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137 138 139 140</head> 141<body class="home blog wp-theme-default"> 142<div id="page"> 143 144 145<div id="header" role="banner"> 146 <div id="headerimg"> 147 <h1><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/">North Korean Economy Watch</a></h1> 148 <div class="description">News and analysis of the North Korean economy</div> 149 </div> 150</div> 151<hr /> 152 153 <div id="content" class="narrowcolumn" role="main"> 154 155 156 157 <div class="post-26796 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-agriculture category-alcohol category-political-economy" id="post-26796"> 158 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2024/01/01/north-korean-state-crackdowns-on-moonshine/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to North Korean state crackdowns on moonshine">North Korean state crackdowns on moonshine</a></h2> 159 <small>January 1st, 2024 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 160 161 <div class="entry"> 162 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2024%2F01%2F01%2Fnorth-korean-state-crackdowns-on-moonshine%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 163<p><a href="https://www.asiapress.org/rimjin-gang/2023/12/society-economy/moonshine/"><em>Asia Press </em>reported</a> a couple of weeks back about state crackdowns on illegal alcohol sales. It’s interesting that the move is highlighted as an economic measure, to push down the demand for grain:</p> 164<blockquote><p>In mid-November, a reporting partner in Yanggang Province told ASIAPRESS that the authorities had handed down an order saying that there is a complete ban on illegal alcohol manufacturing, which they referred to as an âanti-state act.â</p> 165<p><strong>âThe authorities handed down the order on November 4 saying that because most (homemade alcohols) are made of corn, the act of manufacturing alcohol with grain supplies is an anti-state act that supports the enemiesâ sanctions on the country.â</strong></p> 166<p>As this suggests, the reason the authorities are reacting so sensitively to the illicit manufacturing of alcohol is because they believe that the producersâ use of grains, which the government has recently moved to intensify control over, is a waste and serves as a threat to the countryâs already short supply of food.</p> 167<p>According to the reporting partner, agencies tasked with cracking down on illegally brewed alcohol informed neighborhood watch units that anyone found to be illegally producing alcohol will face at least three months at a short-term forced labor camp to show that the government does not forgive anyone who makes money from producing alcohol from grains.</p> 168<p>The reporting partner said that the government made several arrests to show it means business: two members of street-level enforcer teams who failed to stop the production of homebrewed alcohol after receiving bribes were punished, while two officials working at a city construction office were fired for secretly acquiring 10 liters of illegally brewed alcohol.</p></blockquote> 169<p>In context, this also appears to be part of the overall state campaign to control economic activity more tightly, but at the lowest local level.</p> 170<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2024/01/01/north-korean-state-crackdowns-on-moonshine/" data-a2a-title="North Korean state crackdowns on moonshine"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 171 172 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/agriculture/" rel="category tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/alcohol/" rel="category tag">
172Alcohol</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/political-economy/" rel="category tag">Political economy</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 173 </div> 174 175 176 <div class="post-26794 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized" id="post-26794"> 177 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/12/27/the-north-korean-economy-in-2023-2024-still-backing-into-the-future/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The North Korean Economy in 2023â2024: Still Backing into the Future">The North Korean Economy in 2023â2024: Still Backing into the Future</a></h2> 178 <small>December 27th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 179 180 <div class="entry"> 181 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F12%2F27%2Fthe-north-korean-economy-in-2023-2024-still-backing-into-the-future%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By: Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 182<p>Where does the North Korean economy stand, and where is it going? Kim Jong Un spent some of the last few days of 2023 at the 9<sup>th</sup> Plenary Meeting of the 8<sup>th</sup> Workerâs Party Central Committee that was held in Pyongyang. The meeting notes published by KCNA serve as a good guide to the economic and political priorities of the regime as well as its assessment of the year that passed.</p> 183<p>Overall, Kim Jong Un appears to be moving closer to accomplishing his vision of a tightly state-directed and overseen economic system, with some flexibility for the actors within it. We have seen over the past few years how the state has proclaimed its ambition to control and oversee the economy much more closely, with examples now abounding of this playing out in practice, from the piecemeal trade opening post-Covid-19 essentially amounting to a state ban on private actors in foreign trade, to measures like a <a href="https://www.dailynk.com/english/n-korea-initiatives-first-proper-reregistration-campaign-for-businesses-agencies-in-three-years/">recent reregistration campaign for businesses</a> in an effort to more closely oversee what goes on in the economy and extract rents and taxes. Kim Jong Un intends to put a stop to the economic anarchy that has plagued major aspects of the North Korean economy since the famine and subsequent marketization. Full central planning is not the goal, but the tighter screws on the economy can still make much damage in suppressing trade, investment, and initiative. They likely already are.</p> 184<p>Although it makes for gloomy prospects, this is in line with Kimâs policy aspirations. All in all, 2023 is arguably the first year since the start of the pandemic where some sort of progress has been made in the economy, but it isnât much. This yearâs harvest was, as the plenum summary notes, not just good but significantly better than last yearâs. The plenum summary credits this to investments in expanding irrigation systems:</p> 185<p>â<em>On the agricultural front, the dominant height for national economic development, the huge annual irrigation construction target decisive of substantial and profitable development was fulfilled ahead of schedule and a rare harvest was achieved. And the successes on 12 major goals were made one after another.â</em></p> 186<p>Though this may certainly have played a role (if these investments occurred on a significant scale), luck with good weather is the main explanation. As a <a href="https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/highlights/2023/08/NorthKorea/index.pdf">USDA projection states</a>,</p> 187<p>â<em>This yearâs growing season began with beneficial soil moisture conditions, and the rainfall outlook continued to be above average providing favorable conditions for planting, crop establishment, and reproduction during May to early August. The conditions have continued to raise yield expectations from average to above-average especially for the major, summer-grown food security crops of corn and rice.â</em></p> 188<p>This positive assessment of base conditions also bears out in the <a href="https://www.dailynk.com/english/north-korea-market-trends-rice/">market price data</a>, where lower rice prices suggests a greater availability of rice. However, this is not an achievement by the state, rather mostly a work of luck and chance.</p> 189<p>The fact that a stabile harvest is such a success itself points to the rough state of the economy and its dim prospects. A good harvest absent systemic reforms is rarely a political achievement. On the international arena, the regime has been backing into the future by moving closer to both Russia and China while closing embassies on a large scale in other countries. As the world moves toward a world order more resembling the Cold War, North Korea
189is going back to its roots as well. Whatâs happening in the domestic economy seems to be mimicking and following along with this dynamic. The focus on the plenum on mere manufacturing capabilities, mostly within North Koreaâs traditionally emphasized heavy industries, also points to a move backwards, to an economy much more in line with North Korean tradition, perhaps as a significant future weapons manufacturer for the emerging anti-American world bloc. For the North Korean population, hoping and expecting more marketization and a higher quality of life, this is unlikely to be good news in the long run.</p> 190<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/12/27/the-north-korean-economy-in-2023-2024-still-backing-into-the-future/" data-a2a-title="The North Korean Economy in 2023â2024: Still Backing into the Future"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 191 192 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 193 </div> 194 195 196 <div class="post-26792 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-china category-illicit-activities category-international-trade" id="post-26792"> 197 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/12/11/why-is-china-cracking-down-on-illegal-fishing-in-north-korea/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Why is China cracking down on illegal fishing in North Korea?">Why is China cracking down on illegal fishing in North Korea?</a></h2> 198 <small>December 11th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 199 200 <div class="entry"> 201 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Fwhy-is-china-cracking-down-on-illegal-fishing-in-north-korea%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 202<p><em>Daily NKÂ </em>has reported on several occasions on Chinese fishing activities in North Korean waters. Chinese fishers purchase fishing rights from the North Korean government, a practice clearly banned under the current sanctions regime. China has been cracking down on this over the past few months and on sales of seafood from North Korea overall, <a href="https://www.dailynk.com/english/china-cracks-down-on-sale-of-n-korean-seafood-in-markets/">according to the outlet</a>:</p> 203<blockquote><p>The Chinese government has recently stepped up surveillance and inspections of ships passing through North Korean waters and has even started to crackdown on the sale of North Korean seafood in the countryâs markets, Daily NK has learned.</p> 204<p>Speaking on condition of anonymity for security reasons, a source in China told Daily NK on Dec. 5 that the Chinese authorities are requiring all ships approaching North Korean waters be equipped with GPS, automatic identification systems, and other navigation and communication devices in order to report their location.</p> 205<p>The authorities are doing this to determine where ships have been and for how long, as well as to investigate what ships were doing in North Korean waters. If they confirm that a vessel was fishing in North Korean waters, they confiscate all the seafood the ship has caught.</p> 206<p>Accordingly, Chinese vessels that used to fish in North Korean waters are taking a major hit. The source said a fishing boat that recently tried to bring into China clams caught in North Korea is faced with having to pay hundreds of thousands of yuan in fines.</p> 207<p>Now forced to pay large fines if caught, Chinese fishery operators say an investigation in their activities might even put them out of business.</p> 208<p>[…]</p> 209<p>Chinese authorities are also cracking down on sales of North Korean seafood in markets near the North Korea-China border. North Korean seafood exports are banned under UN Security Council Resolution 2371.</p> 210<p>Previously, Chinese authorities did not go out of their way to stop Chinese nationals from importing and selling North Korean seafood, but crackdowns have been intensifying recently.</p> 211<p>In fact, Chinese businesspeople used to sell North Korean seafood openly due to its popularity, but they do not now because inspection teams are checking the origins of the products they sell.</p> 212<p>In regards to this situation, Chinese fishery operators and North Korean seafood sellers say the United States is putting pressure on China to enforce sanctions on North Korea, or that the authorities are cracking down because âChina must follow international law for it to play its role in the international community.â</p></blockquote> 213<p>The article cites China’s ambition to appear a responsible actor in the international system in order to exert influence on the current events in Gaza as the reason for its crackdowns on this practice. I’m somewhat skeptical to this explanation. Although it might play a role, I suspect that a more basic ambition to uphold the rules and laws of the region may be what’s behind the Chinese crackdown. In any event, it is a very interesting data point, especially in a time when it’s been assumed that China’s sanctions enforcement would be very lax due to US-China tensions.</p> 214<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/12/11/why-is-china-cracking-down-on-illegal-fishing-in-north-korea/" data-a2a-title="Why is China cracking down on illegal fishing in North Korea?"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div>
214 </div> 215 216 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/" rel="category tag">China</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/" rel="category tag">Illicit activities</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 217 </div> 218 219 220 <div class="post-26779 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-international-trade category-political-economy category-russia" id="post-26779"> 221 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/09/12/what-kim-jong-uns-russia-visit-could-mean-for-the-north-korean-economy/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to What Kim Jong Un’s Russia visit could mean for the North Korean economy">What Kim Jong Un’s Russia visit could mean for the North Korean economy</a></h2> 222 <small>September 12th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 223 224 <div class="entry"> 225 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F09%2F12%2Fwhat-kim-jong-uns-russia-visit-could-mean-for-the-north-korean-economy%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By: Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 226<p>Early this morning local time, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un <a href="https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20230912000455325?section=nk/nk">arrived</a> in the Russian town of Vladivostok. There, he is scheduled to meet with Russian president Vladimir Putin. Aside from the geopolitical situation and their political ties, the two are expected to discuss expanding North Korean weapons exports to Russia.</p> 227<p>What could this mean for the North Korean economy?</p> 228<p>The countryâs military industry is an economic sector of significant size both in terms of production and employment. A radical increase in weapons exports to Russia could mean a general boost for the economy through increased consumption.</p> 229<p>Gains will, however, be limited by the military industryâs isolated position in the economic structure. Many of the military’s factories supply themselves with most essential raw materials through mines and energy supply channels of their own. While many other sectors in the economy have essentially been privatized since the mid-1990s, the arms industry is entirely controlled and centrally planned by the state. Weapons exports to Russia could in fact hamper North Koreaâs economic development in the long run by diminishing the regimeâs incentives to reform the domestic economy.</p> 230<p>Although the sector is far from the countryâs top employer, with two million estimated workers in the defense industry, its contribution to the economy is significant. For a sense of proportion, North Koreaâs 2008 census lists 4.4 million as workers in agriculture (including forestry and fishing), 718,000 in mining and quarrying, and close to 3 million in manufacturing. A massive and sudden expansion in weapons exports would not drastically change North Koreaâs economic situation but could nonetheless make a modest contribution to economic growth and consumption.</p> 231<p><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-26780 size-full" src="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion.jpg" alt="" width="1663" height="1003" srcset="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion.jpg 1663w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion-300x181.jpg 300w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion-1024x618.jpg 1024w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion-768x463.jpg 768w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/nk-arms-industry-proportion-1536x926.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1663px) 100vw, 1663px" /></a></p> 232<p>Data sources: <a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf">DPRK 2008 Census</a>, Namhoon Cho (<a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429466793-27/north-korea-defense-industry-namhoon-cho">2019</a>)* (see p. 576 for figures.)</p> 233<p>As graph 1 shows, the countryâs defense industry is estimated to be the third largest employer in the country. Because the data is so unreliable, these figures should not be taken at face-value. Rather, the proportions are what matter. Regardless of their exact number compared with other groups in the workforce, at an estimated two million, their employees are numerous enough for a drastic increase in purchase orders from Russia to boost the economy through increased wages, expanded hiring, or a combination of both. Major and continuous orders from Russia would benefit some parts of the military industry more than others.</p> 234<p>Most profits will likely go directly to the state and the military, but workers in the industry may see their pay rise, and new colleagues recruited, if the orders from Russia end up being large enough. All this will have ripple effects on the overall economy, with increased consumption stimulating the consumer goods economy and service sector as well. Economic benefits are likely to be highly regional, with the impoverished Jagang province standing out as a central beneficiary thanks to its high concentration of arms factories.</p> 235<p>In the long run, however, North Koreaâs economic benefits will likely be limited. The military economy is independent from the âpeopleâs economyâ and is usually known as âthe second economy.â The military often operates its own factories and mines through a military-industrial
235complex of sorts, and do not need to turn to other sectors of the economy for raw materials and other inputs. All this is by design, to give the military special status in funding and budget priorities. This limits the potential spillover effects into other industries.</p> 236<p>Overall, boosted arms industry exports could diminish the regimeâs incentives to develop the market system. The North Korean leadership is currently on a campaign to restore (at least some of) the stateâs power over the economic system, including the private and semi-private sectors such as the general market and service sectors. An inflow of cash or other compensation from Russia, such as vast amounts of fuel oil and food, could give the regime more space and safety to suppress private economic activity in favor of the state-controlled sector. This fits well with the regimeâs current strategy for the economy but will dampen the countryâs long-term prospects for economic development.</p> 237<p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"></a></p> 238<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/09/12/what-kim-jong-uns-russia-visit-could-mean-for-the-north-korean-economy/" data-a2a-title="What Kim Jong Unâs Russia visit could mean for the North Korean economy"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 239 240 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/political-economy/" rel="category tag">Political economy</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/russia/" rel="category tag">Russia</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 241 </div> 242 243 244 <div class="post-26754 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-coronavirus category-health-care category-market-prices category-statistics" id="post-26754"> 245 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/20/north-korean-market-prices-suggest-serious-food-shortages/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to North Korean market prices suggest serious food shortages">North Korean market prices suggest serious food shortages</a></h2> 246 <small>June 20th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 247 248 <div class="entry"> 249 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F06%2F20%2Fnorth-korean-market-prices-suggest-serious-food-shortages%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By: Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 250<p>Recently, the <em>BBC </em>became one of few global outlets to succeed in <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65881803">interviewing ordinary North Koreans inside the country about the food situation</a>. The image is dire: starvation, empty markets and other signs of severe food shortages.</p> 251<p>In the past few years when reports of food scarcity have surfaced from North Korea, market prices have given remarkably little credence to the claims. Not so at the moment. Comparing current prices levels with historic ones, the overall picture suggests that prices since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic (and the North Korean governmentâs border closure), market prices have moved to a permanently higher level, indicating that overall supply of food is lower. This does not give us a specific number on how severe the food shortage is, but it gives quantitative evidence that food has become significantly scarcer since the onset of the pandemic.</p> 252<p>To show this, I use market price data gathered and reported by <em>Rimjingang</em>, an online news outlet with sources inside North Korea that regularly publish market prices. I chose this specific data set because it is transparent and specific about where in the country the data comes from. Due to tightened border controls under Kim Jong Unâs tenure, information from inside North Korea has become even more difficult to access. Therefore, transparency about the data is crucial.</p> 253<p>The price data almost exclusively comes from the region bordering China, such as Ryanggang and North Hamgyong provinces. The border region is different from the rest of the country in several crucial respect, perhaps most crucially in that it is much more involved in trade and smuggling with China than other regions. Nonetheless, the North Korean market system is integrated to some extent, with goods being transported around the country for sale. Although dilapidated infrastru
253cture and harsh state regulations make internal travel difficult, the overall price trends very likely hold for the national level.</p> 254<p> </p> 255<p><em>Market changes after Covid-19 </em></p> 256<p>Prices fluctuate frequently on North Koreaâs markets, but usually within a more or less fixed span. The following graph shows prices for North Koreaâs two main staple goods, rice and corn, from 2017 until mid-June this year. The prices are shown in <em>renminbi</em>, the most commonly used foreign currency in the border region, to check for inflation in the North Korean currency, Korean Peopleâs Won (KPW).</p> 257<p><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-26757 size-large" src="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-1024x677.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="298" srcset="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-1024x677.jpg 1024w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-300x198.jpg 300w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-768x508.jpg 768w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-1536x1016.jpg 1536w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph1-rice-and-corn-2048x1354.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100v
257w, 450px" /></a></p> 258<p>The left side of the graph shows prices before Covid-19. Aside from a few nonsignificant bumps, prices hovered between 1â1.5 RMB for corn and 3.5 RMB for rice for the most part prior to the inception of the pandemic, fluctuating throughout the year. Interestingly, although North Korea closed its borders in January 2020 to protect against the virus, prices donât truly begin to move until October that year.</p> 259<p>Over the course of the next few months, however, prices for both rice and corn climbed significantly.</p> 260<p><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-26756 size-large" src="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-1024x531.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="233" srcset="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-1024x531.jpg 1024w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-300x155.jpg 300w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-768x398.jpg 768w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-1536x796.jpg 1536w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-2-rice-2048x1061.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100v
260w, 450px" /></a></p> 261<p>Rice prices rose from their regular level to move between 4 and close to 6 RMB in late 2020 and early 2021 and shot up drastically during the spring and summer months, the lean season before the fall harvest, when the storage of food begins to dry up. Prices normally go up during this season, but perhaps a spreading awareness that the border wouldnât open anytime soon pushed prices up much further than normal. After shooting up to close to 15RMB and remaining much higher than normal for several months, prices stabilized at an interval between 8 and 4.5â5 from the fall of 2021 and onward. Prices have been moving around 5RMB since the end of 2022. That is an approximate 1.5RMB difference from the normal price level, or 42 percent.</p> 262<p>On the one hand, prices now are much more stable than last yearâs fluctuations to very high levels. On the other hand, the price level is now permanently higher, meaning that North Korean consumers face a permanently higher price level. Higher prices, logically, suggest that supply has dropped. In other words, with food supply lower, people must pay significantly more for the same amounts of food.</p> 263<p>We see the same dynamics in prices of corn. Graph 3 below show corn prices from the fall of 2017 until the latest observation in mid-June:</p> 264<p><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-26755 size-large" src="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-1024x442.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="194" srcset="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-1024x442.jpg 1024w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-300x129.jpg 300w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-768x331.jpg 768w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-1536x663.jpg 1536w, https://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/graph-3-corn-2048x884.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 450px) 100v
264w, 450px" /></a></p> 265<p>Corn is a generally less preferred staple good for North Korean consumers, meaning that people tend to increase their consumption of corn when food overall becomes more expensive. From moving around 1.5RMB/kg before the pandemic, corn prices climbed significantly from late 2020, hitting almost 3RMB â a doubling of the normal price level â by March 2021. Prices then climbed further during the rest of the year and hovered around 4RMB in the late summer and fall. Since late 2022, prices have moved between 2.3 and close to 3RMB, meaning they have increased by at least more than half on the lower end of the spectrum, and doubled for the higher end.</p> 266<p><em>Conclusion </em></p> 267<p>None of this is evidence of a widespread famine in North Korea, and the <em>BBC</em>âs three eyewitness testimonies also do not fully prove anything of the sort. But that the country is experiencing a significant food shortage seems beyond doubt, as suggested both by reports from people inside the country as well as market prices. These prices do not tell the full story. The situation likely varies significantly between regions, and the state appears to have increased food ration distributions to parts of the public (see one example <a href="https://www.dailynk.com/english/north-hamgyong-province-distributes-food-workers-major-factories/">here</a>). That trade with China has continued to open up little by little in 2023 has probably contributed to food prices stabilizing as well. Still, current price levels remain far higher than normal. For a populationâs whose margins are mostly very small, if it doesnât amount to starvation, it means that an already difficult situation has gone from bad to worse.</p> 268<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/20/north-korean-market-prices-suggest-serious-food-shortages/" data-a2a-title="North Korean market prices suggest serious food shortages"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 269 270 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/coronavirus/" rel="category tag">Coronavirus</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/" rel="category tag">Health care</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/market-prices/" rel="category tag">Market prices</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/statistics/" rel="category tag">Statistics</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 271 </div> 272 273 274 <div class="post-26749 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-international-trade category-sanctions-international-trade" id="post-26749"> 275 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/16/missing-the-target-the-complicated-truth-about-sanctions-on-north-korea/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to MISSING THE TARGET: The complicated truth about sanctions on North Korea">MISSING THE TARGET: The complicated truth about sanctions on North Korea</a></h2> 276 <small>June 16th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 277 278 <div class="entry"> 279 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F06%2F16%2Fmissing-the-target-the-complicated-truth-about-sanctions-on-north-korea%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>The following article was published in <a href="https://www.eastasiaforum.org/quarterly/">East Asia Forum Quarterly</a>‘s June issue, and is re-published here with permission. </em></p> 280<p>On the surface, sanctions seem to have had little impact on North Koreaâs behaviour. At the time of writing, the world is waiting for the launch of a new North Korean military spy satellite that Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un announced on 19 April 2023.</p> 281<p>
281North Korea is under one of the harshest multilateral sanctions regimes of any country in the world. But the country still circumvents sanctions regularly through complex smuggling operations at which it is by now very adept. This situation raises questions about whether sanctions on North Korea have failed.</p> 282<p>It is true that sanctions have not reached the stated political goal of inducing North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons. The country has made impressive advances in missile technology and is evidently capable of acquiring the necessary technology despite sanctions. The âspy satelliteâ launch would be one of around 30 missiles tested in 2023.</p> 283<p>Although North Korea has ways to evade sanctions, this does not mean sanctions have no impact. Sanctions interplay with domestic governance and economic systems in ways that are complex and often hard to fully evaluate. The alternative to sanctions is not an open, liberal and free-trading North Korea, but likely a slightly more well-off version of its current state.</p> 284<p>The issue of evasion illustrates why the impact of sanctions is so hard to evaluate. Sanctions-evading actions are not rare events, but are institutionalised within North Koreaâs economy. Since the 1970s, North Korea has <a href="https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/topics/north-korean-smuggling">systematically smuggled</a> alcohol, tobacco, drugs and other contraband through its diplomatic networks abroad. These activities <a href="https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/TGIATOC-Diplomats-and-Deceipt-DPRK-Report-1868-web.pdf">continue today</a> and with North Korean capabilities expanding into the <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-57520169">cyber realm</a>, sources of illicit income will likely continue to constitute an underestimated part of the regimeâs hard-currency revenue flows.</p> 285<p>But sanctions evasion and smuggling are very expensive activities. For Chinese, Taiwanese and Singaporean <a href="https://c4ads.org/reports/black-gold/">trading companies and entities</a> to risk smuggling oil to North Korea, Pyongyang must pay a massive risk premium on its purchases. North Korea has to pay well above market prices to give sellers a reason to take the risk of arrest and prosecution for sanctions violations.</p> 286<p>The same is true for illicit North Korean exports. Sanctions do not stop coal exports entirely, but they slash the prices that North Korea can charge. Any buyerâalmost always Chinaâwill only risk
286importing from North Korea if prices are cheap enough to outweigh the risks. Even prior to the harsher sanctions levied in 2016 and 2017, China, through its position as a virtual monopoly buyer, <a href="https://www.piie.com/blogs/north-korea-witness-transformation/china-ripping-north-korea-part-i">consistently paid below-market prices</a> for North Korean coal. This dynamic is likely even stronger today, as Chinese imports of coal and other sanctioned North Korean goods continue but go mostly unrecorded.</p> 287<p>Despite North Koreaâs evasion tactics, sanctions are indisputably hurting the North Korean economy. The country’s exports are estimated to be worth only a few hundred million dollars per yearâmuch smaller than its . The UN Panel of Experts estimated, for example, that North Korea earned around 370 million dollars from sanctions-violating coal exports in 2019. This is only a fraction of the 1.19 billion dollars it earned from such exports in 2016, before the harsher sanctions.</p> 288<p>The civilian impact of sanctions is unclear. On one hand, sanctions have likely dealt a harsh blow to labour-intensive industries like textiles, where a of workers are women, resulting in increased unemployment and lower wages. The falling incomes of North Koreans working in sanctioned industries substantially dampen the wider economy. On the other hand, there is <a href="http://www.keia.org/sites/default/files/publications/kei_jointus-korea_2019_3.5.pdf">no evidence</a> that sanctions have driven up the price of food or other essential goods.</p> 289<p>Sanctions have undoubtedly worsened North Koreaâs food shortage by hindering imports of fertiliser and spare parts for agricultural equipment. North Koreaâs own border closure, though, likely also provided an obstacle to foreign trade. But the impact of sanctions on North Koreaâs food system is minimal compared with the regimeâs refusal to undertake basic reforms in agriculture. The government bristles at dismantling collective farms or letting farmers sell their products on open markets.</p> 290<p>Trade by evasion should logically become easier and cheaper. For sanctions to be effective against North Korea, <a href="https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2022-01/China-North_Korea_Strategic_Rift.pdf">China</a>âwhich constitutes more than 90 per cent of North Koreaâs foreign tradeâwould have to implement them. As USâChina tensions continue to grow, reasons for China to implement sanctions on North Korea are diminishing.</p> 291<p>Reports of North Korean trade deals in weapons and labour with Russia in the wake of Russiaâs invasion of Ukraine are already circulating. Very little is confirmed about these transactions, but there is evidence to support increased economic exchange between the countries. Earlier this year, <a href="https://beyondparallel.csis.org/arms-oil-and-coal-the-tumangang-khasan-railroad-crossing/">satellite imagery</a> from the border area indicated that Russia was increasing oil exports to North Korea while exporting unknown goods that could be arms destined for the Wagner Group.</p> 292<p>But this does not change North Koreaâs situation. Combined with its poor global reputation, sanctions will continue to make North Korea dependent on a very small number of trade partnersâmainly China âwho can charge highly unfavourable prices.</p> 293<p>None of this is to say that the current thinking on North Korea sanctions is without serious flaws. The demand that denuclearisation should come before any relief on sanctions, for example, is unrealistic. But many also exaggerate the possible gains of abolishing sanctions. A <a href="https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-ap-top-news-north-korea-vietnam-north-america-0fb3266b603d473b90dd768d596bcca4">common misperception</a> is that, were sanctions to be lifted, North Korea would open its doors to foreign investors who would flock to the country for its strategic geographic location and cheap labour.</p> 294<p>Removing sanctions would not change the basics of North Koreaâs economic system. Despite a permissive attitude towards markets during former supreme leader Kim Jong-ilâs reign and the first few years of Kim Jong-unâs, <a href="https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/10/north-koreas-economy-is-recentralised-and-china-reliant/">harsh state control</a> over the economy best serves the regimeâs political and social goals by allowing it to control the distribution of resources. Sanctions hurt, but removing them is no silver bullet for political or economic progress.</p> 295<p><em>Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein is Associate Fellow at the Swedish Institute for Foreign Affairs and a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Safra Center for Ethics at Tel Aviv University.</em></p> 296<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/16/missing-the-target-the-complicated-truth-about-sanctions-on-north-korea/" data-a2a-title="MISSING THE TARGET: The complicated truth about sanctions on North Korea"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div>
296 </div> 297 298 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/sanctions-international-trade/" rel="category tag">Sanctions</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 299 </div> 300 301 302 <div class="post-26747 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-china category-international-trade category-oil category-russia" id="post-26747"> 303 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/15/how-large-are-russias-oil-exports-to-north-korea-in-context/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to How large are Russia’s oil exports to North Korea in context?">How large are Russia’s oil exports to North Korea in context?</a></h2> 304 <small>June 15th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 305 306 <div class="entry"> 307 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F06%2F15%2Fhow-large-are-russias-oil-exports-to-north-korea-in-context%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By: Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 308<p>For the first time since 2020, Russia recently reported oil exports to North Korea in their official trade statistics. These numbers obviously do not include the unknown but likely large quantities of oil that the <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-north-korea-oil-exchange/4515243.html">country buys from Russia under the radar, through smuggling</a>. According to the official numbers,</p> 309<blockquote> 310<p class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__full_width__ekUdw body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI" data-testid="paragraph-2">Russia had exported 67,300 barrels of refined petroleum to North Korea by April, the first deliveries reported to the U.N. since Moscow said it shipped 255 barrels of refined oil to the North in August 2020.</p> 311<p class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__full_width__ekUdw body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI" data-testid="paragraph-3">Under U.N. sanctions against Pyongyang’s nuclear and missile programmes, countries are required to report monthly sales of refined petroleum to the Security Council North Korea sanctions committee.</p> 312<p class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__full_width__ekUdw body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI" data-testid="paragraph-4">The oil sales began shortly after train travel between Russia and North Korea resumed in November for the first time since 2020, raising expectations of a resumption of trade.</p> 313</blockquote> 314<p data-testid="paragraph-4">(<a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/russia-resumes-oil-exports-north-korea-after-long-pause-data-2023-06-14/">Reuters</a>)</p> 315<p data-testid="paragraph-4">Although likely an underestimate of the total (including smuggling), this number is significant, not least because of the rapid increase. But as with other current trade figures on North Korea right now, as the border seems to be opening slowly to trade, the numbers are only a fraction of North Korea’s regular imports. North Korea’s <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=north+korea+400%2C000+barrels&sxsrf=APwXEdeqT_k182kQpCGUCTRshPuLdafCSA%3A1686824032230&ei=YOSKZIW1DdSWrwTngY2wDQ&ved=0ahUKEwiF5fSZhcX_AhVUy4sKHedAA9YQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=north+korea+400%2C000+barrels&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIECCMQJzoKCAAQRxDWBBCwA0oECEEYAFDbBFiqCWCsCmgBcAF4AIAB3AGIAaAEkgEFMC4yLjGYAQCgAQHAAQHIAQg&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#:~:text=Japan%2C%20South%20Korea,%E2%80%BA%20Asia%20Pacific">annual imports of refined petroleum before the pandemic</a>, for example, were estimated at 4.5 million barrels per year. Assuming the same pace of Russian exports continues through the year, that would put these imports for North Korea at around 3 percent of total annual imports.</p> 316<p data-testid="paragraph-4">This is not to say that the news isn’t significant, particularly if it marks the beginning of a longer trend. But for now, North Korea’s oil and fuel imports remain, as far as we can tell, far lower than their regular levels.</p> 317<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/06/15/how-large-are-russias-oil-exports-to-north-korea-in-context/" data-a2a-title="How large are Russiaâs oil exports to North Korea
317in context?"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 318 319 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/" rel="category tag">China</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/oil/" rel="category tag">Oil</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/russia/" rel="category tag">Russia</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 320 </div> 321 322 323 <div class="post-26740 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-china category-international-trade category-political-economy category-statistics" id="post-26740"> 324 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/05/24/why-the-north-korea-china-trade-increase-could-be-an-illusion/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Why the North KoreaâChina trade increase could be an illusion">Why the North KoreaâChina trade increase could be an illusion</a></h2> 325 <small>May 24th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 326 327 <div class="entry"> 328 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F05%2F24%2Fwhy-the-north-korea-china-trade-increase-could-be-an-illusion%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By: Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 329<p>North KoreaâChina trade is steadily growing, perhaps slowly moving back to its normal before Covid-19 -“Maximum pressure” sanctions in 2016â2017. According to the latest numbers, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/chinas-exports-north-korea-surge-april-2023-05-20/">trade continues to grow</a>:</p> 330<blockquote> 331<p class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__full_width__ekUdw body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI" data-testid="paragraph-1">Chinese outbound shipments to the isolated country surged 69% year-on-year to $166 million in April, data released by China’s General Administration of Customs showed.</p> 332<p class="text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__full_width__ekUdw body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI" data-testid="paragraph-2">The top export items in terms of value were processed hair and wool used in wigs, worth about $11.6 million, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, a widely used fertiliser, worth $8.84 million.</p> 333</blockquote> 334<p>But it is far from back to the “old normal” before 2017. Look, for example, at what is being exported. The <a href="https://www.voakorea.com/a/7104277.html">biggest export products</a> were wigs and fake eyelashes, accounting for over 66 percent of exports to China. This is part of an offshoring industry where North Korea first imports hair from China, and then locally manufactures it into wigs to export back. Sales of wigs, eyelashes and related products accounted for close to $22.7 million in April. To get a sense of proportion, consider that coal exports, formerly one of North Korea’s most central export goods, totalled $1.19 billion in 2016, a little over $99 million per month on average. So when we look at North Korea’s most central exports at the moment, they are still very small compared to the increasingly distant normal. Wigs just aren’t economically meaningful in the same way as coal.</p> 335<p>None of this is to say the increase in trade isn’t meaningful. North Korean imports from China may be just as meaningful or perhaps even more so for the economy at this point, with inputs both for export-destined wigs and fertilizer being the central import goods. The increase in trade is certainly positive for the North Korean economy, but it does not seem to (yet) change the overall dynamics where North Korea still cannot export its formerly most important export goods openly, without circumvention and smuggling that involves significant costs. It could be that covert exports will eventually reach the old level of openly reported exports, but we don’t have any hard data to suggest that is yet the case.</p> 336<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/05/24/why-the-north-korea-china-trade-increase-could-be-an-illusion/" data-a2a-title="Why the North KoreaâChina trade increase could be an illusion"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div>
336 </div> 337 338 <p class="postmetadata"> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/" rel="category tag">China</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/political-economy/" rel="category tag">Political economy</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/statistics/" rel="category tag">Statistics</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 339 </div> 340 341 342 <div class="post-26731 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-china category-international-trade tag-corona" id="post-26731"> 343 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/05/11/yet-another-north-korea-china-border-opening-report-including-tourism/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Yet another North KoreaâChina border opening report (including tourism)">Yet another North KoreaâChina border opening report (including tourism)</a></h2> 344 <small>May 11th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 345 346 <div class="entry"> 347 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F05%2F11%2Fyet-another-north-korea-china-border-opening-report-including-tourism%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 348<p>At this point, non-materializing reports about the ChinaâNorth Korea opening for full traffic are too many to count. A recent story by SCMP (link <a href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3220093/china-north-korea-truck-trade-may-fully-resume-1-month-along-tourism-source">here</a>) claims both truck trade and tourism from China to North Korea will start in one month. But “sources briefed by officials on both sides” is an acknowledgment that the report is not based on direct sources. And as has seemed the case for North Korea since Covid-19, plans for policy changes can often change and often do. Judging by the policy pattern, there doesn’t seem to be an overall strategy or timeplan.</p> 349<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/05/11/yet-another-north-korea-china-border-opening-report-including-tourism/" data-a2a-title="Yet another North KoreaâChina border opening report (including tourism)"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 350 351 <p class="postmetadata">Tags: <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/tag/corona/" rel="tag">Corona</a><br /> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/" rel="category tag">China</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 352 </div> 353 354 355 <div class="post-26718 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-china category-international-trade tag-corona" id="post-26718"> 356 <h2><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/03/30/as-chinese-ambassador-arrives-is-north-korea-opening-up/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to As Chinese ambassador arrives, is North Korea opening up?">As Chinese ambassador arrives, is North Korea opening up?</a></h2> 357 <small>March 30th, 2023 <!-- by Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein --></small> 358 359 <div class="entry"> 360 <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2F2023%2F03%2F30%2Fas-chinese-ambassador-arrives-is-north-korea-opening-up%2F&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=350&action=recommend&colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:350px;height:30px;margin-top:5px;"></iframe><p><em>By:Â </em><em>Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein</em></p> 361<p>After a very long hiatus over the pandemic, China’s new ambassador to North Korea has taken up his post in Pyongyang, AP <a href="https://apnews.com/article/china-north-korea-ambassador-covid-9b5687444ea181bdf62aaf903e4c42a5">reports</a>:</p> 362<blockquote> 363<p class="Component-root-0-2-70 p Component-p-0-2-61">Wang Yajun will help in the development of the traditional friendship between the âclose neighbors sharing mountains and rivers,â Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said at a daily briefing.</p> 364<p class="Component-root-0-2-70 p Component-p-0-2-61">China is North Koreaâs main source of economic aid and political support, but interactions have been disrupted by travel restrictions imposed in an attempt to prevent the spread of COVID-19.</p> 365<p class="Component-root-0-2-70 p Component-p-0-2-61">The ambassadorâs posting comes as North Korean state media reported that leader Kim Jong Un urged his nuclear scientists to increase production of weapons-grade material to make bombs to put on the countryâs widening range of weapons.</p> 366<p class="Component-root-0-2-70 p Component-p-0-2-61">The report Tuesday followed a series of missile launches â seven this month alone â and rising threats to use the weapons against North Koreaâs enemies.</p> 367</blockquote> 368<p>(Full article <a href="https://apnews.com/article/china-north-korea-ambassador-covid-9b5687444ea181bdf62aaf903e4c42a5">here</a>.)</p> 369<p>
369Does this signal a broader relaxation in North Korea’s border restrictions, brightening prospects for trade to open up more broadly as well? Maybe. After all, there’s been signs for many months (well over a year), from infrastructure construction to (fairly tangible) rumors reported from the border area. And imports have increased, <a href="https://www.dailynk.com/english/north-korean-rice-prices-fall-due-expanding-food-imports-china/">particularly of food</a>, resulting in prices stabilizing somewhat.</p> 370<p>At the same time, there are good reasons to doubt it. Welcoming back a Chinese envoy is, after all, a decision more in the realm of foreign policy and diplomacy than economics and pandemic prevention. Thus far there have been no reports in outlets such as <em>Daily NK </em>or <em>Rimjingang </em>suggesting a major reversal in trade policy is imminent. To the contrary, the bigger pattern seems to be the state centralizing control over trade while keeping it at a very small minimum. Whatever trade regime emerges from this, it may not look like the old one.</p> 371<div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2023/03/30/as-chinese-ambassador-arrives-is-north-korea-opening-up/" data-a2a-title="As Chinese ambassador arrives, is North Korea opening up?"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><img src="https://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_256_24.png" alt="Share"></a></div></div> </div> 372 373 <p class="postmetadata">Tags: <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/tag/corona/" rel="tag">Corona</a><br /> Posted in <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/" rel="category tag">China</a>, <a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/" rel="category tag">International trade</a> | <span>Comments Closed</span></p> 374 </div> 375 376 377 <div class="navigation"> 378 <div class="alignleft"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/page/2/" >« Older Entries</a></div> 379 <div class="alignright"></div> 380 </div> 381 382 383 </div> 384 385 <div id="sidebar" role="complementary"> 386 <ul> 387 <li> 388 <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/"> 389 <div> 390 <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> 391 <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> 392 <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> 393 </div> 394 </form> </li> 395 396 <!-- Author information is disabled per default. 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href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/10/'>October 2010</a></li> 561 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/09/'>September 2010</a></li> 562 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/08/'>August 2010</a></li> 563 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/07/'>July 2010</a></li> 564 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/06/'>June 2010</a></li> 565 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/05/'>May 2010</a></li> 566 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/04/'>April 2010</a></li> 567 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/03/'>March 2010</a></li> 568 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/02/'>February 2010</a></li> 569 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/01/'>January 2010</a></li> 570 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/12/'>December 2009</a></li> 571 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/11/'>November 2009</a></li> 572 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/10/'>October 2009</a></li> 573 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/09/'>September 2009</a></li> 574 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/08/'>August 2009</a></li> 575 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/07/'>July 2009</a></li> 576 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/06/'>June 2009</a></li> 577 <li>
577<a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/05/'>May 2009</a></li> 578 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/04/'>April 2009</a></li> 579 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/03/'>March 2009</a></li> 580 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/02/'>February 2009</a></li> 581 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2009/01/'>January 2009</a></li> 582 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/12/'>December 2008</a></li> 583 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/11/'>November 2008</a></li> 584 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/10/'>October 2008</a></li> 585 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/09/'>September 2008</a></li> 586 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/08/'>August 2008</a></li> 587 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/07/'>July 2008</a></li> 588 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/06/'>June 2008</a></li> 589 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/05/'>May 2008</a></li> 590 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/04/'>April 2008</a></li> 591 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/03/'>March 2008</a></li> 592 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/02/'>February 2008</a></li> 593 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2008/01/'>January 2008</a></li> 594 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/12/'>December 2007</a></li> 595 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/11/'>November 2007</a></li> 596 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/10/'>October 2007</a></li> 597 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/09/'>September 2007</a></li> 598 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/08/'>August 2007</a></li> 599 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/07/'>July 2007</a></li> 600 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/06/'>June 2007</a></li> 601 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/05/'>May 2007</a></li> 602 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/04/'>April 2007</a></li> 603 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/03/'>March 2007</a></li> 604 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/02/'>February 2007</a></li> 605 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2007/01/'>January 2007</a></li> 606 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/12/'>December 2006</a></li> 607 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/11/'>November 2006</a></li> 608 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/10/'>October 2006</a></li> 609 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/09/'>September 2006</a></li> 610 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/08/'>August 2006</a></li> 611 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/07/'>July 2006</a></li> 612 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/06/'>June 2006</a></li> 613 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/05/'>May 2006</a></li> 614 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/04/'>April 2006</a></li> 615 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/03/'>March 2006</a></li> 616 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/02/'>February 2006</a></li> 617 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2006/01/'>January 2006</a></li> 618 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/12/'>December 2005</a></li> 619 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/11/'>November 2005</a></li> 620 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/10/'>October 2005</a></li> 621 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/09/'>September 2005</a></li> 622 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/08/'>August 2005</a></li> 623 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/07/'>July 2005</a></li> 624 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/06/'>June 2005</a></li> 625 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/04/'>April 2005</a></li> 626 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/03/'>March 2005</a></li> 627 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/02/'>February 2005</a></li> 628 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2005/01/'>January 2005</a></li> 629 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/12/'>December 2004</a></li> 630 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/11/'>November 2004</a></li> 631 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/10/'>October 2004</a></li> 632 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/09/'>September 2004</a></li> 633 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/08/'>August 2004</a></li> 634 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/07/'>July 2004</a></li> 635 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/05/'>May 2004</a></li> 636 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/04/'>April 2004</a></li> 637 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/03/'>March 2004</a></li> 638 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/02/'>February 2004</a></li> 639 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2004/01/'>January 2004</a></li> 640 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/12/'>December 2003</a></li> 641 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/11/'>November 2003</a></li> 642 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/10/'>October 2003</a></li> 643 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/09/'>September 2003</a></li> 644 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/08/'>August 2003</a></li> 645 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/07/'>July 2003</a></li> 646 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/06/'>June 2003</a></li> 647 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/05/'>May 2003</a></li> 648 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/04/'>April 2003</a></li> 649 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/03/'>March 2003</a></li> 650 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/02/'>February 2003</a></li> 651 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2003/01/'>January 2003</a></li> 652 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/12/'>December 2002</a></li> 653 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/11/'>November 2002</a></li> 654 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/10/'>October 2002</a></li> 655 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/09/'>September 2002</a></li> 656 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/08/'>August 2002</a></li> 657 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/07/'>July 2002</a></li> 658 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/06/'>June 2002</a></li> 659 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/05/'>May 2002</a></li> 660 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/04/'>April 2002</a></li> 661 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2002/03/'>March 2002</a></li> 662 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2001/10/'>October 2001</a></li> 663 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2001/08/'>August 2001</a></li> 664 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2001/05/'>May 2001</a></li> 665 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2000/06/'>June 2000</a></li> 666 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1998/07/'>July 1998</a></li> 667 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1997/11/'>November 1997</a></li> 668 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1997/10/'>October 1997</a></li> 669 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1997/09/'>September 1997</a></li> 670 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1997/06/'>June 1997</a></li> 671 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1996/12/'>December 1996</a></li> 672 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/1994/03/'>March 1994</a></li> 673 <li><a href='https://www.nkeconwatch.com/205/09/'>September 205</a></li> 674 </ul> 675 </li> 676 677 <li class="categories"><h2>Categories</h2><ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-332"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/advertising/">Advertising</a> (36) 678</li> 679 <li class="cat-item cat-item-44">
679<a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/agriculture/">Agriculture</a> (597) 680</li> 681 <li class="cat-item cat-item-283"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/alcohol/">Alcohol</a> (36) 682</li> 683 <li class="cat-item cat-item-339"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/antiques/">Antiques</a> (7) 684</li> 685 <li class="cat-item cat-item-11"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/architecture/">Architecture</a> (39) 686</li> 687 <li class="cat-item cat-item-66"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/biotech/">Biotech</a> (11) 688</li> 689 <li class="cat-item cat-item-94"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/">Civil society</a> (918) 690<ul class='children'> 691 <li class="cat-item cat-item-54"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/">Art</a> (367) 692 <ul class='children'> 693 <li class="cat-item cat-item-177"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/animation/">Animation</a> (34) 694</li> 695 <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/domestic-publication/">Domestic publication</a> (146) 696 <ul class='children'> 697 <li class="cat-item cat-item-706"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/domestic-publication/economic-research-journal/">Economic Research Journal</a> (5) 698</li> 699 <li class="cat-item cat-item-231"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/domestic-publication/joint-editorials/">Kim's New Year Address (Joint editorials)</a> (33) 700</li> 701 <li class="cat-item cat-item-540"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/domestic-publication/korea-today/">Korea Today</a> (4) 702</li> 703 </ul> 704</li> 705 <li class="cat-item cat-item-29"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/film/">Film</a> (86) 706</li> 707 <li class="cat-item cat-item-73"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/music/">Music</a> (62) 708</li> 709 <li class="cat-item cat-item-70"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/art/television/">Television</a> (52) 710</li> 711 </ul> 712</li> 713 <li class="cat-item cat-item-325"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/cosmetics/">Cosmetics</a> (20) 714</li> 715 <li class="cat-item cat-item-367"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/datingcourting/">Dating/Courting</a> (25) 716</li> 717 <li class="cat-item cat-item-86"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/religion/">Religion</a> (74) 718</li> 719 <li class="cat-item cat-item-55"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/restaurants/">Restaurants</a> (66) 720</li> 721 <li class="cat-item cat-item-53"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/">Sports</a> (186) 722 <ul class='children'> 723 <li class="cat-item cat-item-774"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/basketball/">Basketball</a> (1) 724</li> 725 <li class="cat-item cat-item-500"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/figure-skating/">Figure skating</a> (3) 726</li> 727 <li class="cat-item cat-item-26"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/football-soccer/">Football (soccer)</a> (61) 728</li> 729 <li class="cat-item cat-item-257"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/gambling/">Gambling</a> (21) 730</li> 731 <li class="cat-item cat-item-141"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/golf/">Golf</a> (16) 732</li> 733 <li class="cat-item cat-item-644"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/gymnastics/">Gymnastics</a> (2) 734</li> 735 <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/mass-games/">Mass games</a> (48) 736</li> 737 <li class="cat-item cat-item-704"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/civil-society/sports/olympics/">Olympics</a> (3) 738</li> 739 </ul> 740</li> 741</ul> 742</li> 743 <li class="cat-item cat-item-289"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/clothing/">Clothing</a> (46) 744</li> 745 <li class="cat-item cat-item-50"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/">Communications</a> (247) 746<ul class='children'> 747 <li class="cat-item cat-item-51"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/cell-phones/">
747Cell phones</a> (120) 748</li> 749 <li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/email/">Email</a> (16) 750</li> 751 <li class="cat-item cat-item-64"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/internet/">Internet</a> (68) 752</li> 753 <li class="cat-item cat-item-329"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/intranet/">Intranet</a> (28) 754</li> 755 <li class="cat-item cat-item-60"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/radio/">Radio</a> (40) 756</li> 757 <li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/communications/telephones/">Telephones</a> (38) 758</li> 759</ul> 760</li> 761 <li class="cat-item cat-item-69"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/computing/">Computing/IT</a> (152) 762</li> 763 <li class="cat-item cat-item-407"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/construction/">Construction</a> (184) 764</li> 765 <li class="cat-item cat-item-404"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/crime/">Crime</a> (12) 766<ul class='children'> 767 <li class="cat-item cat-item-645"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/crime/lawsuits/">Lawsuits</a> (4) 768</li> 769</ul> 770</li> 771 <li class="cat-item cat-item-93"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/">DPRK organizations</a> (909) 772<ul class='children'> 773 <li class="cat-item cat-item-238"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/">Companies</a> (235) 774 <ul class='children'> 775 <li class="cat-item cat-item-408"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/516-construction-company/">516 Construction Company</a> (1) 776</li> 777 <li class="cat-item cat-item-482"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/anju-coal-mining-association/">Anju Coal Mining Association</a> (1) 778</li> 779 <li class="cat-item cat-item-527"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/association-no2/">Association No.2</a> (2) 780</li> 781 <li class="cat-item cat-item-431"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/baekdu-company/">Baekdu Company</a> (1) 782</li> 783 <li class="cat-item cat-item-379"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/dprk-chamber-of-commerce/">Chamber of Commerce (DPRK)</a> (11) 784</li> 785 <li class="cat-item cat-item-259"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/changgwang-sinyong-corporation/">Changgwang Sinyong Corporation</a> (1) 786</li> 787 <li class="cat-item cat-item-650"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/checom-technology-joint-venture-company/">Checom Technology Joint Venture Company</a> (2) 788</li> 789 <li class="cat-item cat-item-661"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/cheongusan-trading-company/">Cheongusan Trading Company</a> (1) 790</li> 791 <li class="cat-item cat-item-198"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/chollima-steel-kombinat/">Chollima Steel Kombinat</a> (3) 792</li> 793 <li class="cat-item cat-item-442"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/choson-bongwha-company/">Choson Bongwha Company</a> (1) 794</li> 795 <li class="cat-item cat-item-594"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/chosun-energy/">Chosun Energy</a> (2) 796</li> 797 <li class="cat-item cat-item-456"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/chosun-international-development-trust-company/">Chosun International Development Trust Company</a> (2) 798</li> 799 <li class="cat-item cat-item-429"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/daedong-river/">Daedong River</a> (1) 800</li> 801 <li class="cat-item cat-item-587"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/daesong-bank/">Daesong Bank</a> (4) 802</li> 803 <li class="cat-item cat-item-306"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/daesong-market/">Daesong Market</a> (1) 804</li> 805 <li class="cat-item cat-item-606"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/daesong-bat-jv-company/">Daesong-BAT JV Company</a> (4) 806</li> 807 <li class="cat-item cat-item-292"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/daesung-trading-company/">Daesung Trading Company</a> (6) 808</li> 809 <li class="cat-item cat-item-294"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/dakor/">Dakor</a> (1) 810</li> 811 <li class="cat-item cat-item-307"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/department-store-no-1/">Department Store No. 1</a> (3) 812</li> 813 <li class="cat-item cat-item-433"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/dongbang-seafood/">Dongbang Seafood</a> (1) 814</li> 815 <li class="cat-item cat-item-371"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/donghae-marine-products-for-exports/">Donghae Marine Products for Exports</a> (1) 816</li> 817 <li class="cat-item cat-item-211"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/electronic-products-development-company/">Electronic Products Development Company</a> (1) 818</li> 819 <li class="cat-item cat-item-174"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/foreign-construction-company/">Foreign Construction company</a> (1) 820</li> 821 <li class="cat-item cat-item-448"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/general-federation-of-science-and-technology-of-dprk/">General Federation of Science and Technology of DPRK</a> (1) 822</li> 823 <li class="cat-item cat-item-613"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/global-interface-company-inc/">Global Interface Company Inc.</a> (1) 824</li> 825 <li class="cat-item cat-item-432"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/goonpyo/">Goonpyo</a> (1) 826</li> 827 <li class="cat-item cat-item-296"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/gwang-myong-it-center/">Gwang Myong IT Center</a> (1) 828</li> 829 <li class="cat-item cat-item-712"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/haedanghwa-foodstuff-company/">Haedanghwa Foodstuff Company</a> (1) 830</li> 831 <li class="cat-item cat-item-399"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/hana-electronics-company/">Hana Electronics Company</a> (8) 832</li> 833 <li class="cat-item cat-item-614"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/hesong-trading-corporation/">Hesong Trading Corporation</a> (1) 834</li> 835 <li class="cat-item cat-item-817"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/heuimang-investments-group-limited/">Heuimang Investments Group Limited</a> (1) 836</li> 837 <li class="cat-item cat-item-252"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/heung-nam-pharmaceutical-company/">Heung Nam Pharmaceutical Company</a> (2) 838</li> 839 <li class="cat-item cat-item-629"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/heungjin-trading-co/">Heungjin Trading Co.</a> (1) 840</li> 841 <li class="cat-item cat-item-248"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/huichon-machine-tool-plant/">Huichon Machine-tool Plant</a> (1) 842</li> 843 <li class="cat-item cat-item-265"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/hungsong-economic-group/">Hungsong Economic Group</a> (1) 844</li> 845 <li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/hyesan-youth-cooper-mine/">Hyesan Youth Cooper Mine</a> (6) 846</li> 847 <li class="cat-item cat-item-523"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/hyoksin-trading-corporation/">Hyoksin Trading Corporation</a> (4) 848</li> 849 <li class="cat-item cat-item-176"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/industrial-tech-co/">Industrial Tech Co.</a> (1) 850</li> 851 <li class="cat-item cat-item-462"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/jeongchon-mine/">Jeongchon Mine</a> (1) 852</li> 853 <li class="cat-item cat-item-386"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/kangsung-trading-company/">Kangsung Trading Company</a> (1) 854</li> 855 <li class="cat-item cat-item-616"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/kohas-ag/">Kohas AG</a> (1) 856</li> 857 <li class="cat-item cat-item-459"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/komdok-mine/">Komdok Mine</a> (1) 858</li> 859 <li class="cat-item cat-item-333"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-advertising-company/">
859Korea Advertising Company</a> (1) 860</li> 861 <li class="cat-item cat-item-615"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-complex-equipment-import-corporation/">Korea Complex Equipment Import Corporation</a> (1) 862</li> 863 <li class="cat-item cat-item-213"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-computer-center-kcc/">Korea Computer Center (KCC)</a> (22) 864 <ul class='children'> 865 <li class="cat-item cat-item-330"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-computer-center-kcc/kwangmyong-computer-network/">Kwangmyong computer network</a> (1) 866</li> 867 </ul> 868</li> 869 <li class="cat-item cat-item-444"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-education-foundation/">Korea Education Foundation</a> (1) 870</li> 871 <li class="cat-item cat-item-617"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-international-chemical-joint-venture-company/">Korea International Chemical Joint Venture Company</a> (1) 872</li> 873 <li class="cat-item cat-item-560"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-kaeson-general-trading-corp/">Korea Kaeson General Trading Corp</a> (1) 874</li> 875 <li class="cat-item cat-item-618"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-kwangsong-trading-corporation/">Korea Kwangsong Trading Corporation</a> (2) 876</li> 877 <li class="cat-item cat-item-564"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-mechanical-industry-co/">Korea Mechanical Industry Co.</a> (1) 878</li> 879 <li class="cat-item cat-item-385"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-mining-development-trading-corporation/">Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (aka Kapmun Tosong, KOMID)</a> (17) 880</li> 881 <li class="cat-item cat-item-480"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-national-insurance-corporation/">Korea National Insurance Corporation</a> (10) 882</li> 883 <li class="cat-item cat-item-758"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-natural-resources-trading-corporation/">Korea Natural Resources Trading Corporation</a> (1) 884</li> 885 <li class="cat-item cat-item-245"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-oriental-instant-medicinal-center/">Korea Oriental Instant Medicinal Center</a> (1) 886</li> 887 <li class="cat-item cat-item-410"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-pugang-corporation/">Korea Pugang Corporation</a> (2) 888</li> 889 <li class="cat-item cat-item-619"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-pugang-mining-and-machinery-corporation-ltd/">Korea Pugang Mining and Machinery Corporation ltd.</a> (1) 890</li> 891 <li class="cat-item cat-item-513"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-ryongbong-general-corp/">Korea Ryongbong General Corp</a> (3) 892</li> 893 <li class="cat-item cat-item-620"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-ryongwang-trading-corporation/">Korea Ryongwang Trading Corporation</a> (1) 894</li> 895 <li class="cat-item cat-item-280"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-sogyong-trading-corporation/">
895Korea Sogyong Trading Corporation</a> (2) 896</li> 897 <li class="cat-item cat-item-561"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-taepung-international-investment-group/">Korea Taepung International Investment Group (Daepung Investment Group)</a> (29) 898 <ul class='children'> 899 <li class="cat-item cat-item-562"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-taepung-international-investment-group/state-development-bank/">State Development Bank</a> (9) 900</li> 901 </ul> 902</li> 903 <li class="cat-item cat-item-621"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-tonghae-shipping-company/">Korea Tonghae Shipping Company</a> (1) 904</li> 905 <li class="cat-item cat-item-682"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korea-unpung-joint-operating-company/">Korea Unpung Joint Operating Company</a> (1) 906</li> 907 <li class="cat-item cat-item-608"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korean-international-trading-company/">Korean International Trading Company</a> (1) 908</li> 909 <li class="cat-item cat-item-518"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/korean-tangun-trading-corp/">Korean Tangun Trading Corp (aka Chasongdang Trading Co.)</a> (3) 910</li> 911 <li class="cat-item cat-item-418"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/kosun-import-export/">Kosun Import-Export</a> (2) 912</li> 913 <li class="cat-item cat-item-794"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/kumunsan-trade-corporation/">Kumunsan Trade Corporation</a> (1) 914</li> 915 <li class="cat-item cat-item-188"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/kwangmyongsong-general-corp/">Kwangmyongsong General Corp.</a> (2) 916</li> 917 <li class="cat-item cat-item-260"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/lyongaksan-general-trading-company/">Lyongaksan General Trading Company</a> (1) 918</li> 919 <li class="cat-item cat-item-251"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/maebong-company/">Maebong Company</a> (3) 920</li> 921 <li class="cat-item cat-item-205"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/mansudae-creative-company-art-studio/">Mansudae creative Company (art studio)</a> (28) 922</li> 923 <li class="cat-item cat-item-175"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/mansudae-overseas-development-group/">Mansudae Overseas Development Group</a> (14) 924</li> 925 <li class="cat-item cat-item-481"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/minjok-insurance-general-company/">Minjok Insurance General Company</a> (2) 926</li> 927 <li class="cat-item cat-item-492"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/mokong-trading-corporation/">Mokong Trading Corporation</a> (2) 928</li> 929 <li class="cat-item cat-item-364"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/myungjin-trade-company/">Myungjin Trade Company</a> (1) 930</li> 931 <li class="cat-item cat-item-555"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/nagwon-financial-joint-venture-corporation/">Nagwon Financial Joint Venture Corporation</a> (1) 932</li> 933 <li class="cat-item cat-item-516"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/namchongang-trading-corporation/">Namchongang Trading Corporation</a> (4) 934</li> 935 <li class="cat-item cat-item-366"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/nanam-pharmaceutical-factory/">Nanam Pharmaceutical Factory</a> (1) 936</li> 937 <li class="cat-item cat-item-396"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/national-economic-cooperation-federation-dprk/">National Economic Cooperation Federation (DPRK)</a> (3) 938</li> 939 <li class="cat-item cat-item-430"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/neungra/">Neungra</a> (1) 940</li> 941 <li class="cat-item cat-item-489"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/paekho-arts-trading-company/">Paekho Arts Trading Company</a> (1) 942</li> 943 <li class="cat-item cat-item-288"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pakchon-silk-mill/">Pakchon Silk Mill</a> (1) 944</li> 945 <li class="cat-item cat-item-246"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pugang-pharmaceutic-co/">Pugang Pharmaceutic Co</a> (1) 946</li> 947 <li class="cat-item cat-item-322"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pyongsu-pharma/">PyongSu Pharma</a> (10) 948</li> 949 <li class="cat-item cat-item-212"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pyongyang-informatics-center-pic/">Pyongyang Informatics Center (PIC)</a> (7) 950</li> 951 <li class="cat-item cat-item-321"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pyongyang-law-office/">Pyongyang Law Office</a> (1) 952</li> 953 <li class="cat-item cat-item-376"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/pyongyang-myongdang-trading-corporation/">Pyongyang Myongdang Trading Corporation</a> (1) 954</li> 955 <li class="cat-item cat-item-649"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/ruskor-international-company-ltd/">RUSKOR International Company Ltd</a> (1) 956</li> 957 <li class="cat-item cat-item-302"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/ryonbong-general-corporation/">Ryonbong General Corporation</a> (6) 958</li> 959 <li class="cat-item cat-item-589"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/ryongaksan-general-trading-company/">Ryongaksan General Trading Company</a> (1) 960</li> 961 <li class="cat-item cat-item-605"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/ryonha-machine-tool-factory-jv-company/">Ryonha Machine Tool Factory (JV Company)</a> (3) 962</li> 963 <li class="cat-item cat-item-469"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/saebyol-general-company/">Saebyol General Company</a> (3) 964 <ul class='children'> 965 <li class="cat-item cat-item-467"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/saebyol-general-company/pyongyang-hemp-textiles-co/">Pyongyang Hemp Textiles Co.</a> (3) 966</li> 967 </ul> 968</li> 969 <li class="cat-item cat-item-590"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/saebyul-coal-mining-complex/">Saebyul Coal Mining Complex</a> (1) 970</li> 971 <li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/samcholli-general-corp/">Samcholli General Corp.</a> (3) 972</li> 973 <li class="cat-item cat-item-460"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sangwon-cement-factory/">Sangwon Cement Factory</a> (2) 974</li> 975 <li class="cat-item cat-item-236"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sek-studio/">SEK Studio</a> (5) 976</li> 977 <li class="cat-item cat-item-275"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sinheung-trade-company/">Sinheung Trade Company</a> (3) 978</li> 979 <li class="cat-item cat-item-453"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sini-jvc/">Sini JVC</a> (1) 980</li> 981 <li class="cat-item cat-item-537"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sinji-jv-group/">Sinji JV group</a> (1) 982</li> 983 <li class="cat-item cat-item-493"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sino-ki/">Sino-Ki</a> (2) 984</li> 985 <li class="cat-item cat-item-622"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sobaeku-united-corp/">Sobaeku United Corp</a> (1) 986</li> 987 <li class="cat-item cat-item-607"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sogyong-general-trading-corp/">Sogyong General Trading Corp</a> (1) 988</li> 989 <li class="cat-item cat-item-520"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/star-bravo/">Star Bravo</a> (1) 990</li> 991 <li class="cat-item cat-item-597"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/star-joint-venture/">Star Joint Venture</a> (2) 992</li> 993 <li class="cat-item cat-item-286"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sungho-ri-concrete-tie-factory/">Sungho-ri concrete tie factory</a> (1) 994</li> 995 <li class="cat-item cat-item-229"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/sunpyong-stuffed-toy-factory/">Sunpyong Stuffed Toy Factory</a> (1) 996</li> 997 <li class="cat-item cat-item-193"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/tian-ming-trading-company/">Tian Ming Trading Company</a> (1) 998</li> 999 <li class="cat-item cat-item-295"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/tin-ming-alan-cg-studio/">Tin Ming Alan CG Studio</a> (1) 1000</li> 1001 <li class="cat-item cat-item-732"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/tongsin-international-trading-corporation/">Tongsin International Trading Corporation</a> (1) 1002</li> 1003 <li class="cat-item cat-item-623"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/tosong-technology-trading-corporation/">Tosong Technology Trading Corporation</a> (1) 1004</li> 1005 <li class="cat-item cat-item-624"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/trans-merits-co-ltd/">Trans Merits Co. Ltd.</a> (1) 1006</li> 1007 <li class="cat-item cat-item-370"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/unphasan-pharmaceutical-institute/">
1007Unphasan Pharmaceutical Institute</a> (1) 1008</li> 1009 <li class="cat-item cat-item-417"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/wolmyongsan-progress-joint-venture/">Wolmyongsan Progress Joint Venture</a> (1) 1010</li> 1011 <li class="cat-item cat-item-319"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/yongdeung-mine/">Yongdeung mine</a> (1) 1012</li> 1013 <li class="cat-item cat-item-461"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/yongho-mine/">Yongho Mine</a> (1) 1014</li> 1015 <li class="cat-item cat-item-256"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/companies/zokwang-trading-company/">Zokwang Trading Company</a> (5) 1016</li> 1017 </ul> 1018</li> 1019 <li class="cat-item cat-item-192"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/korean-peoples-army/">Korean People's Army</a> (52) 1020 <ul class='children'> 1021 <li class="cat-item cat-item-343"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/korean-peoples-army/kpa-general-political-bureau/">KPA General Political Bureau</a> (6) 1022</li> 1023 <li class="cat-item cat-item-384"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/korean-peoples-army/kpa-publishing-dept/">KPA Publishing Dept.</a> (1) 1024</li> 1025 </ul> 1026</li> 1027 <li class="cat-item cat-item-107"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/national-defense-commission/">National Defense Commission</a> (85) 1028 <ul class='children'> 1029 <li class="cat-item cat-item-591"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/national-defense-commission/ministry-of-people%e2%80%99s-security/">Ministry of Peopleâs Security (Criminal Police)</a> (25) 1030</li> 1031 <li class="cat-item cat-item-165"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/national-defense-commission/ministry-of-state-security/">Ministry of State Security (MPSS, NSA, SSD)</a> (34) 1032</li> 1033 </ul> 1034</li> 1035 <li class="cat-item cat-item-287"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/">State Offices</a> (531) 1036 <ul class='children'> 1037 <li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/asia-pacific-peace-committee/">Asia-Pacific Peace Committee</a> (9) 1038</li> 1039 <li class="cat-item cat-item-351"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/buddhist-alliance/">Buddhist Alliance</a> (2) 1040</li> 1041 <li class="cat-item cat-item-168"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/bureau-of-special-zone-development/">Bureau of Special Zone Development</a> (14) 1042 <ul class='children'> 1043 <li class="cat-item cat-item-220"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/bureau-of-special-zone-development/kaesong-development-agency/">Kaesong Development Agency</a> (3) 1044</li> 1045 <li class="cat-item cat-item-169"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/bureau-of-special-zone-development/kaesong-industrial-district-development-committee/">Kaesong Industrial District Development Committee</a> (6) 1046</li> 1047 <li class="cat-item cat-item-363"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/bureau-of-special-zone-development/korea-land-corp/">Korea Land Corp. (RoK office)</a> (5) 1048</li> 1049 </ul> 1050</li> 1051 <li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/">Cabinet</a> (146) 1052 <ul class='children'> 1053 <li class="cat-item cat-item-731"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/central-trade-supervision-agency/">Central Trade Supervision Agency</a> (2) 1054</li> 1055 <li class="cat-item cat-item-681"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/mining-industry-department/">Mining Industry Department</a> (4) 1056</li> 1057 <li class="cat-item cat-item-725"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/ministry-for-the-electronics-industry/">Ministry for the Electronics Industry</a> (2) 1058</li> 1059 <li class="cat-item cat-item-784"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/ministry-of-external-economic-affairs/">Ministry of External Economic Affairs</a> (36) 1060 <ul class='children'> 1061 <li class="cat-item cat-item-664"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/ministry-of-external-economic-affairs/joint-venture-investment-committee/">Joint Venture Investment Committee (JVIC)</a> (17) 1062</li> 1063 <li class="cat-item cat-item-662"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/ministry-of-external-economic-affairs/state-economic-development-commission/">State Economic Development Commission (SEDC)</a> (19) 1064</li> 1065 </ul> 1066</li> 1067 <li class="cat-item cat-item-724"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/ministry-of-sp
1067ort/">Ministry of Sport</a> (1) 1068</li> 1069 <li class="cat-item cat-item-242"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/cabinet/supreme-peoples-assembly/">Supreme Peoples Assembly</a> (66) 1070</li> 1071 </ul> 1072</li> 1073 <li class="cat-item cat-item-225"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/central-broadcasting-station/">Central Broadcasting Station</a> (3) 1074</li> 1075 <li class="cat-item cat-item-491"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/central-bureau-of-statistics-cbs/">Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS)</a> (2) 1076</li> 1077 <li class="cat-item cat-item-402"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/central-communications-office/">Central Communications Office</a> (1) 1078</li> 1079 <li class="cat-item cat-item-454"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/christian-federation/">Christian Federation</a> (5) 1080</li> 1081 <li class="cat-item cat-item-129"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/committee-for-cultural-relations-with-foreign-countries/">Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries</a> (11) 1082</li> 1083 <li class="cat-item cat-item-132"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/committee-for-implementation-of-the-june-15-joint-declaration/">Committee for Implementation of the June 15 Joint Decla</a> (1) 1084</li> 1085 <li class="cat-item cat-item-285"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/convenience-bureau/">Convenience Bureau</a> (1) 1086</li> 1087 <li class="cat-item cat-item-120"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/dprk-copyright-office/">DPRK Copyright Office</a> (2) 1088</li> 1089 <li class="cat-item cat-item-721"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/dprk-china-joint-guidance-committee/">DPRK-China Joint Guidance Committee</a> (1) 1090</li> 1091 <li class="cat-item cat-item-775"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/economic-cooperation-office-for-overseas-koreans/">Economic Cooperation Office for Overseas Koreans</a> (1) 1092</li> 1093 <li class="cat-item cat-item-197"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/foreign-economic-cooperation-committee/">Foreign Economic Cooperation Committee</a> (1) 1094</li> 1095 <li class="cat-item cat-item-517"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/general-bureau-of-atomic-energy/">General Bureau of Atomic Energy</a> (3) 1096</li> 1097 <li class="cat-item cat-item-673"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/general-bureau-of-capital-construction/">General Bureau of Capital Construction</a> (1) 1098</li> 1099 <li class="cat-item cat-item-438"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/general-federation-of-science-and-technology-gfst/">General Federation of Science and Technology (GFST)</a> (1) 1100</li> 1101 <li class="cat-item cat-item-694"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/hydrometeorological-service/">Hydrometeorological Service</a> (1) 1102</li> 1103 <li class="cat-item cat-item-133"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/inter-korean-economic-cooperation-committee/">Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation Committee</a> (5) 1104</li> 1105 <li class="cat-item cat-item-118"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/invention-office-of-the-dprk/">Invention Office of the DPRK</a> (2) 1106</li> 1107 <li class="cat-item cat-item-273"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/kangkye-munitions-factory/">Kangkye Munitions Factory</a> (1) 1108</li> 1109 <li class="cat-item cat-item-293"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/kim-chaek-university-of-technology/">Kim Chaek University of Technology</a> (9) 1110</li> 1111 <li class="cat-item cat-item-315"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/kim-il-sung-university/">Kim Il Sung University</a> (5) 1112</li> 1113 <li class="cat-item cat-item-729"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/korean-association-of-cooks/">Korean Association of Cooks</a> (1) 1114</li> 1115 <li class="cat-item cat-item-206"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/korean-buddhist-association/">Korean Buddhist Association</a> (3) 1116</li> 1117 <li class="cat-item cat-item-126"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/korean-cultural-preservation-agency/">Korean Cultural Preservation Agency</a> (1) 1118</li> 1119 <li class="cat-item cat-item-463"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/korean-justice-committee/">Korean Justice Committee</a> (1) 1120</li> 1121 <li class="cat-item cat-item-647"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/korean-roman-catholics-association/">Korean Roman Catholics Association</a> (1) 1122</li> 1123 <li class="cat-item cat-item-187"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/law-research-institute/">
1123Law Research Institute</a> (1) 1124</li> 1125 <li class="cat-item cat-item-226"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/league-of-socialist-working-youth/">League of Socialist Working Youth</a> (4) 1126</li> 1127 <li class="cat-item cat-item-690"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/long-life-research-institute/">Long Life Research Institute</a> (1) 1128</li> 1129 <li class="cat-item cat-item-677"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/magicians-association-of-korea/">Magicians Association of Korea</a> (1) 1130</li> 1131 <li class="cat-item cat-item-436"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/mansu-art-studio/">Mansu Art Studio</a> (3) 1132</li> 1133 <li class="cat-item cat-item-276"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/maternity-hospital/">Maternity Hospital</a> (4) 1134</li> 1135 <li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-for-chemical-industries/">Ministry for Chemical Industries</a> (1) 1136</li> 1137 <li class="cat-item cat-item-445"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-administration/">Ministry of Administration</a> (5) 1138</li> 1139 <li class="cat-item cat-item-323"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-agriculture/">Ministry of Agriculture</a> (9) 1140</li> 1141 <li class="cat-item cat-item-665"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-capital-city-construction-development/">Ministry of Capital City Construction Development</a> (1) 1142</li> 1143 <li class="cat-item cat-item-580"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-commerce/">Ministry of Commerce</a> (3) 1144</li> 1145 <li class="cat-item cat-item-297"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-communication/">Ministry of Communication</a> (2) 1146</li> 1147 <li class="cat-item cat-item-134"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-culture/">Ministry of Culture</a> (7) 1148</li> 1149 <li class="cat-item cat-item-528"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-education/">Ministry of Education</a> (2) 1150</li> 1151 <li class="cat-item cat-item-397"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-extractive-industries/">Ministry of Extractive Industries</a> (2) 1152</li> 1153 <li class="cat-item cat-item-685"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-finance/">Ministry of Finance</a> (1) 1154</li> 1155 <li class="cat-item cat-item-521"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-foodstuff-and-daily-necessities-industry/">Ministry of Foodstuff and Daily Necessities Industry</a> (5) 1156</li> 1157 <li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-foreign-affairs/">Ministry of foreign Affairs</a> (15) 1158</li> 1159 <li class="cat-item cat-item-156"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-foreign-trade/">Ministry of Foreign Trade</a> (21) 1160 <ul class='children'> 1161 <li class="cat-item cat-item-172"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-foreign-trade/council-for-the-promotion-of-foreign-trade/">Council for the Promotion of Foreign Trade</a> (1) 1162</li> 1163 </ul> 1164</li> 1165 <li class="cat-item cat-item-466"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-forestry/">Ministry of Forestry</a> (14) 1166</li> 1167 <li class="cat-item cat-item-344"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-land-and-environment-conservation/">Ministry of Land and Environment Conservation</a> (11) 1168</li> 1169 <li class="cat-item cat-item-324"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-land-and-marine-transport/">Ministry of Land and Marine Transport</a> (5) 1170</li> 1171 <li class="cat-item cat-item-599"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-light-industry/">Ministry of Light Industry</a> (5) 1172</li> 1173 <li class="cat-item cat-item-486"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-metal-industry/">Ministry of Metal Industry</a> (2) 1174</li> 1175 <li class="cat-item cat-item-660"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-national-resource-development/">Ministry of National Resource Development</a> (1) 1176</li> 1177 <li class="cat-item cat-item-426"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/people%e2%80%99s-armed-forces/">Ministry of Peopleâs Armed Forces</a> (8) 1178</li> 1179 <li class="cat-item cat-item-264"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-post-and-telecommunications/">Ministry of Post and Telecommunications</a> (14) 1180 <ul class='children'> 1181 <li class="cat-item cat-item-512"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-post-and-telecommunications/cheo-technology-joint/">CHEO Technology Joint Venture Company</a> (2) 1182</li> 1183 </ul> 1184</li> 1185 <li class="cat-item cat-item-207"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-power-and-coal/">Ministry of Power and Coal</a> (11) 1186 <ul class='children'> 1187 <li class="cat-item cat-item-216"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-power-and-coal/ministry-of-coal-industry/">Ministry of Coal Industry</a> (5) 1188</li> 1189 <li class="cat-item cat-item-215"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-power-and-coal/ministry-of-electrical-industry/">Ministry of Electrical Industry</a> (2) 1190</li> 1191 </ul> 1192</li> 1193 <li class="cat-item cat-item-569"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-procurement-and-food-policy/">Ministry of Procurement and Food Policy</a> (2) 1194</li> 1195 <li class="cat-item cat-item-373"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-public-health/">Ministry of Public Health</a> (7) 1196</li> 1197 <li class="cat-item cat-item-485"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-railways/">Ministry of Railways</a> (12) 1198</li> 1199 <li class="cat-item cat-item-428"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-state-inspection/">Ministry of State Inspection</a> (2) 1200</li> 1201 <li class="cat-item cat-item-692"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-trade/">Ministry of Trade</a> (3) 1202</li> 1203 <li class="cat-item cat-item-318"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ministry-of-transportation/">Ministry of Transportation</a> (2) 1204</li> 1205 <li class="cat-item cat-item-278"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/musan-mine/">Musan Mine</a> (12) 1206</li> 1207 <li class="cat-item cat-item-530"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-academy-of-science/">National Academy of Science</a> (5) 1208</li> 1209 <li class="cat-item cat-item-781"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-aerospace-development-administration/">National Aerospace Development Administration (NADA)</a> (1) 1210</li> 1211 <li class="cat-item cat-item-354"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-coordinating-council-for-the-environment/">National Coordinating Council for the Environment</a> (2) 1212</li> 1213 <li class="cat-item cat-item-204"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-economic-cooperation-federation/">National Economic Cooperation Federation</a> (2) 1214</li> 1215 <li class="cat-item cat-item-199"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-economics-institute/">
1215National Economics Institute</a> (1) 1216</li> 1217 <li class="cat-item cat-item-672"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-price-establishment-committee/">National Price Establishment Committee</a> (1) 1218</li> 1219 <li class="cat-item cat-item-592"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-real-estate-management-committee/">National Real Estate Management Committee</a> (2) 1220</li> 1221 <li class="cat-item cat-item-237"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-resources-development-council/">National Resources Development Council</a> (4) 1222</li> 1223 <li class="cat-item cat-item-691"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/national-science-and-technology-commission/">National Science and Technology Commission</a> (1) 1224</li> 1225 <li class="cat-item cat-item-689"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/natural-science-academy/">Natural Science Academy</a> (1) 1226</li> 1227 <li class="cat-item cat-item-353"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/north-korea-agricultural-research-institute/">North Korea Agricultural Research Institute</a> (2) 1228</li> 1229 <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/public-distribiution-system-pds/">Public Distribiution System (PDS)</a> (90) 1230</li> 1231 <li class="cat-item cat-item-102"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-academy-of-sciences/">Pyongyang Academy of Sciences</a> (3) 1232</li> 1233 <li class="cat-item cat-item-263"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-embroidery-institute/">Pyongyang Embroidery Institute</a> (4) 1234</li> 1235 <li class="cat-item cat-item-277"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-film-studio/">Pyongyang Film Studio</a> (4) 1236</li> 1237 <li class="cat-item cat-item-183"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-international-information-center-of-new-technology-and-economy/">Pyongyang International Information Center of New Techn</a> (5) 1238</li> 1239 <li class="cat-item cat-item-270"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-university-of-medicine/">Pyongyang University of Medicine</a> (3) 1240</li> 1241 <li class="cat-item cat-item-279"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-university-of-science-and-technology/">Pyongyang University of Science and Technology</a> (17) 1242</li> 1243 <li class="cat-item cat-item-415"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/pyongyang-wheat-flour-factory/">Pyongyang Wheat Flour Factory</a> (1) 1244</li> 1245 <li class="cat-item cat-item-208"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/ryongsong-patent-office/">Ryongsong Patent Office</a> (1) 1246</li> 1247 <li class="cat-item cat-item-632"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/second-academy-of-natural-sciences/">Second Academy of Natural Sciences</a> (1) 1248</li> 1249 <li class="cat-item cat-item-314"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/shinuiju-light-industry-college/">Shinuiju Light Industry College</a> (1) 1250</li> 1251 <li class="cat-item cat-item-249"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-academy-of-sciences/">State Academy of Sciences</a> (5) 1252 <ul class='children'> 1253 <li class="cat-item cat-item-254"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-academy-of-sciences/academy-of-agricultural-science/">Academy of Agricultural Science</a> (1) 1254</li> 1255 <li class="cat-item cat-item-250"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-academy-of-sciences/branch-academy-of-biology/">Branch Academy of Biology</a> (1) 1256</li> 1257 <li class="cat-item cat-item-390"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-academy-of-sciences/institute-of-economy/">Institute of Economy</a> (1) 1258</li> 1259 </ul> 1260</li> 1261 <li class="cat-item cat-item-119"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-administration-for-quality-management/">State Administration for Quality Management</a> (2) 1262</li> 1263 <li class="cat-item cat-item-152"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/">State Fiscal and Financial Committee</a> (55) 1264 <ul class='children'> 1265 <li class="cat-item cat-item-153"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/central-bank/">Central Bank</a> (25) 1266 <ul class='children'> 1267 <li class="cat-item cat-item-145"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/central-bank/d
1267aesong-group/">Daesong Group</a> (8) 1268</li> 1269 </ul> 1270</li> 1271 <li class="cat-item cat-item-151"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/">Foreign Trade Bank</a> (38) 1272 <ul class='children'> 1273 <li class="cat-item cat-item-535"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/amroggang-development-bank/">Amroggang Development Bank</a> (3) 1274</li> 1275 <li class="cat-item cat-item-552"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/changgwang-credit-bank/">Changgwang Credit Bank</a> (1) 1276</li> 1277 <li class="cat-item cat-item-553"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/credit-bank-of-korea/">Credit Bank Of Korea</a> (1) 1278</li> 1279 <li class="cat-item cat-item-525"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/korea-kwangson-banking-corp/">Korea Kwangson Banking Corp.</a> (6) 1280</li> 1281 <li class="cat-item cat-item-159"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/koryo-bankkoryo-global-credit-bank/">Koryo Bank</a> (4) 1282</li> 1283 <li class="cat-item cat-item-563"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/koryo-credit-development-bank/">Koryo Credit Development Bank</a> (1) 1284</li> 1285 <li class="cat-item cat-item-554"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/kumgang-bank/">Kumgang Bank</a> (2) 1286</li> 1287 <li class="cat-item cat-item-161"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/tanchon-commercial-bank/">Tanchon Commercial Bank</a> (13) 1288</li> 1289 <li class="cat-item cat-item-556"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-fiscal-and-financial-committee/foreign-trade-bank/yongaksan-bank/">Yongaksan Bank</a> (1) 1290</li> 1291 </ul> 1292</li> 1293 </ul> 1294</li> 1295 <li class="cat-item cat-item-678"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-price-commission/">State Price Commission</a> (1) 1296</li> 1297 <li class="cat-item cat-item-214"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/state-software-industry-general-bureau/">State Software Industry General Bureau</a> (1) 1298</li> 1299 <li class="cat-item cat-item-284"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/sunam-market/">Sunam market</a> (5) 1300</li> 1301 <li class="cat-item cat-item-514"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/supreme-court/">Supreme Court</a> (2) 1302</li> 1303 <li class="cat-item cat-item-313"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/state-offices/wonsan-agriculture-college/">Wonsan Agriculture College</a> (1) 1304</li> 1305 </ul> 1306</li> 1307 <li class="cat-item cat-item-190"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/">Worker's Party</a> (193) 1308 <ul class='children'> 1309 <li class="cat-item cat-item-670"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/administration-department/">Administration Department</a> (1) 1310</li> 1311 <li class="cat-item cat-item-298"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/">Central Committee</a> (116) 1312 <ul class='children'> 1313 <li class="cat-item cat-item-674"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/central-military-commission/">Central Military Commission</a> (3) 1314</li> 1315 <li class="cat-item cat-item-191"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/ce
1315ntral-committee/central-miltary-committee/">Central Miltary Committee</a> (12) 1316 <ul class='children'> 1317 <li class="cat-item cat-item-476"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/central-miltary-committee/committee-of-the-korean-people%e2%80%99s-army/">Committee of the Korean Peopleâs Army</a> (1) 1318</li> 1319 </ul> 1320</li> 1321 <li class="cat-item cat-item-642"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/control-commission/">Control Commission</a> (1) 1322</li> 1323 <li class="cat-item cat-item-628"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/department-no-5/">Department No. 5</a> (1) 1324</li> 1325 <li class="cat-item cat-item-588"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/finance-and-accounting-department/">Finance and Accounting Department</a> (8) 1326</li> 1327 <li class="cat-item cat-item-473"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/national-party-congress/">National Party Congress</a> (8) 1328</li> 1329 <li class="cat-item cat-item-641"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/political-bureau/">Political Bureau</a> (12) 1330</li> 1331 <li class="cat-item cat-item-475"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/">Secretariat</a> (63) 1332 <ul class='children'> 1333 <li class="cat-item cat-item-299"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/agitation-and-propaganda-department/">Agitation and Propaganda Department</a> (6) 1334</li> 1335 <li class="cat-item cat-item-602"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/bureau-38/">Bureau 38</a> (4) 1336</li> 1337 <li class="cat-item cat-item-308"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/bureau-39/">Bureau 39</a> (30) 1338 <ul class='children'> 1339 <li class="cat-item cat-item-416"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/bureau-39/daesung-general-bureau/">Daesung General Bureau</a> (1) 1340</li> 1341 </ul> 1342</li> 1343 <li class="cat-item cat-item-470"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/democratic-womens-union/">Democratic Women's Union</a> (9) 1344</li> 1345 <li class="cat-item cat-item-341"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/federation-of-science-and-technology/">Federation of Science and Technology</a> (2) 1346</li> 1347 <li class="cat-item cat-item-472"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/federation-of-trade-unions/">Federation of Trade Unions</a> (7) 1348</li> 1349 <li class="cat-item cat-item-338"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/office-10/">Office 10</a> (2) 1350</li> 1351 <li class="cat-item cat-item-217"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/organization-and-guidance-department/">Organization and Guidance Department</a> (13) 1352 <ul class='children'> 1353 <li class="cat-item cat-item-458"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/organization-and-guidance-department/administrative-department-kwp/">Administrative Department (KWP)</a> (3) 1354</li> 1355 </ul> 1356</li> 1357 <li class="cat-item cat-item-474"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/social-culture-department/">Social Culture Department</a> (1) 1358</li> 1359 <li class="cat-item cat-item-471"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/socialist-youth-league/">Socialist Youth League</a> (3) 1360</li> 1361 <li class="cat-item cat-item-359"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/ce
1361ntral-committee/secretariat/third-building-secret-service/">Third Building Secret Service</a> (8) 1362 <ul class='children'> 1363 <li class="cat-item cat-item-361"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/third-building-secret-service/operational-department/">Operational Department</a> (2) 1364</li> 1365 <li class="cat-item cat-item-360"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/central-committee/secretariat/third-building-secret-service/united-front-department/">United Front Department</a> (8) 1366</li> 1367 </ul> 1368</li> 1369 </ul> 1370</li> 1371 </ul> 1372</li> 1373 <li class="cat-item cat-item-740"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/economy-department/">Economy Department</a> (1) 1374</li> 1375 <li class="cat-item cat-item-581"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/international-department-kwp/">International Department (KWP)</a> (1) 1376</li> 1377 <li class="cat-item cat-item-585"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/light-industry-department/">Light Industry Department</a> (5) 1378</li> 1379 <li class="cat-item cat-item-631"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/machine-industry-department/">Machine Industry Department</a> (2) 1380</li> 1381 <li class="cat-item cat-item-457"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/planning-and-fiscal-affairs-kwp/">Planning and Fiscal Affairs (KWP)</a> (6) 1382</li> 1383 <li class="cat-item cat-item-630"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/second-economic-committee/">Second Economic Committee</a> (1) 1384 <ul class='children'> 1385 <li class="cat-item cat-item-633"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/dprk-organizations/workers-party/second-economic-committee/office-99/">Office 99</a> (1) 1386</li> 1387 </ul> 1388</li> 1389 </ul> 1390</li> 1391</ul> 1392</li> 1393 <li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/">DPRK Policies</a> (367) 1394<ul class='children'> 1395 <li class="cat-item cat-item-522"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/150-day-battle-for-production/">150-Day Battle for Production</a> (4) 1396</li> 1397 <li class="cat-item cat-item-352"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/1946-land-reform-law/">1946 Land Reform Law</a> (5) 1398</li> 1399 <li class="cat-item cat-item-452"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/1978-socialist-labor-law/">1978 Socialist Labor Law</a> (2) 1400</li> 1401 <li class="cat-item cat-item-104"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/1990s-famine/">1990s Famine</a> (56) 1402</li> 1403 <li class="cat-item cat-item-99"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/2002-economic-reforms/">2002 Economic reforms</a> (88) 1404</li> 1405 <li class="cat-item cat-item-477"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/2012-goals/">2012 Strong and Prosperous Nation (Kangsong Taeguk)</a> (63) 1406</li> 1407 <li class="cat-item cat-item-719"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/6-28-policy-on-agriculture-june-28/">6.28 Policy on Agriculture (June 28)</a> (27) 1408</li> 1409 <li class="cat-item cat-item-122"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/arduous-march/">Arduous March</a> (70) 1410</li> 1411 <li class="cat-item cat-item-735"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/byongjin/">Byongjin</a> (8) 1412</li> 1413 <li class="cat-item cat-item-653"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/chamber-of-commerce-law-order-946/">Chamber of Commerce Law (Order 946)</a> (2) 1414</li> 1415 <li class="cat-item cat-item-497"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/chollima/">Chollima</a> (2) 1416</li> 1417 <li class="cat-item cat-item-550"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/commodities-consumption-level-law/">Commodities Consumption Level Law</a> (1) 1418</li> 1419 <li class="cat-item cat-item-693"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/corporate-law/">Corporate Law</a> (3) 1420</li> 1421 <li class="cat-item cat-item-369"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/daean-system/">Daean (Taean) System</a> (4) 1422</li> 1423 <li class="cat-item cat-item-494"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/damage-compensation-law/">Damage Compensation Law</a> (1) 1424</li> 1425 <li class="cat-item cat-item-737"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/dprk-law-on-economic-development-zones/">DPRK Law on Economic Development Zones</a> (12) 1426</li> 1427 <li class="cat-item cat-item-583"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/farm-law/">
1427Farm Law</a> (1) 1428</li> 1429 <li class="cat-item cat-item-825"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/five-year-plan/">Five Year Plan (Announced 2016-5)</a> (9) 1430</li> 1431 <li class="cat-item cat-item-551"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/general-equipment-import-law/">General Equipment Import Law</a> (1) 1432</li> 1433 <li class="cat-item cat-item-228"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/juche/">Juche</a> (31) 1434</li> 1435 <li class="cat-item cat-item-582"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/labor-quantity-law/">Labor Quantity Law</a> (1) 1436</li> 1437 <li class="cat-item cat-item-505"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-of-the-dprk-on-foreign-invested-bank/">Law of the DPRK on Foreign-invested Bank</a> (1) 1438</li> 1439 <li class="cat-item cat-item-509"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-bankruptcy/">Law on Bankruptcy</a> (1) 1440</li> 1441 <li class="cat-item cat-item-504"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-foreign-investment/">Law on Foreign Investment</a> (9) 1442</li> 1443 <li class="cat-item cat-item-573"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-foreign-trade/">Law on Foreign Trade</a> (1) 1444</li> 1445 <li class="cat-item cat-item-708"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-foreign-funded-banks/">Law on Foreign-funded Banks</a> (3) 1446</li> 1447 <li class="cat-item cat-item-713"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-hwanggumphyong/">Law on Hwanggumphyong</a> (2) 1448</li> 1449 <li class="cat-item cat-item-652"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-labor-protection-order-945/">Law on Labor Protection (Order 945)</a> (1) 1450</li> 1451 <li class="cat-item cat-item-507"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-land-leasing/">Law on Land Leasing</a> (2) 1452</li> 1453 <li class="cat-item cat-item-654"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-planning-the-people%e2%80%99s-economy/">Law on Planning the Peopleâs Economy</a> (2) 1454</li> 1455 <li class="cat-item cat-item-510"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-registration-of-foreign-invested-enterprises/">Law on Registration of Foreign-invested Enterprises</a> (2) 1456</li> 1457 <li class="cat-item cat-item-577"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-the-rajin-sonbong-trade-zone/">Law on the Rason Economic and Trade Zone</a> (7) 1458</li> 1459 <li class="cat-item cat-item-728"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/law-on-underground-resources/">Law on Underground Resources</a> (1) 1460</li> 1461 <li class="cat-item cat-item-495"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/lawyers-act/">Lawyers Act</a> (1) 1462</li> 1463 <li class="cat-item cat-item-449"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/market-stimulation-measure-march-2003/">Market Stimulation Measure (March 2003)</a> (1) 1464</li> 1465 <li class="cat-item cat-item-795"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/may-30-measures-5-30/">May 30 Measures (5.30)</a> (5) 1466</li> 1467 <li class="cat-item cat-item-655"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/pyongyang-city-management-law/">Pyongyang City Management Law</a> (2) 1468</li> 1469 <li class="cat-item cat-item-549"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/real-estate-management-law/">Real Estate Management Law</a> (6) 1470</li> 1471 <li class="cat-item cat-item-506"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/regulations-on-certification/">Regulations on Certification</a> (1) 1472</li> 1473 <li class="cat-item cat-item-305"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/songbun/">Songbun</a> (9) 1474</li> 1475 <li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/songun/">Songun</a> (37) 1476</li> 1477 <li class="cat-item cat-item-455"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/statutes/">Statutes</a> (4) 1478</li> 1479 <li class="cat-item cat-item-565"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/policies/treaties/">Treaties</a> (1) 1480</li> 1481</ul> 1482</li> 1483 <li class="cat-item cat-item-881"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-development-plans/">Economic Development Plans</a> (1) 1484</li> 1485 <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/">Economic reform</a> (1,740) 1486<ul class='children'> 1487 <li class="cat-item cat-item-235"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/black-markets/">Black markets</a> (286) 1488</li> 1489 <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/foreign-direct-investment/">Foreign direct investment</a> (705) 1490 <ul class='children'> 1491 <li class="cat-item cat-item-499"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/foreign-direct-investment/chosun-fund/">Chosun Fund</a> (3) 1492</li> 1493 </ul> 1494</li> 1495 <li class="cat-item cat-item-405"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/joint-ventures/">Joint Ventures</a> (95) 1496</li> 1497 <li class="cat-item cat-item-745"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/kaesong-hi-tech-industrial-park/">Kaesong Hi-Tech Industrial Park</a> (2) 1498</li> 1499 <li class="cat-item cat-item-30"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/price-liberalization/">Price liberalization</a> (231) 1500</li> 1501 <li class="cat-item cat-item-33"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/private-property/">Private property</a> (61) 1502</li> 1503 <li class="cat-item cat-item-340"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/pyongyang-international-trade-fair/">Pyongyang International Trade Fair</a> (41) 1504</li> 1505 <li class="cat-item cat-item-687"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/rason-international-trade-fair/">Rason International Trade Fair</a> (8) 1506</li> 1507 <li class="cat-item cat-item-749"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/sinuiju-special-administrative-region/">Sinuiju Special Administrative Region</a> (29) 1508</li> 1509 <li class="cat-item cat-item-747"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/">Special Economic Zones</a> (723) 1510 <ul class='children'> 1511 <li class="cat-item cat-item-743"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/">Economic Development Zones (2013)</a> (56) 1512 <ul class='children'> 1513 <li class="cat-item cat-item-751"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/jagang-provincial-manpho-economic-development-zone/">Jagang Provincial Manpho economic development zone</a> (3) 1514</li> 1515 <li class="cat-item cat-item-760"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/jagang-provincial-wiwon-industrial-development-zone/">Jagang Provincial Wiwon industrial development zone</a> (3) 1516</li> 1517 <li class="cat-item cat-item-753"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/kangwon-provincial-hyondong-industrial-development-zone/">Kangwon Provincial Hyondong industrial development zone</a> (3) 1518</li> 1519 <li class="cat-item cat-item-757"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/nampho-city-waudo-export-processing-zone/">Nampho City Waudo export processing zone</a> (5) 1520</li> 1521 <li class="cat-item cat-item-755"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-hamgyong-provincial-chongjin-economic-development-zone/">North Hamgyong Provincial Chongjin economic development zone</a> (3) 1522</li> 1523 <li class="cat-item cat-item-764"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-hamgyong-provincial-onsong-island-tourist-development-zone/">North Hamgyong Provincial Onsong island tourist development zone</a> (5) 1524</li> 1525 <li class="cat-item cat-item-763"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-hamgyong-provincial-orang-agricultural-development-zone/">North Hamgyong Provincial Orang agricultural development zone</a> (3) 1526</li> 1527 <li class="cat-item cat-item-752"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-hwanghae-prov
1527incial-sinphyong-tourist-development-zone/">North Hwanghae Provincial Sinphyong tourist development zone</a> (4) 1528</li> 1529 <li class="cat-item cat-item-761"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-hwanghae-provincial-songrim-export-processing-zone/">North Hwanghae Provincial Songrim export processing zone</a> (3) 1530</li> 1531 <li class="cat-item cat-item-750"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/north-phyongan-provincial-amnokgang-economic-development-zone/">North Phyongan Provincial Amnokgang economic development zone</a> (3) 1532</li> 1533 <li class="cat-item cat-item-756"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/ryanggang-provincial-hyesan-economic-development-zone/">Ryanggang Provincial Hyesan economic development zone</a> (2) 1534</li> 1535 <li class="cat-item cat-item-759"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/sinuiju-international-economic-zone/">Sinuiju International Economic Zone</a> (8) 1536</li> 1537 <li class="cat-item cat-item-754"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/south-hamgyong-provincial-hungnam-industrial-development-zone/">South Hamgyong Provincial Hungnam industrial development zone</a> (3) 1538</li> 1539 <li class="cat-item cat-item-762"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/south-hamgyong-provincial-pukchong-agricultural-development-zone/">South Hamgyong Provincial Pukchong agricultural development zone</a> (3) 1540</li> 1541 <li class="cat-item cat-item-785"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2013/wonsan-mt-kumgang-international-tourist-zone/">Wonsan-Mt. Kumgang International Tourist Zone</a> (16) 1542</li> 1543 </ul> 1544</li> 1545 <li class="cat-item cat-item-787"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/">Economic Development Zones (2014)</a> (19) 1546 <ul class='children'> 1547 <li class="cat-item cat-item-791"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/chongnam-industrial-development-zone/">Chongnam Industrial Development Zone</a> (2) 1548</li> 1549 <li class="cat-item cat-item-793"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/chongsu-tourist-development-zone/">Chongsu tourist development zone</a> (3) 1550</li> 1551 <li class="cat-item cat-item-790"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/jindo-export-processing-zone/">Jindo Export Processing Zone</a> (5) 1552</li> 1553 <li class="cat-item cat-item-789"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/kangryong-international-green-model-zone/">Kangryong International Green Model Zone</a> (3) 1554</li> 1555 <li class="cat-item cat-item-792"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/sukchon-agricultural-development-zone/">Sukchon Agricultural Development Zone</a> (3) 1556</li> 1557 <li class="cat-item cat-item-788"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2014/unjong-cutting-edge-technological-development-zone/">Unjong cutting-edge technological development zone</a> (2) 1558</li> 1559 </ul> 1560</li> 1561 <li class="cat-item cat-item-798"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2015/">Economic Development Zones (2015)</a> (8) 1562 <ul class='children'> 1563 <li class="cat-item cat-item-814"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2015/kyongwon-economic-development-zone/">Kyongwon Economic Development Zone</a> (1) 1564</li> 1565 <li class="cat-item cat-item-799"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2015/mubong-special-zone-for-international-tour/">Mubong Special Zone for International Tour</a> (2) 1566</li> 1567 <li class="cat-item cat-item-818"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2015/sindo-island-economic-development-zone/">Sindo Island Economic development Zone</a> (1) 1568</li> 1569 </ul> 1570</li> 1571 <li class="cat-item cat-item-833"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2016/">Economic Development Zones (2016)</a> (4) 1572 <ul class='children'> 1573 <li class="cat-item cat-item-834"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2016/wonsan-kalma-coastal-tourist-area/">Wonsan-Kalma Coastal Tourist Area</a> (4) 1574</li> 1575 </ul> 1576</li>
1577 <li class="cat-item cat-item-831"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2017/">Economic Development Zones (2017)</a> (1) 1578 <ul class='children'> 1579 <li class="cat-item cat-item-832"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/economic-development-zones-2017/kangnam-economic-development-park/">Kangnam Economic Development Park</a> (1) 1580</li> 1581 </ul> 1582</li> 1583 <li class="cat-item cat-item-59"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/special-economic-zones/">Special Economic Zones (Established before 2013)</a> (654) 1584 <ul class='children'> 1585 <li class="cat-item cat-item-24"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/special-economic-zones/sinuiju/">Hwanggumphyong and Wihwado Economic Zones (Sinuiju)</a> (52) 1586</li> 1587 <li class="cat-item cat-item-28"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/special-economic-zones/kaesong-industrial-park/">Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC)</a> (388) 1588</li> 1589 <li class="cat-item cat-item-48"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/special-economic-zones/kumgang-resort/">Mt. Kumgang Tourist Special Zone</a> (175) 1590</li> 1591 <li class="cat-item cat-item-47"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/economic-reform/special-economic-zones-2/special-economic-zones/rajin-sonbong/">Rason Economic and Trade Zone (Rajin-Sonbong)</a> (148) 1592</li> 1593 </ul> 1594</li> 1595 </ul> 1596</li> 1597</ul> 1598</li> 1599 <li class="cat-item cat-item-39"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/education/">Education</a> (198) 1600</li> 1601 <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/">Emigration</a> (168) 1602<ul class='children'> 1603 <li class="cat-item cat-item-698"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/2011-emigration-statistics/">2011 emigration statistics</a> (5) 1604</li> 1605 <li class="cat-item cat-item-716"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/2012-emigration-statistics/">2012 emigration statistics</a> (7) 1606</li> 1607 <li class="cat-item cat-item-777"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/2013-emigration-statistics/">2013 emigration statistics</a> (1) 1608</li> 1609 <li class="cat-item cat-item-783"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/2014-emigration-statistics/">2014 Emigration Statistics</a> (4) 1610</li> 1611 <li class="cat-item cat-item-801"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/emigration/2015-emigration-statistics/">2015 Emigration Statistics</a> (8) 1612</li> 1613</ul> 1614</li> 1615 <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/">Energy</a> (418) 1616<ul class='children'> 1617 <li class="cat-item cat-item-19"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/coal/">Coal</a> (115) 1618</li> 1619 <li class="cat-item cat-item-83"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/damshydro/">Dams/hydro</a> (66) 1620</li> 1621 <li class="cat-item cat-item-90"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/electricity/">Electricity</a> (112) 1622</li> 1623 <li class="cat-item cat-item-356"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/gasoline/">Gasoline</a> (29) 1624</li> 1625 <li class="cat-item cat-item-179"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/natural-gas/">Natural Gas</a> (27) 1626</li> 1627 <li class="cat-item cat-item-62"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a> (124) 1628 <ul class='children'> 1629 <li class="cat-item cat-item-700"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/nuclear/yongbyon-development-2007-present/">Yongbyon Development (2007-present)</a> (1) 1630</li> 1631 </ul> 1632</li> 1633 <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/oil/">Oil</a> (91) 1634</li> 1635 <li class="cat-item cat-item-702"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/russian-pipeline/">Russian Pipeline</a> (2) 1636</li> 1637 <li class="cat-item cat-item-511"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/solar/">Solar</a> (11) 1638</li> 1639 <li class="cat-item cat-item-67"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/energy/wind/">Wind</a> (21) 1640</li> 1641</ul> 1642</li> 1643 <li class="cat-item cat-item-303"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/environmental-protection/">Environmental protection</a> (34) 1644</li> 1645 <li class="cat-item cat-item-23"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/finance/">Finance</a> (445) 1646<ul class='children'> 1647 <li class="cat-item cat-item-22"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/finance/banking/">Banking</a> (296) 1648</li> 1649 <li class="cat-item cat-item-768"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/finance/debt/">Debt</a> (20) 1650</li> 1651 <li class="cat-item cat-item-49"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/finance/insurance/">Insurance</a> (38) 1652</li> 1653</ul> 1654</li> 1655 <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/fiscal-policy/">Fiscal & monetary policy</a> (363) 1656</li> 1657 <li class="cat-item cat-item-435"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/">Food</a> (434) 1658<ul class='children'> 1659 <li class="cat-item cat-item-697"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/2011-food-shortage-debate/">2011 food shortage debate</a> (5) 1660</li> 1661 <li class="cat-item cat-item-709"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/2012-food-shortage/">2012 food shortage</a> (24) 1662</li> 1663 <li class="cat-item cat-item-734"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/2013-food-shortage/">2013 food shortage</a> (22) 1664</li> 1665 <li class="cat-item cat-item-779"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/2014-food-shortage/">2014 Food Shortage</a> (25) 1666</li> 1667 <li class="cat-item cat-item-797"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/food/2015-food-shortage/">2015 Food Shortage</a> (15) 1668</li> 1669</ul> 1670</li> 1671 <li class="cat-item cat-item-258"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/forestry/">Forestry</a> (83) 1672<ul class='children'> 1673 <li class="cat-item cat-item-180"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/forestry/lumber/">Lumber</a> (45) 1674</li> 1675</ul> 1676</li> 1677 <li class="cat-item cat-item-20"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/farmers-markets/">
1677General markets (FMR: Farmers Market)</a> (348) 1678</li> 1679 <li class="cat-item cat-item-136"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/google-earth/">Google Earth</a> (150) 1680</li> 1681 <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/">Health care</a> (217) 1682<ul class='children'> 1683 <li class="cat-item cat-item-74"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/avain-flu/">Avain Flu</a> (12) 1684</li> 1685 <li class="cat-item cat-item-872"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/coronavirus/">Coronavirus</a> (20) 1686</li> 1687 <li class="cat-item cat-item-68"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/disease-prevention/">Disease prevention</a> (66) 1688</li> 1689 <li class="cat-item cat-item-121"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/epidemics/">Epidemics</a> (45) 1690</li> 1691 <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/indigenous-medicine/">Indigenous medicine</a> (13) 1692</li> 1693 <li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/pediatrics/">Pediatrics</a> (33) 1694</li> 1695 <li class="cat-item cat-item-244"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/pharmaceuticals/">Pharmaceuticals</a> (25) 1696</li> 1697 <li class="cat-item cat-item-82"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/plastic-surgery/">Plastic Surgery</a> (4) 1698</li> 1699 <li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/sars/">SARS</a> (2) 1700</li> 1701 <li class="cat-item cat-item-541"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/health-care/swine-flu/">Swine Flu</a> (1) 1702</li> 1703</ul> 1704</li> 1705 <li class="cat-item cat-item-741"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/high-tech/">High Tech</a> (1) 1706</li> 1707 <li class="cat-item cat-item-12"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/hoteling/">Hoteling</a> (31) 1708</li> 1709 <li class="cat-item cat-item-40"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/">Illicit activities</a> (238) 1710<ul class='children'> 1711 <li class="cat-item cat-item-43"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/arms-shipments/">Arms shipment</a> (101) 1712</li> 1713 <li class="cat-item cat-item-41"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/counterfeiting/">Counterfeiting</a> (69) 1714</li> 1715 <li class="cat-item cat-item-718"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/cyber-attacks/">Cyber attacks</a> (3) 1716</li> 1717 <li class="cat-item cat-item-42"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/illicit-activities/drug-smuggling/">Drug smuggling</a> (81) 1718</li> 1719</ul> 1720</li> 1721 <li class="cat-item cat-item-95"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/intellectual-property/">Intellectual Property</a> (16) 1722</li> 1723 <li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/">International Aid</a> (542) 1724<ul class='children'> 1725 <li class="cat-item cat-item-696"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/2011-aid-from-south-korea/">2011 aid from South Korea</a> (5) 1726</li> 1727 <li class="cat-item cat-item-701"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/2012-aid-from-south-korea/">2012 aid from South Korea</a> (8) 1728</li> 1729 <li class="cat-item cat-item-733"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/2013-aid-from-south-korea/">2013 aid from South Korea</a> (11) 1730</li> 1731 <li class="cat-item cat-item-778"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/2014-aid-from-south-korea/">2014 aid from South Korea</a> (7) 1732</li> 1733 <li class="cat-item cat-item-796"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-aid/2015-aid-from-south-korea/">2015 aid from South Korea</a> (10) 1734</li> 1735</ul> 1736</li> 1737 <li class="cat-item cat-item-92"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/">International Governments</a> (2,386) 1738<ul class='children'> 1739 <li class="cat-item cat-item-166"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/australia/">Australia</a> (15) 1740</li> 1741 <li class="cat-item cat-item-420"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/austria/">Austria</a> (4) 1742</li> 1743 <li class="cat-item cat-item-625"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/bulgaria/">Bulgaria</a> (3) 1744</li> 1745 <li class="cat-item cat-item-281"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/cambodia/">Cambodia</a> (11) 1746</li> 1747 <li class="cat-item cat-item-720"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/canada/">Canada</a> (3) 1748</li> 1749 <li class="cat-item cat-item-398"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/chile/">Chile</a> (1) 1750</li> 1751 <li class="cat-item cat-item-31"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/">China</a> (785) 1752 <ul class='children'> 1753 <li class="cat-item cat-item-744"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/china-dprk-trade-expo/">China-DPRK Trade Expo</a> (6) 1754</li> 1755 <li class="cat-item cat-item-800"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/silk-road/">Silk Road</a> (1) 1756</li> 1757 <li class="cat-item cat-item-539"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/china/tonghua-dandong-economic-zone/">Tonghua-Dandong Economic Zone</a> (5) 1758</li> 1759 </ul> 1760</li> 1761 <li class="cat-item cat-item-557"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/congo-drc/">Congo (DRC)</a> (2) 1762</li> 1763 <li class="cat-item cat-item-634"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/cuba/">Cuba</a> (5) 1764</li> 1765 <li class="cat-item cat-item-350"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/czech-republic/">Czech Republic</a> (6) 1766</li> 1767 <li class="cat-item cat-item-375"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/egypt/">Egypt</a> (7) 1768</li> 1769 <li class="cat-item cat-item-316"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a> (5) 1770</li> 1771 <li class="cat-item cat-item-81"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/eu/">EU</a> (44) 1772</li> 1773 <li class="cat-item cat-item-574"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/france/">France</a> (6) 1774</li> 1775 <li class="cat-item cat-item-240"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/germany/">Germany</a> (28) 1776</li> 1777 <li class="cat-item cat-item-178"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/hong-kong/">Hong Kong</a> (11) 1778</li> 1779 <li class="cat-item cat-item-627"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/hungary/">Hungary</a> (1) 1780</li> 1781 <li class="cat-item cat-item-498"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/india/">India</a> (8) 1782</li> 1783 <li class="cat-item cat-item-147"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/indonesia/">Indonesia</a> (1) 1784</li> 1785 <li class="cat-item cat-item-143"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/iran/">Iran</a> (23) 1786</li> 1787 <li class="cat-item cat-item-282"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/ireland/">Ireland</a> (4) 1788</li> 1789 <li class="cat-item cat-item-331"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/italy/">Italy</a> (4) 1790</li> 1791 <li class="cat-item cat-item-32"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/japan/">Japan</a> (162) 1792 <ul class='children'> 1793 <li class="cat-item cat-item-38"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/japan/chongryun/">Chongryun</a> (83) 1794</li> 1795 <li class="cat-item cat-item-544"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/japan/red-army/">Japanese Red Army</a> (3) 1796</li> 1797 </ul> 1798</li> 1799 <li class="cat-item cat-item-532"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/kenya/">Kenya</a> (1) 1800</li> 1801 <li class="cat-item cat-item-478"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/kuwait/">Kuwait</a> (3) 1802</li> 1803 <li class="cat-item cat-item-317"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/laos/">Laos</a> (2) 1804</li> 1805 <li class="cat-item cat-item-261"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/libya/">Libya</a> (5) 1806</li> 1807 <li class="cat-item cat-item-611"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/luxembourg/">Luxembourg</a> (1) 1808</li> 1809 <li class="cat-item cat-item-571"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/malaysia/">Malaysia</a> (3) 1810</li> 1811 <li class="cat-item cat-item-567"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/malta/">Malta</a> (1) 1812</li> 1813 <li class="cat-item cat-item-164"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/mongolia/">Mongolia</a> (19) 1814</li> 1815 <li class="cat-item cat-item-326"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/myanmar/">Myanmar</a> (21) 1816</li> 1817 <li class="cat-item cat-item-604"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/namibia/">Namibia</a> (1) 1818</li> 1819 <li class="cat-item cat-item-648"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/new-zealand/">New Zealand</a> (3) 1820</li> 1821 <li class="cat-item cat-item-342"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/nicaragua/">Nicaragua</a> (1) 1822</li> 1823 <li class="cat-item cat-item-382"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/nigeria/">Nigeria</a> (3) 1824</li> 1825 <li class="cat-item cat-item-639"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/norway/">Norway</a> (2) 1826</li> 1827 <li class="cat-item cat-item-311"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/pakistan/">Pakistan</a> (3) 1828</li> 1829 <li class="cat-item cat-item-337"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/poland/">Poland</a> (3) 1830</li> 1831 <li class="cat-item cat-item-189"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/qatar/">Qatar</a> (4) 1832</li> 1833 <li class="cat-item cat-item-91"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/russia/">Russia</a> (175) 1834</li> 1835 <li class="cat-item cat-item-422"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/singapore/">Singapore</a> (26) 1836</li> 1837 <li class="cat-item cat-item-575"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/south-africa/">South Africa</a> (4) 1838</li> 1839 <li class="cat-item cat-item-57"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/south-korea/">South Korea</a> (620) 1840</li> 1841 <li class="cat-item cat-item-387"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/sri-lanka/">Sri Lanka</a> (1) 1842</li> 1843 <li class="cat-item cat-item-450"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/sweden/">Sweden</a> (11) 1844</li> 1845 <li class="cat-item cat-item-113"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/switzerland/">Switzerland</a> (19) 1846</li> 1847 <li class="cat-item cat-item-144"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/syria/">Syria</a> (14) 1848</li> 1849 <li class="cat-item cat-item-186"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/tanzania/">Tanzania</a> (1) 1850</li> 1851 <li class="cat-item cat-item-140"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/thailand/">Thailand</a> (22) 1852</li> 1853 <li class="cat-item cat-item-446"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/turkmenistan/">Turkmenistan</a> (1) 1854</li> 1855 <li class="cat-item cat-item-383"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/uae/">UAE</a> (3) 1856</li> 1857 <li class="cat-item cat-item-533"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/uganda/">Uganda</a> (1) 1858</li> 1859 <li class="cat-item cat-item-227"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/">UN</a> (347) 1860 <ul class='children'> 1861 <li class="cat-item cat-item-241"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/iaea/">IAEA</a> (3) 1862</li> 1863 <li class="cat-item cat-item-291"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-office-on-drugs-and-crime/">U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (1) 1864</li> 1865 <li class="cat-item cat-item-609"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-central-emergency-response-fund/">
1865UN Central Emergency Response Fund</a> (6) 1866</li> 1867 <li class="cat-item cat-item-185"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-food-and-agriculture-organization/">UN Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (58) 1868</li> 1869 <li class="cat-item cat-item-348"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-office-for-project-services/">UN Office for Project Services</a> (1) 1870</li> 1871 <li class="cat-item cat-item-347"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-population-fund/">UN Population Fund</a> (13) 1872</li> 1873 <li class="cat-item cat-item-223"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/un-security-council/">UN Security Council</a> (60) 1874</li> 1875 <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/food-aid/">UN World Food Program</a> (148) 1876</li> 1877 <li class="cat-item cat-item-739"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unctad/">UNCTAD</a> (2) 1878</li> 1879 <li class="cat-item cat-item-171"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/undp/">UNDP</a> (55) 1880 <ul class='children'> 1881 <li class="cat-item cat-item-218"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/undp/tumen-river-area-development-programme-tradp/">Tumen River Area Development Programme (TRADP)</a> (11) 1882</li> 1883 </ul> 1884</li> 1885 <li class="cat-item cat-item-355"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unep/">UNEP</a> (2) 1886</li> 1887 <li class="cat-item cat-item-127"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unesco/">UNESCO</a> (10) 1888</li> 1889 <li class="cat-item cat-item-686"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unfcc/">UNFCC</a> (3) 1890</li> 1891 <li class="cat-item cat-item-233"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unicef/">UNICEF</a> (23) 1892</li> 1893 <li class="cat-item cat-item-572"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/united-nations-institute-for-training-and-research/">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (1) 1894</li> 1895 <li class="cat-item cat-item-203"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/unwho/">UNWHO</a> (18) 1896</li> 1897 <li class="cat-item cat-item-715"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/un/wipo/">WIPO</a> (2) 1898</li> 1899 </ul> 1900</li> 1901 <li class="cat-item cat-item-167"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/united-kingdom/">United Kingdom</a> (42) 1902</li> 1903 <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/usa/">USA</a> (328) 1904 <ul class='children'> 1905 <li class="cat-item cat-item-699"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/usa/2011-dprk-engagement/">2011 DPRK engagement</a> (4) 1906</li> 1907 <li class="cat-item cat-item-711"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/usa/2012-dprk-engagement/">2012 DPRK engagement</a> (9) 1908</li> 1909 <li class="cat-item cat-item-730"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/usa/2013-dprk-engagement/">2013 DPRK engagement</a> (12) 1910</li> 1911 <li class="cat-item cat-item-776"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/usa/2014-dprk-engagement/">2014 DPRK engagement</a> (9) 1912</li> 1913 </ul> 1914</li> 1915 <li class="cat-item cat-item-89"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/venezuela/">Venezuela</a> (2) 1916</li> 1917 <li class="cat-item cat-item-138"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/vietnam/">Vietnam</a> (13) 1918</li> 1919 <li class="cat-item cat-item-310"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/yemen/">Yemen</a> (4) 1920</li> 1921 <li class="cat-item cat-item-327"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/countries/zimbabwe/">Zimbabwe</a> (9) 1922</li> 1923</ul> 1924</li> 1925 <li class="cat-item cat-item-75"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/">International Organizaitons</a> (681) 1926<ul class='children'> 1927 <li class="cat-item cat-item-362"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/acheon-global-corp/">Acheon Global Corp.</a> (2) 1928</li> 1929 <li class="cat-item cat-item-543"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/aaas/">American Association for the Advancement of Science (AA</a> (1) 1930</li> 1931 <li class="cat-item cat-item-736"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/americares/">AmeriCares</a> (1) 1932</li> 1933 <li class="cat-item cat-item-515"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/aminex/">Aminex</a> (6) 1934</li> 1935 <li class="cat-item cat-item-401"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/anglo-sino-capital-partners-ltd/">Anglo-Sino Capital Partners Ltd</a> (2) 1936</li> 1937 <li class="cat-item cat-item-84"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/asean/">ASEAN</a> (8) 1938</li> 1939 <li class="cat-item cat-item-77"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/asian-development-bank/">Asian Development Bank</a> (2) 1940</li> 1941 <li class="cat-item cat-item-705"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/associated-press/">Associated Press</a> (2) 1942</li> 1943 <li class="cat-item cat-item-150"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/bank-of-korea/">Bank of Korea</a> (8) 1944</li> 1945 <li class="cat-item cat-item-593"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/brazil/">Brazil</a> (1) 1946</li> 1947 <li class="cat-item cat-item-484"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/briquet-sharing-movement/">Briquet Sharing Movement</a> (1) 1948</li> 1949 <li class="cat-item cat-item-194"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/british-american-tobacco-bat/">British American Tobacco (BAT)</a> (8) 1950</li> 1951 <li class="cat-item cat-item-568"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/british-council/">British Council</a> (1) 1952</li> 1953 <li class="cat-item cat-item-542"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/business-executives-for-national-security/">Business Executives for National Security (BENS)</a> (1) 1954</li> 1955 <li class="cat-item cat-item-586"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/caleb-mission/">Caleb Mission</a> (1) 1956</li> 1957 <li class="cat-item cat-item-596"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/cankor/">CanKor</a> (2) 1958</li> 1959 <li class="cat-item cat-item-243"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/caritas/">Caritas</a> (3) 1960</li> 1961 <li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/center-for-applied-studies-in-international-relations/">Center for Applied Studies in International Relations</a> (1) 1962</li> 1963 <li class="cat-item cat-item-300"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/china-dpr-korea-small-investor-association/">China-DPR Korea Small Investor Association</a> (1) 1964</li> 1965 <li class="cat-item cat-item-464"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/chiomenti/">Chiomenti</a> (1) 1966</li> 1967 <li class="cat-item cat-item-579"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/choson-exchange/">Choson Exchange</a> (24) 1968</li> 1969 <li class="cat-item cat-item-468"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/christian-friends-of-korea/">Christian Friends of Korea</a> (4) 1970</li> 1971 <li class="cat-item cat-item-626"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/concern/">Concern</a> (2) 1972</li> 1973 <li class="cat-item cat-item-601"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/council-on-foreign-relations/">Council on Foreign Relations</a> (1) 1974</li> 1975 <li class="cat-item cat-item-139"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/daedong-credit-bank/">Daedong Credit Bank</a> (17) 1976</li> 1977 <li class="cat-item cat-item-267"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/datactivitycom/">Datactivity.com</a> (1) 1978</li> 1979 <li class="cat-item cat-item-247"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/emerson-pacific-group/">Emerson Pacific Group</a> (1) 1980</li> 1981 <li class="cat-item cat-item-603"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/environmental-protection-institute/">
1981Environmental Protection Institute</a> (1) 1982</li> 1983 <li class="cat-item cat-item-131"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/eu-chamber-of-commerce-in-korea/">EU Chamber of Commerce in Korea</a> (2) 1984</li> 1985 <li class="cat-item cat-item-137"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/eugene-bell-foundation/">Eugene Bell Foundation</a> (16) 1986</li> 1987 <li class="cat-item cat-item-149"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/euro-asian-business-consultancy/">Euro-Asian Business Consultancy</a> (2) 1988</li> 1989 <li class="cat-item cat-item-78"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/european-business-association/">European Business Association</a> (22) 1990</li> 1991 <li class="cat-item cat-item-79"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/export-import-bank/">Export-Import Bank of Korea</a> (1) 1992</li> 1993 <li class="cat-item cat-item-400"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/fabien-pictet-partners-ltd/">Fabien Pictet & Partners Ltd</a> (2) 1994</li> 1995 <li class="cat-item cat-item-434"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/far-east-marine-transportation/">Far East Marine Transportation</a> (1) 1996</li> 1997 <li class="cat-item cat-item-637"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/federation-of-korean-industries/">Federation of Korean Industries</a> (1) 1998</li> 1999 <li class="cat-item cat-item-610"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/fifa/">FIFA</a> (2) 2000</li> 2001 <li class="cat-item cat-item-802"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/financial-action-task-force-fatf/">Financial Action Task Force (FATF)</a> (4) 2002</li> 2003 <li class="cat-item cat-item-600"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/frederich-ebert-stiftung/">Frederich Ebert Stiftung</a> (1) 2004</li> 2005 <li class="cat-item cat-item-80"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/friederick-naumann-foundation/">Friedrich Naumann Foundation</a> (5) 2006</li> 2007 <li class="cat-item cat-item-545"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/fuller-center/">Fuller Center</a> (2) 2008</li> 2009 <li class="cat-item cat-item-224"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/gavi/">GAVI</a> (1) 2010</li> 2011 <li class="cat-item cat-item-638"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/global-resource-services/">Global Resource Services</a> (1) 2012</li> 2013 <li class="cat-item cat-item-128"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/goethe-institute/">Goethe Institute</a> (1) 2014</li> 2015 <li class="cat-item cat-item-125"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/good-friends/">Good Friends</a> (50) 2016</li> 2017 <li class="cat-item cat-item-378"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/gpi-consultancy/">GPI Consultancy</a> (23) 2018</li> 2019 <li class="cat-item cat-item-502"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/green-one-korea/">Green One Korea</a> (5) 2020 <ul class='children'> 2021 <li class="cat-item cat-item-503"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/green-one-korea/korean-sharing-movement/">Korean Sharing Movement</a> (5) 2022</li> 2023 </ul> 2024</li> 2025 <li class="cat-item cat-item-663"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/hangdi-guanqun-investment-co/">hangdi Guanqun Investment Co.</a> (1) 2026</li> 2027 <li class="cat-item cat-item-345"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/hankyoreh-foundation-for-reunification-and-culture/">Hankyoreh Foundation for Reunification and Culture</a> (1) 2028</li> 2029 <li class="cat-item cat-item-656"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/hanns-seidel-foundation/">Hanns Seidel Foundation</a> (5) 2030</li> 2031 <li class="cat-item cat-item-714"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/humedica/">Humedica</a> (1) 2032</li> 2033 <li class="cat-item cat-item-336"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/imfworld-bank/">IMF/World Bank</a> (5) 2034</li> 2035 <li class="cat-item cat-item-374"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/institute-for-far-eastern-studies/">Institute for Far Eastern Studies</a> (126) 2036</li> 2037 <li class="cat-item cat-item-239"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/institute-for-strategy-and-reconciliation/">Institute for Strategy and Reconciliation</a> (1) 2038</li> 2039 <li class="cat-item cat-item-501"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/international-crane-foundation/">International Crane Foundation</a> (2) 2040</li> 2041 <li class="cat-item cat-item-424"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/international-vaccine-institute/">
2041International Vaccine Institute</a> (1) 2042</li> 2043 <li class="cat-item cat-item-124"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/international-red-cross/">International/Korean Red Cross</a> (39) 2044</li> 2045 <li class="cat-item cat-item-423"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/iri/">IRI</a> (1) 2046</li> 2047 <li class="cat-item cat-item-717"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/jeil-credit-bak/">Jeil Credit bak</a> (1) 2048</li> 2049 <li class="cat-item cat-item-570"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/johns-hopkins-sais/">John's Hopkins SAIS</a> (1) 2050</li> 2051 <li class="cat-item cat-item-123"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/join-together-society-rok/">Join Together Society (ROK)</a> (4) 2052</li> 2053 <li class="cat-item cat-item-723"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/jts-korea/">JTS-Korea</a> (1) 2054</li> 2055 <li class="cat-item cat-item-546"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/jubilee-partners/">Jubilee Partners</a> (1) 2056</li> 2057 <li class="cat-item cat-item-483"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/jungto-society/">Jungto Society</a> (2) 2058</li> 2059 <li class="cat-item cat-item-181"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/junior-chamber-international/">Junior Chamber International</a> (1) 2060</li> 2061 <li class="cat-item cat-item-421"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/kamaz/">Kamaz</a> (1) 2062</li> 2063 <li class="cat-item cat-item-389"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/kedo/">KEDO</a> (5) 2064</li> 2065 <li class="cat-item cat-item-465"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/kelvin-chia-partnership/">Kelvin Chia Partnership</a> (1) 2066</li> 2067 <li class="cat-item cat-item-726"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/kempinski/">Kempinski</a> (1) 2068</li> 2069 <li class="cat-item cat-item-184"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-institute-for-international-economic-policy/">KIEP-Korea Institute for International Economic Policy</a> (3) 2070</li> 2071 <li class="cat-item cat-item-87"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-business-consultants/">Korea Business Consultants</a> (18) 2072</li> 2073 <li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-chamber-of-commerce-and-industry-rok/">Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ROK)</a> (2) 2074</li> 2075 <li class="cat-item cat-item-232"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-development-institute/">Korea Development Institute</a> (3) 2076</li> 2077 <li class="cat-item cat-item-372"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-economic-institute/">Korea Economic Institute</a> (3) 2078</li> 2079 <li class="cat-item cat-item-377"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-energy-economic-institute/">Korea Energy Economic Institute</a> (1) 2080</li> 2081 <li class="cat-item cat-item-394"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-industrial-complex-corp-kicox/">Korea Industrial Complex Corp. (KICOX)</a> (1) 2082</li> 2083 <li class="cat-item cat-item-195"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-institute-for-national-unification/">Korea Institute for National Unification</a> (3) 2084</li> 2085 <li class="cat-item cat-item-271"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-international-trade-association-kita/">Korea International Trade Association (KITA)</a> (7) 2086</li> 2087 <li class="cat-item cat-item-612"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-ngo-council-for-cooperation-with-north-korea/">Korea NGO Council for Cooperation with North Korea</a> (1) 2088</li> 2089 <li class="cat-item cat-item-409"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-resources-corp/">Korea Resources Corp.</a> (1) 2090</li> 2091 <li class="cat-item cat-item-274"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-society/">Korea Society</a> (2) 2092</li> 2093 <li class="cat-item cat-item-357"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-software-financial-cooperative-ksfc/">
2093Korea Software Financial Cooperative (KSFC)</a> (1) 2094</li> 2095 <li class="cat-item cat-item-135"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-strategic/">Korea Strategic</a> (1) 2096</li> 2097 <li class="cat-item cat-item-255"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korea-trade-investment-promotion-agency-kotra/">Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA)</a> (14) 2098</li> 2099 <li class="cat-item cat-item-269"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korean-american-private-exchange-society/">Korean American Private Exchange Society</a> (1) 2100</li> 2101 <li class="cat-item cat-item-148"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korean-assoicates-business-consultancy/">Korean Assoicates Business Consultancy</a> (1) 2102</li> 2103 <li class="cat-item cat-item-488"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korean-confederation-of-trade-unions/">Korean Confederation of Trade Unions</a> (2) 2104</li> 2105 <li class="cat-item cat-item-635"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korean-conference-of-religion-and-peace-kcrp/">Korean Conference of Religion and Peace (KCRP)</a> (3) 2106</li> 2107 <li class="cat-item cat-item-309"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/korean-foundation-for-south-north-economic-and-cultural-cooperation/">Korean Foundation for South-North Economic and Cultural</a> (1) 2108</li> 2109 <li class="cat-item cat-item-219"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/koryo-asia-ltd/">Koryo Asia Ltd.</a> (11) 2110</li> 2111 <li class="cat-item cat-item-487"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/koryo-tours/">Koryo Tours</a> (51) 2112</li> 2113 <li class="cat-item cat-item-320"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/lfnkr/">LFNKR</a> (1) 2114</li> 2115 <li class="cat-item cat-item-640"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/love-north-korean-children/">Love North Korean Children</a> (4) 2116</li> 2117 <li class="cat-item cat-item-598"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/loxley-pacific/">Loxley Pacific</a> (1) 2118</li> 2119 <li class="cat-item cat-item-266"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/maxgro-holdings/">Maxgro holdings</a> (3) 2120</li> 2121 <li class="cat-item cat-item-595"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/mennonite-central-committee/">Mennonite Central Committee</a> (2) 2122</li> 2123 <li class="cat-item cat-item-268"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/mercy-corps/">Mercy Corps</a> (10) 2124</li> 2125 <li class="cat-item cat-item-559"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/merry-co/">Merry Co.</a> (1) 2126</li> 2127 <li class="cat-item cat-item-683"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/mondo/">Mondo</a> (1) 2128</li> 2129 <li class="cat-item cat-item-710"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/nanum-international/">Nanum International</a> (1) 2130</li> 2131 <li class="cat-item cat-item-290"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/national-committee-on-north-korea/">National Committee on North Korea</a> (1) 2132</li> 2133 <li class="cat-item cat-item-182"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/nautilus-institute/">Nautilus Institute</a> (8) 2134</li> 2135 <li class="cat-item cat-item-391"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/north-east-asia-bank-neab/">North East Asia Bank (NEAB)</a> (1) 2136</li> 2137 <li class="cat-item cat-item-684"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/north-korea-intellectuals-solidarity/">North Korea Intellectuals Solidarity</a> (1) 2138</li> 2139 <li class="cat-item cat-item-440"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/north-korea-international-documentation-project-nkidp/">North Korea International Documentation Project (NKIDP)</a> (15) 2140</li> 2141 <li class="cat-item cat-item-437"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/nosotek/">Nosotek</a> (10) 2142</li> 2143 <li class="cat-item cat-item-526"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/operation-usa/">Operation USA</a> (1) 2144</li> 2145 <li class="cat-item cat-item-413"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/orascom-telecom-holding/">Orascom Telecom Holding</a> (50) 2146 <ul class='children'> 2147 <li class="cat-item cat-item-479"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/orascom-telecom-holding/ora-bank/">Ora Bank</a> (5) 2148</li> 2149 </ul> 2150</li> 2151 <li class="cat-item cat-item-746"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/peace-economic-development-group/">Peace Economic Development Group</a> (2) 2152</li> 2153 <li class="cat-item cat-item-441"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/peterson-institute/">
2153Peterson Institute</a> (10) 2154</li> 2155 <li class="cat-item cat-item-365"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/pharmaceutical-manufacturers-association/">Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (ROK)</a> (1) 2156</li> 2157 <li class="cat-item cat-item-443"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/phoenix-commerical-ventures/">Phoenix Commerical Ventures</a> (9) 2158</li> 2159 <li class="cat-item cat-item-447"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/posco/">POSCO</a> (1) 2160</li> 2161 <li class="cat-item cat-item-335"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/premiere-urgence/">Premiere Urgence</a> (2) 2162</li> 2163 <li class="cat-item cat-item-576"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/pscore/">Pscore</a> (4) 2164</li> 2165 <li class="cat-item cat-item-301"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/pyonghwa-motors/">Pyonghwa Motors</a> (16) 2166</li> 2167 <li class="cat-item cat-item-529"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/quintermina-ag/">Quintermina AG</a> (1) 2168</li> 2169 <li class="cat-item cat-item-658"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/rimjingang/">Rimjingang</a> (8) 2170</li> 2171 <li class="cat-item cat-item-380"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/samaritans-purse/">Samaritan's Purse</a> (10) 2172</li> 2173 <li class="cat-item cat-item-395"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/shelter-box/">Shelter Box</a> (1) 2174</li> 2175 <li class="cat-item cat-item-210"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/silibank/">Silibank</a> (3) 2176</li> 2177 <li class="cat-item cat-item-490"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/south-north-cooperation-for-it-exchange/">South-North Cooperation for IT Exchange</a> (1) 2178</li> 2179 <li class="cat-item cat-item-393"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/south-north-korean-economic-cooperation-forum/">South-North Korean Economic Cooperation Forum</a> (3) 2180</li> 2181 <li class="cat-item cat-item-558"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/swiss-agency-for-development-and-cooperation-sadc/">Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SADC)</a> (4) 2182</li> 2183 <li class="cat-item cat-item-547"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/syracuse-university/">Syracuse University</a> (1) 2184</li> 2185 <li class="cat-item cat-item-209"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/thomas-payne/">Thomas Payne</a> (1) 2186</li> 2187 <li class="cat-item cat-item-643"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/triangle-generation-humanitaire/">Triangle Génération Humanitaire</a> (1) 2188</li> 2189 <li class="cat-item cat-item-548"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/us-dprk-scientific-engagement-consortium/">U.S.-DPRK Scientific Engagement Consortium</a> (1) 2190</li> 2191 <li class="cat-item cat-item-780"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/wellspring/">Wellspring</a> (1) 2192</li> 2193 <li class="cat-item cat-item-584"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/welthungerhilfe/">Welthungerhilfe</a> (2) 2194</li> 2195 <li class="cat-item cat-item-659"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/world-agroforestry-center/">World Agroforestry Center</a> (2) 2196</li> 2197 <li class="cat-item cat-item-534"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/world-council-of-churches/">World Council of Churches</a> (1) 2198</li> 2199 <li class="cat-item cat-item-346"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/world-vision/">World Vision</a> (10) 2200</li> 2201 <li class="cat-item cat-item-722"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/organizaitons/yanbian-haihua/">Yanbian Haihua</a> (1) 2202</li> 2203</ul> 2204</li> 2205 <li class="cat-item cat-item-45"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/">International trade</a> (1,221) 2206<ul class='children'> 2207 <li class="cat-item cat-item-871"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/sanctions-international-trade/">Sanctions</a> (5) 2208</li> 2209</ul> 2210</li> 2211 <li class="cat-item cat-item-46"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/labor-conditionswages/">Labor conditions/wages</a> (278) 2212</li> 2213 <li class="cat-item cat-item-358"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/leisure/">Leisure</a> (11) 2214</li> 2215 <li class="cat-item cat-item-130"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/library/">Library</a> (14) 2216</li> 2217 <li class="cat-item cat-item-221"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/manufacturing/">Manufacturing</a> (342) 2218<ul class='children'> 2219 <li class="cat-item cat-item-651"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/manufacturing/cnc/">CNC</a> (25) 2220</li> 2221 <li class="cat-item cat-item-222"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/manufacturing/light-industry/">Light Industry</a> (204) 2222</li> 2223</ul> 2224</li> 2225 <li class="cat-item cat-item-879"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/market-prices/">Market prices</a> (4) 2226</li> 2227 <li class="cat-item cat-item-56"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/military/">Military</a> (299) 2228<ul class='children'> 2229 <li class="cat-item cat-item-769"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/military/rocket-tests/">Rocket Tests</a> (4) 2230 <ul class='children'> 2231 <li class="cat-item cat-item-770"><a href="https://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/military/rocket-tests/paektusan-1/">Paektusan 1</a> (1) 2232</li> 2233 <li class="cat-item cat-item-771"><a 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