1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 5<meta name="description" content="Proper use of car seats, booster seats and seat belts is critical to protect children in the event of a motor vehicle crash." /> 6<meta name="abstract" content="Proper use of car seats, booster seats and seat belts is critical to protect children in the event of a motor vehicle crash." /> 7<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ghsa.org/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" /> 8<meta property="og:site_name" content="Governors Highway Safety Association" /> 9<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ghsa.org/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" /> 10<meta property="og:title" content="Child Passengers" /> 11<meta property="og:description" content="Proper use of car seats, booster seats and seat belts is critical to protect children in the event of a motor vehicle crash." /> 12<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Child-Passenger-Safety.jpg" /> 13<meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Child-Passenger-Safety.jpg" /> 14<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Child-Passenger-Safety.jpg" /> 15<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 16<meta name="twitter:description" content="Proper use of car seats, booster seats and seat belts is critical to protect children in the event of a motor vehicle crash." /> 17<meta name="twitter:title" content="Child Passengers" /> 18<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="@ghsahq" /> 19<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Child-Passenger-Safety.jpg" /> 20<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> 21<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> 22<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> 23<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> 24<link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/files/ghsa_favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> 25 26 <title>Child Passengers | Governors Highway Safety Association</title> 27 <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/progress.module.css?tls4ey" /> 28<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/misc/components/ajax-progress.module.css?tls4ey" /> 29<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?tls4ey" /> 30<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?tls4ey" /> 31<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?tls4ey" /> 32<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?tls4ey" /> 33<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?tls4ey" /> 34<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?tls4ey" /> 35<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?tls4ey" /> 36<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?tls4ey" /> 37<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?tls4ey" /> 38<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?tls4ey" /> 39<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?tls4ey" /> 40<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?tls4ey" /> 41<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?tls4ey" /> 42<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?tls4ey" /> 43<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?tls4ey" /> 44<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?tls4ey" /> 45<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/filter/css/filter.caption.css?tls4ey" /> 46<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/media/css/filter.caption.css?tls4ey" /> 47<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?tls4ey" /> 48<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/extlink/css/extlink.css?tls4ey" /> 49<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?tls4ey" /> 50<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/ghsa_tailwind/dist/style.css?tls4ey" /> 51 52
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54 55 56 </head> 57 58 <body> 59 <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" dir="ltr"> 60 Skip to main content 61 </a> 62 63 <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> 64 <main id="main-content"> 65 66<header class="area" id="wrap-header"><!-- max-lg:h-header-m--> 67 <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row justify-between items-center lg:items-end p-4 lg:pb-0 lg:pt-4 lg:px-12 bg-white relative"> 68 <div class="flex flex-row justify-between lg:justify-normal gap-10 lg:gap-0 w-full lg:w-auto"> 69 <div> <div class="region region--branding"> 70 <div id="block-ghsa-tailwind-sitebranding"> 71 72 73 <div class="flex justify-between items-center lg:py-4 px-6"> 74 <div class="lg:pb-3.5"> 75 <a href="/" rel="home"> 76 <img src="/themes/ghsa_tailwind/logo.svg" alt="Home" fetchpriority="high" class="w-logo-m lg:w-logo" /> 77 </a> 78 </div> 79 <div class="ml-4 max-lg:sr-only"> 80 <a href="/" rel="home" class="font-nunito text-ghsa-blue font-semibold text-sm">Governors Highway Safety Association</a> 81 <div class="font-nunito text-ghsa-othergray text-sm">The States' Voice on Highway Safety</div> 82 </div> 83 </div> 84</div> 85 86 </div> 87 </div> 88 <button class="menu-open lg:hidden font-nunito flex flex-row mt-2"> 89 <div class="menu-button-close"> 90 <span class="px-2 pt-1">Menu</span> 91 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 92 </div> 93 <div class="menu-button-open hidden"> 94 <span class="px-2 pt-1">Close</span> 95 <i class="fa-solid fa-xmark text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 96 </div> 97 </button> 98 </div> 99 <div id="menu" 100 class="flex-row items-start justify-start z-50 relative 101 bg-white 102 transition-all 103 104 max-lg:top-header-m 105 max-lg:to-ghsa-blue-dk 106 max-lg:left-0 107 max-lg:w-screen 108 max-lg:bg-gradient-to-bl 109 max-lg:from-ghsa-blue 110 111 hidden lg:visible 112 lg:flex lg:flex-col-reverse lg:items-end lg:justify-center lg:gap-3"> <!-- region-navigation 113 max-lg:h-menu-m max-lg:top-header-m max-lg:to-ghsa-blue-dk max-lg:fixed max-lg:left-0 max-lg:w-screen 114 max-lg:bg-gradient-to-b max-lg:from-ghsa-blue--> 115 116 <div class="my-10 lg:my-0 lg:w-auto" aria-label="primary"> 117 <div class="region region--navigation"> 118 <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-ghsa-tailwind-mainnavigation-2-menu" id="block-ghsa-tailwind-mainnavigation-2"> 119 120 <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-ghsa-tailwind-mainnavigation-2-menu">Main navigation</h2> 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 <ul class="menu gap-3 xl:gap-6 lg:flex menu--simple-mega-menu"> 128 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 129 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 130 <span data-simple-mega-menu="1">State Laws & Issues</span> 131 <span class="menu-arrow"> 132 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-chev lg:text-ghsa-burntorange text-ghsa-yelloworange pl-1"></i> 133 <i class="hidden fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-chev lg:text-ghsa-burntorange text-ghsa-yelloworange pl-1"></i> 134 </span> 135 </div> 136 137 <div class="mega-menu-wrapper hidden lg:absolute lg:top-full w-full lg:w-[1152px] lg:right-[50px] lg:mx-4 border-ghsa-yelloworange border-b-4"> 138 <div class="flex bg-ghsa-lightgray p-14 gap-10"> 139 140 141 142<div class="simple-mega-menu mega-menu-item simple-mega-menu-type-megamenu view-mode-after max-w-72"> 143 144 145 146<div class="lg:w-[1028px]"> 147 <div class="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-4 justify-stretch lg:gap-[3%]"> 148 <div class="column"> 149 150 151 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default">
152 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Road Users 153</span> 154 </div> 155 156 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 157 158 <ul> 159 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 160 <a href="/state-laws-issues/bicyclists-pedestrians-micromobility" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/50">Bicyclists, Pedestrians & Micromobility</a> 161 </li> 162 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 163 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21" class="is-active" aria-current="page">Child Passengers</a> 164 </li> 165 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 166 <a href="/state-laws-issues/mature-elderly-drivers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/59">Mature & Elderly Drivers</a> 167 </li> 168 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 169 <a href="/state-laws-issues/motorcyclists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/58">Motorcyclists</a> 170 </li> 171 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 172 <a href="/state-laws-issues/teens-novice-drivers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/60">Teens & Novice Drivers</a> 173 </li> 174 </ul> 175 176 177 178 179 </div> 180 181 182 183 184 185 </div> 186 <div class="column"> 187 188 189 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 190 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Driving Behaviors 191</span> 192 </div> 193 194 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 195 196 <ul> 197 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 198 <a href="/state-laws-issues/alcohol-impaired-driving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Alcohol-Impaired Driving</a> 199 </li> 200 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 201 <a href="/state-laws-issues/distracted-driving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Distracted Driving</a> 202 </li> 203 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 204 <a href="/state-laws-issues/drowsy-driving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Drowsy Driving</a> 205 </li> 206 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 207 <a href="/state-laws-issues/drug-impaired-driving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">Drug-Impaired Driving</a> 208 </li> 209 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 210 <a href="/state-laws-issues/seat-belt-use" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63">Seat Belt Use</a> 211 </li> 212 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 213 <a href="/state-laws-issues/speeding-aggressive-driving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/62">Speeding & Aggressive Driving</a> 214 </li> 215 </ul> 216 217 218 219 220 </div> 221 222 223 224 225 226 </div> 227 <div class="column"> 228 229 230 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 231 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Technologies & Systems 232</span> 233 </div> 234 235 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 236 237 <ul> 238 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 239 <a href="/state-laws-issues/autonomous-vehicles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/330">Autonomous Vehicles</a> 240 </li> 241 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 242 <a href="/state-laws-issues/law-enforcement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1331">Law Enforcement</a> 243 </li> 244 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 245 <a href="/state-laws-issues/speed-red-light-cameras" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Speed & Red Light Cameras</a> 246 </li> 247 </ul> 248 249 250 251 252 </div> 253 254 255 256 257 258 </div> 259 <div class="column"> 260 261 262 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default">
263 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Featured 264</span> 265 </div> 266 267 268 269 270 271 <div> 272 <img src="/sites/default/files/2026-07/Cover%2016-9.png" 273 alt="Pedestrian Traffic Fatalities by State, 2025" 274 class=" w-full object-cover" /> 275 </div> 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--link paragraph--view-mode--default"> 283 284 285 <div class="my-2"> 286 287 <a class="text-ghsa-textgray self-end text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium group relative transition-all duration-300" 288 href="/resource-hub/pedestrian-traffic-fatalities-2025-data" > 289 Pedestrian Fatalities Fall 7% in 2025 290 <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange fa-solid fa-arrow-right transition-transform transform group-hover:translate-x-2"></i> 291 </a> 292 </div> 293 294 </div> 295 296 297 298 299 300 </div> 301 </div> 302</div> 303 304 305<div class="lg:w-[1028px]"> 306 <div class="grid grid-cols-1 justify-stretch lg:gap-[3%]"> 307 <div class="column"> 308 309 310 <hr class="w-full mt-4"> 311 312 313 314 315 316 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--link paragraph--view-mode--default"> 317 318 319 <div class="my-2"> 320 321 <a class="text-ghsa-textgray self-end text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium group relative transition-all duration-300" 322 href="/state-laws-issues" > 323 State Law & Issues 324 <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange fa-solid fa-arrow-right transition-transform transform group-hover:translate-x-2"></i> 325 </a> 326 </div> 327 328 </div> 329 330 331 332 333 334 </div> 335 </div> 336</div> 337</div> 338 339 </div> 340 </div> 341 </li> 342 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 343 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 344 <a href="/partner-initiatives" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Partnerships</a> 345 </div> 346 </li> 347 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 348 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 349 <a href="/membership" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Membership</a> 350 </div> 351 </li> 352 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 353 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 354 <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24">Events</a> 355 </div> 356 </li> 357 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 358 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 359 <a href="/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13">News</a> 360 </div> 361 </li> 362 <li class="menu-item lg:hover:border-ghsa-yelloworange border-transparent border-b-4 flex justify-center items-center gap-1 lg:pb-10 menu-level-0 text-sm flex flex-col lg:flex-row"> 363 <div class="flex flex-row menu-item-sub"> 364 <span data-simple-mega-menu="2">About</span> 365 <span class="menu-arrow"> 366 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-chev lg:text-ghsa-burntorange text-ghsa-yelloworange pl-1"></i> 367 <i class="hidden fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-chev lg:text-ghsa-burntorange text-ghsa-yelloworange pl-1"></i> 368 </span> 369 </div> 370 371 <div class="mega-menu-wrapper hidden lg:absolute lg:top-full w-full lg:w-[1152px] lg:right-[50px] lg:mx-4 border-ghsa-yelloworange border-b-4"> 372 <div class="flex bg-ghsa-lightgray p-14 gap-10"> 373 374 375 376<div class="simple-mega-menu mega-menu-item simple-mega-menu-type-megamenu view-mode-after max-w-72"> 377 378 379<div class="lg:w-[1028px]"> 380 <div class="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 justify-stretch lg:gap-[3%]"> 381 <div class="column"> 382 383 384 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default">
385 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Who We Are 386</span> 387 </div> 388 389 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 390 391 <ul> 392 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 393 <a href="/executive-board" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/426">Executive Board</a> 394 </li> 395 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 396 <a href="/our-team" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/49">Our Team</a> 397 </li> 398 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 399 <a href="/directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1602">Directions & Visitor Information</a> 400 </li> 401 </ul> 402 403 404 405 406 </div> 407 408 409 410 411 412 </div> 413 <div class="column"> 414 415 416 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 417 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Guiding Principals 418</span> 419 </div> 420 421 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 422 423 <ul> 424 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 425 <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/505">Mission and Vision</a> 426 </li> 427 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 428 <a href="/governing-documents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/434">Governing Documents</a> 429 </li> 430 </ul> 431 432 433 434 435 </div> 436 437 438 439 440 441 </div> 442 <div class="column"> 443 444 445 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 446 <span class="uppercase text-ghsa-burntorange text-xs border-b border-ghsa-middlegray block mb-5 py-4"> Featured Programs 447</span> 448 </div> 449 450 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--default"> 451 452 <ul> 453 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 454 <a href="/about/safety-awards" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/56">Roadway Safety Awards</a> 455 </li> 456 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 457 <a href="https://ghsa.org/resource-hub?title=&field_resource_type_target_id%5B103%5D=103">Roadway Safety Career Opportunities</a> 458 </li> 459 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 460 <a href="/BTSCRP" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/527">Federal Research Program</a> 461 </li> 462 <li class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange mb-2"> 463 <a href="/rfps" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/514">Requests for Proposals</a> 464 </li> 465 </ul> 466 467 468 469 470 </div> 471 472 473 474 475 476 </div> 477 </div> 478</div> 479</div> 480 481 </div> 482 </div> 483 </li> 484 </ul> 485 486 487 488 </nav> 489 490 </div> 491 492 </div> 493 <nav aria-label="User Menu"> 494 <ul class="m-4 mx-12 lg:mx-0 flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-4 lg:m-0 lg:gap-0 justify-center lg:justify-normal pt-4 lg:pt-0 border-t border-white lg:border-0"> 495 496 <li> 497 <a href="/resource-hub" 498 class="font-nunito inline-block m-0 499 lg:px-4 lg:py-1 500 lg:border lg:border-transparent 501 uppercase text-xs font-medium text-white hover:text-ghsa-yelloworange lg:text-ghsa-burntorange lg:hover:text-ghsa-blue 502 contrast-more:lg:border-black contrast-more:lg:ml-2"> 503 Resource Hub 504 </a> 505 </li> 506 <li> 507 <a href="https://my.ghsa.org/" 508 class="font-nunito inline-block m-0 509 lg:px-4 lg:py-1 510 lg:border lg:border-transparent 511 uppercase text-xs font-medium text-white hover:text-ghsa-yelloworange lg:text-ghsa-burntorange lg:hover:text-ghsa-blue 512 contrast-more:lg:border-black contrast-more:lg:ml-2" target="_blank"> 513 Member Login 514 </a> 515 </li> 516 <li> 517 <button class=" 518 flex-grow 519 text-ghsa-burntorange 520 underline-offset-4 521 decoration-4 522 lg:bg-inherit lg:p-0" 523 aria-label="Search Entire Site" 524 data-action="open-search">
525 <span class="font-nunito inline-block m-0 526 lg:pl-4 lg:py-1 527 lg:border lg:border-transparent 528 uppercase text-xs font-medium text-white hover:text-ghsa-yelloworange lg:text-ghsa-burntorange lg:hover:text-ghsa-blue 529 contrast-more:lg:border-black contrast-more:lg:ml-2 pr-1">Search</span> 530 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-search text-ghsa-yelloworange lg:text-ghsa-burntorange mr-2"></i> 531 </button> 532 </li> 533 </ul> 534 </nav> 535 <div id="searchForm" class="search-form hidden p-2 bg-ghsa-lightgray2 border-b border-ghsa-blue lg:absolute top-[-20px]"> 536 <form class="flex gap-2 h-10" action="/search"> 537 <input type="search" 538 placeholder="Search entire site..." 539 aria-label="Search Entire Site" 540 title="Search Site" 541 id="search_api_fulltext" 542 name="search_api_fulltext" 543 size="40" 544 maxlength="128" 545 value="" 546 class="focus:outline-none w-full px-2 text-sm border border-ghsa-middlegray" 547 /> 548 <button type="submit"> 549 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-search text-ghsa-burntorange mr-4"></i> 550 </button> 551 <button data-action="close-search"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-xmark text-ghsa-burntorange mr-2"></i></button> 552 </form> 553 </div> 554 </div><!-- menu --> 555 556 </div> 557</header> 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 <div class="region region--content"> 566 <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-ghsa-tailwind-mainpagecontent"> 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574<article> 575 <div class="mx-auto flex flex-col lg:flex-row bg-ghsa-yelloworange mix-blend-multiply"> 576 <div class="relative w-full"> 577 <div class="area text-black"> 578 <div class="p-8 lg:p-16"> 579 <h1 class="mb-2 font-bold"> 580<span>Child Passengers</span> 581</h1> 582 <!--div class="font-nunito text-lg w-[500px]"></div--> 583 </div> 584 </div> 585 <img src="/themes/ghsa_tailwind/src/images/GHSA_sunshine_Hero2.png" class="hidden lg:visible mix-blend-multiply absolute top-[40px] lg:right-[2%] transform z-50" alt="" role="presentation"> 586 </div> 587 </div> 588 <div class="area"> <div class="px-8 lg:px-16"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumbs"> 589 <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> 590 <ol class="flex"> 591 <li> 592 <a class="text-ghsa-blue hover:text-ghsa-textgray text-xs underline" href="/">Home</a> 593 594 <span class="text-ghsa-blue mx-2 mt-[6px] text-xs">/</span> 595 </li> 596 <li> 597 <a class="text-ghsa-blue hover:text-ghsa-textgray text-xs underline" href="/state-laws-issues">State Laws & Issues</a> 598 599 <span class="text-ghsa-blue mx-2 mt-[6px] text-xs">/</span> 600 </li> 601 <li> 602 <span class="text-ghsa-blue text-xs">Child Passengers</span> 603 604 </li> 605 </ol> 606 </nav> 607 </div></div> 608 <!--div class="area"> <div class="px-16"> 609 <div class="w-full mt-4"> 610 </div> 611 </div></div--> 612 </article> 613 614<div class="area pb-10 lg:pb-0"> 615 <div class="p-8 lg:p-16"> 616 <h2 class="border-b border-ghsa-middlegray text-ghsa-burntorange py-2 mb-4">Issue Overview</h2> 617 <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row mt-4"> 618 <div class="basis-full lg:basis-2/3 lg:pr-8 pt-8"> 619 <div class="rich-text"> <p>Of the 39,254 traffic fatalities in 2024 in the United States, 1,032 (3%) were children 14 and younger (<a href="https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813712"><em>Traffic Safety Facts: Children</em></a>, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA]). An estimated 160,850 children were injured in crashes in 2024. <strong>That's an average of 3 children killed and 439 children injured every day.</strong></p><p>Of the 677 children who were killed as passengers in a motor vehicle, 39% were unrestrained. Whether the driver buckles up plays a role in a child being properly restrained. Based on known restraint use, 64% percent of the children riding with unrestrained passenger vehicle drivers were also unrestrained. Additional studies show that:</p><ul><li><strong>Use of a child safety seat reduces the risk of injury for infants and toddlers by 71-82% compared with the use of seat belts alone</strong>, according to <a href="https://Use of a child safety seat reduces the risk of injury for infants and toddlers by 71-82% compared with the use of seat belts alone.">multiple</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/569418">research studies</a>.</li><li><strong>Booster seat use </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19841126/"><strong>reduces the risk for serious injury</strong></a><strong> by 45% for children ages 4-8.</strong></li></ul><p>GHSA has been a permanent voting member of the <a href="https://www.cpsboard.org/">National Child Passenger Safety Board</a> since its establishment in 1999. As the voice for the State Highway Safety Offices, our representative has a unique place on the Board.</p> 620 </div> 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 628 629 <h2 class="text-ghsa-burntorange font-light"> 630 Child Safety Seat Education 631 632 </h2> 633 634 </div> 635 636 <div class="rich-text"> <p>Although manufacturers have improved child safety seat <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/car-seats-and-booster-seats/car-seat-ease-use-ratings">ease of use ratings,</a> caregivers often want help or assurance that they are using their child's safety seat correctly. There are places for them to get help:</p><ul><li><a href="https://csftl.org/resources/manufacturer-contacts/">Car seat manufacturers</a>: In addition to phone support, many manufacturers offer video hands-on education.</li><li><a href="https://portalskcms.cyzap.net/dzapps/dbzap.bin/apps/assess/webmembers/secure/manage?webid=SKCMS&pToolCode=CERT-SEARCH&pAdd=Yes">Child Passenger Safety Technicians (CPSTs)</a>: Nationally certified by Safe Kids Worldwide, these individuals can provide direct, and often video, hands-on help and answer questions.</li><li><a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/equipment/car-seats-and-booster-seats#installation-help-inspection">Inspection Stations</a>: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) maintains a directory of many inspection stations for hands-on help either by appointment or at public events.</li></ul> 637 </div> 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 645 646 <h2 class="text-ghsa-burntorange font-light"> 647 CPS Roadmap 648 649 </h2> 650 651 </div> 652 653 <div class="rich-text"> <a href="/node/1576"><div class="image_resized align-left media-embed-resized" style="width:402px;"> 654 655 <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/cke_media_resize_medium/public/2025-10/Roadmap%20pages.png?itok=cAtCCfSk" width="500" height="400" alt="Cover of a Child Passenger Safety Roadmap document"> 656 657 658 659 660</div> 661</a><p>GHSA and State Farm® partnered in 2025 to create a <a href="/resource-hub/child-passenger-safety-roadmap" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="411d53ad-65df-44d6-bab0-9afe7e047dac" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Child Passenger Safety: A Roadmap for State Highway Safety Offices">
661comprehensive guide</a> that helps State Highway Safety Offices (SHSO) more effectively partner with community leaders, CPSTs and others working to protect kids in motor vehicles. It includes practical advice, case studies from the states and best practices for making child passenger safety a top priority and programs more efficient.</p> 662 </div> 663 664 665 <div class="rich-text"> <p><em>Last updated June 2026.</em></p> 666 </div> 667 668 669 670 </div> 671 <div class="basis-full lg:basis-1/3 lg:pl-8"> 672 673 674 675 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 676 677 <h3 class="text-ghsa-burntorange font-light"> 678 GHSA Policy 679 680 </h3> 681 682 </div> 683 684 685 686 <div> 687 688 <div> 689 690 691 <div><a href="/resource-hub/ghsa-policy-occupant-protection "><img src="/sites/default/files/2025-02/buckle.png" alt="Belt buckle"></a></div> 692 <div class="my-2"> 693 <a href="/resource-hub/ghsa-policy-occupant-protection" class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange">GHSA Policy on Occupant Protection</a> 694 </div> 695 696 <!--div class="text-ghsa-textgray text-[16px] leading-6"></div> 697 <div class="mt-6"><a href="" class="text-ghsa-textgray text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium transition-all ease-in duration-300"> Read More <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange hover:pl-2 fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i></a></div--> 698 699 </div> 700 701 </div> 702 703 704 705 706 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--heading paragraph--view-mode--default"> 707 708 <h3 class="text-ghsa-burntorange font-light"> 709 CPS Guide 710 711 </h3> 712 713 </div> 714 715 716 717 <div> 718 719 <div> 720 721 722 <div><a href="/resource-hub/child-passenger-safety-roadmap "><img src="/sites/default/files/2025-10/Roadmap%20cover_0.png" alt="A child in a car seat in the back seat of a car with an adult on either side"></a></div> 723 <div class="my-2"> 724 <a href="/resource-hub/child-passenger-safety-roadmap" class="hover:text-ghsa-burntorange">Child Passenger Safety: A Roadmap for State Highway Safety Offices</a> 725 </div> 726 727 <!--div class="text-ghsa-textgray text-[16px] leading-6"></div> 728 <div class="mt-6"><a href="" class="text-ghsa-textgray text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium transition-all ease-in duration-300"> Read More <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange hover:pl-2 fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i></a></div--> 729 730 </div> 731 732 </div> 733 734 735 </div> 736 </div> 737 </div> 738</div> 739 740<div class="bg-ghsa-lightgray"> 741 <div class="area pb-10 lg:pb-0"> 742 <div class="p-8 lg:p-8 lg:px-16"> 743 <h2 class="border-b border-ghsa-lightgray text-ghsa-burntorange py-2">State Laws Overview</h2> 744 <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-laws-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> 745 <div class="rich-text"> <p>In 1971, the federal government established minimum standards for child safety seats and restraint systems to reduce the number of children killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes. Today all states and territories have child passenger safety laws, although requirements vary based on age, weight and height. </p><p>Traffic safety groups agree that a strong child passenger safety law should:</p><ul><li>Cover all children up to age 16 in all seating positions.</li><li>Be primary enforcement.</li><li>Require all children to be in age- and size-appropriate restraint systems (rear-facing, forward-facing, booster seat).</li><li>Require children younger than 13 to be properly secured in rear seats (provided the vehicle has them), unless all available rear seats are in use by children younger than 13.</li><li>Apply to all vehicles equipped with seat belts; no vehicles (such as pickup trucks, taxis, or rental cars) should be exempt.</li><li>Make the driver responsible for restraint use by children under 16, regardless of the relationship to the child.</li><li>Allow passengers to ride only in seating areas equipped with seat belts and prohibit passengers in the cargo areas of pickup trucks.</li><li>Ensure that children with special needs use proper restraints.</li><li>Contain no exemptions, such as allowing children to be unsecured if all seat belts are in use, attending to the personal needs of the child, medical waivers, out-of-state vehicles, and/or drivers who are not the vehicle owner or who are not related to the child.</li></ul><p>Many current state laws require all children to ride in the rear seat whenever possible, and most states permit children over a particular age, height or weight to use an adult safety belt.</p><p>First offense fines for not complying with a state's child passenger safety laws vary from $10 to $500. Some states also use driver's license points as an additional penalty for noncompliance.</p><ul><li><strong>Most states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico </strong>require booster seats or other appropriate devices for children who have outgrown their child safety seats but are still too small to use an adult seat belt safely.</li></ul><p>NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on child passenger safety laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate <a href="/about/shsos">State Highway Safety Office</a> (SHSO).</p><p>Sources: <a href="http://www.iihs.org/">Insurance Institute for Highway Safety</a> (IIHS) and <a href="/about/shsos">SHSOs</a>.</p><p><em>Last updated in October 2025. Laws last reviewed by SHSOs in June 2025.</em></p> 746 </div> 747 748 749 750 </div> 751 752 753 </div> 754 </div> 755</div> 756 757<div> 758 <div class="area pb-10 lg:pb-0"> 759 <div class="px-8 lg:p-16"> 760 <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-6ec45b642014684210c8060c94f15d7d2e551d5057365916b6970c6bb855cd21"> 761 762
763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771<div class="mt-10 w-full"> 772 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 773 <div class="accordion"> 774 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 775 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Alabama</h3> 776 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 777 </span> 778 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 779 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Alabama</h3> 780 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 781 </span> 782 </div> 783 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 784 <div> 785 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Alabama</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 786 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 787 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 788 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 789 Child Restraint Required 790 </div> 791 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 792 <p>Up to 1 year old or 20 pounds must use a rear-facing seat<br>1 year or 20 pounds to 5 years or 40 pounds in a forward-facing seat<br>At least 5 years or 40 pounds to use a booster seat.<br>Booster seats until the child is six years of age.</p> 793 </div> 794 </div> 795 796 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 797 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 798 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 799 </div> 800 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 801 <p>6-14 years</p> 802 </div> 803 </div> 804 805 806 </div> 807</span></div> 808 </div> 809 </div> 810 </div> 811 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 812 <div class="accordion"> 813 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 814 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Alaska</h3> 815 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 816 </span> 817 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 818 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Alaska</h3> 819 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 820 </span> 821 </div> 822 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 823 <div> 824 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Alaska</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 825 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 826 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 827 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 828 Child Restraint Required 829 </div> 830 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 831 <p>Under 1 yr in a rear-facing car seat<br>Over 1 yr and less than 20 lbs in a rear-facing car seat<br>1 yr to under 5 yrs in an appropriate car seat or booster seat<br>5 to under 8 yrs and less than 4' 9" (57") tall and less than 65 lbs in an appropriate car seat or booster seat<br>Drivers must ensure all children under 16 are properly secured in a car seat, booster seat, or seat belt</p> 832 </div> 833 </div> 834 835 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 836 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 837 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 838 </div> 839 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 840 <p>
8404-7 yrs and 65 lbs or over (or 57" or taller) or 7-15 yrs and under 65 lbs (or below 57")</p> 841 </div> 842 </div> 843 844 845 </div> 846</span></div> 847 </div> 848 </div> 849 </div> 850 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 851 <div class="accordion"> 852 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 853 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">American Samoa</h3> 854 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 855 </span> 856 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 857 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">American Samoa</h3> 858 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 859 </span> 860 </div> 861 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 862 <div> 863 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">American Samoa</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 864 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 865 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 866 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 867 Child Restraint Required 868 </div> 869 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 870 <p>Under 4 yrs</p> 871 </div> 872 </div> 873 874 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 875 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 876 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 877 </div> 878 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 879 <p>4 yrs or older</p> 880 </div> 881 </div> 882 883 884 </div> 885</span></div> 886 </div> 887 </div> 888 </div> 889 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 890 <div class="accordion"> 891 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 892 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Arizona</h3> 893 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 894 </span> 895 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 896 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Arizona</h3> 897 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 898 </span> 899 </div> 900 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 901 <div> 902 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Arizona</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 903 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 904 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 905 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 906 Child Restraint Required 907 </div> 908 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 909 <p>4 yrs or under 5-7 yrs and under 57" tall</p> 910 </div> 911 </div> 912 913 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 914 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 915 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 916 </div> 917 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 918 <p> 5-7 yrs and over 57" tall</p> 919 </div> 920 </div> 921 922 923 </div> 924</span></div> 925 </div> 926 </div> 927 </div> 928 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 929 <div class="accordion"> 930 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 931 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Arkansas</h3> 932 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 933 </span>
934 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 935 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Arkansas</h3> 936 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 937 </span> 938 </div> 939 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 940 <div> 941 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Arkansas</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 942 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 943 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 944 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 945 Child Restraint Required 946 </div> 947 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 948 <p>5 yrs and under and under 60 lbs</p> 949 </div> 950 </div> 951 952 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 953 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 954 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 955 </div> 956 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 957 <p>6-14 yrs or 60 lbs and over</p> 958 </div> 959 </div> 960 961 962 </div> 963</span></div> 964 </div> 965 </div> 966 </div> 967 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 968 <div class="accordion"> 969 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 970 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">California</h3> 971 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 972 </span> 973 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 974 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">California</h3> 975 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 976 </span> 977 </div> 978 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 979 <div> 980 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">California</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 981 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 982 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 983 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 984 Child Restraint Required 985 </div> 986 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 987 <p>Children under 2 years old shall ride in a rear-facing seat unless the child weighs 40 or more pounds or is 40 or more inches tall. The child shall be secured in a manner that complies with the height and weight limits specified by the manufacturer of the car seat.</p><p>Children under 8 years old or have reached 4â9â in height may be secured by a booster seat, but at minimum must be secured by a seat belt.</p> 988 </div> 989 </div> 990 991 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 992 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 993 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 994 </div> 995 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 996 <p>Under 16 yrs properly restrained, including a seat belt</p> 997 </div> 998 </div> 999 1000 1001 </div> 1002</span></div> 1003 </div> 1004 </div> 1005 </div> 1006 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 1007 <div class="accordion"> 1008 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1009 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Colorado</h3> 1010 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1011 </span>
1012 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1013 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Colorado</h3> 1014 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1015 </span> 1016 </div> 1017 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 1018 <div> 1019 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Colorado</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 1020 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 1021 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1022 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1023 Child Restraint Required 1024 </div> 1025 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1026 <p>Under 2 yr and under 40 lbs in rear-facing child restraint<br>More than 40 lbs may ride forward-facing; 2â3 years and at least 20 pounds may ride in either a rear or forward-facing child restraint<br>4-8 years and at least 40 lbs in child restraint or booster (effective 01/01/25)<br>8 and younger must be in the rear seat if available (effective 01/01/25)</p> 1027 </div> 1028 </div> 1029 1030 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1031 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1032 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 1033 </div> 1034 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1035 <p>9-17 yrs (effective 01/01/25)</p> 1036 </div> 1037 </div> 1038 1039 1040 </div> 1041</span></div> 1042 </div> 1043 </div> 1044 </div> 1045 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 1046 <div class="accordion"> 1047 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1048 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Connecticut</h3> 1049 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1050 </span> 1051 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1052 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Connecticut</h3> 1053 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1054 </span> 1055 </div> 1056 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 1057 <div> 1058 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Connecticut</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 1059 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 1060 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1061 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1062 Child Restraint Required 1063 </div> 1064 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1065 <p>Under 2 yrs or under 30 lbs in rear-facing restraint system</p><p>2-5 yrs or weighing less than 40 lbs must use a child restraint with a 5-point harness</p><p>5-8 yrs or 40-60 lbs must use a booster or a 5-point harness</p><p>Booster seats only with a lap and shoulder belt</p> 1066 </div> 1067 </div> 1068 1069 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1070 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1071 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 1072 </div> 1073 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1074 <p>8-15 years and 60 lbs or over can use a safety belt or booster seat</p> 1075 </div> 1076 </div> 1077 1078 1079 </div> 1080</span></div> 1081 </div> 1082 </div> 1083 </div> 1084 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 1085 <div class="accordion"> 1086 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1087 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Delaware</h3> 1088 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1089 </span>
1090 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1091 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">Delaware</h3> 1092 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1093 </span> 1094 </div> 1095 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 1096 <div> 1097 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Delaware</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 1098 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 1099 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1100 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1101 Child Restraint Required 1102 </div> 1103 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1104 <p>Under 2 yrs and under 30 lbs in rear-facing car seat</p><p>Under 4 yrs and under 40 lbs in a harnessed child safety seat</p><p>Under 16 in booster seat until reaching the maximum height or weight limit</p><p>5'5" or less and under 12 yrs in rear seat</p> 1105 </div> 1106 </div> 1107 1108 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1109 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1110 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 1111 </div> 1112 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1113 <p>4-16 yrs if exceeds the height or weight limit of booster seat</p> 1114 </div> 1115 </div> 1116 1117 1118 </div> 1119</span></div> 1120 </div> 1121 </div> 1122 </div> 1123 <div class="views-row w-full border-b border-ghsa-middlegray py-4"> 1124 <div class="accordion"> 1125 <span class="arrow-up justify-between items-center hidden gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1126 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">District of Columbia</h3> 1127 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1128 </span> 1129 <span class="arrow-down justify-between items-center flex gap-10 cursor-pointer"> 1130 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-blue mb-2">District of Columbia</h3> 1131 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down text-ghsa-burntorange pt-2"></i> 1132 </span> 1133 </div> 1134 <div class="accordion-content hidden"> 1135 <div> 1136 <div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">District of Columbia</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--state-law-issue paragraph--view-mode--full"> 1137 <a href="/state-laws-issues/child-passengers" hreflang="en">Child Passengers</a> 1138 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1139 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1140 Child Restraint Required 1141 </div> 1142 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1143 <p>Under 2 yrs or under 40 lbs in rear-facing child restraint</p><p>2â3 yrs old and under 30 lbs in forward-facing child restraint in the back seat</p><p>Under 8 yrs old and under 57â tall in a child restraint or booster seat in the back seat</p> 1144 </div> 1145 </div> 1146 1147 <div class="flex flex-col twig-debug-active mb-0 pb-0"> 1148 <div class="text-ghsa-burntorange mb-4 working"> 1149 Adult Safety Belt Permissible 1150 </div> 1151 <div class="whitespace-pre-line leading-relaxed text-base"> 1152 <p>8-15 yrs</p> 1153 </div> 1154 </div> 1155 1156 1157 </div> 1158</span></div> 1159 </div> 1160 </div> 1161 </div> 1162 </div> 1163 1164 <nav class="pager mt-[55px] mb-[40px] col-span-2 col-start-1" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading"> 1165 <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> 1166 <ul class="pager__items js-pager__items flex flex-row gap-[10px] justify-center"> 1167 <li class="pager__item is-active bg-ghsa-lightgray2 rounded-full py-2 px-4 text-[16px]"> 1168 <a href="?page=0" title="Current page" aria-current="page">
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1284 <span class="pr-[5px] font-normal text-[12px] inline-block text-ghsa-textgray uppercase"> 1285 September 15, 2026 1286 </span> 1287 </div> 1288 1289 1290 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-burntorange inline-block my-4 hover:text-ghsa-textgray"> 1291 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/news/school-bus-survey-2026"> 1292<span>New Survey: Nearly Half of Children Riding the School Bus Have Had a Close Call with a Dangerous Driver</span> 1293</a> 1294 </h3> 1295 1296 <div class="text-ghsa-textgray text-sm lg:text-base lg:leading-6"> Nine in ten parents also support automated stop-arm camera enforcement to prevent illegal school bus passings. 1297</div> 1298 1299 <div class="mt-6"> 1300 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/news/school-bus-survey-2026" aria-label="Read More - 1301New Survey: Nearly Half of Children Riding the School Bus Have Had a Close Call with a Dangerous Driver 1302" title=" 1303New Survey: Nearly Half of Children Riding the School Bus Have Had a Close Call with a Dangerous Driver 1304" class="text-ghsa-textgray text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium group relative transition-all duration-300"> 1305 Read More 1306 <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange fa-solid fa-arrow-right transition-transform transform group-hover:translate-x-2"></i> 1307 </a> 1308 </div> 1309 </div> 1310 1311 </article> 1312 1313</file> 1314</div> 1315 <div class="views-row"><file name=0 path=/Users/jonah/Documents/GitHub/ghsa/docroot/themes/ghsa_tailwind/templates/node/node--content-list-card.html.twig> 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 <article class="flex-col gap-4 flex items-start lg:items-center lg:m-auto w-full mb-6"> 1322 1323 <div class="w-full"> 1324 <div> 1325 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/news/ghsa-2026-annual-meeting" class="relative"> 1326 <img class="w-full h-full object-cover aspect-[1.5/1] min-w-full" alt="GHSA 2026 Annual Meeting logo" src="/sites/default/files/2026-08/2026%20Resource%20Hub.png" /> 1327 </a> 1328 </div> 1329 1330 </div> 1331 <div class="flex flex-col lg:pr-10 w-full test"> 1332 <span class="mb-4 bg-ghsa-blue hover:bg-ghsa-burntorange text-white rounded-lg p-2 w-fit uppercase text-xs"> <a href="/resource-type/news-releases" hreflang="en">News Releases</a> 1333</span> 1334 1335 1336 1337 <div style="display: none"> 1338 Term raw: News Releases | Slug: news-releases 1339 </div> 1340 1341 <div class="mb-[5px]"> 1342 <span class="pr-[5px] font-normal text-[12px] inline-block text-ghsa-textgray uppercase"> 1343 August 27, 2026 1344 </span> 1345 </div> 1346 1347 1348 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-burntorange inline-block my-4 hover:text-ghsa-textgray"> 1349 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/news/ghsa-2026-annual-meeting"> 1350<span>Boldest, Most Innovative Roadway Safety Conference Yet Brings National Leaders Together in Minneapolis</span> 1351</a> 1352 </h3> 1353 1354 <div class="text-ghsa-textgray text-sm lg:text-base lg:leading-6"> GHSAâs 2026 Annual Meeting spotlights the technology reshaping roadway safety, from AI to Intelligent Speed Assistance, in conversations that will move the needle. 1355</div> 1356 1357 <div class="mt-6"> 1358 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/news/ghsa-2026-annual-meeting" aria-label="Read More - 1359Boldest, Most Innovative Roadway Safety Conference Yet Brings National Leaders Together in Minneapolis 1360" title=" 1361Boldest, Most Innovative Roadway Safety Conference Yet Brings National Leaders Together in Minneapolis 1362" class="text-ghsa-textgray text-base hover:text-ghsa-burntorange font-medium group relative transition-all duration-300"> 1363 Read More 1364 <i class="text-ghsa-burntorange fa-solid fa-arrow-right transition-transform transform group-hover:translate-x-2"></i> 1365 </a> 1366 </div> 1367 </div> 1368 1369 </article> 1370 1371</file> 1372</div> 1373 <div class="views-row"><file name=0 path=/Users/jonah/Documents/GitHub/ghsa/docroot/themes/ghsa_tailwind/templates/node/node--content-list-card.html.twig> 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 <article class="flex-col gap-4 flex items-start lg:items-center lg:m-auto w-full mb-6"> 1380 1381 <div class="w-full"> 1382 <div> 1383 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/resource-hub/school-bus-safety-action-plan" class="relative"> 1384 <img class="w-full h-full object-cover aspect-[1.5/1] min-w-full" alt="A National Action Plan for School Bus Safety" src="/sites/default/files/2026-02/School%20Bus%20Safety%20Action%20Plan%20Resource%20Page.png" /> 1385 </a> 1386 </div> 1387 1388 </div> 1389 <div class="flex flex-col lg:pr-10 w-full test">
1390 <span class="mb-4 bg-ghsa-blue hover:bg-ghsa-burntorange text-white rounded-lg p-2 w-fit uppercase text-xs"> <a href="/resource-type/ghsa-reports" hreflang="en">GHSA Reports</a> 1391</span> 1392 1393 1394 1395 <div style="display: none"> 1396 Term raw: GHSA Reports | Slug: ghsa-reports 1397 </div> 1398 1399 <div class="mb-[5px]"> 1400 <span class="pr-[5px] font-normal text-[12px] inline-block text-ghsa-textgray uppercase"> 1401 March 3, 2026 1402 </span> 1403 </div> 1404 1405 1406 <h3 class="font-normal text-ghsa-burntorange inline-block my-4 hover:text-ghsa-textgray"> 1407 <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/resource-hub/school-bus-safety-action-plan"> 1408<span>A National Action Plan for School Bus Safety</span> 1409</a> 1410 </h3> 1411 1412 <div class="text-ghsa-textgray text-sm lg:text-base lg:leading-6"> Drivers in the United States illegally pass school bus stop-arms approximately 39 million times each year. 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