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175            <i class="icon-clear-search">X</i>
176            <input type="text" name="s" id="s" value="" />
177        </div>
178    </form>								</div>
179								<!-- /searchform-wrap -->
180							
181															<nav id="main-nav-wrap" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
182									<ul id="main-nav" class="main-nav clearfix"><li class="page_item page-item-6 page_item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="/">OAuth.com</a>
183<ul class='children'>
184	<li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="/oauth2-servers/background/">Background</a></li>
185	<li class="page_item page-item-914 current_page_item"><a href="/oauth2-servers/getting-ready/" data-section="1">Getting Ready</a></li>
186	<li class="page_item page-item-896 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/" data-section="2">Accessing Data in an OAuth Server</a>
187	<ul class='children'>
188		<li class="page_item page-item-898"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/create-an-application/" data-section="2.1">Create an Application</a></li>
189		<li class="page_item page-item-903"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/setting-up-the-environment/" data-section="2.2">Setting up the Environment</a></li>
190		<li class="page_item page-item-907"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/authorization-request/" data-section="2.3">Authorization Request</a></li>
191		<li class="page_item page-item-910"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/obtaining-an-access-token/" data-section="2.4">Obtaining an Access Token</a></li>
192		<li class="page_item page-item-912"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/making-api-requests/" data-section="4.5">Making API Requests</a></li>
193	</ul>
194</li>
195	<li class="page_item page-item-28 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/" data-section="3">Signing in with Google</a>
196	<ul class='children'>
197		<li class="page_item page-item-883"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/create-an-application/" data-section="3.1">Create an Application</a></li>
198		<li class="page_item page-item-886"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/setting-up-the-environment/" data-section="3.2">Setting up the Environment</a></li>
199		<li class="page_item page-item-888"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/authorization-request/" data-section="3.3">Authorization Request</a></li>
200		<li class="page_item page-item-891"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/getting-an-id-token/" data-section="3.4">Getting an ID Token</a></li>
201		<li class="page_item page-item-893"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/verifying-the-user-info/" data-section="3.5">Verifying the User Info</a></li>
202	</ul>
203</li>
204	<li class="page_item page-item-95 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/" data-section="4">Server-Side Apps</a>
205	<ul class='children'>
206		<li class="page_item page-item-865"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/authorization-code/" data-section="4.1">Authorization Code Grant</a></li>
207		<li class="page_item page-item-869">
207<a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/example-flow/" data-section="4.2">Example Flow</a></li>
208		<li class="page_item page-item-872"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/possible-errors/" data-section="4.3">Possible Errors</a></li>
209		<li class="page_item page-item-874"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/user-experience/" data-section="4.4">User Experience and Security Considerations</a></li>
210	</ul>
211</li>
212	<li class="page_item page-item-36 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/" data-section="5">Single-Page Apps</a>
213	<ul class='children'>
214		<li class="page_item page-item-856"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/authorization/" data-section="5.1">Authorization</a></li>
215		<li class="page_item page-item-850"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/example-flow/" data-section="5.2">Example Flow</a></li>
216		<li class="page_item page-item-847"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/implicit-flow/" data-section="5.3">Implicit Flow for Single-Page Apps</a></li>
217		<li class="page_item page-item-854"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/security-considerations/" data-section="5.4">Security Considerations for Single-Page Apps</a></li>
218	</ul>
219</li>
220	<li class="page_item page-item-33 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/" data-section="6">Mobile and Native Apps</a>
221	<ul class='children'>
222		<li class="page_item page-item-838"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/authorization/" data-section="6.1">Authorization</a></li>
223		<li class="page_item page-item-841"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/security-considerations/" data-section="6.2">Security Considerations</a></li>
224	</ul>
225</li>
226	<li class="page_item page-item-138 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/making-authenticated-requests/" data-section="7">Making Authenticated Requests</a>
227	<ul class='children'>
228		<li class="page_item page-item-833"><a href="/oauth2-servers/making-authenticated-requests/refreshing-an-access-token/" data-section="7.1">Refresh Tokens</a></li>
229	</ul>
230</li>
231	<li class="page_item page-item-140 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/" data-section="8">Client Registration</a>
232	<ul class='children'>
233		<li class="page_item page-item-142"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/registering-new-application/" data-section="8.1">Registering a New Application</a></li>
234		<li class="page_item page-item-144"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/client-id-secret/" data-section="8.2">The Client ID and Secret</a></li>
235		<li class="page_item page-item-146"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/deleting-applications-revoking-secrets/" data-section="8.3">Deleting Applications and Revoking Secrets</a></li>
236	</ul>
237</li>
238	<li class="page_item page-item-148 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/" data-section="9">Authorization</a>
239	<ul class='children'>
240		<li class="page_item page-item-161"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-request/" data-section="9.1">The Authorization Request</a></li>
241		<li class="page_item page-item-164"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/requiring-user-login/" data-section="9.2">Requiring User Login</a></li>
242		<li class="page_item page-item-166"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-interface/" data-section="9.3">The Authorization Interface</a></li>
243		<li class="page_item page-item-168"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-response/" data-section="9.4">The Authorization Response</a></li>
244		<li class="page_item page-item-170"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/security-considerations/" data-section="9.5">Security Considerations</a></li>
245	</ul>
246</li>
247	<li class="page_item page-item-174 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/" data-section="10">Scope</a>
248	<ul class='children'>
249		<li class="page_item page-item-177"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/defining-scopes/" data-section="10.1">Defining Scopes</a></li>
250		<li class="page_item page-item-179"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/user-interface/" data-section="10.2">User Interface</a></li>
251		<li class="page_item page-item-181">
251<a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/checkboxes/" data-section="10.3">Checkboxes</a></li>
252	</ul>
253</li>
254	<li class="page_item page-item-184 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/" data-section="11">Redirect URLs</a>
255	<ul class='children'>
256		<li class="page_item page-item-186"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uri-registration/" data-section="11.1">Redirect URL Registration</a></li>
257		<li class="page_item page-item-188"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uris-native-apps/" data-section="11.2">Redirect URLs for Native Apps</a></li>
258		<li class="page_item page-item-190"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uri-validation/" data-section="11.3">Redirect URL Validation</a></li>
259	</ul>
260</li>
261	<li class="page_item page-item-194 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/" data-section="12">Access Tokens</a>
262	<ul class='children'>
263		<li class="page_item page-item-196"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/authorization-code-request/" data-section="12.1">Authorization Code Request</a></li>
264		<li class="page_item page-item-198"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/password-grant/" data-section="12.2">Password Grant</a></li>
265		<li class="page_item page-item-200"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/client-credentials/" data-section="12.3">Client Credentials</a></li>
266		<li class="page_item page-item-202"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-response/" data-section="12.4">Access Token Response</a></li>
267		<li class="page_item page-item-204"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/self-encoded-access-tokens/" data-section="12.5">Self-Encoded Access Tokens</a></li>
268		<li class="page_item page-item-206"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-lifetime/" data-section="12.6">Access Token Lifetime</a></li>
269		<li class="page_item page-item-208"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/refreshing-access-tokens/" data-section="12.7">Refreshing Access Tokens</a></li>
270	</ul>
271</li>
272	<li class="page_item page-item-210 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/listing-authorizations/" data-section="13">Listing Authorizations</a>
273	<ul class='children'>
274		<li class="page_item page-item-212"><a href="/oauth2-servers/listing-authorizations/revoking-access/" data-section="13.1">Revoking Access</a></li>
275	</ul>
276</li>
277	<li class="page_item page-item-216"><a href="/oauth2-servers/the-resource-server/" data-section="14">The Resource Server</a></li>
278	<li class="page_item page-item-608 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/" data-section="15">OAuth for Native Apps</a>
279	<ul class='children'>
280		<li class="page_item page-item-614"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/use-system-browser/" data-section="15.1">Use a System Browser</a></li>
281		<li class="page_item page-item-620"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/redirect-urls-for-native-apps/" data-section="15.2">Redirect URLs for Native Apps</a></li>
282		<li class="page_item page-item-626"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/pkce/" data-section="15.3">PKCE Extension</a></li>
283		<li class="page_item page-item-627"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/checklist-server-support-native-apps/" data-section="15.4">Checklist for Server Support for Native Apps</a></li>
284	</ul>
285</li>
286	<li class="page_item page-item-640 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/" data-section="16">OAuth for Browserless and Input-Constrained Devices</a>
287	<ul class='children'>
288		<li class="page_item page-item-643"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/user-flow/" data-section="16.1">User Flow</a></li>
289		<li class="page_item page-item-656"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/authorization-request/" data-section="16.2">Authorization Request</a></li>
290		<li class="page_item page-item-660"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/token-request/" data-section="16.3">Token Request</a></li>
291		<li class="page_item page-item-662"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/authorization-server-requirements/" data-section="16.4">Authorization Server Requirements</a></li>
292		<li class="page_item page-item-666">
292<a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/security-considerations/" data-section="16.5">Security Considerations</a></li>
293	</ul>
294</li>
295	<li class="page_item page-item-668 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/" data-section="17">Protecting Apps with PKCE</a>
296	<ul class='children'>
297		<li class="page_item page-item-670"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/authorization-request/" data-section="17.1">Authorization Request</a></li>
298		<li class="page_item page-item-673"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/authorization-code-exchange/" data-section="17.2">Authorization Code Exchange</a></li>
299	</ul>
300</li>
301	<li class="page_item page-item-214"><a href="/oauth2-servers/token-introspection-endpoint/" data-section="18">Token Introspection Endpoint</a></li>
302	<li class="page_item page-item-220"><a href="/oauth2-servers/creating-documentation/" data-section="19">Creating Documentation</a></li>
303	<li class="page_item page-item-108"><a href="/oauth2-servers/definitions/" data-section="20">Terminology Reference</a></li>
304	<li class="page_item page-item-136 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/" data-section="21">Differences Between OAuth 1 and 2</a>
305	<ul class='children'>
306		<li class="page_item page-item-225"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/authentication-and-signatures/" data-section="21.1">Authentication and Signatures</a></li>
307		<li class="page_item page-item-227"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/user-experience-alternative-token-issuance-options/" data-section="21.2">User Experience and Alternative Token Issuance Options</a></li>
308		<li class="page_item page-item-229"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/performance-at-scale/" data-section="21.3">Performance at Scale</a></li>
309		<li class="page_item page-item-231"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/bearer-tokens/" data-section="21.4">Bearer Tokens</a></li>
310		<li class="page_item page-item-233"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/short-lived-tokens-long-lived-authorizations/" data-section="21.5">Short-lived tokens with Long-lived authorizations</a></li>
311		<li class="page_item page-item-235"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/separation-of-roles/" data-section="21.6">Separation of Roles</a></li>
312	</ul>
313</li>
314	<li class="page_item page-item-676 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/" data-section="22">OpenID Connect</a>
315	<ul class='children'>
316		<li class="page_item page-item-678"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/authorization-vs-authentication/" data-section="22.1">Authorization vs Authentication</a></li>
317		<li class="page_item page-item-680"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/building-an-authentication-framework/" data-section="22.2">Building an Authentication Framework</a></li>
318		<li class="page_item page-item-682"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/id-tokens/" data-section="22.3">ID Tokens</a></li>
319		<li class="page_item page-item-684"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/summary/" data-section="22.4">Summary</a></li>
320	</ul>
321</li>
322	<li class="page_item page-item-686 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/" data-section="23">IndieAuth</a>
323	<ul class='children'>
324		<li class="page_item page-item-738"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/discovery/" data-section="23.1">Discovery</a></li>
325		<li class="page_item page-item-688"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/sign-in/" data-section="23.2">IndieAuth Sign-In Workflow</a></li>
326		<li class="page_item page-item-690"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/authorization/" data-section="23.3">IndieAuth Authorization Workflow</a></li>
327	</ul>
328</li>
329	<li class="page_item page-item-693"><a href="/oauth2-servers/map-oauth-2-0-specs/" data-section="24">Map of OAuth 2.0 Specs</a></li>
330	<li class="page_item page-item-697"><a href="/oauth2-servers/tools-and-libraries/" data-section="25">Tools and Libraries</a></li>
331	<li class="page_item page-item-715"><a href="/oauth2-servers/appendix/">Appendix</a></li>
332</ul>
333</li>
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378			<h1 class="page-title">
379				Getting Ready			</h1>
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381
382		<span class="section-number">1</span>	</div>
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398			                <time datetime="2018-07-12"></time>
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400								</h1>
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409<p>In Part I of this book, we&#8217;ll walk through the things you need to know when you&#8217;re building an app that talks to an existing OAuth 2.0 API. Whether you&#8217;re building a web app or a mobile app, there are a few things you&#8217;ll need to keep in mind as we get started.</p>
410<p>Every OAuth 2.0 service will require that you first register a new application, which also typically requires that you first sign up as a developer with the service.</p>
411<h2>Creating an Application</h2>
412<p>The registration process typically involves creating a developer account on the service&#8217;s website, then entering basic information about the application such as the name, website, logo, etc. After registering the application, you&#8217;ll be given a <code>client_id</code> (and a <code>client_secret</code> in some cases) that you&#8217;ll use when your app interacts with the service.</p>
413<p>One of the most important things when creating the application is to register one or more redirect URLs the application will use. The redirect URLs are where the OAuth 2.0 service will return the user to after they have authorized the application. It is critical that these are registered, otherwise it is easy to create malicious applications that can steal user data. This is covered in more detail later in this book.</p>
414<h2>
414Redirect URLs and State</h2>
415<p>OAuth 2.0 APIs will only redirect users to a URL that was previously registered with the service, in order to prevent redirection attacks where an authorization code or access token can be intercepted by an attacker. Some services may allow you to register multiple redirect URLs, which can help when your web app may be running on serveral different subdomains.</p>
416<p>In order to be secure, the redirect URL must be an https endpoint to prevent the authorization code from being intercepted during the authorization process. If your redirect URL is not https, then an attacker may be able to intercept the authorization code and use it to hijack a session. The one exception to this is for apps running on the loopback interface, such as a native desktop application, or when doing local development. However even though the spec allows this exception, some OAuth services you encounter may require https redirect URLs anyway.</p>
417<p>OAuth services should be looking for an exact match of the redirect URL. This means a redirect URL of <code>https://example.com/auth</code> would not match <code>https://example.com/auth?destination=account</code>. It is best practice to avoid using query string parameters in your redirect URL, and have it include just a path.</p>
418<p>Some applications may have multiple places they want to start the OAuth process from, such as a login link on a home page as well as a login link when viewing some public item. For these applications, it may be tempting to try to register multiple redirect URLs, or you may think you need to be able to vary the redirect URL per request. Instead, OAuth 2.0 provides a mechanism for this, the &#8220;state&#8221; parameter.</p>
419<p>The &#8220;state&#8221; parameter can be used to encode application state, but it must also include some amount of random data if you&#8217;re not also including <a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/" class="section">PKCE</a> parameters in the request. The state parameter is a string that is opaque to the OAuth 2.0 service, so whatever state value you pass in during the initial authorization request will be returned after the user authorizes the application. You could for example encode a redirect URL in something like a JWT, and parse this after the user is redirected back to your application so you can take the user back to the appropriate location after they sign in.</p>
420<p>Note that unless you are using a signed or encrypted method like JWT to encode the state parameter, you should treat it as untrusted/unvalidated data when it arrives at your redirect URL, since it&#8217;s trivial for anyone to modify that parameter on the redirect back to your app.</p>
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580<script type='text/javascript' defer="defer" src='/wp-content/themes/themify-ultra/themify/js/main.min.js?ver=4.7.7' id='themify-main-script-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 580
580
581<script type='text/javascript' defer="defer" src='/wp-content/themes/themify-ultra/themify/js/themify.sidemenu.min.js?ver=1.0.0' id='slide-nav-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 581
581
582<script type='text/javascript' id='theme-script-js-extra'>
583/* <![CDATA[ */
584var themifyScript = {"themeURI":"https:\/\/www.oauth.com\/wp-content\/themes\/themify-ultra","lightbox":{"lightboxSelector":".themify_lightbox","lightboxOn":true,"lightboxContentImages":false,"lightboxContentImagesSelector":"","theme":"pp_default","social_tools":false,"allow_resize":true,"show_title":false,"overlay_gallery":false,"screenWidthNoLightbox":600,"deeplinking":false,"contentImagesAreas":"","gallerySelector":".gallery-icon > a","lightboxGalleryOn":true},"fixedHeader":"fixed-header","sticky_header":"","ajax_nonce":"90ca84f98a","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.oauth.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","parallaxHeader":"1","pageLoaderEffect":"","infiniteEnable":"0","fullPageScroll":"","shop_masonry":"no","responsiveBreakpoints":{"tablet_landscape":"1024","tablet":"768","mobile":"480"}};
585/* ]]> */
586</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 586
586
587<script type='text/javascript' defer="defer" src='/wp-content/themes/themify-ultra/js/themify.script.min.js?ver=1.0.0' id='theme-script-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 587
587
588<script type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/themes/oauthdotcom/js/master.js?ver=5a2639f42501af84abfd82f346cc51eae7a90995' id='fabric-master-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 588
588
589<script type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/themes/oauthdotcom/js/cookie.js?ver=02fc4fe91fdd37432e130857ad5ada2a84525a13' id='playground-cookie-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 589
589
590<script type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/themes/oauthdotcom/js/crypto.js?ver=b1999063286ff48e2dfaeed2107d9f427c8506d8' id='playground-crypto-js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 590
590
591<script type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/themes/oauthdotcom/js/common.js?ver=149596cc0c6824a0e1eff9271ad09514046367b2' id='playground-common-js'></script>
591
592	
592<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"7fe4a5104e","applicationID":"22011134","transactionName":"ZVEEZBAFDUpTABFfDlwbJ1MWDQxXHRMEUQQ=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":226,"atts":"SRYHElgfHkQ=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script>
592</body>
593</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.