ","modelo de base ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"controlável por prompt"})," que gera máscaras sem necessidade de treinamento em imagens desconhecidas."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"O que as ferramentas populares fazem"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": a ação rápida ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Remover Fundo"})," executa âSelecionar Objeto â máscara de camadaâ nos bastidores"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"confirmado aqui"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutorial"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Seleção de Primeiro Plano"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Removedor de Fundo"})," de 1 clique para imagens e vÃdeos curtos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": aplicativo da web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," para automação."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Dispositivos Apple"}),": â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Destacar Objeto do Fundo"}),"â no nÃvel do sistema em Fotos/Safari/Visualização Rápida"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"recortes no iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Dicas de fluxo de trabalho para recortes mais limpos"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Fotografe de forma inteligente."})," Boa iluminação e forte contraste entre objeto e fundo ajudam em todos os métodos. Com telas verdes/azuis, planeje o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"guia"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comece de forma ampla e refine os detalhes."})," Execute uma seleção automática (Selecionar Objeto,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), depois refine as bordas com pincéis ou matting (por exemplo,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"forma fechada"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Atenção à semitransparência."})," Vidro, véus, desfoque de movimento, cabelos esvoaçantes precisam de alfa verdadeiro (não apenas uma máscara dura). Métodos que também recuperam"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," minimizam halos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Entenda o canal alfa."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Reto vs. pré-multiplicado"})," produzem comportamento de borda diferente; exporte/componha de forma consistente (veja"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"visão geral"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Escolha o formato de saÃda correto."})," Para âsem fundoâ, entregue um raster com um alfa limpo (por exemplo, PNG/WebP) ou mantenha arquivos em camadas com máscaras se forem esperadas mais edições. A chave é a"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"qualidade do alfa"})," que você calculouâenraizada em ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Qualidade e avaliação"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Trabalhos acadêmicos relatam erros de ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradiente"})," e ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Conectividade"})," em"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Se você está escolhendo um modelo, procure por essas métricas"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"definições de métricas"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"seção de métricas do Background Matting"}),"). Para retratos/vÃdeo, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," e"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," são potentes; para imagens gerais de âobjetos salientesâ,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," é uma base sólida; para transparências difÃceis,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," pode apresentar resultados melhores."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Casos limite comuns (e soluções)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Cabelo e pelo:"})," dê preferência ao matting (trimap ou matting de retrato como"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") e inspecione sobre um fundo de tabuleiro de xadrez. "]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Estruturas finas (raios de bicicleta, linha de pesca):"})," use entradas de alta resolução e um segmentador ciente de limites como"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," como uma etapa pré-matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Objetos transparentes (fumaça, vidro):"})," você precisa de alfa fracionário e, muitas vezes, estimativa de cor do primeiro plano"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Videoconferência:"})," se você puder capturar uma placa limpa,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," parece mais natural do que as ingênuas opções de âfundo virtualâ. "]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Onde isso aparece no mundo real"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comércio eletrônico:"})," marketplaces (por exemplo, Amazon) geralmente exigem um fundo de imagem principal ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"branco puro"}),"; consulte o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Guia de imagem do produto"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Ferramentas de design:"})," o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Removedor de Fundo"})," do Canva e o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Remover Fundo"})," do Photoshop"," ","otimizam recortes rápidos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Conveniência no dispositivo:"})," o â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Destacar Objeto do Fundo"}),"â do iOS/macOS é ótimo para compartilhamento informal."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}
1),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Por que os recortes à s vezes parecem falsos (e correções)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Vazamento de cor:"})," a luz verde/azul envolve o objetoâuse"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"controles de despill"})," ou substituição de cor localizada."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/franjas:"})," geralmente uma incompatibilidade de interpretação de alfa (reto vs. pré-multiplicado) ou pixels de borda contaminados pelo fundo antigo; converta/interprete corretamente"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"visão geral"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"detalhes"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Desfoque/grão errado:"})," cole um objeto nÃtido em um fundo desfocado e ele se sobressairá; combine o desfoque da lente e o granulado após a composição (veja"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"noções básicas de PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Manual TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se você controla a captura:"})," use chroma key; ilumine uniformemente; planeje o"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"despill"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se for uma foto única:"})," experimente o ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Removedor de Fundo"})," do Photoshop,"," ","o ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"removedor"})," do Canva ou"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; refine com pincéis/matting para cabelos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Se você precisa de bordas de nÃvel de produção:"})," use matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"forma fechada"})," ","ou profundo) e verifique o alfa na transparência; atente-se à "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interpretação do alfa"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Para retratos/vÃdeo:"})," considere"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," ou"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; para segmentação guiada por cliques,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," é um front-end poderoso."]})]})]})},fr:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["La ",(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"suppression de l'arrière-plan"})," sépare un sujet de son environnement afin que vous puissiez le placer sur la transparence, échanger la scène ou la composer dans un nouveau design. Sous le capot, vous estimez un"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"masque alpha"}),"âune opacité par pixel de 0 à 1âpuis vous ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"composez alpha"})," le premier plan sur autre chose. C'est le calcul de ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," et la cause de pièges familiers comme les « franges » et"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"l'alpha droit contre l'alpha prémultiplié"}),". Pour des conseils pratiques sur la prémultiplication et la couleur linéaire, consultez"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"les notes Win2D de Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", et"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"l'article de Lomont sur le mélange linéaire"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Les principales façons de supprimer les arrière-plans"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) Incrustation chroma (« écran vert/bleu »)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Si vous pouvez contrôler la capture, peignez l'arrière-plan d'une couleur unie (souvent verte) et ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"retirez"})," cette teinte. C'est rapide, éprouvé dans le cinéma et la diffusion, et idéal pour la vidéo. Les compromis sont l'éclairage et la garde-robe : la lumière colorée se propage sur les bords (surtout les cheveux), vous utiliserez donc des outils de ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"suppression de déversement"})," pour neutraliser la contamination. De bonnes introductions incluent ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"la documentation de Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", et une démo pratique de"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Segmentation interactive (CV classique)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Pour les images uniques avec des arrière-plans désordonnés, les algorithmes ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"interactifs"})," ont besoin de quelques indices de l'utilisateur, par exemple un rectangle lâche ou des gribouillis, et convergent vers un masque net. La méthode canonique est"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"chapitre de livre"}),"), qui apprend les modèles de couleur pour le premier plan/l'arrière-plan et utilise les coupes de graphe de manière itérative pour les séparer. Vous verrez des idées similaires dans la ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Sélection de premier plan de GIMP"})," basée sur"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matage d'image (alpha à grain fin)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Le ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"matage"})," résout la transparence fractionnaire aux frontières vaporeuses (cheveux, fourrure, fumée, verre). Le"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matage classique à forme fermée"})," ","prend une ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trimap"})," (certainement-premier plan/certainement-arrière-plan/inconnu) et résout un système linéaire pour l'alpha avec une forte fidélité des bords. Le"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"matage d'image profond moderne"})," ","entraîne des réseaux de neurones sur l'ensemble de données ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"docs MMEditing"}),"), et est évalué avec des métriques comme"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradient et Connectivité (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"explication du benchmark"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Découpes par apprentissage profond (pas de trimap)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (détection d'objets saillants) est un moteur généraliste puissant pour « supprimer l'arrière-plan »"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dépôt"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," cible le matage de portraits en temps réel (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Matage F, B, Alpha (FBA)"})," prédit conjointement le premier plan, l'arrière-plan et l'alpha pour réduire les halos de couleur"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dépôt"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," suppose un plan de l'arrière-plan seul et produit des masques au niveau du cheveu en temps réel jusqu'à 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"page du projet"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dépôt"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Les travaux de segmentation connexes sont également utiles :"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," affine les frontières avec un encodeur-décodeur et des convolutions atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),") ;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," donne des masques par instance"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),") ; et"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," est un"," ","modèle de fondation ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"guidé par instructions"})," qui génère des masques sans apprentissage sur des images inconnues."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Ce que font les outils populaires"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"})," : l'action rapide ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Supprimer l'arrière-plan"})," exécute « Sélectionner le sujet â masque de calque » en coulisses"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"confirmé ici"})," ;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tutoriel"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"})," : ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Sélection de premier plan"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"})," : ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Suppresseur d'arrière-plan"})," en 1 clic pour les images et les courtes vidéos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"})," : application web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," pour l'automatisation."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Appareils Apple"})," : « ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Détacher le sujet"})," » au niveau du système dans Photos/Safari/Aperçu rapide"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"découpes sur iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Conseils de flux de travail pour des découpes plus propres"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photographiez intelligemment."})," Un bon éclairage et un fort contraste sujet-arrière-plan aident toutes les méthodes. Avec les écrans verts/bleus, prévoyez la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"suppression de déversement"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"guide"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Commencez par une sélection globale, puis affinez les détails."})," Exécutez une sélection automatique (Sélectionner le sujet,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), puis affinez les bords avec des pinceaux ou du matage (par exemple,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à forme fermée"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Attention à la semi-transparence."})," Le verre, les voiles, le flou de mouvement, les cheveux rebelles nécessitent un véritable alpha (pas seulement un masque dur). Les méthodes qui récupèrent également"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," minimisent les halos."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Comprenez le canal alpha."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Droit contre prémultiplié"})," produisent un comportement de bord différent ; exportez/composez de manière cohérente (voir"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"aperçu"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Choisissez la bonne sortie."})," Pour « pas d'arrière-plan », fournissez un raster avec un alpha propre (par exemple, PNG/WebP) ou conservez les fichiers en couches avec des masques si d'autres modifications sont attendues. La clé est la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"qualité de l'alpha"})," que vous avez calculée, ancrée dans ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Qualité et évaluation"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Les travaux universitaires rapportent des erreurs de ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradient"})," et ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connectivité"})," sur"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Si vous choisissez un modèle, recherchez ces métriques"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"définitions des métriques"})," ;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"section des métriques de Background Matting"}),"). Pour les portraits/vidéos, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," et"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," sont solides ; pour les images générales d'« objets saillants »,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," est une base solide ; pour les transparences difficiles,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," peut donner de meilleurs résultats."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Cas limites courants (et correctifs)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Cheveux et fourrure :"})," privilégiez le matage (trimap ou matage de portrait comme"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") et inspectez sur un damier."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Structures fines (rayons de vélo, fil de pêche) :"})," utilisez des entrées haute résolution et un segmenteur sensible aux limites tel que"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," comme étape préalable au matage."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Objets transparents (fumée, verre) :"})," vous avez besoin d'un alpha fractionnaire et souvent d'une estimation de la couleur du premier plan"," "," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Vidéoconférence :"})," si vous pouvez capturer une plaque propre,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," semble plus naturel que les simples bascules « arrière-plan virtuel »."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Où cela apparaît dans le monde réel"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Commerce électronique :"})," les places de marché (par exemple, Amazon) exigent souvent un arrière-plan d'image principal ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"blanc pur"})," ; voir"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Guide des images de produits"})," ","(RVB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Outils de conception :"})," le"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Suppresseur d'arrière-plan"})," de Canva et"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Supprimer l'arrière-plan"})," de Photoshop"," ","simplifient les découpes rapides."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Commodité sur l'appareil :"})," « ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Détacher le sujet"})," » d'iOS/macOS est idéal pour le partage occasionnel."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Pourquoi les découpes semblent parfois fausses (et correctifs)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Débordement de couleur :"})," la lumière verte/bleue enveloppe le sujet â utilisez des"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"contrôles de suppression de déversement"})," ou un remplacement de couleur ciblé."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Halo/franges :"})," généralement une mauvaise interprétation de l'alpha (droit contre prémultiplié) ou des pixels de bord contaminés par l'ancien arrière-plan ; convertissez/interprétez correctement"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"aperçu"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"détails"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Mauvais flou/grain :"}
1)," collez un sujet très net sur un arrière-plan flou et il ressortira ; faites correspondre le flou de l'objectif et le grain après la composition (voir"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"les bases de PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Guide TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Si vous contrôlez la capture :"})," utilisez l'incrustation chroma ; éclairez uniformément ; prévoyez la"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"suppression de déversement"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"S'il s'agit d'une photo unique :"})," essayez ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Supprimer l'arrière-plan"})," de Photoshop,"," ","le ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"suppresseur"})," de Canva ou"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"})," ; affinez avec des pinceaux/matage pour les cheveux."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Si vous avez besoin de bords de qualité professionnelle :"})," utilisez le matage ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à forme fermée"})," ","ou profond) et vérifiez l'alpha sur la transparence ; faites attention à l'"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"interprétation de l'alpha"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Pour les portraits/vidéos :"})," considérez"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," ou"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," ; pour la segmentation guidée par clic,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," est une puissante interface."]})]})]})},"zh-cn":{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"èæ¯ç§»é¤"}),"å°ä¸»ä½ä¸å
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মিল (সà§à¦à§à¦°à§à¦à¦ বনাম পà§à¦°à¦¿à¦®à¦¾à¦²à§à¦à¦¿à¦ªà§à¦²à¦¾à¦à¦¡) বা পà§à¦°à¦¾à¦¨à§ পà¦à¦à§à¦®à¦¿ দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ দà§à¦·à¦¿à¦¤ পà§à¦°à¦¾à¦¨à§à¦¤ পিà¦à§à¦¸à§à¦²; সঠিà¦à¦à¦¾à¦¬à§ রà§à¦ªà¦¾à¦¨à§à¦¤à¦°/বà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à§à¦¯à¦¾ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¦à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦à¦¿à¦"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"বিশদ"}),")।"]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"à¦à§à¦² বà§à¦²à¦¾à¦°/à¦à§à¦°à§à¦¨:"})," à¦à¦à¦à¦¿ নরম পà¦à¦à§à¦®à¦¿à¦¤à§ à¦à¦à¦à¦¿ রà§à¦à¦¾à¦°-শারà§à¦ª বিষয় পà§à¦¸à§à¦ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨ à¦à¦¬à¦ à¦à¦à¦¿ পপ à¦à¦ª হয়; à¦à¦®à§à¦ªà§à¦à¦¿à¦à¦¿à¦à¦¯à¦¼à§à¦° পরৠলà§à¦¨à§à¦¸ বà§à¦²à¦¾à¦° à¦à¦¬à¦ à¦à§à¦°à§à¦¨ মিলান (দà§à¦à§à¦¨"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"পà§à¦°à§à¦à¦¾à¦°-ডাফ বà§à¦¸à¦¿à¦à¦¸"}),")।"]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"TL;DR পà§à¦²à§à¦¬à§à¦"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"যদি à¦à¦ªà¦¨à¦¿ à¦à§à¦¯à¦¾à¦ªà¦à¦¾à¦° নিয়নà§à¦¤à§à¦°à¦£ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨:"})," à¦à§à¦°à§à¦®à¦¾ à¦à§ বà§à¦¯à¦¬à¦¹à¦¾à¦° à¦à¦°à§à¦¨; সমানà¦à¦¾à¦¬à§ à¦à¦²à§ দিন;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ডà§à¦¸à¦ªà¦¿à¦²"}),"-à¦à¦° à¦à¦¨à§à¦¯ পরিà¦à¦²à§à¦ªà¦¨à¦¾ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨à¥¤"]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"যদি à¦à¦à¦¿ à¦à¦à¦à¦¿ à¦à¦à¦à¦¾à¦²à§à¦¨ à¦à¦¬à¦¿ হয়:"})," ফà¦à§à¦¶à¦ªà§à¦°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"পà¦à¦à§à¦®à¦¿ à¦
পসারণ"}),","," ","Canva-à¦à¦°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¦
পসারণà¦à¦¾à¦°à§"}),", বা"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"})," à¦à§à¦·à§à¦à¦¾ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨; à¦à§à¦²à§à¦° à¦à¦¨à§à¦¯ বà§à¦°à¦¾à¦¶/মà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à¦¿à¦ দিয়ৠপরিমারà§à¦à¦¨ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨à¥¤"]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"যদি à¦à¦ªà¦¨à¦¾à¦° পà§à¦°à§à¦¡à¦¾à¦à¦¶à¦¨-à¦à§à¦°à§à¦¡ পà§à¦°à¦¾à¦¨à§à¦¤à§à¦° পà§à¦°à¦¯à¦¼à§à¦à¦¨ হয়:"})," মà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à¦¿à¦ ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¦à§à¦²à§à¦à¦¡-ফরà§à¦®"})," ","বা à¦à¦à§à¦°) বà§à¦¯à¦¬à¦¹à¦¾à¦° à¦à¦°à§à¦¨ à¦à¦¬à¦ সà§à¦¬à¦à§à¦à¦¤à¦¾à¦° à¦à¦ªà¦° à¦à¦²à¦«à¦¾ পরà§à¦à§à¦·à¦¾ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨;"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¦à¦²à¦«à¦¾ বà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à§à¦¯à¦¾"}),"-à¦à¦° à¦à¦¥à¦¾ মাথায় রাà¦à§à¦¨à¥¤"]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"পà§à¦°à§à¦à§à¦°à§à¦/à¦à¦¿à¦¡à¦¿à¦à¦° à¦à¦¨à§à¦¯:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," বা"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"বà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à¦à§à¦°à¦¾à¦à¦¨à§à¦¡ মà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦à¦¿à¦ V2"})," বিবà§à¦à¦¨à¦¾ à¦à¦°à§à¦¨; à¦à§à¦²à¦¿à¦-নিরà§à¦¦à§à¦¶à¦¿à¦¤ সà§à¦à¦®à§à¦¨à§à¦à§à¦¶à¦¨à§à¦° à¦à¦¨à§à¦¯,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," à¦à¦à¦à¦¿ শà¦à§à¦¤à¦¿à¦¶à¦¾à¦²à§ ফà§à¦°à¦¨à§à¦-à¦à¦¨à§à¦¡à¥¤"]})]})]})},vi:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Xóa ná»n"})," tách má»t Äá»i tượng khá»i môi trÆ°á»ng xung quanh Äá» bạn có thá» Äặt nó trên ná»n trong suá»t, hoán Äá»i cảnh hoặc ghép nó và o má»t thiết kế má»i. Vá» cÆ¡ bản, bạn Äang Æ°á»c tÃnh má»t"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"mặt nạ alpha"}),"âÄá» má» má»i pixel từ 0 Äến 1âvà sau Äó ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"ghép alpha"})," tiá»n cảnh lên má»t thứ khác. Äây là toán há»c từ ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," và là nguyên nhân của các cạm bẫy quen thuá»c nhÆ° âviá»nâ và "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"alpha thẳng và alph
1a nhân trÆ°á»c"}),". Äá» có hÆ°á»ng dẫn thá»±c tế vá» nhân trÆ°á»c và mà u tuyến tÃnh, hãy xem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"ghi chú Win2D của Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", và "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"bà i viết của Lomont vá» trá»n tuyến tÃnh"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Những cách chÃnh má»i ngÆ°á»i xóa ná»n"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) PhÃm sắc Äá» (âmà n hình xanh lá/xanh dÆ°Æ¡ngâ)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Nếu bạn có thá» kiá»m soát viá»c chụp, hãy sÆ¡n phông ná»n bằng má»t mà u Äá»ng nhất (thÆ°á»ng là mà u xanh lá cây) và ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"loại bá»"})," mà u Äó. Nó nhanh, Äã Äược thá» nghiá»m trong phim và phát sóng, và lý tÆ°á»ng cho video. Sá»± Äánh Äá»i là ánh sáng và trang phục: ánh sáng mà u trà n ra các cạnh (Äặc biá»t là tóc), vì váºy bạn sẽ sá» dụng các công cụ ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"khá» trà n"})," Äá» trung hòa ô nhiá»
m. Các tà i liá»u tham khảo tá»t bao gá»m ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tà i liá»u của Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", và má»t bản demo thá»±c hà nh"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) Phân Äoạn tÆ°Æ¡ng tác (CV cá» Äiá»n)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Äá»i vá»i các hình ảnh ÄÆ¡n lẻ có ná»n lá»n xá»n, các thuáºt toán ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"tÆ°Æ¡ng tác"})," cần má»t và i gợi ý của ngÆ°á»i dùngâvà dụ: má»t hình chữ nháºt lá»ng lẻo hoặc các nét vẽ nguá»ch ngoạcâvà há»i tụ thà nh má»t mặt nạ sắc nét. PhÆ°Æ¡ng pháp kinh Äiá»n là "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/RotherEtAlMRFBook-GrabCut.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"chÆ°Æ¡ng sách"}),"), há»c các mô hình mà u cho tiá»n cảnh/ná»n và sá» dụng các ÄÆ°á»ng cắt Äá» thá» lặp Äi lặp lại Äá» tách chúng. Bạn sẽ thấy những ý tÆ°á»ng tÆ°Æ¡ng tá»± trong ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lá»±a chá»n tiá»n cảnh của GIMP"})," dá»±a trên"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Interactive_Object_Extraction",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SIOX"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://imagej.net/plugins/siox",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"plugin ImageJ"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"3) Matting hình ảnh (alpha hạt má»n)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Matting"})," giải quyết Äá» trong suá»t phân Äoạn á» các ranh giá»i má»ng manh (tóc, lông, khói, kÃnh)."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Matting dạng Äóng cá» Äiá»n"})," ","lấy má»t ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"bản Äá» ba vùng"})," (chắc chắn-tiá»n cảnh/chắc chắn-ná»n/không xác Äá»nh) và giải má»t há» thá»ng tuyến tÃnh cho alpha vá»i Äá» trung thá»±c cạnh mạnh."," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/html/Xu_Deep_Image_Matting_CVPR_2017_paper.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Matting hình ảnh sâu hiá»n Äại"})," ","Äà o tạo các mạng nÆ¡-ron trên bá» dữ liá»u ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Adobe Composition-1K"})," (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://edit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/matting_datasets.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tà i liá»u MMEditing"}),"), và Äược Äánh giá bằng các sá» liá»u nhÆ°"," ","SAD, MSE, Gradient và Connectivity (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"giải thÃch Äiá»m chuẩn"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"4) Cắt bá» bằng há»c sâu (không có bản Äá» ba vùng)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," (phát hiá»n Äá»i tượng ná»i báºt) là má»t công cụ âxóa ná»nâ chung mạnh mẽ"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/xuebinqin/U-2-Net",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," nhắm Äến matting chân dung thá»i gian thá»±c (",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~rynson/papers/aaai22.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F, B, Alpha (FBA) Matting"}
1)," dá»± Äoán Äá»ng thá»i tiá»n cảnh, ná»n và alpha Äá» giảm quầng mà u"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/MarcoForte/FBA_Matting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Background Matting V2"})," giả Äá»nh má»t tấm ná»n và tạo ra các mặt nạ cấp Äá» sợi tóc trong thá»i gian thá»±c á» tá»c Äá» lên tá»i 4K/30fps"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/background-matting-v2/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"trang dá»± án"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/PeterL1n/BackgroundMattingV2",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"repo"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Công viá»c phân Äoạn liên quan cÅ©ng hữu Ãch:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," tinh chá»nh các ranh giá»i bằng má»t bá» mã hóa-giải mã và các tÃch cháºp atrous"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Liang-Chieh_Chen_Encoder-Decoder_with_Atrous_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),");"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mask R-CNN"})," cung cấp các mặt nạ cho má»i phiên bản"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/He_Mask_R-CNN_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PDF"}),"); và "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM (Segment Anything)"})," là má»t"," ","mô hình ná»n tảng ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"có thá» nhắc"})," tạo ra các mặt nạ không cần há»c trên các hình ảnh không quen thuá»c."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Các công cụ phá» biến là m gì"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Photoshop"}),": Hà nh Äá»ng nhanh ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Xóa ná»n"})," chạy âChá»n Äá»i tượng â mặt nạ lá»pâ á» chế Äá» ná»n"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/lost-quot-remove-background-bar-quot/td-p/14090188",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Äược xác nháºn tại Äây"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/select-sub
1ject-vs-remove-background-in-photoshop/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"hÆ°á»ng dẫn"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"GIMP"}),": ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://docs.gimp.org/2.8/en/gimp-tool-foreground-select.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Lá»±a chá»n tiá»n cảnh"})," (SIOX)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Canva"}),": 1 cú nhấp chuá»t"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Trình xóa ná»n"})," cho hình ảnh và video ngắn."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"remove.bg"}),": ứng dụng web + ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/api",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"API"})," Äá» tá»± Äá»ng hóa."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Thiết bá» Apple"}),": â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Nâng Äá»i tượng"}),"â cấp há» thá»ng trong Ảnh/Safari/Xem nhanh"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102460",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"cắt bá» trên iOS"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Mẹo quy trình là m viá»c Äá» cắt bá» sạch hÆ¡n"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Chụp ảnh thông minh."})," Ãnh sáng tá»t và Äá» tÆ°Æ¡ng phản Äá»i tượng-ná»n mạnh giúp Ãch cho má»i phÆ°Æ¡ng pháp. Vá»i mà n hình xanh lá/xanh dÆ°Æ¡ng, hãy lên kế hoạch"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"khá» trà n"})," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"hÆ°á»ng dẫn"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Bắt Äầu rá»ng, tinh chá»nh hẹp."})," Chạy lá»±a chá»n tá»± Äá»ng (Chá»n Äá»i tượng,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"}),"), sau Äó tinh chá»nh các cạnh bằng bút vẽ hoặc matting (và dụ:"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dạng Äóng"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"LÆ°u ý Äến Äá» bán trong suá»t."})," KÃnh, mạng che mặt, nhòe chuyá»n Äá»ng, tóc bay cần alpha thá»±c sá»± (không chá» là mặt nạ cứng). Các phÆ°Æ¡ng pháp cÅ©ng phục há»i"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"F/B
1/α"})," giảm thiá»u quầng sáng."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Biết alpha của bạn."})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Thẳng và nhân trÆ°á»c"})," tạo ra hà nh vi cạnh khác nhau; xuất/ghép nhất quán (xem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tá»ng quan"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://shawnhargreaves.com/blog/premultiplied-alpha.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Hargreaves"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Chá»n Äầu ra phù hợp."})," Äá»i vá»i âkhông có ná»nâ, hãy cung cấp má»t raster có alpha sạch (và dụ: PNG/WebP) hoặc giữ các tá»p Äược phân lá»p có mặt nạ nếu dá»± kiến có các chá»nh sá»a tiếp theo. Chìa khóa là "," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"chất lượng của alpha"})," bạn Äã tÃnh toánâbắt nguá»n từ ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"}),"."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Chất lượng và Äánh giá"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["Công trình há»c thuáºt báo cáo các lá»i ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"SAD"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"MSE"}),", ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Gradient"}),", và ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"Connectivity"})," trên"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sites.google.com/view/deepimagematting",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Composition-1K"}),". Nếu bạn Äang chá»n má»t mô hình, hãy tìm những sá» liá»u Äó"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://github.com/withoutbg/alpha-matting-evaluation-benchmark",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Äá»nh nghÄ©a sá» liá»u"}),";"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04433",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"phần sá» liá»u của Background Matting"}),"). Äá»i vá»i chân dung/video, ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," và "," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," rất mạnh; Äá»i vá»i các hình ảnh âÄá»i tượng ná»i báºtâ chung,"," ",(0,a.jsxs)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09007",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:["U",(0,a.jsx)("sup",{children:"2"}),"-Net"]})," là má»t ÄÆ°á»ng cÆ¡ sá» vững chắc; Äá»i vá»i Äá» trong suá»t khó,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"})," có thá» sạch hÆ¡n."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Các trÆ°á»ng hợp cạnh phá» biến (và các bản sá»a lá»i)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Tóc và lông:"})," Æ°u tiên matting (bản Äá» ba vùng hoặc matting chân dung nhÆ°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"}),") và kiá»m tra trên bà n cá»."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Cấu trúc tinh xảo (nan hoa xe Äạp, dây câu):"})," sá» dụng Äầu và o có Äá» phân giải cao và má»t bá» phân Äoạn nháºn biết ranh giá»i nhÆ°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02611",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"DeepLabv3+"})," là m bÆ°á»c tiá»n xá» lý trÆ°á»c khi matting."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Những thứ trong suá»t (khói, kÃnh):"})," bạn cần alpha phân Äoạn và thÆ°á»ng là ưá»c tÃnh mà u tiá»n cảnh"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.07711",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"FBA"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Há»i nghá» truyá»n hình:"})," nếu bạn có thá» chụp má»t tấm ná»n sạch,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"})," trông tá»± nhiên hÆ¡n so vá»i các nút chuyá»n Äá»i âná»n ảoâ ngây thÆ¡."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"NÆ¡i Äiá»u nà y xuất hiá»n trong thế giá»i thá»±c"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"ThÆ°Æ¡ng mại Äiá»n tá»:"})," các thá» trÆ°á»ng (và dụ: Amazon) thÆ°á»ng yêu cầu ná»n hình ảnh chÃnh ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"trắng tinh"}),"; xem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/G1881?locale=en-CA",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"HÆ°á»ng dẫn hình ảnh sản phẩm"})," ","(RGB 255,255,255)."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Công cụ thiết kế:"})," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Trình xóa ná»n"})," của Canva và ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Xóa ná»n"})," của Photoshop"," ","hợp lý hóa viá»c cắt bá» nhanh chóng."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Sá»± tiá»n lợi trên thiết bá»:"})," â",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/lift-a-subject-from-the-photo-background-iphfe4809658/ios",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Nâng Äá»i tượng"}),"â của iOS/macOS rất phù hợp Äá» chia sẻ thông thÆ°á»ng."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Tại sao Äôi khi các vết cắt trông giả (và các bản sá»a lá»i)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ul",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Trà n mà u:"})," ánh sáng xanh lá/xanh dÆ°Æ¡ng bao quanh Äá»i tượngâsá» dụng"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Äiá»u khiá»n khá» trà n"})," hoặc thay thế mà u Äược nhắm mục tiêu."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Quầng sáng/viá»n:"})," thÆ°á»ng là do không khá»p diá»
n giải alpha (thẳng và nhân trÆ°á»c) hoặc các pixel cạnh bỠô nhiá»
m bá»i ná»n cÅ©; chuyá»n Äá»i/diá»
n giải chÃnh xác"," ","(",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.cgdirector.com/premultiplied-alpha-vs-straight-alpha/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"tá»ng quan"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"chi tiết"}),")."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Là m má»/nhiá»
u hạt sai:"})," dán má»t Äá»i tượng sắc nét nhÆ° dao cạo và o má»t ná»n má»m và nó sẽ ná»i báºt; khá»p Äá» má» của á»ng kÃnh và nhiá»
u hạt sau khi ghép (xem"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://graphics.pixar.com/library/Compositing/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"khái niá»m cÆ¡ bản vá» PorterâDuff"}),")."]})]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"Sách hÆ°á»ng dẫn TL;DR"}),(0,a.jsxs)("ol",{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Nếu bạn kiá»m soát viá»c chụp:"})," sá» dụng phÃm sắc Äá»; chiếu sáng Äá»u; lên kế hoạch"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"khá» trà n"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Nếu Äó là má»t bức ảnh dùng má»t lần:"})," hãy thá» ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/desktop/repair-retouch/remove-objects-fill-space/remove-background-in-your-images.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Xóa ná»n"})," của Photoshop,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.canva.com/en_au/help/background-remover/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"trình xóa"})," của Canva, hoặc"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.remove.bg/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"remove.bg"}),"; tinh chá»nh bằng bút vẽ/matting cho tóc."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Nếu bạn cần các cạnh cấp sản xuất:"})," sá» dụng matting ("," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://people.csail.mit.edu/alevin/papers/Matting-Levin-Lischinski-Weiss-CVPR06.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"dạng Äóng"})," ","hoặc sâu) và kiá»m tra alpha trên ná»n trong suá»t; lÆ°u ý Äến"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"diá»
n giải alpha"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsxs)("li",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"Äá»i vá»i chân dung/video:"})," hãy xem xét"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11961",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"MODNet"})," hoặc"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07810",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Backgroun
1d Matting V2"}),"; Äá»i vá»i phân Äoạn có hÆ°á»ng dẫn bằng cách nhấp chuá»t,"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.02643v1",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"SAM"})," là má»t giao diá»n ngÆ°á»i dùng mạnh mẽ."]})]})]})},th:{explainer:(0,a.jsxs)(a.Fragment,{children:[(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:[(0,a.jsx)("strong",{children:"à¸à¸²à¸£à¸¥à¸à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸"})," à¹à¸¢à¸à¸§à¸±à¸à¸à¸¸à¸à¸à¸à¸à¸²à¸à¸ªà¸ าà¸à¹à¸§à¸à¸¥à¹à¸à¸¡à¹à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¹à¸«à¹à¸à¸¸à¸à¸ªà¸²à¸¡à¸²à¸£à¸à¸§à¸²à¸à¹à¸§à¹à¸à¸ à¸à¸§à¸²à¸¡à¹à¸à¸£à¹à¸à¹à¸ª, สลัà¸à¸à¸²à¸, หรืà¸à¸à¸£à¸°à¸à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸«à¸¡à¹. ภายà¹à¸à¹à¸à¸£à¸°à¹à¸à¸£à¸à¸à¸¸à¸à¸à¸³à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸à¸£à¸°à¹à¸¡à¸´à¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"à¸à¸±à¸¥à¸à¹à¸²à¹à¸¡à¸"}),"âà¸à¸§à¸²à¸¡à¸à¸¶à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¹à¸à¸¥à¸à¸²à¸ 0 à¸à¸¶à¸ 1âà¹à¸¥à¹à¸§ ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸£à¸°à¸à¸à¸à¸à¸±à¸¥à¸à¹à¸²"})," à¹à¸à¸£à¹à¸à¸£à¸²à¸§à¸à¹à¸à¸±à¸ สิà¹à¸à¸à¸·à¹à¸. à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸·à¸à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸¨à¸²à¸ªà¸à¸£à¹à¸à¸²à¸ ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"PorterâDuff"})," à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸ªà¸²à¹à¸«à¸à¸¸à¸à¸à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸à¸¥à¸²à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸¢à¹à¸à¹à¸ âà¸à¸à¸â à¹à¸¥à¸°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Straight_versus_premultiplied",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¸à¸±à¸¥à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸£à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸±à¸¥à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸¹à¸à¹à¸§à¹à¸¥à¹à¸§à¸à¸«à¸à¹à¸²"}),". สำหรัà¸à¸à¸³à¹à¸à¸°à¸à¸³à¹à¸à¸´à¸à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸±à¸à¸´à¹à¸à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸§à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸¹à¸à¸¥à¹à¸§à¸à¸«à¸à¹à¸²à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸ªà¸µà¹à¸à¸´à¸à¹à¸ªà¹à¸, à¸à¸¹"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/develop/win2d/premultiplied-alpha",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸¶à¸ Win2D à¸à¸à¸ Microsoft"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://ssp.impulsetrain.com/gamma-premult.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Søren Sandmann"}),", à¹à¸¥à¸°"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://lomont.org/posts/2023/correctalphagammaforimages/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¸à¸à¸à¸§à¸²à¸¡à¸à¸à¸ Lomont à¹à¸à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸§à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸ªà¸¡à¹à¸à¸´à¸à¹à¸ªà¹à¸"}),"."]}),(0,a.jsx)("hr",{}),(0,a.jsx)("h2",{children:"วิà¸à¸µà¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸¥à¸à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸"}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"1) à¸à¸µà¸¢à¹à¹à¸à¸£à¸¡à¸² (âหà¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸µà¸¢à¸§/à¸à¹à¸³à¹à¸à¸´à¸â)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["หาà¸à¸à¸¸à¸à¸ªà¸²à¸¡à¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¸§à¸à¸à¸¸à¸¡à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸±à¸à¸ าà¸à¹à¸à¹, à¸à¸²à¸ªà¸µà¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸ªà¸µà¸à¸¶à¸ (สà¹à¸§à¸à¹à¸«à¸à¹à¸¡à¸±à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸ªà¸µà¹à¸à¸µà¸¢à¸§) à¹à¸¥à¸° ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"à¸à¸µà¸¢à¹"})," สีà¸à¸±à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸à¹à¸. มัà¸à¸£à¸§à¸à¹à¸£à¹à¸§, à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¸ªà¸à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¹à¸à¸ªà¸¹à¹à¹à¸à¸ าà¸à¸¢à¸à¸à¸£à¹à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¸à¸à¸²à¸à¸²à¸¨, à¹à¸¥à¸°à¹à¸«à¸¡à¸²à¸°à¸ªà¸³à¸«à¸£à¸±à¸à¸§à¸´à¸à¸µà¹à¸. à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸¥à¸à¹à¸à¸¥à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸à¸à¸·à¸à¹à¸ªà¸à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸à¸¹à¹à¹à¸ªà¸·à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸²: à¹à¸ªà¸à¸ªà¸µà¸à¸°à¸£à¸±à¹à¸§à¹à¸«à¸¥à¹à¸à¸¢à¸±à¸à¸à¸à¸ (à¹à¸à¸¢à¹à¸à¸à¸²à¸°à¹à¸ªà¹à¸à¸à¸¡), à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸±à¹à¸à¸à¸¸à¸à¸à¸°à¹à¸à¹à¹à¸à¸£à¸·à¹à¸à¸à¸¡à¸·à¸ ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"despill"})," à¹à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸à¸³à¹à¸«à¹à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸¥à¸²à¸. à¹à¸à¸£à¹à¸¡à¸à¸£à¹à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸µ à¹à¸à¹à¹à¸à¹ ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://learn.foundry.com/nuke/content/comp_environment/keying_with_chromakeyer/despill_controls.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"à¹à¸à¸à¸ªà¸²à¸£à¸à¸à¸ Nuke"}),","," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://mixinglight.com/color-grading-tutorials/advanced-chroma-keying-despill-operations-davinci-resolve-fusion/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Mixing Light"}),", à¹à¸¥à¸°à¸à¸²à¸£à¸ªà¸²à¸à¸´à¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On2sze3S2Vg",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"Fusion"})," à¹à¸à¸à¸¥à¸à¸¡à¸·à¸à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸±à¸à¸´."]}),(0,a.jsx)("h3",{children:"2) à¸à¸²à¸£à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸ªà¹à¸§à¸à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸ (CV à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸¥à¸²à¸ªà¸ªà¸´à¸)"}),(0,a.jsxs)("p",{children:["สำหรัà¸à¸ าà¸à¹à¸à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸§à¸à¸µà¹à¸¡à¸µà¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸«à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸£à¸, à¸à¸±à¸¥à¸à¸à¸£à¸´à¸à¸¶à¸¡ ",(0,a.jsx)("em",{children:"à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸"})," à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸³à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸²à¸à¸à¸¹à¹à¹à¸à¹à¹à¸¥à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸¢âà¹à¸à¹à¸, สีà¹à¹à¸«à¸¥à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸¡à¸à¸·à¸à¸à¹à¸²à¸«à¸¥à¸§à¸¡à¹ หรืà¸à¸¥à¸²à¸¢à¹à¸ªà¹à¸à¸à¸¢à¸¸à¸à¸à¸¢à¸´à¸âà¹à¸¥à¸°à¸¡à¸²à¸à¸£à¸£à¸à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸«à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸²à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸¡à¸à¸±à¸. วิà¸à¸µà¸à¸²à¸£à¸à¸µà¹à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸¢à¸à¸¡à¸£à¸±à¸à¸à¸·à¸"," ",(0,a.jsx)("a",{href:"https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs534-fall11/papers/grabcut-rother.pdf",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",children:"GrabCut"}
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