1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3<head> 4<meta charset="utf-8" /> 5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> 6<title>TalkOrigins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy</title> 7<meta name="description" content="Essays, FAQs, bibliographies, claim responses, and discussion resources on biological and physical origins and the creation/evolution controversy." /> 8<meta name="scisiteforge:theme" content="talkorigins-dark-legacy" /> 9<meta name="toa:legacy-route" content="/" /> 10<meta name="toa:content-kind" content="root" /> 11<link rel="canonical" href="https://talkorigins.org/" /> 12<link rel="icon" href="/theme/assets/toa.ico" sizes="any" /> 13<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="TalkOrigins Archive updates" href="/rss/talkorigins.xml" /> 14<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="TalkOrigins Archive updates" href="/rss/talkorigins.atom" /> 15<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="TalkOrigins feedback compilations" href="/rss/feedback.xml" /> 16<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="TalkOrigins translation status" href="/rss/translations.xml" />
17<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#website","@type":"WebSite","name":"TalkOrigins Archive","publisher":{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#organization"},"url":"https://talkorigins.org/"},{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#organization","@type":"Organization","name":"TalkOrigins Archive","url":"https://talkorigins.org/"},{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#webpage","@type":"CollectionPage","description":"Essays, FAQs, bibliographies, claim responses, and discussion resources on biological and physical origins and the creation/evolution controversy.","headline":"TalkOrigins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy","identifier":"/","inLanguage":"en","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#website"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://talkorigins.org/","name":"TalkOrigins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy","publisher":{"@id":"https://talkorigins.org/#organization"},"url":"https://talkorigins.org/"}]}</script>
17 18<style> 19:root { 20 --bg: #090d12; 21 --bg-blue: #101c2d; 22 --panel: #11151d; 23 --panel-2: #171c25; 24 --panel-3: #202630; 25 --ink: #e9e1d1; 26 --muted: #c5bbac; 27 --line: rgba(225, 210, 167, 0.18); 28 --gold: #c8a646; 29 --gold-soft: #f1dc91; 30 --white: #fffaf0; 31 --max: 1180px; 32} 33* { box-sizing: border-box; } 34html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } 35body { 36 margin: 0; 37 min-height: 100vh; 38 color: var(--ink); 39 background: 40 radial-gradient(circle at 12% 0%, rgba(38, 74, 109, 0.34), transparent 24rem), 41 radial-gradient(circle at 88% 10%, rgba(45, 31, 9, 0.24), transparent 22rem), 42 linear-gradient(120deg, #07090b 0%, var(--bg-blue) 52%, #07090b 100%); 43 font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; 44} 45a { color: #efe5c9; font-weight: 700; } 46a:hover { color: var(--gold-soft); } 47.skip-link { 48 position: absolute; 49 left: -999px; 50 top: 0; 51} 52.skip-link:focus { 53 left: 1rem; 54 top: 1rem; 55 z-index: 10; 56 padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem; 57 color: #111; 58 background: var(--gold-soft); 59} 60.site-shell { 61 width: min(var(--max), calc(100vw - 28px)); 62 margin: 0 auto; 63 padding: 22px 0 54px; 64} 65.top-card, 66.intro-card, 67.reader-paths, 68.site-footer { 69 border: 1px solid var(--line); 70 border-radius: 10px; 71 background: rgba(13, 17, 24, 0.92); 72 box-shadow: 0 26px 80px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38); 73} 74.top-card { 75 padding: 28px 32px 24px; 76 text-align: center; 77} 78.banner-frame { 79 width: 100%; 80 margin: 0 auto 18px; 81 padding: 8px; 82 border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); 83 background: #050505; 84} 85.banner-frame img { 86 display: block; 87 width: min(640px, 100%); 88 height: auto; 89 margin: 0 auto; 90} 91.kicker, 92.eyebrow { 93 margin: 0 0 8px; 94 color: var(--gold); 95 font-weight: 800; 96 letter-spacing: 0.02em; 97} 98.top-card h1 { 99 margin: 0; 100 color: var(--white); 101 font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 5.6vw, 4.7rem); 102 line-height: 0.96; 103 text-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08); 104} 105.tagline { 106 margin: 12px auto 20px; 107 max-width: 740px; 108 color: var(--ink); 109 font-size: 1.08rem; 110} 111.top-nav { 112 display: flex; 113 flex-wrap: wrap; 114 justify-content: center; 115 gap: 8px; 116} 117.top-nav a, 118.top-nav select, 119.rail a { 120 min-height: 40px; 121 padding: 0.62rem 1rem; 122 border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22); 123 border-radius: 3px; 124 color: var(--ink); 125 background: linear-gradient(180deg, #46484d, #202329); 126 text-decoration: none; 127 box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16); 128} 129.top-nav select { 130 font: 700 1rem Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; 131} 132.intro-card { 133 margin-top: 22px; 134 padding: 34px 38px; 135} 136.intro-grid { 137 display: grid; 138 grid-template-columns: 270px minmax(0, 1fr); 139 gap: 36px; 140} 141.rail { 142 display: grid; 143 gap: 8px; 144 align-content: start; 145} 146.rail a { 147 display: block; 148} 149.intro-copy { 150 font-size: 1.08rem; 151 line-height: 1.62; 152} 153.memory { 154 margin: 0 0 24px; 155 color: var(--muted); 156 text-align: right; 157 font-style: italic; 158} 159.intro-copy p { 160 margin: 0 0 1.08rem; 161} 162.legacy-groups { 163 display: grid; 164 grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); 165 gap: 26px; 166 margin-top: 26px; 167 padding-top: 24px; 168 border-top: 1px solid var(--line); 169} 170.legacy-groups h2, 171.reader-paths h2, 172.site-footer h2 { 173 margin: 0 0 8px; 174 color: var(--gold); 175 font-size: 1.18rem; 176} 177.legacy-groups ul, 178.site-footer ul { 179 margin: 0; 180 padding: 0; 181 list-style: none; 182 line-height: 1.58; 183} 184.reader-paths { 185 margin-top: 34px; 186 padding: 0; 187 background: transparent; 188 border: 0; 189 box-shadow: none; 190} 191.reader-paths > p { 192 max-width: 760px; 193 margin: 0 0 16px; 194 color: var(--muted); 195 font-size: 1.05rem; 196 line-height: 1.55; 197} 198.path-grid { 199 display: grid; 200 grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); 201 gap: 14px; 202} 203.path-card { 204 min-width: 0; 205 padding: 18px; 206 border: 1px solid var(--line); 207 border-radius: 7px; 208 background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(32, 38, 48, 0.9), rgba(14, 18, 25, 0.95)); 209} 210.path-card h3 { 211 margin: 0 0 8px; 212 color: var(--white); 213 font-size: 1.25rem; 214} 215.path-card p { 216 margin: 0 0 12px; 217 color: var(--muted); 218 line-height: 1.5; 219} 220.path-card .link-row { 221 display: flex; 222 flex-wrap: wrap; 223 gap: 10px 16px; 224} 225.site-footer { 226 display: grid; 227 grid-template-columns: 1.45fr 0.8fr 0.8fr; 228 gap: 28px; 229 margin-top: 24px; 230 padding: 26px 30px; 231 border-top: 3px solid var(--gold); 232} 233.site-footer p { 234 margin: 0; 235 color: var(--muted); 236 line-height: 1.35; 237} 238@media (max-width: 860px) { 239 .intro-grid, 240 .legacy-groups, 241 .path-grid, 242 .site-footer { 243 grid-template-columns: 1fr; 244 } 245 .memory { 246 text-align: left; 247 } 248} 249@media (max-width: 640px) { 250 .site-shell { 251 width: min(100vw - 12px, var(--max)); 252 padding-top: 10px; 253 } 254 .top-card, 255 .intro-card, 256 .site-footer { 257 padding: 16px; 258 border-radius: 7px; 259 } 260 .top-card h1 { 261 font-size: clamp(2rem, 12vw, 3rem); 262 } 263 .tagline, 264 .intro-copy, 265 .reader-paths > p { 266 font-size: 1rem; 267 } 268 .top-nav { 269 display: grid; 270 grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); 271 } 272 .top-nav a, 273 .top-nav select { 274 width: 100%; 275 text-align: center; 276 } 277} 278</style> 279</head> 280<body> 281<a class="skip-link" href="#main">Skip to content</a> 282<div class="site-shell"> 283 <header class="top-card"> 284 <div class="banner-frame"> 285 <img src="pictures/title-no-text.jpg" alt="" /> 286 </div> 287 <p class="kicker">Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy</p> 288 <h1>TalkOrigins Archive</h1> 289 <p class="tagline">Essays, FAQs, bibliographies, and discussion resources on biological and physical origins.<
289/p> 290 <nav class="top-nav" aria-label="Primary navigation"> 291 <a href="/">Home</a> 292 <a href="/origins/faqs-qa.html">FAQs</a> 293 <a href="/origins/faqs.html">Browse</a> 294 <a href="/indexcc/list.html">Claims Index</a> 295 <a href="/timeline/">Timeline</a> 296 <a href="/dossiers/">Dossiers</a> 297 <a href="/search/">Search</a> 298 <a href="/fb/">Feedback</a> 299 <a href="/origins/other-links.html">Links</a> 300 <a href="/workbench/">Workbench</a> 301 <a href="/notebook/">Notebook</a> 302 <a href="/downloads/toa-lite/">Downloads</a> 303 <a href="/translation-status/">Translations</a> 304 <select aria-label="Language" onchange="if (this.value) location.href=this.value"> 305 <option value="/" selected>English</option> 306 <option value="/es/">Español</option> 307 <option value="/fr/">Français</option> 308 <option value="/de/">Deutsch</option> 309 <option value="/pt/">Português</option> 310 <option value="/00/">Legacy</option> 311 </select> 312 </nav> 313 </header> 314 315 <main id="main"> 316 <section class="intro-card" aria-labelledby="about-archive"> 317 <div class="intro-grid"> 318 <nav class="rail" aria-label="Archive entry points"> 319 <a href="/origins/welcome.html">Welcome!</a> 320 <a href="/origins/faqs-qa.html">The FAQ</a> 321 <a href="/origins/faqs.html">Browse the Archive</a> 322 <a href="/search/">Search the Archive</a> 323 <a href="/indexcc/list.html">Index to Claims</a> 324 <a href="/origins/outline.html">Site Map</a> 325 <a href="/origins/whats-new.html">What's New</a> 326 <a href="/fb/">Feedback</a> 327 <a href="/origins/postmonth/">Post of the Month</a> 328 </nav> 329 <div class="intro-copy"> 330 <p class="memory">In warm memory of <a href="/tsand.html">Tero Sand</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206051843if_/http://www.ncseweb.org/resources/rncse_content/vol20/8191_in_memory_of_bob_schadewald_12_30_1899.asp">Bob Schadewald</a></p> 331 <h2 id="about-archive" class="eyebrow">About the Archive</h2> 332 <p><strong><a href="/origins/welcome.html#newsgroup">Talk.origins</a></strong> is a Usenet newsgroup devoted to the discussion and debate of biological and physical origins. Most discussions in the newsgroup center on the creation/evolution controversy, but other topics of discussion include the origin of life, geology, biology, catastrophism, cosmology, and theology.</p> 333 <p>The <strong>TalkOrigins Archive</strong> is a collection of articles and essays, most of which appeared in talk.origins at one time or another. The archive provides mainstream scientific responses to frequently asked questions and recurring creationist claims.</p> 334 <p>The archive also collects bibliographies, discussion resources, feedback, post archives, administration notes, awards, and background material for readers who want to follow the details beyond short answers.</p> 335 </div> 336 </div> 337 <div class="legacy-groups" aria-label="Additional archive links"> 338 <section> 339 <h2>Discussion</h2> 340 <ul> 341 <li><a href="/origins/welcome.html#newsgroup">Reading talk.origins</a></li> 342 <li><a href="/origins/other-links.html">Other Web Sites</a></li> 343 <li><a href="http://www.pandasthumb.org/">Panda's Thumb</a></li> 344 <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422022829if_/http://www.ediacara.org/">University of Ediacara</a></li> 345 </ul> 346 </section> 347 <section> 348 <h2>Foundation</h2> 349 <ul> 350 <li><a href="/foundation/2026-update/">Foundation Update</a></li> 351 <li><a href="/foundation/donate.html">Make a Donation</a></li> 352 <li><a href="/foundation/">TalkOrigins Foundation</a></li> 353 <li><a href="/origins/admin.html">Administration</a></li> 354 </ul> 355 </section> 356 <section> 357 <h2>Site</h2> 358 <ul> 359 <li><a href="/faqs/awards/">Awards</a></li> 360 <li><a href="/rss/talkorigins.xml">RSS Syndication</a></li> 361 <li><a href="/origins/contact.html">Contact Administrator</a></li> 362 <li><a href="/origins/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> 363 </ul> 364 </section> 365 </div> 366 </section> 367 368 <section class="reader-paths" aria-labelledby="reader-paths-title"> 369 <h2 id="reader-paths-title">Reader Paths</h2> 370 <p>Choose a route by the kind of work you are doing: orientation, quick answers, topic browsing, claims lookup, search, or historical context.</p> 371 <div class="path-grid"> 372 <article class="path-card"> 373 <h3>New to the Archive</h3> 374 <p>Start with the welcome page for orientation to talk.origins, the Archive, and the creation/evolution controversy.</p> 375 <a href="/origins/welcome.html">Read the welcome</a> 376 </article> 377 <article class="path-card"> 378 <h3>Find an Answer</h3> 379 <p>Use the FAQ question-and-answer page for common questions before moving into longer articles.</p> 380 <a href="/origins/faqs-qa.html">Open the FAQ</a> 381 </article> 382 <article class="path-card"> 383 <h3>Browse by Topic</h3> 384 <p>Use the archive topic page when you want the historical document collection organized by subject.</p> 385 <a href="/origins/faqs.html">Browse the Archive</a> 386 </article> 387 <article class="path-card"> 388 <h3>Search Across Corpora</h3> 389 <p>Search converted articles, claim responses, navigation records, and other modernized site exports.</p> 390 <a href="/search/">Search the Archive</a> 391 </article> 392 <article class="path-card"> 393 <h3>Reference Tools</h3> 394 <p>Use these when you know a term, a creationist claim, or need a structural view of the site.</p> 395 <div class="link-row"> 396 <a href="/origins/faqs-index.html">Alphabetical Index</a> 397 <a href="/indexcc/list.html">Claims Index</a> 398 <a href="/origins/outline.html">Site Map</a> 399 </div> 400 </article> 401 <article class="path-card"> 402 <h3>Research Context</h3> 403 <p>Follow events, publications, court cases, and structured records connected to Archive topics.</p> 404 <div class="link-row"> 405 <a href="/timeline/">Timeline</a> 406 <a href="/dossiers/">Dossiers</a> 407 </div> 408 </article> 409 </div> 410 </section> 411 </main> 412 413 <footer class="site-footer"> 414 <section> 415 <h2>TalkOrigins Archive</h2> 416 <p>Copyright 1998-2016 TalkOrigins Archive. The archive is maintained as a resource for readers following the creation/evolution controversy and related scientific topics.</p> 417 </section> 418 <section> 419 <h2>Support</h2> 420 <ul> 421 <li><a href="/foundation/2026-update/">Foundation Update</a></li> 422 <li><a href="/foundation/donate.html">Make a Donation</a></li> 423 <li><a href="/origins/contact.html">Contact Administrator</a></li> 424 </ul> 425 </section> 426 <section> 427 <h2>Policies</h2> 428 <ul> 429 <li><a href="/origins/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> 430 <li><a href="/origins/admin.html">Administration</a></li> 431 <li><a href="/rss/talkorigins.xml">RSS Syndication</a></li> 432 </ul> 433 </section> 434 </footer> 435</div> 436</body> 437</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.