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102                            <li class="navbar__item">
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110              <a
111                href="/docs.php"
112                aria-current="page"                class="navbar__link navbar__link--active "
113              >
114                                  Documentation                              </a>
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120              >
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268</svg>      </button>
269    </div>
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271    <div
272      id="navbar__backdrop"
273      class="navbar__backdrop"
274    ></div>
275  </div>
276
277  <div id="flash-message"></div>
278</nav>
279<nav id="trick"><div><dl>
280<dt><a href='/manual/en/getting-started.php'>Getting Started</a></dt>
281	<dd><a href='/manual/en/introduction.php'>Introduction</a></dd>
282	<dd><a href='/manual/en/tutorial.php'>
282A simple tutorial</a></dd>
283<dt><a href='/manual/en/langref.php'>Language Reference</a></dt>
284	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.basic-syntax.php'>Basic syntax</a></dd>
285	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.types.php'>Types</a></dd>
286	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.variables.php'>Variables</a></dd>
287	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.constants.php'>Constants</a></dd>
288	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.expressions.php'>Expressions</a></dd>
289	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.operators.php'>Operators</a></dd>
290	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.control-structures.php'>Control Structures</a></dd>
291	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.functions.php'>Functions</a></dd>
292	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.oop5.php'>Classes and Objects</a></dd>
293	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.namespaces.php'>Namespaces</a></dd>
294	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.enumerations.php'>Enumerations</a></dd>
295	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.errors.php'>Errors</a></dd>
296	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.exceptions.php'>Exceptions</a></dd>
297	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.fibers.php'>Fibers</a></dd>
298	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.generators.php'>Generators</a></dd>
299	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.attributes.php'>Attributes</a></dd>
300	<dd><a href='/manual/en/language.references.php'>References Explained</a></dd>
301	<dd><a href='/manual/en/reserved.variables.php'>Predefined Variables</a></dd>
302	<dd><a href='/manual/en/reserved.exceptions.php'>Predefined Exceptions</a></dd>
303	<dd><a href='/manual/en/reserved.interfaces.php'>Predefined Interfaces and Classes</a></dd>
304	<dd><a href='/manual/en/reserved.attributes.php'>Predefined Attributes</a></dd>
305	<dd><a href='/manual/en/context.php'>Context options and parameters</a></dd>
306	<dd><a href='/manual/en/wrappers.php'>Supported Protocols and Wrappers</a></dd>
307</dl>
308<dl>
309<dt><a href='/manual/en/security.php'>Security</a></dt>
310	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.intro.php'>Introduction</a></dd>
311	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.general.php'>General considerations</a></dd>
312	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.cgi-bin.php'>Installed as CGI binary</a></dd>
313	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.apache.php'>Installed as an Apache module</a></dd>
314	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.sessions.php'>Session Security</a></dd>
315	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.filesystem.php'>Filesystem Security</a></dd>
316	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.database.php'>Database Security</a></dd>
317	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.errors.php'>Error Reporting</a></dd>
318	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.variables.php'>User Submitted Data</a></dd>
319	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.hiding.php'>Hiding PHP</a></dd>
320	<dd><a href='/manual/en/security.current.php'>Keeping Current</a></dd>
321<dt><a href='/manual/en/features.php'>Features</a></dt>
322	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.http-auth.php'>HTTP authentication with PHP</a></dd>
323	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.cookies.php'>Cookies</a></dd>
324	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.sessions.php'>Sessions</a></dd>
325	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.file-upload.php'>Handling file uploads</a></dd>
326	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.remote-files.php'>Using remote files</a></dd>
327	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.connection-handling.php'>Connection handling</a></dd>
328	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.persistent-connections.php'>Persistent Database Connections</a></dd>
329	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.commandline.php'>Command line usage</a></dd>
330	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.gc.php'>Garbage Collection</a></dd>
331	<dd><a href='/manual/en/features.dtrace.php'>DTrace Dynamic Tracing</a></dd>
332</dl>
333<dl>
334<dt><a href='/manual/en/funcref.php'>Function Reference</a></dt>
335	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.basic.php.php'>Affecting PHP's Behaviour</a></dd>
336	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.audio.php'>Audio Formats Manipulation</a></dd>
337	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.remote.auth.php'>Authentication Services</a></dd>
338	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.cmdline.php'>Command Line Specific Extensions</a></dd>
339	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.compression.php'>Compression and Archive Extensions</a></dd>
340	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.crypto.php'>Cryptography Extensions</a></dd>
341	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.database.php'>Database Extensions</a></dd>
342	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.calendar.php'>Date and Time Related Extensions</a></dd>
343	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.fileprocess.file.php'>File System Related Extensions</a></dd>
344	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.international.php'>Human Language and
345 Character Encoding Support</a></dd>
346	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.image.php'>Image Processing and Generation</a></dd>
347	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.remote.mail.php'>Mail Related Extensions</a></dd>
348	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.math.php'>Mathematical Extensions</a></dd>
349	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.nontext.php'>Non-Text MIME Output</a></dd>
350	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.fileprocess.process.php'>Process Control Extensions</a></dd>
351	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.basic.other.php'>Other Basic Extensions</a></dd>
352	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.remote.other.php'>Other Services</a></dd>
353	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.search.php'>Search Engine Extensions</a></dd>
354	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.server.php'>Server Specific Extensions</a></dd>
355	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.basic.session.php'>Session Extensions</a></dd>
356	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.basic.text.php'>Text Processing</a></dd>
357	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.basic.vartype.php'>Variable and Type Related Extensions</a></dd>
358	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.webservice.php'>Web Services</a></dd>
359	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.utilspec.windows.php'>Windows Only Extensions</a></dd>
360	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.xml.php'>XML Manipulation</a></dd>
361	<dd><a href='/manual/en/refs.ui.php'>GUI Extensions</a></dd>
362</dl>
363<dl>
364<dt>Keyboard Shortcuts</dt><dt>?</dt>
365<dd>This help</dd>
366<dt>j</dt>
367<dd>Next menu item</dd>
368<dt>k</dt>
369<dd>Previous menu item</dd>
370<dt>g p</dt>
371<dd>Previous man page</dd>
372<dt>g n</dt>
373<dd>Next man page</dd>
374<dt>G</dt>
375<dd>Scroll to bottom</dd>
376<dt>g g</dt>
377<dd>Scroll to top</dd>
378<dt>g h</dt>
379<dd>Goto homepage</dd>
380<dt>g s</dt>
381<dd>Goto search<br>(current page)</dd>
382<dt>/</dt>
383<dd>Focus search box</dd>
384</dl></div></nav>
385<div id="goto">
386    <div class="search">
387         <div class="text"></div>
388         <div class="results"><ul></ul></div>
389   </div>
390</div>
391
392
393
394
395
396<div id="layout" class="clearfix">
397  <section id="layout-content">
398
399<h1>Documentation</h1>
400<p>
401 The PHP Manual is available online in a selection of languages.
402 Please pick a language from the list below.
403</p>
404
405<p>
406  View Online:
407<strong><a href="/manual/en/">English</a>,
408</strong><a href="/manual/de/">German</a>,
409<a href="/manual/es/">Spanish</a>,
410<a href="/manual/fr/">French</a>,
411<a href="/manual/it/">Italian</a>,
412<a href="/manual/ja/">Japanese</a>,
413<a href="/manual/pt_BR/">Brazilian Portuguese</a>,
414<a href="/manual/ru/">Russian</a>,
415<a href="/manual/tr/">Turkish</a>,
416<a href="/manual/uk/">Ukrainian</a>,
417<a href="/manual/zh/">Chinese (Simplified)</a>
418</p>
419
420<p>
421 Note that many languages are still being translated, and
422 the untranslated parts are still in English. Some translated
423 parts might be outdated. The translation teams are
424 <a href="https://doc.php.net/">open to contributions</a>.
425</p>
426
427<p>
428 The language currently being used as the default for you should be in
429 <strong>bold</strong> above. You can change the setting for this on the
430 <a href="/my.php">My PHP.net customization page</a>.
431</p>
432
433<p>
434 For downloadable formats, please visit our
435 <a href="download-docs.php">documentation downloads</a> page.
436</p>
437
438<p>
439 Information about php.net URL shortcuts can be found by visiting our
440 <a href="/urlhowto.php">Navigation tips &amp; tricks page</a>.
441</p>
442
443<h2 class="content-header">More documentation</h2>
444<ul class="content-box listed">
445 <li>
446  If you are interested in how the documentation is edited and translated,
447  you should read the <a href="https://doc.php.net/guide/">contribution guide</a>.
448 </li>
449 <li>
450  <a href="https://pear.php.net/manual/">Documentation of PEAR and the various
451  packages</a> can be found on a separate server.
452 </li>
453 <li>
454  You can still read a copy of the original <a href="/manual/phpfi2.php">PHP/FI
455  2.0 Manual</a> on our site, which we only host for historical purposes.
456  The same applies to the <a href="/manual/php3.php">PHP 3 Manual</a>.
457 </li>
458 <li>
459  The PHP 4 and PHP 5 documentation has been removed from the
460  manual, but archived versions still exist. For
461  more information, please read <a href="/manual/php4.php">
462  Documentation for PHP 4</a> and <a href="manual/php5.php">
463  Documentation for 5</a>, respectively.
464 </li>
465</ul>
466
467    </section><!-- layout-content -->
468    
469
470  </div><!-- layout -->
471
472  <footer>
473    <div class="container footer-content">
474      <div class="row-fluid">
475      <ul class="footmenu">
476        <li><a href="/copyright.php">Copyright &copy; 2001-2026 The PHP Group</a></li>
477        <li><a href="/my.php">My PHP.net</a></li>
478        <li><a href="/contact.php">Contact</a></li>
479        <li><a href="/sites.php">Other PHP.net sites</a></li>
480        <li><a href="/privacy.php">Privacy policy</a></li>
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492
493<script type="module" src="/cached.php?t=&amp;f=/js/interactive-examples.js"></script>
493
494
495<a id="toTop" href="javascript:;"><span id="toTopHover"></span><img width="40" height="40" alt="To Top" src="/images/[email protected]"></a>
496
497<div id="search-modal__backdrop" class="search-modal__backdrop">
498  <div
499    role="dialog"
500    aria-label="Search modal"
501    id="search-modal"
502    class="search-modal"
503  >
504    <div class="search-modal__header">
505      <div class="search-modal__form">
506        <div class="search-modal__input-icon">
507          <!-- https://feathericons.com search -->
508          <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
509            aria-hidden="true"
510            width="24"
511            viewBox="0 0 24 24"
512            fill="none"
513            stroke="currentColor"
514            stroke-width="2"
515            stroke-linecap="round"
516            stroke-linejoin="round"
517          >
518            <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle>
519            <line x1="21" y1="21" x2="16.65" y2="16.65"></line>
520          </svg>
521        </div>
522        <input
523          type="search"
524          id="search-modal__input"
525          class="search-modal__input"
526          placeholder="Search docs"
527          aria-label="Search docs"
528        />
529      </div>
530
531      <button aria-label="Close" class="search-modal__close">
532        <!-- https://pictogrammers.com/library/mdi/icon/close/ -->
533        <svg
534          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
535          aria-hidden="true"
536          width="24"
537          viewBox="0 0 24 24"
538        >
539          <path d="M19,6.41L17.59,5L12,10.59L6.41,5L5,6.41L10.59,12L5,17.59L6.41,19L12,13.41L17.59,19L19,17.59L13.41,12L19,6.41Z"/>
540        </svg>
541      </button>
542    </div>
543    <div
544      role="listbox"
545      aria-label="Search results"
546      id="search-modal__results"
547      class="search-modal__results"
548    ></div>
549    <div class="search-modal__helper-text">
550      <div>
551        <kbd>↑</kbd> and <kbd>↓</kbd> to navigate •
552        <kbd>Enter</kbd> to select •
553        <kbd>Esc</kbd> to close • <kbd>/</kbd> to open
554      </div>
555      <div>
556        Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> without
557        selection to search using Google
558      </div>
559    </div>
560  </div>
561</div>
562
563</body>
564</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.