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71--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
72/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
73</style>
74<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
75:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--base: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--contrast: #111111;--wp--preset--color--accent-1: #FFEE58;--wp--preset--color--accent-2: #F6CFF4;--wp--preset--color--accent-3: #503AA8;--wp--preset--color--accent-4: #686868;--wp--preset--color--accent-5: #FBFAF3;--wp--preset--color--accent-6: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 20%, transparent);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
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}:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks { padding-top: var(--wp--style--root--padding-top); padding-bottom: var(--wp--style--root--padding-bottom); }.has-global-padding { padding-right: var(--wp--style--root--padding-right); padding-left: var(--wp--style--root--padding-left); }.has-global-padding > .alignfull { margin-right: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1); margin-left: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1); }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) > .alignfull { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 2rem; 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75 :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base);color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast);font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large);font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.5;--wp--style--root--padding-top: 20px;--wp--style--root--padding-right: var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);--wp--style--root--padding-bottom: 20px;--wp--style--root--padding-left: var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: 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76
77.wp-element-caption figcaption,
78.wp-block-image figcaption, 
79.wp-caption p.wp-caption-text {
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174<h1 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center"><em><a href="https://americanyawp.com" data-type="link" data-id="americanyawp.com" style="text-decoration:none">THE AMERICAN YAWP</a></em></h1>
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178<hr class="wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide is-style-wide--1" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);background-color:#d5261d;color:#d5261d"/>
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182<div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"><h1 class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-x-large-font-size">Introduction</h1>
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186<div class="entry-content alignfull wp-block-post-content has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained">
187<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter"><a href="https://www.americanyawp.com/text/wp-content/uploads/selma1.jpg"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.americanyawp.com/text/wp-content/uploads/selma1-1000x500.jpg" alt="&quot;Participants, some carrying American flags, marching in the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965,&quot; via Library of Congress." class="wp-image-1278" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003675345/">Library of Congress</a>.</figcaption></figure>
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191<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We are the heirs of our history. Our communities, our politics, our culture: it is all a product of the past. As William Faulkner wrote, “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” <sup><a href="#footnote_1_2383" id="identifier_1_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun (New York: Random House, 1954), 73.">1</a></sup> To understand who we are, we must therefore understand our history.</p>
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195<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But what <em>is</em> history? What does it mean to study the past? History can never be the simple memorizing of names and dates (how would we even know what names and dates are worth studying?). It is too complex a task and too dynamic a process to be reduced to that. It must be something more because, in a sense, it is we who give life to the past. Historians ask historical questions, weigh evidence from primary sources (material produced in the era under study), grapple with rival interpretations, and argue for their conclusions. History, then, is our ongoing conversation about the past.</p>
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199<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Every generation must write its own history. Old conclusions—say, about the motives of European explorers or the realities of life on slave plantations—fall before new evidence and new outlooks. Names of leaders and dates of events may not change, but the weight we give them and the context with which we frame them invariably evolves. History is a conversation between the past and the present. To understand a global society, we must explore a history of transnational forces. To understand the lived experiences of ordinary Americans, we must look beyond the elites who framed older textbooks and listen to the poor and disadvantaged from all generations.</p>
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203<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But why study history in the first place? History can cultivate essential and relevant—or, in more utilitarian terms, “marketable”—skills: careful reading, creative thinking, and clear communication. Many are familiar with a famous quote of philosopher George Santayana: “Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” <sup><a href="#footnote_2_2383" id="identifier_2_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="George Santayana, The Life of Reason: Or the Phases of Human Progress, Volume I (New York: Scribner, 1905), 284.">2</a></sup> The role of history in shaping current events is more complicated than this quote implies, but Santayana was right in arguing that history offers important lessons. The historical sensibility yields perspective and context and broader awareness. It liberates us from our narrow experiences and pulls us into, in the words of historian Peter Stearns, “the laboratory of human experience.” <sup><a href="#footnote_3_2383" id="identifier_3_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="Peter N. Stearns, &ldquo;Why Study History,&rdquo; American Historical Association (July 11, 2008). https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/archives/why-study-history-(1998).">3</a></sup> Perhaps a better way to articulate the importance of studying history would be, “Those who fail to understand their history will fail to understand themselves.”</p>
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207<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Historical interpretation is never wholly subjective: it requires method, rigor, and perspective. The open nature of historical discourse does not mean that all arguments—and certainly not all “opinions”—about the past are equally valid. Some are simply wrong. And yet good historical questions will not always have easy answers. Asking “When did Christopher Columbus first sail across the Atlantic?” will tell us far less than “What inspired Columbus to attempt his voyage?” or “How did Native Americans interpret the arrival of Europeans?” Crafting answers to these questions reveals far greater insights into our history.</p>
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211<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But how can any textbook encapsulate American history? Should it organize around certain themes or surrender to the impossibility of synthesis and retreat toward generality? In the oft-cited lines of the American poet Walt Whitman, we found as good an organizing principle as any other: “I too am not a bit tamed—I too am untranslatable,” he wrote, “I sound my barbaric y
211awp over the roofs of the world.&#8221; <sup><a href="#footnote_4_2383" id="identifier_4_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass (Brooklyn: Rome, 1855), 55.">4</a></sup>&nbsp;Long before Whitman and long after, Americans have sung something collectively amid the deafening roar of their many individual voices. Here we find both chorus and cacophony together, as one. This textbook therefore offers the story of that barbaric, untranslatable American yawp by constructing a coherent and accessible narrative from all the best of recent historical scholarship. Without losing sight of politics and power, it incorporates transnational perspectives, integrates diverse voices, recovers narratives of resistance, and explores the complex process of cultural creation. It looks for America in crowded slave cabins, bustling markets, congested tenements, and marbled halls. It navigates between maternity wards, prisons, streets, bars, and boardrooms. Whitman’s America, like ours, cut across the narrow boundaries that can strangle narratives of American history.</p>
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215<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We have produced <em>The American Yawp</em> to help guide students in their encounter with American history. <em>The American Yawp</em> is a collaboratively built, open American history textbook designed for general readers and college-level history courses. Over three hundred academic historians—scholars and experienced college-level instructors—have come together and freely volunteered their expertise to help democratize the American past for twenty-first century readers. The project is freely accessible online at <a href="https://www.AmericanYawp.com">www.AmericanYawp.com</a>, and in addition to providing a peer review of the text, Stanford University Press has partnered with <em>The American Yawp</em> to publish a low-cost print edition. Furthermore, <em>The American Yawp</em> remains an evolving, collaborative text: you are encouraged to help us improve by offering comments on our feedback page, available through AmericanYawp.com.</p>
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219<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>The American Yawp</em> is a fully open resource: you are encouraged to use it, download it, distribute it, and modify it as you see fit. The project is formally operated under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA) License and is designed to meet the standards of a “Free Cultural Work.” We are happy to share it and we hope you will do the same.</p>
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223<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Joseph Locke &amp; Ben Wright, editors.&nbsp;</p>
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228<ol class="footnotes"><li id="footnote_1_2383" class="footnote">William Faulkner, <em>Requiem for a Nun</em> (New York: Random House, 1954), 73.<span class="footnote-back-link-wrapper">[<a href="#identifier_1_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">&#8617;</a>]</span></li><li id="footnote_2_2383" class="footnote">George Santayana, <em>The Life of Reason: Or the Phases of Human Progress, Volume I</em> (New York: Scribner, 1905), 284.<span class="footnote-back-link-wrapper">[<a href="#identifier_2_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">&#8617;</a>]</span></li><li id="footnote_3_2383" class="footnote">Peter N. Stearns, “Why Study History,” <em>American Historical Association</em> (July 11, 2008). <a href="https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/archives/why-study-history-(1998">https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/archives/why-study-history-(1998</a>).<span class="footnote-back-link-wrapper">[<a href="#identifier_3_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">&#8617;</a>]</span></li><li id="footnote_4_2383" class="footnote">Walt Whitman, <em>Leaves of Grass</em> (Brooklyn: Rome, 1855), 55.<span class="footnote-back-link-wrapper">[<a href="#identifier_4_2383" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">&#8617;</a>]</span></li></ol></div></div>
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278<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before">
279window._googlesitekit = window._googlesitekit || {};
280window._googlesitekit.contentEvents = {"postID":2383,"isSinglePost":false};
281//# sourceURL=googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before
282</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 282
282
283<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js" src="https://www.americanyawp.com/textbook/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-33078016c5e1e9f07c35.js" defer></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 283
283
284<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
285{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.americanyawp.com/textbook/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.2"}}
286</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 286
286
287<script type="module">
288/*! This file is auto-generated */
289var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
290//# sourceURL=https://www.americanyawp.com/textbook/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
291</script>
291
292</body>
293</html>
294
295<!-- Dynamic page generated in 0.393 seconds. -->
296<!-- Cached page generated by WP-Super-Cache on 2026-09-23 18:33:37 -->
297
298<!-- Compression = gzip -->

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.