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308                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/article_processing_charges.html">Article processing charges</a>
309                                    </div>
310                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
311                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/financial_support.html">Financial support</a>
312                                    </div>
313                                        <div class="dropdown dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
314                                                <a target="_parent" class="dropdown-toggle dropdown-item  "  href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press.html" >
315                                                News & press<span class="caret"></span> </a>
316                                            <div class="dropdown-menu  level-2 " aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown5357">
317                                                <div >
318                                                    <div >
319                                                    <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-12 col-sm-12">
320                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
321                                                                <a   target="_parent" 
321class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2020-09-07_heat-stored-in-the-earth-system.html">Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?</a>
322                                                        </div>
323                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
324                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2021-02-08_country-level-and-gridded-estimates-of-wastewater-production-collection-treatment-and-reuse.html">Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse</a>
325                                                        </div>
326                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
327                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2021-05-28_two-new-essd-articles-evaluate-in-detail-the-greenhouse-gas-emissions-across-the-european-domain.html">Two new ESSD articles evaluate in detail the greenhouse gas emissions across the European domain</a>
328                                                        </div>
329                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
330                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2021-07-21_essd-seeks-a-chief-science-editor.html">ESSD seeks a Chief Science Editor</a>
331                                                        </div>
332                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
333                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2021-08-25_eurec4a.html">EUREC<sup>4</sup>A </a>
334                                                        </div>
335                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
336                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2021-12-06_essd-in-the-media-during-cop26.html">ESSD in the media during COP 26</a>
337                                                        </div>
338                                                            <div class="dropdown-item level-3  " style="list-style: none">
339                                                                <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/news_and_press/2022-02-07_global-sea-level-budget-and-ocean-mass-budget-with-a-focus-on-advanced-data-products-and-uncertainty-characterisation.html">Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation</a>
340                                                        </div>
341                                                    </div>
342                                                    </div>
343                                                </div>
344                                            </div>
345                                    </div>
346                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
347                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/promote_your_work.html">Promote your work</a>
348                                    </div>
349                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
350                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/journal_statistics.html">Journal statistics</a>
351                                    </div>
352                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
353                                            <a   target="_parent" 
353class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/journal_metrics.html">Journal metrics</a>
354                                    </div>
355                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
356                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/abstracted_and_indexed.html">Abstracted & indexed</a>
357                                    </div>
358                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
359                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/article_level_metrics.html">Article level metrics</a>
360                                    </div>
361                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
362                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/faqs.html">FAQs</a>
363                                    </div>
364                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
365                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/contact.html">Contact</a>
366                                    </div>
367                                        <div class="dropdown-item level-2  " style="list-style: none">
368                                            <a   target="_parent" class="" href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/xml_harvesting_and_oai-pmh.html">XML harvesting & OAI-PMH</a>
369                                    </div>
370                                </div>
371                                </div>
372                            </div>
373                        </div>
374                </li>
375                    <li class="nav-item  ">
376                        <a target="_blank" class="nav-link  " data-non-mobile-optimized="1" href="https://editor.copernicus.org/essd/"><i class='fal fa-sign-in-alt fa-lg' title='Login'></i></a>
377                </li>
378                <!-- Topbar -->
379                <li class="d-print-none d-lg-none pt-2 topbar-mobile">
380                    <!-- <iframe
381				frameborder="0"
382				id="co_auth_check_authiframecontainer"
383				style="width: 179px; height: 57px; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: -15px; padding: 0; border: none; overflow: hidden; background-color: transparent; display: none;"
384				src=""></iframe> -->
385                </li>
386                <!-- End Topbar -->
387            </ul>
388</div>
389</div></div>
390
391            </nav>
392
393        </div>
394
395        <section id="banner" class="banner dzsparallaxer use-loading auto-init height-is-based-on-content mode-scroll loaded dzsprx-readyall">
396
397            <div class="divimage dzsparallaxer--target layout__moodboard-banner" data-src="" style=""></div>
398
399            <!-- END_SNIPPET:part7 -->
400
401            <div id="headers-content-container" class="container CMSCONTAINER">
402
403
404
405            <div id="cmsbox_123280" class="cmsbox ">            <span class="header-small text-uppercase"><!-- START_HEADLINE_ORDER_FIRST -->Special issues<!-- END_HEADLINE_ORDER_FIRST -->&nbsp;</span>
406            <h1 class="display-4 header-get-function ">
407                <!-- START_HEADLINE_ORDER_SECOND -->Scheduled SIs<!-- END_HEADLINE_ORDER_SECOND -->&nbsp;
408            </h1>
409</div></div>
410
411        </section>
412
413
414
415        <div id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs">
416
417            <div class="container">
418
419                <div class="row align-items-center">
420
421                    <div class="d-none d-sm-block text-nowrap pageactions"></div>
422
423                    <!-- START_SEARCH -->
424
425                    <!-- END_SEARCH -->
426
427                    <!-- The template part snippet fo breadcrubs is in source code-->
428
429                    <div class="justify-content-between col-auto col-md CMSCONTAINER" id="breadcrumbs_content_container"><div id="cmsbox_1086144" class="cmsbox "><!-- tpl: templates/get_functions/get_breadcrumbs/index -->
430<div class="breadcrumbGetFunctionContainer">
431    <!-- START_BREADCRUMBS_CONTAINER -->
432    <ol class="breadcrumb">
433        <!-- START_BREADCRUMBS -->
434        <!-- START_SNIPPET:part8 -->
435            <li class="breadcrumb-item home"><a href="https://www.earth-system-science-data.net">Home</a></li>
436                    <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://ESSD.copernicus.org">Articles &amp; preprints</a></li>
437        <!-- END_SNIPPET:part8 -->
438        <!-- END_BREADCRUMBS -->
439    </ol>
440    <!-- END_BREADCRUMBS_CONTAINER -->
441</div></div></div>
442
443                    <!-- START_SNIPPET:part10 -->
444
445                    <div class="col col-md-4 text-right page-search CMSCONTAINER" id="search_content_container"><div id="cmsbox_1086040" class="cmsbox "><!-- v1.31 -->
446<!-- 1.31: added placeholder for test system sanitizing-->
447<!-- 1.3: #855 -->
448<!-- 1.2: #166 -->
449<!-- CMS ressources/FinderBreadcrumbBox.html -->
450<!-- START_SITE_SEARCH -->
451<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
452<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" >
453
454    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe.
455         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
456    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>
457
458    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
459    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">
460
461        <!-- Container that holds slides.
462            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
463            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
464        <div class="pswp__container">
465            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
466            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
467            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
468        </div>
469
470        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
471        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">
472
473            <div class="pswp__top-bar">
474
475                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->
476
477                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>
478
479                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>
480
481
482                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>
483
484                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
485                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
486                <div class="pswp__preloader">
487                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
488                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
489                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
490                        </div>
491                    </div>
492                </div>
493            </div>
494
495            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
496                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
497            </div>
498
499            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
500            </button>
501
502            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
503            </button>
504
505            <div class="pswp__caption ">
506                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
507            </div>
508
509        </div>
510
511    </div>
512
513</div>
514<div class="row align-items-center no-gutters py-1" id="search-wrapper">
515
516    <div class="col-auto pl-0 pr-1">
517        <a id="templateSearchInfoBtn" role="button" tabindex="99" data-container="body" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="click"><span class="fal fa-info-circle"></span></a>
518    </div>
519
520    <div class="col pl-0 pr-1">
521        <input type="search" placeholder="Search" name="q" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="search_query_solr"/>
522    </div>
523    <div class="col-auto pl-0">
524        <button title="Start site search" id="start_site_search_solr" class="btn btn-sm btn-success"><span class="co-search"></span></button>
525    </div>
526</div>
527
528<div class="text-left">
529    <div id="templateSearchInfo" class="d-none">
530        <div>
531            <p>
532                Multiple terms: term1 term2<br />
533                <i>red apples</i><br />
534                returns results with all terms like:<br />
535                <i>Fructose levels in <strong>red</strong> and <strong>green</strong> apples</i><br />
536            </p>
537            <p>
538                Precise match in quotes: "term1 term2"<br />
539                <i>"red apples"</i><br />
540                returns results matching exactly like:<br />
541                <i>Anthocyanin biosynthesis in <strong>red apples</strong></i><br />
542            </p>
543
544            <p>
545                Exclude a term with -: term1 -term2<br />
546                <i>apples -red</i><br />
547                returns results containing <i><strong>apples</strong></i> but not <i><strong>red</strong></i>:<br />
548                <i>Malic acid in green <strong>apples</strong></i><br />
549            </p>
550        </div>
551    </div>
552
553    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchResultModal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
554        <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered">
555            <div class="modal-content">
556                <div class="modal-header modal-header--sticky shadow one-column d-block">
557                    <div class="row no-gutters mx-1">
558                        <div class="col mr-3">
559                                <h1 class="" id="resultsSearchHeader"><span id="templateSearchResultNr"></span> hit<span id="templateSearchResultNrPlural">s</span> for <span id="templateSearchResultTerm"></span></h1>
560                            </div>
561                        <div class="col-auto">
562                            <a id="scrolltopmodal" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="scrollModalTop();" style="display: none;"><i class="co-home"></i></a>
563
564                        </div>
565                        <div class="col-auto">
566                                <button data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close" class="btn btn-danger mt-1">Close</button>
567                            </div>
568                    </div>
569                </div>
570                <div class="modal-body one-column">
571                    <!-- $$co-sanitizing-slot1$$ -->
572                    <div class="grid-container mx-n3">
572<div class="grid-85 tablet-grid-85">
573                        <button aria-label="Refine" id="refineSearchModal" class="btn btn-primary float-left mt-4">Refine your search</button>
574                        <button aria-label="Refine" id="refineSearchModalHide" class="btn btn-danger float-left d-none mt-4">Hide refinement</button>
575                    </div></div>
576                    <div class="grid-container mx-n3"><div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100"><div id="templateRefineSearch" class="d-none"></div></div></div>
577
578                <div id="templateSearchResultContainer" class="searchResultsModal mx-n3"></div>
579                <div class="grid-container mb-0"><div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100"><div id="templateSearchResultContainerEmpty" class="co-notification d-none">There are no results for your search term.</div></div></div>
580            </div>
581
582            </div>
583        </div>
584    </div>
585</div>
586
587    <!-- feedback network problems -->
588    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal1"  role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
589        <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered">
590            <div class="modal-content p-3">
591                <div class="modal-body text-left">
592                    <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Network problems</h1>
593                    <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but your search could not be completed due to network problems. Please try again later.</div>
594                </div>
595            </div>
596        </div>
597    </div>
598
599    <!-- feedback server timeout -->
600    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal2" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
601        <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered">
602            <div class="modal-content p-3">
603                <div class="modal-body text-left">
604                    <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Server timeout</h1>
605                    <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but your search could not be completed due to server timeouts. Please try again later.</div>
606                </div>
607            </div>
608        </div>
609    </div>
610
611    <!-- feedback invalid search term -->
612    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal3"  role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
613        <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered">
614            <div class="modal-content p-3">
615                <div class="modal-body text-left">
616                    <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Empty search term</h1>
617                    <div class="co-error">You have applied the search with an empty search term. Please revisit and try again.</div>
618                </div>
619            </div>
620        </div>
621    </div>
622
623    <!-- feedback too many requests -->
624    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchErrorModal4"  role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
625        <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-centered">
626            <div class="modal-content p-3">
627                <div class="modal-body text-left">
628                    <h1 class="mt-0 pt-0">Too many requests</h1>
629                    <div class="co-error">We are sorry, but we have received too many parallel search requests. Please try again later.</div>
630                </div>
631            </div>
632        </div>
633    </div>
634
635    <!-- loading -->
636    <div class="modal " id="templateSearchLoadingModal"  role="dialog" aria-labelledby="Search results" aria-hidden="true">
637        <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm modal-dialog-centered">
638            <div class="modal-content p-3 co_LoadingDotsContainer">
639                <div class="modal-body">
640                    <div class="text">Searching</div>
641                    <div class="dots d-flex justify-content-center"><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div><div class="dot"></div></div></div>
642            </div>
643        </div>
644    </div>
645
646</div>
647<style>
648    /*.modal {*/
649    /*    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);*/
650    /*}*/
651    .modal-header--sticky {
652        position: sticky;
653        top: 0;
654        background-color: inherit;
655        z-index: 1055;
656    }
657    .grid-container
658    {
659        margin-bottom: 1em;
660        /*padding-left: 0;*/
661        /*padding-right: 0;*/
662    }
663    #templateSearchInfo{
664        display: none;
665        background-color: var(--background-color-primary);
666        margin-top: 1px;
667        z-index: 5;
668        border: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
669        opacity: .8;
670        font-size: .7rem;
671        border-radius: .25rem;
672    }
673
674
675    #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer
676    {
677        z-index: 1000;
678    }
679    #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .text
680    {
681        text-align: center;
682        font-weight: bold;
683        padding-bottom: 1rem;
684    }
685    #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot
686    {
687        background-color: #0072BC;
688        border: 2px solid white;
689        border-radius: 50%;
690        float: left;
691        height: 2rem;
692        width: 2rem;
693        margin: 0 5px;
694        -webkit-transform: scale(0);
695        transform: scale(0);
696        -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms;
697        animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 0ms;
698    }
699    #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(2)
700    {
701        -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms;
702        animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 300ms;
703    }
704    #templateSearchLoadingModal .co_LoadingDotsContainer .dot:nth-child(3)
705    {
706        -webkit-animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms;
707        animation: animation_dots_breath 1000ms ease infinite 600ms;
708    }
709    #templateSearchResultModal [class*="grid-"] {
710        padding-left: 10px !important;
711        padding-right: 10px !important;
712    }
713    #templateSearchResultTerm {
714        font-weight: bold;
715    }
716
717    #resultsSearchHeader {
718        display: block !important;
719    }
720    #scrolltopmodal {
721        font-size: 3.0em;
722        margin-top: 0 !important;
723        margin-right: 15px;
724    }
725
726    @-webkit-keyframes animation_dots_breath {
727        50% {
728            -webkit-transform: scale(1);
729            transform: scale(1);
730            opacity: 1;
731        }
732        100% {
733            opacity: 0;
734        }
735    }
736    @keyframes animation_dots_breath {
737        50% {
738            -webkit-transform: scale(1);
739            transform: scale(1);
740            opacity: 1;
741        }
742        100% {
743            opacity: 0;
744        }
745    }
746
747    @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
748        #templateSearchResultModal .modal-dialog {
749            max-width: 90%;
750        }
751    }
752
753</style>
754<script>
755
756    if(document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content == "https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/")
757        FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder-app')+"search/library.php";
758    else
759        FINDER_URL = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_moBaseURL"]').content.replace('meetingorganizer', 'finder')+"search/library.php";
760
761    SEARCH_INPUT = document.getElementById('search_query_solr');
762    SEARCH_INPUT_MODAL = document.getElementById('search_query_modal');
763    searchRunning = false;
764
765    offset = 20;
766    INITIAL_OFFSET = 20;
767
768    var MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver || window.MozMutationObserver;
769    const targetNodeSearchModal = document.getElementById("templateSearchResultModal");
770    const configSearchModal = { attributes: true, childList: true, subtree: true };
771
772    // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed
773    const callbackSearchModal = (mutationList, observer) => {
774        for (const mutation of mutationList) {
775            if (mutation.type === "childList") {
776                // console.log("A child node has been added or removed.");
777                picturesGallery();
778            } else if (mutation.type === "attributes") {
779                // console.log(`The ${mutation.attributeName} attribute was modified.`);
780            }
781        }
782    };
783
784    // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function
785    const observer = new MutationObserver(callbackSearchModal);
786
787    // Start observing the target node for configured mutations
788    observer.observe(targetNodeSearchModal, configSearchModal);
789
790    function _addEventListener()
791    {
792        document.getElementById('search_query_solr').addEventListener('keypress', (e) => {
793            if (e.key === 'Enter')
794                _runSearch();
795        });
796        document.getElementById('start_site_search_solr').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
797            _runSearch();
798            e.stopPropagation();
799            e.stopImmediatePropagation();
800            return false;
801        });
802
803        $('#templateSearchResultModal').scroll(function() {
804            if ($(this).scrollTop()) {
805                $('#scrolltopmodal:hidden').stop(true, true).fadeIn().css("display","inline-block");
806            } else {
807                $('#scrolltopmodal').stop(true, true).fadeOut();
808            }
809        });
810
811    }
812
813    function scrollModalTop()
814    {
815        $('#templateSearchResultModal').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 'slow');
816        // $('#templateSearchResultModal').scrollTop(0);
817
818    }
819
820    function picturesGallery()
821    {
822        $('body').off('click', '.paperlist-avatar img');
823        $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img');
824        searchPaperListAvatar = [];
825        searchPaperListAvatarThumb = [];
826        search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
827        if (typeof search_gallery != "undefined") {
828            search_gallery = null;
829        }
830        $('body').on('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img', function (e) {
831            if(searchPaperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && searchPaperListAvatar.length === 0) {
832                $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').each(function () {
833
834                    var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web');
835                    var width = $(this).attr('data-width');
836                    var height = $(this).attr('data-height');
837                    var caption = $(this).attr('data-caption');
838
839                    var figure = {
840                        src: webversion,
841                        w: width,
842                        h: height,
843                        title: caption
844                    };
845                    searchPaperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]);
846                    searchPaperListAvatar.push(figure);
847                });
848            }
849            var target = $(this);
850            var index = $('#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img').index(target);
851            var options = {
852                showHideOpacity:false,
853                bgOpacity:0.8,
854                index:index,
855                spacing:0.15,
856                history: false,
857                focus:false,
858                getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) {
859                    var thumbnail = searchPaperListAvatarThumb[index];
860                    var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;
861                    var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect();
862                    return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width};
863                }
864            };
865            search_gallery = new PhotoSwipe( search_pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[searchPaperListAvatar[index]],options);
866            search_gallery.init();
867        });
868    }
869    function showError(code, msg)
870    {
871        console.error(code, msg);
872
873        $("#templateSearchLoadingModal").modal("hide");
874
875        switch(code)
876        {
877            case -3: 	// http request fail
878            case -2: 	// invalid MO response
879            case 4: 	// CORS
880            case 1: 	// project
881                $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({});
882                break;
883            case -1: 	// timeout
884                $("#templateSearchErrorModal2").modal({});
885                break;
886            case 2: 	// empty term
887                $("#templateSearchErrorModal3").modal({});
888                break;
889            case 3: 	// DOS
890                $("#templateSearchErrorModal4").modal({});
891                break;
892            default:
893                $("#templateSearchErrorModal1").modal({});
894                break;
895        }
896    }
897    function clearForm() {
898        var myFormElement = document.getElementById("library-filters")
899        var elements = myFormElement.elements;
900        $(".form-check-input").prop('checked', false).change().parent().removeClass('active');
901        for(i=0; i<elements.length; i++) {
902            field_type = elements[i].type.toLowerCase();
903            switch(field_type) {
904                case "text":
905                case "password":
906                case "textarea":
907                case "hidden":
908                    elements[i].value = "";
909                    break;
910                case "radio":
911                case "checkbox":
912                    if (elements[i].checked) {
913                        elements[i].checked = false;
914                    }
915                    break;
916
917                case "select-one":
918                case "select-multi":
919                    elements[i].selectedIndex = -1;
920                    break;
921
922                default:
923                    break;
924            }
925        }
926    }
927
928    function generateShowMoreButton(offset, term)
929    {
930        var code = '<button aria-label="ShowMore"  id="showMore" class="btn btn-success float-right mr-2" data-offset="' + offset + '">Show more</button>';
931        return code;
932    }
933
934    function hideModal(id)
935    {
936        $("#"+id).modal('hide');
937    }
938
939    function showModal(id)
940    {
941        $("#"+id).modal({});
942    }
943
944    function prepareForPhotoSwipe()
945    {
946        searchPaperListAvatar = [];
947        searchPaperListAvatarThumb = [];
948        search_pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
949    }
950
951    function _sendAjax(projectID, term)
952    {
953        let httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest();
954        if(searchRunning)
955        {
956            console.log("Search running");
957            return;
958        }
959
960        if (!httpRequest) {
961            console.error("Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance");
962            showError(-1);
963            return false;
964        }
965
966        // httpRequest.timeout = 20000; // time in milliseconds
967        httpRequest.withCredentials = false;
968        httpRequest.ontimeout = (e) => {
969            showError(-1, "result timeout");
970            searchRunning = false;
971        };
972        httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function()
973        {
974            if (httpRequest.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE)
975            {
976                searchRunning = false;
977
978                if (httpRequest.status === 200) {
979                    let rs = JSON.parse(httpRequest.responseText);
980                    if(rs)
981                    {
982                        if(rs.isError)
983                        {
984                            showError(rs.errorCode, rs.errorMessage);
985                        }
986                        else
987                        {
988                            let html = rs.resultHTMLs;
989                            $("#modal_search_query").val(rs.term);
990                            $("#templateSearchResultTerm").html(rs.term);
991                            $("#templateSearchResultNr").html(rs.resultsNr);
992                            $("#templateRefineSearch").html(rs.filter);
993                            if(rs.filter == false)
994                            {
995                                console.log('filter empty');
996                                $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
997                            }
998
999                            if(rs.resultsNr==1)
1000                                $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").hide();
1001                            else
1002                                $("#templateSearchResultNrPlural").show();
1003                            if(rs.resultsNr==0)
1004                            {
1005                                hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal');
1006                                $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html("");
1007                                $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").removeClass("d-none");
1008                                showModal('templateSearchResultModal');
1009                            }
1010                            else
1011                            {
1012                                if((rs.resultsNr - offset)>0)
1013                                {
1014                                    html = html + generateShowMoreButton(offset, term);
1015                                }
1016                                $("#templateSearchResultContainerEmpty").addClass("d-none");
1017                                if( offset == INITIAL_OFFSET)
1018                                {
1019                                    hideModal('templateSearchLoadingModal');
1020                                    $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(html);
1021                                    showModal('templateSearchResultModal');
1022                                }
1023                                else
1024                                {
1025                                    $('#showMore').remove();
1026                                    startHtml = $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html();
1027                                    $("#templateSearchResultContainer").html(startHtml + html);
1028                                }
1029                                // prepareForPhotoSwipe();
1030                            }
1031                        }
1032                    }
1033                    else
1034                    {
1035                        showError(-2, "invalid result");
1036                    }
1037                } else {
1038                    showError(-3, "There was a problem with the request.");
1039                }
1040            }
1041        };
1042        if(offset == INITIAL_OFFSET)
1043        {
1044            hideModal('templateSearchResultModal');
1045            showModal('templateSearchLoadingModal');
1046        }
1047
1048        httpRequest.open("GET", FINDER_URL+"?project="+projectID+"&term="+encodeURI(term)+((offset>INITIAL_OFFSET)?("&offset="+(offset-INITIAL_OFFSET)) : ""));
1049        httpRequest.send();
1050        searchRunning = true;
1051    }
1052
1053    function _runSearch()
1054    {
1055        var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content;
1056        var term = _searchTrimInput(SEARCH_INPUT.value);
1057
1058        if(term.length > 0)
1059        {
1060            _sendAjax(projectID, term);
1061        }
1062        else
1063        {
1064            showError(2, 'Empty search term')
1065        }
1066    }
1067    function _searchTrimInput(str) {
1068        return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/gm, '');
1069    }
1070
1071    function run()
1072    {
1073        _addEventListener();
1074
1075        $('#templateSearchInfoBtn, #modalSearchInfoBtn').popover({
1076            sanitize: false,
1077            html: true,
1078            content: $("#templateSearchInfo").html(),
1079            placement: "bottom",
1080            template: '<div class="popover" role="tooltip"><div class="arrow"></div><button class="m-1 float-right btn btn-sm btn-danger" id="templateSearchInfoClose"><i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i></button><h3 class="popover-header"></h3><div class="popover-body"></div></div>',
1081            title: "Search tips",
1082        });
1083        $(document).click(function (e) {
1084            let t = $(e.target);
1085            let a = t && t.attr("data-toggle")!=="popover" && t.parent().attr("data-toggle")!=="popover";
1086            let b = t && $(".popover").has(t).length===0;
1087            if(a && b)
1088            {
1089                $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide');
1090                $('#modalSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide');
1091            }
1092        });
1093        $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').on('shown.bs.popover', function () {
1094            $("#templateSearchInfoClose").click(function(e){
1095                $('#templateSearchInfoBtn').popover('hide');
1096                e.stopPropagation();
1097                e.stopImmediatePropagation();
1098                return false;
1099            });
1100        })
1101        $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function(e) {
1102            $('body').off('click', '#templateSearchResultContainer .paperlist-avatar img');
1103            var pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
1104            var gallery = null;
1105            var paperListAvatar = [];
1106            var paperListAvatarThumb = [];
1107            $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){
1108                var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web');
1109                var width = $(this).attr('data-width');
1110                var height = $(this).attr('data-height');
1111                var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption');
1112
1113                var figure = {
1114                    src:webversion,
1115                    w:width,
1116                    h:height,
1117                    title:caption
1118                };
1119                paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]);
1120                paperListAvatar.push(figure);
1121            });
1122            $('body').on('click', '.paperlist-avatar img', function (e) {
1123                if(paperListAvatarThumb.length === 0 && paperListAvatar.length === 0){
1124                    $('.paperlist-avatar img').each(function(){
1125                        var webversion = $(this).attr('data-web');
1126                        var width = $(this).attr('data-width');
1127                        var height = $(this).attr('data-height');
1128                        var caption =$(this).attr('data-caption');
1129
1130                        var figure = {
1131                            src:webversion,
1132                            w:width,
1133                            h:height,
1134                            title:caption
1135                        };
1136                        paperListAvatarThumb.push($(this)[0]);
1137                        paperListAvatar.push(figure);
1138                    });
1139                }
1140                var target = $(this);
1141                var index = $('.paperlist-avatar img').index(target);
1142                var options = {
1143                    showHideOpacity:true,
1144                    bgOpacity:0.8,
1145                    index:index,
1146                    spacing:0.15,
1147                    getThumbBoundsFn: function(index) {
1148
1149                        var thumbnail = paperListAvatarThumb[index];
1150                        var pageYScroll = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;
1151                        var rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect();
1152                        return {x:rect.left, y:rect.top + pageYScroll, w:rect.width};
1153                    }
1154                };
1155                gallery = new PhotoSwipe( pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default,[paperListAvatar[index]],options);
1156                gallery.init();
1157            });
1158
1159        });
1160        $('#templateSearchResultModal').on('hide.bs.modal', function(e) {
1161            $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
1162            $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
1163            $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block');
1164            offset = INITIAL_OFFSET;
1165        })
1166
1167        $(document).on("click", "#showMore", function(e){
1168            offset+=INITIAL_OFFSET;
1169            runSearchModal()
1170            e.stopPropagation();
1171            e.stopImmediatePropagation();
1172            return false;
1173        });
1174
1175
1176
1177        $(document).ready(function() {
1178            $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModal", function (e) {
1179                $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block');
1180                $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
1181                $("#refineSearchModalHide").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block');
1182            });
1183            $(document).on("click", "#refineSearchModalHide", function (e) {
1184                $("#templateRefineSearch").removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
1185                $(this).removeClass('d-block').addClass('d-none');
1186                $("#refineSearchModal").removeClass('d-none').addClass('d-block');
1187            });
1188
1189            $(document).on("click", "#modal_start_site_search", function (e) {
1190                runSearchModal();
1191                e.stopPropagation();
1192                e.stopImmediatePropagation();
1193                return false;
1194            });
1195        });
1196    }
1197
1198    function runSearchModal()
1199    {
1200        var projectID = document.querySelector('meta[name="global_projectID"]').content;
1201        var queryString = $('#library-filters').serialize();
1202        var term = _searchTrimInput($('#modal_search_query').val());
1203        term+='&'+queryString;
1204        if(term.length > 0)
1205        {
1206            _sendAjax(projectID, term);
1207        }
1208        else
1209        {
1210            showError(2, 'Empty search term')
1211        }
1212    }
1213
1214    if(document.getElementById('search_query_solr'))
1215    {
1216        run();
1217    }
1218
1219</script>
1219
1220<!-- END_SITE_SEARCH --></div></div>
1221
1222                    <!-- END_SNIPPET:part10 -->
1223
1224                </div>
1225
1226            </div>
1227
1228        </div>
1229
1230    </div>
1231
1232</header>
1233
1234<!--=== Content ===-->
1235
1236<main class="one-column version-2023">
1237
1238    <div id="content" class="container">
1239
1240        <div id="page_content_container" class="CMSCONTAINER content-container">
1241
1242            <!-- $$CONTENT$$ -->
1243
1244            <!-- START_LEFT_REMOVABLE_SECTION -->
1245
1246            <!-- END_LEFT_REMOVABLE_SECTION -->
1247
1248        <div id="cmsbox_89190" class="cmsbox "><h1>Scheduled special issues</h1></div><div id="special-issues-scheduled-content" class="cmsbox ">        <p>The following special issues are scheduled for publication in ESSD:</p>
1249
1250        <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue-tabs">
1251            <div class="grid-20 tablet-grid-20 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent">
1252                <a class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#chronologically" data-show="#alphabetically" href="#">Alphabetically</a>
1253            </div>
1254            <div class="grid-20 tablet-grid-20 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent">
1255                <a class="show-hide triangle active" data-hide="#alphabetically" data-show="#chronologically" href="#">Chronologically</a>
1256            </div>
1257        </div>
1258        <div class="grid-container grid-parent">
1259            <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent" id="alphabetically" style="display: none;">
1260                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">A</h2>
1261                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1262                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1263                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html">Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution</a>
1264                                 (WCD/ESD/ESSD/GMD inter-journal SI)
1265                        </div>
1266                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1267                            20 May 2026&ndash;31 May 2028 | Chaim Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel), Stephanie Fiedler (Heidelberg University, Germany), and Graciela Raga (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico) | 
1268                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-1401" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-1401" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-1401">Information</a>
1269                        </div>
1270                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-alphabetically-content-1401" style="display: none">
1271                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1272                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1273                                    <div class="content" id="1401">
1274                                        <p>There is a crucial societal need to develop an integrated capability to understand, attribute, and predict annual to decadal changes in the Earth’s climate system, including capabilities for early warning of potential high-impact events and changes. To meet this need, the climate science community needs to provide actionable scientific information that meets the evolving needs of societies all over the world. This goal is shared by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Lighthouse Activity on Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change (EPESC) and by the WCRP’s core project Atmospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (APARC) Large Ensembles for Attribution of Dynamically-driven ExtRemes (LEADER) activity.</p>
1275<p>In pursuit of this goal, this special issue welcomes research that addresses prediction, projection, and attribution of phenomena and events acting on annual to decadal timescales. This includes evaluating existing and developing new methodologies to attribute and predict changes and extremes driven by the atmospheric or oceanic circulation. We also seek advances that can lead to more reliable quantitative attribution statements to support the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update and State of the Climate reports issued by the World Meteorological Organization and to improved projections.</p>
1276<p>While early warnings of changes in the Earth system are now potentially possible through, e.g., operational decadal predictions, there are several challenges: there is a lack of understanding of the dynamical mechanisms that enable such projections, and there is evidence that global models underestimate some predictable signals and that there are systematic discrepancies between simulated and observed trends.  The special issue seeks research that highlights these challenges and improves our understanding of the causes of regional climate changes, needed both to attribute recent events and to gain further confidence in forecasts.</p>
1277<p>A particular focus of this special issue is papers that analyze output from the Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (LESFMIP; Smith et al., 2022), as these coordinated model experiments will enable the impacts of different external drivers to be isolated that otherwise would be buried under internal variability while also offering a testbed for methods to extract predictable signals with the correct amplitude.</p>
1278                                    </div>
1279                                    <div class="row">
1280                                        <div class="col-auto">
1281                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-content-1401"
1282                                               data-show="#info-alphabetically-link-1401">Hide</a>
1283                                        </div>
1284                                        <div class="col text-right">
1285                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html" data-id="1401" style="display: none;">
1286                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1287                                            </a>
1288                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html" data-id="1401" title="Copy to clipboard">
1289                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1290                                            </a>
1291                                        </div>
1292                                    </div>
1293                                </div>
1294                            </div>
1295                    </div>
1296                    
1297
1298                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1299                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1300                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html">Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa</a>
1301                                 (ACP/AMT/AR/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1302                        </div>
1303                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1304                            01 Jan 2026&ndash;31 Dec 2028 | Paola Formenti (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France), Hendrik Andersen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), and Kirsten Elger (GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Germany) | 
1305                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-1389" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-1389" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-1389">Information</a>
1306                        </div>
1307                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-alphabetically-content-1389" style="display: none">
1308                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1309                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1310                                    <div class="content" id="1389">
1311                                        <p>The purpose of this special issue is the compilation of modelling and observational studies on the role of atmospheric aerosols in the life cycle and composition of fog and low clouds in southern Africa as well as their mutual links with climate and biogeochemistry.</p>
1312<p>The special issue is motivated by new results from the AeroFog project, focusing on the hyperarid coastal deserts of Namibia, on the western coast of southern Africa. AeroFog is based on two intensive, ground-based field deployments, which took place in May and September 2024 along the coast and in the desert, and the long-term monitoring and analysis of remote-sensing products. Observations, satellite measurements, and modelling address the aerosol radiative, chemical, and microphysical interactions relevant to fog as well as the meteorological fields and dynamical processes that influence aerosol emission, transport, and deposition. Building on the diverse expertise of scientists in both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres, AeroFog aims to develop a holistic understanding of the mechanisms by which nutrients and pollutants are found in fog and the effect of fog on the biogeochemistry of regional ecosystems. The special issue comprises papers with complementary goals so as to encourage the exchange of ideas among previous, current, and planned large-scale projects and activities in the region.</p>
1313                                    </div>
1314                                    <div class="row">
1315                                        <div class="col-auto">
1316                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-content-1389"
1317                                               data-show="#info-alphabetically-link-1389">Hide</a>
1318                                        </div>
1319                                        <div class="col text-right">
1320                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html" data-id="1389" style="display: none;">
1321                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1322                                            </a>
1323                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html" data-id="1389" title="Copy to clipboard">
1324                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1325                                            </a>
1326                                        </div>
1327                                    </div>
1328                                </div>
1329                            </div>
1330                    </div>
1331                    
1332                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">C</h2>
1333                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1334                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1335                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1307.html">Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) forcings and inputs &ndash; development, documentation, and evaluation</a>
1336                                 (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1337                        </div>
1338                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1339                            11 Mar 2024&ndash;31 Mar 2029 | ESSD topic editors | Coordinators: John Dunne (NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, United States), Helene Hewitt (Met Office, United Kingdom), and Eleanor O'Rourke (WCRP-CMIP International Project Office, United Kingdom) | 
1340                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-1307" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-1307" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-1307">Information</a>
1341                        </div>
1342                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-alphabetically-content-1307" style="display: none">
1343                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1344                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1345                                    <div class="content" id="1307">
1346                                        <p>The natural and anthropogenic climate drivers that impact Earth’s radiation balance, influencing climate states and <q>forcing</q> climate change are termed <q>climate forcing</q> agents. Globally representative forcing estimates are needed to drive Earth system models to simulate past and project future climate states. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) <a href="https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip7-task-teams/forcings/"target="_blank">Forcing Task Team</a> aims to identify, develop, document, and deliver forcings for next-generation models participating in the seventh phase of CMIP (CMIP7). This next phase is likely to be a core contribution to the IPCC seventh assessment cycle (AR7). The special issue welcomes papers documenting forcing data development and evaluation, along with those describing CMIP7 forcing characteristics (in contrast to previous versions). We also invite papers that quantify and assess uncertainties in the spatial and temporal forcing distributions and the influence of forcing on the evolution of climate states across Earth system model configurations.</p>
1347                                    </div>
1348                                    <div class="row">
1349                                        <div class="col-auto">
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1352                                        </div>
1353                                        <div class="col text-right">
1354                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) forcings and inputs &ndash; development, documentation, and evaluation" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1307.html" data-id="1307" style="display: none;">
1355                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1356                                            </a>
1357                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) forcings and inputs &ndash; development, documentation, and evaluation" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1307.html" data-id="1307" title="Copy to clipboard">
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1359                                            </a>
1360                                        </div>
1361                                    </div>
1362                                </div>
1363                            </div>
1364                    </div>
1365                    
1366                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">M</h2>
1367                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1368                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1369                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1284.html">Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects (MIIPs) for the polar regions and beyond (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)</a>
1370                                 (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1371                        </div>
1372                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1373                            25 Sep 2023&ndash;indefinite | Gunilla Svensson (Stockholm University, Sweden), Matthew D. Shupe (University of Colorado Colorado Springs, United States), Felix Pithan (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany), and Ken Mankoff (Goddard Institute for Space Studies, United States) | 
1374                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-1284" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-1284" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-1284">Information</a>
1375                        </div>
1376                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-alphabetically-content-1284" style="display: none">
1377                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1378                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1379                                    <div class="content" id="1284">
1380                                        <p>For this SI we welcome manuscripts on activities such as MIIPs – Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects that target long-standing issues in the representation of small-scale processes in numerical weather prediction and climate models. The initiatives may have been taken during the 10-year Polar Prediction Project (PPP) that finished at the end of 2022 or during the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services (PCAPS
1380) both part of the WMO World Weather Research Program. These programs suggest an emphasis on processes that are especially important for the polar regions, but contributions that are relevant and important for model performance in other regions of the world are also welcome. Specific targets are the representation of stably stratified boundary layers, mixed-phase clouds and atmospheric coupling with snow and or ice-covered surfaces, sea-ice, ocean mixing etc.</p>
1381<p>The intention of this SI is to publish results from MIIPs that establish new and improved workflows to facilitate a more efficient path to improved process representation. This includes research-grade observations that are packaged in an easy-to-use format which combine high-frequency observations of the surface and the atmosphere above to be able to directly compare with the parameterizations used in models using time-step data. The Merged Data File (MDF) format that is defined for both observations and model output come with a series of tools that is transferable between models and observational data collections for both file production and analysis. The SI especially welcome contributions that build on, or further develop the MDF concept including new variables, types of data, sites or new analysis tools such as process-oriented diagnostics or insights in models using the targeted files.</p>
1382                                    </div>
1383                                    <div class="row">
1384                                        <div class="col-auto">
1385                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-content-1284"
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1387                                        </div>
1388                                        <div class="col text-right">
1389                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects (MIIPs) for the polar regions and beyond (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1284.html" data-id="1284" style="display: none;">
1390                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1391                                            </a>
1392                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects (MIIPs) for the polar regions and beyond (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1284.html" data-id="1284" title="Copy to clipboard">
1393                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1394                                            </a>
1395                                        </div>
1396                                    </div>
1397                                </div>
1398                            </div>
1399                    </div>
1400                    
1401                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">O</h2>
1402                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1403                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1404                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue25_968.html">Oldest Ice: finding and interpreting climate proxies in ice older than 700 000 years</a>
1405                                 (TC/CP/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1406                        </div>
1407                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1408                            01 Jan 2013&ndash;31 Dec 2027 | ESSD editors | Coordinators: Thomas Blunier (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) and Reinhard Drews (University of Tübingen, Germany) | 
1409                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-968" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-968" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-968">Information</a>
1410                        </div>
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1412                                <div class="widget dark-border">
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1414                                    <div class="content" id="968">
1415                                        <p>The glacial–interglacial cyclicity of the climate system varied in the past, most notably during the transition from a 40 ka to a 100 ka world in the mid-Pleistocene. Gases trapped in Antarctic ice are the most direct access available to investigate the composition of the paleo-atmosphere of that age and processes related to climate variability. The International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS) Oldest Ice endeavour aims at obtaining an undisturbed ice-core record older than 1 Ma. In addition to ice cores, time slices of paleo-records, available, for example, in Antarctic blue-ice fields, provide further valuable information, which complements continuous time series based on ice cores. This special issue will assemble contributions dedicated to the preparatory phase of this global effort to obtain ice samples and time series older than 700 000 years. This includes a consideration of glaciogical and geophysical settings which allow the presence of old ice, results from pre-site surveys and modelling studies, aspects of ice-core and other sampling techniques and analyses, and requirements for drilling and core handling.</p>
1416                                    </div>
1417                                    <div class="row">
1418                                        <div class="col-auto">
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1421                                        </div>
1422                                        <div class="col text-right">
1423                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Oldest Ice: finding and interpreting climate proxies in ice older than 700 000 years" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue25_968.html" data-id="968" style="display: none;">
1424                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1425                                            </a>
1426                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Oldest Ice: finding and interpreting climate proxies in ice older than 700 000 years" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue25_968.html" data-id="968" title="Copy to clipboard">
1427                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1428                                            </a>
1429                                        </div>
1430                                    </div>
1431                                </div>
1432                            </div>
1433                    </div>
1434                    
1435                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">T</h2>
1436                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1437                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1438                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html">TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)</a>
1439                                 (WCD/ACP/AMT/ESSD/GMD/TC inter-journal SI)
1440                        </div>
1441                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1442                            01 Jul 2026&ndash;30 Jun 2031 | Martin Kohler (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), Claudia Acquistapace (University of Padua, Italy), and Graciela Raga (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico) | 
1443                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-alphabetically-link-1406" data-show="#info-alphabetically-content-1406" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-link-1406">Information</a>
1444                        </div>
1445                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-alphabetically-content-1406" style="display: none">
1446                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1447                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1448                                    <div class="content" id="1406">
1449                                        <p>Several terrain-induced processes in the atmospheric boundary layer over mountains affect the transport and exchange of heat, momentum, moisture, aerosols, and trace constituents between the surface and the atmosphere and within the atmosphere.</p>
1450<p>TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment) is an international research program that aims at improving our understanding of these processes and their representation in numerical weather and climate prediction models. Measurements were collected in a north–south transect through the Alps using a range of different instruments as part of the 1-year-long TEAMx Observational Campaign between September 2024 and September 2025. To sample the mountain boundary layer at multiple spatial and temporal scales, observations from various platforms were combined: surface weather and eddy-covariance stations, surface-based remote sensing instruments, radiosoundings, drone-based measurements, and aircraft flights. The observational data were complemented by numerical modeling for process understanding and model development.</p>
1451<p>This special issue collects observational, modeling, and theoretical studies originating from the TEAMx research programme. In particular, we call for contributions that use data collected during the TEAMx Observational Campaign (TOC), use data collected during other TEAMx-related measurement campaigns (e.g., pre-campaign PC22, HEFEX), and result from funded projects endorsed by TEAMx. Idealized modeling studies and theoretical work dealing with meteorological processes in the mountain boundary layer and their parameterization are also welcome.</p>
1452                                    </div>
1453                                    <div class="row">
1454                                        <div class="col-auto">
1455                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-alphabetically-content-1406"
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1459                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html" data-id="1406" style="display: none;">
1460                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1461                                            </a>
1462                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html" data-id="1406" title="Copy to clipboard">
1463                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1464                                            </a>
1465                                        </div>
1466                                    </div>
1467                                </div>
1468                            </div>
1469                    </div>
1470                    
1471            </div>
1472        </div>
1473
1474        <div class="grid-container grid-parent">
1475            <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 grid-parent" id="chronologically">
1476                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">2026</h2>
1477                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1478                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1479                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html">TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)</a>
1480                                 (WCD/ACP/AMT/ESSD/GMD/TC inter-journal SI)
1481                        </div>
1482                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1483                            01 Jul 2026&ndash;30 Jun 2031 | Martin Kohler (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), Claudia Acquistapace (University of Padua, Italy), and Graciela Raga (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico) | 
1484                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1406" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1406" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1406">Information</a>
1485                        </div>
1486                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1406" style="display: none">
1487                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1488                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1489                                    <div class="content" id="1406">
1490                                        <p>Several terrain-induced processes in the atmospheric boundary layer over mountains affect the transport and exchange of heat, momentum, moisture, aerosols, and trace constituents between the surface and the atmosphere and within the atmosphere.</p>
1491<p>TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment) is an international research program that aims at improving our understanding of these processes and their representation in numerical weather and climate prediction models. Measurements were collected in a north–south transect through the Alps using a range of different instruments as part of the 1-year-long TEAMx Observational Campaign between September 2024 and September 2025. To sample the mountain boundary layer at multiple spatial and temporal scales, observations from various platforms were combined: surface weather and eddy-covariance stations, surface-based remote sensing instruments, radiosoundings, drone-based measurements, and aircraft flights. The observational data were complemented by numerical modeling for process understanding and model development.</p>
1492<p>This special issue collects observational, modeling, and theoretical studies originating from the TEAMx research programme. In particular, we call for contributions that use data collected during the TEAMx Observational Campaign (TOC), use data collected during other TEAMx-related measurement campaigns (e.g., pre-campaign PC22, HEFEX), and result from funded projects endorsed by TEAMx. Idealized modeling studies and theoretical work dealing with meteorological processes in the mountain boundary layer and their parameterization are also welcome.</p>
1493                                    </div>
1494                                    <div class="row">
1495                                        <div class="col-auto">
1496                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1406"
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1498                                        </div>
1499                                        <div class="col text-right">
1500                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html" data-id="1406" style="display: none;">
1501                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1502                                            </a>
1503                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="TEAMx (Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains – programme and experiment)" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1406.html" data-id="1406" title="Copy to clipboard">
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1505                                            </a>
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1507                                    </div>
1508                                </div>
1509                            </div>
1510                    </div>
1511
1512                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1513                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1514                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html">Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution</a>
1515                                 (WCD/ESD/ESSD/GMD inter-journal SI)
1516                        </div>
1517                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1518                            20 May 2026&ndash;31 May 2028 | Chaim Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel), Stephanie Fiedler (Heidelberg University, Germany), and Graciela Raga (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico) | 
1519                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1401" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1401" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1401">Information</a>
1520                        </div>
1521                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1401" style="display: none">
1522                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1523                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1524                                    <div class="content" id="1401">
1525                                        <p>There is a crucial societal need to develop an integrated capability to understand, attribute, and predict annual to decadal changes in the Earth’s climate system, including capabilities for early warning of potential high-impact events and changes. To meet this need, the climate science community needs to provide actionable scientific information that meets the evolving needs of societies all over the world. This goal is shared by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Lighthouse Activity on Explaining and Predicting Earth System Change (EPESC) and by the WCRP’s core project Atmospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (APARC) Large Ensembles for Attribution of Dynamically-driven ExtRemes (LEADER) activity.</p>
1526<p>In pursuit of this goal, this special issue welcomes research that addresses prediction, projection, and attribution of phenomena and events acting on annual to decadal timescales. This includes evaluating existing and developing new methodologies to attribute and predict changes and extremes driven by the atmospheric or oceanic circulation. We also seek advances that can lead to more reliable quantitative attribution statements to support the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update and State of the Climate reports issued by the World Meteorological Organization and to improved projections.</p>
1527<p>While early warnings of changes in the Earth system are now potentially possible through, e.g., operational decadal predictions, there are several challenges: there is a lack of understanding of the dynamical mechanisms that enable such projections, and there is evidence that global models underestimate some predictable signals and that there are systematic discrepancies between simulated and observed trends.  The special issue seeks research that highlights these challenges and improves our understanding of the causes of regional climate changes, needed both to attribute recent events and to gain further confidence in forecasts.</p>
1528<p>A particular focus of this special issue is papers that analyze output from the Large Ensemble Single Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (LESFMIP; Smith et al., 2022), as these coordinated model experiments will enable the impacts of different external drivers to be isolated that otherwise would be buried under internal variability while also offering a testbed for methods to extract predictable signals with the correct amplitude.</p>
1529                                    </div>
1530                                    <div class="row">
1531                                        <div class="col-auto">
1532                                            <a href="#" class="show-hide triangle" data-hide="#info-chronologically-content-1401"
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1534                                        </div>
1535                                        <div class="col text-right">
1536                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html" data-id="1401" style="display: none;">
1537                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1538                                            </a>
1539                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Advances in annual to decadal prediction, projection, and attribution" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue760_1401.html" data-id="1401" title="Copy to clipboard">
1540                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1541                                            </a>
1542                                        </div>
1543                                    </div>
1544                                </div>
1545                            </div>
1546                    </div>
1547
1548                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1549                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1550                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html">Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa</a>
1551                                 (ACP/AMT/AR/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1552                        </div>
1553                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1554                            01 Jan 2026&ndash;31 Dec 2028 | Paola Formenti (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France), Hendrik Andersen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany), and Kirsten Elger (GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Germany) | 
1555                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1389" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1389" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1389">Information</a>
1556                        </div>
1557                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1389" style="display: none">
1558                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1559                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1560                                    <div class="content" id="1389">
1561                                        <p>The purpose of this special issue is the compilation of modelling and observational studies on the role of atmospheric aerosols in the life cycle and composition of fog and low clouds in southern Africa as well as their mutual links with climate and biogeochemistry.</p>
1562<p>The special issue is motivated by new results from the AeroFog project, focusing on the hyperarid coastal deserts of Namibia, on the western coast of southern Africa. AeroFog is based on two intensive, ground-based field deployments, which took place in May and September 2024 along the coast and in the desert, and the long-term monitoring and analysis of remote-sensing products. Observations, satellite measurements, and modelling address the aerosol radiative, chemical, and microphysical interactions relevant to fog as well as the meteorological fields and dynamical processes that influence aerosol emission, transport, and deposition. Building on the diverse expertise of scientists in both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres, AeroFog aims to develop a holistic understanding of the mechanisms by which nutrients and pollutants are found in fog and the effect of fog on the biogeochemistry of regional ecosystems. The special issue comprises papers with complementary goals so as to encourage the exchange of ideas among previous, current, and planned large-scale projects and activities in the region.</p>
1563                                    </div>
1564                                    <div class="row">
1565                                        <div class="col-auto">
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1568                                        </div>
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1570                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html" data-id="1389" style="display: none;">
1571                                                <i class="fas fa-lg fa-share-alt"></i>
1572                                            </a>
1573                                            <a class="desktop-share" href="#" data-title="Aerosol, fog, climate, and biogeochemistry in southern Africa" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue10_1389.html" data-id="1389" title="Copy to clipboard">
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1575                                            </a>
1576                                        </div>
1577                                    </div>
1578                                </div>
1579                            </div>
1580                    </div>
1581                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">2024</h2>
1582                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1583                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1584                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1307.html">Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) forcings and inputs &ndash; development, documentation, and evaluation</a>
1585                                 (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1586                        </div>
1587                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1588                            11 Mar 2024&ndash;31 Mar 2029 | ESSD topic editors | Coordinators: John Dunne (NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, United States), Helene Hewitt (Met Office, United Kingdom), and Eleanor O'Rourke (WCRP-CMIP International Project Office, United Kingdom) | 
1589                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1307" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1307" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1307">Information</a>
1590                        </div>
1591                            <div class="j-widget__max short_summary" id="info-chronologically-content-1307" style="display: none">
1592                                <div class="widget dark-border">
1593                                    <div class="legend journal-contentLinkColor">Information</div>
1594                                    <div class="content" id="1307">
1595                                        <p>The natural and anthropogenic climate drivers that impact Earth’s radiation balance, influencing climate states and <q>forcing</q> climate change are termed <q>climate forcing</q> agents. Globally representative forcing estimates are needed to drive Earth system models to simulate past and project future climate states. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) <a href="https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip7-task-teams/forcings/"target="_blank">Forcing Task Team</a> aims to identify, develop, document, and deliver forcings for next-generation models participating in the seventh phase of CMIP (CMIP7). This next phase is likely to be a core contribution to the IPCC seventh assessment cycle (AR7). The special issue welcomes papers documenting forcing data development and evaluation, along with those describing CMIP7 forcing characteristics (in contrast to previous versions). We also invite papers that quantify and assess uncertainties in the spatial and temporal forcing distributions and the influence of forcing on the evolution of climate states across Earth system model configurations.</p>
1596                                    </div>
1597                                    <div class="row">
1598                                        <div class="col-auto">
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1603                                            <a class="si-mobile-native-share" href="#" data-title="Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7) forcings and inputs &ndash; development, documentation, and evaluation" data-url="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1307.html" data-id="1307" style="display: none;">
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1613                    </div>
1614                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">2023</h2>
1615                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1616                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1617                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue365_1284.html">Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects (MIIPs) for the polar regions and beyond (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)</a>
1618                                 (GMD/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1619                        </div>
1620                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1621                            25 Sep 2023&ndash;indefinite | Gunilla Svensson (Stockholm University, Sweden), Matthew D. Shupe (University of Colorado Colorado Springs, United States), Felix Pithan (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany), and Ken Mankoff (Goddard Institute for Space Studies, United States) | 
1622                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-1284" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-1284" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-1284">Information</a>
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1628                                        <p>For this SI we welcome manuscripts on activities such as MIIPs – Model Intercomparison and Improvement Projects that target long-standing issues in the representation of small-scale processes in numerical weather prediction and climate models. The initiatives may have been taken during the 10-year Polar Prediction Project (PPP) that finished at the end of 2022 or during the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services (PCAPS
1628) both part of the WMO World Weather Research Program. These programs suggest an emphasis on processes that are especially important for the polar regions, but contributions that are relevant and important for model performance in other regions of the world are also welcome. Specific targets are the representation of stably stratified boundary layers, mixed-phase clouds and atmospheric coupling with snow and or ice-covered surfaces, sea-ice, ocean mixing etc.</p>
1629<p>The intention of this SI is to publish results from MIIPs that establish new and improved workflows to facilitate a more efficient path to improved process representation. This includes research-grade observations that are packaged in an easy-to-use format which combine high-frequency observations of the surface and the atmosphere above to be able to directly compare with the parameterizations used in models using time-step data. The Merged Data File (MDF) format that is defined for both observations and model output come with a series of tools that is transferable between models and observational data collections for both file production and analysis. The SI especially welcome contributions that build on, or further develop the MDF concept including new variables, types of data, sites or new analysis tools such as process-oriented diagnostics or insights in models using the targeted files.</p>
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1647                    </div>
1648                    <h2 class="group-special-issue">2013</h2>
1649                    <div class="grid-container grid-parent special-issue triangle_special_issues">
1650                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 title triangle-content">
1651                                <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue25_968.html">Oldest Ice: finding and interpreting climate proxies in ice older than 700 000 years</a>
1652                                 (TC/CP/ESSD inter-journal SI)
1653                        </div>
1654                        <div class="grid-100 tablet-grid-100 mobile-grid-100 date">
1655                            01 Jan 2013&ndash;31 Dec 2027 | ESSD editors | Coordinators: Thomas Blunier (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) and Reinhard Drews (University of Tübingen, Germany) | 
1656                            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="info-link show-hide" id="info-chronologically-link-968" data-show="#info-chronologically-content-968" data-hide="#info-chronologically-link-968">Information</a>
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1661                                    <div class="content" id="968">
1662                                        <p>The glacial–interglacial cyclicity of the climate system varied in the past, most notably during the transition from a 40 ka to a 100 ka world in the mid-Pleistocene. Gases trapped in Antarctic ice are the most direct access available to investigate the composition of the paleo-atmosphere of that age and processes related to climate variability. The International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS) Oldest Ice endeavour aims at obtaining an undisturbed ice-core record older than 1 Ma. In addition to ice cores, time slices of paleo-records, available, for example, in Antarctic blue-ice fields, provide further valuable information, which complements continuous time series based on ice cores. This special issue will assemble contributions dedicated to the preparatory phase of this global effort to obtain ice samples and time series older than 700 000 years. This includes a consideration of glaciogical and geophysical settings which allow the presence of old ice, results from pre-site surveys and modelling studies, aspects of ice-core and other sampling techniques and analyses, and requirements for drilling and core handling.</p>
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