PageSourceSearch

https://africanlii.org/en/judgments/

html africanlii.org collected 2026-09-24 18:25:08 UTC 51,245 bytes, 1,753 lines download raw bytes

1
2<!DOCTYPE html>
3
4<html lang="en">
5  <head>
6    <title>
7      
8        
9  Judgments
10
11        – AfricanLII
12      
13    </title>
14    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
15    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
16    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
17    
18      
19      
20        <link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="/static/images/favicon.5c6f6d0d6392.ico" />
21        <link rel="icon"
22              type="image/png"
23              href="/static/images/favicon-16x16.452f3f42a569.png"/>
24        <link rel="icon"
25              type="image/png"
26              href="/static/images/favicon-32x32.c4ac795ef3b1.png"/>
27        <link rel="icon"
28              type="image/png"
29              href="/static/images/favicon-96x96.7df3ecac129c.png"/>
30        <link rel="icon"
31              type="image/png"
32              href="/static/images/favicon-180x180.1be011e9161a.png"/>
33      
34    
35    
36  <link rel="stylesheet"
37        href="/static/stylesheets/africanlii.43bac38d92ba.css"
38        type="text/css"/>
39
40    
41  
41<script id="peachjam-config" type="application/json">{"appName": "AfricanLII", "pdfWorker": "/static/js/pdf.worker-prod.25a1f2d4443b.js", "userHelpLink": "https://liiguide.docs.laws.africa/", "language": "en", "languages": ["en", "fr", "pt", "sw"], "urlLangPrefix": "/en", "documentEmbeddings": true, "savedDocumentsEnabled": true, "chat": {"enabled": true, "assistantName": "AI", "public": false}, "sentry": {"dsn": "https://[email protected]/4504672373702656", "environment": "production"}, "helpscoutBeaconId": null}</script>
41
42  
43  
44    
45    
46      
46<script>
47        var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || [];
48        _paq.push(["disableCookies"]);
49        _paq.push(['setCustomDimension', 1, 'en']);
50        _paq.push(['FormAnalytics::disableFormAnalytics']);
51        _paq.push(["trackPageView"]);
52        _paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);
53        (function() {
54          var u="https://lawsafrica.matomo.cloud/";
55          _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']);
56          _paq.push(['setSiteId', '5']);
57          var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
58          g.async=true; g.src='//cdn.matomo.cloud/lawsafrica.matomo.cloud/matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);
59        })();
60      </script>
60
61    
62  
63  
64  
65  <!-- must be last script to load -->
66  
66<script defer src="/static/js/app-prod.b12b5f90cbd9.js"></script>
66
67
68  </head>
69  <body class=""
70        
71        data-key-link-page="judgment_list"
72        >
73    <div id="system-messages"></div>
74    
75  
76<header>
77  
78    <div class="skip-links">
79      <a class="bg-white" href="#top">Skip to document content</a>
80      <a class="bg-white" href="#main-nav">Skip to main menu</a>
81      <a class="bg-white" href="#header-search">Skip to search</a>
82    </div>
83  
84  
85  <div class="top-bar bg-dark p-2">
86    <div class="container d-flex justify-content-between">
87      <a href="https://dataforgovernance.africa"
88         target="_blank"
89         rel="noreferrer">
90        <img class="top-bar-logo d4ga-logo"
91             src="/static/images/cso-agp-logo-horizontal.d546a9b808b7.png"
92             alt="Data for Governance Alliance"/>
93        
94<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
95
96      </a>
97      <a href="https://www.openlawafrica.org/"
98         target="_blank"
99         rel="noreferrer">
100        <img class="top-bar-logo ola-logo"
101             src="/static/images/open-law-africa-inverted.1bde0aa389e8.png"
102             alt="Open Law Africa"/>
103        
104<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
105
106      </a>
107    </div>
108  </div>
109
110  <nav id="secondary-nav" class="navbar navbar-expand-lg pb-0">
111    <div class="container">
112      <a class="navbar-brand" href="/en/">
113        
114  <img src="/static/images/africanlii-logo.241add47bbe2.svg"
115       alt="africanlii"
116       width="120"/>
117
118      </a>
119      <span id="user-menu"></span>
120      <button class="navbar-toggler"
121              type="button"
122              data-bs-toggle="collapse"
123              data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse"
124              aria-controls="secondary-nav-content main-nav-content"
125              aria-expanded="false"
126              aria-label="Toggle navigation">
127        <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
128      </button>
129      <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="secondary-nav-content">
130        <form method="get"
131              action="/en/search/"
132              class="my-2 my-lg-0 ms-auto"
133              data-key-link-feature="navbar_search"
134              data-key-link="search">
135          <input type="hidden" name="suggestion"/>
136          
137            <div class="input-group">
138              <input type="text"
139                     id="header-search"
140                     class="form-control"
141                     placeholder="Search AfricanLII"
142                     aria-label="Search AfricanLII"
143                     aria-describedby="search-addon"
144                     data-component="SearchTypeahead"
145                     name="q"/>
146              <button class="btn btn-secondary" type="submit" id="search-addon">
147                <i class="bi bi-search text-white"></i>
148              </button>
149            </div>
150          
151        </form>
152        
153
154
155
156
157  <form action="/i18n/set_preferred_language/"
158        method="post"
159        data-csrf=""
160        class="mt-2 mt-lg-0 ms-lg-2">
161    <input name="next" type="hidden" value=""/>
162    <div class="dropdown">
163      <button class="btn btn-outline-secondary dropdown-toggle"
164              type="button"
165              data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
166              aria-expanded="false">
167        
168          <i class="bi bi-globe"></i> English
169        
170          
171        
172          
173        
174          
175        
176      </button>
177      <ul class="dropdown-menu">
178        
179          <li>
180            <button class="btn btn-link dropdown-item"
181                    name="language"
182                    type="submit"
183                    value="en">
184              English
185            </button>
186          </li>
187        
188          <li>
189            <button class="btn btn-link dropdown-item"
190                    name="language"
191                    type="submit"
192                    value="fr">
193              français
194            </button>
195          </li>
196        
197          <li>
198            <button class="btn btn-link dropdown-item"
199                    name="language"
200                    type="submit"
201                    value="pt">
202              Português
203            </button>
204          </li>
205        
206          <li>
207            <button class="btn btn-link dropdown-item"
208                    name="language"
209                    type="submit"
210                    value="sw">
211              Kiswahili
212            </button>
213          </li>
214        
215      </ul>
216    </div>
217  </form>
218
219
220      </div>
221    </div>
222  </nav>
223  <nav id="main-nav"
224       class="navbar navbar-expand-lg shadow-sm pt-0"
225       data-key-link-feature="navbar">
226    <div class="container">
227      <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="main-nav-content">
228        <ul class="navbar-nav w-100 mb-2 mb-lg-0">
229          
230  <li class="nav-item">
231    <a data-key-link="home_page"
232       class="nav-link "
233       href="/en/">
234    Home</a>
235  </li>
236  <li class="nav-item dropdown main-nav">
237    <a data-key-link="african_legal_information_dropdown"
238       class="nav-link   active  dropdown-toggle"
239       href="#"
240       role="button"
241       data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
242       aria-expanded="false">
243      African Legal Information
244    </a>
245    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
246      <li class="dropdown-item">
247        <a data-key-link="agp_legal_instrument_list"
248           class=" nav-link px-0  "
249           href="/en/legal-instruments/">
250          Legal Instruments
251          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Charters, treaties, conventions and regulations.</div>
252        </a>
253      </li>
254      <li class="dropdown-item">
255        <a data-key-link="judgment_list"
256           class="nav-link px-0 active"
257           href="/en/judgments/">Judgments
258          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Judgments from regional African courts.</div>
259        </a>
260      </li>
261      <li class="dropdown-item">
262        <a data-key-link="agp_soft_law_list"
263           class="nav-link px-0 "
264           href="/en/soft-law/">Soft Law
265          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Policies, decisions, recommendations and communiques.</div>
266        </a>
267      </li>
268      <li class="dropdown-item">
269        <a data-key-link="gazettes"
270           class=" nav-link px-0  "
271           href="/en/gazettes/">Gazettes
272          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Regional economic community official Gazettes.</div>
273        </a>
274      </li>
275    </ul>
276  </li>
277  <li class="nav-item dropdown main-nav">
278    <a data-key-link="african_union_au_dropdown"
279       class="nav-link   dropdown-toggle"
280       href="#"
281       role="button"
282       data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
283       aria-expanded="false">
284      African Union (AU)
285    </a>
286    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
287      <li class="dropdown-item">
288        <a data-key-link="au_detail_page"
289           class=" nav-link px-0  "
290           href="/en/au/#au-organs">
291          African Union Organs
292          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">African Union (AU) Organs</div>
293        </a>
294      </li>
295      <li class="dropdown-item">
296        <a data-key-link="au_detail_page"
297           class="nav-link px-0 "
298           href="/en/au/#rec">Regional Economic Communities (RECs)
299          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Regional Economic Communities (RECs)</div>
300        </a>
301      </li>
302      <li class="dropdown-item">
303        <a data-key-link="au_detail_page"
304           class=" nav-link px-0  "
305           href="/en/au/#au-institutions">
306          African Union Institutions
307          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">African Union (AU) Institutions</div>
308        </a>
309      </li>
310      <li class="dropdown-item">
311        <a data-key-link="au_detail_page"
312           class="nav-link px-0 "
313           href="/en/au/#member-states">Member states
314          <div class="dropdown-summary text-muted">Member states</div>
315        </a>
316      </li>
317    </ul>
318  </li>
319  <li class="nav-item">
320    <a data-key-link="top_level_taxonomy_list"
321       class="nav-link "
322       href="/en/taxonomy/">
323    Collections</a>
324  </li>
325  <li class="nav-item">
326    <a data-key-link="agp_reports_guides_list"
327       class="nav-link "
328       href="/en/doc/">
329      Reports & Guides
330    </a>
331  </li>
332  <li class="nav-item">
333    <a data-key-link="mooc_landing_page"
334       class="nav-link "
335       href="/en/mooc/">
336      Courses
337    </a>
338  </li>
339  <li class="nav-item">
340    <a data-key-link="article_list"
341       class="nav-link "
342       href="/en/articles/">
343      Articles
344    </a>
345  </li>
346  <li class="nav-item">
347    <a data-key-link="about"
348       class="nav-link "
349       href="/en/about/">
350      About
351    </a>
352  </li>
353  <li class="nav-item">
354    <a data-key-link="help"
355       class="nav-link"
356       href="https://docs.africanlii.org/"
357       target="_blank">Help
358      
359<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
360
361    </a>
362  </li>
363
364        </ul>
365      </div>
366    </div>
367  </nav>
368</header>
369
370
371    
372  
373  <main id="top"
374        tabindex="-1"
375        
376        aria-labelledby="main-page-heading"
377        >
378    <div id="messages" aria-hidden="true"></div>
379    
380  <div class="position-relative overflow-hidden bg-white border-bottom">
381    <img src="/static/images/banner.5d69a433d2b1.jpg"
382         class="position-absolute top-0 start-0 w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover opacity-25"
383         alt=""/>
384    <div class="container position-relative">
385      
386        <div class="pt-4">
387          <div class="row align-items-center gx-4 pb-4">
388            <div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
389              <h1 id="main-page-heading">Judgments</h1>
390              <p class="lead mb-0">
391                Explore 7,847 court judgments.
392              </p>
393              
394                <div class="mt-3">
395
396  <div class="mb-3">
397    <a href="https://liiguide.docs.laws.africa/judgments/courts"
398       data-key-link="help"
399       target="_blank"
400       rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="bi bi-question-circle me-1"></i>Help
401      
402<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
403
404    </a>
405  </div>
406
407</div>
408              
409            </div>
410            <div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
411              <form action="/en/search/" method="get" role="search">
412                <label class="form-label" for="judgment-search">Search judgments</label>
413                <div class="input-group">
414                  <input id="judgment-search"
415                         type="search"
416                         class="form-control"
417                         name="q"
418                         placeholder="Case, citation, judge or keyword"/>
419                  <input type="hidden" name="nature" value="Judgment" />
420                  <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Search</button>
421                </div>
422              </form>
423              <a class="d-inline-block mt-1"
424                 href="/en/search/?show-advanced-tab=1&amp;nature=Judgment">Advanced search</a>
425            </div>
426          </div>
427          <div class="row g-4 mb-4" data-key-link-feature="discovery_cards">
428            <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-xl-4">
429              <div class="card card-clickable h-100 position-relative">
430                <div class="card-body">
431                  <h2 class="h5 mb-2">
432                    <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none"
433                       href="/en/judgments/all/"
434                       data-key-link="judgments">All judgments</a>
435                  </h2>
436                  <p class="card-text opacity-75 mb-0">Browse the full collection.</p>
437                </div>
438              </div>
439            </div>
440            <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-xl-4">
441              <div class="card card-clickable h-100 position-relative">
442                <div class="card-body">
443                  <h2 class="h5 mb-2">
444                    <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none"
445                       href="#court-hierarchy-heading"
446                       data-key-link="courts">Courts</a>
447                  </h2>
448                  <p class="card-text opacity-75 mb-0">Browse judgments by court or tribunal.</p>
449                </div>
450              </div>
451            </div>
452            
453            <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-xl-4">
454              <div class="card card-clickable h-100 position-relative">
455                <div class="card-body">
456                  <h2 class="h5 mb-2">
457                    <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none"
458                       href="/en/judgments/all/#facets"
459                       data-key-link="judges">Judges</a>
460                  </h2>
461                  <p class="card-text opacity-75 mb-0">Browse judges and their decisions.</p>
462                </div>
463              </div>
464            </div>
465            
466            <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-xl-4">
467              <div class="card card-clickable h-100 position-relative">
468                <div class="card-body">
469                  <h2 class="h5 mb-2">
470                    <a class="stretched-link text-decoration-none"
471                       href="/en/taxonomy/"
472                       data-key-link="collections">Indexes and collections</a>
473                  </h2>
474                  <p class="card-text opacity-75 mb-0">Explore specialist collections and indexes.</p>
475                </div>
476              </div>
477            </div>
478          </div>
479        </div>
480      
481    </div>
482  </div>
483  
484    <div class="bg-light py-5 mb-5">
485      <div class="container">
486        <div class="text-center mb-4">
487          <h2>Find the law from what you know</h2>
488          <p class="lead mb-0">
489            
490              Explore by court.
491            
492          </p>
493        </div>
494        <div class="row g-4">
495          
496          <section class="col-12"
497                   aria-labelledby="court-hierarchy-heading"
498                   data-key-link-feature="courts">
499            <div class="card h-100">
500              <div class="card-body d-flex flex-column">
501                <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-grow-1">
502                  <h3 id="court-hierarchy-heading" class="mb-4">
503                    Courts
504                  </h3>
505                  <p class="lead text-muted">
506                    Browse judgments by court or level of court.
507                  </p>
508                  <ul class="list-unstyled mb-4">
509                    
510                      <li class="mb-2">
511                        <div class="provision-toggle d-flex align-items-start">
512                          <button class="btn btn-sm bg-none collapsed"
513                                  type="button"
514                                  data-bs-toggle="collapse"
515                                  data-bs-target="#courts-for-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-communications"
516                                  aria-label="Show courts for African Commission on Human and Peoples&#x27; Rights Communications"
517                                  aria-expanded="false"
518                                  aria-controls="courts-for-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-communications">
519                            <i class="bi" aria-hidden="true"></i>
520                          </button>
521                          <a href="/en/judgments/court-class/african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-communications/" data-key-link="court">African Commission on Human and Peoples&#x27; Rights Communications</a>
522                        </div>
523                        <div id="courts-for-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-communications" class="collapse">
524                          <ul class="list-unstyled ms-5 mb-0">
525                            
526                              <li>
527                                <a href="/en/judgments/ACHPR/" data-key-link="court">African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights</a>
528                              </li>
529                            
530                          </ul>
531                        </div>
532                      </li>
533                    
534                      <li class="mb-2">
535                        <div class="provision-toggle d-flex align-items-start">
536                          <button class="btn btn-sm bg-none collapsed"
537                                  type="button"
538                                  data-bs-toggle="collapse"
539                                  data-bs-target="#courts-for-organization-for-the-harmonization-of-business-law-in-africa-ohada"
540                                  aria-label="Show courts for Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)"
541                                  aria-expanded="false"
542                                  aria-controls="courts-for-organization-for-the-harmonization-of-business-law-in-africa-ohada">
543                            <i class="bi" aria-hidden="true"></i>
544                          </button>
545                          <a href="/en/judgments/court-class/organization-for-the-harmonization-of-business-law-in-africa-ohada/" data-key-link="court">Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)</a>
546                        </div>
547                        <div id="courts-for-organization-for-the-harmonization-of-business-law-in-africa-ohada" class="collapse">
548                          <ul class="list-unstyled ms-5 mb-0">
549                            
550                              <li>
551                                <a href="/en/judgments/CCJA/" data-key-link="court">Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA)</a>
552                              </li>
553                            
554                          </ul>
555                        </div>
556                      </li>
557                    
558                      <li class="mb-2">
559                        <div class="provision-toggle d-flex align-items-start">
560                          <button class="btn btn-sm bg-none collapsed"
561                                  type="button"
562                                  data-bs-toggle="collapse"
563                                  data-bs-target="#courts-for-regional-courts-of-justice"
564                                  aria-label="Show courts for Regional Courts of Justice"
565                                  aria-expanded="false"
566                                  aria-controls="courts-for-regional-courts-of-justice">
567                            <i class="bi" aria-hidden="true"></i>
568                          </button>
569                          <a href="/en/judgments/court-class/regional-courts-of-justice/" data-key-link="court">Regional Courts of Justice</a>
570                        </div>
571                        <div id="courts-for-regional-courts-of-justice" class="collapse">
572                          <ul class="list-unstyled ms-5 mb-0">
573                            
574                              <li>
575                                <a href="/en/judgments/AfCHPR/" data-key-link="court">African Court on Human and Peoples Rights</a>
576                              </li>
577                            
578                              <li>
579                                <a href="/en/judgments/AfUAT/" data-key-link="court">African Union Administrative Tribunal</a>
580                              </li>
581                            
582                              <li>
583                                <a href="/en/judgments/COMESACJ/" data-key-link="court">COMESA Court of Justice</a>
584                              </li>
585                            
586                              <li>
587                                <a href="/en/judgments/EACA/" data-key-link="court">East African Court of Appeal</a>
588                              </li>
589                            
590                              <li>
591                                <a href="/en/judgments/EACJ/" data-key-link="court">East African Court of Justice</a>
592                              </li>
593                            
594                              <li>
595                                <a href="/en/judgments/ECOWASCJ/" data-key-link="court">ECOWAS Community Court of Justice</a>
596                              </li>
597                            
598                          </ul>
599                        </div>
600                      </li>
601                    
602                    
603                      <li class="mb-2">
604                        <div class="provision-toggle d-flex align-items-start">
605                          <button class="btn btn-sm bg-none collapsed"
606                                  type="button"
607                                  data-bs-toggle="collapse"
608                                  data-bs-target="#other-courts"
609                                  aria-label="Show other courts"
610                                  aria-expanded="false"
611                                  aria-controls="other-courts">
612                            <i class="bi" aria-hidden="true"></i>
613            
613              </button>
614                          <span>Other courts</span>
615                        </div>
616                        <div id="other-courts" class="collapse">
617                          <ul class="list-unstyled ms-5 mb-0">
618                            
619                              <li>
620                                <a href="/en/judgments/ACERWC/" data-key-link="court">African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child</a>
621                              </li>
622                            
623                          </ul>
624                        </div>
625                      </li>
626                    
627                  </ul>
628                  <a class="btn btn-primary mt-auto align-self-start"
629                     href="/en/judgments/courts/"
630                     data-key-link="courts">View all courts</a>
631                </div>
632              </div>
633            </div>
634          </section>
635        </div>
636      </div>
637    </div>
638    <div class="container pb-5" data-key-link-feature="recent_judgments">
639      <div class="mb-3">
640        <h2>
641          Recent judgments
642        </h2>
643        
644          <p class="text-muted mb-0">
645            Latest judgment: 6 July 2026
646          </p>
647        
648      </div>
649      
650
651  
652
653
654  <section class="table-responsive"
655           id="doc-table"
656           data-component="DocumentTable"
657           aria-label="Results"
658           tabindex="-1">
659    <p class="visually-hidden" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
660      Results.
661      
662        
663          7,847  found.
664        
665      
666    </p>
667    
668    <table class="doc-table   doc-table--date  ">
669      
670      
671        
672<tr class=""
673    data-document-id="50108">
674  
675  
676    <td class="cell-title">
677      <div class="d-flex">
678        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/9/eng@2026-07-06"
679           
680           data-key-link="document">Makhlouf v Republic of Tunisia (003/2026) [2026] AfCHPR 9 (6 July 2026)</a>
681        
682          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
683                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
684                title="Multiple languages available">
685            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
686          </span>
687        
688        <span class="saved-document-star--50108"></span>
689      </div>
690      
691
692      
693      
694        
695<div class="my-2">Court found prima facie jurisdiction but dismissed provisional measures for failure to show irreparable harm and to avoid prejudging merits.</div>
696
697  
698  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
699  
700    <li>
701      
702        
703        Human Rights — Provisional Measures — Extreme Gravity, Urgency and Irreparable Harm Required — Provisional Measures Must Not Prejudice Merits — Protocol art. 27(2); Rules art. 59(1)
704        
705      
706    </li>
707  
708</ul>
709
710
711
712      
713      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50108"></div>
714    </td>
715  
716  
717  
718  
719  
720  
721  
722  
723  
724  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
725</tr>
726
727        
728      
729        
730<tr class=""
731    data-document-id="50109">
732  
733  
734    <td class="cell-title">
735      <div class="d-flex">
736        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/9/fra@2026-07-06"
737           
738           data-key-link="document">Makhlouf C. République Tunisienne (003/2026) [2026] AfCHPR 9 (6 juillet 2026)</a>
739        
740          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
741                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
742                title="Multiple languages available">
743            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
744          </span>
745        
746        <span class="saved-document-star--50109"></span>
747      </div>
748      
749
750      
751      
752        
753<div class="my-2">Court refused the applicant’s provisional measures, finding no proven irreparable harm and that relief raised merits issues.</div>
754
755  
756  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
757  
758    <li>
759      
760        
761        Human Rights
762        
763          <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes">
764  
765    <li>
766      
767        —
768        Provisional Measures — Urgency and Irreparable Harm — Preventive Relief Not Warranted Absent Real Risk and Evidence
769        
770      
771    </li>
772  
773    <li>
774      
775        —
776        Extradition/Detention — Provisional Measures Cannot Decide Merits — Requests Inseparable From Substantive Issues
777        
778      
779    </li>
780  
781</ul>
782
783        
784      
785    </li>
786  
787    <li>
788      
789        
790        Jurisdiction — Prima Facie Competence — Effect of Withdrawal of Article 34(6) Declaration — Applications Filed Before Entry Into Force Not Affected
791        
792      
793    </li>
794  
795</ul>
796
797
798
799      
800      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50109"></div>
801    </td>
802  
803  
804  
805  
806  
807  
808  
809  
810  
811  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
812</tr>
813
814        
815      
816        
817<tr class=""
818    data-document-id="50110">
819  
820  
821    <td class="cell-title">
822      <div class="d-flex">
823        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/9/ara@2026-07-06"
824           
825           data-key-link="document">سيف الدين مخلو فضدالجمهورية التونسي ة (2026/003) [2026] AfCHPR 9 (6 يوليو 2026)</a>
826        
827          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
828                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
829                title="Multiple languages available">
830            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
831          </span>
832        
833        <span class="saved-document-star--50110"></span>
834      </div>
835      
836
837      
838      
839        
840<div class="my-2">Court has prima facie jurisdiction but refused provisional measures for lack of urgency and irreparable harm.</div>
841
842  
843  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
844  
845    <li>
846      
847        <div class="flynote-chain">
848          <span class="flynote-chain-prefix">
849            
850            
851              Human Rights<span class="flynote-chain-separator">&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span>
852            
853              
854            
855          </span>
856          <span class="flynote-chain-tail">
857            
858              
859            
860              Provisional Measures
861            
862          </span>
863          <div class="flynote-chain-children">
864            <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes">
865  
866    <li>
867      
868        —
869        Request for return to UNHCR custody and permission to travel — Requirements of urgency, necessity and irreparable harm
870        
871      
872    </li>
873  
874    <li>
875      
876        —
877        Inseparability of requested relief from merits — Court cannot grant measures that require resolving core merits issues
878        
879      
880    </li>
881  
882</ul>
883
884          </div>
885        </div>
886      
887    </li>
888  
889    <li>
890      
891        
892        African Court — Jurisdiction — Effect of withdrawal of Article 34(6) declaration — Withdrawal inapplicable to applications filed before entry into force
893        
894      
895    </li>
896  
897</ul>
898
899
900
901      
902      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50110"></div>
903    </td>
904  
905  
906  
907  
908  
909  
910  
911  
912  
913  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
914</tr>
915
916        
917      
918        
919<tr class=""
920    data-document-id="50255">
921  
922  
923    <td class="cell-title">
924      <div class="d-flex">
925        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/13/eng@2026-07-06"
926           
927           data-key-link="document">Belgeith v Republic of Tunisia (Application No. 004/2025) [2026] AfCHPR 13 (6 July 2026)</a>
928        
929          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
930                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
931                title="Multiple languages available">
932            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
933          </span>
934        
935        <span class="saved-document-star--50255"></span>
936      </div>
937      
938
939      
940      
941        
942<div class="my-2">Court found prima facie jurisdiction but dismissed provisional measures as they would prejudge the merits.</div>
943
944  
945  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
946  
947    <li>
948      
949        
950        Human Rights
951        
952          <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes">
953  
954    <li>
955      
956        —
957        Jurisdiction — Prima facie jurisdiction to entertain applications filed before Article 34(6) withdrawal takes effect — African Charter / ICCPR
958        
959      
960    </li>
961  
962    <li>
963      
964        —
965        Provisional Measures — Suspension or delay of withdrawal of Article 34(6) Declaration — Whether such measures would prejudge the merits
966        
967      
968    </li>
969  
970</ul>
971
972        
973      
974    </li>
975  
976</ul>
977
978
979
980      
981      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50255"></div>
982    </td>
983  
984  
985  
986  
987  
988  
989  
990  
991  
992  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
993</tr>
994
995        
996      
997        
998<tr class=""
999    data-document-id="50258">
1000  
1001  
1002    <td class="cell-title">
1003      <div class="d-flex">
1004        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/13/ara@2026-07-06"
1005           
1006           data-key-link="document">بلغايث ضد الجمهورية التونسية (القضية رقم2025/004) [2026] AfCHPR 13 (6 يوليو 2026)</a>
1007        
1008          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
1009                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
1010                title="Multiple languages available">
1011            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
1012          </span>
1013        
1014        <span class="saved-document-star--50258"></span>
1015      </div>
1016      
1017
1018      
1019      
1020        
1021<div class="my-2">Applicant failed to show extreme urgency and irreparable harm; Court had jurisdiction but refused provisional measures.</div>
1022
1023  
1024  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1025  
1026    <li>
1027      
1028        
1029        Human Rights — Provisional Measures — Urgency and irreparable harm required for interim relief — Measures must not prejudge merits
1030        
1031      
1032    </li>
1033  
1034    <li>
1035      
1036        
1037        Jurisdiction — Effect of withdrawal of Article 34(6) declaration — Withdrawal does not affect cases filed before its effective date
1038        
1039      
1040    </li>
1041  
1042</ul>
1043
1044
1045
1046      
1047      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50258"></div>
1048    </td>
1049  
1050  
1051  
1052  
1053  
1054  
1055  
1056  
1057  
1058  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
1059</tr>
1060
1061        
1062      
1063        
1064<tr class=""
1065    data-document-id="50256">
1066  
1067  
1068    <td class="cell-title">
1069      <div class="d-flex">
1070        <a href="/en/akn/aa-au/judgment/afchpr/2026/13/fra@2026-07-06"
1071           
1072           data-key-link="document">Belgeith v Republique Tunisienne (Requete No. 004/2025) [2026] AfCHPR 13 (6 juillet 2026)</a>
1073        
1074          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
1075                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
1076                title="Multiple languages available">
1077            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
1078          </span>
1079        
1080        <span class="saved-document-star--50256"></span>
1081      </div>
1082      
1083
1084      
1085      
1086        
1087<div class="my-2">Court finds prima facie competence but rejects provisional measures that would prejudice the merits by duplicating requested relief.</div>
1088
1089  
1090  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1091  
1092    <li>
1093      
1094        
1095        Human Rights — Provisional Measures — Suspension of withdrawal of Article 34(6) declaration — Whether interim relief prejudges merits
1096        
1097      
1098    </li>
1099  
1100</ul>
1101
1102
1103
1104      
1105      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50256"></div>
1106    </td>
1107  
1108  
1109  
1110  
1111  
1112  
1113  
1114  
1115  
1116  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">6 July 2026</td>
1117</tr>
1118
1119        
1120      
1121        
1122<tr class=""
1123    data-document-id="50259">
1124  
1125  
1126    <td class="cell-title">
1127      <div class="d-flex">
1128        <a href="/en/akn/aa/judgment/ecowascj/2026/17/eng@2026-06-25"
1129           
1130           data-key-link="document">Kabia and Another v Republic of Sierra Leone (ECW/CCJ/APP/09/24; ECW/CCJ/JUD/36/26) [2026] ECOWASCJ 17 (25 June 2026)</a>
1131        
1132        <span class="saved-document-star--50259"></span>
1133      </div>
1134      
1135
1136      
1137      
1138        
1139<div class="my-2">State liability for failing to prohibit and investigate child marriage and related gender‑based violations, with reparations ordered.</div>
1140
1141  
1142  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1143  
1144    <li>
1145      
1146        
1147        Human Rights
1148        
1149          <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes">
1150  
1151    <li>
1152      
1153        —
1154        Child Protection — State Obligation to Prohibit Child Marriage — Duty to adopt and effectively implement legislation setting 18 as minimum age
1155        
1156      
1157    </li>
1158  
1159    <li>
1160      
1161        —
1162        Due Diligence — Obligation to Investigate and Prosecute — State duty triggered by knowledge of a child&#x27;s marital status
1163        
1164      
1165    </li>
1166  
1167    <li>
1168      
1169        —
1170        Gender Equality — Gender‑Based Violence and Discrimination — Failure to prevent child marriage as discriminatory practice
1171        
1172      
1173    </li>
1174  
1175</ul>
1176
1177        
1178      
1179    </li>
1180  
1181</ul>
1182
1183
1184
1185      
1186      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50259"></div>
1187    </td>
1188  
1189  
1190  
1191  
1192  
1193  
1194  
1195  
1196  
1197  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">25 June 2026</td>
1198</tr>
1199
1200        
1201      
1202        
1203<tr class=""
1204    data-document-id="50261">
1205  
1206  
1207    <td class="cell-title">
1208      <div class="d-flex">
1209        <a href="/en/akn/aa/judgment/ecowascj/2026/19/eng@2026-06-25"
1210           
1211           data-key-link="document">Lacerda v State of Cape Verde (ECW/CCJ/APP/38/23/REV;
1211 ECW/CCJ/JUD/38/26) [2026] ECOWASCJ 19 (25 June 2026)</a>
1212        
1213          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
1214                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
1215                title="Multiple languages available">
1216            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
1217          </span>
1218        
1219        <span class="saved-document-star--50261"></span>
1220      </div>
1221      
1222
1223      
1224      
1225        
1226<div class="my-2">Revision denied: alleged procedural defects and local measures did not constitute newly discovered facts for review.</div>
1227
1228  
1229  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1230  
1231    <li>
1232      
1233        
1234        Human Rights — Procedure — Revision of judgment — Requirements for admissibility under Article 25 Protocol A/P.1/07/91 and Rule 92 — New fact, non‑negligence and time limits
1235        
1236      
1237    </li>
1238  
1239</ul>
1240
1241
1242
1243      
1244      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50261"></div>
1245    </td>
1246  
1247  
1248  
1249  
1250  
1251  
1252  
1253  
1254  
1255  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">25 June 2026</td>
1256</tr>
1257
1258        
1259      
1260        
1261<tr class=""
1262    data-document-id="50262">
1263  
1264  
1265    <td class="cell-title">
1266      <div class="d-flex">
1267        <a href="/en/akn/aa/judgment/ecowascj/2026/19/fra@2026-06-25"
1268           
1269           data-key-link="document">Lacerda v I&#x27;Etat Du Cap-Vert (ECW/CCJ/APP/38/23/REV; ECW/CCJ/JUD/38/26) [2026] ECOWASCJ 19 (25 juin 2026)</a>
1270        
1271          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
1272                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
1273                title="Multiple languages available">
1274            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
1275          </span>
1276        
1277        <span class="saved-document-star--50262"></span>
1278      </div>
1279      
1280
1281      
1282      
1283        
1284<div class="my-2">Revision denied: alleged procedural failings and evidence omissions were not newly discovered facts required for revision.</div>
1285
1286  
1287  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1288  
1289    <li>
1290      
1291        
1292        Human Rights — Revision of Judgment — New decisive facts requirement under Article 25 Protocol A/P.1/07/91
1293        
1294      
1295    </li>
1296  
1297    <li>
1298      
1299        
1300        Civil Procedure — Admissibility — Burden to show facts unknown to court and applicant and not due to negligence
1301        
1302      
1303    </li>
1304  
1305    <li>
1306      
1307        
1308        Procedural Law — Right to be heard — Non‑attendance or technical failures do not constitute newly discovered facts if known or caused by applicant&#x27;s omission
1309        
1310      
1311    </li>
1312  
1313</ul>
1314
1315
1316
1317      
1318      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50262"></div>
1319    </td>
1320  
1321  
1322  
1323  
1324  
1325  
1326  
1327  
1328  
1329  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">25 June 2026</td>
1330</tr>
1331
1332        
1333      
1334        
1335<tr class=""
1336    data-document-id="50263">
1337  
1338  
1339    <td class="cell-title">
1340      <div class="d-flex">
1341        <a href="/en/akn/aa/judgment/ecowascj/2026/19/por@2026-06-25"
1342           
1343           data-key-link="document">Lacerda c Estado De Cabo Verde (ECW/CCJ/APP/38/23/REV; ECW/CCJ/JUD/38/26) [2026] ECOWASCJ 19 (25 Junho 2026)</a>
1344        
1345          <span class="d-inline-block ms-2"
1346                data-bs-toggle="tooltip"
1347                title="Multiple languages available">
1348            <i class="bi bi-translate"></i>
1349          </span>
1350        
1351        <span class="saved-document-star--50263"></span>
1352      </div>
1353      
1354
1355      
1356      
1357        
1358<div class="my-2">Revision denied: applicant failed to show a newly discovered fact that could have decisively altered the Tribunal&#x27;s judgment.</div>
1359
1360  
1361  <ul class="list-unstyled flynotes my-2">
1362  
1363    <li>
1364      
1365        
1366        Human Rights — Revision of Judgment — New decisive fact requirement — Article 25 Protocol A/P.1/07/91 — Competence and admissibility
1367        
1368      
1369    </li>
1370  
1371</ul>
1372
1373
1374
1375      
1376      <div class="saved-document-table-detail saved-document-table-detail--50263"></div>
1377    </td>
1378  
1379  
1380  
1381  
1382  
1383  
1384  
1385  
1386  
1387  <td class="cell-date text-nowrap">25 June 2026</td>
1388</tr>
1389
1390        
1391      
1392    </table>
1393    
1394    
1395  </section>
1396
1397
1398  
1399
1400
1401      <a href="/en/judgments/all/"
1402         class="btn btn-primary"
1403         data-key-link="judgments">View all judgments</a>
1404    </div>
1405  
1406
1407    
1408<div id="saved-document-modal"
1409     class="modal fade"
1410     tabindex="-1"
1411     aria-hidden="true"
1412     data-component="SavedDocumentModal">
1413  >
1414  <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
1415    <div class="modal-content" id="saved-document-modal-content">
1416      <div class="modal-body spinner-when-empty"></div>
1417    </div>
1418  </div>
1419</div>
1420
1421  </main>
1422
1423    
1424  
1425
1426<footer class="pt-4 pb-4 footer">
1427  <div class="container">
1428    <a href="/en/pocketlaw-resources" style="display: none"></a>
1429    
1430      
1431    
1432    
1433      
1434
1435  <div class="row align-items-center justify-content-between">
1436    <div class="d-flex justify-content-center mb-4 mb-md-0 d-md-block col-md mb-2">
1437      <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a4d7d1d4d4cbd6d0e4c8c5d3d78ac5c2d6cdc7c5">
1438      Contact us</a>
1439    </div>
1440    <div class="d-flex justify-content-center mb-4 mb-md-0 d-md-block col-md-auto mb-2">
1441      <ul class="list-inline">
1442        
1443          <li class="list-inline-item">
1444            <a href="https://www.facebook.com/africanlii"
1445               target="_blank"
1446               rel="noreferrer">
1447              <span class="visually-hidden">Visit our Facebook Page opens in new tab</span>
1448              <i class="h2 facebook-forecolor bi bi-facebook"></i>
1449            </a>
1450          </li>
1451        
1452        
1453          <li class="list-inline-item">
1454            <a href="https://twitter.com/africanlii"
1455               target="_blank"
1456               rel="noreferrer">
1457              <span class="visually-hidden">Visit our Twitter/X profile opens in new tab</span>
1458              <i class="h2 twitter-x-forecolor bi bi-twitter-x"></i>
1459            </a>
1460          </li>
1461        
1462        
1463        
1464      </ul>
1465    </div>
1466  </div>
1467
1468
1469    
1470    <hr/>
1471    <div class="row">
1472      <div class="col-lg-4">
1473        
1474  <h5>About AfricanLII</h5>
1475  <p>
1476    AfricanLII is an open-access research platform for African law jointly operated by the AfricanLII programme of the University of Cape Town and Laws.Africa. AfricanLII publishes the law and policy of the African Union and federates search across all open access African national law available through the <a class="text-primary" href="https://www.openlawafrica.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Open Law Africa<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span></a> community of LIIs.
1477  </p>
1478  <p>
1479    The publication of the African Union material is co-sponsored by the European Union and is part of the <a class="text-primary" href="https://dataforgovernance.africa/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Data for Governance Alliance project<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span></a>.
1480  </p>
1481  <div>
1482    <a href="/en/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a>
1483  </div>
1484  
1485
1486      </div>
1487      <div class="col-lg-4 mb-3">
1488        
1489  <div class="mb-2">
1490    <strong>With support from</strong>
1491  </div>
1492  <div>
1493    <a href="https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/"
1494       target="_blank"
1495       rel="noreferrer">Sigrid Rausing Trust
1496      
1497<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1498
1499    </a>
1500  </div>
1501  <div>
1502    <a href="https://indigotrust.org.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Indigo Trust
1503      
1504<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1505
1506    </a>
1507  </div>
1508  <div>
1509    <a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">European Union
1510      
1511<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1512
1513    </a>
1514  </div>
1515  <div>
1516    <a href="https://www.openlawafrica.org/"
1517       target="_blank"
1518       rel="noreferrer">Open Law Africa
1519      
1520<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1521
1522    </a>
1523  </div>
1524
1525      </div>
1526      <div class="col-lg-4 mb-3">
1527        
1528  <div class="mb-2">
1529    <strong>Other African Legal Information Institutions</strong>
1530  </div>
1531  <div>
1532    <a href="https://africanlii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">AfricanLII
1533      
1534<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1535
1536    </a>
1537  </div>
1538  <div>
1539    <a href="https://ghalii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">GhaLII
1540      
1541<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1542
1543    </a>
1544  </div>
1545  <div>
1546    <a href="http://kenyalaw.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Kenya Law
1547      
1548<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1549
1550    </a>
1551  </div>
1552  <div>
1553    <a href="https://lawlibrary.org.za/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">LawLibrary ZA
1554      
1555<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1556
1557    </a>
1558  </div>
1559  <div>
1560    <a href="https://lesotholii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">LesothoLII
1561      
1562<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1563
1564    </a>
1565  </div>
1566  <div>
1567    <a href="http://liberlii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">LiberLII
1568      
1569<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1570
1571    </a>
1572  </div>
1573  <div>
1574    <a href="https://malawilii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MalawiLII
1575      
1576<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1577
1578    </a>
1579  </div>
1580  <div>
1581    <a href="https://mauritiuslii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MauritiusLII
1582      
1583<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1584
1585    </a>
1586  </div>
1587  <div>
1588    <a href="https://namiblii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">NamibLII
1589      
1590<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1591
1592    </a>
1593  </div>
1594  <div>
1595    <a href="https://nigerialii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">NigeriaLII
1596      
1597<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1598
1599    </a>
1600  </div>
1601  <div>
1602    <a href="https://openbylaws.org.za/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">OpenbyLaws ZA
1603      
1604<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1605
1606    </a>
1607  </div>
1608  <div>
1609    <a href="https://rwandalii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">RwandaLII
1610      
1611<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1612
1613    </a>
1614  </div>
1615  <div>
1616    <a href="https://seylii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SeyLII
1617      
1618<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1619
1620    </a>
1621  </div>
1622  <div>
1623    <a href="https://sierralii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SieraLII
1624      
1625<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1626
1627    </a>
1628  </div>
1629  <div>
1630    <a href="https://eswatinilii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">eSwatiniLII
1631      
1632<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1633
1634    </a>
1635  </div>
1636  <div>
1637    <a href="https://tanzlii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">TanzLII
1638      
1639<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1640
1641    </a>
1642  </div>
1643  <div>
1644    <a href="https://ulii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">UgandaLII
1645      
1646<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1647
1648    </a>
1649  </div>
1650  <div>
1651    <a href="https://zambialii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ZambiaLII
1652      
1653<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1654
1655    </a>
1656  </div>
1657  <div>
1658    <a href="https://zanzibarlii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ZanzibarLII
1659      
1660<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1661
1662    </a>
1663  </div>
1664  <div>
1665    <a href="https://zimlii.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ZimLII
1666      
1667<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1668
1669    </a>
1670  </div>
1671
1672      </div>
1673    </div>
1674    <hr/>
1675    
1676  <div class="footer-logos">
1677    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1678       href="https://uct.ac.za/"
1679       target="_blank"
1680       rel="noreferrer">
1681      <img src="/static/images/uct-logo.51de62ec96c7.svg"
1682           alt="University of Cape Town"/>
1683      
1684<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1685
1686    </a>
1687    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1688       href="https://laws.africa/"
1689       target="_blank"
1690       rel="noreferrer">
1691      <img src="/static/images/laws-africa-logo-horizontal-white.b4083dd55e1a.png"
1692           alt="Laws.Africa"/>
1693      
1694<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1695
1696    </a>
1697    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1698       href="https://www.indigotrust.org.uk/"
1699       target="_blank"
1700       rel="noreferrer">
1701      <img src="/static/images/indigo-trust-logo.009593b36a3b.jpg" alt="Indigo Trust"/>
1702      
1703<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1704
1705    </a>
1706    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1707       href="https://european-union.europa.eu/select-language?destination=/node/1"
1708       target="_blank"
1709       rel="noreferrer">
1710      <img src="/static/images/eu_logo.85d26834a773.jpg"
1711           alt="European Union"/>
1712      
1713<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1714
1715    </a>
1716    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1717       href="https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/"
1718       target="_blank"
1719       rel="noreferrer">
1720      <img src="/static/images/srt-logo.1e11a89b39e0.jpg" alt="Sigrid Rausing Trust"/>
1721      
1722<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1723
1724    </a>
1725    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1726       href="https://www.giz.de/de"
1727       target="_blank"
1728       rel="noreferrer">
1729      <img src="/static/images/cooperation-logo-ger-ger-giz.c8d391235bc3.jpg"
1730           alt="GIZ"/>
1731      
1732<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1733
1734    </a>
1735    <a class="footer-logos__item"
1736       href="https://www.openlawafrica.org/"
1737       target="_blank"
1738       rel="noreferrer">
1739      <img src="/static/images/open-law-africa-inverted.1bde0aa389e8.png"
1740           alt="Open Law Africa"/>
1741      
1742<span class="visually-hidden">opens in new tab</span>
1743
1744    </a>
1745  </div>
1746
1747  </div>
1748</footer>
vendor: 113 bytes, lines 1748-1751
1748
1749
1750
1751  <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script>
1751<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a403d4768e91a21c',t:'MTc5MDI3NDMwNw=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script>
1751<script type="module" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v31edd6df95cf4e85bb4c19e7a9bdbcba1788362987495" integrity="sha512-iIg7k2xntmwu6/uSb5tpc/hySgZc4eoL31yB29W6tJFo2akwjPWcEqnCEdJvGexCL0KEQwVYv5BlowfhVz26hg==" data-cf-beacon='{"version":"2024.11.0","token":"8ddaec0b90174d529e3b2de03aaee5e6","r":1,"spa":2}' crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
1751
1752</body>
1753</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.