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614 615 <a name="top"></a> 616 <h1 class="editable" rel="secondary-column">Library of Critical Thinking Resources</h1> 617 <div class="content pad editable" style="background: #fff; color: #000; position: relative" rel="primary-column"><div align="center"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/professional-development-in-critical-thinking/433"><img src="https://www.criticalthinking.org/data/pages/37/9a706b8567a9daf32f1c4605b5dd61616a83a88f266c6.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: auto; width: 618px;" cms="true" class="selected" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/professional-development-in-critical-thinking/433"></a></div><br><div> <br> </div> <div><font size="4"><b>Note: A massively expanded library of critical thinking articles, guides, books, exercises, and videos can be found in the </b></font><b><a href="https://community.criticalthinking.org/" target="_BLANK" onclick=""><u><font size="4">Center for Critical Thinking Community Online</font></u></a></b></div><div><font size="3"><b><u><br></u></b></font></div><div><font size="4"><b><u>About Critical Thinking</u></b></font><br></div> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766"> Defining Critical Thinking <br> </a></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/international-critical-thinking-manifesto/1372"> International Critical Thinking Manifesto <br> </a></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-societies-thoughts-from-the-past/762"> Critical Societies: Thoughts from the Past </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-research/595" target="_BLANK">Research in Critical Thinking</a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/sumnerrsquos-definition-of-critical-thinking/412"> Sumner’s Definition of Critical Thinking </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/our-concept-and-definition-of-critical-thinking/411"> Our Conception and Definition of Critical Thinking </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-basic-questions-amp-answers/409"> Critical Thinking: Basic Questions & Answers </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-brief-history-of-the-idea-of-critical-thinking/408"> A Brief History of the Idea of Critical Thinking </a></font> <br><div><br> </div><div><b><u><font size="4">Richard Paul Anthology</font></u></b><br></div><div><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139" onclick=""> </a></div> <div> <font color="#ff0000"> <br> </font> </div> <div> <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139"><img src="https://www.criticalthinking.org/data/pages/29/f28948c68117cf413c0358dcf154b59351df208e8e12e.png" cms="true" style="cursor: pointer; margin-left: 2px; float: right; margin-right: 310px; margin-top: -20px; height: auto; width: 70px;" class="selected" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139"></a> </div> <div> <div align="center"> <font color="#ff0000"> <font size="3"> </font></font><font size="3"> </font><i><font size="3"> <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/richard-paul-anthology/1139" target="_BLANK" onclick=""> Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World </a></font> </i> </div> <font color="#ff0000"> <br> </font> <br> <div> <br> <br> </div> <div><b><u><font size="4">Fundamentals of Critical Thinking</font></u></b><br> <a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/content-is-thinking-thinking-is-content/958"> <font size="3">Content Is Thinking, Thinking Is Content </font></a><font size="3"> <br></font> <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-every-domain-of-knowledge-and-belief/698"> Critical Thinking in Every Domain of Knowledge and Belief </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/using-intellectual-standards-to-assess-student-reasoning/602"> Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/open-minded-inquiry/579"> Open-Minded Inquiry </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/valuable-intellectual-traits/528"> Valuable Intellectual Traits </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/universal-intellectual-standards/527"> Universal Intellectual Standards </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/thinking-with-concepts/525"> Thinking With Concepts </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/index-of-articles/the-role-of-socratic-questioning-in-thinking-teaching-amp-learning/522" target="_BLANK"> The Role of Socratic Questioning in Teaching, Thinking and Learning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-analysis-amp-assessment-of-thinking/497"> The Analysis & Assessment of Thinking </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/glossary-of-critical-thinking-terms/496"> Glossary of Critical Thinking Terms </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/distinguishing-between-inert-information-activated-ignorance-activated-knowledge/488"> Distinguishing Between Inert Information, Activated Ignorance, Activated Knowledge </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-identifying-the-targets/486"> Critical Thinking: Identifying the Targets </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/distinguishing-between-inferences-and-assumptions/484"> Distinguishing Between Inferences and Assumptions </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-development-a-stage-theory/483"> Critical Thinking Development: A Stage Theory </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-elements-of-reasoning-and-the-intellectual-standards/480"> The Elements of Reasoning and the Intellectual Standards </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/478"> </a></font> <font size="3"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605" target="_BLANK" onclick=""> Becoming a Critic of Your Thinking </a> <a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/478"> </a> <br></font> <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/bertrand-russell-on-critical-thinking/477"> Bertrand Russell on Critical Thinking </a></font> <br> <br></div><div><b><u><font size="4">Documenting the Problem</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/intellectual-foundations-the-key-missing-piece-in-school-restructuring/500">Intellectual Foundations: The Key Missing Piece in School Restructuring </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/pseudo-critical-thinking-in-the-educational-establishment/504"> Pseudo Critical Thinking in the Educational Establishment </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/research-findings-and-policy-recommendations/506"> Research Findings and Policy Recommendations </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/why-students-and-teachers-donrsquot-reason-well/603"> Why Students and Teachers Don’t Reason Well </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-the-engineering-enterprise-novices-typically-dont-even-know-what-questions-to-ask/841"> Critical Thinking in the Engineering Enterprise: Novices Typically Don't Even Know What Questions to Ask </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-movement-3-waves/856"> Critical Thinking Movement: 3 Waves </a></font> <br> <br><b><u><font size="4">Higher Education Instruction</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/an-overview-of-how-to-design-instruction-using-critical-thinking-concepts/439">An Overview of How to Design Instruction Using Critical Thinking Concepts </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/recommendations-for-departmental-self-evaluation/450"> Recommendations for Departmental Self-Evaluation </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/college-wide-grading-standards/441"> College-Wide Grading Standards </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/sample-course-american-history-1600-to-1800/451"> Sample Course: American History: 1600 to 1800 </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ct-class-syllabus/440"> CT Class Syllabus </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/syllabus-psychology-i/459"> Syllabus - Psychology I </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-sample-assignment-format/438"> A Sample Assignment Format </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/grade-profiles/445"> Grade Profiles </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-class-student-understandings/443"> Critical Thinking Class: Student Understandings </a> <br></font> <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/structures-for-student-self-assessment/458"> Structures for Student Self-Assessment </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-class-grading-policies/442"> Critical Thinking Class: Grading Policies </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/socratic-teaching/606"> Socratic Teaching </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/john-stuart-mill-on-instruction-intellectual-development-and-disciplined-learning/737"> John Stuart Mill: On Instruction, Intellectual Development, and Disciplined Learning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-and-nursing/834"> Critical Thinking and Nursing </a></font> <br> <br><font size="4"><b><u>K-12 Instruction Strategies & Samples</u></b></font><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/tactical-and-structural-recommendations/467">Tactical and Structural Recommendations </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/teaching-tactics-that-encourage-active-learning/468"> Teaching Tactics that Encourage Active Learning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/using-intellectual-standards-to-assess-student-reasoning/469"> Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-redesigning-instruction/520"> The Art of Redesigning Instruction </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/making-critical-thinking-intuitive/600"> Making Critical Thinking Intuitive </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-k-3/464"> Remodeled Lessons: K-3 </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-4-6/462"> Remodeled Lessons: 4-6 </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-6-9/463"> Remodeled Lessons: 6-9 </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/remodelled-lessons-high-school/465"> Remodeled Lessons: High School </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/strategy-list-35-dimensions-of-critical-thought/466"> Strategy List: 35 Dimensions of Critical Thought </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/socratic-teaching/507"> Socratic Teaching </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/john-stuart-mill-on-instruction-intellectual-development-and-disciplined-learning/736"> John Stuart Mill: On Instruction, Intellectual Development, and Disciplined Learning </a> <br></font> <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/introduction-to-remodelling-components-of-remodels-and-their-functions/461"> Introduction to Remodeling: Components of Remodels and Their Functions </a></font> <br> <br><b><u><font size="4">For Students</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-in-everyday-life-9-strategies/512">Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/developing-as-rational-persons-viewing-our-development-in-stages/518"> Developing as Rational Persons: Viewing Our Development in Stages </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-one/513"> How to Study and Learn (Part One) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-two/514"> How to Study and Learn (Part Two) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-three/515"> How to Study and Learn (Part Three) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/how-to-study-and-learn-part-four/516"> How to Study and Learn (Part Four) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-one/509"> The Art of Close Reading (Part One) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-two/510"> The Art of Close Reading (Part Two) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-art-of-close-reading-part-three/511"> The Art of Close Reading (Part Three) </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/looking-to-the-future-with-a-critical-eye-a-message-for-high-school-graduates/519"> Looking to the Future with a Critical Eye: A Message for High School Graduates </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605"> </a></font> <font size="3"><a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/becoming-a-critic-of-your-thinking/605" target="_BLANK" onclick=""> Becoming a Critic of Your Thinking </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/for-young-students-elementaryk-6/792"> For Young Students (Elementary/K-6) </a></font> <br> <br><b><u><font size="4">The Questioning Mind</font></u></b><br><font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/newton-darwin-amp-einstein/505">Newton, Darwin, & Einstein </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-role-of-socratic-questioning-in-thinking-teaching-amp-learning/522"> The Role of Socratic Questioning in Thinking, Teaching, & Learning </a></font> </div> <div><font size="3"> <a href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/complex-interdisciplinary-questions-exemplified/1578" target="_BLANK" onclick=""> Complex Interdisciplinary Questions Exemplified: Ecological Sustainability </a> <br></font> <font size="3">
617<a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-critical-mind-is-a-questioning-mind/481"> The Critical Mind Is a Questioning Mind </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/three-categories-of-questions-crucial-distinctions/482"> Three Categories of Questions: Crucial Distinctions </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/a-history-of-freedom-of-thought/649"> A History of Freedom of Thought </a></font> <br> <br><b><u><font size="4">Issues in Critical Thinking</font></u></b><br><font size="3"> </font><a href="https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/purchase26?openform&fp=inquiryct&id=inquiryct_2026_0999_4_13_42" target="_BLANK" onclick=""><font size="3">Critical Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Offloading</font></a></div><div><font size="3"><a onclick="" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethical-reasoning-essential-to-education/1036"> Ethical Reasoning Is Essential to Education </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethics-without-indoctrination/494"> Ethics Without Indoctrination </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/engineering-reasoning/833"> Engineering Reasoning </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/accelerating-change/474"> Accelerating Change </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-and-emotional-intelligence/485"> Critical Thinking and Emotional Intelligence </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-moral-integrity-and-citizenship/487"> Critical Thinking, Moral Integrity and Citizenship </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/diversity-making-sense-of-it-through-critical-thinking/489"> Diversity: Making Sense of It Through Critical Thinking </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/natural-egocentric-dispositions/503"> Natural Egocentric Dispositions </a> <br></font> <font size="3"><a onclick="" style="margin-left: 15px;" href="https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/global-change-why-ct-is-essential-to-the-community-college-mission/529"> Global Change: Why C.T. 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