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58<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> 59 60<header><div id="navcontent-2025"></div></header> 61 62 63<div class="diving"> 64 65<!-- Main photo/headline begins --> 66<div class="headline-group gradient-overlay"> 67 <div class="hgwrap"> 68 <div class="container"> 69 <div class="arsof-12-col"> 70 <div class="grid-full"> 71 <!-- <p>OSS MU History</p> --> 72 <h1>Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen</h1> 73 <h2>Aquatic Pioneer</h2> 74 </div> 75 </div> 76 </div> 77 </div> 78</div> 79<!--Main photo/headline ends --> 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87<!-- SECTION 1 --> 88<section class="sect-1-intro"> 89<div class="container"> 90 <article class="arsof-12-col"> 91 92 <div class="grid-left img-overlap hide-small"> 93 <figure class="arsof-photo-group"> 94 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/182.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Dr. Christian Lambertsen" data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 95 <img class="img-fluid" src="images/400/182.jpg" alt="Dr. Christian Lambertsen" width="400" height="600"></a> 96 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Dr. Christian Lambertsen</figcaption> 97 </figure> 98 99 <figure class="arsof-photo-group"> 100 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/181.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Maj Christian J. Lambertsen with Special Forces Tab and Combat Diver Badge, 1996." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 101 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400/181.jpg" alt="Maj Christian J. Lambertsen"></a> 102 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Maj Christian J. Lambertsen with Special Forces Tab and <a class="text-white" href="../articles/20nov_dive_badge_page_1.html"><span class="slidingurl">Combat Diver Badge</span></a>, 1996.</figcaption> 103 </figure> 104 </div> 105 106 <div class="grid-4to12 introtext"> 107 <figure class="arsof-photo-group march-right photohalf hide-large"> 108 <img class="img-fluid" src="images/lambertsen_1_400.jpg" alt="Dr. Christian Lambertsen" width="400" height="600"> 109 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Dr. Christian Lambertsen</figcaption> 110 </figure> 111 <p class="arsof-article">Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen was a pioneer in underwater operations. While a student at the University of Pennsylvania, he developed a closed-circuit underwater rebreather. A true innovation, it allowed the swimmer to remain underwater for longer periods and prevented detectable bubbles from escaping to the surface.</p> 112 113 <p class="arsof-article">In 1942, Lambertsen demonstrated the system to representatives of the wartime <a class="text-white" href="../articles/v3n4_oss_primer_page_1.html"><span class="slidingurl">Office of Strategic Services (OSS)</span></a>, who recognized its combat potential. After graduating in early 1944, Lambertsen was commissioned in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. Once in uniform, he was assigned to the OSS Maritime Unit, where he instructed swimmers in the use of his system, dubbed the Lambertsen Rebreathing Unit (LARU).</p> 114 115 <figure class="arsof-photo-group march-right photo250 hide-large"> 116 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400/181.jpg" alt="Maj Christian J. Lambertsen"> 117 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Maj Christian J. Lambertsen with Special Forces Tab and <a class="text-white" href="../articles/20nov_dive_badge_page_1.html"><span class="slidingurl">Combat Diver Badge</span></a>, 1996.</figcaption> 118 </figure> 119 120 <p class="arsof-article">After the war, he coined the term Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA), and worked with the U.S. Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and non-military agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). His innovations have helped shape U.S. Army underwater operations to this day.</p> 121 122 <p class="arsof-article">Dr. Lambertsen was a staunch preserver of the history of the OSS MU. This page features materials graciously donated by his family to help foster an understanding of the legacy of Dr. Lambertsen.</p> 123 </div> 124 125 <div class="grid-full"> 126 <figure class="arsof-video-group img-fluid"> 127 <div class="ratio ratio-16x9"> 128 <lite-youtube videoid="7267M74wy2k"></lite-youtube> 129 </div>
130 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Maj Christian J. Lambertsen interview</figcaption> 131 </figure> 132 133 </div> 134 </article> 135</div> 136</section> 137 138 139 140 141 142 143<!-- SECTION 2 --> 144<section class="sect-2-design"> 145 <div class="container"> 146 147 <article class="arsof-6-col"> 148 <div class="grid-full"><h3>DESIGN</h3></div> 149 150 <div class="grid-left"> 151 <p class="lambertsen-sans">Christian J. Lambertsen is considered the “father” of combat underwater swimmers. He designed a prototype rebreather before the U.S. entered World War II. A student of respiratory physiology at the University of Pennsylvania, he became interested in the effects of gasses on the human body. Experiments brought him to the realization that that if carbon dioxide could be scrubbed from a contained circulatory gas system, a person could remain underwater for a much longer time.</p> 152 153 <p class="lambertsen-sans">Initially, he worked with the Ohio Chemical Company to develop an underwater rebreather, publishing a paper in 1941 in The Journal of the American Medical Association on the system’s use for saving lives. That same year, he demonstrated this system, later named the Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit (LARU), to the U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit. Although impressed, the Navy did not see utility in salvage operations.</p> 154 155 <p class="lambertsen-sans">In 1942, Lambertsen demonstrated an improved version of the LARU to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and British Special Operations Executive (SOE), both of which understood the application of the system to underwater warfare. The OSS unofficially employed Lambertsen while he was a student and worked with him to refine the system. </p> 156 </div> 157 158 <div class="grid-4to12"> 159 160 <div class="arsof-3-col-2sml"> 161 162 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 163 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/356.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Side View LARU Model 10. Developed throughout 1943 and 1944. Patented 31 January 1945." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 164 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/356.jpg" alt="Side View LARU Model 10. Developed throughout 1943 and 1944. Patented 31 January 1945."></a> 165 </figure> 166 167 168 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 169 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/350.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Diving Apparatus for Life Saving Work (back view) developed in 1939. Filed for Patent 16 December 1940." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 170 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/350.jpg" alt="Diving Apparatus for Life Saving Work (back view) developed in 1939. Filed for Patent 16 December 1940."></a> 171 </figure> 172 173 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 174 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/351.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Diving Apparatus for Life Saving Work (front view) developed in 1939. Filed for Patent 16 December 1940." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 175 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/351.jpg" alt="Diving Apparatus for Life Saving Work (front view) developed in 1939. Filed for Patent 16 December 1940."></a> 176 </figure> 177 178 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 179 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/352.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lambertsen Diving Outfit (front view). Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 180 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/352.jpg" alt="Lambertsen Diving Outfit (front view). Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942."></a> 181 </figure> 182 183 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 184 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/353.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Side View Lambertsen Diving Outfit. Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 185 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/353.jpg" alt="Side View Lambertsen Diving Outfit. Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942."></a> 186 </figure> 187 188 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 189 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/354.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Rear View Lambertsen Diving Outfit. Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 190 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/354.jpg" alt="Rear View Lambertsen Diving Outfit. Developed in 1940 and 1941. Patented 21 January 1942."></a> 191 </figure> 192 193 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 194 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/355.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="OSS Developed LARU Model 10. Developed throughout 1943 and 1944. Patented 31 January 1945." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 195 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/355.jpg" alt="OSS Developed LARU Model 10. Developed throughout 1943 and 1944. Patented 31 January 1945."></a> 196 </figure> 197 198 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 199 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/357.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="OSS Developed LARU Mark II. Silver Springs, Fl. Sept., 1943." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 200 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/357.jpg" alt="OSS Developed LARU Mark II. Silver Springs, Fl. Sept., 1943."></a> 201 </figure> 202 203 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 204 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/358a.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Diver displaying mouth piece of LARU Mark II" data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 205 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/358a.jpg" alt="Diver displaying mouth piece of LARU Mark II"></a> 206 </figure> 207 208 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 209 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/2a.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lt. Fred Wadley wearing LARU Model 10 (LARU) (out of water)- late 1944. Extended swim fins, depth gauge, waterproof watch, M3 Trench Knife, Double-gimbled Compass Bracket (Army Engineer Compass), OD Longjohns, Speaking Diaphragm." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 210 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/2a.jpg" alt="Lt. Fred Wadley wearing LARU Model 10 (LARU) (out of water)- late 1944."></a> 211 </figure> 212 213 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 214 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/7.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lt. Fred Wadley wearing LARU Model 10 (LARU) (out of water)- late 1944. Extended swim fins, depth gauge, waterproof watch, M3 Trench Knife, Double-gimbaled Compass Bracket (Army Engineer Compass), OD Longjohns, Speaking Diaphragm." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 215 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/7.jpg" alt="Lt. Fred Wadley wearing LARU Model 10 (LARU) (out of water) - late 1944."></a> 216 </figure> 217 218 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 219 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/443.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="LARU Mark III, left side. Late Spring 1944." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 220 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/443.jpg" alt="LARU Mark III, left side. Late Spring 1944."></a> 221 </figure> 222 223 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 224 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/444.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="LARU Mark II, behind." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 225 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/444.jpg" alt="LARU Mark II, behind."></a> 226 </figure> 227 228 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 229 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/478.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Front View. LARU Model 10." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 230 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/478.jpg" alt="Front View. LARU Model 10."></a> 231 </figure> 232 233 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 234 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/479.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Side view, LARU Model 10." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 235 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/479.jpg" alt="Side view, LARU Model 10."></a> 236 </figure> 237 238 </div> 239 </div> 240 </article> 241 242 <article class="arsof-12-col"> 243 <div class="grid-full"> 244 <figure class="arsof-video-group img-fluid"> 245 <div class="ratio ratio-16x9"> 246 <lite-youtube videoid="s4uQmhOCi1w"></lite-youtube> 247 </div>
248 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Using the Lambertson Unit</figcaption> 249 </figure> 250 </div> 251 252 253</article> 254</div> 255</section> 256 257 258 259 260 261 262<!-- SECTION 3 --> 263<section class="sect-3-testing"> 264 <div class="container"> 265 266 <article class="arsof-6-col"> 267 <div class="grid-full"><h3>TESTING</h3></div> 268 269 270 <div class="grid-left"> 271 <p class="lambertsen-sans">Upon graduating with a Doctorate of Medicine in 1943, Lambertsen commissioned into the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and was detailed to the OSS Maritime Unit (MU). Lambertsen continued to develop the LARU, coming up with several variations during the war. In addition, he personally trained two MU swimming groups on the use of the LARU, while at the same time writing and refining the program of instruction.</p> 272 273 <p class="lambertsen-sans">He also developed additional underwater equipment, including a device that allowed swimmers to communicate with each other at ranges of up to a hundred yards, a compass, and a neutral buoyancy container to help swimmers tow demolitions. This equipment, as well as pushing boundaries for the employment of the LARU through aggressive training, opened new possibilities for the employment of combat divers.</p> 274 275 <p class="lambertsen-sans">In late 1944, Captain Lambertsen deployed to Burma with a MU swimming group that conducted amphibious reconnaissance missions for the British XV Indian Corps as it secured the Arakan Coast prior to liberating Rangoon from the Japanese. Although they found that the LARU was not suitable in the murky waters of coastal Burma, the MU successfully worked in conjunction with an OSS Operational Group to help secure the coast.</p> 276 </div> 277 278 <div class="grid-4to12"> 279 <div class="arsof-3-col-2sml"> 280 281 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 282 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/6.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Swimmer John Booth, USCG, Lt. Jg. Pool 1947. Photo for USN Diving Manual" data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 283 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/6.jpg" alt="Swimmer John Booth, USCG, Lt. Jg. Pool 1947. Photo for USN Diving Manual"></a> 284 </figure> 285 286 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 287 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1a.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lt. John Booth wearing LARU, showing Lambertsen technique. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus from which U.S. Self-Contained Diving Evolved. Silver Springs, FL. 1947." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 288 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1a.jpg" alt="Lt. John Booth wearing LARU, showing Lambertsen technique."></a> 289 </figure> 290 291 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 292 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/5a.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Sleeping Beauty and its pilot making the first successful rendezvous and docking with a submerged and underway submarine. (CL in last moment of landing on underway USS Quillback foredeck St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Oct. 1948)." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 293 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/5a.jpg" alt="Sleeping Beauty and its pilot making the first successful rendezvous and docking with a submerged and underway submarine."></a> 294 </figure> 295 296 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 297 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/22.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Sleeping Beauty approaching landing on USS Quillback, 1948" data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 298 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/22.jpg" alt="Sleeping Beauty approaching landing on USS Quillback, 1948"></a> 299 </figure> 300 301 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 302 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/23.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Diver exits Sleeping Beauty at bottom." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 303 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/23.jpg" alt="Diver exits Sleeping Beauty at bottom."></a> 304 </figure> 305 306 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 307 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/26.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lambertsen-designed neutral-boyancy container." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 308 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/26.jpg" alt="Lambertsen-designed neutral-boyancy container."></a> 309 </figure> 310 311 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 312 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/38.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="GM2
312C Norm Wicker, USN, and GM2C John Spence, USN on prototype of the silent electric surfboard wearing LARU MK II. Silver Springs, 1943." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 313 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/38.jpg" alt="GM2C Norm Wicker, USN, and GM2C John Spence, USN on prototype of the silent electric surfboard wearing LARU MK II."></a> 314 </figure> 315 316 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 317 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/214.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Two Sleeping Beauties on the cradles, Feb/March 1945, Galle, Ceylon." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 318 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/214.jpg" alt="Two Sleeping Beauties on the cradles, Feb/March 1945, Galle, Ceylon."></a> 319 </figure> 320 321 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 322 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/336.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Back View of rebreather." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 323 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/336.jpg" alt="Back View of rebreather."></a> 324 </figure> 325 326 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 327 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/337.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lambertsen limbing up onto dock after a test of an early rebreather." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 328 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/337.jpg" alt="Lambertsen limbing up onto dock after a test of an early rebreather."></a> 329 </figure> 330 331 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 332 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/404.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lt. Chris Lambertsen, U.S. Army, MC, Lt. Fred Wadley, U.S. Army, Maj Al Lichtman, USMC, and Lt. Dennis Roberts, Chief, Maritime Unit, standing in the Norman Scott Natatorium by the pool at Annapolis, Oct/Nov. 1944." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 333 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/404.jpg" alt="Lt. Chris Lambertsen, U.S. Army, MC, Lt. Fred Wadley, U.S. Army, Maj Al Lichtman, USMC, and Lt. Dennis Roberts, Chief, Maritime Unit."></a> 334 </figure> 335 336 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 337 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/447.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Operational Swimmer from Group II wearing LARU Model 10 climbing over Torpedo Net Defenses in Guantanamo Bay Cuba, Sept. 1944." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 338 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/447.jpg" alt="Operational Swimmer from Group II wearing LARU Model 10 climbing over Torpedo Net Defenses in Guantanamo Bay Cuba, Sept. 1944."></a> 339 </figure> 340 341 </div> 342 </div> 343 </article> 344 345 <article class="arsof-12-col"> 346 <div class="grid-full"> 347 <figure class="arsof-video-group img-fluid"> 348 <div class="ratio ratio-16x9"> 349 <lite-youtube videoid="n0e2fonsUuA"></lite-youtube> 350 </div> 351 <figcaption class="arsof-av-desc">Underwater Operations</figcaption> 352 </figure> 353 </div> 354 355 356</article> 357</div> 358</section> 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370<!-- SECTION 4 --> 371<section class="sect-4-deployment"> 372 <div class="container"> 373 374 <article class="arsof-6-col"> 375 <div class="grid-full"><h3>DEPLOYMENT</h3></div> 376 377 378 <div class="grid-left"> 379 <p class="lambertsen-sans">After the war, Major Lambertsen remained in the Army Reserves. He served on national-level underwater warfare boards and continued to train the Coast Guard, Navy, and Army in the use of the LARU and helped them develop underwater search and rescue and warfare techniques.</p> 380 381 <p class="lambertsen-sans">Additionally, he was the founder and director of the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Environmental Medicine where he continued to develop equipment that would assist underwater warfare.</p> 382 383 <p class="lambertsen-sans">His research into the effects of gasses on the human body pushed human limits in both deep water and space. Dr. Lambertsen is the namesake for the United States Special Operations Command’s Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen Award for Operational Innovation. In 2022, he was posthumously awarded the Special Forces tab for his OSS service.</p> 384 </div> 385 386 <div class="grid-4to12"> 387 <div class="arsof-3-col-2sml"> 388 389 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 390 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1510.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Tweedy at bottom of anti-submarine net." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 391 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1510.jpg" alt="Tweedy at bottom of anti-submarine net."></a> 392 </figure> 393 394 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 395 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/961.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="On board USS Burrfish before Gagil Tomil Island Mission, 18 August 1944. Recon Team during pre-mission dinner. (l to r) William E. Moore, Warren R. Christensen, ??, John C. MacMahon (KIA), and Leonard L. Barnhill." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 396 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/961.jpg" alt="On board USS Burrfish before Gagil Tomil Island Mission, 18 August 1944. Recon Team during pre-mission dinner."></a> 397 </figure> 398 399 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 400 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/962.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="On board USS Burrfish before Gagil Tomil Island Mission, 18 August 1944. Recon Team during pre-mission equipment check. (l to r) John E. Ball, John C. MacMahon (KIA), Robert A. Black Jr. (KIA), Emmet L. Carpenter, Howard 'Red' Carpenter." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 401 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/962.jpg" alt="On board USS Burrfish before Gagil Tomil Island Mission, 18 August 1944. Recon Team during pre-mission equipment check."></a> 402 </figure> 403 404 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 405 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1027.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Underwater Demolition Team logo." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 406 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1027.jpg" alt="Underwater Demolition Team logo."></a> 407 </figure> 408 409 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 410 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1051.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Underwater Demolition Team beach landing." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 411 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1051.jpg" alt="Underwater Demolition Team beach landing."></a> 412 </figure> 413 414 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 415 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1063.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Diver with mine." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 416 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1063.jpg" alt="Diver with mine."></a> 417 </figure> 418 419 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 420 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1068.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="S-48, 'ghost fleet' used to test underwater techniques post-WWII." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 421 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1068.jpg" alt="S-48, 'ghost fleet' used to test underwater techniques post-WWII."></a> 422 </figure> 423 424 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 425 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1179.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Landing ships offload at Ramree Island, 1945." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 426 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1179.jpg" alt="Landing ships offload at Ramree Island, 1945."></a> 427 </figure> 428 429 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 430 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1216.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="OSS Detachment 404 AFU 06 on inspection." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 431 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1216.jpg" alt="OSS Detachment 404 AFU 06 on inspection."></a> 432 </figure> 433 434 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 435 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1227.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="MU craft P-101 at high speed." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 436 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1227.jpg" alt="MU craft P-101 at high speed."></a> 437 </figure> 438 439 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 440 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1231.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lord Louis Montbatten Cmdr-in-chief, South East Asia Command, Arrives for Inspection of Detachment 404, Teknoff, India." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 441 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1231.jpg" alt="Lord Louis Montbatten Cmdr-in-chief, South East Asia Command, Arrives for Inspection of Detachment 404, Teknoff, India."></a> 442 </figure> 443 444 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 445 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1241.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Lord Louis Montbatten visiting Arakan Field Unit of Detachment 404 Office of Strategic Services. Te
445knoff, India. December 1944." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 446 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1241.jpg" alt="Lord Louis Montbatten visiting Arakan Field Unit of Detachment 404 Office of Strategic Services. Teknoff, India. December 1944."></a> 447 </figure> 448 449 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 450 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1268.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Two Maritime Unit personnel in kayaks participating in Operation BOSTON." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 451 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1268.jpg" alt="Two Maritime Unit personnel in kayaks participating in Operation BOSTON."></a> 452 </figure> 453 454 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 455 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1269.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="OSS Operational Group/Maritime Unit Officer Group. Kyaukpyu, Ramree Island, Burma early 1945. Seated: Lt. O'Jibway, Capt. Sam Regan, Capt. George Bright, Major Lloyd Peddicord, (C.O.), Standing: Capt. Chris Lambertsen (MC), Lt. Hugh McDevitt, ??, Lt. John Archbold (USNR), Cmdr. Derek Lee, Lt. John Babb (USN), ??, Capt. Trois Johnson (MC)" data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 456 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1269.jpg" alt="Officer Group."></a> 457 </figure> 458 459 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 460 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1272.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="OSS OG/MU team receiving a briefing for a mission off the Arakan Coast of Burma." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 461 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1272.jpg" alt="OSS OG/MU team receiving a briefing for a mission off the Arakan Coast of Burma."></a> 462 </figure> 463 464 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 465 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1491.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="SGTs Johnson and McCarron of the Aerial Delivery Equipment Division, US Army Natick Laboratories, checks the oxygen and harness of the HALO (High Altitude Low Opening) parachute assembly. The assembly consists of three major components: the main parachute assembly, the harness assembly, the reserve parachute assembly. The parachute incorporates a 2-stage, free fall parachute system, using a small stabilization parachute for the first stage, which permits the jumper to fall at three-quarters the free fall terminal velocity of the human body, while keeping him in an upright position. The second stage or man-recovery parachute is activated at a predetermined altitude by a pressure-sensing device. 1964." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 466 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1491.jpg" alt="SGTs Johnson and McCarron of the Aerial Delivery Equipment Division, US Army Natick Laboratories, checks the oxygen and harness of the HALO (High Altitude Low Opening) parachute assembly."></a> 467 </figure> 468 469 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 470 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1500.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Sleeping Beauty through torpedo net." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 471 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1500.jpg" alt="Sleeping Beauty through torpedo net."></a> 472 </figure> 473 474 <figure class="arsof-photo-group my-0"> 475 <a class="mobx" href="images/800/1504.jpg" data-rel="gallery" data-title="Close up of cutting anti-submarine net." data-desc="Image credit: U.S. Army"> 476 <img class="img-fluid" loading="lazy" src="images/400sq/1504.jpg" alt="Close up of cutting anti-submarine net."></a> 477 </figure> 478 479 </div> 480 </div> 481</article> 482 483<article class="arsof-12-col"> 484 485 <div class="grid-full"> 486 <figure class="arsof-video-group img-fluid"> 487 <div class="ratio ratio-16x9"> 488 <lite-youtube videoid="5BXGzpSOfNE"></lite-youtube> 489 </div>
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