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font-weight: bold;">DEPARTMENT OF SPACE</a> 474 | <a href="http://www.isro.gov.in" 475 onclick="return confirm('You are being redirected to ISRO Website.')" 476 style="color: white; font-weight: bold;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO)</a> 477 </div> 478 <div class="col-sm-4 col-md-4 " 479 style="text-align: right; padding-right: 25px;"> 480 <a href="#main-con" title="Skip to main content" 481 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">Skip to main content</a> 482 <span style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">| 483 </span> <a href="#" 484 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small" 485 id="decfont">A-</a> <span 486 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">| 487 </span> <a href="#" 488 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small" 489 id="incfont">A+</a> <span 490 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">| 491 </span> <a href="?lang=en" 492 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">ENGLISH</a> 493 <span style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">| 494 </span> <a href="?lang=hi" 495 style="color: white; font-weight: bold; font-size: small">हिनà¥à¤¦à¥</a> 496 497 498 499 500 </div> 501 </div> 502 <!-- Top Row ends here --> 503 <!-- Banner starts here --> 504 <div class="row"> 505 <img src="/images/Banner.jpg" 506 alt="SAC Logo, National Emblem ISRO Logo" class="img-responsive" 507 style="width: 100%; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;"> 508 </div> 509 <!-- Banner ends here --> 510 </div> 511 512 </header> 513 <!-- Navigation starts here --> 514 <div id="nav"> 515 <div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static" 516 style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> 517 <div class="row" style="background-color: rgba(0, 102, 152, 1);"> 518 <!-- four bar will be visible when switch to mobile --> 519 <div class="navbar-header" 520 style="background-color: white; background-size: contain; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat;"> 521 <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" 522 data-target=".navbar-collapse" style="padding: 5px;"> 523 <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span 524 class="icon-bar"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Menu</span> 525 </button> 526 </div> 527 <!-- Actual menu bar starts here --> 528 <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> 529 <ul class="nav nav-menu"> 530 <li class="active size-medium"><a 531 href="/index?lang=en"><i 532 class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a></li> 533 <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" 534 data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-comments-o fa-fw"></i> 535 About Us <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 536 </a> 537 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 538 <li><a 539 href="/overview?lang=en"><i 540 class="fa fa-road fa-fw"></i> Overview, Genesis and History</a></li> 541 <li class="divider"></li> 542 <li><a 543 href="/founder?lang=en"><i 544 class="fa fa-black-tie fa-fw"></i> Our Founder</a></li> 545 <li class="divider"></li> 546 <li><a 547 href="/chairman?lang=en"><i 548 class="fa fa-user-plus fa-fw"></i> Our Chairman</a></li> 549 <li class="divider"></li> 550 <li><a 551 href="/director?lang=en"><i 552 class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i> Our Director</a></li> 553 <li class="divider"></li> 554 <li><a 555 href="/organisation?lang=en"><i 556 class="fa fa-sitemap fa-fw"></i> Organisation</a></li> 557 <li class="divider"></li> 558 <li><a 559 href="/Green?lang=en"><i 560 class="fa fa-tree"></i> Green Initiatives</a></li> 561 </ul></li> 562 <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" 563 data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-sliders fa-fw"></i> 564 Projects and Activities <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 565 </a> 566 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 567 <li><a 568 href="/CommNavPayloads?lang=en"><i
569 class="fa fa-street-view fa-fw"></i> Communication and Navigation Payloads</a></li> 570 <li class="divider"></li> 571 <li><a 572 href="/eop?lang=en"><i 573 class="fa fa-map-signs fa-fw"></i> Earth Observation Payloads</a></li> 574 <li class="divider"></li> 575 <li><a 576 href="/CommNavApplications?lang=en"><i 577 class="fa fa-weixin fa-fw"></i> Communication and Navigation Applications</a></li> 578 <li class="divider"></li> 579 <li><a 580 href="/eoa?lang=en"> 581 <i class="fa fa-globe fa-fw"></i> Earth Observation Applications 582 </a></li> 583 <li class="divider"></li> 584 <li><a 585 href="/ExploratorySciences?lang=en"><i 586 class="fa fa-flask fa-fw"></i> Exploratory Sciences</a></li> 587 <li class="divider"></li> 588 <li><a 589 href="/technical?lang=en"><i 590 class="fa fa-wrench fa-fw"></i> Technical Facilities</a></li> 591 </ul></li> 592 <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" 593 data-toggle="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-gears fa-fw"></i> 594 Work with SAC <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 595 596 </a> 597 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 598 <!--<li><a th:href="@{/careers/}"> <i class="fa fa-send-o fa-fw"></i> Careers<span th:if="${careerWeeklyCount > 0}">(<span th:text="${careerWeeklyCount}"></span>)<img th:src="@{/images/newLiveBullet_vyom.gif}"> </span></a></li>--> 599 <!--<li class="divider"></li>--> 600 <li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" 601 onclick="return confirm('You are being redirected to Research Website.')" 602 href="/respond/"><i 603 class="fa fa-rupee fa-fw"></i> Sponsored Research</a></li> 604 <li class="divider"></li> 605 <li><a 606 href="/srtd?lang=en"><i 607 class="fa fa-group fa-fw"></i> Scientific Research and Training</a></li> 608 </ul></li> 609 <li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" 610 data-toggle="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-rupee fa-fw"></i> 611 Business with SAC <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 612 613 </a> 614 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 615 <li><a 616 href="/tenders/?lang=en"> 617 <i class="fa fa-shopping-cart fa-fw"></i> Tenders 618 <span> (<span>10</span>) <img 619 src="/images/newLiveBullet_vyom.gif" alt="new"> 620 </span> 621 </a></li> 622 <li class="divider"></li> 623 <li><a 624 href="/industry_portal?lang=en"><i 625 class="fa fa-industry fa-fw"></i> Industry Collaboration</a></li> 626 </ul></li> 627 <li class="dropdown" style=""><a class="dropdown-toggle" 628 href="#" data-toggle="dropdown"> <i 629 class="fa fa-suitcase fa-fw"></i> Resources <i 630 class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 631 </a> 632 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 633 <li><a href= "http://www.mosdac.gov.in/tools/MOSDACApp.apk" 634 target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" 635 onclick=" return confirm('You are being redirected to MOSDAC Website.')"><i 636 class="fa fa-android fa-fw"></i> MOSDAC App</a></li> 637 <li class="divider"></li> 638 <li><a 639 href="/time_current?lang=en"> 640 <i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> NavIC Time 641 </a></li> 642 <li class="divider"></li> 643 <!-- comment --> 644 <li><a 645 href="/publications/?lang=en"> 646 <i class="fa fa-book"></i> Publications 647 </a></li> 648 649 </ul></li> 650 <li class="dropdown" style=""><a class="dropdown-toggle" 651 href="#" data-toggle="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-globe fa-fw"></i> 652 Public Relations <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> 653 </a> 654 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 655 <li><a 656 href="/VSSE?lang=en"> 657 <i class="fa fa-child fa-fw"></i> Space Exhibition (VSSE) 658 </a></li> 659 <li class="divider"></li> 660 <li><a 661 href="/Visitor?lang=en"> 662 <i class="fa fa-group fa-fw"></i> Visitor Information 663 </a></li> 664 <li class="divider"></li> 665 <li><a 666 href="/contact?lang=en"> 667 <i class="fa fa-tty fa-fw"> </i> Contact Us 668 </a></li> 669 <li class="divider"></li> 670 <li><a 671 href="/VIGILANCE?lang=en">
672 <i class="fa fa-street-view"> </i> Vigilance 673 </a></li> 674 </ul></li> 675 <li><a 676 href="/careers/?lang=en"> 677 <i class="fa fa-send-o fa-fw"></i> Careers 678 </a></li> 679 680 <!-- --> 681 <li><a href="#stream"> 682 <i class="fa fa-video-camera fa-fw"></i> Live Streaming 683 </a></li> 684 685 686 <!--<li><a 687 href="https://sac50.in" target="_blank"> 688 <i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw"></i> SAC 50+ Registration 689 690 </a></li>--> 691 <!-- <li class="dropdown" style=""><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-graduation-cap fa-fw"></i> Student's Corner <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> </a> 692 <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-tasks"> 693 <li><a th:href="@{/VSSE}"><i class="fa fa-space-shuttle fa-fw"></i> Space Exhibition (VSSE)</a></li> 694 <li class="divider"></li> 695 <li><a th:href="@{/srtd#internship}"><i class="fa fa-black-tie fa-fw"></i> Internship</a></li> 696 <li class="divider"></li> 697 <li><a th:href="@{/careers/}"> <i class="fa fa-send-o fa-fw"></i> Careers 698 <span th:if="${careerWeeklyCount > 0}">(<span th:text="${careerWeeklyCount}"></span>)<img th:src="@{/images/newLiveBullet_vyom.gif}" alt="new"> </span> 699 </a></li> 700 </ul></li>--> 701 702 <!--<li> 703 <form th:if="${ENFLAG}" th:action="@{/search/result?lang=en}" 704 method="post"> 705 <div class="input-group" 706 style="padding-top: 8px; margin-left: 85px"> 707 <label for="query" class="sr-only" style="opacity: 1; color: rgb(0 0 189); background-color: rgb(194 235 255);">Search</label> <input 708 type="text" title="Search in" class="form-control" id="query" 709 name="query" placeholder="Search here..." required> <span 710 style="margin-left: 15px"> 711 <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" 712 style="background-color: unset; border: unset;"> 713 <i class="fa fa-search" 714 style="font-size: large; padding-top: 7px;"></i>Search 715 </button> 716 </span> 717 </div> 718 </form> 719 720 <form th:unless="${ENFLAG}" th:action="@{/search/result?lang=hi}" 721 method="post"> 722 <div class="input-group" 723 style="padding-top: 8px; margin-left: 85px"> 724 <label for="query" class="sr-only" style="opacity: 1; color: rgb(0 0 189); background-color: rgb(194 235 255);">Search</label> <input 725 type="text" title="Search in" class="form-control" id="query" 726 name="query" placeholder="यहाठà¤à¥à¤à¥à¤..." required> <span 727 style="margin-left: 15px"> 728 <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" 729 style="background-color: unset; border: unset;"> 730 <i class="fa fa-search" 731 style="font-size: large; padding-top: 7px;"></i> 732 </button> 733 </span> 734 </div> 735 </form> 736 </li>--> 737 </ul> 738 739 </div> 740 <!-- Actual menu bar ends here --> 741 </div> 742 </div> 743 <!-- /.navbar --> 744 </div> 745 <!-- Navigation ends here --> 746 <!-- JavaScript Libraries --> 747<!-- 748
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758 759<div id="main-con"> 760 <div class="row"> 761 <div class="container"><br> 762 <ol class="breadcrumb" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> 763 <li><a href="/index?lang=en">Home</a></li> 764 <li><a href="#">About Us</a></li> 765 <li class="active">Overview, Genesis and History</li> 766 </ol> 767 <div class="col-lg-9" style="padding: 0px"> 768 <div class="panel-body" style="padding: 0px"><!-- <h1 class="h1 text-center">Overview</h1> --> 769 <div class="panel panel-primary"> 770 <div class="panel-heading text-center"><span style="font-size: large;">Overview, Genesis and History</span> 771 </div> 772 <div class="panel-content" style="padding: 15px; text-align: justify;"> 773 <img class="img-thumbnail" src="./images/SAC_C.JPG" alt="sac-c" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#G1"> <!-- Modal --> 774 <div class="modal fade" id="G1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 775 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 776 <div class="modal-content"><img src="./images/SAC_C.JPG" alt="sac-c" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal" > 777 </div> 778 </div> 779 </div> 780 <!--END Modal --> 781 <br> 782 <h3 class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 10px;">The legendry Ahmedabad Earth Station built in 1966</h3> 783 <br> <span class="lead">Overview:</span><br>Space Applications Centre (SAC), is a major research and development centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It plays a key role in realizing vision and mission of ISRO. Located at Ahmedabad, SAC is spread across two campuses having multi-disciplinary activities.<br> 784 <br>The core competence of the centre lies in development of space borne and air borne instruments/payloads and their applications for national development and societal benefits. These applications are in diverse areas and primarily meet the communication, navigation and remote sensing needs of the country. Besides these, the centre also contributes significantly in scientific and planetary missions of ISRO like Chandrayan-1, Mars Orbiter Mission etc.<br> <br>The communication transponders developed at this centre for Indian National Satellite (INSAT) and Geo Synchronous Satellite (GSAT) series of satellites are used by government and private sector for VSAT, DTH, internet, broadcasting, telephony etc. These satellites are instrumental in reaching remote parts of the country. The payloads for major navigation systems of the country - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) and GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) are being developed by this centre.<br> 785 <br><br>This centre designs and develops the optical and microware sensors for the satellites, signal and image processing software, GIS software and many applications for Earth Observation (EO) programme of ISRO. These applications are in diverse areas of Geosciences, Agriculture, Environment and Climate Change, Physical Oceanography, Biological Oceanography, Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere etc.<br> 786 <br>The facilities at SAC includes highly sophisticated payload integration laboratories, electronic and mechanical fabrication facilities, environmental test facilities, systems reliability/assurance group, image processing and analysis facilities, project management support group and a well-stocked library. SAC has active collaborations with industry, academia, national and international institutes for research and development. The centre also has state-of-art in-house and mobile exhibitions to propagate space technology and applications amongst students and public.<br> <br> The Centre also conducts nine-month post graduate diploma courses for students from the Asia Pacific region under the aegis of the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education (CSSTEAP) in satellite meteorology and communication.<br> <br> 787 <div class="row"> 788 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O1.jpg" alt="01" class="img-responsive" > 789 </div> 790 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O2.jpg" alt="02" class="img-responsive" > 791 </div> 792 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O3.jpg" alt="03" class="img-responsive" > 793 </div> 794 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O4.jpg" alt="04" class="img-responsive" > 795 </div> 796 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O5.jpg" alt="05" class="img-responsive" > 797 </div> 798 <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-xs-6" style="padding: 0px;"><img src="./images/O6.jpg" alt="06" class="img-responsive" > 799 </div> 800 </div> <br> <span class="lead">Genesis and History</span> 801 802 <br>The genesis of the centre dates back to 1966, with establishment of the Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES), by late Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in Ahmedabad. It was an experimental Earth Station and training centre where scientists and engineers of India and other developing countries could receive training and firsthand experience in the design, development and operations of an earth station for communications and broadcasting.<br> 803 <br>Later in 1972, the different units of ISRO in Ahmedabad pursuing research in applications of space technology were merged to form SAC. During 1975-76 a unique experiment called the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was conducted by SAC/ISRO utilizing the American ATS-6 satellite. This involved telecasting educational programmes aimed at socio-economic development of rural India, which covered 2400 villages - spread over six states - through experimental Direct Reception Sets. SITE was followed by communication techniques developmental project called Satellite Telecommunications Experiments Projects (STEP), carried out with the Frenco-German satellite, Symphony.<br> 804 <br>The payload for first experimental communication satellite of India, âAPPLEâ was designed, fabricated and qualified at SAC. It was launched onboard the first experimental flight of the Arian. An exhaustive communication applications programme called the APP
804LE Utilization Programme (AUP) was also conceived and carried out.<br> 805 <br>The INSAT-1 series of satellite was custom designed and made as per the unique requirements of the country by a US company. The INSAT 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E, launched in the years 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999 respectively, were designed, fabricated and qualified / indigenously at SAC.<br> 806 <br>The second phase in 1980s witnessed the results of earlier efforts of experimental satellites. The IRS 1A programme was successfully launched and the users started receiving multispectral imagery with 36m resolution. Major applications in agriculture, hydrology, geology and other areas were defined in close interaction with user agencies and the IRS utilization programme was carried out successfully. These efforts led to semi-operational applications of IRS 1A data.<br> 807 <br>The first phase saw the development of airborne thermal sensors, multispectral scanner, linear Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, Side Looking Radar, Colour Infrared (CIR) based photographic systems and a number of photo interpretation and ground truth equipment. Based on above initial work, a strong applications programme was evolved around these instruments. Foundations for space borne sensors were laid during this period. Under the programme 'Satellite for Earth Observation (SEO)', two satellites were launched and called Bhaskara satellites after their Launch onboard Russian launch Vehicle. Bhaskara carried a 1 km resolution 2 Band TV camera systems and a three channel microwave radiometer. These were designed, developed and successfully qualified in house. Bhaskara I and II were the first Indian Meteorological satellites which carried microwave radiometer called SAMIR to provide information on sea state and atmospheric water vapour content for use in meteorological studies.<br> 808 <br>Strong foundation was also laid for airborne SAR system development, its data processing and applications at SAC. The advanced activities carried out at at the centre during the third phase in 1990s put India at par with many other advanced nations through the design of high resolution sensors in the optical and microwave regions including a successfully flown airborne SAR system and a very sophisticated application programme tuned to our country's needs. The 5.8 m resolution Pan Camera of IRC 1C & 1D revolutionized the applications concept in the country. Being the best resolution civilian sensor in the world at that time, it attracted the attention of foreign users.<br> 809 <br>SAC has state of the art General Circulation Models for experimentation with satellite data. Prediction of weather in the extended range and prediction of Ocean state in the short range are the fields of active research.<br> 810 811 <br> <img src="./images/L1.png" alt="l2" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#L1"> <!-- Modal --> 812 <div class="modal fade" id="L1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 813 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 814 <div class="modal-content"><img src="./images/L1.png" alt="l1" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal" > 815 </div> 816 </div> 817 </div> <!--END Modal --> 818 </div> 819 </div> 820 </div> 821 </div> <!--Submenu about us start here--> 822<div class="col-lg-3" style="padding: 0px;"> 823 824 <div class="panel-body" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 825 826 <div class="panel panel-primary"> 827 <div class="panel-heading"> 828 About Us 829 </div> 830 <div class="panel-content"> <br> 831 832 <ul> 833 <li> 834 <a href="/overview?lang=en">Overview, Genesis and History</a> 835 </li> 836 <li> 837 <a href="/founder?lang=en">Our Founder</a> 838 </li> 839 <li> 840 <a href="/chairman?lang=en">Our Chairman</a> 841 </li> 842 <li> 843 <a href="/director?lang=en">Our Director</a> 844 </li> 845 <li> 846 <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/formerchairman.html" onclick="return confirm('You are being redirected to External Website.')" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Former Chairmen</a> 847 </li> 848 <li> 849 <a href="/fdirector?lang=en">Former Directors</a> 850 </li> 851 <li> 852 <a href="/DECU_former_directors?lang=en">Former DECU Directors</a> 853 </li> 854 <li> 855 <a href="/organisation?lang=en">Organisation</a> 856 </li> 857 <!--<li><a href="./ouremployees.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >Our Employees</a></li>--> 858 <li> 859 <a href="/Awards?lang=en">Awards and Recognitions</a> 860 </li> 861 </ul> 862 863 864 <img src="./images/OS1.jpg" alt="os1" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS1"> 865 <br> 866 <!-- Modal --> 867 <div class="modal fade" id="OS1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 868 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 869 <div class="modal-content"> 870 <img src="./images/OS1.jpg" alt="os1" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 871 </div> 872 </div> 873 </div> 874 <!--END Modal --> 875 876 877 <img src="./images/OS2.jpg" alt="os2" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS2"> 878 <br> 879 <!-- Modal --> 880 <div class="modal fade" id="OS2" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 881 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 882 <div class="modal-content"> 883 <img src="./images/OS2.jpg" alt="os2" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 884 </div> 885 </div> 886 </div> 887 <!--END Modal --> 888 889 890 <img src="./images/OS4.jpg" alt="os4" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS4"> 891 <br> 892 <!-- Modal --> 893 <div class="modal fade" id="OS4" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 894 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 895 <div class="modal-content"> 896 <img src="./images/OS4.jpg" alt="os4" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 897 </div> 898 </div> 899 </div> 900 <!--END Modal --> 901 902 903 <img src="./images/OS3.jpg" alt="os3" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS3"> 904 <br> 905 <!-- Modal --> 906 <div class="modal fade" id="OS3" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 907 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 908 <div class="modal-content"> 909 <img src="./images/OS3.jpg" alt="os3" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 910 </div> 911 </div> 912 </div> 913 <!--END Modal --> 914 915 916 <img src="./images/OS5.png" alt="os5" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS5"> 917 <br> 918 <!-- Modal --> 919 <div class="modal fade" id="OS5" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 920 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 921 <div class="modal-content"> 922 <img src="./images/OS5.png" alt="os5" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 923 </div> 924 </div> 925 </div> 926 <!--END Modal --> 927 928 <img src="./images/Bopal.png" alt="Bopal" class="img-thumbnail" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#OS6"> 929 <br> 930 <!-- Modal --> 931 <div class="modal fade" id="OS6" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> 932 <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 90%"> 933 <div class="modal-content"> 934 <img src="./images/Bopal.png" alt="Bopal" class="img-thumbnail" data-dismiss="modal"> 935 </div> 936 </div> 937 </div> 938 <!--END Modal --> 939 </div> 940 </div> 941 </div> 942 </div> 943 <!--Submenu about us ends here--> 944 </div> </div> 945 </div> 946 947 948 949 <!-- Footer Starts Here--> 950 <div class="footer" style="background-color: #393939; color: #ededed;"> 951 <div class="footer-widget mail-subscribe-widget social-widget"><br> 952 <div class="container"> 953 <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3"> 954 <ul style="padding: 0px"> 955 <li>About us 956 <ul> 957 <li><a href="/overview?lang=en">Overview, Genesis and History</a></li> 958 <li><a href="/founder?lang=en">Our Founder</a></li> 959 <li><a href="/chairman?lang=en">Our Chairman</a></li> 960 <li><a href="/director?lang=en">Our Director</a></li> 961 <li><a href="/organisation?lang=en">Organisation</a></li> 962 <li><a href="/RTI?lang=en">RTI</a></li> 963 <li><a href="/Green?lang=en">Green Initiatives</a></li> <!-- <li><a href="Awards">Awards and Recognitions</a></li> --> 964 </ul></li> 965 <li>Projects and Activities 966 <ul> 967 <li><a href="/CommNavPayloads?lang=en">Communication and Navigation Payloads</a></li> 968 <li><a href="/eop?lang=en">Earth Observation Payloads</a></li> 969 <li><a href="/CommNavApplications?lang=en">Communication and Navigation Applications</a></li> 970 <li><a href="/eoa?lang=en">Earth Observation Applications</a></li> 971 <li><a href="/ExploratorySciences?lang=en">Exploratory Sciences</a></li> 972 <li><a href="/technical?lang=en">Technical Facilities</a></li> 973 </ul></li> 974 </ul> 975 </div> <!-- footer container ends here --> <!-- second column --> 976 <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-3"> 977 <ul style="padding: 0px"> 978 <li>Work with SAC 979 <ul> 980 <li><a href="/respond/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sponsored Research</a></li> 981 982 <li><a href="/srtd?lang=en">
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