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358Unlock the clarity and confidence that comes from our expertise across dozens of scientific and engineering disciplines. 359 <ul class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-intro-links"> 360 <li><a href="/expertise" class="-underline">Expertise Overview</a></li> 361 <li><a href="/testing-evaluations" class="-underline">Testing & Evaluations</a></li> 362 <li><a href="/information-resources" class="-underline">Information Resources</a></li> 363 <li><a href="/visual-communication" class="-underline">Visual Communication</a></li> 364 </ul> 365 366 </div> 367 <div class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-content" data-has-promo="true"> 368 369 370 <div class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-links"> 371 <div class="eyebrow">Expertise</div> 372 <ul class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-link-list"> 373 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 374 <a href="/expertise/biomechanics" hreflang="en">Biomechanics</a> 375 </li> 376 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 377 <a href="/expertise/biomedical-engineering-sciences" hreflang="en">Biomedical Engineering & Sciences</a> 378 </li> 379 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 380 <a href="/expertise/chemical-regulation-food-safety" hreflang="en">Chemical Regulation & Food Safety</a> 381 </li> 382 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 383 <a href="/expertise/civil-structural-engineering" hreflang="en">Civil & Structural Engineering</a> 384 </li> 385 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 386 <a href="/expertise/computer-data-security-sciences" hreflang="en">Computer, Data & Security Sciences</a> 387 </li> 388 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 389 <a href="/expertise/construction-consulting" hreflang="en">Construction Consulting</a> 390 </li> 391 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 392 <a href="/expertise/ecological-biological-sciences" hreflang="en">Ecological & Biological Sciences</a> 393 </li> 394 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 395 <a href="/expertise/electrical-engineering" hreflang="en">Electrical Engineering</a> 396 </li> 397 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 398 <a href="/expertise/environmental-and-earth-sciences" hreflang="en">Environmental & Earth Sciences </a> 399 </li> 400 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 401 <a href="/expertise/health-sciences" hreflang="en">Health Sciences</a> 402 </li> 403 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 404 <a href="/expertise/human-factors" hreflang="en">Human Factors</a> 405 </li> 406 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 407 <a href="/expertise/materials-science-electrochemistry" hreflang="en">Materials Science & Electrochemistry</a> 408 </li> 409 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 410 <a href="/expertise/mechanical-engineering" hreflang="en">Mechanical Engineering</a> 411 </li> 412 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 413 <a href="/expertise/metallurgical-corrosion-engineering" hreflang="en">Metallurgical & Corrosion Engineering</a> 414 </li> 415 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 416 <a href="/expertise/polymers-chemistry" hreflang="en">Polymers & Chemistry</a> 417 </li> 418 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 419 <a href="/expertise/thermal-sciences" hreflang="en">Thermal Sciences</a> 420 </li> 421 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 422 <a href="/expertise/user-sciences" hreflang="en">User Sciences</a> 423 </li> 424 <li class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-item"> 425 <a href="/expertise/vehicle-engineering" hreflang="en">Vehicle Engineering</a> 426 </li> 427 </ul> 428 </div> 429 430 <div class="site-header-nav-item-dropdown-promo"> 431 <div class="eyebrow">Featured Expertise</div> 432 <div class="promos"> 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 <div class="promo-featured js-link-event"> 446 <picture title="Exponent, Expertise for Battery& Energy Storage "><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_promo_featured/public/media/images/battery-abstract-hero.jpg.webp?itok=aOv1LrNL" width="300" height="220" alt="An abstract photo of battery energy. 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1754 <span class="date">May 27, 2026</span> 1755 </p> 1756 </article> 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 <article class="authors-grid"> 1765 <div class="authors-grid-inner"> 1766 <div class="authors-grid-container"> 1767 1768 <div class="partial-eyebrow"> 1769 <div class="partial-eyebrow-x" aria-hidden="true"> 1770 <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1771 <path d="M12.58 9.45783C11.9785 11.3456 10.4641 13.0777 9.32472 13.0777C7.42107 13.0777 7.18046 11.6001 6.90446 9.87497L6.60016 8.15693L4.36391 11.0557C3.727 11.8687 3.00517 13.0777 1.79505 13.0777C1.03783 13.0777 0.5 12.7172 0.5 11.9041C0.5 11.091 0.924606 10.7305 1.52613 10.7305C2.21965 10.7305 2.58057 11.6071 2.94856 11.6071C3.16086 11.6071 3.46516 11.2748 3.58547 11.1264L6.45863 7.29438L6.03402 4.63601C5.63772 2.40186 5.36881 1.8009 4.9442 1.8009C4.03838 1.8009 3.19624 3.929 2.76456 4.76328L2.12765 4.52289C2.75749 3.23613 3.76946 0.5 5.58111 0.5C7.18046 0.5 7.66875 1.97765 8.14997 4.81277C8.9638 3.81588 11.0798 0.5 12.3819 0.5C12.9551 0.5 13.5 0.895926 13.5 1.56052C13.5 2.22511 12.9834 2.64931 12.4102 2.64931C12.021 2.64931 11.5044 2.19683 11.3204 2.19683C10.7118 2.19683 8.8435 5.00366 8.32689 5.90863L9.11241 10.0729C9.32472 11.3385 9.47333 11.8758 10.0182 11.9041C10.8816 11.9465 11.6034 10.2355 12.0068 9.3235L12.58 9.47197V9.45783Z" fill="white"/> 1772</svg> 1773 </div> 1774 <h2 class="eyebrow">Authors</h2> 1775 <div class="partial-eyebrow-dash" aria-hidden="true"></div> 1776 </div> 1777 1778 <div class="authors-grid-content" data-length="3"> 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 <div class="authors-grid-card js-link-event" data-animation-duration="2000" data-animation="fadeIn"> 1791 <div class="authors-grid-card-image"> 1792 <picture title="Keith Beers, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CQE, CVFI"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/headshot_authors/public/media/images/keith-beers-37-uuid-6a8f67ed4825d.png.webp?itok=qQH9uIkr" width="125" height="125" alt="Keith Beers, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CQE, CVFI"> 1793 </picture> 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 </div> 1800 <div class="authors-grid-card-inner"> 1801 <a href="/people/keith-beers" class="authors-grid-card-name js-link-event-link">Keith Beers, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CQE, CVFI</a> 1802 1803 <p class="authors-grid-card-info">Practice Director and Principal Engineer</p> 1804 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/expertise/materials-science-electrochemistry">Materials Science and Electrochemistry</a></p> 1805 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/offices/menlo-park">Menlo Park</a></p> 1806 </div> 1807 </div> 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 <div class="authors-grid-card js-link-event" data-animation-duration="2000" data-animation="fadeIn"> 1821 <div class="authors-grid-card-image"> 1822 <picture title="Nicholas Faenza, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CVFI"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/headshot_authors/public/media/images/nicholas-faenza-949-uuid-6aac7d2a923c6.png.webp?itok=8NNX69lz" width="125" height="125" alt="Nicholas Faenza, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CVFI"> 1823 </picture> 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 </div> 1830 <div class="authors-grid-card-inner"> 1831 <a href="/people/nicholas-faenza" class="authors-grid-card-name js-link-event-link">Nicholas Faenza, Ph.D., P.E., CFEI, CVFI</a> 1832 1833 <p class="authors-grid-card-info">Principal Engineer</p> 1834 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/expertise/materials-science-electrochemistry">Materials Science and Electrochemistry</a></p> 1835 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/offices/phoenix">Phoenix</a></p> 1836 </div> 1837 </div> 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 <div class="authors-grid-card js-link-event" data-animation-duration="2000" data-animation="fadeIn"> 1851 <div class="authors-grid-card-image"> 1852 <picture title="Garrett Grocke, Ph.D."><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/headshot_authors/public/media/images/garrett-grocke-4968-uuid-6a445fd256b25.png.webp?itok=zTQ_KtFJ" width="125" height="125" alt="Garrett Grocke, Ph.D."> 1853 </picture> 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 </div> 1860 <div class="authors-grid-card-inner"> 1861 <a href="/people/garrett-grocke" class="authors-grid-card-name js-link-event-link">Garrett Grocke, Ph.D.</a> 1862 1863 <p class="authors-grid-card-info">Senior Associate</p> 1864 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/expertise/materials-science-electrochemistry">Materials Science and Electrochemistry</a></p> 1865 <p class="authors-grid-card-info"><a href="/offices/menlo-park">Menlo Park</a></p> 1866 </div> 1867 </div> 1868 1869 1870 </div> 1871 </div> 1872 </div> 1873 </article> 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 <article class="call-to-action" data-style="light" data-width="wide" data-columns="1"> 1883 1884 1885 <div class="call-to-action-inner"> 1886 <div class="call-to-action-content" data-columns="1"> 1887 1888 <div class="call-to-action-card"> 1889 <h2 class="h3">Executive Summary</h2> 1890 <div class="wysiwyg-content"> <p>Autonomous robots are transitioning from controlled settings into homes and workplaces, making battery reliability and safety a mission-critical challenge. High-energy battery packs â essential for mobility and computing â introduce new risks, including fires and toxic gas releases. Managing those risks takes system-level thinking: identifying, assessing, and mitigating battery risks through rigorous evaluations and lifecycle-focused risk management. By integrating proactive design strategies and failure analysis, product developers can address critical safety issues and safeguard their investments as robotics adoption accelerates worldwide.</p> 1891 1892</div> 1893 </div> 1894 </div> 1895 </div> 1896 </article> 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 <article class="text-block wysiwyg-content"> 1903 <h2>Key lessons from micromobility and other high-energy industries to help robotics developers manage battery risks as autonomous systems spread into homes and workplaces</h2><p>As robots move out of controlled industrial settings and into homes, warehouses, hospitals, and mixed-use environments, they require large, high-energy battery packs for motion and onboard computing. In many cases, this means robots may carry some of the largest batteries used near people and inside homes. Specialized industry standards like <a href="https://www.ul.com/services/portable-power-pack-testing">UL 2743</a> and <a href="https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-855-standard-development/855">NFPA 855</a> flag 1 kWh as a threshold for large batteries, typically limited to commercial and industrial applications, and outline more strenuous safety standards than many consumer products are held to. A single humanoid robot's battery pack may exceed this threshold many times over.</p><p>The micromobility industry experienced a similar rapid deployment of high-energy battery systems into spaces where people live and work, providing a critical precedent for the rapid scale-up of robotics development. Adoption of some micromobility technologies outpaced regulation, causing safety incidents, including thermal runaway events, intense fires, toxic off-gassing, property damage, and even fatalities. Robotics manufacturers, who are poised to deliver an estimated <a href="https://www.morganstanley.com/insights/articles/humanoid-robot-market-5-trillion-by-2050">80 million robots into homes and one billion across diverse applications by 2050</a>, may be able to avoid similar outcomes by drawing on the hard-earned lessons of fast-evolving micromobility applications.</p><p>Without regulatory frameworks to guide deployment in homes and public settings, robotics manufacturers face an increased burde
1903n of managing the inherent risks powerful battery systems can pose to workers, consumers, patients, children, and even pets. Existing codes leave critical questions unanswered. For instance, regulators have yet to determine what infrastructure beyond a standard electrical outlet is needed to safely charge a high-energy home robot, or how businesses should manage the concentrated hazard of fleet charging. Manufacturers will need to address these questions as deployment continues to outpace regulatory response.</p><p>Effectively addressing these hazards requires understanding how batteries behave in complex robotic systems, identifying failure modes before they manifest, and accounting for risks that fall outside existing standards as use cases evolve. That means building robust risk mitigation into design, testing, and product lifecycle decisions from the outset: asking the right questions, gathering the right data, stress-testing assumptions about battery behavior and system interactions, and probing for potential misuse scenarios.</p><h2>How can product developers bridge the gap between robotic capability and human safety?</h2><p>Battery risk in robotics is not defined solely by cell chemistry or energy density. It emerges from how the battery is integrated into a complex system that moves, makes decisions, interacts with people, and operates across varied environments, from factory floors to living rooms and kitchens. With batteries now supporting motion and the significant computational workloads required for AI-driven autonomy, reliability is foundational to robotic function. Early, safety-led design evaluations can focus on understanding the full range of failure modes: how they could occur, how they might propagate, and what the consequences would be under realistic conditions, including both heavy, continuous operation and light, intermittent use scenarios.</p><p> </p><blockquote><p><em>Interrogating and stress-testing assumptions helps surface blind spots before they become potentially dangerous realities. </em></p></blockquote><p> </p><h5>Systemâlevel design reviews</h5><p>Battery risk assessment begins with structured design reviews that identify battery-initiated failure modes and their system-level consequences, including design failure modes and effects analysis (DFMEA). In robotics, this work examines how battery faults such as thermal events, isolation failures, or degradation interact with electrical architectures, mechanical structures, control systems, and humanâfacing behaviors, including failâsafe responses when faults or power loss occur.</p><p>One of the key lessons learned from the micromobility ramp-up is that design evaluations can benefit from accounting for variables beyond the robot itself, such as the thermal load on standard electrical outlets or the potential need for fire-rated charging environments. Early micromobility fires frequently stemmed from design defects and thermal management systems that could not contain cascading failures across battery packs that were rushed to market. Electrical, mechanical, and thermal engineers can help manufacturers address these pivotal risk points in humanoid robotics applications.</p><p>Turning these and other precedents into a roadmap for safety requires reassessing failure modes across the product lifecycle. Interrogating and stress-testing assumptions helps surface blind spots before they become potentially dangerous realities.</p><h5>Use and abuse tolerance analyses</h5><p>Robots will face diverse conditions in handling, human interactions, and operational environments that extend well beyond controlled conditions. A home robot may be bumped by a child, knocked off a step, or caught in an accidental spill; a warehouse robot may absorb repeated impacts from carts or machinery. Use and abuse tolerance analyses and custom testing methodologies can offer critical insights into specific applications and edge cases failure modes.</p><p>Testing may also simulate impacts from falls or collisions, exposure to environmental elements and weather, or other unexpected interactions. In the micromobility sector, water immersion and moisture ingress, initially unanticipated by many OEMs, <a href="https://micromobility.io/news/rad-powers-battery-fire-warning-could-influence-the-entire-micromobility-sector">became a leading cause of field failures</a>, ranging from hoverboard fires to e-bike explosions during charging. By integrating these "off-label" abuse scenarios â such as high-pressure cleaning or prolonged exposure to moisture â into test programs, engineers can challenge design margins and better understand how risk evolves in the field.</p><h5>Battery failure containment</h5><p>If a battery fault occurs in a robotic application â whether from a collision, a degraded cell, or an unexpected electrical short â what happens next largely depends on how well the system was designed to contain it. Failure c
1903ontainment and thermal runaway propagation assessments evaluate whether faults remain localized or escalate across cells and packs. Industry standards provide a useful baseline, but robotic operating environments introduce variables like confined spaces, proximity to people, and extended use that standardized conditions often do not address.</p><p> </p><blockquote><p><em>Connecting design intent to factory-floor reality supports long-term consistency and protects against the latent defects that compromise fleet reliability.</em></p></blockquote><p> </p><p>Where design reviews identify theoretical failure pathways, containment assessments put those assumptions to the test. Engineers evaluate thermal barrier performance, cell spacing, and protective feature effectiveness under conditions that reflect how robots actually operate â not just how they were designed. Lessons from micromobility reinforce why this distinction matters: In some early e-scooter and e-bike models, containment strategies that appeared sound on paper failed to prevent single-cell thermal runaway from propagating rapidly through entire battery packs, demonstrating the importance of a well-designed containment strategy in preventing a single cell fault from becoming a system-wide catastrophe.</p><p>Understanding those gaps is precisely where engineers can add the greatest value. By developing custom test scenarios that reflect realistic configurations and edge cases, engineers can examine how thermal events initiate, how failures propagate, and how design choices â including materials selection, cell spacing, thermal barriers, and protective features â shape escalation pathways and available safety margins.</p><h5>Supply chain and manufacturing risk</h5><p>Battery risk is shaped not only by design but by how cells and packs are sourced, manufactured, and assembled across supply chains. Variability in materials, processes, and quality control can potentially introduce latent defects that influence reliability, degradation, and failure propagation over time. Factory audits and manufacturing quality evaluations are essential to identify and mitigate these risks â but without the right tools, these efforts can be ineffective and costly.</p><p>X-ray techniques such as computed tomography (CT) play an important role in non-destructively identifying internal defects, contaminants, misalignments, or manufacturing anomalies that external inspection cannot reveal. When applied across the product lifecycle, from supplier qualification to field failure investigations, these technologies and related analyses confirm that manufacturing realities align with safety requirements before issues emerge at scale. This rigor helps avoid the quality-control lapses seen in early micromobility surges, where defective cells or inconsistent assembly led to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/06/hoverboards-mass-recall-danger-explosion-fire-hazards">widespread recalls</a>. Connecting design intent to factory-floor reality supports long-term consistency and protects against the latent defects that compromise fleet reliability.</p> 1904 1905 </article> 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 <article class="call-to-action" data-style="light" data-width="wide" data-columns="1"> 1914 1915 1916 <div class="call-to-action-inner"> 1917 <div class="call-to-action-content" data-columns="1"> 1918 1919 <div class="call-to-action-card"> 1920 <h2 class="h3">Go Deeper with Expert CT Analysis</h2> 1921 <div><a href="/capabilities/battery-evaluations" class="call-to-action-link eyebrow js-link-event-link">Learn more</a></div> 1922 </div> 1923 </div> 1924 </div> 1925 </article> 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 <article class="text-block wysiwyg-content"> 1932 <h5>Accelerated lifetime analyses</h5><p>Battery safety and reliability evolve over time, making accelerated lifetime analyses critical for understanding degradation-driven risk in robotic systems. These evaluations examine how performance, reliability, and failure propensity change under realistic combinations of charging behavior, thermal cycling, mechanical loading from motion, and environmental exposure. Experience from micromobility â and EV â deployments underscore this point: frequent fast charging, subtle manufacturing defects, and unforeseen use scenarios in real-world conditions have surfaced
1932<a href="https://inl.gov/content/uploads/2023/07/EV-EVSE-Fault-Analysis-Report-Final-8-27-25-1.pdf">additional failure modes</a> that lab testing failed to anticipate, ultimately leading to costly recalls and design modifications across multiple manufacturers.</p><p>Predicting these long-term risks requires a specialized, cross-functional approach. By combining electrochemistry, materials science, and thermal engineering, specialized engineering teams leverage advanced laboratory data to analyze complex battery lifecycle and degradation data, uncovering overlooked failure modes and defining safety margins before robots deploy.</p><h2>How do insights from failure analysis help mitigate future risks?</h2><p>Even rigorous design and comprehensive testing cannot entirely eliminate battery failures â especially as robotic technologies are deployed in new and unpredictable environments. When a home robot suffers a battery-related thermal event, or an autonomous warehouse system's battery fails in a way that damages property or injures workers, the questions that follow are rarely straightforward.</p><p>Rigorous battery failure analysis and root-cause investigations are essential to determine not just what failed but why. Leveraging advanced tools such as CT scanning and materials characterization, engineers can uncover hidden defects, damage, and complex system interactions â findings that frequently play key roles in high-stakes disputes and litigation.</p><p>Critically, failure analysis and root-cause investigations provide manufacturers with the knowledge needed to address vulnerabilities and mitigate against possible future incidents. By understanding the pathways to failure, developers can strengthen their designs, refine manufacturing processes, and improve safety across both current and emerging battery technologies.</p> 1933 1934 </article> 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 <article class="accordion"> 1947 <div class="accordion-inner"> 1948 <div class="accordion-container" data-layout="standard" data-width="narrow"> 1949 <div class="accordion-standard"> 1950 <h2 class="eyebrow">What Clients Are Talking About</h2> 1951 1952 <ul class="accordion-standard-items"> 1953 1954 1955 1956 <li class="accordion-standard-item accordion-item" data-expanded="false"> 1957 <button id="accordion-6ab45b9428c1d-1" aria-controls="accordion-item-6ab45b9428c1d-1" aria-expanded="false" class="accordion-trigger"> 1958 <h3 class="h2 -bold accordion-standard-trigger">Is thermal runaway risk reduction achieved at the software level or hardware level?</h3> 1959 <div class="accordion-standard-btn"></div> 1960 </button> 1961 <div id="accordion-item-6ab45b9428c1d-1" aria-labelledby="accordion-6ab45b9428c1d-1" aria-hidden="true" role="region" class="accordion-standard-content accordion-content"> 1962 1963 <div class="accordion-standard-content-inner"> 1964 <div class="wysiwyg-content" data-image="false"> 1965 <p>Both. Should a thermal event occur in a cell, a robust design (e.g., sufficient cell-to-cell spacing, use of thermal barriers, etc.) is the primary defense against fire propagation, but software and control logic also play a critical role in early intervention. Prior to a thermal event, software and hardware decisions may help to prevent such a scenario from occurring. A design that prevents water ingress, for example, represents a hardware-based approach, while analyzing humidity sensors, battery isolation resistance, and temperature measurements would constitute a software control with appropriate hardware.</p><p>Additionally, decisions about when to restrict motion, route the robot away from people or structures, issue immediate evacuation warnings, or transition to a safe state are software-programmed decisions that should be deeply informed by an understanding of battery failure modes and systemâlevel consequences. Coordinating hardware containment with smart software responses is essential to minimize the risk of a single cell failure escalating into a catastrophic system-wide fire.</p> 1966 1967 </div> 1968 1969 </div> 1970 1971 1972 1973 </div> 1974 </li> 1975 1976 1977 1978 <li class="accordion-standard-item accordion-item" data-expanded="false"> 1979 <button id="accordion-6ab45b9428c1d-2" aria-controls="accordion-item-6ab45b9428c1d-2" aria-expanded="false" class="accordion-trigger"> 1980 <h3 class="h2 -bold accordion-standard-trigger">How can developers prepare for future regulatory scrutiny as robotics batteries scale up?</h3> 1981 <div class="accordion-standard-btn"></div> 1982 </button> 1983 <div id="accordion-item-6ab45b9428c1d-2" aria-labelledby="accordion-6ab45b9428c1d-2" aria-hidden="true" role="region" class="accordion-standard-content accordion-content"> 1984 1985 <div class="accordion-standard-content-inner"> 1986 <div class="wysiwyg-content" data-image="false"> 1987 <p>As robotic deployments grow, regulatory frameworks are likely to evolve in response to incidents, public concern, and lessons from adjacent industries such as eâmobility. Developers can prepare by documenting batteryâcentered risk assessments, testing beyond minimum standards, and demonstrating that foreseeable use and misuse scenarios were considered during design. This forwardâlooking approach not only supports compliance but also enables stakeholders to reduce liability exposure and strengthen consumer confidence.</p> 1988 1989 </div> 1990 1991 </div> 1992 1993 1994 1995 </div> 1996 </li> 1997 </ul> 1998 1999 </div> 2000 </div> 2001 </div> 2002 </article> 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 <article class="content"> 2009 <div class="content-inner"> 2010 <div class="content-cta-container" data-orientation="right"> 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 <div class="content-card-content js-link-event" data-animation-duration="1000" data-animation="fadeInUp"> 2023 <div class="content-card-content-image"> 2024 <picture><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fifty_node/public/media/images/battery-factory-50-50.jpg.webp?itok=Z7VIuYBd" width="615" height="615" alt="Battery manufacturing"> 2025 </picture> 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 </div> 2032 <div class="content-card-content-info"> 2033 <div class="eyebrow">Case 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12.4102 2.64931C12.021 2.64931 11.5044 2.19683 11.3204 2.19683C10.7118 2.19683 8.8435 5.00366 8.32689 5.90863L9.11241 10.0729C9.32472 11.3385 9.47333 11.8758 10.0182 11.9041C10.8816 11.9465 11.6034 10.2355 12.0068 9.3235L12.58 9.47197V9.45783Z" fill="white"/> 2087</svg> 2088 <div class="eyebrow">Capabilities</div> 2089 <div class="cards-intro-eyebrow-svg-line"> 2090 <div class="cards-intro-eyebrow-svg-circle cards-intro-eyebrow-svg-circle-outer"></div> 2091 <div class="cards-intro-eyebrow-svg-circle cards-intro-eyebrow-svg-circle-inner"></div> 2092 </div> 2093 </div> 2094 2095 <h2 class="h2">What Can We Help You Solve?</h2> 2096 </div> 2097 2098 <div class="cards-intro-text -center"> 2099 <p class="intro">With decades of experience and specialized thermal, chemical, electrical, material, and mechanical expertise, our expert consultants support risk evaluations and failure analysis investigations to address critical safety and reliability issues for batteries in emerging humanoid 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