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src="/wp-content/themes/polerlegal/img/trachtmanpoler.svg?v=1.2" /></a></div> 175 </div> 176 </div> 177 178 <div id="stage"> 179 <div id="page"> 180 <svg id="sine-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 181 <path id="sine-path" /> 182 </svg> 183 184 185 <div class="block"> 186 <div class="contain"> 187 <div class="posts"> 188 189 190 <h1>AI</h1> 191 192 193 <div id="page-will-hollywood-studios-lose-even-if-they-win-against-hailou-ai" class="post"> 194 195 <p class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-07-07T12:05:31-04:00">July 7, 2026</p> 196 <h2><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/will-hollywood-studios-lose-even-if-they-win-against-hailou-ai/">Will Hollywood Studios Lose Even if They Win Against Hailou AI?</a></h2> 197 <p><em>
197By Emily Poler</em></p> 198<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A couple of months ago, </span><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/action-hollywood-joins-the-battle-over-ai/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">I wrote </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">about a case brought by big movie studios, including Disney, against Nanoble Pte. Ltd. over its Hailou AI app, which allows users to generate short videos in response to prompts. The media empiresâ problem with Hailou AI, which Nanoble markets as âa Hollywood studio in your pocket,â is that it can be used to generate videos featuring Star Wars, Marvel, and other well-known, copyrighted characters â videos like the ones Plaintiffs themselves created with Hailou AI to submit as evidence with their filing. And thatâs where things suddenly get interesting. </span></p> 199<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recently, Nanoble answered the studiosâ complaint with an unexpected salvo: a counterclaim alleging the studios breached Nanobleâs terms of service by creating those sample videos and, thus, to the extent Nanoble is found liable for copyright infringement, the studios themselves will have to pay Nanobleâs damages and its attorneys’ fees. In other words, in this seemingly bizarre scenario, if the studios win, they themselves could be liable for any monetary judgments against Nanoble. Talk about hoisted by their own petard! (I think I finally understand what that expression means, even if I still donât know what a petard is).</span></p> 200<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How does this make sense? Well, as is generally stated by the terms of service for the apps and websites we all routinely and thoughtlessly sign, by using that service, a user accepts its terms. Here, Hailou AIâs terms of service say users will not use the app in a way that violates applicable law or may expose Nanoble to liability. Notably, Hailou AIâs terms of service provide that if a user violates its terms, that user has to âdefend, indemnify, and hold harmless Nanoble against claims, losses, costs, expenses, and fees, including reasonable attorneysâ fees, arising out of or relating to the userâs violation . . . .â In plain English, Nanoble is saying that, because the studios used Hailou AI to create outputs that infringe on their own copyrights, the studios violated Nanobleâs terms of service and are responsible for any monetary judgments against Nanoble. </span></p> 201<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The studios have responded with a bunch of arguments that amount to saying, in a variety of different ways, that Hailou AIâs terms of service are unenforceable because it would be dumb to allow someone to escape any responsibility for their own actions in this way. Theyâve raised a whole host of defenses, including that the counterclaims fail because they violate the California Civil Code which states that âcontracts which have for their object, directly or indirectly, to exempt any one from responsibility for ⦠violation of law, whether willful or negligent, are against the policy of the law.â They also assert the counterclaims fail because âNanobleâs interpretation of its Terms of Use is contrary to the public policies behind Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 11 for pre-lawsuit investigations and the Copyright Actâs policy against copyright infringement and internet service providers interfering with standard technical measures to police infringement online.â</span></p> 202<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interestingly, the studios are not claiming that the outputs they created in their Hailou AI videos are not, in fact, infringing, since they own the copyrights to the characters they generated; there are prior decisions holding that a copyright owner canât infringe on its own copyrights. Going this route could get the studios out of any claim that they breached Nanobleâs terms of service by creating infringing works. However, it would also mean that they couldnât use the works they generated as a basis for a claim of copyright infringement, which is at the heart of their case. There is also precedent recognizing that the use of copyrighted work in litigation is fair use, but again, doing so could lead a court to hold that since there is no infringement, the studios have no case. See how tricky this is?</span></p> 203<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One obvious question I have: Couldn’t the studios have found user-generated infringing videos produced using Hailou AI to enter as evidence? Donât people make Darth Vader videos and post them on YouTube or TikTok? (According to my 14-year-old, yes, duh.) </span></p> 204<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">So where is all this going? Well, Nanobleâs argument is certainly creative. However, I think it’s going to be hard for a court to swallow the idea that a party can basically remove itself from any possibility of liability by a contract. With that said, Nanobleâs arguments significantly increase the studioâs potential exposure, since even if they win, they face the prospect of having to pay Nanobleâs damages and its legal fees. The risk of this may well give the studios incentives to settle and walk away from the whole mess, which seems unfair but may well be better than what would amount to a very 21st-century Pyrrhic victory.</span></p> 205 </div> 206 207 208 209 <div id="page-action-hollywood-joins-the-battle-over-ai" class="post"> 210 211 <p class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-04-29T09:14:02-04:00">April 29, 2026</p> 212 <h2><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/action-hollywood-joins-the-battle-over-ai/">Action! Hollywood Joins the Battle Over AI</a></h2> 213 <p><em>
213By Emily Poler</em></p> 214<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">About a month ago, the Supreme Court in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">reversed a $1 billion verdict against Cox, an Internet service provider. That verdict stemmed from Coxâs failure to prevent subscribers from infringing Sonyâs copyrighted works by sharing pirated copies over Coxâs network. The Supreme Court held that a service provider can only be liable for what is called “contributory infringementâ by a third-party (in this case, a user) if the service either induced the infringement or sold a service specifically tailored for infringement. In its decision, the Court held Cox was not liable for contributory infringement because it failed to do anything to affirmatively prevent it. Put another way, Coxâs inaction was not enough to incur liability. </span></p> 215<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One AI company quickly jumped on this decision to argue that it shouldnât be liable for what users do with its own platform. In </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Disney Enterprises, Inc. et al v. MiniMax et al</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, Disney and other large studios are suing China-based MiniMax and its Singaporean owner Nanonoble Pte. Ltd., which offers an app called Hailuo AI. This app allows users to create short videos in response to prompts and is marketed with the tagline, âA Hollywood studio in your pocket.â In theory, this is cool, except that what Hailuo also does is let users make little videos starring </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Star Wars</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and Marvel characters, among other well-known properties.</span></p> 216<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since Hailuo is AI, naturally the Plaintiffs claim it was created using unauthorized copies of the studiosâ works. And, of course, Plaintiffs say any user output that publicly reproduces Darth Vader, Spiderman et al. are unauthorized copies or derivative works of the studiosâ copyrighted properties. </span></p> 217<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">MiniMax makes a bunch of arguments as to why the complaint should be dismissed, some of which have enough teeth to maybe lead to dismissal or partial dismissal. For example, MiniMax argues that much of its conduct took place outside of the United States and, therefore, cannot serve as the basis for a claim under U.S. copyright law. In fact, the Plaintiffs spent months after their initial filing unsuccessfully attempting to serve the Defendants in Singapore and China, and the federal judge in the case had threatened to toss the lawsuit in December as a result of these issues.</span></p> 218<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other of the Defendantsâ arguments are more, shall we say, creative. MiniMax asserts that while the studios complain that Hailuoâs outputs depict characters from their movies and TV shows, the studios canât point to specific copyright registrations covering those characters. That argument is a bit much because it seems impossible to obtain an image of, say, the Mandalorian or Iron Man, without reproducing a portion of the copyrighted work they appear in. It seems equally hard to claim that a user can make a Shrek short without intruding on the copyright ownersâ rights to make derivative works based on their copyrighted materials.</span></p> 219<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the wake of the Supreme Courtâs </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cox</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> decision, MiniMax also argues it shouldnât be held liable merely because it didnât prevent Hailuo from outputting infringing content, despite having that ability. (The company did put guardrails in place to prevent Hailuo from creating pornographic or violent content.) According to MiniMax, the failure to include these guardrails is, at most, inaction and not an affirmative act, and within the framework of </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cox</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> thereâs no contributory liability for mere inaction. However, the line between inaction and action is pretty blurry here. Creating and marketing a platform that is appealing because it lets users make fan films of their favorite characters seems pretty active to me. </span></p> 220<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On top of that, MiniMax is claiming it’s not responsible for user infringement because it didnât actively encourage that infringement. Really? Hailuoâs tagline of âA Hollywood studio in your pocketâ sounds pretty encouraging to me. MiniMax says the slogan de
220scribes âthe quality and creative capabilityâ of Hailuo,â but I think it could be interpreted as urging users to create works based on those of Hollywood studios. My view is buttressed by the claim, according to the complaint, that MiniMax allegedly used Spiderman in Hailuoâs marketing materials. This type of question â a fact question â is going to make it hard for the judge to dismiss the complaint. </span></p> 221<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">And that means that despite miniMaxâs assertions, there should be plenty of action ahead in this case. </span></p> 222 </div> 223 224 225 226 <div id="page-human-author-sues-unauthorized-ai-clone" class="post"> 227 228 <p class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-03-19T11:25:09-04:00">March 19, 2026</p> 229 <h2><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/human-author-sues-unauthorized-ai-clone/">Human Author Sues Unauthorized AI Clone</a></h2> 230 <p><em>By Emily Poler</em></p> 231<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The last few weeks have been crazy over here (and, obviously, everywhere), so this post will be relatively brief, but interesting nonetheless. Itâs about a proposed class action lawsuit initiated by </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">writer Julia Angwin against Superhuman Platform, the parent company of writing-assistant software Grammarly. While I havenât had a lot of time to delve into the complaint, the basics are that beginning last August, Grammarly launched its âExpert Reviewâ tool that offered users the ability to revise text according to recommendations from well-known authors like Ms. Angwin, Stephen King, and Neil deGrasse Tyson. Did Grammarly ask permission of these scribes to use their names and writing styles? Of course not!</span></p> 232<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As you might imagine, Grammarlyâs tool is entirely AI-based, having digested the publicly available work of the writers so as to then spit out editing suggestions from what it determines are ârelevant experts,â based on the subject matter of uploaded user text. For example, you submit an essay on technology (one of Ms. Angwinâs core subjects) and Expert Review offers improvements it says are “inspired by Julia Angwin.â Pretty amazing stuff, especially considering Grammarly didnât involve Ms. Angwin in the process. </span></p> 233<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even worse than the theft of her style and the use of her name, according to Ms. Angwin, is that the AI advice might (ha! âmightâ) be crappy. â[A] Grammarly user could become displeased with Ms. Angwin if theyâ¦received a negative result after taking that advice (such as a bad grade in school or a negative performance evaluation at work), even though Ms. Angwin had absolutely nothing to do with the advice that she purportedly gave,â the complaint says. Having tested Expert Review herself, Ms. Angwin was appalled by the edits peddled under her name. âIts editing suggestions were so bad that they could destroy my reputation,â wrote Ms. Angwin in a </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Times</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> opinion piece. </span></p> 234<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Luckily for Ms. Angwin, even though current laws are, shall we say, in flux regarding the use of AI to digest, learn from, and replicate copyrighted material, her suit rests on far more solid and clearly defined right of publicity laws. These laws, which are on the books in more than two dozen states, bar the commercial use of anotherâs name or likeness. The authors here have a pretty strong case as Grammarly was using their names without permission. Moreover, it certainly is not crazy for the authors to argue that the use of their names implied that they endorsed Grammarly, which is exactly what the right of publicity is supposed to protect.  </span></p> 235<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How will Grammarly respond? Well, it has already taken down the Expert Review tool âfor a redesign,â claiming it had âvery little usage.â As for defending itself against the suit, a Superhuman statement says the company âbelieves the legal claims are without merit.â If you ask me thatâs rather optimistic, since it would be quite a stretch to deny that their use of these authorsâ names implied endorsement. Grammarly could also try to argue that the authors havenât been harmed by its use of their names, which might have some legs because reputational damages can be hard to establish. However, such arguments arenât going to get rid of this case any time soon, nor will the mothballing of the review application which, as Ms. Angwin wrote, âdoesnât make up for the eight months that service was in operation, making money from all of our names without ever seeking our consent.â</span></p> 236 </div> 237 238 239 240 <div id="page-ai-and-the-law-often-bad-occasionally-good" class="post"> 241 242 <p class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-01-20T13:58:18-05:00">January 20, 2026</p> 243 <h2><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/ai-and-the-law-often-bad-occasionally-good/">AI and the Law: Often Bad. Occasionally Good!</a></h2> 244 <p><em>
244By Emily Poler</em></p> 245<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iâve talked a lot here about the legal implications of AI, whether in copyright infringement lawsuits over its development or problems with how itâs been (mis)used by lawyers. The embarrassment and consequences when an attorney files an AI-drafted brief riddled with hallucinatory errors and false citations? Been there. Copyright infringement cases pending against OpenAI, Meta and other AI companies? Oh yes, weâve done that. And none of this is ending anytime soon because, no matter how things shake out in the courtroom, one thing is certain: Artificial Intelligence is not going away. If anything, itâs going to become way more pervasive in our business, personal and, yes, legal lives. So with that in mind, let me talk about when, and in what contexts I see AI as a useful tool that can aid legal work â and where I think it’s a bad idea. </span></p> 246<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Starting with the positives, AI can be great for writing, which doesnât always come naturally to this human. It can provide a starting point I can then manually edit, which really speeds up getting started on writing tasks that, for whatever reason, Iâd just rather avoid. AI is also very useful for repetitive tasks like formatting cumbersome documents like document requests and interrogatories, as well as responses to document requests and interrogatories. (If youâre not a litigator and donât know what these are, donât worry. Itâs not that exciting.) When it comes to specific AI platforms, in my experience Claude is far better at these routine tasks than Co-Pilot, which could not format things consistently. Hardly surprising, since Co-Pilot is a Microsoft product and despite it now being the second quarter of the 21st century Microsoft still canât seem to get its most basic product (Word) right, as it still inexplicably changes the formatting of documents without rhyme or reason. But I digress.</span></p> 247<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How else is AI useful for lawyers? Iâve seen that clients sometimes find AI-generated materials helpful or comforting when they are struggling to comprehend a legal concept. Instead of trying to get me on the phone, they can easily ask ChatGPT relevant questions and get quick answers. Litigation can be quite anxiety-ridden for a client, and if gaining a better understanding of whatâs happening puts their minds at ease, fantastic. Of course, we have to keep the big caveat in mind: As everyone should know by now, AI-generated information is NOT always accurate.</span></p> 248<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Speaking of which, AI use is obviously a real problem when, for example, a lawyerâs time (and billing) is devoted to reviewing bogus legal citations that AI has magically created or when AI produces a case or a statute that says something that seems pertinent, but is provided without the full context and upon further review turns out to be irrelevant. Also, at least in my experience, none of the AI platforms are particularly good at telling when someone is lying or heavily shading the truth. If an adversary is blatantly presenting untrue âfacts,â AI platforms â which work by analyzing what words go together â canât necessarily tell the difference between truth and fiction. It also canât account for human behavior which, you might have noticed, is sometimes weird and unpredictable. </span></p> 249<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Time and time again, we see explicit and often embarrassing examples of why AI should not and cannot be trusted by lawyers for research. Iâve written about several cases where lawyers were humiliated and punished by judges for presenting briefs filled with AI-generated nonsense, sometimes digging themselves deeper holes with ridiculous excuses and justifications (</span><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/artificial-unintelligence-strikes-again/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hereâs</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> an excellent example). And yet, despite this, the use of AI to conduct legal analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent for those who work both inside and outside the legal field. It saves time, it saves money, it makes things easy, and as we know all too well, humans are always eager to overlook errors for the sake of convenience. But I will not get sucked into its wanton and irresponsible use. I might use it for routine and mechanical tasks, but whenever a situation requires critical thinking or multiple logical steps, I rely on hard work and human analysis and forgo the assisting âskillsâ of generative AI. </span></p> 250<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One final note: Trachtman & Poler Law is a small firm. I am aware that BigLaw firms have developed their own AI platforms, and the data in these private AI platforms is, well, private. We donât have that. There may be a time and a place where this is something we explore, but weâre not there yet.</span></p> 251 </div> 252 253 254 255 <div id="page-traditional-elements-of-authorship-a-tad-too-creative" class="post"> 256 257 <p class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-10-14T10:05:39-04:00">October 14, 2025</p> 258 <h2><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/traditional-elements-of-authorship-a-tad-too-creative/">âTraditional Elements of Authorship:â A Tad Too Creative?</a></h2> 259 <p><em>
259By Emily Poler</em></p> 260<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I previously </span><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/how-much-human-required-the-copyright-edition/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">wrote</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> about the US Copyright Officeâs policy on works created with AI and the decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thaler v. Perlmutter</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which denied copyright registration for a work listing an AI platform as its sole author. In that post, I predicted weâll soon see litigation over which elements of work created with AI can be copyrighted. </span></p> 261<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While Iâm pretty sure those suits will start to pop up, right now I want to talk about another case where the Copyright Office decided that a work created with AI was ineligible for copyright protection. This case, </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Allen v. Perlmutter</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, also raises some of the issues I noted in another recent </span><a href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/ai-one-human-has-some-questions/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> where I suggested it might be time to reconsider some of the policies underlying US copyright law in light of how much has changed since the US Constitution and the first copyright law were created in the 18th Century. </span></p> 262<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The story: Jason Allen created an image titled </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%27op%C3%A9ra_Spatial#/media/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_D%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ra_Spatial.jpg"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Théâtre D’opéra Spatial</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> using Midjourney AI and entered it in the 2022 Colorado State Fair’s annual fine art competition, where it won a prize. The US Copyright Office, however, was less impressed and denied his application for copyright protection, finding that it was created by Midjourney. Allen then filed suit challenging that decision. (Before diving in, two notes. One, H/T to </span><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/paullicalsi"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Paul LiCalsi</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for pointing this case out to me. Two, in case youâre wondering, Shira Perlmutter, the defendant in both </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thaler </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Allen</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> was, until recently, the Director of the US Copyright Office). </span></p> 263<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some background. To be eligible for a copyright, a work must be âoriginalâ and have an âauthor.â Of course, the law has long recognized that humans create copyrightable materials using machines all the time. In 1863âs </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the Supreme Court found Napoleon Saronyâs </span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oscar_Wilde_by_Napoleon_Sarony_%281821-1896%29_Number_18_b.jpeg"><span style="font-weight: 400;">photograph of Oscar Wilde</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> was eligible for copyright protection, rejecting Plaintiffâs argument that photography is a mechanical process devoid of human authorship. The Court ruled that Saronyâs numerous creative choices in composing the photo meant he was the author of the work and, therefore, should be treated as such under the Copyright Act. Since then, courts, including the Supreme Court, have repeatedly held that only a minimal degree of creativity is required for something to be copyrighted. </span></p> 264<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In this present case, Allen created his artwork by inputting many, many text prompts (over 600!!) into Midjourney to get the result he wanted out of the AI. Also, once he finished creating that initial image, he tweaked and upscaled it using additional software like Adobe Photoshop. The Copyright Office, nonetheless, denied registration for this work, finding that it lacked the âtraditional elements of authorshipâ because Allen âdid not paint, sketch, color, or otherwise fixâ¦â any portion of the image.</span></p> 265<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">
265However, as Allenâs attorney points out in his lawsuit, there is no legal definition of the âtraditional elements of authorshipâ and, whatâs more, creativity, not the actual labor of producing a work, is the hallmark of authorship under the Copyright Act. </span></p> 266<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">What to make of this case? Well, for starters, Iâm curious to see the Copyright Officeâs response regarding its narrow and archaic âtraditional elements of authorship.â I imagine itâs going to be hard, if not impossible, to claim those canât include use of a machine because, well, most everything that is obviously eligible for copyright protection in the 21st Century (music, movies, photography, etc.) uses hardware and software. Also, I wonder the extent to which some of the issues in this case reflect a basic uncertainty about how to characterize and appraise the skills (conceiving and refining detailed prompts) Allen employed to get Midjourney to create the work, compared to what we traditionally think of as visual art skills (painting and drawing). And, elaborating on that last point, how do we define creativity in light of all of the crude AI slop out there? (One example: check out the chair in this </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/shorts/5losJqn8N2s"><span style="font-weight: 400;">clip</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> when the reporter retakes her seat.) Do we need to make some big decisions about what qualifies as helping âto promote the Progress of Science and useful Artsâ (the purpose of the Copyright Act) by taking into account that some created work is good, borne of inspiration, purpose and ever-evolving skills, while a lot of stuff that gets made is just plain lazy, bad and crudely functional? Tough calls lie ahead.</span></p> 267 </div> 268 269 270 271 <nav class="navigation pagination" aria-label="Posts pagination"> 272 <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Posts pagination</h2> 273 <div class="nav-links"><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text"></span>1</span> 274<a class="page-numbers" href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/category/ai/page/2/"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text"></span>2</a> 275<span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> 276<a class="page-numbers" href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/category/ai/page/5/"><span class="meta-nav screen-reader-text"></span>5</a> 277<a class="next page-numbers" href="https://trachtmanpoler.com/category/ai/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div> 278 </nav> </div> 279 </div> 280 </div> 281 282 <div id="footer"> 283 <button id="themo-get-notified">Subscribe to our mailing list</button> 284 285 <div id="footerContent"> 286 <p>This website is attorney advertising for Trachtman and Poler LLC, a law firm based in New York City. It is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or an attorney-client relationship. Trachtman and Poler LLC may, from time to time, provide links to other sites. Trachtman and Poler LLC has no control over content maintained on such other sites, and links do not imply any association, endorsement, or sponsorship of any other site.</p> 287 <p>© Trachtman and Poler LLC 2026 All Rights Reserved</p> 288 </div> 289 </div> 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 </div> 297</div>
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