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616	<h1 class="editable" rel="secondary-column">Library of Critical Thinking Resources</h1>
617        <div class="content pad editable" style="background: #fff; color: #000; position: relative" rel="primary-column"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/professional-development-in-critical-thinking/433"><img src="https://www.criticalthinking.org/data/pages/37/9a706b8567a9daf32f1c4605b5dd61616a83a88f266c6.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: auto; width: 618px;" cms="true" class="selected" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/professional-development-in-critical-thinking/433"></a></div><br><div>   <br>         </div>   <div><font size="4"><b>Note: A massively expanded library of critical thinking articles, guides, books, exercises, and videos can be found in the&nbsp;</b></font><b><a href="https://community.criticalthinking.org/" target="_BLANK" onclick=""><u><font size="4">Center for Critical Thinking Community Online</font></u></a></b></div><div><font size="3"><b><u><br></u></b></font></div><div><font size="4"><b><u>About Critical Thinking</u></b></font><br></div>      <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766">  Defining Critical Thinking    <br>     </a></font>     <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/international-critical-thinking-manifesto/1372">  International Critical Thinking Manifesto   <br>     </a></font>                                  <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-societies-thoughts-from-the-past/762">    Critical Societies: Thoughts from the Past    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-research/595" target="_BLANK">Research in Critical Thinking</a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/sumnerrsquos-definition-of-critical-thinking/412">    Sumner’s Definition of Critical Thinking    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411">    Our Conception and Definition of Critical Thinking    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-basic-questions-amp-answers/409">    Critical Thinking: Basic Questions &amp; Answers    </a>              <br></font>                                   <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-brief-history-of-the-idea-of-critical-thinking/408">    A Brief History of the Idea of Critical Thinking    </a></font>              <br><div><br>                     </div><div><b><u><font size="4">Richard Paul Anthology</font></u></b><br></div><div><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139" onclick="">        </a></div>        <div>        <font color="#ff0000">        <br>        </font>        </div>        <div>        <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139"><img src="https://www.criticalthinking.org/data/pages/29/f28948c68117cf413c0358dcf154b59351df208e8e12e.png" cms="true" style="cursor: pointer; margin-left: 2px; float: right; margin-right: 310px; margin-top: -20px; height: auto; width: 70px;" class="selected" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139"></a>        </div>        <div>        <div align="center">        <font color="#ff0000">    <font size="3">&nbsp;     </font></font><font size="3">        </font><i><font size="3">        <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139" target="_BLANK" onclick="">    Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World    </a></font>        </i>        </div>        <font color="#ff0000">        <br>        </font>        <br>        <div>        <br>        <br>        </div>        <div><b><u><font size="4">Fundamentals of Critical Thinking</font></u></b><br>                            <a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/content-is-thinking-thinking-is-content/958">    <font size="3">Content Is Thinking, Thinking Is Content    </font></a><font size="3">              <br></font>                                 <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-every-domain-of-knowledge-and-belief/698">    Critical Thinking in Every Domain of Knowledge and Belief    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/using-intellectual-standards-to-assess-student-reasoning/602">    Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/open-minded-inquiry/579">    Open-Minded Inquiry    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/valuable-intellectual-traits/528">    Valuable Intellectual Traits    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/universal-intellectual-standards/527">    Universal Intellectual Standards    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/thinking-with-concepts/525">    Thinking With Concepts    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/index-of-articles/the-role-of-socratic-questioning-in-thinking-teaching-amp-learning/522" target="_BLANK">  The Role of Socratic Questioning in Teaching, Thinking and Learning  </a>         <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-analysis-amp-assessment-of-thinking/497">    The Analysis &amp; Assessment of Thinking    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/glossary-of-critical-thinking-terms/496">    Glossary of Critical Thinking Terms    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/distinguishing-between-inert-information-activated-ignorance-activated-knowledge/488">    Distinguishing Between Inert Information, Activated Ignorance, Activated Knowledge    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-identifying-the-targets/486">    Critical Thinking: Identifying the Targets    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/distinguishing-between-inferences-and-assumptions/484"> Distinguishing Between Inferences and Assumptions </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-development-a-stage-theory/483">    Critical Thinking Development: A Stage Theory    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-elements-of-reasoning-and-the-intellectual-standards/480">    The Elements of Reasoning and the Intellectual Standards    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/478">       </a></font>     <font size="3"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605" target="_BLANK" onclick="">   Becoming a Critic of Your Thinking   </a>     <a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/478">       </a>     <br></font>                                 <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/bertrand-russell-on-critical-thinking/477">    Bertrand Russell on Critical Thinking    </a></font>         <br>        <br></div><div><b><u><font size="4">Documenting the Problem</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/intellectual-foundations-the-key-missing-piece-in-school-restructuring/500">Intellectual Foundations: The Key Missing Piece in School Restructuring    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/pseudo-critical-thinking-in-the-educational-establishment/504">    Pseudo Critical Thinking in the Educational Establishment    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/research-findings-and-policy-recommendations/506">    Research Findings and Policy Recommendations    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/why-students-and-teachers-donrsquot-reason-well/603">    Why Students and Teachers Don’t Reason Well    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-the-engineering-enterprise-novices-typically-dont-even-know-what-questions-to-ask/841">    Critical Thinking in the Engineering Enterprise: Novices Typically Don't Even Know What Questions to Ask    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-movement-3-waves/856">    Critical Thinking Movement: 3 Waves    </a></font>              <br>                     <br><b><u><font size="4">Higher Education Instruction</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/an-overview-of-how-to-design-instruction-using-critical-thinking-concepts/439">An Overview of How to Design Instruction Using Critical Thinking Concepts    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/recommendations-for-departmental-self-evaluation/450">    Recommendations for Departmental Self-Evaluation    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/college-wide-grading-standards/441">    College-Wide Grading Standards    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/sample-course-american-history-1600-to-1800/451">    Sample Course: American History: 1600 to 1800    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ct-class-syllabus/440">    CT Class Syllabus     </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/syllabus-psychology-i/459">    Syllabus - Psychology I    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-sample-assignment-format/438">    A Sample Assignment Format    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/grade-profiles/445">    Grade Profiles    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-class-student-understandings/443">    Critical Thinking Class: Student Understandings    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/structures-for-student-self-assessment/458">    Structures for Student Self-Assessment    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-class-grading-policies/442">    Critical Thinking Class: Grading Policies    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/socratic-teaching/606">    Socratic Teaching    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/john-stuart-mill-on-instruction-intellectual-development-and-disciplined-learning/737">    John Stuart Mill: On Instruction, Intellectual Development, and Disciplined Learning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-and-nursing/834">    Critical Thinking and Nursing    </a></font>              <br>                     <br><font size="4"><b><u>K-12 Instruction Strategies &amp; Samples</u></b></font><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/tactical-and-structural-recommendations/467">Tactical and Structural Recommendations    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/teaching-tactics-that-encourage-active-learning/468">    Teaching Tactics that Encourage Active Learning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/using-intellectual-standards-to-assess-student-reasoning/469">    Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-redesigning-instruction/520">    The Art of Redesigning Instruction    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/making-critical-thinking-intuitive/600">    Making Critical Thinking Intuitive    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-k-3/464">    Remodeled Lessons: K-3    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-4-6/462">    Remodeled Lessons: 4-6    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-6-9/463">    Remodeled Lessons: 6-9    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-high-school/465">    Remodeled Lessons: High School    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/strategy-list-35-dimensions-of-critical-thought/466">    Strategy List: 35 Dimensions of Critical Thought    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/socratic-teaching/507">    Socratic Teaching    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/john-stuart-mill-on-instruction-intellectual-development-and-disciplined-learning/736">    John Stuart Mill: On Instruction, Intellectual Development, and Disciplined Learning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/introduction-to-remodelling-components-of-remodels-and-their-functions/461">    Introduction to Remodeling: Components of Remodels and Their Functions    </a></font>              <br>                     <br><b><u><font size="4">For Students</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-everyday-life-9-strategies/512">Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/developing-as-rational-persons-viewing-our-development-in-stages/518">    Developing as Rational Persons: Viewing Our Development in Stages    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-one/513">    How to Study and Learn (Part One)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-two/514">    How to Study and Learn (Part Two)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-three/515">    How to Study and Learn (Part Three)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-four/516">    How to Study and Learn (Part Four)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-one/509">    The Art of Close Reading (Part One)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-two/510">    The Art of Close Reading (Part Two)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-three/511">    The Art of Close Reading (Part Three)    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/looking-to-the-future-with-a-critical-eye-a-message-for-high-school-graduates/519">    Looking to the Future with a Critical Eye: A Message for High School Graduates    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605">       </a></font>     <font size="3"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605" target="_BLANK" onclick="">   Becoming a Critic of Your Thinking&nbsp;    </a>     <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/for-young-students-elementaryk-6/792">    For Young Students (Elementary/K-6)    </a></font>              <br>                     <br><b><u><font size="4">The Questioning Mind</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/newton-darwin-amp-einstein/505">Newton, Darwin, &amp; Einstein    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-role-of-socratic-questioning-in-thinking-teaching-amp-learning/522">    The Role of Socratic Questioning in Thinking, Teaching, &amp; Learning&nbsp; </a></font> </div> <div><font size="3"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/complex-interdisciplinary-questions-exemplified/1578" target="_BLANK" onclick=""> Complex Interdisciplinary Questions Exemplified: Ecological Sustainability </a> <br></font>                                 <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-critical-mind-is-a-questioning-mind/481">    The Critical Mind Is a Questioning Mind    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/three-categories-of-questions-crucial-distinctions/482">    Three Categories of Questions: Crucial Distinctions    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-history-of-freedom-of-thought/649">    A History of Freedom of Thought    </a></font>              <br>                     <br><b><u><font size="4">Issues in Critical Thinking</font></u></b><br><font size="3">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</font><a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/purchase26?openform&amp;fp=inquiryct&amp;id=inquiryct_2026_0999_4_13_42" target="_BLANK" onclick=""><font size="3">Critical Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Offloading</font></a></div><div><font size="3"><a onclick="" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethical-reasoning-essential-to-education/1036">&nbsp; &nbsp; Ethical Reasoning Is Essential to Education    </a>        <br></font>        <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethics-without-indoctrination/494">    Ethics Without Indoctrination    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/engineering-reasoning/833">    Engineering Reasoning    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/accelerating-change/474">    Accelerating Change    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-and-emotional-intelligence/485">    Critical Thinking and Emotional Intelligence    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-moral-integrity-and-citizenship/487">    Critical Thinking, Moral Integrity and Citizenship    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/diversity-making-sense-of-it-through-critical-thinking/489">    Diversity: Making Sense of It Through Critical Thinking    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/natural-egocentric-dispositions/503">    Natural Egocentric Dispositions    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/global-change-why-ct-is-essential-to-the-community-college-mission/529">    Global Change: Why C.T. Is Essential to the Community College Mission    </a>              <br></font>                                 <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/applied-disciplines-a-critical-thinking-model-for-engineering/578">    Applied Disciplines: A Critical Thinking Model for Engineering    </a></font>              <br>                     </div><div><br></div><div><b><u><font size="4">Classic Works Online</font></u></b><br><a onclick="" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/reading-backwards/890" target="_BLANK"><font size="3">Reading Backwards: Classic Books Online</font></a>        <br>        <br>                            </div>        </div> </div>
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