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175					<h1 class="text-title-sm md:text-title-md lg:text-title-lg font-bold text-white text-trim">
176									
177										Two-Photon Microscopy (TPEF)
178												</h1>
179
180							<div class="text-subtitle-sm md:text-subtitle-md lg:text-subtitle-lg font-light text-white text-trim mt-4 md:mt-5">
181											
182												Illuminating Life in Depth
183															</div>
184						</div>
185</div>
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213	<div class="grid grid-cols-4 sm:grid-cols-12 container max-w-xs sm:max-w-xl md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-4xl xl:max-w-7xl mx-auto gap-4 sm:gap-5 md:gap-6 py-4">
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226				
227		        Seeing deeper, clearer, gentler
228        	</h2>
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254<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>The most fascinating biological processes often happen deep inside living tissue, which light normally cannot reach due to scattering and absorption. Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy (TPEF) breaks this barrier, allowing scientists to image intact organisms, live cells, and even neuronal networks hundreds of micrometers beneath the surface — without damage or distortion.</p>
255<p>Two-photon microscopy combines the precision of laser scanning with the power of nonlinear optics to visualize with sub-cellular resolution in depth, in 3D, and in real-time.<br />And at the heart of this revolutionary imaging technique lies the femtosecond laser — delivering pulses of light ultra-short and intense enough to excite fluorescence with two photons at once.</p></div>
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290				
291		        The principle: Two photons, one excitation
292        	</h2>
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323	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%202-photon-microscopy_16x9_w2560.1d7f878d.webp 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%[email protected] 2x" width="640" height="357" type="image/webp" />
324	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%202-photon-microscopy_16x9_w2560.ac22714e.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%[email protected] 2x" width="640" height="357" type="image/png" />
325	<img src="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%202-photon-microscopy_16x9_w2560.ac22714e.png" width="640" height="357" alt="Image: Dr. Hans-Ulrich Fried, DZNE Bonn, Germany" title="Image: Dr. Hans-Ulrich Fried, DZNE Bonn, Germany" loading="lazy" srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%202-photon-microscopy_16x9_w2560.ac22714e.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/892/image-thumb__892__product-head/application_TOPTICA_%[email protected] 2x" />
326</picture>
327
328                                        <figcaption class="mt-3 text-sm text-gray-400 italic">Image: Dr. Hans-Ulrich Fried, DZNE Bonn, Germany</figcaption>
329                </figure>
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345<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>In conventional (single-photon) fluorescence microscopy, a fluorophore absorbs a single high-energy photon to reach its excited state.<br />In two-photon microscopy, the same excitation occurs through the simultaneous absorption of two photons of lower energy — typically in the near-infrared (NIR) region.</p>
346<p>The likelihood of two-photon absorption is intensity dependent and it can only happen at the focal point of a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam.<br />As a result:</p>
347<ul>
348<li>Excitation is confined to a tiny focal volume, eliminating the need for a pinhole or confocal aperture in the detection scheme.</li>
349<li>Photobleaching and photodamage outside the focus are drastically reduced.</li>
350<li>Scattering is minimized, allowing imaging much deeper into biological tissue.</li>
351</ul></div>
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382<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>By scanning the focal point in three dimensions, researchers obtain high-resolution, optically sectioned images — just like in confocal microscopy, but with far greater depth and gentleness.</p></div>
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417				
418		        Why two-photon microscopy matters
419        	</h3>
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432<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>Two-photon microscopy has transformed biophotonics, neuroscience, and clinical imaging, offering a unique combination of optical sectioning, deep tissue penetration, and live-cell compatibility.</p>
433<p>Its key advantages include:</p>
434<ul>
435<li>Deeper penetration depth (up to 1 mm or even more)</li>
436<li>Reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching, ideal for live tissue imaging.</li>
437<li>No pinhole required — intrinsic optical sectioning from nonlinear excitation.</li>
438<li>Better signal-to-noise ratio in scattering tissue, even at large depths.</li>
439<li>Simultaneous multi-color excitation of different dyes or auto-fluorescence using a single femtosecond source.</li>
440</ul>
441<p>For these reasons, TPEF is now a standard technique in neuroscience, developmental biology, and intravital imaging — enabling researchers to study live systems as they function in real time.</p></div>
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476				
477		        Typical biological samples in two-photon imaging
478        	</h3>
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509	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920.e4774b9d.webp 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920@2x.e4774b9d.webp 2x" width="640" height="360" type="image/webp" />
510	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920.ab340c5e.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920@2x.ab340c5e.png 2x" width="640" height="360" type="image/png" />
511	<img src="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920.ab340c5e.png" width="640" height="360" alt="Data taken with FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber delivery on Bergamo® II Multiphoton Microscope (Green and red channel)" title="Data taken with FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber delivery on Bergamo® II Multiphoton Microscope (Green and red channel)" loading="lazy" srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920.ab340c5e.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1671/image-thumb__1671__product-head/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_typical-biological-samples_16x9_w1920@2x.ab340c5e.png 2x" />
512</picture>
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514                                        <figcaption class="mt-3 text-sm text-gray-400 italic">Data taken with FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber delivery on Bergamo® II Multiphoton Microscope (Green and red channel)</figcaption>
515                </figure>
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531<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>Two-photon microscopy excels at visualizing thick, living, or scattering samples that are challenging for conventional microscopy:</p>
532<ul>
533<li>Brain tissue – in vivo imaging of neuronal activity and synaptic dynamics.</li>
534<li>Zebrafish, Drosophila, or C. elegans embryos – developmental biology in transparent or semi-transparent organisms.</li>
535<li>Organoids and tissue explants – 3D model systems for organ development or disease.</li>
536<li>Vasculature and tumor microenvironments – blood flow, angiogenesis, and drug delivery.</li>
537<li>Skin and eye tissue – non-invasive optical biopsy and clinical imaging.</li>
538</ul>
539<p>The ability to visualize structures hundreds of micrometers deep in living samples has made two-photon microscopy indispensable for studying how cells, tissues, and networks behave in their natural context.</p></div>
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574				
575		        The power of femtosecond lasers
576        	</h3>
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589<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>To drive the nonlinear two-photon excitation process efficiently, the laser must deliver:</p>
590<ul>
591<li>High peak power (requiring typically femtosecond pulses).</li>
592<li>Diffraction-limited beam quality.</li>
593<li>Wavelength matching to the fluorophore’s absorption.</li>
594<li>A repetition rate matched to the fluorescent lifetime of the dye (typically 20-80 MHz)</li>
595</ul>
596<p>Femtosecond fiber lasers have become the preferred light source for TPEF due to their stability, compactness, and hands-free operation — outperforming traditional Ti:Sapphire lasers in reliability and maintenance effort.</p></div>
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631				
632		        Recommended fixed wavelengths and fluorophores
633        	</h3>
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647	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920.88fcd59d.webp 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920@2x.88fcd59d.webp 2x" width="1920" height="1080" type="image/webp" />
648	<source srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920.8693b156.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920@2x.8693b156.png 2x" width="1920" height="1080" type="image/png" />
649	<img src="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920.8693b156.png" width="1920" height="1080" alt="Most common markers matched to laser wavelength" title="Most common markers matched to laser wavelength" loading="lazy" srcset="/applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920.8693b156.png 1x, /applications/Life%20sciences%20and%20microscopy/Super-resolution-microscopy/two-photon-microscopy/1670/image-thumb__1670__full-width-keep-aspect/application-detail_TOPTICA_two-photon-counting_recommended-fixed-wavelength_16x9_w1920@2x.8693b156.png 2x" />
650</picture>
651
652                                        <figcaption class="mt-3 text-sm text-gray-400 italic">Most common markers matched to laser wavelength</figcaption>
653                </figure>
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683<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>Different fluorophores and fluorescent proteins require different excitation wavelengths.<br />Fixed-wavelength femtosecond fiber lasers at <strong>780 nm</strong>, <strong>920 nm</strong>, and <strong>1050 nm</strong> cover most common dyes or auto-fluorescent used probes in two-photon imaging:</p>
684<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1"><colgroup><col style="width: 20%;" /><col style="width: 40%;" /><col style="width: 40%;" /></colgroup>
685<tbody>
686<tr>
687<th><span style="margin-left: 15px;">Laser Wavelength</span></th>
688<th>Typical Fluorophores / Chromophores</th>
689<th>Application Examples</th>
690</tr>
691<tr>
692<td><strong><span style="margin-left: 15px;">780 nm</span></strong></td>
693<td>DAPI, Alexa Fluor 350, Fura-2, NADH</td>
694<td>Calcium imaging, DNA staining, metabolic imaging</td>
695</tr>
696<tr>
697<td><strong><span style="margin-left: 15px;">920 nm</span></strong></td>
698<td>GFP, Alexa Fluor 488, Oregon Green, GCaMP, Eosin, CFP, FAD</td>
699<td>Neuronal calcium imaging, cell tracking, metabolic imaging</td>
700</tr>
701<tr>
702<td><strong><span style="margin-left: 15px;">1050 nm</span></strong></td>
703<td>tdTomato, mCherry, Alexa 594, Rhodamine, RFP, mOrange</td>
704<td>Deep tissue red fluorescence imaging, dual-color imaging</td>
705</tr>
706</tbody>
707</table>
708<p>By selecting the appropriate wavelength, researchers can <strong>maximize signal strength, minimize tissue heating</strong>, and <strong>achieve optimal penetration depth</strong> for their specific application.</p></div>
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742	<h3 class="col-span-12 font-bold pb-[40px] lg:pb-[50px] text-heading-sm-sm md:text-heading-sm-md lg:text-heading-sm-lg mb-heading-sm md:mb-heading-md">
743				
744		        Fiber lasers – Simplicity meets stability
745        	</h3>
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758<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>TOPTICA’s femtosecond fiber lasers combine fixed, biologically relevant wavelengths with robust fiber architecture — providing plug-and-play operation for demanding research and clinical environments.<br />Compared to bulky, alignment-sensitive Ti:Sapphire or OPO systems, TOPTICA&#039;s femtosecond fiber lasers offer:</p>
759<ul>
760<li><a href="#">Clean Pulse Technology</a> for highest fluorescence image brightness. </li>
761<li>Software-control of the group delay dispersion (GDD) pre-compensation</li>
762<li>An integrated acousto-optic modulator (AOM).</li>
763<li>Extremely compact and passively-cooled.</li>
764<li>Seamless integration through optional fiber delivery with <a href="#">COOL<sup>AC</sup></a>.</li>
765<li>Fast, hands-off startup and no user alignment.</li>
766<li>Consistent performance across months of operation.</li>
767<li>No noise or vibration (due to passive air cooling)</li>
768</ul>
769<p>The laser systems with fiber delivery route the laser beam directly into the microscope via polarization-maintaining hollow-core fibers. This drastically simplifies experimental setups and minimizes drift or vibration sensitivity. With TOPTICA&#039;s<strong> </strong><a href="#">COOL<sup>AC</sup></a> the lasers offer hands-off, automated fiber coupling that eliminates manual alignment at installation, optimizes fiber coupling at the touch of a button, and monitors fiber coupling efficiency completely internally without the need for external tools or equipment. Especially, miniaturized two-photon microscopes like Mini2P, benefit from this laser technology.</p></div>
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790				
791		        Simplifying the path to clinical two-photon imaging
792        	</h3>
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805<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>Until recently, the complexity and cost of traditional ultrafast laser systems limited two-photon microscopy to specialized research labs.<br />Fiber-based femtosecond lasers are changing that paradigm — combining<strong> </strong>turnkey operation and robustness suitable for clinical and translational environments.</p>
806<p>This simplification is paving the way for clinical-grade two-photon imaging systems in dermatology, ophthalmology, histology, and endoscopy.</p>
807<h4><strong>Emerging Clinical Examples</strong></h4>
808<ul>
809<li>In vivo skin microscopy: Non-invasive imaging of collagen, elastin, and melanin structures in patients (see K. Montgomery, et al., <a class="external-link" target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-76908-7" rel="nofollow noopener">Handheld multiphoton and pinhole-free reflectance confocal microscopy enables noninvasive, real-time cross-sectional imaging in skin</a>; Nature (2024))</li>
810<li>Ophthalmic diagnostics: High-resolution imaging of retinal layers using near-infrared excitation</li>
811<li>Label-free pathology: Two-photon autofluorescence combined with SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) for real-time tissue characterization.</li>
812</ul>
813<p>The new generation of compact, fiber-coupled femtosecond lasers brings the promise of two-photon microscopy from the research bench to the clinical applications.</p></div>
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855				<span class="whitespace-nowrap text-trim">Contact an expert</span>
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894	<div class="border-b border-toptica-grey-4 pb-2 mb-5">
895		<h2 class="text-link-list-title font-bold text-white">
896							
897								Scientific References
898									</h2>
899	</div>
900
901						<ul>
902								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
903					<h3>
904						<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41318683/" linktype="direct" text="High-throughput two-photon volumetric brain imaging in freely moving mice" path="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41318683/" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">High-throughput two-photon volumetric brain imaging in freely moving mice</a>
905					</h3>
906											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
907						Long Qian, Yaling Liu, Yalan Chen, Jianglai Wu in Nat Commun. (November 2025)</p>
908									</li>
909								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
910					<h3>
911						<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501" linktype="direct" text="Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging" path="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501" target="_blank" title="Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging</a>
912					</h3>
913											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
914						Md Mobarak Karim et al., “Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging”, Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 30, Issue 6, 060501 (June 2025)</p>
915									</li>
916								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
917					<h3>
918						<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.515123" linktype="direct" text="Influence of laser pulse shape and cleanliness on two-photon microscopy" path="https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.515123" target="_blank" title="Influence of laser pulse shape and cleanliness on two-photon microscopy" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">Influence of laser pulse shape and cleanliness on two-photon microscopy</a>
919					</h3>
920											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
921						Shau Poh Chong and Peter Török, "Influence of laser pulse shape and cleanliness on two-photon microscopy," Opt. Continuum 3, 552-564 (2024)</p>
922									</li>
923								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
924					<h3>
925						<a href="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/neurophotonics/volume-10/issue-04/044303/Evaluation-of-compact-pulsed-lasers-for-two-photon-microscopy-using/10.1117/1.NPh.10.4.044303.full" linktype="direct" text="Evaluation of compact pulsed lasers for two-photon microscopy using a simple method for measuring two-photon excitation efficie
925ncy" path="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/neurophotonics/volume-10/issue-04/044303/Evaluation-of-compact-pulsed-lasers-for-two-photon-microscopy-using/10.1117/1.NPh.10.4.044303.full" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">Evaluation of compact pulsed lasers for two-photon microscopy using a simple method for measuring two-photon excitation efficiency</a>
926					</h3>
927											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
928						Samir Saidi, Matthew Shtrahman, “Evaluation of compact pulsed lasers for two-photon microscopy using a simple method for measuring two-photon excitation efficiency“, Neurophotonics, Vol. 10, Issue 4, 044303 (November 2023)</p>
929									</li>
930								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
931					<h3>
932						<a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00197-0#" linktype="direct" text="Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice" path="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00197-0#" target="_blank" title="Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice</a>
933					</h3>
934											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
935						W. Zong, et al., Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice, Cell https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.017 (2022)</p>
936									</li>
937								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
938					<h3>
939						<a href="https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-24-38979&id=464688" linktype="direct" text="High energy (&gt;40 nJ), sub-100 fs, 950 nm laser for two-photon microscopy" path="https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-24-38979&amp;id=464688" target="_blank" title="High energy (&gt;40 nJ), sub-100 fs, 950 nm laser for two-photon microscopy" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">High energy (&gt;40 nJ), sub-100 fs, 950 nm laser for two-photon microscopy</a>
940					</h3>
941											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
942						Ruihong Dai , et al., High energy (>40 nJ), sub-100 fs, 950 nm laser for two-photon microscopy, Optics Express, Vol. 29, Issue 24 (2021)</p>
943									</li>
944								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
945					<h3>
946						<a href="https://opg.optica.org/boe/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-9-5855" linktype="direct" text="Robust functional imaging of taste sensation with a Bessel beam" path="https://opg.optica.org/boe/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-9-5855" target="_blank" title="Robust functional imaging of taste sensation with a Bessel beam" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links">Robust functional imaging of taste sensation with a Bessel beam</a>
947					</h3>
948											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:9.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
949						J. Han, et al., Robust functional imaging of taste sensation with a Bessel beam, Biomedical Optics Express 12, 5855 (2021)</p>
950									</li>
951							</ul>
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995	<div class="border-b border-toptica-grey-4 pb-2 mb-5">
996		<h2 class="text-link-list-title font-bold text-white">
997							
998								Articles & Webinars
999									</h2>
1000	</div>
1001
1002						<ul>
1003								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
1004					<h3>
1005						<a href="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13856/1385603/Automated-femtosecond-fiber-delivery-for-multiphoton-microscopy/10.1117/12.3079745.short" linktype="direct" text="Automated femtosecond fiber delivery for multiphoton microscopy" path="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13856/1385603/Automated-femtosecond-fiber-delivery-for-multiphoton-microscopy/10.1117/12.3079745.short" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links">Automated femtosecond fiber delivery for multiphoton microscopy</a>
1006					</h3>
1007											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
1008						Laura Lohr and Joseph Mastron et al. in Proc. SPIE Paper 13856-12, Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXVI, Conference 13856 (2026)</p>
1009									</li>
1010								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
1011					<h3>
1012						<a href="https://events.photonics.com/Presentation.aspx?EID=40&PID=1753" linktype="direct" text="Automated Femtosecond Fiber Delivery for Multiphoton Microscopy" path="https://events.photonics.com/Presentation.aspx?EID=40&amp;PID=1753" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links">Automated Femtosecond Fiber Delivery for Multiphoton Microscopy</a>
1013					</h3>
1014											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
1015						Webinar, Luisa Hofmann, BioPhotonics (2025)</p>
1016									</li>
1017								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
1018					<h3>
1019						<a href="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12847/3002446/Femtosecond-fiber-delivery-at-920-nm-for-two-photon-microscopy/10.1117/12.3002446.full" linktype="direct" text="Femtosecond fiber delivery at 920 nm for two-photon microscopy" path="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12847/3002446/Femtosecond-fiber-delivery-at-920-nm-for-two-photon-microscopy/10.1117/12.3002446.full" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links">Femtosecond fiber delivery at 920 nm for two-photon microscopy</a>
1020					</h3>
1021											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
1022						Konrad Birkmeier, et al., Femtosecond fiber delivery at 920 nm for two-photon microscopy, Proc. SPIE 12847, Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXIV, 1284703 (12 March 2024)</p>
1023									</li>
1024								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
1025					<h3>
1026						<a href="https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content/article-do/simplifying-two-photon-microscopy" linktype="direct" text="Simplifying two-photon microscopy" path="https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content/article-do/simplifying-two-photon-microscopy" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links">Simplifying two-photon microscopy</a>
1027					</h3>
1028											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
1029						Dr. Max Eisele, Wiley (2020)</p>
1030									</li>
1031								<li class="text-white text-link-list-link mb-2">
1032					<h3>
1033						<a href="https://www.toptica.com/fileadmin/Editors_English/12_literature/02_biophotonics_microscopy_ultrafast/toptica_femtoFiber_ultra_920.pdf" linktype="direct" text="Next generation two-photon microscopy using the FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber laser" path="https://www.toptica.com/fileadmin/Editors_English/12_literature/02_biophotonics_microscopy_ultrafast/toptica_femtoFiber_ultra_920.pdf" target="_blank" class="leading-easy font-bold text-white hover:text-primary transition-colors" aria-describedBy="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links">Next generation two-photon microscopy using the FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber laser</a>
1034					</h3>
1035											<p id="link-description-main:2.content:19.content:1.links" class="text-white bg-transparent border-none outline-none w-full font-light leading-easy mb-9">
1036						Dr. Max Eisele, Bernhard Wolfring "Next generation two-photon microscopy using the FemtoFiber ultra 920 fiber laser" (2019)</p>
1037									</li>
1038							</ul>
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1071<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p><strong>TOPTICA Photonics:</strong><br /><em>Bringing the light that lets us see deeper - into life, into function, into future.</em></p></div>
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1106				
1107		        Recommended Products
1108        	</h2>
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loading=\&quot;lazy\&quot; srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20FD\/330\/image-thumb__330__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-fd_main.db1ee1ea.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20FD\/330\/image-thumb__330__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; \/&gt;\n&lt;\/picture&gt;\n&quot;,&quot;imageThumbnail&quot;:&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20FD\/330\/image-thumb__330__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-fd_main.db1ee1ea.png&quot;,&quot;headline&quot;:&quot;FemtoFiber ultra FD&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;div&gt;Femtosecond fiber laser with fiber delivery&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;\/products\/femtosecond-lasers\/femtofiber-ultra-fd&quot;},{&quot;image&quot;:&quot;&lt;picture class=\&quot;contents\&quot;&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.9760ec4a.webp 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/webp\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/png\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;img class=\&quot;w-full h-full object-contain object-center\&quot; src=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; alt=\&quot;TOPTICA FemtoFiber ultra 780 - Femtosecond fiber laser 780 nm\&quot; loading=\&quot;lazy\&quot; srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; \/&gt;\n&lt;\/picture&gt;\n&quot;,&quot;imageThumbnail&quot;:&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png&quot;,&quot;headline&quot;:&quot;FemtoFiber ultra 920&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;div&gt;Femtosecond fiber laser&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;\/products\/femtosecond-lasers\/femtofiber-ultra-920&quot;},{&quot;image&quot;:&quot;&lt;picture class=\&quot;contents\&quot;&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.9760ec4a.webp 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/webp\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/png\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;img class=\&quot;w-full h-full object-contain object-center\&quot; src=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; alt=\&quot;TOPTICA FemtoFiber ultra 780 - Femtosecond fiber laser 780 nm\&quot; loading=\&quot;lazy\&quot; srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; \/&gt;\n&lt;\/picture&gt;\n&quot;,&quot;imageThumbnail&quot;:&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png&quot;,&quot;headline&quot;:&quot;FemtoFiber ultra 1050&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;div&gt;Femtosecond fiber laser&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;\/products\/femtosecond-lasers\/femtofiber-ultra-1050&quot;},{&quot;image&quot;:&quot;&lt;picture class=\&quot;contents\&quot;&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-mini2p_main.f2d5f576.webp 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;155\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/webp\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-mini2p_main.f7c5487f.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;155\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/png\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;img class=\&quot;w-full h-full object-contain object-center\&quot; src=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-mini2p_main.f7c5487f.png\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;155\&quot; alt=\&quot;TOPTICA FemtoFiber ultra Mini2P - Femtosecond fiber laser for Mini2P 920 nm\&quot; loading=\&quot;lazy\&quot; srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-mini2p_main.f7c5487f.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; \/&gt;\n&lt;\/picture&gt;\n&quot;,&quot;imageThumbnail&quot;:&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20Mini2P\/335\/image-thumb__335__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra-mini2p_main.f7c5487f.png&quot;,&quot;headline&quot;:&quot;FemtoFiber ultra Mini2P&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;div&gt;Femtosecond fiber laser for Mini2P&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;\/products\/femtosecond-lasers\/femtofiber-ultra-mini2p&quot;},{&quot;image&quot;:&quot;&lt;picture class=\&quot;contents\&quot;&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.9760ec4a.webp 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/webp\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;source srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; type=\&quot;image\/png\&quot; \/&gt;\n\t&lt;img class=\&quot;w-full h-full object-contain object-center\&quot; src=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png\&quot; width=\&quot;240\&quot; height=\&quot;129\&quot; alt=\&quot;TOPTICA FemtoFiber ultra 780 - Femtosecond fiber laser 780 nm\&quot; loading=\&quot;lazy\&quot; srcset=\&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png 1x, \/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/[email protected] 2x\&quot; \/&gt;\n&lt;\/picture&gt;\n&quot;,&quot;imageThumbnail&quot;:&quot;\/lasers\/femtosecond-lasers\/FemtoFiber%20ultra%20920\/329\/image-thumb__329__related-products\/product_TOPTICA_femtofiber-ultra_b_main.18ca218a.png&quot;,&quot;headline&quot;:&quot;FemtoFiber ultra 780&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&lt;div&gt;Femtosecond fiber laser&lt;\/div&gt;&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;\/products\/femtosecond-lasers\/femtofiber-ultra-780&quot;}
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1291<div class='prose max-w-none prose-white prose-wysiwyg-links [&>*:first-child]:mt-0 use-icon'><p>TOPTICA Photonics develops and manufactures high-end laser systems for more than 25 years.</p></div>
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1301                    <div class="flex   h-full gap-10 justify-end items-end max-sm:justify-center max-sm:pt-5 lg:justify-between lg:items-start">
1302                        <div class="footer-navigation text-base gap-10 hidden lg:flex lg:pl-10">
1303                                                                                                    <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1304            <li>
1305                <a 
1306                    href="/company/responsibility/compliance" 
1307                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Responsibility</a>
1308            </li>
1309                                                <li>
1310                        <a 
1311                            href="/company/responsibility/compliance" 
1312                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Compliance</a>
1313                    </li>
1314                                    <li>
1315                        <a 
1316                            href="/company/responsibility/material-compliance" 
1317                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Material Compliance</a>
1318                    </li>
1319                                    <li>
1320                        <a 
1321                            href="/company/responsibility/quality-management" 
1322                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Quality Management</a>
1323                    </li>
1324                                    <li>
1325                        <a 
1326                            href="/company/responsibility/sustainability" 
1327                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Sustainability</a>
1328                    </li>
1329                                    </ul>
1330            <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1331            <li>
1332                <a 
1333                    href="https://join.toptica.com" 
1334                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Career</a>
1335            </li>
1336                                                <li>
1337                        <a 
1338                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en" 
1339                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">This is us</a>
1340                    </li>
1341                                    <li>
1342                        <a 
1343                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en/opportunities/your-opportunities" 
1344                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Your possibilities</a>
1345                    </li>
1346                                    <li>
1347                        <a 
1348                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en/jobs/job-offers" 
1349                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Jobs</a>
1350                    </li>
1351                                    </ul>
1352            <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1353            <li>
1354                <a 
1355                    href="/contact-us" 
1356                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Contact</a>
1357            </li>
1358                                                <li>
1359                        <a 
1360                            href="/request-a-quotation" 
1361                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Request a quotation</a>
1362                    </li>
1363                                    <li>
1364                        <a 
1365                            href="/request-a-demo" 
1366                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Request a demo</a>
1367                    </li>
1368                                    <li>
1369                        <a 
1370                            href="/contact-an-expert" 
1371                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Talk to an expert</a>
1372                    </li>
1373                                    <li>
1374                        <a 
1375                            href="https://www.toptica.com/beat-the-clock/" 
1376                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Bored?</a>
1377                    </li>
1378                                    </ul>
1379    
1380                            
1381                        </div>
1382                        <div class="footer-social">
1383                                <ul class="flex flex-nowrap list-none pl-0">
1384                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1385                <a 
1386                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1387                    href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/toptica-photonics/" target="_blank">
1388                                            
1389                                                                            
1390                        <svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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1401                        
1402                </a>
1403
1404            </li>
1405                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1406                <a 
1407                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1408                    href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TOPTICAPhotonics" target="_blank">
1409                                            
1410                                                                            
1411                        <svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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1423                </a>
1424
1425            </li>
1426                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1427                <a 
1428                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1429                    href="https://www.instagram.com/topticaphotonics/" target="_blank">
1430                                            
1431                                                                            
1432                        <svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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1444                </a>
1445
1446            </li>
1447            </ul>
1448
1449                        </div>
1450                    </div>
1451                </div>
1452            </div>
1453            <hr class="h-px my-30px bg-toptica-grey-5 border-0 lg:hidden">
1454            <div class="flex justify-between gap-10 max-sm:flex-col max-sm:gap-13 lg:hidden">
1455                                                            <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1456            <li>
1457                <a 
1458                    href="/company/responsibility/compliance" 
1459                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Responsibility</a>
1460            </li>
1461                                                <li>
1462                        <a 
1463                            href="/company/responsibility/compliance" 
1464                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">
1464Compliance</a>
1465                    </li>
1466                                    <li>
1467                        <a 
1468                            href="/company/responsibility/material-compliance" 
1469                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Material Compliance</a>
1470                    </li>
1471                                    <li>
1472                        <a 
1473                            href="/company/responsibility/quality-management" 
1474                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Quality Management</a>
1475                    </li>
1476                                    <li>
1477                        <a 
1478                            href="/company/responsibility/sustainability" 
1479                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Sustainability</a>
1480                    </li>
1481                                    </ul>
1482            <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1483            <li>
1484                <a 
1485                    href="https://join.toptica.com" 
1486                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Career</a>
1487            </li>
1488                                                <li>
1489                        <a 
1490                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en" 
1491                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">This is us</a>
1492                    </li>
1493                                    <li>
1494                        <a 
1495                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en/opportunities/your-opportunities" 
1496                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Your possibilities</a>
1497                    </li>
1498                                    <li>
1499                        <a 
1500                            href="https://join.toptica.com/en/jobs/job-offers" 
1501                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Jobs</a>
1502                    </li>
1503                                    </ul>
1504            <ul class="list-none pl-0 m-0 flex flex-col gap-5 mr-0 md:[&:last-child]:mr-10 lg:[&:last-child]:mr-0 lg:[&:not(:last-child)]:mr-7">
1505            <li>
1506                <a 
1507                    href="/contact-us" 
1508                    class="no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors text-base font-bold">Contact</a>
1509            </li>
1510                                                <li>
1511                        <a 
1512                            href="/request-a-quotation" 
1513                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Request a quotation</a>
1514                    </li>
1515                                    <li>
1516                        <a 
1517                            href="/request-a-demo" 
1518                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Request a demo</a>
1519                    </li>
1520                                    <li>
1521                        <a 
1522                            href="/contact-an-expert" 
1523                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Talk to an expert</a>
1524                    </li>
1525                                    <li>
1526                        <a 
1527                            href="https://www.toptica.com/beat-the-clock/" 
1528                            class="no-underline text-toptica-grey-2 hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors font-normal">Bored?</a>
1529                    </li>
1530                                    </ul>
1531    
1532                                        </div>
1533            <hr class="h-px my-30px bg-toptica-grey-5 border-0">
1534            <div class="flex flex-wrap justify-between items-left flex-col md:flex-row md:items-center md:flex-nowrap footer-meta">
1535                <div class="text-base text-toptica-grey-2 prose max-w-none">© 2026 TOPTICA Photonics SE</div>
1536                <div class="text-base prose max-w-none mt-2 md:mt-0">
1537                        <ul class="flex flex-wrap list-none pl-0 gap-5">
1538                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1539                <a 
1540                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1541                    href="https://www.toptica.com/company/legal/imprint">Imprint</a>
1542            </li>
1543                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1544                <a 
1545                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1546                    href="https://www.toptica.com/company/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a>
1547            </li>
1548                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1549                <a 
1550                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1551                    href="https://www.toptica.com/company/legal/terms">Terms of sale</a>
1552            </li>
1553                    <li class="mt-0 mb-1 pl-0 [&:not(:last-child)]:mr-3">
1554                <a 
1555                    class="text-xs text-toptica-grey-4 no-underline hover:text-primary focus:text-primary focus:outline-none transition-colors"
1556                    href="#">Cookies</a>
1557            </li>
1558            </ul>
1559
1560                </div>
1561            </div>
1562        </div>
1563    </div>
1564</section>
1565												</footer>
1566
1567		</div>
1568
1569		    
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1570        window.__JS_TRANSLATIONS__ = {"js.common.about-us":"About us","js.common.accessory":"Accessory","js.common.additional-information":"Additional Information","js.common.additional-information-placeholder":"Enter additional details or updates...","js.common.applications":"Applications","js.common.attach-document":"Attach a supporting document (optional)","js.common.career":"Career","js.common.categorize-request":"How would you categorize this request?","js.common.check-on-a-request":"Check on a Request","js.common.choose-file":"Choose file","js.common.choose-your-product":"Choose your product","js.common.clear-all":"Clear all","js.common.company":"Company","js.common.contact":"Contact","js.common.customer-service":"Customer service","js.common.details":"Details","js.common.download-area":"Download area","js.common.emission-wavelength":"Emission wavelength","js.common.enhance-your-work":"Enhance your work","js.common.error":"An error occurred","js.common.events-exhibitions":"Events & exhibitions","js.common.faq":"FAQ","js.common.femtosecond-lasers":"Femtosecond lasers","js.common.find-your-laser":"Find your laser","js.common.frequency-combs":"Frequency combs","js.common.fun":"Fun","js.common.guide-star-lasers":"Guide star lasers","js.common.headline":"Headline","js.common.history":"History","js.common.home":"Home","js.common.knowledge-center":"Knowledge center","js.common.laser":"Laser","js.common.laser-absorption-poster":"Laser absorption poster","js.common.laser-combiners":"Laser combiners","js.common.laser-diodes":"Laser diodes","js.common.lasers":"Lasers","js.common.lasers-accessories":"Lasers & Accessories","js.common.latest-news":"Latest news","js.common.leadership-team":"Leadership team","js.common.life-sciences":"Life sciences","js.common.literature":"Literature","js.common.lithography-microfabrication":"Lithography & microfabrication","js.common.loading":"Loading...","js.common.locking-driving-electronics":"Locking & driving electronics","js.common.manage-cookie-settings":"Manage Cookie Settings","js.common.micro-m":"\u00b5m","js.common.molecular-absorption-wall-art":"Molecular absorption wall art","js.common.my-toptica-login":"My TOPTICA - login","js.common.narrow-linewidth-lasers":"Narrow linewidth lasers","js.common.news-events":"News & events","js.common.nm":"nm","js.common.no-faq-items-available":"No FAQ items available","js.common.no-products-found":"No products found","js.common.no-slides-found":"No slides found. 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1570ssories","js.form.common.accessories.fiberout.label":"FiberOut - Fiber Output Coupler","js.form.common.accessories.fiberout.value":"FiberOut - Fiber Output Coupler","js.form.common.accessories.iwave.label":"iWave Add-On for iBeam smart","js.form.common.accessories.iwave.value":"iWave Add-On for iBeam smart","js.form.common.accessories.powersupply.label":"Power supply for iBeam smart","js.form.common.accessories.powersupply.value":"Power supply for iBeam smart","js.form.common.accessories.smartdock.description":"Coupling efficiency typ. 75%","js.form.common.accessories.smartdock.label":"SmartDock - Fiber Coupler for iBeam smart","js.form.common.accessories.smartdock.value":"SmartDock - Fiber Coupler for iBeam smart","js.form.common.application":"Application","js.form.common.application.placeholder":"Please select your application","js.form.common.application.required":"Application is required","js.form.common.category":"Category","js.form.common.city":"City","js.form.common.company":"Company \/ Institute","js.form.common.company.required":"Company \/ Institute is required","js.form.common.complete-selection":"Please complete your selection","js.form.common.country":"Country","js.form.common.country.defaultOption":"Please select your country","js.form.common.country.required":"Country is required","js.form.common.email":"E-Mail","js.form.common.email.already-subscribed":"E-mail already subscribed to newsletter","js.form.common.email.invalid":"Please enter a valid email address.","js.form.common.email.required":"Email is required","js.form.common.email.wrongFormat":"Wrong Email Format","js.form.common.exhibitionAppointment":"Please contact me to arrange an appointment during the exhibition","js.form.common.firstname":"First Name","js.form.common.guestTicket":"Please send me a guest ticket","js.form.common.lastname":"Last Name","js.form.common.lastname.required":"Last Name is required","js.form.common.message":"Message","js.form.common.message.placeholder":"Your message to us","js.form.common.message.required":"Message is required","js.form.common.name":"Name","js.form.common.options":"Options","js.form.common.options.cleanup-filter.label":"iBeam smart - CleanUp-Filter Add-On","js.form.common.options.cleanup-filter.value":"iBeam smart - CleanUp-Filter Add-On","js.form.common.options.pulse-option.label":"iBeam smart - Pulse Option","js.form.common.options.pulse-option.value":"iBeam smart - Pulse Option","js.form.common.options.wavelength-selection.label":"iBeam smart - Wavelength selection","js.form.common.options.wavelength-selection.value":"iBeam smart - Wavelength selection","js.form.common.personal-info":"Personal Information","js.form.common.productname":"Product Name","js.form.common.productvariant":"Product Variant","js.form.common.productvariant.defaultOption":"Please select a product variant","js.form.common.provide-update":"Provide an update","js.form.common.provide-update-description":"Have additional information? 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Please try again.","js.form.common.submit-success":"Submitted Successfully","js.form.common.success-message":"Successfully sent!","js.form.common.talkto":"Talk to","js.form.common.talkto-options.im-not-sure-surprise-me":"I'm not sure \u2026 surprise me ;-)","js.form.common.talkto-options.life-sciences-expert":"Life sciences expert","js.form.common.talkto-options.measurement-and-processing-expert":"Measurement and processing expert","js.form.common.talkto-options.quantum-technologies-expert":"Quantum technologies expert","js.form.common.telephone":"Telephone","js.form.common.terms.label":"I accept the Privacy Policy","js.form.common.terms.required":"You must accept the Privacy Policy","js.form.common.update-success":"Request updated successfully!","js.form.common.validation-error":"Please correct the errors in the form.","js.form.common.zip":"Zip Code","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.configure-your-own-t-rack":"Configure your own T-RACK","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.height-units-used":"Height units used:","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdfc-description":"Modular Difference Frequency Comb System","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdfc-features.1":"Compact, robust, high-end and convenient","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdfc-features.2":"Wavelength coverage: 420 - 2000 nm","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdl-pro-description":"Modular Tunable Single-Mode Diode Laser Unit","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdl-pro-features.1":"Supporting up to 4 ECDL or DFB laser modules","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mdl-pro-features.2":"Wavelength coverage: 369 .. 1770 nm","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mom-description":"Modular Opto-Mechanics Breadboard Unit","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mom-features.1":"Optical breadboard for custom solutions","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mom-features.2":"Vibration isolation and pull-out mechanism","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mshg-pro-description":"Modular Frequency-Doubled Tunable Laser Unit","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mshg-pro-features.1":"Efficient frequency-doubling resonator design","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mshg-pro-features.2":"Wavelength coverage: 330 .. 780 nm","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mta-pro-description":"Modular Amplified Tunable Single-Mode Laser Unit","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mta-pro-features.1":"Supporting up to 2 amplified laser modules","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.mta-pro-features.2":"Wavelength coverage: 660 .. 1770 nm","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.rack-units-left":"Rack units left:","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.wavelength-meter-description":"Rack-Mountable HighFinesse Wavelength Meter","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.wavelength-meter-features.1":"Best absolute accuracy down to 2 MHz","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.wavelength-meter-features.2":"Wavelength coverage: 192 nm .. 11 \u03bc","js.form.laserrackconfiguration.your-configuration":"Your configuration:","js.form.newslettersubscription.info":"You have to specify your e-mail address to register for TOPTICA's newsletter. All other information is optional.","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.fiberout.description.option-1":"Fiber collimator with variable focus","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.fiberout.description.option-2":"Including collimation lens","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.fiberout.description.option-3":"Typical beam sizes out of SM-fibers: 0.6 mm - 3.5 mm (1\/e\u00b2, diameter)","
1570js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.iwave.description.option-1":"Available for iBeam smart 375nm - 515nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.iwave.description.option-2":"Add-On will reduce linewidth to typ. &gt; 0.1nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.iwave.description.option-3":"With add-on, the output power will be typically 50% of original iBeam smart power specification.","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.powersupply.description.option-1":"Available for iBeam smart 375nm - 515nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.powersupply.description.option-2":"Add-On will reduce linewidth to typ. < 0.1nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.powersupply.description.option-3":"With add-on, the output power will be typically 50% of original iBeam smart power specification.","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.accessories.smartdock.description":"Coupling efficiency typ. 75%","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.cleanup-filter.description.option-1":"Available at 405 nm, 488 nm and 640 nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.cleanup-filter.description.option-2":"Typical bandwidth: 6-10 nm","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.pulse-option.description.option-1":"Allows external asynchronous digital modulation","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.pulse-option.description.option-2":"Modulation bandwidth up to 250 MHz","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.wavelength-selection.description.option-1":"Emission wavelength will be selected to better than \u00b1 1 nm within the standard wavelength range of the laser system","js.form.requestiBeamSmart.options.wavelength-selection.description.option-2":"PLEASE NOTE: please inquire, to make sure actual center wavelength is available! Increased lead-time is probable.","js.helpspot.submit-request.access-key":"Your Access Key","js.helpspot.submit-request.access-key-description":"The access key provided above can be used to check the status of your request. For quick access to updates bookmark this page.","js.helpspot.submit-request.description":"Please complete the form below detailing your request and a member of our support staff will respond as soon as possible.","js.helpspot.submit-request.label":"I agree to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.toptica.com\/toptica\/privacy-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"text-primary underline hover:text-primary\">Privacy Policy<\/a>","js.helpspot.submit-request.phone":"Phone","js.helpspot.submit-request.request-details":"Request Details","js.helpspot.submit-request.required-field":"Please complete your selection","js.helpspot.submit-request.success":"Request submitted successfully!","js.helpspot.submit-request.title":"Submit a Request for Assistance"};
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