PageSourceSearch

https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/geosciences/

html isska.ch collected 2026-10-02 04:24:02 UTC 111,785 bytes, 1,759 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="fr-FR">
3    <head>
4        <meta charset="UTF-8">
5        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6                <title>Géosciences - Institut suisse de spéléologie et de karstologie</title>
7<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
8<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' />
9<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Institut suisse de spéléologie et de karstologie &raquo; Flux" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/feed/" />
10<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Institut suisse de spéléologie et de karstologie &raquo; Flux des commentaires" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/comments/feed/" />
11<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isska.ch%2Ffr%2Fcompetences%2Fgeosciences%2F" />
12<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isska.ch%2Ffr%2Fcompetences%2Fgeosciences%2F&#038;format=xml" />
13
14<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">
15
16	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
17		display: inline !important;
18		border: none !important;
19		box-shadow: none !important;
20		height: 1em !important;
21		width: 1em !important;
22		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
23		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
24		background: none !important;
25		padding: 0 !important;
26	}
27/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
28</style>
29<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
30:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
30--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
31
32/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
33</style>
34<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
35/*! This file is auto-generated */
36.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
37/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
38</style>
39
40<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
41:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
410) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
41.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
42/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
43</style>
44
45<link rel='stylesheet' id='dnd-upload-cf7-css' href='https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/assets/css/dnd-upload-cf7.css?ver=1.4.0' media='all' />
46<link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.1.7' media='all' />
47<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpa-css-css' href='https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/honeypot/includes/css/wpa.css?ver=2.4.02' media='all' />
48<link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-language-switcher-v2-css' href='https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-language-switcher-v2.css?ver=3.3.6' media='all' />
49<style id="wp-typography-custom-inline-css">
50sub, sup{font-size: 75%;line-height: 100%}sup{vertical-align: 60%}sub{vertical-align: -10%}.amp{font-family: Baskerville, "Goudy Old Style", Palatino, "Book Antiqua", "Warnock Pro", serif;font-size: 1.1em;font-style: italic;font-weight: normal;line-height: 1em}.caps{font-size: 90%}.dquo{margin-left: -0.4em}.quo{margin-left: -0.2em}.pull-single{margin-left: -0.15em}.push-single{margin-right: 0.15em}.pull-double{margin-left: -0.38em}.push-double{margin-right: 0.38em}
51/*# sourceURL=wp-typography-custom-inline-css */
52</style>
53<style id="wp-typography-safari-font-workaround-inline-css">
54body {-webkit-font-feature-settings: "liga";font-feature-settings: "liga";-ms-font-feature-settings: normal;}
55/*# sourceURL=wp-typography-safari-font-workaround-inline-css */
56</style>
57<link href="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/themes/yootheme/css/theme.1.css?ver=1789979891" rel="stylesheet">
58<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 58
58
59<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 59
59
60<script id="trp-language-switcher-js-v2-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/js/trp-frontend-language-switcher.js?ver=3.3.6"></script>
60
61
62<!-- Extrait de code de la balise Google (gtag.js) ajouté par Site Kit -->
63<!-- Extrait Google Analytics ajouté par Site Kit -->
vendor: 80 bytes, lines 63-64
63
64<script id="google_gtagjs-js" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
64GT-NFXRGDJL
vendor: 18 bytes, line 64
64" async></script>
65<script id="google_gtagjs-js-after">
66window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
67gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["www.isska.ch"]});
68gtag("js", new Date());
69gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true);
70gtag("config", "GT-NFXRGDJL");
71 window._googlesitekit = window._googlesitekit || {}; window._googlesitekit.throttledEvents = []; window._googlesitekit.gtagEvent = (name, data) => { var key = JSON.stringify( { name, data } ); if ( !! window._googlesitekit.throttledEvents[ key ] ) { return; } window._googlesitekit.throttledEvents[ key ] = true; setTimeout( () => { delete window._googlesitekit.throttledEvents[ key ]; }, 5 ); gtag( "event", name, { ...data, event_source: "site-kit" } ); }; 
72//# sourceURL=google_gtagjs-js-after
73</script>
73
74<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/1526" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.isska.ch/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
75<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1.2" />
76<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/geosciences/" />
77<link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.isska.ch/fr/?p=1526' />
78<meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.188.0" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/geosciences/"/>
79<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-CH" href="https://www.isska.ch/de/kompetenzen/geosciences/"/>
80<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://www.isska.ch/en/skills/geosciences/"/>
81<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/geosciences/"/>
82<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.isska.ch/de/kompetenzen/geosciences/"/>
83<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.isska.ch/en/skills/geosciences/"/>
84<link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/logoisska_Blanc_sanslettre_512x512.png" sizes="any">
85<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-logoisska_Blanc_sanslettre_512x512.png">
85<script src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/themes/yootheme/vendor/assets/uikit/dist/js/uikit.min.js?ver=5.0.44"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 85
85
86<script src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/themes/yootheme/vendor/assets/uikit/dist/js/uikit-icons-trek.min.js?ver=5.0.44"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 86
86
87<script src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/themes/yootheme/assets/site/js/theme.js?ver=5.0.44"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 87
87
88<script>window.yootheme ||= {}; yootheme.theme = {"i18n":{"close":{"label":"Fermer","0":"yootheme"},"totop":{"label":"Back to top","0":"yootheme"},"marker":{"label":"Open","0":"yootheme"},"navbarToggleIcon":{"label":"Ouvrir le menu","0":"yootheme"},"paginationPrevious":{"label":"Page pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente","0":"yootheme"},"paginationNext":{"label":"Page suivante","0":"yootheme"},"searchIcon":{"toggle":"Ouvrir la recherche","submit":"Envoyer la recherche"},"slider":{"next":"Diapositive suivant","previous":"Diapositive pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente","slideX":"Diapositive %s","slideLabel":"%s sur %s"},"slideshow":{"next":"Diapositive suivant","previous":"Diapositive pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente","slideX":"Diapositive %s","slideLabel":"%s sur %s"},"lightboxPanel":{"next":"Diapositive suivant","previous":"Diapositive pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente","slideLabel":"%s sur %s","close":"Fermer"}}};</script>
88
89<link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/logoisska_Blanc_sanslettre_512x512.png" sizes="any">
90<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/cropped-logoisska_Blanc_sanslettre_512x512.png">
91    </head>
92    <body class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-1526 page-child parent-pageid-189 wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-yootheme translatepress-fr_FR">
93
94        
95        <div class="uk-hidden-visually uk-notification uk-notification-top-left uk-width-auto">
96            <div class="uk-notification-message">
97                <a href="#tm-main" class="uk-link-reset">Skip to main content</a>
98            </div>
99        </div>
100
101        
102        
103        <div class="tm-page">
104
105                        
106
107
108<header class="tm-header-mobile uk-hidden@m">
109
110
111        <div uk-sticky show-on-up animation="uk-animation-slide-top" cls-active="uk-navbar-sticky" sel-target=".uk-navbar-container">
112    
113        <div class="uk-navbar-container">
114
115            <div class="uk-container uk-container-expand">
116                <nav class="uk-navbar" uk-navbar="{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;container&quot;:&quot;.tm-header-mobile &gt; [uk-sticky]&quot;,&quot;boundary&quot;:&quot;.tm-header-mobile .uk-navbar-container&quot;}">
117
118                                        <div class="uk-navbar-left ">
119
120                                                    <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/" aria-label="Retourner à l'accueil" class="uk-logo uk-navbar-item">
121    <picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/18/Transparant_detourage_blanc-18db9374.webp 180w" sizes="(min-width: 90px) 90px"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/dd/Transparant_detourage_blanc-dd7e86f9.png" width="90" height="71" alt="ISSKA - SISKA"></picture></a>                        
122                        
123                        
124                    </div>
125                    
126                    
127                                        <div class="uk-navbar-right">
128
129                                                                            
130                                                    
131
132    <a class="uk-navbar-toggle" href="#search-container-8" uk-search-icon uk-toggle></a>
133
134    <div uk-modal id="search-container-8" class="uk-modal">
135        <div class="uk-modal-dialog uk-modal-body">
136
137            
138            
139                <form action="https://www.isska.ch/fr/" method="get" role="search" class="uk-search uk-width-1-1 uk-search-medium"><span uk-search-icon></span><input name="s" placeholder="Rechercher" required aria-label="Rechercher" type="search" class="uk-search-input" autofocus></form>
140                
141            
142        </div>
143    </div>
144
145<a uk-toggle href="#tm-dialog-mobile" class="uk-navbar-toggle" aria-controls="tm-dialog-mobile">
146
147        
148        <div uk-navbar-toggle-icon></div>
149
150        
151    </a>                        
152                    </div>
153                    
154                </nav>
155            </div>
156
157        </div>
158
159        </div>
160    
161
162
163
164    
165    
166        <div id="tm-dialog-mobile" class="uk-dropbar uk-dropbar-top" uk-drop="{&quot;flip&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;container&quot;:&quot;.tm-header-mobile &gt; [uk-sticky]&quot;,&quot;target-y&quot;:&quot;.tm-header-mobile .uk-navbar-container&quot;,&quot;mode&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;target-x&quot;:&quot;.tm-header-mobile .uk-navbar-container&quot;,&quot;stretch&quot;:true,&quot;pos&quot;:&quot;bottom-left&quot;,&quot;bgScroll&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;reveal-top&quot;,&quot;animateOut&quot;:true,&quot;duration&quot;:300,&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}">
167
168        <div class="tm-height-min-1-1 uk-flex uk-flex-column">
169
170            
171                        <div class="uk-margin-auto-bottom uk-text-center">
172                
173<div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1" uk-grid>    <div>
174<div class="uk-panel">
175
176    
177    <ul class="uk-grid uk-flex-inline uk-flex-middle uk-flex-nowrap uk-grid-medium">                    <li><a href="https://twitter.com/isska_siska" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-link" rel="noreferrer"><span uk-icon="icon: twitter;"></span></a></li>
178                    <li><a href="https://ch.linkedin.com/company/isska-institut-suisse-de-speleologie-et-de-karstologie" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-link" rel="noreferrer"><span uk-icon="icon: linkedin;"></span></a></li>
179                    <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/isska_siska/" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-link" rel="noreferrer"><span uk-icon="icon: instagram;"></span></a></li>
180                    <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@isska3345" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-link" rel="noreferrer"><span uk-icon="icon: youtube;"></span></a></li>
181            </ul>
182</div>
183</div>    <div>
184<div class="uk-panel widget widget_nav_menu" id="nav_menu-5">
185
186    
187    
188<ul class="uk-nav uk-nav-default uk-nav-accordion uk-nav-center" uk-nav="targets: &gt; .js-accordion" uk-scrollspy-nav="closest: li; scroll: true;">
189    
190	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/">PAGE D'ACCUEIL</a></li>
191	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>QUI SOMMES-NOUS? <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
192	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
193
194		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous">L'ISSKA</a></li>
195		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#equipe">Équipe</a></li>
196		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#rapports">Rapports annuels</a></li>
197		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#histoire">Histoire</a></li>
198		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#collaborations">Collaborations</a></li></ul></li>
199	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>COMPÉTENCES <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
200	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
201
202		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/geoscience/">Géoscience</a></li>
203		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/geocomputing">Géocomputing</a></li>
204		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/patrimoine">Patrimoine</a></li>
205		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/enseignement">Enseignement</a></li>
206		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/archeozoologie">Archéozoologie</a></li></ul></li>
207	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>PRESTATIONS <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
208	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
209
210		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/services-et-analyses/">Services et analyses</a></li>
211		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/consulting/">Consulting</a></li>
212		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/developpement/">Développement</a></li>
213		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/enseignement/">Enseignement</a></li></ul></li>
214	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>PROJETS FNS <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
215	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
216
217		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/thermokarst/">ThermoKarst</a></li>
218		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/cave-seds/">CaveSeds</a></li></ul></li>
219	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/excursions/">EXCURSIONS</a></li>
220	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/formulaire-de-commande-3/">SHOP</a></li></ul>
221
222</div>
223</div></div>            </div>
224            
225            
226        </div>
227
228    </div>
229    
230
231</header>
232
233
234
235
236<header class="tm-header uk-visible@m">
237
238
239
240        <div uk-sticky media="@m" cls-active="uk-navbar-sticky" sel-target=".uk-navbar-container">
241    
242        <div class="uk-navbar-container uk-navbar-primary">
243
244            <div class="uk-container">
245                <nav class="uk-navbar" uk-navbar="{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;container&quot;:&quot;.tm-header &gt; [uk-sticky]&quot;,&quot;boundary&quot;:&quot;.tm-header .uk-navbar-container&quot;}">
246
247                                        <div class="uk-navbar-left ">
248
249                                                    <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/" aria-label="Retourner à l'accueil" class="uk-logo uk-navbar-item">
250    <picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/09/Transparant_detourage_blanc-0913e25d.webp 120w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/e5/Transparant_detourage_blanc-e521f702.webp 240w" sizes="(min-width: 120px) 120px"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/5e/Transparant_detourage_blanc-5e74a784.png" width="120" height="95" alt="ISSKA - SISKA"></picture></a>                        
251                        
252                        
253                    </div>
254                    
255                    
256                                        <div class="uk-navbar-right">
257
258                                                    
259<div class="uk-navbar-item widget widget_search" id="search-8">
260
261    
262    
263
264    <form action="https://www.isska.ch/fr/" method="get" role="search" class="uk-search uk-search-navbar"><span uk-search-icon></span><input name="s" placeholder="Rechercher" required aria-label="Rechercher" type="search" class="uk-search-input"></form>
265    
266
267</div>
268<a uk-toggle href="#tm-dialog" aria-controls="tm-dialog" class="uk-navbar-toggle">
269
270                <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right uk-text-middle">Menu</span>
271        
272        <div uk-navbar-toggle-icon></div>
273
274        
275    </a>                        
276                                                                            
277                    </div>
278                    
279                </nav>
280            </div>
281
282        </div>
283
284        </div>
285    
286
287
288
289
290
291
292    
293    
294        <div id="tm-dialog" class="uk-dropbar uk-dropbar-large uk-dropbar-top" uk-drop="{&quot;flip&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;container&quot;:&quot;.tm-header &gt; [uk-sticky]&quot;,&quot;target-y&quot;:&quot;.tm-header .uk-navbar-container&quot;,&quot;mode&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;target-x&quot;:&quot;.tm-header .uk-navbar-container&quot;,&quot;stretch&quot;:true,&quot;pos&quot;:&quot;bottom-left&quot;,&quot;bgScroll&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;animateOut&quot;:true,&quot;duration&quot;:300,&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}">
295
296        <div class="tm-height-min-1-1 uk-flex uk-flex-column">
297
298            
299                        <div class="uk-margin-auto-bottom tm-height-expand uk-text-center">
300                
301<div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1" uk-grid>    <div>
302<div class="uk-panel widget widget_nav_menu" id="nav_menu-15">
303
304    
305    
306<ul class="uk-nav uk-nav-default uk-nav-accordion uk-nav-center" uk-nav="targets: &gt; .js-accordion" uk-scrollspy-nav="closest: li; scroll: true;">
307    
308	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/">PAGE D'ACCUEIL</a></li>
309	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>QUI SOMMES-NOUS? <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
310	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
311
312		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous">L'ISSKA</a></li>
313		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#equipe">Équipe</a></li>
314		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#rapports">Rapports annuels</a></li>
315		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#histoire">Histoire</a></li>
316		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous/#collaborations">Collaborations</a></li></ul></li>
317	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>COMPÉTENCES <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
318	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
319
320		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/geoscience/">Géoscience</a></li>
321		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/geocomputing">Géocomputing</a></li>
322		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/patrimoine">Patrimoine</a></li>
323		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/enseignement">Enseignement</a></li>
324		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/archeozoologie">Archéozoologie</a></li></ul></li>
325	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>PRESTATIONS <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
326	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
327
328		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/services-et-analyses/">Services et analyses</a></li>
329		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/consulting/">Consulting</a></li>
330		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/developpement/">Développement</a></li>
331		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/prestations/enseignement/">Enseignement</a></li></ul></li>
332	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children js-accordion uk-parent"><a href>PROJETS FNS <span uk-nav-parent-icon></span></a>
333	<ul class="uk-nav-sub">
334
335		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/thermokarst/">ThermoKarst</a></li>
336		<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/cave-seds/">CaveSeds</a></li></ul></li>
337	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/excursions/">EXCURSIONS</a></li>
338	<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/formulaire-de-commande-3/">SHOP</a></li></ul>
339
340</div>
341</div>    <div>
342<div class="uk-panel">
343
344    
345    <ul class="uk-grid uk-flex-inline uk-flex-middle uk-flex-nowrap uk-grid-medium">                    <li><a href="https://twitter.com/isska_siska" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-button" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: twitter;"></span></a></li>
346                    <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/isska_siska/" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-button" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: instagram;"></span></a></li>
347                    <li><a href="https://ch.linkedin.com/company/isska-institut-suisse-de-speleologie-et-de-karstologie" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-button" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: linkedin;"></span></a></li>
348                    <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@isska3345" class="uk-preserve-width uk-icon-button" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: youtube;"></span></a></li>
349            </ul>
350</div>
351</div></div>            </div>
352            
353            
354        </div>
355
356    </div>
357    
358
359
360</header>
361
362            
363            
364            <main id="tm-main">
365
366                <!-- Builder #page --><style class="uk-margin-remove-adjacent">#page\#0 .el-content{font-family: "Century Gothic", Verdana, sans-serif;}@media (max-width:759px){#page\#0 .el-content{margin: 10px 50px; width: 250px; position: relative; top: 180px;}}@media (min-width:760px){#page\#0 .el-content{margin: 10px 6px; width: 217px; position: relative; top: 104px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){#page\#0 .el-content{width: 260px; margin: 0px 40px; position: relative; top: 165px;}}@media (min-width:1600px){#page\#0 .el-content{margin-top: 250px;}}@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px){#page\#0 .el-content{margin-top: 130px;}}@media (max-width:759px){#page\#1{height: 370px;}}@media (min-width:760px){#page\#1{height: 275px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){#page\#1{height: 340px;}}@media (min-width:1600px){#page\#1{height: 580px;}}@media (min-width:1600px) and (max-height:1100px){#page\#1{height: 460px;}}@media (max-width: 759px){#page\#2{padding-top: 135px;}}@media (max-width: 759px) and (orientation:landscape){#page\#2{padding-top: 140px;}}#page\#2{font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;}@media (max-width: 759px){#appliquee{padding-top: 135px;}}@media (max-width: 759px) and (orientation:landscape){#appliquee{padding-top: 140px;}}#appliquee{font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;}#appliquee{margin-top: -100px;}#page\#3{text-align: justify; font-family: 'Century Gothic', Verdana, sans-serif;}#Fondamentale{margin-top: -50px;}</style>
367<div id="page#1" class="uk-section-default">
368        <div class="uk-background-norepeat uk-background-cover uk-background-center-center uk-section uk-section-large" data-sources="[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/webp&quot;,&quot;srcset&quot;:&quot;\/wp-content\/uploads\/yootheme\/cache\/5c\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-5c49f12f.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/index.php?yootheme=cache\/1f\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-1f7fcf09.webp&amp;src=wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled.jpg&amp;thumbnail=1024,362,&amp;type=webp,85&amp;hash=5578d45c 1024w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/yootheme\/cache\/e1\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-e1104953.webp 1366w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/yootheme\/cache\/e1\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-e1dac158.webp 1600w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/yootheme\/cache\/45\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-4555eb47.webp 1920w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/yootheme\/cache\/03\/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled-03cf3237.webp 2560w&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:&quot;(max-aspect-ratio: 2560\/904) 283vh&quot;}]" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CreteVaas_2023_RW_5-scaled.jpg" uk-img>    
369        
370        
371        
372            
373                                <div class="uk-container">                
374                    
375<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-child-width-1-1">
376    
377        
378<div class="uk-width-1-1">
379    
380        
381            
382            
383            
384                
385                    
386<div id="page#0" class="uk-margin uk-text-center">
387        <div class="uk-flex-middle uk-grid-column-collapse uk-grid-row-small uk-child-width-auto uk-flex-center" uk-grid>    
388    
389                <div class="el-item">
390        
391        
392<a class="el-content uk-button uk-button-primary" href="https://www.isska.ch/qui-sommes-nous">
393    
394        Qui sommes-nous&nbsp;?    
395    
396</a>
397
398
399                </div>
400        
401    
402                <div class="el-item">
403        
404        
405<a class="el-content uk-button uk-button-primary" href="https://www.isska.ch/competences/">
406    
407        Com­pé­tences    
408    
409</a>
410
411
412                </div>
413        
414    
415                <div class="el-item">
416        
417        
418<a class="el-content uk-button uk-button-primary" href="https://www.isska.ch/prestations/">
419    
420        Pres­ta­tions    
421    
422</a>
423
424
425                </div>
426        
427    
428        </div>    
429</div>
430
431                
432            
433        
434    
435</div>
436    
437</div>
438                                </div>                
439            
440        
441        </div>
442    
443</div>
444<div id="page#2" class="uk-section-default uk-section">
445    
446        
447        
448        
449            
450                                <div class="uk-container">                
451                    
452<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-child-width-1-1">
453    
454        
455<div class="uk-width-1-1">
456    
457        
458            
459            
460            
461                
462                    
463
464<nav aria-label="Fil d'ariane" class="uk-visible@s">
465    <ul class="uk-breadcrumb uk-margin-remove-bottom" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList">
466    
467            <li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem">            <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Accueil</span></a>
468            <meta property="position" content="1">
469            </li>    
470            <li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem">            <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Com­pé­tences</span></a>
471            <meta property="position" content="2">
472            </li>    
473            <li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem">            <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/geosciences/" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Géos­ciences</span></a>
474            <meta property="position" content="3">
475            </li>    
476    </ul>
477</nav>
478
479<h1>
480    
481        
482                    Géosciences        
483        
484    
485</h1><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>L’ISSKA mène une acti­vi­té scien­ti­fique dans les dif­fé­rents domaines liés au karst&nbsp;: géo­lo­gie, hydro­géo­lo­gie, géo­mor­pho­lo­gie, paléo­cli­ma­to­lo­gie.
486Les connais­sances acquises et les com­pé­tences déve­lop­pées au sein de l’Institut, depuis plus de vingt ans nous per­mettent d’intervenir sur toutes les pro­blé­ma­tiques qui peuvent sur­ve­nir lors de la conduite de pro­jets en milieu kars­tique.<br> 
487L’ISSKA porte et par­ti­cipe aus­si bien à des pro­jets très apli­qués, liés par exemple au per­ce­ment de tun­nels, qu’à des pro­jets de recherche fon­da­men­tale, notam­ment en accueillant et enca­drant des doc­to­rants et post­doc­to­rants.
488</p></div>
489                
490            
491        
492    
493</div>
494    
495</div>
496                                </div>                
497            
498        
499    
500</div>
501<div id="appliquee" class="uk-section-default uk-section">
502    
503        
504        
505        
506            
507                                <div class="uk-container">                
508                    
509<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="ressource">
510    
511        
512<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
513    
514        
515            
516            
517            
518                
519                    
520<h2>
521    
522        
523                    Recherche appliquée        
524        
525    
526</h2>
527<h3>
528    
529        
530                    Ressources en eau        
531        
532    
533</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Les eaux sou­ter­raines repré­sentent l’essentiel des res­sources en eau en milieux cal­caires. Ces res­sources sont sou­vent de bonne qua­li­té et en quan­ti­té suf­fi­sante, mais la dif­fi­cul­té reste leur acces­si­bi­li­té.
534Loca­li­ser et dimen­sion­ner des ouvrages de pro­duc­tion d’eau en fonc­tion de l’adéquation entre besoins et res­sources dis­po­nibles néces­site une connais­sance préa­lable du milieu et des inves­ti­ga­tions spé­ci­fiques.
535L’ISSKA apporte des solu­tions pour la recherche, l’exploitation, la ges­tion et la pro­tec­tion des eaux sou­ter­raines en milieu cal­caire.
536</p></div>
537<h5>
538    
539        
540                    Ressources        
541        
542    
543</h5>
544<div class="uk-margin">
545    
546    
547        
548        
549<a class="el-content uk-width-1-1 uk-button uk-button-primary uk-flex-inline uk-flex-center uk-flex-middle" href="https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/fr/sd-web/972UprvsWxTX/UW-2510-F_EPIK.pdf">
550        <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right" uk-icon="file-text"></span>    
551        Méthode de car­to­gra­phie de la vul­né­ra­bi­li­té    
552    
553</a>
554
555
556        
557    
558    
559</div>
560
561<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
562    <div class="uk-position-relative">
563        
564            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
565<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inverse-light uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
566    
567        
568<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/e5/porrentruy-scaled-e5054695.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ae/porrentruy-scaled-aec638a7.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/4c/porrentruy-scaled-4c407b86.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/65/porrentruy-scaled-65fab898.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/bc/porrentruy-scaled-bc9b2776.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b7/porrentruy-scaled-b7efd8ad.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/porrentruy-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1703"></picture>
569
570        
571        
572                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
573
574
575
576<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Mesure de la conduc­ti­vi­té de l’eau dans la grotte de Milandre (JU). © ISSKA</p></div>
577
578</div></div>        
579    
580</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
581<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
582    
583        
584<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/90/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003-905e0cf6.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b5/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003-b5ebc5ac.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/74/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003-74ba1668.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/67/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003-67cc9f0b.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/68/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003-68cb3b82.webp 2000w" sizes="(min-width: 2000px) 2000px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/121002_UGPS_Moulin_LCDF_0003.JPG" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1500"></picture>
585
586        
587        
588                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
589
590
591
592<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Loca­li­sa­tion et car­to­gra­phie des cours d’eau sou­ter­rains. © ISSKA</p></div>
593
594</div></div>        
595    
596</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
597<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
598    
599        
600<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/c3/S19-7-c30d54ff.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/29/S19-7-296e75dd.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a7/S19-7-a7fdef8f.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/c8/S19-7-c81aa7f1.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/1e/S19-7-1e961fad.webp 2006w" sizes="(min-width: 2006px) 2006px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/S19-7.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2006" height="1333"></picture>
601
602        
603        
604                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
605
606
607
608<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Lac sou­ter­rain dans la grotte Crête de Vaas. © ISSKA</p></div>
609
610</div></div>        
611    
612</div></div>                            </div>
613        
614                
615
616    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
617    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
618        
619        
620    </div>
621        
622<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
623    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
624</div>    
625</div>
626                
627            
628        
629    
630</div>
631<div class="uk-width-1-4@m uk-visible@m">
632    
633        
634            
635            
636            
637                
638                    
639<div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-margin-remove-first-child uk-margin uk-v
639isible@m">
640    
641        
642            
643                
644            
645            
646                                                
647                
648                    
649
650        
651        
652        
653    
654        
655        
656                <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><br>Contact</h3>
657<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Pierre_Yves-1-scaled.jpg" alt width="191" height="255" class="alignnone  wp-image-610"></p>
658<p style="text-align: center;">Pierre-Yves Jean­nin <br><a href="mailto:[email protected]">Envoyer un e‑mail</a></p><br></div>        
659        
660        
661
662                
663                
664            
665        
666    
667</div>
668                
669            
670        
671    
672</div>
673    
674</div>
675<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="dangers">
676    
677        
678<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
679    
680        
681            
682            
683            
684                
685                    
686<h3>
687    
688        
689                    Dangers naturels        
690        
691    
692</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Le karst joue un rôle par­ti­cu­lier dans la pro­blé­ma­tique des dan­gers natu­rels. L’ISSKA a déve­lop­pé des méthodes d’in­ves­ti­ga­tions pour l’é­va­lua­tion et la car­to­gra­phie des dan­gers natu­rels sui­vants&nbsp;:</p></div>
693<h5>
694    
695        
696                    Danger d’effondrements en milieu karstique        
697        
698    
699</h5><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Dans les régions kars­tiques, des effon­dre­ments se pro­duisent régu­liè­re­ment. L’étude de ces phé­no­mènes par des cas concrets nous per­met de pré­dire les condi­tions qui conduisent à ces évè­ne­ments. Des cartes de zona­tion des risques d’effondrement peuvent donc être pro­duites.</p></div>
700<h5>
701    
702        
703                    Ressources        
704        
705    
706</h5>
707<div class="uk-margin">
708    
709    
710        
711        
712<a class="el-content uk-width-1-1 uk-button uk-button-primary uk-flex-inline uk-flex-center uk-flex-middle" href="https://www.isska.ch/pdf/Fr/Competences/Fiche_explicative_effondrements_C1-2.pdf">
713        <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right" uk-icon="file-text"></span>    
714        Fiche syn­thé­tique «&nbsp;effon­dre­ment de doline&nbsp;»    
715    
716</a>
717
718
719        
720    
721    
722</div>
723
724<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
725    <div class="uk-position-relative">
726        
727            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
728<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
729    
730        
731<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/08/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled-086925bd.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/9b/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled-9b51cb1c.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b9/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled-b9952bb5.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/de/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled-de2afacf.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a6/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled-a65cc7e0.webp 1800w" sizes="(min-width: 1800px) 1800px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_20230626_103142-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="1800" height="1350"></picture>
732
733        
734        
735                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
736
737
738
739<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Effon­dre­ment en aval de la STEP de La Chaux-de-Fonds. © ISSKA</p></div>
740
741</div></div>        
742    
743</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
744<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
745    
746        
747<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/99/CHA_0244-scaled-995e3398.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/56/CHA_0244-scaled-567a72e8.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/08/CHA_0244-scaled-0826f0e0.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/df/CHA_0244-scaled-df3263a4.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/4f/CHA_0244-scaled-4f9a2876.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ee/CHA_0244-scaled-eed4b346.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/CHA_0244-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1714"></picture>
748
749        
750        
751                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
752
753
754
755<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Doline d’ef­fon­dre­ment dans un patu­rage juras­sien. © ISSKA</p></div>
756
757</div></div>        
758    
759</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
760<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inverse-light uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
761    
762        
763<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ff/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated-fff254e3.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a7/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated-a7749339.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/72/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated-7233f008.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b4/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated-b47ef69e.webp 1600w" sizes="(min-width: 1600px) 1600px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Effondrmt-Templalle-83_17.4.07-040-rotated.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="1600" height="1200"></picture>
764
765        
766        
767                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
768
769
770
771<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Effon­dre­ment en plein centre-ville de La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). © ISSKA</p></div>
772
773</div></div>        
774    
775</div></div>                            </div>
776        
777                
778
779    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
780    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
781        
782        
783    </div>
784        
785<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
786    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
787</div>    
788</div>
789<h5>
790    
791        
792                    Danger de crues en milieu karstique        
793        
794    
795</h5><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Dans le karst, les écou­le­ments sont essen­tiel­le­ment sou­ter­rains donc invi­sibles. Il arrive cepen­dant que la nappe sou­ter­raine atteigne la sur­face, inonde des endroits habi­tuel­le­ment secs, et pro­duise des aug­men­ta­tions bru­tales et consé­quentes du débit des rivières. Grâce aux modèles déve­lop­pés par l’ISS­KA (KARSYS, Karst­MOD), il est pos­sible de pré­voir les inon­da­tions, les débits des rivières et de pro­duire des cartes de dan­gers de crues, adap­tées aux spé­ci­fi­ci­tés du karst.</p></div>
796<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
797    <div class="uk-position-relative">
798        
799            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
800<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inverse-light uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
801    
802        
803<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/df/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled-dfa818e4.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ac/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled-ac09f71b.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/fb/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled-fbc3eba1.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/52/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled-52046b3f.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a4/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled-a4633679.webp 2000w" sizes="(min-width: 2000px) 2000px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_5373-scaled.JPG" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1500"></picture>
804
805        
806        
807                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
808
809
810
811<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Mon­tée du niveau de l’eau sou­ter­raine jus­qu’à la sur­face lors d’une crue à Che­ve­nez (JU). © ISSKA</p></div>
812
813</div></div>        
814    
815</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
816<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
817    
818        
819<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/81/IMG_5319-scaled-810d9df4.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/08/IMG_5319-scaled-08f939a6.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a1/IMG_5319-scaled-a140e9b1.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ad/IMG_5319-scaled-ad644fb1.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/0f/IMG_5319-scaled-0f44328a.webp 2000w" sizes="(min-width: 2000px) 2000px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_5319-scaled.JPG" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1500"></picture>
820
821        
822        
823                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
824
825
826
827<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Inon­da­tion sur le cours de L’Al­laine (JU). © ISSKA</p></div>
828
829</div></div>        
830    
831</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
832<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
833    
834        
835<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/90/D0284_110-28.3.2006-9087a52c.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/da/D0284_110-28.3.2006-da85122d.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/02/D0284_110-28.3.2006-02840c3a.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ae/D0284_110-28.3.2006-ae0afee4.webp 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) 1500px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/D0284_110-28.3.2006.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="1500" height="960"></picture>
836
837        
838        
839                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
840
841
842
843<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Grotte de la Cas­cade (Môtiers, NE) pen­dant la crue de 2006. ©ISSKA</p></div>
844
845</div></div>        
846    
847</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
848<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
849    
850        
851<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/a9/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-a9c17325.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/44/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-4420453e.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/2b/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-2b22cb9c.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/12/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-123295c7.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/81/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-81c07178.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/15/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web-156a2df0.webp 2201w" sizes="(min-width: 2201px) 2201px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/carte_vulnerabilite_pour_site_web.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2201" height="1602"></picture>
852
853        
854        
855                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
856
857
858
859<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Carte de la vul­né­ra­bi­li­té du karst dans le can­ton du Saint-Gall.  ©ISSKA</p></div>
860
861</div></div>        
862    
863</div></div>                            </div>
864        
865                
866
867    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
868    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
869        
870        
871    </div>
872        
873<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
874    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
875</div>    
876</div>
877                
878            
879        
880    
881</div>
882<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
883    
884        
885            
886            
887            
888                
889                    
890                
891            
892        
893    
894</div>
895    
896</div>
897<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="genie">
898    
899        
900<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
901    
902        
903            
904            
905            
906                
907                    
908<h3>
909    
910        
911                    Génie civil        
912        
913    
914</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>L’ISSKA accom­pagne les pro­jets de génie civil en région kars­tique et pro­pose des solu­tions pour pré­ve­nir les pro­blèmes de sta­bi­li­té, de venues d’eau ou d’in­fil­tra­tion des eaux grises.</p>
915<p>L’ISSKA est fré­quem­ment man­da­té pour accom­pa­gner des pro­jets d’aménagement de sur­face (auto­routes, parcs éoliens) ou le per­ce­ment d’ouvrages sou­ter­rains (tun­nels, gale­ries, etc.).
916A tra­vers les acti­vi­tés de recherche et déve­lop­pe­ment, l’ISSKA a mis au point des méthodes per­met­tant d’identifier et de remé­dier aux pro­blèmes que posent les construc­tions en milieu kars­tique. La méthode Kars­tA­LEA, fruit d’une col­la­bo­ra­tion avec l’Office Fédé­ral des Routes (OFROU) est une illus­tra­tion des méthodes pra­tiques déve­lop­pées par l’institut.
917</p></div>
918<h5>
919    
920        
921                    Ressources        
922        
923    
924</h5>
925<div class="uk-margin">
926        <div class="uk-flex-middle uk-grid-small uk-child-width-1-1" uk-grid>    
927    
928                <div class="el-item">
929        
930        
931<a class="el-content uk-width-1-1 uk-button uk-button-primary uk-flex-inline uk-flex-center uk-flex-middle" href="https://www.isska.ch/pdf/Fr/Competences/ISSKA_Brochure_KarstALEA_FR.pdf">
932        <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right" uk-icon="file-text"></span>    
933        Bro­chure&nbsp;: Méthode Kars­tA­LEA    
934    
935</a>
936
937
938                </div>
939        
940    
941                <div class="el-item">
942        
943        
944<a class="el-content uk-width-1-1 uk-button uk-button-primary uk-flex-inline uk-flex-center uk-flex-middle" href="https://www.isska.ch/pdf/De/Kompetenzen/KarstALEA.pdf">
945        <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right" uk-icon="file-text"></span>    
946        Guide Pra­tique de la méthode Kars­tA­LEA    
947    
948</a>
949
950
951                </div>
952        
953    
954        </div>    
955</div>
956
957<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
958    <div class="uk-position-relative">
959        
960            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
961<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inverse-light uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
962    
963        
964<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/74/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-742651ab.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/8d/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-8dfbe2d9.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/83/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-83550ce2.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b5/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-b59f7ada.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/fd/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-fd9ea455.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/d1/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled-d116e40e.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/COMP_GEOSCI_DSC_7823_v2-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1709"></picture>
965
966        
967        
968                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
969
970
971
972<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Dis­pa­ri­tion d’un cours d’eau dans une grotte à Bergün (GR). © ISSKA</p></div>
973
974</div></div>        
975    
976</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
977<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inverse-light uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
978    
979        
980<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/06/IMG_2645-scaled-06434bea.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/57/IMG_2645-scaled-57e78884.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/ec/IMG_2645-scaled-ec662499.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/46/IMG_2645-scaled-46ca6024.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/27/IMG_2645-scaled-27b1343f.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/9b/IMG_2645-scaled-9b62c855.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_2645-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1920"></picture>
981
982        
983        
984                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
985
986
987
988<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Repe­rage d’an­ciens conduits kars­tiques dans le «&nbsp;Stein­bruch Born&nbsp;» (SO). © ISSKA</p></div>
989
990</div></div>        
991    
992</div></div>                            </div>
993        
994                
995
996    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
997    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
998        
999        
1000    </div>
1001        
1002<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
1003    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
1004</div>    
1005</div>
1006                
1007            
1008        
1009    
1010</div>
1011<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1012    
1013        
1014            
1015            
1016            
1017                
1018                    
1019                
1020            
1021        
1022    
1023</div>
1024    
1025</div>
1026<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="travaux">
1027    
1028        
1029<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1030    
1031        
1032            
1033            
1034            
1035                
1036                    
1037<h3>
1038    
1039        
1040                    Travaux souterrains        
1041        
1042    
1043</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>L’ISSKA est spé­cia­li­sé dans les tra­vaux de mesures et de docu­men­ta­tion en milieu sou­ter­rain.</p>
1044<p>L’ISSKA inter­vient fré­quem­ment pour l’établissement de modèles sou­ter­rains per­met­tant la com­pré­hen­sion, l’aménagement et l’exploitation des aspects géo­lo­giques et hydro­géo­lo­giques sou­ter­rains. Dif­fé­rents outils peuvent être pro­po­sés pour la loca­li­sa­tion, la topo­gra­phie ou l’acquisition 3D des vides sou­ter­rains. Les exemples d’application sont nom­breux&nbsp;:</p>
1045<ul>
1046<li>Dimen­sion­ne­ment d’aménagements sou­ter­rains&nbsp;: infra­struc­tures tou­ris­tiques, pose de conduites, etc. ou d’aménagements de sur­face en inter­ac­tion avec le sous-sol&nbsp;;</li>
1047<li>Pla­ni­fi­ca­tion pour la stra­té­gie d’exploitation de gise­ments sou­ter­rains (ex. mines de sel) ou pour l’évaluation des capa­ci­tés de rem­blais&nbsp;;</li>
1048<li>Docu­men­ta­tion des ouvrages sou­ter­rains his­to­riques, etc.</li>
1049</ul>
1050<p>L’ISSKA pos­sède aus­si une grande expé­rience en ce qui concerne l’instrumentation de phé­no­mènes en milieux sou­ter­rains, notam­ment dans le cadre de sui­vi de la qua­li­té des eaux sou­ter­raines, de la qua­li­té de l’atmosphère sou­ter­raine ou des ébran­le­ments lors de tra­vaux d’aménagement.</p></div>
1051<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
1052    <div class="uk-position-relative">
1053        
1054            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1055<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1056    
1057        
1058<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/3f/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-3fb4f1df.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/24/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-24051336.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/01/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-012f4e97.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/89/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-89bce3c4.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/08/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-087d487d.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/3b/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled-3b839bf2.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/COMP_GEOSCI_IMG_7626-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1920"></picture>
1059
1060        
1061        
1062                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1063
1064
1065
1066<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Essai de tra­çage dans un gouffre de La Chaux-de-Fonds (NE). © ISSKA</p></div>
1067
1068</div></div>        
1069    
1070</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1071<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1072    
1073        
1074<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/40
1074/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-404587e1.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/c5/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-c5b68dc3.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/16/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-167f0d4f.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/7d/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-7d88f88a.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/aa/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-aa19f8fc.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/c7/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled-c7c645a8.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/IMG_20240315_024511-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1920"></picture>
1075
1076        
1077        
1078                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1079
1080
1081
1082<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Mesure 3D de la grotte TM800 (NE) par LiDAR. © ISSKA</p></div>
1083
1084</div></div>        
1085    
1086</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1087<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1088    
1089        
1090<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/9b/TM800_VueDessus-9bb52310.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 800px) 800px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/TM800_VueDessus.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="800" height="600"></picture>
1091
1092        
1093        
1094                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1095
1096
1097
1098<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Modèle 3D de la grotte TM800 (NE) dans le tun­nel de la Vue des Alpes. © ISSKA</p></div>
1099
1100</div></div>        
1101    
1102</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1103<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1104    
1105        
1106<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/58/sieben_Nathan-scaled-58b06cd3.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/57/sieben_Nathan-scaled-570c5cfa.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/03/sieben_Nathan-scaled-035e36c3.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/79/sieben_Nathan-scaled-7966c9a8.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b1/sieben_Nathan-scaled-b16794e2.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/14/sieben_Nathan-scaled-14898d27.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/sieben_Nathan-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1488"></picture>
1107
1108        
1109        
1110                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1111
1112
1113
1114<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Vue 3D du réseau Sie­ben­heng­ste-Hoh­gant (BE). © ISSKA</p></div>
1115
1116</div></div>        
1117    
1118</div></div>                            </div>
1119        
1120                
1121
1122    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
1123    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
1124        
1125        
1126    </div>
1127        
1128<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
1129    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
1130</div>    
1131</div>
1132                
1133            
1134        
1135    
1136</div>
1137<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1138    
1139        
1140            
1141            
1142            
1143                
1144                    
1145                
1146            
1147        
1148    
1149</div>
1150    
1151</div>
1152<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="energies">
1153    
1154        
1155<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1156    
1157        
1158            
1159            
1160            
1161                
1162                    
1163<h3>
1164    
1165        
1166                    Énergies renouvelables        
1167        
1168    
1169</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Les régions kars­tique sont de plus en plus concer­nées par l’aménagement d’infrastructures pour la pro­duc­tion d’énergies renou­ve­lables&nbsp;; prin­ci­pa­le­ment hydro­élec­trique, géo­ther­mique et éolienne. L’ISSKA accom­pagne les maitres d’ouvrages dans les pro­jets de déve­lop­pe­ment des éner­gies renou­ve­lables dans ces régions. 
1170</p></div>
1171<h5>
1172    
1173        
1174                    Hydroélectricité souterraine        
1175        
1176    
1177</h5><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Les eaux sou­ter­raines kars­tiques repré­sentent un cer­tain poten­tiel de pro­duc­tion d’électricité. Cette exploi­ta­tion n’est tou­te­fois pas sans risque pour le milieu et les risques doivent être éva­lués par des spé­cia­listes.<br>
1178L’ISSKA, au tra­vers d’accompagnements de pro­jets ou d’études d’impact est actif dans ce domaine. Nous sommes à même de poser un diag­nos­tic au niveau de l’avant-projet pour voir si celui-ci a des chances d’aboutir et quelles adap­ta­tions seraient néces­saires pour être en accord avec dif­fé­rentes légis­la­tions et ins­truc­tions pra­tiques liées aux pro­jets dans le karst.</p></div>
1179<h5>
1180    
1181        
1182                    Eoliennes        
1183        
1184    
1185</h5><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>L’implantation d’éoliennes en milieux kars­tiques doit faire l’objet d’un accom­pa­gne­ment spé­ci­fique sur le plan des impacts pour l’environnement et réci­pro­que­ment des risques de sta­bi­li­té pour l’ouvrage.</p></div>
1186<div class="uk-margin uk-text-center">
1187    
1188    
1189        
1190        
1191<a class="el-content uk-width-1-1 uk-button uk-button-primary uk-flex-inline uk-flex-center uk-flex-middle" href="https://www.isska.ch/pdf/brochure_eoliennes_f.pdf" target="_blank">
1192        <span class="uk-margin-xsmall-right" uk-icon="file-text"></span>    
1193        éoliennes en région kars­tique    
1194    
1195</a>
1196
1197
1198        
1199    
1200    
1201</div>
1202
1203<h5>
1204    
1205        
1206                    Géothermie        
1207        
1208    
1209</h5><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Les méca­nismes de pro­pa­ga­tion de cha­leur dans le sous-sol kars­tique sont très dif­fé­rents des autres envi­ron­ne­ments géo­lo­giques. Les pro­jets d’exploitation néces­sitent sou­vent une adap­ta­tion et un accom­pa­gne­ment spé­cia­li­sé. L’ISSKA pos­sède des outils et de l’expérience dans ce cadre, et col­la­bore avec le Centre d’hydrogéologie et de géo­ther­mie de l’Université de Neu­châ­tel qui est un centre de com­pé­tence recon­nu.</p></div>
1210                
1211            
1212        
1213    
1214</div>
1215<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1216    
1217        
1218            
1219            
1220            
1221                
1222                    
1223                
1224            
1225        
1226    
1227</div>
1228    
1229</div>
1230                                </div>                
1231            
1232        
1233    
1234</div>
1235<div id="Fondamentale" class="uk-section-default uk-section">
1236    
1237        
1238        
1239        
1240            
1241                                <div class="uk-container">                
1242                    
1243<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="speleogenese">
1244    
1245        
1246<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1247    
1248        
1249            
1250            
1251            
1252                
1253                    
1254<h2>
1255    
1256        
1257                    Recherche fondamentale        
1258        
1259    
1260</h2>
1261<h3>
1262    
1263        
1264                    Spéléogenèse        
1265        
1266    
1267</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Les grottes et le pay­sage kars­tique résultent de la dis­so­lu­tion des cal­caires dans les eaux de pluie. Dans cer­tains cas, la dis­so­lu­tion peut résul­ter d’autres causes (p.ex. des remon­tées de gaz pro­fonds). Com­prendre com­ment se forment les grottes pré­sente un inté­rêt évident pour le spé­léo­logue qui les explore. Cepen­dant, la pré­vi­sion de la pré­sence d’un vide sou­ter­rain consti­tue aus­si une infor­ma­tion impor­tante pour un ingé­nieur qui doit construire un tun­nel ou pour un hydro­géo­logue qui doit cap­ter de l’eau.</p>
1268<p>Plu­sieurs modèles numé­riques de spé­léo­ge­nèse ont été déve­lop­pés au cours des 35 der­nières années. Ils nous ont appris énor­mé­ment de choses sur les prin­cipes, les vitesses de for­ma­tion et les grandes lignes de la géo­mé­trie des réseaux de gale­ries sou­ter­raines. Cepen­dant, la carac­té­ri­sa­tion des para­mètres de ter­rain, per­met­tant d’a­li­men­ter ces modèles, est com­pa­ra­ti­ve­ment rela­ti­ve­ment en retard. L’ISSKA contri­bue donc par ses recherches à four­nir des don­nées de ter­rain, à les repré­sen­ter et à les confron­ter aux résul­tats des modèles de simu­la­tion.</p>
1269<p>Les struc­tures kars­tiques ne se déve­loppent clai­re­ment pas de manière aléa­toire. Nous en avons cer­né les carac­té­ris­tiques géné­rales, et pou­vons esquis­ser les zones poten­tiel­le­ment les plus kars­ti­fiées. Tou­te­fois, pour géné­rer des réseaux réa­listes, il reste du tra­vail pour les géné­ra­tions futures…</p>
1270<p>Nos tra­vaux concernent sur­tout&nbsp;:</p>
1271<ul>
1272<li>La dis­tri­bu­tion spa­tiale des conduits kars­tiques (concept d’ho­ri­zons d’in­cep­tion)</li>
1273<li>La genèse des réseaux kars­tiques dans la zone épi­phréa­tique (loops)</li>
1274<li>L’é­ta­ge­ment des réseaux kars­tiques (phases spé­léo­gé­né­tiques)</li>
1275</ul>
1276<p>Actuel­le­ment ils se concentrent sur­tout sur la pré­vi­sion de la posi­tion (pro­ba­bi­liste) des conduits et sur leur carac­té­ri­sa­tion (taille, forme, rem­plis­sage, eau, etc.).</p></div>
1277                
1278            
1279        
1280    
1281</div>
1282<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1283    
1284        
1285            
1286            
1287            
1288                
1289                    
1290<div class="uk-card uk-card-default uk-margin-remove-first-child uk-margin" id="page#3">
1291    
1292        
1293            
1294                
1295            
1296            
1297                                                
1298                
1299                    
1300
1301        
1302        
1303        
1304    
1305        
1306        
1307                <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top"><h3 style="text-align: center;"><br>Contact</h3>
1308<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-225x300.jpg" alt width="225" height="300" class="wp-image-615 size-medium aligncenter" srcset="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-225x300.jpg 225w, https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Marc_nb-scaled.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px"></p>
1309<p style="text-align: center;">Marc Lüt­scher <br><a href="mailto:[email protected]">Envoyer e‑mail</a></p>
1310<p></p></div>        
1311        
1312        
1313
1314                
1315                
1316            
1317        
1318    
1319</div>
1320                
1321            
1322        
1323    
1324</div>
1325    
1326</div>
1327<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="climat">
1328    
1329        
1330<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1331    
1332        
1333            
1334            
1335            
1336                
1337                    
1338<h3>
1339    
1340        
1341                    Climat souterrain        
1342        
1343    
1344</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Sujet de pre­mier abord très aca­dé­mique, la com­pré­hen­sion fine du cli­mat sou­ter­rain est impor­tante pour la ges­tion des grottes archéo­lo­giques, ornées, tou­ris­tiques ou même pour cer­tains tra­vaux spé­léo­lo­giques. Elle est aus­si impor­tante pour com­prendre la ther­mique des mas­sifs kars­tiques et par là l’im­plan­ta­tion de sondes géo­ther­miques ou pour expli­quer la pré­sence d’une gla­cière natu­relle. Enfin, elle est néces­saire pour inter­pré­ter les varia­tions obser­vées dans la crois­sance des sta­lag­mites et pro­duire des recons­ti­tu­tions paléo­cli­ma­tiques.</p>
1345<p>Pro­jets actuels&nbsp;:</p>
1346<ul>
1347<li><span><a href="https://www.isska.ch/cave-seds/" data-wplink-url-error="true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cave­Seds</a></span></li>
1348<li><span>Ana­lyse des inter­ac­tions entre ven­ti­la­tion, teneur en CO2 et chi­mie des eaux dans la grotte de Milandre</span></li>
1349<li><span>Sui­vi à long terme de quelques gla­cières natu­relles du Jura</span></li>
1350</ul>
1351<p>Pro­jets pas­sés&nbsp;:</p>
1352<ul>
1353<li><span><a href="https://www.isska.ch/thermokarst/" data-wplink-url-error="true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ther­mo­karst</a></span></li>    
1354<li><span>Etude des gla­cières natu­relles du Jura</span></li>
1355<li><span>Ana­lyse du cli­mat de la grotte de Las­caux</span></li>
1356<li><span>Etude de la ther­mique des mas­sifs kars­tiques</span></li>
1357<li><span>Eva­lua­tion du poten­tiel ther­mique des mas­sifs kars­tiques</span></li>
1358<li><span>Essai de ven­ti­la­tion arti­fi­cielle d’une cavi­té kars­tique (Milandre)</span></li>
1359</ul></div>
1360                
1361            
1362        
1363    
1364</div>
1365<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1366    
1367        
1368            
1369            
1370            
1371                
1372                    
1373                
1374            
1375        
1376    
1377</div>
1378    
1379</div>
1380<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="paleoclimats">
1381    
1382        
1383<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1384    
1385        
1386            
1387            
1388            
1389                
1390                    
1391<h3>
1392    
1393        
1394                    Enregistrements karstiques        
1395        
1396    
1397</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Iso­lées des pro­ces­sus d’érosion exté­rieurs, les grottes pré­servent des séquences sédi­men­taires sur des cen­taines de mil­liers, voire mil­lions d’années. L’étude de ces dépôts, qu’il s’agisse de sédi­ments détri­tiques (i.e. lami­nites, galets) ou de spé­léo­thèmes (i.e sta­lag­mites), apporte une infor­ma­tion pré­cieuse sur les chan­ge­ments cli­ma­tiques et envi­ron­ne­men­taux au cours du temps. Qu’il s’agisse de cycles gla­ciaires ou de fluc­tua­tions sai­son­nières les sédi­ments des grottes ren­ferment une infor­ma­tion pré­cieuse sur notre envi­ron­ne­ment pas­sé. <br>Outre la data­tion de ces sédi­ments, les études de l’ISSKA portent sur leur signa­ture miné­ra­lo­gique (cal­cite, ara­go­nite, quartz, …), géo­chi­mique (Mg, Sr, Ba, S, …) et iso­to­pique (d18O, d13C,…) mais éga­le­ment leur conte­nu fau­nis­tique (micro-inver­tér­brés, osse­ments) et bota­nique (pol­lens).</p>
1398<p>Voir éga­le­ment notre com­pé­tence <a href="https://www.isska.ch/fr/competences/archeozoologie/" rel="noopener">en archéo­zoo­lo­gie</a>.</p></div>
1399<div class="uk-slider-container uk-margin uk-text-center" uk-slider>
1400    <div class="uk-position-relative">
1401        
1402            <div class="uk-slider-items uk-grid">                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1403<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1404    
1405        
1406<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/63/S17-9-scaled-1-633524eb.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/cc/S17-9-scaled-1-ccd47be0.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/26/S17-9-scaled-1-26c07b06.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/81/S17-9-scaled-1-814cb11c.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/50/S17-9-scaled-1-50afec28.webp 1702w" sizes="(min-width: 1702px) 1702px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/S17-9-scaled-1.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="1702" height="1276"></picture>
1407
1408        
1409        
1410                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1411
1412
1413
1414<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Sta­lag­mite cou­pée en vue d’a­na­lyses. © ISSKA</p></div>
1415
1416</div></div>        
1417    
1418</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1419<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1420    
1421        
1422<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/90/PA030052-scaled-90668d07.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/82/PA030052-scaled-82be399e.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/7d/PA030052-scaled-7dae70db.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/1d/PA030052-scaled-1d5c0077.webp 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/26/PA030052-scaled-26682ff9.webp 1920w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/b9/PA030052-scaled-b9906e69.webp 2560w" sizes="(min-width: 2560px) 2560px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/PA030052-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="2560" height="1920"></picture>
1423
1424        
1425        
1426                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1427
1428
1429
1430<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Les cal­cites cryo­gé­niques se forment lors de la congé­la­t
1430ion de l’eau du karst. Elles témoignent à la fois de tem­pé­ra­tures infé­rieures à 0°C et de la pré­sence d’eau liquide dans une cavi­té. Leur étude per­met de recons­truire l’é­vo­lu­tion du per­ma­frost au cours du temps. © ISSKA</p></div>
1431
1432</div></div>        
1433    
1434</div></div>                                <div class="uk-flex uk-flex-center">
1435<div class="el-item uk-flex uk-flex-column uk-inline-clip uk-transition-toggle" tabindex="0">
1436    
1437        
1438<picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/d4/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled-d444e355.webp 768w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/38/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled-381af2a6.webp 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/91/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled-9115e740.webp 1366w, /wp-content/uploads/yootheme/cache/c7/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled-c73964b5.webp 1500w" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) 1500px"><img decoding="async" class="el-image uk-transition-opaque uk-flex-1" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/20240521_205132-scaled-scaled.jpg" alt loading="lazy" width="1500" height="1125"></picture>
1439
1440        
1441        
1442                <div class="uk-position-bottom uk-transition-fade uk-overlay-default"><div class="uk-overlay uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child">
1443
1444
1445
1446<div class="el-content uk-panel uk-text-small uk-margin-small-top"><p>Les séquences détri­tiques obser­vées dans les grottes informent sur les chan­ge­ments envi­ron­ne­men­taux pas­sés et peuvent être datées par des méthodes iso­to­piques. © ISSKA</p></div>
1447
1448</div></div>        
1449    
1450</div></div>                            </div>
1451        
1452                
1453
1454    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-left" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-previous uk-slider-item="previous"></a>    </div>
1455    <div class="uk-visible@s uk-position-medium uk-position-center-right" uk-inverse>    <a class="el-slidenav" href="#" uk-slidenav-next uk-slider-item="next"></a>    </div>
1456        
1457        
1458    </div>
1459        
1460<div class="uk-margin-top" uk-inverse>
1461    <ul class="el-nav uk-slider-nav uk-dotnav uk-flex-center" uk-margin></ul>
1462</div>    
1463</div>
1464                
1465            
1466        
1467    
1468</div>
1469<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1470    
1471        
1472            
1473            
1474            
1475                
1476                    
1477                
1478            
1479        
1480    
1481</div>
1482    
1483</div>
1484<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand" uk-grid id="changement">
1485    
1486        
1487<div class="uk-width-3-4@m">
1488    
1489        
1490            
1491            
1492            
1493                
1494                    
1495<h3>
1496    
1497        
1498                    Changement climatique et karst        
1499        
1500    
1501</h3><div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p><span>Les condi­tions cli­ma­tiques exercent de nom­breuses influences sur le karst. Par­mi celles-ci  l’ISS­KA éva­lue prin­ci­pa­le­ment l’ef­fet du chan­ge­ment cli­ma­tique sur les élé­ments sui­vants.</span></p>
1502<ul>
1503<li><span>L’in­fil­tra­tion d’eau dans le sous-sol ou recharge des aqui­fères. Elle Influence direc­te­ment la quan­ti­té d’eau sou­ter­raine dis­po­nible. Elle résulte d’un équi­libre déli­cat entre fac­teurs cli­ma­tiques (pré­ci­pi­ta­tions, tem­pé­ra­ture…) et bio­pé­do­lo­giques (végé­ta­tion et sols).</span></li>
1504<li><span>La pré­ci­pi­ta­tion de cal­cite dans les sta­lag­mites concerne sur­tout la recons­ti­tu­tion paléo­cli­ma­tique. Les couches de cal­cite dépo­sées dans les sta­lag­mites enre­gistrent les condi­tions cli­ma­tiques régnant au moment de leur dépôt, de manière ana­logue aux anneaux du tronc d’un arbre.</span></li>
1505<li><span>La dis­so­lu­tion du cal­caire joue un rôle dans le ralen­tis­se­ment du réchauf­fe­ment cli­ma­tique. En effet, il est démon­tré que le réchauf­fe­ment cli­ma­tique accen­tue l’ac­ti­vi­té bio­lo­gique des sols, indui­sant une aug­men­ta­tion de la teneur en CO2 du sol. L’eau qui s’in­filtre dans le sol dis­sout par consé­quent plus de CO2, ce qui lui per­met ensuite de dis­soudre plus de cal­caire. Il en résulte que pour chaque molé­cule sup­plé­men­taire de cal­caire dis­sous, une molé­cule a été pré­le­vée dans le sol, donc dans l’at­mo­sphère ter­restre. Ce pré­lè­ve­ment de CO2 pour­rait expli­quer une par­tie impor­tante de ce que les spé­cia­listes nomment le «&nbsp;car­bon sink&nbsp;», c’est-à-dire le fait que le CO2 atmo­sphé­rique aug­mente moins vite que les esti­ma­tions des modèles.</span></li>
1506</ul></div>
1507                
1508            
1509        
1510    
1511</div>
1512<div class="uk-width-1-4@m">
1513    
1514        
1515            
1516            
1517            
1518                
1519                    
1520                
1521            
1522        
1523    
1524</div>
1525    
1526</div>
1527                                </div>                
1528            
1529        
1530    
1531</div>        
1532            </main>
1533
1534            
1535                        <footer>
1536                <!-- Builder #footer -->
1537<div class="uk-section-default uk-section">
1538    
1539        
1540        
1541        
1542            
1543                                <div class="uk-container">                
1544                    
1545<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-child-width-1-1">
1546    
1547        
1548<div class="uk-width-1-1">
1549    
1550        
1551            
1552            
1553            
1554                
1555                    <hr class="uk-divider-small uk-text-left uk-position-relative uk-margin-remove-vertical" style="bottom: -50px;">
1556                
1557            
1558        
1559    
1560</div>
1561    
1562</div>
1563                                </div>                
1564            
1565        
1566    
1567</div>
1568<div class="uk-section-default uk-section">
1569    
1570        
1571        
1572        
1573            
1574                                <div class="uk-container">                
1575                    
1576<div class="uk-grid-margin uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-grid-column-large" uk-grid>
1577    
1578        
1579<div class="uk-width-1-3@m">
1580    
1581        
1582            
1583            
1584            
1585                
1586                    <div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p>Institut Suisse de Spéléologie et Karstologie<br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rue+de+la+Serre+68,+2300+La+Chaux-de-Fonds">Rue de la Serre 68</a><br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rue+de+la+Serre+68,+2300+La+Chaux-de-Fonds">2301 La Chaux-de-Fonds</a><br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rue+de+la+Serre+68,+2300+La+Chaux-de-Fonds">Suisse</a></p></div>
1587                
1588            
1589        
1590    
1591</div>
1592<div class="uk-width-1-3@m">
1593    
1594        
1595            
1596            
1597            
1598                
1599                    
1600<div class="uk-margin">    <ul class="uk-child-width-auto uk-flex-inline uk-flex-middle" uk-grid>
1601            <li class="el-item">
1602<a class="el-link uk-icon-link" href="https://ch.linkedin.com/company/isska-institut-suisse-de-speleologie-et-de-karstologie" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: linkedin; width: 30; height: 30;"></span></a></li>
1603            <li class="el-item">
1604<a class="el-link uk-icon-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/isska_siska/" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: instagram; width: 30; height: 30;"></span></a></li>
1605            <li class="el-item">
1606<a class="el-link uk-icon-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/@isska3345" target="_blank"><span uk-icon="icon: youtube; width: 30; height: 30;"></span></a></li>
1607    
1608    </ul></div>
1609                
1610            
1611        
1612    
1613</div>
1614<div class="uk-width-1-3@m">
1615    
1616        
1617            
1618            
1619            
1620                
1621                    <div class="uk-panel uk-margin"><p style="text-align: left;">Contact:<br />
1622    E-mail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br />
1623    Tel: <a href="tel:+41329133533">+41 (0) 32 913 35 33</a>
1624</p></div>
1625                
1626            
1627        
1628    
1629</div>
1630    
1631</div>
1632                                </div>                
1633            
1634        
1635    
1636</div>            </footer>
1637            
1638        </div>
1639
1640        
1641            
1641<script>
1642    var commandeAjax = {
1643        ajaxurl: "https://www.isska.ch/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php",
1644        nonce: "663ebb9870"
1645    };
1646    </script>
1646
1647    <template id="tp-language" data-tp-language="fr_FR"></template>
1647<script type="speculationrules">
1648{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/fr/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/yootheme/*","/fr/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
1649</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1649
1649
1650<script>
1651document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
1652    const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('.show-more-button');
1653    
1654    buttons.forEach(button => {
1655        button.addEventListener('click', () => {
1656            const wrapper = button.closest('.show-more-wrapper');
1657            wrapper.classList.toggle('expanded');
1658            button.textContent = wrapper.classList.contains('expanded') ? 'Show less' : 'Show more';
1659        });
1660    });
1661});
1662</script>
vendor: 2 bytes, line 1662
1662
1663<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1663
1663
1664<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1664
1664
1665<script id="wp-i18n-js-after">
1666wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
1667//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after
1668</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1668
1668
1669<script id="swv-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1669
1669
1670<script id="contact-form-7-js-translations">
1671( function( domain, translations ) {
1672	var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages;
1673	localeData[""].domain = domain;
1674	wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain );
1675} )( "contact-form-7", {"translation-revision-date":"2026-09-29 08:22:41+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.1.0","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;","lang":"fr"},"This contact form is placed in the wrong place.":["Ce formulaire de contact est plac\u00e9 dans un mauvais endroit."],"Error:":["Erreur\u00a0:"]}},"comment":{"reference":"includes\/js\/index.js"}} );
1676//# sourceURL=contact-form-7-js-translations
1677</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1677
1677
1678<script id="contact-form-7-js-before">
1679var wpcf7 = {
1680    "api": {
1681        "root": "https:\/\/www.isska.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/",
1682        "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1"
1683    },
1684    "cached": 1
1685};
1686//# sourceURL=contact-form-7-js-before
1687</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1687
1687
1688<script id="contact-form-7-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1688
1688
1689<script id="codedropz-uploader-js-extra">
1690var dnd_cf7_uploader = {"ajax_url":"https://www.isska.ch/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","ajax_nonce":"f778018bd6","drag_n_drop_upload":{"tag":"h3","text":"Glisser &amp; d\u00e9poser les fichiers ici","or_separator":"ou","browse":"Parcourir les fichiers","server_max_error":"La taille du fichier t\u00e9l\u00e9vers\u00e9 d\u00e9passe la taille maximum de t\u00e9l\u00e9versement de votre serveur.","large_file":"Le fichier t\u00e9l\u00e9vers\u00e9 est trop gros","inavalid_type":"Le t\u00e9l\u00e9versement de ce type de fichier n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9","max_file_limit":"Remarque\u00a0: certains de ces fichiers n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9l\u00e9vers\u00e9s (uniquement %count% fichiers sont autoris\u00e9s)","required":"Ce champ est obligatoire.","delete":{"text":"Suppression","title":"Retirer"}},"dnd_text_counter":"sur","disable_btn":""};
1691//# sourceURL=codedropz-uploader-js-extra
1692</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1692
1692
1693<script id="codedropz-uploader-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/drag-and-drop-multiple-file-upload-contact-form-7/assets/js/codedropz-uploader-min.js?ver=1.4.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1693
1693
1694<script id="wpascript-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/honeypot/includes/js/wpa.js?ver=2.4.02"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1694
1694
1695<script id="wpascript-js-after">
1696wpa_field_info = JSON.parse(atob("eyJ3cGFfZmllbGRfbmFtZSI6InVqem5hYzM5MzMiLCJ3cGFfZmllbGRfdmFsdWUiOjQ0NTM0MSwid3BhX2FkZF90ZXN0Ijoibm8ifQ=="));
1697//# sourceURL=wpascript-js-after
1698</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1698
1698
1699<script id="wp-typography-cleanup-clipboard-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/wp-typography/js/clean-clipboard.min.js?ver=5.11.0"></script>
vendor: 86 bytes, lines 1699-1700
1699
1700<script id="google-recaptcha-js" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=
17006LfhnqcpAAAAAJdYfHzE2Pb3ifOHY-iXK4L-y424
vendor: 25 bytes, line 1700
1700&#038;ver=3.0"></script>
1701<script id="wp-polyfill-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1701
1701
1702<script id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before">
1703var wpcf7_recaptcha = {
1704    "sitekey": "6LfhnqcpAAAAAJdYfHzE2Pb3ifOHY-iXK4L-y424",
1705    "actions": {
1706        "homepage": "homepage",
1707        "contactform": "contactform"
1708    }
1709};
1710//# sourceURL=wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before
1711</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1711
1711
1712<script id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1712
1712
1713<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-contact-form-7-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-events-provider-contact-form-7-fac2a8013ba5ba355cd0.js" defer></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1713
1713
1714<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before">
1715window._googlesitekit = window._googlesitekit || {};
1716window._googlesitekit.contentEvents = {"postID":1526,"isSinglePost":false,"hasVimeoEmbed":false};
1717//# sourceURL=googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before
1718</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1718
1718
1719<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js" src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-c7172f3fd0e4d5ad62ef.js" defer></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1719
1719
1720<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
1721{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.2"}}
1722</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1722
1722
1723<script type="module">
1724/*! This file is auto-generated */
1725var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
1726//# sourceURL=https://www.isska.ch/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
1727</script>
1727
1728
1729<nav
1730    class="trp-language-switcher trp-floating-switcher trp-ls-dropdown trp-switcher-position-bottom"
1731    style="--bg:#000000;--bg-hover:#444444;--text:#ffffff;--text-hover:#eeeeee;--border:1px solid transparent;--border-radius:8px 8px 0px 0px;--flag-radius:2px;--flag-size:18px;--aspect-ratio:4/3;--font-size:14px;--switcher-width:auto;--switcher-padding:10px 0;--transition-duration:0.2s;--bottom:0px;--left:10vw"
1732    role="navigation"
1733    aria-label="Sélecteur de langue du site web"
1734    data-no-translation
1735>
1736    
1737            <div class="trp-language-switcher-inner">
1738            <div class="trp-language-item trp-language-item__current" title="FR" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Changer de langue" aria-controls="trp-switcher-dropdown-list" data-no-translation><img src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/flags/4x3/fr_FR.svg" class="trp-flag-image" alt="" role="presentation" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" /><span class="trp-language-item-name">FR</span></div>
1739            <div
1740                class="trp-switcher-dropdown-list"
1741                id="trp-switcher-dropdown-list"
1742                role="group"
1743                aria-label="Langues disponibles"
1744                hidden
1745                inert
1746            >
1747                                    <a href="https://www.isska.ch/de/kompetenzen/geosciences/" class="trp-language-item" title="DE" data-no-translation><img src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/flags/4x3/de_CH.svg" class="trp-flag-image" alt="" role="presentation" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" /><span class="trp-language-item-name">DE</span></a>                                    <a href="https://www.isska.ch/en/skills/geosciences/" class="trp-language-item" title="EN" data-no-translation><img src="https://www.isska.ch/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/flags/4x3/en_GB.svg" class="trp-flag-image" alt="" role="presentation" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="18" height="14" /><span class="trp-language-item-name">EN</span></a>                            </div>
1748        </div>
1749
1750    </nav>
1751    </body>
1752</html>
1753
1754
1755<!-- Page supported by LiteSpeed Cache 7.9.1 on 2026-10-02 05:32:44 -->
1756<!-- Dynamic page generated in 5.766 seconds. -->
1757<!-- Cached page generated by WP-Super-Cache on 2026-10-02 05:32:44 -->
1758
1759<!-- super cache -->

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.