https://smartcontractauditor.ai/assets/audit-chain-starknet-DjhRBkMh.js

1import{j as e,aM as l,aQ as c,L as a,ay as r,m as d,l as o,x as i,P as m,S as h,aw as p,B as u}from"./index-DJZuVyTC.js";import{T as x}from"./triangle-alert-CEWMGGTe.js";const f=[{type:"Cairo Storage Variable Collisions",description:"StarkNet's storage model assigns each storage variable a unique storage slot via a Pedersen hash of its name and selector. If two variables hash to the same slot — which can be engineered via naming — they silently share storage, causing unpredictable overwrites.",severity:"Critical",example:"Two differently-named storage variables that hash to identical storage addresses, with writes to one silently corrupting the other."},{type:"Sierra Compilation Soundness",description:"Cairo 1.0 compiles to Sierra (Safe Intermediate Representation) before CASM execution. Sierra introduces non-reversibility guarantees, but the compilation pipeline has edge cases — certain Cairo patterns produce Sierra that behaves differently from the Cairo source's apparent semantics.",severity:"High",example:"Arithmetic operations that appear to panic on overflow in Cairo source but produce different behavior when compiled through Sierra to CASM."},{type:"STARK Proof Completeness Assumptions",description:"StarkNet contracts that interact with cross-chain STARK proofs must handle proof rejection correctly. Contracts that assume proof acceptance and proceed without checking the verification return value allow attackers to bypass the proof requirement.",severity:"High",example:"A cross-chain bridge contract that calls the STARK verifier but continues execution regardless of whether the proof was accepted or rejected."},{type:"Felt Arithmetic Overflow",description:"StarkNet's native field element type (felt252) wraps around at the STARK prime (~2^251). Arithmetic that looks like standard integer arithmetic can overflow into unintended values when results exceed the field modulus — a different overflow behavior than Solidity's uint256.",severity:"Medium",example:"A token balance calculation that exceeds 2^251 and wraps around to a small positive value, allowing a user to appear to have a near-zero balance after overflow."}],n=[{q:"What programming language does StarkNet use, and does SmartContractAuditor.ai support it?",a:"StarkNet uses Cairo — a Rust-inspired language designed for writing STARK-provable programs. Cairo 1.0 (the current version) compiles through Sierra (Safe Intermediate Representation) to CASM (Cairo Assembly) before execution. SmartContractAuditor.ai analyzes StarkNet Cairo contracts for Cairo-specific vulnerability patterns including storage collision, felt arithmetic behavior, Sierra compilation edge cases, and STARK proof integration correctness."},{q:"How is StarkNet Cairo security different from Solidity security?",a:"Cairo's primary difference from Solidity is its ZK-native execution model — every computation produces a STARK proof. The security surface shifts from EVM opcode-level concerns to Cairo language semantics, felt arithmetic behavior (wraps at 2^251, not 2^256), storage variable address derivation (Pedersen hash of the variable name), and the correctness of STARK proof integration in cross-chain or cross-contract calls. Many Solidity vulnerability classes (reentrancy, tx.origin manipulation, delegatecall abuse) simply don't exist in Cairo."},{q:"What are the most common Cairo/StarkNet vulnerability classes?",a:"Storage variable address collisions — where two variables hash to the same storage slot — are the most dangerous class since they're silent and hard to detect without tooling. Felt arithmetic overflow/underflow (at the STARK prime, not 256 bits) causes incorrect calculations in token and balance logic. STARK proof verification bypass — contracts that don't check the verifier return value — allow cross-chain attacks. Sierra compilation correctness edge cases are emerging as Cairo 1.0 matures."},{q:"Is StarkNet's ZK architecture inherently more secure?",a:"ZK proofs provide computational integrity guarantees — the output of a proven computation matches what the program would produce. This eliminates entire classes of attacks that exploit EVM execution ordering or state transitions. However, ZK proofs don't prevent logic bugs in the program being proven: a Cairo contract with an incorrect balance check is fully proven and fully wrong. The proof ensures computation correctness; security audit ensures the computation is correct by design."},{q:"How much does a StarkNet Cairo audit cost?",a:"Traditional manual Cairo audits are relatively rare and expensive — Cairo expertise is scarce, so firms like Nethermind Security, OpenZeppelin, or Trail of Bits charge $30,000–$150,000 for serious Cairo contracts. AI-powered analysis at SmartContractAuditor.ai delivers Cairo vulnerability analysis in under 60 seconds, free for the first scan, with paid plans from $100/month for teams running frequent iterations."}],b={"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article",headline:"StarkNet Smart Contract Audit — Cairo Language Security Analysis",description:"AI-powered security audit for StarkNet Cairo smart contracts. STARK proof val

1idation, Sierra IR compilation, storage variable patterns, and ZK-specific vulnerability classes.",url:"https://smartcontractauditor.ai/audit/starknet",datePublished:"2026-01-01",dateModified:"2026-07-31",author:{"@type":"Person",name:"Duron Epps",jobTitle:"Founder",url:"https://smartcontractauditor.ai"},publisher:{"@type":"Organization",name:"SmartContractAuditor.ai",url:"https://smartcontractauditor.ai"}},{"@type":"FAQPage",mainEntity:n.map(t=>({"@type":"Question",name:t.q,acceptedAnswer:{"@type":"Answer",text:t.a}}))}]};function v(){return e.jsxs(e.Fragment,{children:[e.jsx(l,{title:"StarkNet Smart Contract Audit — Cairo Language Security | SmartContractAuditor.ai",description:"AI-powered security audit for StarkNet Cairo smart contracts. Storage collisions, felt arithmetic, Sierra IR, and STARK proof integration review.",canonicalUrl:"https://smartcontractauditor.ai/audit/starknet",keywords:"StarkNet smart contract audit, Cairo security audit, StarkNet audit, Cairo language vulnerability, STARK proof security, StarkNet DeFi audit",structuredData:b}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"min-h-screen bg-[#080a12] text-white",children:[e.jsx(c,{}),e.jsx("div",{className:"border-b border-slate-800",children:e.jsx("div",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 py-3",children:e.jsxs("nav",{className:"flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-slate-400",children:[e.jsx(a,{href:"/",className:"hover:text-white transition-colors",children:"Home"}),e.jsx(r,{className:"w-4 h-4"}),e.jsx(a,{href:"/smart-contract-audit",className:"hover:text-white transition-colors",children:"Audit"}),e.jsx(r,{className:"w-4 h-4"}),e.jsx("span",{className:"text-slate-200",children:"StarkNet"})]})})}),e.jsx("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pt-14 pb-10",children:e.jsxs(d.div,{initial:{opacity:0,y:30},animate:{opacity:1,y:0},transition:{duration:.5},children:[e.jsx(o,{className:"mb-4 bg-purple-500/20 text-purple-300 border-purple-500/30 text-xs",children:"StarkNet · Cairo · ZK Proofs"}),e.jsx("h1",{className:"text-4xl md:text-5xl font-extrabold bg-gradient-to-r from-white to-slate-400 bg-clip-text text-transparent mb-5",children:"StarkNet Smart Contract Audit"}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"relative bg-slate-800/40 border border-slate-700/50 rounded-2xl p-6 mb-8 overflow-hidden",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"absolute left-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-1 rounded-l-2xl bg-gradient-to-b from-emerald-400 to-emerald-600"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-sm text-emerald-400 font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide mb-3",children:"Quick Answer"}),e.jsxs("ul",{className:"space-y-2 text-slate-200",children:[e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx(i,{className:"w-4 h-4 text-emerald-400 mt-0.5 shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"StarkNet uses Cairo — a ZK-native language that compiles through Sierra to CASM. The security surface is fundamentally different from Solidity: no reentrancy, but storage collision, felt arithmetic, and STARK proof integration risks instead."})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx(i,{className:"w-4 h-4 text-emerald-400 mt-0.5 shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"SmartContractAuditor.ai analyzes Cairo contracts for storage variable hash collisions, felt252 arithmetic overflow, Sierra compilation edge cases, and STARK proof verification bypass."})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx(i,{className:"w-4 h-4 text-emerald-400 mt-0.5 shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Cairo expertise is scarce — traditional audits cost $30k–$150k. Free first scan, results in 60 seconds."})]})]})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-lg text-slate-300 leading-relaxed",children:"StarkNet's ZK architecture eliminates many EVM vulnerability classes by design. But Cairo's own security surface — storage variable address derivation, felt252 field arithmetic, Sierra IR compilation semantics, and STARK proof integration — requires a completely different audit approach than any EVM tool can provide."})]})}),e.jsxs("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pb-12",children:[e.jsx("h2",{className:"text-2xl font-bold mb-6",children:"What Makes StarkNet Cairo Security Different"}),e.jsx("div",{className:"grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-4",children:[{icon:e.jsx(m,{className:"w-5 h-5 text-purple-400"}),title:"Cairo's ZK-Native Execution",body:"Every computation on StarkNet produces a STARK proof. This eliminates EVM-style state manipulation attacks but creates new risks around proof integration and field arithmetic semantics."},{icon:e.jsx(h,{className:"w-5 h-5 text-blue-400"}

1),title:"Sierra Safety IR",body:"Cairo 1.0 compiles through Sierra before CASM execution. Sierra provides non-reversibility guarantees but introduces compilation-level edge cases where behavior diverges from Cairo source semantics."},{icon:e.jsx(x,{className:"w-5 h-5 text-orange-400"}),title:"Felt252 Field Arithmetic",body:"StarkNet's native type is felt252 — a field element that wraps at the STARK prime (~2^251). Arithmetic overflow semantics differ from both uint256 and standard integer behavior."},{icon:e.jsx(p,{className:"w-5 h-5 text-emerald-400"}),title:"Storage Variable Hashing",body:"Storage slots are computed via Pedersen hashing of variable names. Collisions are theoretically possible and have been engineered in edge cases — silent storage overwrites that bypass type-checking."}].map(t=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"bg-slate-800/40 border border-slate-700 rounded-2xl p-5",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center gap-3 mb-2",children:[t.icon,e.jsx("h3",{className:"font-semibold text-white",children:t.title})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-slate-300 text-sm leading-relaxed",children:t.body})]},t.title))})]}),e.jsx("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pb-12",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"bg-emerald-950/40 border border-emerald-700/40 rounded-2xl p-8 text-center",children:[e.jsx("h2",{className:"text-2xl font-bold mb-3",children:"Audit Your StarkNet Cairo Contract Now"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-slate-300 mb-6",children:"Free scan · results in 60 seconds · Cairo-specific vulnerability detection"}),e.jsx(a,{href:"/smart-contract-audit",children:e.jsxs(u,{size:"lg",className:"bg-emerald-500 hover:bg-emerald-400 text-black font-semibold px-8",children:["Start Free Cairo Audit ",e.jsx(r,{className:"ml-2 w-4 h-4"})]})})]})}),e.jsxs("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pb-12",children:[e.jsx("h2",{className:"text-2xl font-bold mb-6",children:"Cairo / StarkNet Vulnerability Classes"}),e.jsx("div",{className:"overflow-x-auto",children:e.jsxs("table",{className:"w-full text-sm border-collapse",children:[e.jsx("thead",{children:e.jsxs("tr",{className:"border-b border-slate-700",children:[e.jsx("th",{className:"text-left py-3 px-4 text-slate-400 font-medium",children:"Vulnerability Type"}),e.jsx("th",{className:"text-left py-3 px-4 text-slate-400 font-medium",children:"Severity"}),e.jsx("th",{className:"text-left py-3 px-4 text-slate-400 font-medium",children:"Description"}),e.jsx("th",{className:"text-left py-3 px-4 text-slate-400 font-medium",children:"Example"})]})}),e.jsx("tbody",{children:f.map((t,s)=>e.jsxs("tr",{className:"border-b border-slate-800 hover:bg-slate-800/30",children:[e.jsx("td",{className:"py-4 px-4 font-medium text-white align-top",children:t.type}),e.jsx("td",{className:"py-4 px-4 align-top",children:e.jsx(o,{className:t.severity==="Critical"?"bg-red-500/20 text-red-300 border-red-500/30":t.severity==="High"?"bg-orange-500/20 text-orange-300 border-orange-500/30":"bg-yellow-500/20 text-yellow-300 border-yellow-500/30",children:t.severity})}),e.jsx("td",{className:"py-4 px-4 text-slate-300 align-top",children:t.description}),e.jsx("td",{className:"py-4 px-4 text-slate-400 text-xs italic align-top",children:t.example})]},s))})]})})]}),e.jsxs("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pb-12",children:[e.jsx("h2",{className:"text-2xl font-bold mb-6",children:"StarkNet Cairo Audit — Frequently Asked Questions"}),e.jsx("div",{className:"space-y-3",children:n.map((t,s)=>e.jsxs("details",{className:"bg-slate-900/50 border border-slate-800/80 rounded-2xl overflow-hidden group hover:border-slate-700 transition-colors",children:[e.jsxs("summary",{className:"flex items-center justify-between p-5 cursor-pointer font-medium text-white list-none",children:[t.q,e.jsx(r,{className:"w-4 h-4 text-slate-400 group-open:rotate-90 transition-transform shrink-0 ml-3"})]}),e.jsx("div",{className:"px-5 pb-5 text-slate-300 leading-relaxed text-sm",children:t.a})]},s))})]}),e.jsxs("section",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-6 pb-12",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"border-t border-slate-800 pt-6 text-sm text-slate-400",children:["Written by ",e.jsx("span",{className:"text-slate-200 font-medium",children:"Duron Epps"}

1),", Founder of SmartContractAuditor.ai · Last updated July 2026"]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-4 flex flex-wrap gap-3 text-sm",children:[e.jsx(a,{href:"/vulnerabilities/proxy-vulnerabilities",className:"text-emerald-400 hover:underline",children:"Proxy Vulnerabilities"}),e.jsx("span",{className:"text-slate-700",children:"·"}),e.jsx(a,{href:"/smart-contract-audit",className:"text-emerald-400 hover:underline",children:"Smart Contract Audit"}),e.jsx("span",{className:"text-slate-700",children:"·"}),e.jsx(a,{href:"/smart-contract-audit-cost",className:"text-emerald-400 hover:underline",children:"Audit Pricing"}),e.jsx("span",{className:"text-slate-700",children:"·"}),e.jsx(a,{href:"/defi-audit",className:"text-emerald-400 hover:underline",children:"DeFi Audit"})]})]})]})]})}export{v as default};