PageSourceSearch

https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/

html newscientist.com collected 2026-09-24 06:47:54 UTC 95,187 bytes, 705 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en-US" data-theme="light">
3<head>
4	<meta charset="UTF-8">
5	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6	<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
7	<link rel='preload' as='style' href='https://use.typekit.net/zvd4ukw.css' />
8<link rel='preload' as='style' href='https://use.typekit.net/fme2pic.css' />
9<meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />
10
11	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ -->
12	<title>Contact us | New Scientist</title>
13	<meta name="description" content="Contact us about your New Scientist subscription For all subscription queries, please contact our customer care team via email below. Please allow up to 3" />
14	<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/" />
15	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" />
16	<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
17	<meta property="og:title" content="Contact us | New Scientist" />
18	<meta property="og:description" content="Contact us about your New Scientist subscription For all subscription queries, please contact our customer care team via email below. Please allow up to 3" />
19	<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/" />
20	<meta property="og:site_name" content="New Scientist" />
21	<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/newscientist" />
22	<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2026-03-19T13:08:16+00:00" />
23	<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png" />
24	<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
25	<meta property="og:image:height" content="627" />
26	<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" />
27	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
28	<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png" />
29	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@newscientist" />
30	<meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" />
31	<meta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" />
32	<meta name="twitter:label2" content="Written by" />
33	<meta name="twitter:data2" content="Legacy content author" />
34	
34<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/","url":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/","name":"Contact us | New Scientist","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png","datePublished":"2014-05-09T12:06:34+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-19T13:08:16+00:00","description":"Contact us about your New Scientist subscription For all subscription queries, please contact our customer care team via email below. Please allow up to 3","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/"]}],"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":40,"url":"https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/logo.svg#logo","width":342},"name":"New Scientist","publishingPrinciples":"https://www.newscientist.com/about/"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png","contentUrl":"https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png","width":1200,"height":627},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.newscientist.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Contact us"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.newscientist.com/#website","url":"https://www.newscientist.com/","name":"New Scientist","description":"Science news and science articles from New Scientist","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.newscientist.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>
34
35	<meta name="p:domain_verify" content="e1ad6b074bd56738db29f7d0150698c9" />
36	<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. -->
37
38
39<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@newscientist" /><meta name="thumbnail" content="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/17102106/new-scientist-social-meta-image.png"/>
40<meta name="author" content="Legacy content author">
41<meta name="ob_page_type" content="non-paywall"/>
42<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fcontact-us%2F" />
43<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fcontact-us%2F&#038;format=xml" />
44<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
45img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
46/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
47</style>
48<link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2' href='https://www.newscientist.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9EvyUjNTS3Wz0stL07OBApkFpfoJ5Vm5qToFySmAyWS84tS9ZKLi3X0SdBUnJmXngPWZp9ra2huYWlgbGlsbgYA1rksIg==' type='text/css' media='all' />
49<link rel='stylesheet' id='ns-custom-fonts-primary-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/zvd4ukw.css?ver=1789039191126' media='print' onload="this.onload=null;this.media='all'" />
50<link rel='stylesheet' id='ns-custom-fonts-secondary-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/fme2pic.css?ver=1789039191126' media='print' onload="this.onload=null;this.media='all'" />
51<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
52:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
52--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
53
54/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
55</style>
56
57<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
58:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary: #1f4ba4;--wp--preset--color--primary-dark: #FEBF1A;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #b50304;--wp--preset--color--secondary-dark: #ff843e;--wp--preset--color--tertiary: #f39600;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #f5f5f5;--wp--preset--color--mid-gray: #e5e6e8;--wp--preset--color--gray-90: #131414;--wp--preset--color--light-gray-transparent: rgba(0, 42, 56, .1);--wp--preset--color--dark-transparent-gray: #242424;--wp--preset--color--dustbin-gray: #262727;--wp--preset--color--charcoal-gray: #5e6366;--wp--preset--color--amber: #ffbf1a;--wp--preset--color--blood-orange: #d04900;--wp--preset--color--safety-orange: #ff7300;--wp--preset--color--light-grayish-orange: #f4eee4;--wp--preset--color--card-border-dark: #3b3b3b;--wp--preset--color--card-shadow-dark: #2a2a3b;--wp--preset--color--card-category: #3fa535;--wp--preset--color--dark-blue: #1f202b;--wp--preset--color--beau-blue: #d8ecff;--wp--preset--color--oxford-blue: #0d0d2c;--wp--preset--color--light-blue: #007bff;--wp--preset--color--sea-blue: #0d1d41;--wp--preset--color--platinum: #e5e6e8;--wp--preset--color--dark-pink: #25171f;--wp--preset--color--lavender: #ffedeb;--wp--preset--color--purple: #400626;--wp--preset--color--selection: #ffbc96;--wp--preset--color--selection-dark: #7a0f4a;--wp--preset--color--academy-subject: #ff003a;--wp--preset--color--green: #4bb543;--wp--preset--color--red: #bf1e3f;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
580) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--primary: ff-enzo-web,'secondary-sans-serif',sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--heading: 'ff-meta-serif-web-pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--content: merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 838px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1276px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 10px;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{font-family: var(--font-heading);font-weight: 900;margin-bottom: 1.06rem;}h1{font-size: var(--h1--font-size);line-height: var(--h1--line-height);}h2{font-size: var(--h2--font-size);line-height: var(--h2--line-height);}h3{font-size: var(--h3--font-size);line-height: var(--h3--line-height);}h4{font-size: var(--h4--font-size);line-height: var(--h4--line-height);}h5{font-size: var(--h5--font-size);line-height: var(--h5--line-height);}h6{font-size: var(--h6--font-size);line-height: var(--h6--line-height);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-secondary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-secondary-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary-dark) !important;}.has-tertiary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-light-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-mid-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--mid-gray) !important;}.has-gray-90-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-90) !important;}.has-light-gray-transparent-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-transparent) !important;}
58.has-dark-transparent-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-transparent-gray) !important;}.has-dustbin-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dustbin-gray) !important;}.has-charcoal-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--charcoal-gray) !important;}.has-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--amber) !important;}.has-blood-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blood-orange) !important;}.has-safety-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--safety-orange) !important;}.has-light-grayish-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-grayish-orange) !important;}.has-card-border-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-border-dark) !important;}.has-card-shadow-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-shadow-dark) !important;}.has-card-category-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-category) !important;}.has-dark-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-beau-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--beau-blue) !important;}.has-oxford-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--oxford-blue) !important;}.has-light-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-sea-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sea-blue) !important;}.has-platinum-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--platinum) !important;}.has-dark-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-pink) !important;}.has-lavender-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--lavender) !important;}.has-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-selection-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection) !important;}.has-selection-dark-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection-dark) !important;}.has-academy-subject-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--academy-subject) !important;}.has-green-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-secondary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-secondary-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary-dark) !important;}.has-tertiary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-light-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-mid-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--mid-gray) !important;}.has-gray-90-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-90) !important;}.has-light-gray-transparent-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-transparent) !important;}
58.has-dark-transparent-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-transparent-gray) !important;}.has-dustbin-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dustbin-gray) !important;}.has-charcoal-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--charcoal-gray) !important;}.has-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--amber) !important;}.has-blood-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blood-orange) !important;}.has-safety-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--safety-orange) !important;}.has-light-grayish-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-grayish-orange) !important;}.has-card-border-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-border-dark) !important;}.has-card-shadow-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-shadow-dark) !important;}.has-card-category-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-category) !important;}.has-dark-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-beau-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--beau-blue) !important;}.has-oxford-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--oxford-blue) !important;}.has-light-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-sea-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sea-blue) !important;}.has-platinum-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--platinum) !important;}.has-dark-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-pink) !important;}.has-lavender-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--lavender) !important;}.has-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-selection-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection) !important;}.has-selection-dark-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection-dark) !important;}.has-academy-subject-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--academy-subject) !important;}.has-green-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-primary-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary-dark) !important;}.has-secondary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-secondary-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary-dark) !important;}.has-tertiary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-light-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray) !important;}.has-mid-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--mid-gray) !important;}.has-gray-90-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--gray-90) !important;}.has-light-gray-transparent-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-gray-transparent) !important;}
58.has-dark-transparent-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-transparent-gray) !important;}.has-dustbin-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dustbin-gray) !important;}.has-charcoal-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--charcoal-gray) !important;}.has-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--amber) !important;}.has-blood-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blood-orange) !important;}.has-safety-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--safety-orange) !important;}.has-light-grayish-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-grayish-orange) !important;}.has-card-border-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-border-dark) !important;}.has-card-shadow-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-shadow-dark) !important;}.has-card-category-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--card-category) !important;}.has-dark-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-beau-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--beau-blue) !important;}.has-oxford-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--oxford-blue) !important;}.has-light-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-blue) !important;}.has-sea-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sea-blue) !important;}.has-platinum-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--platinum) !important;}.has-dark-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-pink) !important;}.has-lavender-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--lavender) !important;}.has-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--purple) !important;}.has-selection-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection) !important;}.has-selection-dark-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--selection-dark) !important;}.has-academy-subject-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--academy-subject) !important;}.has-green-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--green) !important;}.has-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--red) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool
58-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-primary-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--primary) !important;}.has-heading-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--heading) !important;}.has-content-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--content) !important;}
59:root :where(.wp-block-newscientist-read-more){margin-top: 40px;margin-bottom: 40px;}
60/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
61</style>
62
63<style id="jetpack-stats-inline-css">
64img#wpstats{display:none}
65/*# sourceURL=jetpack-stats-inline-css */
66</style>
67<script id="an-ads-js-before">
68window.adverts = window.adverts || {}; window.adverts.config = {"modules":["newscientist","header-bidding"],"mol-ads-config-data":{"baseUrl":"mads.dailymail.co.uk","host":"newscientist"},"site":"newscientist"};
69window.getPageCriteria = function() { return {"articleId":"","channel":"news","isAMP":false,"pageType":"home","sponsored":false,"subchannel":"","userType":"no-auth"}; };
70                 window.getPageMetadata = function() { return {"articleId":"","authors":[""],"category":"","context":"home","link":"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/contact-us?pagename=contact-us","modified":"","postStyle":"","published":"","tags":[],"title":""}; };
71//# sourceURL=an-ads-js-before
72</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 72
72
73<script id="an-ads-js" src="https://dmg-libs.anm.co.uk/a/1.88.0/config.js?ver=1.88.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 73
73
74<script id="google-tag-manager-js-before">
75const gtmId = 'GTM-TH2S733K';
76window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
77				function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
78				gtag('consent', 'default', {
79					'ad_storage': 'denied',
80					'ad_user_data': 'denied',
81					'ad_personalization': 'denied',
82					'analytics_storage': 'granted',
83					'wait_for_update': 1000
84				});
85				dataLayer.push({"barrierType":"None","pageType":"other page","platform":"web","siteSection":"new scientist","visitorType":"no-auth","userLoginDetails":"anonymous"});
86//# sourceURL=google-tag-manager-js-before
87</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 87
87
88<script id="google-tag-manager-js" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/google-tag-manager.js?ver=c5b8eb21993eff83d9d4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 88
88
89<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/datalayer-events.js?m=1789039359g" ></script>
89<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="rta-script-js" src="https://rta2.newscientist.com/s/rta3/rta-newscientist-3.min.js?ver=7.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 89
89
90<script id="rta-js-before">
91window.userState = 'no-auth';
92//# sourceURL=rta-js-before
93</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 93
93
94<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="rta-js" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/ns-rta.js?ver=7.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 94
94
95<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/cmp.js?m=1789039359g" ></script>
95<script id="piano-scripts-js-before">
96window.newSci = window.newSci || {}; window.newSci.pianoPublicConfig = {"piano_admin_dashboard_base_url":"https:\/\/dashboard-eu.piano.io","piano_application_id":"rba4f1Zcpe","piano_composer_host":"https:\/\/c2.newscientist.com","piano_debug_mode":false,"piano_endpoint_base":"https:\/\/vx.newscientist.com","piano_environment":"prod","piano_id_base_url":"https:\/\/auth.newscientist.com\/id\/api\/v1","piano_id_message_origin":"https:\/\/auth.newscientist.com","piano_id_message_origin_selector":"iframe[id*=piano-id][src*=auth\\\\.newscientist\\\\.com]","piano_id_url":"https:\/\/auth.newscientist.com","piano_message_origin":"https:\/\/vx.newscientist.com","piano_message_origin_selector":"iframe[id*=offer][src*=vx\\\\.newscientist\\\\.com]","piano_registration_term_id":"TMB13NS1D74W","piano_report_url":"https:\/\/reports-api.piano.io","piano_script_domain":"https:\/\/c2.newscientist.com","piano_static_domain":"https:\/\/pcdn.newscientist.com"};
97//# sourceURL=piano-scripts-js-before
98</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 98
98
99<script id="piano-scripts-js" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/piano-init.js?ver=aee1cd5437b852b912d3"></script>
99
100<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/314" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.newscientist.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
101<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.0.6" />
102<link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.newscientist.com/?p=314' />
103<link rel="preconnect" href="https://c2.newscientist.com" />
104<link rel="preconnect" href="https://c2.newscientist.com" crossorigin="" />
105<link rel="preconnect" href="https://crta.dailymail.co.uk" />
106<link rel="preconnect" href="https://crta.dailymail.co.uk" crossorigin="" />
107<link rel="preconnect" href="https://dmg-libs.anm.co.uk" />
108<link rel="preconnect" href="https://mads.dailymail.co.uk" crossorigin="" />
109<link rel="preconnect" href="https://pcdn.newscientist.com" />
110<link rel="preconnect" href="https://rta2.newscientist.com" />
111<link rel="preconnect" href="https://rta2.newscientist.com" crossorigin="" />
112<link rel="preconnect" href="https://vx.newscientist.com" />
113<link rel="preconnect" href="https://vx.newscientist.com" crossorigin="" />
114<meta name="onesignal-plugin" content="wordpress-3.8.0">
115  
115<script src="https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.js" defer></script>
115
116  
116<script>
117          window.OneSignalDeferred = window.OneSignalDeferred || [];
118          OneSignalDeferred.push(async function(OneSignal) {
119            await OneSignal.init({
120              appId: "f3c5a176-f5a2-43f7-a32d-99312c2469ed",
121              serviceWorkerOverrideForTypical: true,
122              path: "https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/plugins/onesignal-free-web-push-notifications/sdk_files/",
123              serviceWorkerParam: { scope: "/wp-content/plugins/onesignal-free-web-push-notifications/sdk_files/push/onesignal/" },
124              serviceWorkerPath: "OneSignalSDKWorker.js",
125            });
126          });
127
128          // Unregister the legacy OneSignal service worker to prevent scope conflicts
129          if (navigator.serviceWorker) {
130            navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations().then((registrations) => {
131              // Iterate through all registered service workers
132              registrations.forEach((registration) => {
133                // Check the script URL to identify the specific service worker
134                if (registration.active && registration.active.scriptURL.includes('OneSignalSDKWorker.js.php')) {
135                  // Unregister the service worker
136                  registration.unregister().then((success) => {
137                    if (success) {
138                      console.log('OneSignalSW: Successfully unregistered:', registration.active.scriptURL);
139                    } else {
140                      console.log('OneSignalSW: Failed to unregister:', registration.active.scriptURL);
141                    }
142                  });
143                }
144              });
145            }).catch((error) => {
146              console.error('Error fetching service worker registrations:', error);
147            });
148        }
149        </script>
149
150<link rel="icon" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/favicon/ns-favicon-white.svg" type="image/svg+xml" />
151			<link rel="icon" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/favicon/ns-favicon-white-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
152			<link rel="icon" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/favicon/ns-favicon-white-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
153			<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/favicon/ns-favicon-white-180x180.png" /></head>
154
155<body class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-314 wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-newscientist">
vendor: 69 bytes, lines 155-156
155
156	<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=
156GTM-TH2S733K
vendor: 82 bytes, line 156
156" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
156<svg width="0" height="0" style="display:none">
157</svg>
158		<div id="container">
159		<header id="header" class="header">
160			<div class="navigation__primary navigation">
161				<div class="navigation__primary-logo">
162					<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/" title="Link to homepage">
163						<svg width="342" height="49" viewBox="0 0 342 49" class="logo">
164						<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/logo.svg#logo" style="--fill-color: var(--svg--logo-fill, #000)"></use>
165					</svg><svg width="110" height="48" viewBox="0 0 110 48" class="logo-stacked">
166						<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/logo-stacked.svg#logo-stacked" style="--fill-color: var(--svg--logo-fill, #000)"></use>
167					</svg>					</a>
168				</div>
169				<div class="navigation__tools">
170					<div class="navigation__user-signin ">
171													<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/login/">
172								<span class="navigation__user-signin--text">Sign In</span>								<svg width="19" height="20" viewBox="0 0 19 20">
173											<title>Sign In</title>
174											<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-signin.svg#icon-signin" style="--fill-color: var(--svg--icon-fill, #1F54A4)"></use>
175										</svg>							</a>
176											</div>
177					<div class="navigation__search">
178						<form action="https://www.newscientist.com/search/">
179							<input class="navigation__search--input" name="q" placeholder="Enter search keywords" />							<button class="navigation__search--button" type="submit">
180										<svg width="16" height="17" viewBox="0 0 16 17">
181											<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-magnify.svg#icon-magnify" style="--fill-color: var(--svg--icon-fill-alt, #fff)"></use>
182										</svg>
183									</button>						</form>
184					</div>
185					<div class="navigation__appearance">
186						<input class="appearance-toggle" name="appearance-toggle" type="checkbox" role="switch" />
187					</div>
188					<nav class="navigation__products">
189						<div class="menu-header-product-container"><ul id="menu-header-product" class="menu-product"><li id="menu-item-2548970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548970"><a href="/curiosity-engine/">Curiosity Engine</a></li>
190<li id="menu-item-2548972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548972"><a href="/science-events/">Events</a></li>
191<li id="menu-item-2548975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548975"><a href="/tours/">Tours</a></li>
192<li id="menu-item-2548977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548977"><a href="https://shop.newscientist.com/">Shop</a></li>
193</ul></div>					</nav>
194					<div class="navigation__promotional-button">
195						<a
196	id="TopNavPromotionalButton--AfterScroll"
197	href="https://subscription.newscientist.com/packages/p/cms/TB?"
198	class="button button--secondary button--subscribe-header js-subscription-links"
199	tabindex="0"
200	data-component-name="site-header-subscribe-link" data-event-type="button_click" data-sub-link="nsheader">
201	<span data-piano-header-button-copy>
202		Subscribe now	</span>
203	<svg
204				width="16"
205		height="16"
206		viewBox="0 0 24 24"
207	>
208		<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-arrow-right.svg#icon-arrow-right"></use>
209	</svg>
210</a>
211					</div>
212					<button class="navigation__mobile-button hamburger-menu" id="hamburger-menu-button" title="" aria-label="">
213						<span class="hamburger-menu__inner">
214							<span class="hamburger-menu__bar hamburger-menu__bar--top"></span>
215							<span class="hamburger-menu__bar hamburger-menu__bar--center"></span>
216							<span class="hamburger-menu__bar hamburger-menu__bar--bottom"></span>
217						</span>
218					</button>
219				</div>
220			</div>
221			<div class="navigation navigation__secondary">
222				<nav class="navigation__section">
223					<div class="navigation__title">
224						<h3>Explore by section</h3>
225						<svg width="11" height="16" viewBox="0 0 11 16" class="icon-down-arrow">
226							<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-down-arrow.svg#icon-down-arrow"></use>
227						</svg>
228					</div>
229					<div class="menu-header-section-container"><ul id="menu-header-section" class="menu-section"><li id="menu-item-2548925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article_section menu-item-2548925">
229<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/section/news/">News</a></li>
230<li id="menu-item-2548927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article_section menu-item-2548927"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/section/features/">Features</a></li>
231<li id="menu-item-2548929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548929"><a href="/sign-up/">Newsletters</a></li>
232<li id="menu-item-2548931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548931"><a href="/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li>
233<li id="menu-item-2548933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548933"><a href="/video/">Video</a></li>
234<li id="menu-item-2548935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article_section menu-item-2548935"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/section/comment/">Comment</a></li>
235<li id="menu-item-2548938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-article_section menu-item-2548938"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/section/culture/">Culture</a></li>
236<li id="menu-item-2548940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548940"><a href="/games/">Games</a></li>
237<li id="menu-item-2548942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548942"><a href="/issues/current/">This week&#8217;s magazine</a></li>
238</ul></div>				</nav>
239				<nav class="navigation__subject">
240					<div class="navigation__title">
241						<h3>Explore by subject</h3>
242						<svg width="11" height="16" viewBox="0 0 11 16" class="icon-down-arrow">
243							<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-down-arrow.svg#icon-down-arrow"></use>
244						</svg>
245					</div>
246					<div class="menu-header-subject-container"><ul id="menu-header-subject" class="menu-subject"><li id="menu-item-2548945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548945"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/health/">Health</a></li>
247<li id="menu-item-2548947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548947"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/space/">Space</a></li>
248<li id="menu-item-2548949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548949"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/physics/">Physics</a></li>
249<li id="menu-item-2548951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548951"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/technology/">Technology</a></li>
250<li id="menu-item-2548953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548953"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/environment/">Environment</a></li>
251<li id="menu-item-2548955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548955"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/mind/">Mind</a></li>
252<li id="menu-item-2548957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548957"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/humans/">Humans</a></li>
253<li id="menu-item-2548959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548959"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/life/">Life</a></li>
254<li id="menu-item-2548961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548961"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/mathematics/">Mathematics</a></li>
255<li id="menu-item-2548964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548964"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/chemistry/">Chemistry</a></li>
256<li id="menu-item-2548966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548966"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/earth/">Earth</a></li>
257<li id="menu-item-2548968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2548968"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subject/society/">Society</a></li>
258</ul></div>				</nav>
259				<nav class="navigation__products">
260					<div class="navigation__title">
261						<h3>Explore our products and services</h3>
262						<svg width="11" height="16" viewBox="0 0 11 16" class="icon-down-arrow">
263							<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-down-arrow.svg#icon-down-arrow"></use>
264						</svg>
265					</div>
266					<div class="menu-header-product-container"><ul id="menu-header-product-1" class="menu-product"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548970"><a href="/curiosity-engine/">Curiosity Engine</a></li>
267<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548972"><a href="/science-events/">Events</a></li>
268<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548975"><a href="/tours/">Tours</a></li>
269<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548977"><a href="https://shop.newscientist.com/">Shop</a></li>
270</ul></div>				</nav>
271				<div class="navigation__promotional-button">
272					<a
273	id="TopNavPromotionalButton"
274	href="https://subscription.newscientist.com/packages/p/cms/TB?"
275	class="button button--secondary button--subscribe-header js-subscription-links"
276	tabindex="0"
277	data-component-name="site-header-subscribe-link" data-event-type="button_click" data-sub-link="nsheader">
278	<span data-piano-header-button-copy>
279		Subscribe now	</span>
280	<svg
281				width="16"
282		height="16"
283		viewBox="0 0 24 24"
284	>
285		<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-arrow-right.svg#icon-arrow-right"></use>
286	</svg>
287</a>
288				</div>
289			</div>
290							<dialog id="user-modal" popover>
291					<div class="navigation__user-modal HeaderMegaNav--Loading" id="header-mega-nav" aria-busy="true">
292						<div data-js-abs-mma-panel>
293							<h4>Manage your subscription</h4>
294							<p>Check your subscription status, update your details and more.</p>
295							<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/subscription/connect-to-qss/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Manage your subscription</a>
296															<p id="header-meganav-activate-your-subscription">
297									<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/activate-subscription/">Activate your subscription</a>
298								</p>
299													</div>
300						<ul>
301							<li><strong>Your account</strong></li>
302							<li id="header-meganav-description">Check your subscription status, update your details and more.</li>
303							<li>
304								<a
305									id="header-meganav-account-link"
306									href="https://www.newscientist.com/my-account/?tab=subscription-details"
307									data-account-settings-url="https://www.newscientist.com/my-account/"
308								>
309									<span id="header-meganav-manage-your-subscription-text">Manage your subscription</span>
310								</a>
311							</li>
312							<li><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/my-account/?tab=newsletters">Your newsletters</a></li>
313							<li><a href="/benefits/">Subscriber benefits</a></li>
314							<li class="navigation__user-modal--sign-out"><a href="javascript: void(0);" class="js-logout">Sign out</a></li>
315						</ul>
316						<div class="navigation__user-modal-image" data-js-piano-image>
317							<img src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/account-product-shot-digital.png" width="241" height="148" alt="New Scientist magazine and digital content" />
318						</div>
319					</div>
320				</dialog>
321						</header>
322		<div id="content">
323			<div class="navigation__promotional-button navigation__promotional-button--mobile">
324				<a
325	id="TopNavPromotionalButton--Mobile"
326	href="https://subscription.newscientist.com/packages/p/cms/TB?"
327	class="button button--secondary button--subscribe-header js-subscription-links"
328	tabindex="0"
329	data-component-name="site-header-subscribe-link" data-event-type="button_click" data-sub-link="nsheader">
330	<span data-piano-header-button-copy>
331		Subscribe now	</span>
332	<svg
333				width="16"
334		height="16"
335		viewBox="0 0 24 24"
336	>
337		<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-arrow-right.svg#icon-arrow-right"></use>
338	</svg>
339</a>
340			</div>
341	<main class="article__wrapper">
342		<article>
343			<section>
344	<header>
345		<h1 class="article__title">Contact us</h1>	</header>
346</section>
347			<div class="article__content">
348				<p><strong>Contact us about your New Scientist subscription</strong></p>
349<p>For all subscription queries, please contact our customer care team via email below. Please allow up to 3 working days for a response.</p>
350<p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
351<p>Alternatively, you can contact us by phone:</p>
352<p>UK: <a href="tel:0330 333 9470">0330 333 9470</a> (9am &#8211;
352 5pm Monday to Friday UK Time)<br />
353US/CAN: <a href="tel:1 888 822 3242">1 888 822 3242</a> (7.30am &#8211; 7pm Monday to Friday CST)<br />
354AUS: <a href="tel:1800 861 370">1800 861 370</a> (9am &#8211; 6pm Monday to Friday AET)<br />
355NZ: <a href="tel:+61 2 8355 8923">+61 2 8355 8923</a> (9am &#8211; 6pm Monday to Friday AET)<br />
356ROW: <a href="tel:+44 330 333 9470">+44 330 333 9470</a> (9am &#8211; 5pm Monday to Friday UK Time)</p>
357<p><strong>Contact us about items published by New Scientist</strong></p>
358<p>If you have a letter for the editor, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
359<p>If you have an enquiry or feedback about an article, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
360<p>If you have a question for The Last Word, or would like to contact the editor of The Last Word, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
361<p>If you would like to contact the author of a feature, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
362<p>If you have an amusing anecdote for the Feedback column, or if you would like to contact the editor of the Feedback column, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
363<p>If you have an enquiry about artwork, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
364<p>If you would like to get in touch with the news desk, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
365<p><strong>Contact us with your technical problems</strong></p>
366<p>If you are experiencing technical difficulties with your New Scientist account, or encounter an issue with the New Scientist website (for example, a broken link) please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
367<p>If you are having trouble accessing your registered newscientist.com account please ensure you have activated your email and created a password following links that were sent to your email address. If you cannot log in after verifying your email, try resetting your password at <a href="/lost-password">newscientist.com/lost-password</a> If you are still experiencing problems, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
368<p><strong>Contact us about New Scientist products and services</strong></p>
369<p>If you would like to advertise a job with New Scientist, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
370<p>If you have an enquiry about New Scientist Live or any of our events, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
371<p>If you would like to order a back issue of New Scientist, please head to <a href="https://shop.newscientist.com/">shop.newscientist.com</a> for the last 3 months of issues, or for up to two years visit <a href="https://mags-uk.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mags-uk.com/</a> or contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
372<p>If you have an enquiry about products sold on our shop or an order you have placed at <a href="https://shop.newscientist.com">shop.newscientist.com</a> please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
373<p><strong>Contact us about a media request</strong></p>
374<p>If you have have a media request, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> or visit our <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/press-room/">press page</a>.</p>
375<p><strong>Contact us for another reason</strong></p>
376<p>If you have an enquiry about syndications, please head to our <a href="/in216-syndication-information/">syndication information page</a></p>
377<p>For all other enquiries, please email <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
378			</div>
379		</article>
380		<aside class="article__sidebar">
381			
382
383<div
384	class="sidebar-newsletter-wrapper"
385	data-js-sidebar-newsletter-sign-up
386	data-js-cms-blockads="1"
387>
388	<div class="sidebar-newsletter">
389		<div class="sidebar-newsletter__icon-wrapper">
390			<svg width="56" height="56" viewBox="0 0 56 56" class="icon-weekly">
391				<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-weekly.svg#icon-weekly"></use>
392			</svg>
393		</div>
394		<header>
395			<h2 class="sidebar-newsletter__heading">Sign up to our weekly newsletter</h2>
396		</header>
397		<p class="sidebar-newsletter__description">
398			Receive a weekly dose of discovery in your inbox. We'll also keep you up to date with <em>New Scientist</em> events and special offers.		</p>
399		<a class="button button--primary" href="/sign-up/weekly/">
400			Sign up			<svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="--fill-color: var(--color-text-inverse, #fff);">
401				<use href="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/icon-arrow-right.svg#icon-arrow-right"></use>
402			</svg>
403		</a>
404	</div>
405</div>
406		</aside>
407	</main>
408				</div> 						<footer id="footer" class="footer" data-component-name="site-footer">
409				<div class="footer__top">
410					<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
411						<p class="footer__title">Download the app</p>
412						<a class="footer__app-link" href="https://www.newscientist.com/appiosnsinternational/" data-geo-link="ios" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
413							<img src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/apple-store.svg" data-src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/apple-store.svg" alt="Download on the apple apps store" width="120" height="41" loading="lazy" />						</a>
414						<a class="footer__app-link" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.newscientist.mobile" data-geo-link="android" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
415							<img src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/google-play.svg" data-src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/themes/newscientist/images/google-play.svg" alt="Download on Google play" width="135" height="41" loading="lazy" />						</a>
416					</div>
417
418					<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
419						<h4 class="footer__title">Find us on social media</h4>
420						<ul class="footer__menu">
421															<li class="footer__social-item">
422									<svg width="0" height="0" style="display:none">
423	<symbol viewbox="0 0 45.817 40.48" id="social-bluesky-white">
424		<path d="M11.159 3.942q0.161 0.135 0.319 0.272l0.199 0.169a22.764 22.764 0 0 1 0.936 0.843q0.116 0.109 0.232 0.217c0.276 0.256 0.548 0.516 0.815 0.782l0.077 0.076c0.15 0.15 0.291 0.306 0.43 0.467 0.083 0.094 0.171 0.182 0.261 0.27 0.139 0.138 0.272 0.279 0.399 0.428q0.114 0.13 0.231 0.255a11.814 11.814 0 0 1 0.546 0.633c0.092 0.112 0.188 0.218 0.286 0.325 0.175 0.19 0.339 0.386 0.501 0.587q0.126 0.154 0.253 0.307a38.037 38.037 0 0 1 0.731 0.91q0.092 0.119 0.185 0.237c0.505 0.647 1.008 1.295 1.476 1.969q0.115 0.165 0.232 0.329c1.284 1.81 2.483 3.688 3.504 5.659 0.065 0.139 0.065 0.139 0.155 0.26l0.055 -0.112q0.13 -0.261 0.261 -0.52l0.044 -0.086c0.301 -0.594 0.641 -1.163 0.984 -1.732l0.073 -0.122a45.241 45.241 0 0 1 1.073 -1.697l0.09 -0.136a61.954 61.954 0 0 1 1.215 -1.762l0.061 -0.085a49.563 49.563 0 0 1 1.086 -1.457l0.113 -0.147a45.241 45.241 0 0 1 0.988 -1.251l0.17 -0.208c0.186 -0.23 0.377 -0.455 0.57 -0.679a15.56 15.56 0 0 0 0.351 -0.423c0.182 -0.224 0.378 -0.433 0.576 -0.644a9.509 9.509 0 0 0 0.259 -0.288 15.272 15.272 0 0 1 0.851 -0.909c0.07 -0.071 0.135 -0.144 0.2 -0.221 0.167 -0.192 0.346 -0.371 0.526 -0.551l0.097 -0.097a9.797 9.797 0 0 1 0.53 -0.494c0.079 -0.069 0.152 -0.141 0.225 -0.216a7.78 7.78 0 0 1 0.474 -0.435l0.128 -0.112c0.998 -0.873 2.041 -1.675 3.192 -2.339l0.082 -0.047c1.606 -0.926 3.644 -1.825 5.532 -1.336 0.718 0.22 1.334 0.667 1.704 1.331 0.503 0.946 0.637 1.966 0.637 3.024v0.099c-0.001 0.743 -0.046 1.481 -0.1 2.221l-0.024 0.331c-0.211 2.999 -0.45 6.004 -0.842 8.985l-0.014 0.106c-0.083 0.632 -0.182 1.267 -0.401 1.868l-0.041 0.115c-0.323 0.884 -0.749 1.713 -1.355 2.438l-0.059 0.071c-0.22 0.263 -0.44 0.526 -0.692 0.759l-0.069 0.064c-1.649 1.486 -3.798 2.203 -5.978 2.427l-0.109 0.012c-0.396 0.037 -0.793 0.034 -1.19 0.033q-0.182 0 -0.363 0c-0.41 0 -0.815 -0.006 -1.224 -0.045l0.094 
4240.022c1.233 0.287 2.442 0.65 3.583 1.204l0.111 0.054c1.055 0.518 2.097 1.214 2.814 2.16l0.084 0.11c0.757 1.017 1.072 2.213 0.909 3.473 -0.205 1.354 -0.918 2.574 -1.784 3.611l-0.099 0.12a13.832 13.832 0 0 1 -0.866 0.933l-0.218 0.217c-0.231 0.231 -0.464 0.457 -0.714 0.667l-0.121 0.105c-0.754 0.647 -1.566 1.215 -2.448 1.674l-0.075 0.039c-1.346 0.691 -2.887 0.918 -4.342 0.465 -0.914 -0.306 -1.695 -0.867 -2.382 -1.532l-0.105 -0.1a7.204 7.204 0 0 1 -0.647 -0.73l-0.093 -0.117c-0.441 -0.56 -0.823 -1.16 -1.172 -1.781l-0.063 -0.111c-0.767 -1.368 -1.332 -2.817 -1.847 -4.294l-0.04 -0.116q-0.056 -0.162 -0.112 -0.324l-0.034 -0.099c-0.078 -0.226 -0.078 -0.226 -0.078 -0.314h-0.119l-0.018 0.071c-0.092 0.354 -0.212 0.698 -0.333 1.043l-0.034 0.096a29.68 29.68 0 0 1 -1.078 2.657 28.816 28.816 0 0 0 -0.116 0.255c-0.55 1.206 -1.259 2.355 -2.137 3.349l-0.091 0.104a14.984 14.984 0 0 1 -0.265 0.291l-0.095 0.103c-1.003 1.047 -2.361 1.74 -3.818 1.793 -1.947 0.036 -3.735 -0.988 -5.179 -2.212l-0.122 -0.102c-0.457 -0.381 -0.887 -0.786 -1.309 -1.204l-0.119 -0.118a8.357 8.357 0 0 1 -0.663 -0.73 11.238 11.238 0 0 0 -0.249 -0.299c-1.027 -1.26 -1.796 -2.901 -1.639 -4.558 0.118 -1.028 0.545 -1.947 1.252 -2.703 0.075 -0.081 0.146 -0.165 0.217 -0.25 0.171 -0.196 0.374 -0.352 0.578 -0.511l0.117 -0.095c1.555 -1.24 3.512 -1.854 5.417 -2.316l-0.082 0.008c-0.433 0.039 -0.865 0.041 -1.299 0.041h-0.122c-2.81 -0.003 -5.588 -0.787 -7.641 -2.78 -0.18 -0.186 -0.341 -0.388 -0.501 -0.591l-0.098 -0.121c-0.575 -0.72 -0.971 -1.547 -1.286 -2.409l-0.034 -0.092c-0.226 -0.635 -0.313 -1.298 -0.401 -1.964l-0.013 -0.099c-0.357 -2.706 -0.569 -5.436 -0.771 -8.157l-0.019 -0.256c-0.16 -2.126 -0.16 -2.126 -0.16 -3.099l0 -0.088c0 -0.567 0.045 -1.14 0.183 -1.691l0.026 -0.105c0.218 -0.847 0.645 -1.625 1.387 -2.121 2.832 -1.595 6.702 1.024 8.826 2.795" fill="#fff" />
425	</symbol>
426	<symbol viewbox="0 0 878 1000" id="social-threads-white">
427		<g>
428			<path d="M446.7,1000h-0.3c-149.2-1-263.9-50.2-341-146.2C36.9,768.3,1.5,649.4,0.3,500.4v-0.7c1.2-149.1,36.6-267.9,105.2-353.4
429				C182.5,50.2,297.3,1,446.4,0h0.3h0.3c114.4,0.8,210.1,30.2,284.4,87.4c69.9,53.8,119.1,130.4,146.2,227.8l-85,23.7
430				c-46-165-162.4-249.3-346-250.6c-121.2,0.9-212.9,39-272.5,113.2C118.4,271,89.6,371.4,88.5,500c1.1,128.6,29.9,229,85.7,298.5
431				c59.6,74.3,151.3,112.4,272.5,113.2c109.3-0.8,181.6-26.3,241.7-85.2c68.6-67.2,67.4-149.7,45.4-199.9
432				c-12.9-29.6-36.4-54.2-68.1-72.9c-8,56.3-25.9,101.9-53.5,136.3c-36.9,45.9-89.2,71-155.4,74.6c-50.1,2.7-98.4-9.1-135.8-33.4
433				c-44.3-28.7-70.2-72.5-73-123.5c-2.7-49.6,17-95.2,55.4-128.4c36.7-31.7,88.3-50.3,149.3-53.8c44.9-2.5,87-0.5,125.8,5.9
434				c-5.2-30.9-15.6-55.5-31.2-73.2c-21.4-24.4-54.5-36.8-98.3-37.1c-0.4,0-0.8,0-1.2,0c-35.2,0-83,9.7-113.4,55L261.2,327
435				c40.8-60.6,107-94,186.6-94c0.6,0,1.2,0,1.8,0c133.1,0.8,212.4,82.3,220.3,224.5c4.5,1.9,9,3.9,13.4,5.9
436				c62.1,29.2,107.5,73.4,131.4,127.9c33.2,75.9,36.3,199.6-64.5,298.3C673.1,965,579.6,999.1,447,1000L446.7,1000L446.7,1000z
437					M488.5,512.9c-10.1,0-20.3,0.3-30.8,0.9c-76.5,4.3-124.2,39.4-121.5,89.3c2.8,52.3,60.5,76.6,116,73.6
438				c51-2.7,117.4-22.6,128.6-154.6C552.6,516,521.7,512.9,488.5,512.9z" fill="#fff" />
439		</g>
440	</symbol>
441	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 24" id="social-instagram-white">
442		<path d="M8.6 2H17c3.2 0 5.8 2.6 5.8 5.8v8.4c0 3.2-2.6 5.8-5.8 5.8H8.6c-3.2 0-5.8-2.6-5.8-5.8V7.8C2.8 4.6 5.4 2 8.6 2Zm-.2 2C6.41 4 4.8 5.61 4.8 7.6v8.8c0 1.99 1.61 3.6 3.6 3.6h8.8c1.99 0 3.6-1.61 3.6-3.6V7.6c0-1.99-1.61-3.6-3.6-3.6H8.4Zm9.65 1.5a1.25 1.25 0 1 1 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 1 0-2.5ZM12.8 7c2.76 0 5 2.24 5 5s-2.24 5-5 5-5-2.24-5-5 2.24-5 5-5Zm0 2c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3 3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3Z" fill="#fff" />
443	</symbol>
444	<symbol viewbox="0 0 24 24" id="social-linkedin-white">
445		<path d="M5.857 4.125a2.178 2.178 0 0 1-2.17 2.188c-1.198 0-2.17-.98-2.17-2.188 0-1.208.972-2.188 2.17-2.188 1.2 0 2.17.98 2.17 2.188Zm.018 3.938H1.5v14h4.375v-14Zm6.984 0H8.512v14h4.348v-7.35c0-4.086 5.276-4.42 5.276 0v7.35H22.5v-8.865c0-6.895-7.807-6.644-9.64-3.25V8.062Z" fill="#fff" />
446	</symbol>
447	<symbol viewbox="0 0 12 20" id="social-meta-white">
448		<path d="M10.8 0V4H8.79999C8.10999 4 7.79999 4.81 7.79999 5.5V8H10.8V12H7.79999V20H3.79999V12H0.799988V8H3.79999V4C3.79999 1.79 5.58999 0 7.79999 0H10.8Z" fill="white" />
449	</symbol>
450	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 24" id="social-tiktok-white">
451		<path d="M20.122 5.562a5.124 5.124 0 0 1-.443-.258 6.228 6.228 0 0 1-1.137-.967c-.849-.97-1.166-1.955-1.282-2.645h.004c-.097-.572-.057-.942-.05-.942h-3.865v14.942c0 .2 0 .4-.008.595 0 .024-.003.047-.004.073 0 .011 0 .022-.003.034v.008a3.281 3.281 0 0 1-1.65 2.604 3.225 3.225 0 0 1-1.6.422c-1.8 0-3.26-1.468-3.26-3.281 0-1.813 1.46-3.281 3.26-3.281.341 0 .68.053 1.004.159l.005-3.935a7.179 7.179 0 0 0-5.531 1.618 7.583 7.583 0 0 0-1.655 2.04c-.163.282-.779 1.412-.853 3.246-.047 1.041.266 2.12.415 2.566v.009c.093.262.457 1.158 1.049 1.914a7.855 7.855 0 0 0 1.674 1.579v-.01l.009.01c1.87 1.27 3.945 1.188 3.945 1.188.36-.015 1.562 0 2.928-.648 1.515-.718 2.377-1.787 2.377-1.787a7.426 7.426 0 0 0 1.296-2.153c.35-.919.466-2.021.466-2.462V8.272c.047.029.672.442.672.442s.9.576 2.303.952c1.006.267 2.363.323 2.363.323V6.153c-.475.051-1.44-.099-2.429-.591Z" fill="#fff" />
452	</symbol>
453	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 26" id="social-x-white">
454		<path fill="#fff" d="M14.736 10.936 23.486.773h-2.074l-7.597 8.824L7.747.773H.748l9.176 13.344L.748 24.773h2.074l8.023-9.318 6.408 9.318h6.999l-9.516-13.837Zm-2.84 3.298-.93-1.328L3.57 2.333h3.185l5.97 8.532.93 1.329 7.76 11.09h-3.186l-6.332-9.05Z" />
455	</symbol>
456	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-whatsapp-white">
457		<path d="M19.11 17.205c-.372 0-1.088 1.39-1.518 1.39a.63.63 0 0 1-.315-.1c-.802-.402-1.504-.817-2.163-1.447-.545-.516-1.146-1.29-1.46-1.963a.426.426 0 0 1-.073-.215c0-.33.99-.945.99-1.49 0-.143-.73-2.09-.832-2.335-.143-.372-.214-.487-.6-.487-.187 0-.36-.043-.53-.043-.302 0-.53.115-.746.315-.688.645-1.032 1.318-1.06 2.264v.114c-.015.99.472 1.977 1.017 2.78 1.23 1.82 2.506 3.41 4.554 4.34.616.287 2.035.888 2.722.888.817 0 2.15-.515 2.478-1.318.13-.33.244-.73.244-1.088 0-.058 0-.144-.03-.215-.1-.172-2.434-1.39-2.678-1.39zm-2.908 7.593c-1.747 0-3.48-.53-4.942-1.49L7.793 24.41l1.132-3.337a8.955 8.955 0 0 1-1.72-5.272c0-4.955 4.04-8.995 8.997-8.995S25.2 10.845 25.2 15.8c0 4.958-4.04 8.998-8.998 8.998zm0-19.798c-5.96 0-10.8 4.842-10.8 10.8 0 1.964.53 3.898 1.546 5.574L5 27.176l5.974-1.92a10.807 10.807 0 0 0 16.03-9.455c0-5.958-4.842-10.8-10.802-10.8z" fill="#fff" />
458	</symbol>
459	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-reddit-white">
460		<path d="M27 15.5a2.452 2.452 0 0 1-1.338 2.21c.098.38.147.777.147 1.19 0 1.283-.437 2.47-1.308 3.563-.872 1.092-2.06 1.955-3.567 2.588-1.506.634-3.143.95-4.91.95-1.768 0-3.403-.316-4.905-.95-1.502-.632-2.69-1.495-3.56-2.587-.872-1.092-1.308-2.28-1.308-3.562 0-.388.045-.777.135-1.166a2.47 2.47 0 0 1-1.006-.912c-.253-.4-.38-.842-.38-1.322 0-.678.237-1.26.712-1.744a2.334 2.334 0 0 1 1.73-.726c.697 0 1.29.26 1.78.782 1.785-1.258 3.893-1.928 6.324-2.01l1.424-6.467a.42.42 0 0 1 .184-.26.4.4 0 0 1 .32-.063l4.53 1.006c.147-.306.368-.553.662-.74a1.78 1.78 0 0 1 .97-.278c.508 0 .94.18 1.302.54.36.36.54.796.54 1.31 0 .512-.18.95-.54 1.315-.36.364-.794.546-1.302.546-.507 0-.94-.18-1.295-.54a1.793 1.793 0 0 1-.533-1.308l-4.1-.92-1.277 5.86c2.455.074 4.58.736 6.37 1.985a2.315 2.315 0 0 1 1.757-.757c.68 0 1.256.242 1.73.726.476.484.713 1.066.713 1.744zm-16.868 2.47c0 .513.178.95.534 1.315.356.365.787.547 1.295.547.508 0 .942-.182 1.302-.547.36-.364.54-.802.54-1.315 0-.513-.18-.95-.54-1.31-.36-.36-.794-.54-1.3-.54-.5 0-.93.183-1.29.547a1.79 1.79 0 0 0-.54 1.303zm9.944 4.406c.09-.09.135-.2.135-.323a.444.444 0 0 0-.44-.447c-.124 0-.23.042-.32.124-.336.348-.83.605-1.486.77a7.99 7.99 0 0 1-1.964.248 7.99 7.99 0 0 1-1.964-.248c-.655-.165-1.15-.422-1.486-.77a.456.456 0 0 0-.32-.124.414.414 0 0 0-.306.124.41.41 0 0 0-.135.317.45.45 0 0 0 .134.33c.352.355.837.636 1.455.843.617.207 1.118.33 1.503.366a11.6 11.6 0 0 0 1.117.056c.36 0 .733-.02 1.117-.056.385-.037.886-.16 1.504-.366.62-.207 1.104-.488 1.456-.844zm-.037-2.544c.507 0 .938-.182 1.294-.547.356-.364.534-.802.534-1.315 0-.505-.18-.94-.54-1.303a1.75 1.75 0 0 0-1.29-.546c-.506 0-.94.18-1.3.54-.36.36-.54.797-.54 1.31s.18.95.54 1.315c.36.365.794.547 1.3.547z" fill="#fff" />
461	</symbol>
462	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-email-white">
463		<g>
464			<path d="M27 22.757c0 1.24-.988 2.243-2.19 2.243H7.19C5.98 25 5 23.994 5 22.757V13.67c0-.556.39-.773.855-.496l8.78 5.238c.782.467 1.95.467 2.73 0l8.78-5.238c.472-.28.855-.063.855.495v9.087z" fill="#fff" />
465			<path d="M27 9.243C27 8.006 26.02 7 24.81 7H7.19C5.988 7 5 8.004 5 9.243v.465c0 .554.385 1.232.857 1.514l9.61 5.733c.267.16.8.16 1.067 0l9.61-5.733c.473-.283.856-.96.856-1.514v-.465z" fill="#fff" />
466		</g>
467	</symbol>
468	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-print-white">
469		<path d="M24.67 10.62h-2.86V7.49H10.82v3.12H7.95c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v7.66h3.77v1.31L15 24.66h6.81v-5.44h3.77v-7.7c-.01-.5-.41-.9-.91-.9zM11.88 8.56h8.86v2.06h-8.86V8.56zm10.98 9.18h-1.05v-2.1h-1.06v7.96H16.4c-1.58 0-.82-3.74-.82-3.74s-3.65.89-3.69-.78v-3.43h-1.06v2.06H9.77v-3.58h13.09v3.61zm.75-4.91c-.4 0-.72-.32-.72-.72s.32-.72.72-.72c.4 0 .72.32.72.72s-.32.72-.72.72zm-4.12 2.96h-6.1v1.06h6.1v-1.06zm-6.11 3.15h6.1v-1.06h-6.1v1.06z" fill="#fff" />
470	</symbol>
471	<symbol viewbox="0 0 45.817 40.48" id="social-bluesky-black">
472		<path d="M11.159 3.942q0.161 0.135 0.319 0.272l0.199 0.169a22.764 22.764 0 0 1 0.936 0.843q0.116 0.109 0.232 0.217c0.276 0.256 0.548 0.516 0.815 0.782l0.077 0.076c0.15 0.15 0.291 0.306 0.43 0.467 0.083 0.094 0.171 0.182 0.261 0.27 0.139 0.138 0.272 0.279 
4720.399 0.428q0.114 0.13 0.231 0.255a11.814 11.814 0 0 1 0.546 0.633c0.092 0.112 0.188 0.218 0.286 0.325 0.175 0.19 0.339 0.386 0.501 0.587q0.126 0.154 0.253 0.307a38.037 38.037 0 0 1 0.731 0.91q0.092 0.119 0.185 0.237c0.505 0.647 1.008 1.295 1.476 1.969q0.115 0.165 0.232 0.329c1.284 1.81 2.483 3.688 3.504 5.659 0.065 0.139 0.065 0.139 0.155 0.26l0.055 -0.112q0.13 -0.261 0.261 -0.52l0.044 -0.086c0.301 -0.594 0.641 -1.163 0.984 -1.732l0.073 -0.122a45.241 45.241 0 0 1 1.073 -1.697l0.09 -0.136a61.954 61.954 0 0 1 1.215 -1.762l0.061 -0.085a49.563 49.563 0 0 1 1.086 -1.457l0.113 -0.147a45.241 45.241 0 0 1 0.988 -1.251l0.17 -0.208c0.186 -0.23 0.377 -0.455 0.57 -0.679a15.56 15.56 0 0 0 0.351 -0.423c0.182 -0.224 0.378 -0.433 0.576 -0.644a9.509 9.509 0 0 0 0.259 -0.288 15.272 15.272 0 0 1 0.851 -0.909c0.07 -0.071 0.135 -0.144 0.2 -0.221 0.167 -0.192 0.346 -0.371 0.526 -0.551l0.097 -0.097a9.797 9.797 0 0 1 0.53 -0.494c0.079 -0.069 0.152 -0.141 0.225 -0.216a7.78 7.78 0 0 1 0.474 -0.435l0.128 -0.112c0.998 -0.873 2.041 -1.675 3.192 -2.339l0.082 -0.047c1.606 -0.926 3.644 -1.825 5.532 -1.336 0.718 0.22 1.334 0.667 1.704 1.331 0.503 0.946 0.637 1.966 0.637 3.024v0.099c-0.001 0.743 -0.046 1.481 -0.1 2.221l-0.024 0.331c-0.211 2.999 -0.45 6.004 -0.842 8.985l-0.014 0.106c-0.083 0.632 -0.182 1.267 -0.401 1.868l-0.041 0.115c-0.323 0.884 -0.749 1.713 -1.355 2.438l-0.059 0.071c-0.22 0.263 -0.44 0.526 -0.692 0.759l-0.069 0.064c-1.649 1.486 -3.798 2.203 -5.978 2.427l-0.109 0.012c-0.396 0.037 -0.793 0.034 -1.19 0.033q-0.182 0 -0.363 0c-0.41 0 -0.815 -0.006 -1.224 -0.045l0.094 0.022c1.233 0.287 2.442 0.65 3.583 1.204l0.111 0.054c1.055 0.518 2.097 1.214 2.814 2.16l0.084 0.11c0.757 1.017 1.072 2.213 0.909 3.473 -0.205 1.354 -0.918 2.574 -1.784 3.611l-0.099 0.12a13.832 13.832 0 0 1 -0.866 0.933l-0.218 0.217c-0.231 0.231 -0.464 0.457 -0.714 0.667l-0.121 0.105c-0.754 0.647 -1.566 1.215 -2.448 1.674l-0.075 0.039c-1.346 0.691 -2.887 0.918 -4.342 0.465 -0.914 -0.306 -1.695 -0.867 -2.382 -1.532l-0.105 -0.1a7.204 7.204 0 0 1 -0.647 -0.73l-0.093 -0.117c-0.441 -0.56 -0.823 -1.
47216 -1.172 -1.781l-0.063 -0.111c-0.767 -1.368 -1.332 -2.817 -1.847 -4.294l-0.04 -0.116q-0.056 -0.162 -0.112 -0.324l-0.034 -0.099c-0.078 -0.226 -0.078 -0.226 -0.078 -0.314h-0.119l-0.018 0.071c-0.092 0.354 -0.212 0.698 -0.333 1.043l-0.034 0.096a29.68 29.68 0 0 1 -1.078 2.657 28.816 28.816 0 0 0 -0.116 0.255c-0.55 1.206 -1.259 2.355 -2.137 3.349l-0.091 0.104a14.984 14.984 0 0 1 -0.265 0.291l-0.095 0.103c-1.003 1.047 -2.361 1.74 -3.818 1.793 -1.947 0.036 -3.735 -0.988 -5.179 -2.212l-0.122 -0.102c-0.457 -0.381 -0.887 -0.786 -1.309 -1.204l-0.119 -0.118a8.357 8.357 0 0 1 -0.663 -0.73 11.238 11.238 0 0 0 -0.249 -0.299c-1.027 -1.26 -1.796 -2.901 -1.639 -4.558 0.118 -1.028 0.545 -1.947 1.252 -2.703 0.075 -0.081 0.146 -0.165 0.217 -0.25 0.171 -0.196 0.374 -0.352 0.578 -0.511l0.117 -0.095c1.555 -1.24 3.512 -1.854 5.417 -2.316l-0.082 0.008c-0.433 0.039 -0.865 0.041 -1.299 0.041h-0.122c-2.81 -0.003 -5.588 -0.787 -7.641 -2.78 -0.18 -0.186 -0.341 -0.388 -0.501 -0.591l-0.098 -0.121c-0.575 -0.72 -0.971 -1.547 -1.286 -2.409l-0.034 -0.092c-0.226 -0.635 -0.313 -1.298 -0.401 -1.964l-0.013 -0.099c-0.357 -2.706 -0.569 -5.436 -0.771 -8.157l-0.019 -0.256c-0.16 -2.126 -0.16 -2.126 -0.16 -3.099l0 -0.088c0 -0.567 0.045 -1.14 0.183 -1.691l0.026 -0.105c0.218 -0.847 0.645 -1.625 1.387 -2.121 2.832 -1.595 6.702 1.024 8.826 2.795" fill="#000" />
473	</symbol>
474	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 24" id="social-instagram-black">
475		<path d="M8.6 2H17c3.2 0 5.8 2.6 5.8 5.8v8.4c0 3.2-2.6 5.8-5.8 5.8H8.6c-3.2 0-5.8-2.6-5.8-5.8V7.8C2.8 4.6 5.4 2 8.6 2Zm-.2 2C6.41 4 4.8 5.61 4.8 7.6v8.8c0 1.99 1.61 3.6 3.6 3.6h8.8c1.99 0 3.6-1.61 3.6-3.6V7.6c0-1.99-1.61-3.6-3.6-3.6H8.4Zm9.65 1.5a1.25 1.25 0 1 1 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 1 0-2.5ZM12.8 7c2.76 0 5 2.24 5 5s-2.24 5-5 5-5-2.24-5-5 2.24-5 5-5Zm0 2c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3 3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3Z" fill="#000" />
476	</symbol>
477	<symbol viewbox="0 0 24 24" id="social-linkedin-black">
478		<path d="M5.857 4.125a2.178 2.178 0 0 1-2.17 2.188c-1.198 0-2.17-.98-2.17-2.188 0-1.208.972-2.188 2.17-2.188 1.2 0 2.17.98 2.17 2.188Zm.018 3.938H1.5v14h4.375v-14Zm6.984 0H8.512v14h4.348v-7.35c0-4.086 5.276-4.42 5.276 0v7.35H22.5v-8.865c0-6.895-7.807-6.644-9.64-3.25V8.062Z" fill="#000" />
479	</symbol>
480	<symbol viewbox="0 0 12 20" id="social-meta-black">
481		<path d="M10.8 0V4H8.79999C8.10999 4 7.79999 4.81 7.79999 5.5V8H10.8V12H7.79999V20H3.79999V12H0.799988V8H3.79999V4C3.79999 1.79 5.58999 0 7.79999 0H10.8Z" fill="#000" />
482	</symbol>
483	<symbol viewbox="0 0 878 1000" id="social-threads-black">
484		<g>
485			<path d="M446.7,1000h-0.3c-149.2-1-263.9-50.2-341-146.2C36.9,768.3,1.5,649.4,0.3,500.4v-0.7c1.2-149.1,36.6-267.9,105.2-353.4
486				C182.5,50.2,297.3,1,446.4,0h0.3h0.3c114.4,0.8,210.1,30.2,284.4,87.4c69.9,53.8,119.1,130.4,146.2,227.8l-85,23.7
487				c-46-165-162.4-249.3-346-250.6c-121.2,0.9-212.9,39-272.5,113.2C118.4,271,89.6,371.4,88.5,500c1.1,128.6,29.9,229,85.7,298.5
488				c59.6,74.3,151.3,112.4,272.5,113.2c109.3-0.8,181.6-26.3,241.7-85.2c68.6-67.2,67.4-149.7,45.4-199.9
489				c-12.9-29.6-36.4-54.2-68.1-72.9c-8,56.3-25.9,101.9-53.5,136.3c-36.9,45.9-89.2,71-155.4,74.6c-50.1,2.7-98.4-9.1-135.8-33.4
490				c-44.3-28.7-70.2-72.5-73-123.5c-2.7-49.6,17-95.2,55.4-128.4c36.7-31.7,88.3-50.3,149.3-53.8c44.9-2.5,87-0.5,125.8,5.9
491				c-5.2-30.9-15.6-55.5-31.2-73.2c-21.4-24.4-54.5-36.8-98.3-37.1c-0.4,0-0.8,0-1.2,0c-35.2,0-83,9.7-113.4,55L261.2,327
492				c40.8-60.6,107-94,186.6-94c0.6,0,1.2,0,1.8,0c133.1,0.8,212.4,82.3,220.3,224.5c4.5,1.9,9,3.9,13.4,5.9
493				c62.1,29.2,107.5,73.4,131.4,127.9c33.2,75.9,36.3,199.6-64.5,298.3C673.1,965,579.6,999.1,447,1000L446.7,1000L446.7,1000z
494					M488.5,512.9c-10.1,0-20.3,0.3-30.8,0.9c-76.5,4.3-124.2,39.4-121.5,89.3c2.8,52.3,60.5,76.6,116,73.6
495				c51-2.7,117.4-22.6,128.6-154.6C552.6,516,521.7,512.9,488.5,512.9z" fill="#000" />
496		</g>
497	</symbol>
498	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 24" id="social-tiktok-black">
499		<path d="M20.122 5.562a5.124 5.124 0 0 1-.443-.258 6.228 6.228 0 0 1-1.137-.967c-.849-.97-1.166-1.955-1.282-2.645h.004c-.097-.572-.057-.942-.05-.942h-3.865v14.942c0 .2 0 .4-.008.595 0 .024-.003.047-.004.073 0 .011 0 .022-.003.034v.008a3.281 3.281 0 0 1-1.65 2.604 3.225 3.225 0 0 1-1.6.422c-1.8 0-3.26-1.468-3.26-3.281 0-1.813 1.46-3.281 3.26-3.281.341 0 .68.053 1.004.159l.005-3.935a7.179 7.179 0 0 0-5.531 1.618 7.583 7.583 0 0 0-1.655 2.04c-.163.282-.779 1.412-.853 3.246-.047 1.041.266 2.12.415 2.566v.009c.093.262.457 1.158 1.049 1.914a7.855 7.855 0 0 0 1.674 1.579v-.01l.009.01c1.87 1.27 3.945 1.188 3.945 1.188.36-.015 1.562 0 2.928-.648 1.515-.718 2.377-1.787 2.377-1.787a7.426 7.426 0 0 0 1.296-2.153c.35-.919.466-2.021.466-2.462V8.272c.047.029.672.442.672.442s.9.576 2.303.952c1.006.267 2.363.323 2.363.323V6.153c-.475.051-1.44-.099-2.429-.591Z" fill="#000" />
500	</symbol>
501	<symbol viewbox="0 0 25 26" id="social-x-black">
502		<path d="M14.736 10.936 23.486.773h-2.074l-7.597 8.824L7.747.773H.748l9.176 13.344L.748 24.773h2.074l8.023-9.318 6.408 9.318h6.999l-9.516-13.837Zm-2.84 3.298-.93-1.328L3.57 2.333h3.185l5.97 8.532.93 1.329 7.76 11.09h-3.186l-6.332-9.05Z" fill="#000" />
503	</symbol>
504	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-whatsapp-black">
505		<path d="M19.11 17.205c-.372 0-1.088 1.39-1.518 1.39a.63.63 0 0 1-.315-.1c-.802-.402-1.504-.817-2.163-1.447-.545-.516-1.146-1.29-1.46-1.963a.426.426 0 0 1-.073-.215c0-.33.99-.945.99-1.49 0-.143-.73-2.09-.832-2.335-.143-.372-.214-.487-.6-.487-.187 0-.36-.043-.53-.043-.302 0-.53.115-.746.315-.688.645-1.032 1.318-1.06 2.264v.114c-.015.99.472 1.977 1.017 2.78 1.23 1.82 2.506 3.41 4.554 4.34.616.287 2.035.888 2.722.888.817 0 2.15-.515 2.478-1.318.13-.33.244-.73.244-1.088 0-.058 0-.144-.03-.215-.1-.172-2.434-1.39-2.678-1.39zm-2.908 7.593c-1.747 0-3.48-.53-4.942-1.49L7.793 24.41l1.132-3.337a8.955 8.955 0 0 1-1.72-5.272c0-4.955 4.04-8.995 8.997-8.995S25.2 10.845 25.2 15.8c0 4.958-4.04 8.998-8.998 8.998zm0-19.798c-5.96 0-10.8 4.842-10.8 10.8 0 1.964.53 3.898 1.546 5.574L5 27.176l5.974-1.92a10.807 10.807 0 0 0 16.03-9.455c0-5.958-4.842-10.8-10.802-10.8z" fill="#000" />
506	</symbol>
507	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-reddit-black">
508		<path d="M27 15.5a2.452 2.452 0 0 1-1.338 2.21c.098.38.147.777.147 1.19 0 1.283-.437 2.47-1.308 3.563-.872 1.092-2.06 1.955-3.567 2.588-1.506.634-3.143.95-4.91.95-1.768 0-3.403-.316-4.905-.95-1.502-.632-2.69-1.495-3.56-2.587-.872-1.092-1.308-2.28-1.308-3.562 0-.388.045-.777.135-1.166a2.47 2.47 0 0 1-1.006-.912c-.253-.4-.38-.842-.38-1.322 0-.678.237-1.26.712-1.744a2.334 2.334 0 0 1 1.73-.726c.697 0 1.29.26 1.78.782 1.785-1.258 3.893-1.928 6.324-2.01l1.424-6.467a.42.42 0 0 1 .184-.26.4.4 0 0 1 .32-.063l4.53 1.006c.147-.306.368-.553.662-.74a1.78 1.78 0 0 1 .97-.278c.508 0 .94.18 1.302.54.36.36.54.796.54 1.31 0 .512-.18.95-.54 1.315-.36.364-.794.546-1.302.546-.507 0-.94-.18-1.295-.54a1.793 1.793 0 0 1-.533-1.308l-4.1-.92-1.277 5.86c2.455.074 4.58.736 6.37 1.985a2.315 2.315 0 0 1 1.757-.757c.68 0 1.256.242 1.73.726.476.484.713 1.066.713 1.744zm-16.868 2.47c0 .513.178.95.534 1.315.356.365.787.547 1.295.547.508 0 .942-.182 1.302-.547.36-.364.54-.802.54-1.315 0-.513-.18-.95-.54-1.31-.36-.36-.794-.54-1.3-.54-.5 0-.93.183-1.29.547a1.79 1.79 0 0 0-.54 1.303zm9.944 4.406c.09-.09.135-.2.135-.323a.444.444 0 0 0-.44-.447c-.124 0-.23.042-.32.124-.336.348-.83.605-1.486.77a7.99 7.99 0 0 1-1.964.248 7.99 7.99 0 0 1-1.964-.248c-.655-.165-1.15-.422-1.486-.77a.456.456 0 0 0-.32-.124.414.414 0 0 0-.306.124.41.41 0 0 0-.135.317.45.45 0 0 0 .134.33c.352.355.837.636 1.455.843.617.207 1.118.33 1.503.366a11.6 11.6 0 0 0 1.117.056c.36 0 .733-.02 1.117-.056.385-.037.886-.16 1.504-.366.62-.207 1.104-.488 1.456-.844zm-.037-2.544c.507 0 .938-.182 1.294-.547.356-.364.534-.802.534-1.315 0-.505-.18-.94-.54-1.303a1.75 1.75 0 0 0-1.29-.546c-.506 0-.94.18-1.3.54-.36.36-.54.797-.54 1.31s.18.95.54 1.315c.36.365.794.547 1.3.547z" fill="#000" />
509	</symbol>
510	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-email-black">
511		<g>
512			<path d="M27 22.757c0 1.24-.988 2.243-2.19 2.243H7.19C5.98 25 5 23.994 5 22.757V13.67c0-.556.39-.773.855-.496l8.78 5.238c.782.467 1.95.467 2.73 0l8.78-5.238c.472-.28.855-.063.855.495v9.087z" fill="#000" />
513			<path d="M27 9.243C27 8.006 26.02 7 24.81 7H7.19C5.988 7 5 8.004 5 9.243v.465c0 .554.385 1.232.857 1.514l9.61 5.733c.267.16.8.16 1.067 0l9.61-5.733c.473-.283.856-.96.856-1.514v-.465z" fill="#000" />
514		</g>
515	</symbol>
516	<symbol viewbox="0 0 32 32" id="social-print-black">
517		<path d="M24.67 10.62h-2.86V7.49H10.82v3.12H7.95c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v7.66h3.77v1.31L15 24.66h6.81v-5.44h3.77v-7.7c-.01-.5-.41-.9-.91-.9zM11.88 8.56h8.86v2.06h-8.86V8.56zm10.98 9.18h-1.05v-2.1h-1.06v7.96H16.4c-1.58 0-.82-3.74-.82-3.74s-3.65.89-3.69-.78v-3.43h-1.06v2.06H9.77v-3.58h13.09v3.61zm.75-4.91c-.4 0-.72-.32-.72-.72s.32-.72.72-.72c.4 0 .72.32.72.72s-.32.72-.72.72zm-4.12 2.96h-6.1v1.06h6.1v-1.06zm-6.11 3.15h6.1v-1.06h-6.1v1.06z" fill="#000" />
518	</symbol>
519</svg><svg><title>Instagram</title><use xlink:href="#social-instagram-white" href="#social-instagram-white" /></svg><span>
519<a href="https://www.instagram.com/newscientist" class="link-underline link-underline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></span>								</li>
520															<li class="footer__social-item">
521									<svg><title>Facebook</title><use xlink:href="#social-meta-white" href="#social-meta-white" /></svg><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/newscientist" class="link-underline link-underline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></span>								</li>
522															<li class="footer__social-item">
523									<svg><title>X / Twitter</title><use xlink:href="#social-x-white" href="#social-x-white" /></svg><span><a href="https://www.twitter.com/newscientist" class="link-underline link-underline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">X / Twitter</a></span>								</li>
524															<li class="footer__social-item">
525									<svg><title>Tiktok</title><use xlink:href="#social-tiktok-white" href="#social-tiktok-white" /></svg><span><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@newscientist" class="link-underline link-underline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Tiktok</a></span>								</li>
526															<li class="footer__social-item">
527									<svg><title>LinkedIn</title><use xlink:href="#social-linkedin-white" href="#social-linkedin-white" /></svg><span><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/new-scientist/" class="link-underline link-un
527derline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">LinkedIn</a></span>								</li>
528															<li class="footer__social-item">
529									<svg><title>BlueSky</title><use xlink:href="#social-bluesky-white" href="#social-bluesky-white" /></svg><span><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/newscientist.com" class="link-underline link-underline--white" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">BlueSky</a></span>								</li>
530													</ul>
531					</div>
532
533											<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
534							<h4 class="footer__title">Subscriptions</h4>
535							<ul id="menu-subscriptions" class="footer__menu"><li id="menu-item-2548979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548979"><a href="/benefits/">Subscriber benefits</a></li>
536<li id="menu-item-2548981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548981"><a href="https://newscientist.com/latestgift" data-sub-link="footergifts" data-event-type="link_click">Gift</a></li>
537<li id="menu-item-2548983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548983"><a href="/student-discount/">Student &#038; graduate</a></li>
538<li id="menu-item-2548985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548985"><a href="https://landing.newscientist.com/group-subscriptions/">Educational</a></li>
539<li id="menu-item-2548987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548987"><a href="https://landing.newscientist.com/group-subscriptions/">Corporate</a></li>
540</ul>						</div>
541											<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
542							<h4 class="footer__title">Support</h4>
543							<ul id="menu-support" class="footer__menu"><li id="menu-item-2548990" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2548990"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
544<li id="menu-item-2548992" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2548992"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/help/">FAQs</a></li>
545<li id="menu-item-2548994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2548994"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/about/">About us</a></li>
546<li id="menu-item-2548996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2548996"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/press-room/">Press room</a></li>
547<li id="menu-item-2548998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2548998"><a href="https://experience.newscientist.com/advertise?_gl=1*1hlkx99*_gcl_au*MTkzMTUyMDA2My4xNzUwODYxOTI4*_ga*MTA0OTcxNDU3LjE3NTA4NjE5Mjc.*_ga_N0NXS34EMT*czE3NTM4OTM0MDMkbzU2JGcxJHQxNzUzODk0MDE3JGo2MCRsMCRoMA..">Advertise</a></li>
548<li id="menu-item-2549001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549001"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/freelancers/">Write for us</a></li>
549</ul>						</div>
550											<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
551							<h4 class="footer__title">Tools</h4>
552							<ul id="menu-tools" class="footer__menu"><li id="menu-item-2549003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2549003"><a href="/science-events/">Events</a></li>
553<li id="menu-item-2549005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2549005"><a href="https://colab.newscientist.com/?_gl=1*r2t7ky*_gcl_au*MTkzMTUyMDA2My4xNzUwODYxOTI4*_ga*MTA0OTcxNDU3LjE3NTA4NjE5Mjc.*_ga_N0NXS34EMT*czE3NTM4OTM0MDMkbzU2JGcxJHQxNzUzODkzNjAyJGoxNSRsMCRoMA..">CoLab</a></li>
554<li id="menu-item-2549007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549007"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/in216-syndication-information/">Syndication</a></li>
555<li id="menu-item-2549009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549009"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/rss-feeds/">RSS feeds</a></li>
556</ul>						</div>
557											<div class="footer__content-wrapper">
558							<h4 class="footer__title">Legal and privacy</h4>
559							<ul id="menu-legal-and-privacy" class="footer__menu"><li id="menu-item-2549012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549012"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/complaint-policy/">Complaint policy</a></li>
560<li id="menu-item-2549014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549014"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/privacy/">Privacy policy</a></li>
561<li id="menu-item-2549016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2549016"><a href="/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li>
562<li id="menu-item-2549018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2549018"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/terms/">Terms &#038; conditions</a></li>
563<li id="menu-item-2549020" class="cmp-settings-toggle menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2549020"><a href="/">Cookie Settings</a></li>
564</ul>						</div>
565									</div>
566				<div class="footer__bottom">
567					<div class="footer__copyright-wrapper">
568						<h4 class="footer__copyright-title">&copy; Copyright New Scientist Ltd. </h4>
569						<button class="footer__scroll-to-top-button" type="button" id="ScrollToTopBtn">
570							<span class="footer__scroll-to-top-text link-underline link-underline--white">Back to the top</span>
571							<span type="button" class="footer__scroll-to-top-icon"></span>
572						</button>
573					</div>
574				</div>
575			</footer>
576		</div>		
576<script id="piano-variable-init" data-auth-state="no-auth">
577	var tp = window.tp || [];
578</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 578
578
579<script id="piano-library">(function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("https://c2.newscientist.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=rba4f1Zcpe");</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 579
579
580<script id="piano-config">
581    var tp = window.tp || [];
582    window.pdl = window.pdl || {};
583    window.pdl.requireConsent = 'v2';
584	window.QSS_ROUTE_MISSING_ISSUE = "https://subscribe.newscientist.com/myaccount/needhelp.aspx";
585	window.QSS_ROUTE_NEED_HELP = "https://subscribe.newscientist.com/myaccount/needhelp.aspx";
586    window.PIANO_MESSAGE_ORIGIN = 'https://vx.newscientist.com';
587    window.PIANO_MESSAGE_ORIGIN_SELECTOR = 'iframe[id*=offer][src*=vx\\.newscientist\\.com]';
588    window.PIANO_ID_MESSAGE_ORIGIN = 'https://auth.newscientist.com';
589    window.PIANO_ID_MESSAGE_ORIGIN_SELECTOR = 'iframe[id*=piano-id][src*=auth\\.newscientist\\.com]';
590
591	window.PIANO_MESSAGE_TARGETS = [
592		{
593			origin: window.PIANO_MESSAGE_ORIGIN,
594			selector: window.PIANO_MESSAGE_ORIGIN_SELECTOR,
595		},
596		{
597			origin: window.PIANO_ID_MESSAGE_ORIGIN,
598			selector: window.PIANO_ID_MESSAGE_ORIGIN_SELECTOR,
599		},
600	].filter(({ origin, selector }) => origin && selector);
601
602	window?.tp?.push(['setComposerHost', 'https://c2.newscientist.com']);
603	window?.tp?.push(['setPianoIdUrl', 'https://auth.newscientist.com']);
604	window?.tp?.push(['setEndpoint', 'https://vx.newscientist.com']);
605	window?.tp?.push(['setStaticDomain', 'https://pcdn.newscientist.com']);
606
607    /**
608     * Checks for user consent using TCF or USP APIs and sets Piano
609     * opt-in if consent is given.
610     *
611     * @param {object} tp - The Piano object used to set consent purposes.
612     */
613    function checkConsentAndSetOptIn(tp) {
614        // Check for TCF consent API (EU GDPR)
615        if (window.__tcfapi) {
616            window.__tcfapi('getValidTCData', 2, (tcData, success) => {
617                if (success && tcData && tcData.tcfPolicyVersion) {
618                    window.__tcfapi('getConsentDegree', 2, consentDegree => {
619                        if ('yes' === consentDegree) tp.consent.setAllPurposes('opt-in');
620                    });
621                }
622            });
623            // Otherwise, check for USP consent API (US CCPA)
624        } else if (window.__uspapi) {
625            window.__uspapi('getUSPData', 1, (uspData, success) => {
626                if (success && uspData) {
627                    window.__uspapi.a.push([
628                        'hasConsentedToAll',
629                        null,
630                        (hasConsent, success) => {
631                            if (success && hasConsent) tp.consent.setAllPurposes('opt-in');
632                        }
633                    ]);
634                }
635            });
636        } else {
637            // Fallback for when no consent API is available.
638            try {
639                const tcfCache = localStorage?.getItem('mol.ads.cmp.tcf.cache');
640                const tcfCacheObj = tcfCache ? JSON.parse(tcfCache) : null;
641
642                if (tcfCacheObj?.hasUserConsentedToAll) {
643                    tp.consent.setAllPurposes('opt-in');
644                }
645            } catch (e) {
646                // No consent API available; do not assume consent.
647                // Do not set opt-in; default is opt-out.
648            }
649        }
650    }
651
652    tp.push(["init", function() {
653        // Do not consent to any cookies by default.
654        tp.consent.setAllPurposes('opt-out');
655        checkConsentAndSetOptIn(tp);
656    }]);
657
658    tp.push(["setUseTinypassAccounts", true]);
659    tp.push(["setUsePianoIdUserProvider", true]);
660	tp.push(['setAid', 'rba4f1Zcpe']);
661	tp.push(['setCustomVariable', 'vip', 'true']);
662	tp.push(['setCustomVariable', 'userState', 'no-auth']);
663
664	
665	
666	tp.push(["setEndpoint", "https://vx.newscientist.com"]);
667
668    tp.push(['addHandler', 'customEvent', function(event) {
669        if (window.pianoCustomEvents && window.pianoCustomEvents.handlers[event.eventName] && 'function' === typeof window.pianoCustomEvents.handlers[event.eventName]) {
670            window.pianoCustomEvents.handlers[event.eventName](event.params);
671        }
672    }]);
673
674    tp.push(["addHandler", "nonSite",
675        function(eventParams, cardParams, contextParams) {
676            const nonSite = new CustomEvent('nonSite');
677            window.dispatchEvent(nonSite);
678        }
679    ]);
680</script>
680
681
682<div class="piano-sub-links-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
683<div class="piano-header-button-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
684<div class="piano-paywall-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
685<div class="piano-campaign-package-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
686<div class="piano-central-overlay-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
687<div class="piano-end-banner-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
688<div class="piano-paywall-end-banner-context piano-data-context" style="display: none"></div>
689<script type="speculationrules">
690{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/newscientist/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
691</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 691
691
692<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.newscientist.com/_static/??/wp-content/themes/newscientist/build/src/main.js,/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/datalayer-user-id.js?m=1789039376j" ></script>
692<script id="user-entitlements-js-before">
693window.NS_SITEURL = "https:\/\/www.newscientist.com";
694//# sourceURL=user-entitlements-js-before
695</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 695
695
696<script id="user-entitlements-js" src="https://www.newscientist.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/build/src/user-entitlements-init.js?ver=870bda6308077cd84fb9"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 696
696
697<script id="jetpack-stats-js-before">
698_stq = window._stq || [];
699_stq.push([ "view", {"v":"ext","blog":"242057827","post":"314","tz":"1","srv":"www.newscientist.com","hp":"vip","j":"1:16.2"} ]);
700_stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "242057827", "314" ]);
701//# sourceURL=jetpack-stats-js-before
702</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 702
702
703<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer fetchpriority="low" id="jetpack-stats-js" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202639.js"></script>
703
704	</body>
705</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.