https://underhyped.ai/

1<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Underhyped - Underhyped AI Research and Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/entry.Cy5_zqGD.css" crossorigin><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/_nuxt/CfAdI20-.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/_nuxt/CjBp0Ie9.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/_nuxt/DPk9qCM3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" as="script" crossorigin href="/_nuxt/IPi87bi9.js">

1<script type="module" src="/_nuxt/CfAdI20-.js" crossorigin></script>

1<meta name="description" content="Data on the economic and societal impact of Artificial Intelligence."><meta property="og:title" content="Underhyped - AI Research"><meta property="og:description" content="Data on the economic and societal impact of Artificial Intelligence."><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:image" content="/social-card.png"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Underhyped - AI Research"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Data on the economic and societal impact of Artificial Intelligence."><meta name="twitter:image" content="/social-card.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico">

1<script id="unhead:payload" type="application/json">{"title":"Underhyped","titleTemplate":"%s - Underhyped AI Research and Analysis"}</script>

1<script>"use strict";(()=>{const t=window,e=document.documentElement,c=["dark","light"],n=getStorageValue("localStorage","nuxt-color-mode")||"dark";let i=n==="system"?u():n;const r=e.getAttribute("data-color-mode-forced");r&&(i=r),l(i),t["__NUXT_COLOR_MODE__"]={preference:n,value:i,getColorScheme:u,addColorScheme:l,removeColorScheme:d};function l(o){const s=""+o+"",a="";e.classList?e.classList.add(s):e.className+=" "+s,a&&e.setAttribute("data-"+a,o)}function d(o){const s=""+o+"",a="";e.classList?e.classList.remove(s):e.className=e.className.replace(new RegExp(s,"g"),""),a&&e.removeAttribute("data-"+a)}function f(o){return t.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme"+o+")")}function u(){if(t.matchMedia&&f("").media!=="not all"){for(const o of c)if(f(":"+o).matches)return o}return"dark"}})();function getStorageValue(t,e){switch(t){case"localStorage":return window.localStorage.getItem(e);case"sessionStorage":return window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);case"cookie":return getCookie(e);default:return null}}function getCookie(t){const c=("; "+window.document.cookie).split("; "+t+"=");if(c.length===2)return c.pop()?.split(";").shift()}</script>

1</head><body><div id="__nuxt"><div class="min-h-screen flex flex-col max-w-screen overflow-x-hidden"><header class="h-16 flex items-center justify-between w-full border-b border-dashed border-muted"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto w-full"><div></div></div></header><main class="flex-grow w-full max-w-7xl mx-auto border-x border-dashed border-muted flex flex-col md:flex-row"><!--[--><div class="hidden md:block size-2 md:size-4 lg:size-8 bg-muted w-8 p-4"><div class="w-full h-full flex items-center justify-center bg-red-500"></div></div><!--]--><div class="flex-1 min-w-0 p-4"><!--[--><div class="space-y-8"><div class="grid grid-cols-2 md:grid-cols-5 gap-4"><!--[--><a href="https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report" target="_blank" class="group border border-dashed border-muted rounded-lg p-4 space-y-1 transition-colors hover:border-foreground/20"><p class="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight text-foreground">$252B</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug">AI investment in 2024</p><p class="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/60 font-mono">Stanford HAI</p></a><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2026/02/07/ai-spending-economy-shortages/" target="_blank" class="group border border-dashed border-muted rounded-lg p-4 space-y-1 transition-colors hover:border-foreground

1/20"><p class="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight text-foreground">$650B</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug">Big Tech AI capex, 2026 (exp.)</p><p class="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/60 font-mono">S&amp;P Capital IQ</p></a><a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai" target="_blank" class="group border border-dashed border-muted rounded-lg p-4 space-y-1 transition-colors hover:border-foreground/20"><p class="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight text-foreground">945 TWh</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug">Projected data center energy, 2030</p><p class="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/60 font-mono">IEA</p></a><a href="https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/" target="_blank" class="group border border-dashed border-muted rounded-lg p-4 space-y-1 transition-colors hover:border-foreground/20"><p class="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight text-foreground">92M</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug">Jobs displaced by 2030</p><p class="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/60 font-mono">WEF</p></a><a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai" target="_blank" class="group border border-dashed border-muted rounded-lg p-4 space-y-1 transition-colors hover:border-foreground

1/20"><p class="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight text-foreground">88%</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground leading-snug">Of firms now using AI</p><p class="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/60 font-mono">McKinsey</p></a><!--]--></div><div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-y-4 gap-x-8 text-muted-foreground text-sm"><div class="space-y-4 lg:space-y-8"><h2>Links</h2><div class="max-h-[32rem] overflow-y-auto space-y-4 pr-2"><!--[--><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The 2025 AI Index Report</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Stanford University (HAI) • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Eighth annual report tracking global AI trends. U.S. private AI investment reached $109.1 billion in 2024, nearly 12x China&#39;s $9.3 billion, while generative AI alone attracted $33.9 billion globally.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The State of AI in 2025: Agents, Innovation, and Transformation</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">McKinsey &amp; Company • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Finds 23% of organizations are already scaling agentic AI systems. Despite widespread adoption, only 39% report enterprise-level EBIT impact — highlighting a persistent gap between experimentation and value capture.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/04/11/the-global-impact-of-ai-mind-the-gap-566129" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The Global Impact of AI: Mind the Gap</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Examines AI&#39;s uneven global effects. The estimated growth impact in advanced economies could be more than double that of low-income countries, driven by differences in sectoral exposure, preparedness, and data access.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/dptr2025-ai-foundations" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Digital Progress and Trends Report 2025: Strengthening AI Foundations</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">World Bank • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Finds high-income countries account for 87% of notable AI models despite representing 17% of the global population — yet middle-income countries now generate over 40% of ChatGPT&#39;s global traffic.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Energy and AI</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">International Energy Agency (IEA) • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">The most comprehensive analysis of the energy-AI nexus to date. Data center electricity consumption reached ~415 TWh in 2024 (~1.5% of global electricity), with renewables expected to meet nearly 50% of demand growth.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2025/06/governing-with-artificial-intelligence_398fa287/full-report.html" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Governing with Artificial Intelligence</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">OECD • 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Examines 200 real-world examples of government AI use across 11 core functions — from public services to justice and anti-corruption. Over a third of individuals in OECD countries used generative AI tools in 2025.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://lmarena.ai/leaderboard" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">LMSYS Chatbot Arena Leaderboard</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">LMSYS ORG • Live</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">A crowdsourced, blind side-by-side evaluation of LLMs to rank models based on human preference.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">McKinsey Global Institute • 2023</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Estimates generative AI could add up to $4.4 trillion in annual value to the global economy and has the potential to automate 60-70% of work activities.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap136.htm" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Artificial intelligence and the economy: implications for central banks</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Bank for International Settlements (BIS) • 2024</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Provides firm-level evidence of productivity gains up to 56% for software developers using AI assistants, indicating a mechanism for increased corporate output.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2024/01/10/Gen-AI-Artificial-Intelligence-and-the-Future-of-Work-539107" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Gen-AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2024</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Finds that nearly 40% of global employment is exposed to AI, with outcomes including potential labor displacement and augmentation.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/digital-development-report" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Digital Development Report 2024: Artificial Intelligence to Accelerate Development</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">World Bank • 2024</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Suggests AI presents a pathway for developing countries to accelerate human capital formation and improve the efficiency of public service delivery.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2024-ai-index-report" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The 2024 AI Index Report</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Stanford University (HAI) • 2024</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">

1Comprehensive annual report tracking AI trends. Highlights that global private investment in AI in 2023 was $25.2 billion.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2024/04/22/power-hungry-how-ai-could-squeeze-the-energy-supply" target="_blank" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Power Hungry: How AI Could Squeeze the Energy Supply</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 2024</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Projects that electricity demand from data centers for AI may exceed 1,000 TWh by 2026, an amount similar to Japan&#39;s total usage.</p></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="space-y-4 lg:space-y-8"><h2>Articles</h2><div class="space-y-4"><!--[--><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="/articles/singapore-data-center-power" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The 4,300 km Extension Cord</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Feb 2026</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Singapore has no land, no fossil fuels, and almost no domestic renewable capacity. It is building a 7.5 GW web of undersea cables to power its data centers.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="/articles/data-center-power-demand" class="text-foreground hover:underline">The 35 Gigawatt Gap</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Feb 2026</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Data center electricity consumption is projected to reach 945 TWh by 2030. Where the capacity will come from — and at what cost — remains an open question.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="/articles/building-agentic-systems" class="text-foreground hover:underline">Building Agentic Systems: From Simple Loops to Production</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Feb 2026</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">Part 2 — A practical guide to building agentic systems: the agent loop, tool design, MCP, and production patterns.</p></div><div class="space-y-1"><p><a href="/articles/workflow-automations-vs-agents" class="text-foreground hover:underline">On Using AI better: Using Workflow Automations vs Agents</a></p><p class="text-sm text-muted-foreground">Sep 2025</p><p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">A brief comparison of automation workflows and agentic workflows - how they work, when to use which, and how to use them effectively.</p></div><!--]--></div></div></div><p class="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground/50 font-mono">Last updated Feb 2026</p></div><!--]--></div></main><footer class="border-t border-dashed border-muted"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto flex flex-col gap-3 px-4 py-6 text-muted-foreground text-sm sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between"><div class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-center sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:gap-2 sm:text-left"><span>Underhyped</span><span class="hidden sm:inline">•</span><span>©2026</span><span class="hidden sm:inline">•</span><span>All rights reserved</span></div><div class="text-xs sm:text-sm text-center sm:text-left">If you&#39;re a founder in this space, we&#39;d love to hear from you: <a href="mailto:[email protected]" class="block text-xs font-mono sm:inline sm:ml-1">[email protected]</a></div></div></footer></div></div><div id="teleports"></div>

1<script>window.__NUXT__={};window.__NUXT__.config={public:{},app:{baseURL:"/",buildId:"27b7bb30-471d-452b-9bbe-82144c73e76d",buildAssetsDir:"/_nuxt/",cdnURL:""}}</script>

1<script type="application/json" data-nuxt-data="nuxt-app" data-ssr="true" id="__NUXT_DATA__">[["ShallowReactive",1],{"data":2,"state":4,"once":10,"_errors":11,"serverRendered":8,"path":13},["ShallowReactive",3],{},["Reactive",5],{"$scolor-mode":6},{"preference":7,"value":7,"unknown":8,"forced":9},"dark",true,false,["Set"],["ShallowReactive",12],{},"/"]</script>

1</body></html>