1<!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 4<html lang="en"> 5 <head> 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 7 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 8 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1"> 9 <meta name="author" content="APILAM"> 10 11<meta name="description" content="<p><strong>SUMMARY OF COMMENT: </strong></p> 12 13<p><strong><span style="color:#73ae42">Breastfeeding is the best option and the safest form of feeding in war situations.</span></strong></p> 14 15<p>During emergencies, including natural disasters and armed conflict, breastfeeding is vitally important. Breastfeeding provides reliable nutrition and protection against infectious diseases, without the need for potable water, feeding utensils, electricity, or external supplies.<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 16 17<p style="text-align:center">_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_</p> 18 19<p>War is an endemic disease of humanity. It is a catastrophe caused by adults, usually middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup>&nbsp;(Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 20 21<p>Endemic disease of humanity. Catastrophe caused by adults, generally middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup> (Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 22 23<p>War is associated with a decrease in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and an increase in the use of infant formula, which implies even more serious risks to children&rsquo;s health. <strong>Infants in disaster situations fed with commercial milk formulas (<span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span>) have a high mortality rate</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020, Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019 and 2018, Habek 2016, Andersson 2010, Guerrero 2009, O&rsquo;Connor 2001, Robertson 1995, Sapir 1993)</sup>&nbsp;</p> 24 25<p><strong>The consequences of a war are especially serious for children and women</strong>, with mortality, decreased life expectancy, anemia, nutritional and growth disorders, psychological disorders, sexual violence and greater suffering of women compared to men.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019, Guerrero 2009, Sapir 1993)</sup></p> 26 27<p>Although the lack of access to <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> could lead to an increase in breastfeeding as the only option<sup> (Diwakar 2019)</sup>, it has been observed that displacement, poor diet and stress suffered by mothers <sup>(Summers 2018)</sup>, separation, death or serious trauma to the mother<sup> (O&rsquo;Connor 2001)</sup>, lack of promotion and support of breastfeeding by aid agencies<sup> (Andersson 2010)</sup>, poor breastfeeding training of health care workers<sup> (Robertson 1995) </sup>and <strong>systematic free distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> by international and local humanitarian agencies</strong><sup> (Zakanj 2000) </sup><strong>in war-affected areas are the causes of the decline in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020)</sup></p> 28 29<p>To mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, a humanitarian action is needed which focuses on helping mothers cope with conflict-related stress and displacement through support for maternal mental health and psychosocial support programs.<sup> (Summers 2018)</sup></p> 30 31<p><strong>Protecting a woman&rsquo;
31s right to breastfeeding in emergencies is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes</strong><sup> (MirMohamadaliIe 2019)</sup>. Breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support should be included in all emergency preparedness plans and staff training; <strong>emergency protocols should include breastfeeding specialists among emergency relief personnel</strong>&nbsp;<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup>. Breastfeeding has enabled babies to survive even under the direst circumstances.<sup> (Eidelman 2013)</sup></p> 32 33<p><strong>Specialized breastfeeding support for conflict-affected mothers is a matter of utmost urgency</strong>, both during and after periods of conflict, as it can provide more sustainable benefits and with fewer unintended consequences than the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span>.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019)</sup></p> 34 35<p><strong>Breastfeeding is the most effective way to provide perfect and adequate nutrients, even in emergency situations</strong> where the nutritional status of mothers is affected<sup> (Nidzvetska 2017)</sup>. Promoting and supporting breastfeeding and limiting the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span> by international aid agencies prevents the increase in malnutrition that occurs during armed conflicts.<sup> (Andersson 2010, IBFAN 2009, Robertson 1995, Moro 1995)</sup></p> 36 37<p><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Non-breastfed infants are an at-risk group and should be identified</strong></span>; return to breastfeeding (relactation), wet nursing and donor milk should be considered in their support. Donations of CMF, bottles or nipples, and breast pumps should not be accepted in emergency situations without controlled supply, storage, preparation, and administration; they should be reserved exclusively for infants who cannot be breastfed.<sup>&nbsp;(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 38 39<p><strong>There are international protocols on infant and young child feeding in emergencies</strong>.<sup> (CDC 2022, Save the Children 2020, IFE 2017)</sup></p> 40 41<p>In war and natural disasters, the WHO &ldquo;Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children in Emergencies&rdquo;<sup> (WHO 2004) </sup>should be followed:</p> 42 43<ul> 44 <li><strong>Principles 1 and 2</strong>: Infants born to emergency-affected populations should be exclusively breastfed from birth to 6 months of age. Every effort should be made to identify alternative ways of breastfeeding babies whose biological mothers are not available. Create and maintain an environment that encourages frequent breastfeeding for children up to two years of age or older.</li> 45 <li><strong>Principle 3</strong>: The quantity, distribution and use of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMFs</strong></span> should be strictly controlled in emergency settings.</li> 46</ul>"><meta property="og:title" content="War: Level of risk for breastfeeding according to e-lactancia.org"><meta property="og:url" content="http://e-lactancia.org/breastfeeding/war/product/"><meta property="og:description" content="<p><strong>SUMMARY OF COMMENT: </strong></p> 47 48<p><strong><span style="color:#73ae42">Breastfeeding is the best option and the safest form of feeding in war situations.</span></strong></p> 49 50<p>During emergencies, including natural disasters and armed conflict, breastfeeding is vitally important. Breastfeeding provides reliable nutrition and protection against infectious diseases, without the need for potable water, feeding utensils, electricity, or external supplies.<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 51 52<p style="text-align:center">_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_</p> 53 54<p>War is an endemic disease of humanity. It is a catastrophe caused by adults, usually middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup>&nbsp;(Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 55 56<p>Endemic disease of humanity. Catastrophe caused by adults, generally middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup> (Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 57 58<p>War is associated with a decrease in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and an increase in the use of infant formula, which implies even more serious risks to children&rsquo;s health. <strong>Infants in disaster situations fed with commercial milk formulas (<span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span>) have a high mortality rate</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020, Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019 and 2018, Habek 2016, Andersson 2010, Guerrero 2009, O&rsquo;Connor 2001, Robertson 1995, Sapir 1993)</sup>&nbsp;</p> 59 60<p><strong>The consequences of a war are especially serious for children and women</strong>, with mortality, decreased life expectancy, anemia, nutritional and growth disorders, psychological disorders, sexual violence and greater suffering of women compared to men.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019, Guerrero 2009, Sapir 1993)</sup></p> 61 62<p>Although the lack of access to <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> could lead to an increase in breastfeeding as the only option<sup> (Diwakar 2019)</sup>, it has been observed that displacement, poor diet and stress suffered by mothers <sup>(Summers 2018)</sup>, separation, death or serious trauma to the mother<sup> (O&rsquo;Connor 2001)</sup>, lack of promotion and support of breastfeeding by aid agencies<sup> (Andersson 2010)</sup>, poor breastfeeding training of health care workers<sup> (Robertson 1995) </sup>and <strong>systematic free distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> by international and local humanitarian agencies</strong><sup> (Zakanj 2000) </sup><strong>in war-affected areas are the causes of the decline in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020)</sup></p> 63 64<p>To mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, a humanitarian action is needed which focu
64ses on helping mothers cope with conflict-related stress and displacement through support for maternal mental health and psychosocial support programs.<sup> (Summers 2018)</sup></p> 65 66<p><strong>Protecting a woman&rsquo;s right to breastfeeding in emergencies is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes</strong><sup> (MirMohamadaliIe 2019)</sup>. Breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support should be included in all emergency preparedness plans and staff training; <strong>emergency protocols should include breastfeeding specialists among emergency relief personnel</strong>&nbsp;<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup>. Breastfeeding has enabled babies to survive even under the direst circumstances.<sup> (Eidelman 2013)</sup></p> 67 68<p><strong>Specialized breastfeeding support for conflict-affected mothers is a matter of utmost urgency</strong>, both during and after periods of conflict, as it can provide more sustainable benefits and with fewer unintended consequences than the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span>.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019)</sup></p> 69 70<p><strong>Breastfeeding is the most effective way to provide perfect and adequate nutrients, even in emergency situations</strong> where the nutritional status of mothers is affected<sup> (Nidzvetska 2017)</sup>. Promoting and supporting breastfeeding and limiting the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span> by international aid agencies prevents the increase in malnutrition that occurs during armed conflicts.<sup> (Andersson 2010, IBFAN 2009, Robertson 1995, Moro 1995)</sup></p> 71 72<p><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Non-breastfed infants are an at-risk group and should be identified</strong></span>; return to breastfeeding (relactation), wet nursing and donor milk should be considered in their support. Donations of CMF, bottles or nipples, and breast pumps should not be accepted in emergency situations without controlled supply, storage, preparation, and administration; they should be reserved exclusively for infants who cannot be breastfed.<sup>&nbsp;(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 73 74<p><strong>There are international protocols on infant and young child feeding in emergencies</strong>.<sup> (CDC 2022, Save the Children 2020, IFE 2017)</sup></p> 75 76<p>In war and natural disasters, the WHO &ldquo;Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children in Emergencies&rdquo;<sup> (WHO 2004) </sup>should be followed:</p> 77 78<ul> 79 <li><strong>Principles 1 and 2</strong>: Infants born to emergency-affected populations should be exclusively breastfed from birth to 6 months of age. Every effort should be made to identify alternative ways of breastfeeding babies whose biological mothers are not available. Create and maintain an environment that encourages frequent breastfeeding for children up to two years of age or older.</li> 80 <li><strong>Principle 3</strong>: The quantity, distribution and use of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMFs</strong></span> should be strictly controlled in emergency settings.</li> 81</ul>"><meta property="og:image" content="https://e-lactancia.org/static/img/RRSS-elactancia_EN.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://e-lactancia.org/static/img/RRSS-elactancia_EN.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="e-lactancia.org"><meta property="og:locale" content="en"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="e-lactancia.org"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="War: Level of risk for breastfeeding according to e-lactancia.org"><meta name="twitter:url" content="http://e-lactancia.org/breastfeeding/war/product/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="<p><strong>SUMMARY OF COMMENT: </strong></p> 82 83<p><strong><span style="color:#73ae42">Breastfeeding is the best option and the safest form of feeding in war situations.</span></strong></p> 84 85<p>
85During emergencies, including natural disasters and armed conflict, breastfeeding is vitally important. Breastfeeding provides reliable nutrition and protection against infectious diseases, without the need for potable water, feeding utensils, electricity, or external supplies.<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 86 87<p style="text-align:center">_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_</p> 88 89<p>War is an endemic disease of humanity. It is a catastrophe caused by adults, usually middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup>&nbsp;(Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 90 91<p>Endemic disease of humanity. Catastrophe caused by adults, generally middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup> (Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 92 93<p>War is associated with a decrease in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and an increase in the use of infant formula, which implies even more serious risks to children&rsquo;s health. <strong>Infants in disaster situations fed with commercial milk formulas (<span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span>) have a high mortality rate</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020, Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019 and 2018, Habek 2016, Andersson 2010, Guerrero 2009, O&rsquo;Connor 2001, Robertson 1995, Sapir 1993)</sup>&nbsp;</p> 94 95<p><strong>The consequences of a war are especially serious for children and women</strong>, with mortality, decreased life expectancy, anemia, nutritional and growth disorders, psychological disorders, sexual violence and greater suffering of women compared to men.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019, Guerrero 2009, Sapir 1993)</sup></p> 96 97<p>Although the lack of access to <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> could lead to an increase in breastfeeding as the only option<sup> (Diwakar 2019)</sup>, it has been observed that displacement, poor diet and stress suffered by mothers <sup>(Summers 2018)</sup>, separation, death or serious trauma to the mother<sup> (O&rsquo;Connor 2001)</sup>, lack of promotion and support of breastfeeding by aid agencies<sup> (Andersson 2010)</sup>, poor breastfeeding training of health care workers<sup> (Robertson 1995) </sup>and <strong>systematic free distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> by international and local humanitarian agencies</strong><sup> (Zakanj 2000) </sup><strong>in war-affected areas are the causes of the decline in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020)</sup></p> 98 99<p>To mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, a humanitarian action is needed which focuses on helping mothers cope with conflict-related stress and displacement through support for maternal mental health and psychosocial support programs.<sup> (Summers 2018)</sup></p> 100 101<p><strong>Protecting a woman&rsquo;s right to breastfeeding in emergencies is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes</strong><sup> (MirMohamadaliIe 2019)</sup>. Breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support should be included in all emergency preparedness plans and staff training; <strong>emergency protocols should include breastfeeding specialists among emergency relief personnel</strong>&nbsp;<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup>. Breastfeeding has enabled babies to survive even under the direst circumstances.<sup> (Eidelman 2013)</sup></p> 102 103<p><strong>Specialized breastfeeding support for conflict-affected mothers is a matter of utmost urgency</strong>
103, both during and after periods of conflict, as it can provide more sustainable benefits and with fewer unintended consequences than the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span>.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019)</sup></p> 104 105<p><strong>Breastfeeding is the most effective way to provide perfect and adequate nutrients, even in emergency situations</strong> where the nutritional status of mothers is affected<sup> (Nidzvetska 2017)</sup>. Promoting and supporting breastfeeding and limiting the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span> by international aid agencies prevents the increase in malnutrition that occurs during armed conflicts.<sup> (Andersson 2010, IBFAN 2009, Robertson 1995, Moro 1995)</sup></p> 106 107<p><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Non-breastfed infants are an at-risk group and should be identified</strong></span>; return to breastfeeding (relactation), wet nursing and donor milk should be considered in their support. Donations of CMF, bottles or nipples, and breast pumps should not be accepted in emergency situations without controlled supply, storage, preparation, and administration; they should be reserved exclusively for infants who cannot be breastfed.<sup>&nbsp;(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 108 109<p><strong>There are international protocols on infant and young child feeding in emergencies</strong>.<sup> (CDC 2022, Save the Children 2020, IFE 2017)</sup></p> 110 111<p>In war and natural disasters, the WHO &ldquo;Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children in Emergencies&rdquo;<sup> (WHO 2004) </sup>should be followed:</p> 112 113<ul> 114 <li><strong>Principles 1 and 2</strong>: Infants born to emergency-affected populations should be exclusively breastfed from birth to 6 months of age. Every effort should be made to identify alternative ways of breastfeeding babies whose biological mothers are not available. Create and maintain an environment that encourages frequent breastfeeding for children up to two years of age or older.</li> 115 <li><strong>Principle 3</strong>: The quantity, distribution and use of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMFs</strong></span> should be strictly controlled in emergency settings.</li> 116</ul>"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://e-lactancia.org/static/img/RRSS-elactancia_EN.jpg"> 117 118 119 120 <title> War and breastfeeding. Are they compatible?</title> 121
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393During emergencies, including natural disasters and armed conflict, breastfeeding is vitally important. Breastfeeding provides reliable nutrition and protection against infectious diseases, without the need for potable water, feeding utensils, electricity, or external supplies.<sup>(ABM 2024)</sup></p> 394 395<p style="text-align:center">_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_*_</p> 396 397<p>War is an endemic disease of humanity. It is a catastrophe caused by adults, usually middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup> (Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 398 399<p>Endemic disease of humanity. Catastrophe caused by adults, generally middle-aged and male, in which young people are sent to kill, rape and steal and which generates destruction of the social fabric, the health system, poverty, displacement of people, refugees and great mortality among children, women, the elderly and among the young combatants themselves.<sup> (Ben Taleb 2014)</sup></p> 400 401<p>War is associated with a decrease in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and an increase in the use of infant formula, which implies even more serious risks to children’s health. <strong>Infants in disaster situations fed with commercial milk formulas (<span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span>) have a high mortality rate</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020, Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019 and 2018, Habek 2016, Andersson 2010, Guerrero 2009, O’Connor 2001, Robertson 1995, Sapir 1993)</sup> </p> 402 403<p><strong>The consequences of a war are especially serious for children and women</strong>, with mortality, decreased life expectancy, anemia, nutritional and growth disorders, psychological disorders, sexual violence and greater suffering of women compared to men.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019, MirMohamadaliIe 2019, Wagner 2019, Guerrero 2009, Sapir 1993)</sup></p> 404 405<p>Although the lack of access to <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> could lead to an increase in breastfeeding as the only option<sup> (Diwakar 2019)</sup>, it has been observed that displacement, poor diet and stress suffered by mothers <sup>(Summers 2018)</sup>, separation, death or serious trauma to the mother<sup> (O’Connor 2001)</sup>, lack of promotion and support of breastfeeding by aid agencies<sup> (Andersson 2010)</sup>, poor breastfeeding training of health care workers<sup> (Robertson 1995) </sup>and <strong>systematic free distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48">CMF</span> by international and local humanitarian agencies</strong><sup> (Zakanj 2000) </sup><strong>in war-affected areas are the causes of the decline in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding</strong>.<sup> (Rabbani 2020)</sup></p> 406 407<p>To mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, a humanitarian action is needed which focuses on helping mothers cope with conflict-related stress and displacement through support for maternal mental health and psychosocial support programs.<sup> (Summers 2018)</sup></p> 408 409<p><strong>Protecting a woman’s right to breastfeeding in emergencies is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes</strong><sup> (MirMohamadaliIe 2019)</sup>. Breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support should be included in all emergency preparedness plans and staff training; <strong>emergency protocols should include breastfeeding specialists among emergency relief personnel</strong> <sup>(ABM 2024)</sup>. Breastfeeding has enabled babies to survive even under the direst circumstances.<sup> (Eidelman 2013)</sup></p> 410 411<p><strong>Specialized breastfeeding support for conflict-affected mothers is a matter of utmost urgency</strong>, both during and after periods of conflict, as it can provide more sustainable benefits and with fewer unintended consequences than the distribution of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span>.<sup> (Sumbele 2020, Diwakar 2019)</sup></p> 412 413<p><strong>Breastfeeding is the most effective way to provide perfect and adequate nutrients, even in emergency situations</strong> where the nutritional status of mothers is affected<sup> (Nidzvetska 2017)</sup>. Promoting and supporting breastfeeding and limiting the distribution of <sp
413an style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMF</strong></span> by international aid agencies prevents the increase in malnutrition that occurs during armed conflicts.<sup> (Andersson 2010, IBFAN 2009, Robertson 1995, Moro 1995)</sup></p> 414 415<p><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Non-breastfed infants are an at-risk group and should be identified</strong></span>; return to breastfeeding (relactation), wet nursing and donor milk should be considered in their support. Donations of CMF, bottles or nipples, and breast pumps should not be accepted in emergency situations without controlled supply, storage, preparation, and administration; they should be reserved exclusively for infants who cannot be breastfed.<sup> (ABM 2024)</sup></p> 416 417<p><strong>There are international protocols on infant and young child feeding in emergencies</strong>.<sup> (CDC 2022, Save the Children 2020, IFE 2017)</sup></p> 418 419<p>In war and natural disasters, the WHO “Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children in Emergencies”<sup> (WHO 2004) </sup>should be followed:</p> 420 421<ul> 422 <li><strong>Principles 1 and 2</strong>: Infants born to emergency-affected populations should be exclusively breastfed from birth to 6 months of age. Every effort should be made to identify alternative ways of breastfeeding babies whose biological mothers are not available. Create and maintain an environment that encourages frequent breastfeeding for children up to two years of age or older.</li> 423 <li><strong>Principle 3</strong>: The quantity, distribution and use of <span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>CMFs</strong></span> should be strictly controlled in emergency settings.</li> 424</ul> 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 <br/> 433 434 See below the information of this related product: 435 436 <br/><br/> 437 <ul class="inline"> 438 439 <li><a 440 441 class="link_r0" 442 443 href="/breastfeeding/natural-catastrophe-disaster/product/" target="_blank"><strong>Natural Catastrophe, disaster</strong></a> (Safe product and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)</li> 444 445 </ul> 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 </div> 456 </div> 457 458 459 460 461 </div> 462 463</div> 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471<div class="row iguala_altura top-bottom-margins is-flex visible-xs hidden-sm visible-md visible-lg"> 472 <div class="column col-xs-12 col-md-3"> 473 <div class="row"> 474 <div class="col-xs-3"> 475 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level0-legend"></div> 476 </div> 477 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 478 <p class="small link_r0"><strong>Safe, best option.</strong></p> 479 </div> 480 <div class="col-xs-10"> 481 <p class="small">Compatible</p> 482 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk0" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 483 </div> 484 </div> 485 </div> 486 487 <div class="column col-xs-12 col-md-3"> 488 <div class="row"> 489 <div class="col-xs-3"> 490 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level1-legend"></div> 491 </div> 492 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 493 <p class="small link_r1"><strong>Fairly safe.</strong></p> 494 </div> 495 <div class="col-xs-10"> 496 <p class="small">Likely Compatibility</p> 497 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk1" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 498 </div> 499 </div> 500 </div> 501 502 <div class="column col-xs-12 col-md-3"> 503 <div class="row"> 504 <div class="col-xs-3"> 505 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level2-legend"></div> 506 </div> 507 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 508 <p class="small link_r2"><strong>Unsafe.</strong></p> 509 </div> 510 <div class="col-xs-10"> 511 <p class="small">Limited compatibility</p> 512 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk2" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 513 </div> 514 </div> 515 </div> 516 517 <div class="column col-xs-12 col-md-3"> 518 <div class="row"> 519 <div class="col-xs-3"> 520 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level3-legend"></div> 521 </div> 522 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 523 <p class="small link_r3"><strong>Very unsafe.</strong></p> 524 </div> 525 <div class="col-xs-10"> 526 <p class="small">Incompatible</p> 527 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk3" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 528 </div> 529 </div> 530 </div> 531 532</div> 533 534 535<div class="row iguala_altura top-bottom-margins hidden-xs visible-sm hidden-md hidde-lg"> 536 <div class="column col-sm-6"> 537 <div class="row"> 538 <div class="col-xs-3"> 539 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level0-legend"></div> 540 </div> 541 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 542 <p class="small link_r0"><strong>Safe, best option.</strong></p> 543 </div> 544 <div class="col-xs-10"> 545 <p class="small">Compatible</p> 546 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk0_sm" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 547 </div> 548 </div> 549 </div> 550 551 <div class="column col-sm-6"> 552 <div class="row"> 553 <div class="col-xs-3"> 554 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level1-legend"></div> 555 </div> 556 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 557 <p class="small link_r1"><strong>Fairly safe.</strong></p> 558 </div> 559 <div class="col-xs-10"> 560 <p class="small">Likely Compatibility</p> 561 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk1_sm" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 562 </div> 563 </div> 564 </div> 565</div> 566<div class="row iguala_altura top-bottom-margins hidden-xs visible-sm hidden-md"> 567 568 <div class="column col-sm-6"> 569 <div class="row"> 570 <div class="col-xs-3"> 571 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level2-legend"></div> 572 </div> 573 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 574 <p class="small link_r2"><strong>Unsafe.</strong></p> 575 </div> 576 <div class="col-xs-10"> 577 <p class="small">Limited compatibility</p> 578 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk2_sm" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 579 </div> 580 </div> 581 </div> 582 583 <div class="column col-sm-6"> 584 <div class="row"> 585 <div class="col-xs-3"> 586 <div class="box grey-box squared risk-level3-legend"></div> 587 </div> 588 <div class="col-xs-8" style="margin-top:20px; padding:0;"> 589 <p class="small link_r3"><strong>Very unsafe.</strong></p> 590 </div> 591 <div class="col-xs-10"> 592 <p class="small">Incompatible</p> 593 <p class="small"><a id="btn_risk3_sm" data-toggle="popover">More information</a></p> 594 </div> 595 </div> 596 </div> 597 598</div> 599 600 601 602 603 604<div class="row"> 605 <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10"> 606 <p class="disclaimer-text"><p style="text-align:center"><strong>Suggestions made at <u>e-lactancia</u></strong> are done by <a href="http://apilam.org/en" target="_blank">APILAM</a> team of health professionals, and <strong>are based on updated scientific publications</strong>. It is not intended to replace the relationship you have with your doctor but to compound it. <em><strong>The pharmaceutical industry contraindicates breastfeeding, mistakenly and without scientific reasons, in most of the drug data sheets</strong>.</em></p></p> 607 </div> 608</div> 609 610 611 612 613 614 615</div> 616 617 618 619 620<div class="container-fluid pink"> 621 <div class="container"> 622 <div class="row"> 623 <div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-1 col-sm-2 col-sm-offset-1 col-xs-3 col-xs-offset-0"> 624 625 <img src="/static/img/jose-maria-paricio-300px.jpg" class="img-responsive img-circle" alt="Jose Maria Paricio, Founder & President of APILAM/e-Lactancia" style="margin-top:5px;"/> 626 627 </div> 628 <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6"> 629 <blockquote> 630 <p>Your contribution is essential for this service to continue to exist. We need the generosity of people like you who believe in the benefits of breastfeeding.</p> <p>Thank you for helping to protect and promote breastfeeding.</p> 631 <footer>José MarÃa Paricio, founder of e-lactancia.</footer> 632 </blockquote> 633 </div> 634 <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-2 col-xs-6"> 635 <div class="boton-donativo-faja"> 636 <a class="btn btn-lg round btn-donate" href="/donativos/" style="padding: 18px;">DONATE NOW</a> 637 </div> 638 </div> 639 </div> 640 </div> 641</div> 642 643 644 645 646 647 648<div class="container"> 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665<div class="row top-bottom-margins "> 666 <!-- alias --> 667 668 <div class="column col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-5"> 669 <div class="box grey-box"> 670 <h3 class="risk-header">Other names</h3> 671 672 673 674 <p><strong>War</strong> is also known as</p> 675 <ul> 676 677 678 679 <li><a href="/breastfeeding/armed-belic-conflict/synonym/" >Armed, Belic Conflict</a></li> 680 681 682 683 <li><a href="/breastfeeding/artificial-catastrophe-man-made-disaster/synonym/" >Artificial Catastrophe. Man-made disaster</a></li> 684 685 686 687 </ul> 688 <br> 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 </div> 696 </div> <!-- OTROS NOMBRES well --> 697 698 699 <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-7"> 700 <div class="col-xs-12"> 701 <div class="box grey-box"> 702 703 <h3>Group</h3> 704 <p><strong>War</strong> belongs to this group or family:</p> 705 706 <ul><!-- class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked" --> 707 708 <li><a href="/breastfeeding/noatc-t03-disaster-catastrophic-situation/group/" >NoATC T03: Disaster, catastrophic situation</a></li> 709 710 </ul> 711 </div> 712 </div> <!-- GRUPOS well --> 713 714 </div> 715</div> 716 717 718 719 720 721<!-- end of block of names --> 722 723 724 725 726 727 728<div class="row top-bottom-margins"> 729 730 731 732 733 <div class="col-md-12"> 734 <h3 class="risk-header">References</h3> 735 736 737 <div class="panel accordion-biblio" id="biblio_accordion"> 738 <div class="panel-group"> 739 <div class="panel-heading"> 740 <a role="button" class="collapsed text-center" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#biblio_accordion" href="#collapsebiblioOne" id="accordion-biblio">List of 30 references</a> 741 </div> 742 <div id="collapsebiblioOne" class="panel-collapse collapse"> 743 <div class="panel-body"> 744 745 746 <ol> 747 748 749 <li>ABM: Bartick M, Zimmerman DR, Sulaiman Z, Taweel AE, AlHreasy F, Barska L, Fadieieva A, Massry S, Dahlquist N, Mansovsky M, Gribble K. <em>Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement: Breastfeeding in Emergencie
749s.</em> 750 751 <strong>Breastfeed Med. 2024 Sep;19(9):666-682.</strong> 752 753 754 755 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39264309" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 756 757 758 759 760 </li> 761 762 763 <li>Save the Children and the Nutrition Technical Rapid Response Team (Tech RRT) with the support of the members of the IFE Core Group (2020). <em>Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (IYCF-E). Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) For Emergency Response Teams.</em> 764 765 <strong>None</strong> <strong>2022</strong> 766 767 768 769 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/iycfesopforemergencyteams" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 770 771 772 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/attachments/3713/IYCF_E-SOP-for-emergency-teams_Oct20.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 773 774 775 776 </li> 777 778 779 <li>CDC. <em>Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies</em> 780 781 <strong>.</strong> <strong>2022</strong> 782 783 784 785 786 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/emergencies-infant-feeding/downloads/iycf-e-toolkit-h.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 787 788 789 790 </li> 791 792 793 <li>Save the Children and the Nutrition Technical Rapid Response Team (Tech RRT) with the support of the members of the IFE Core Group (2020). <em>Alimentación de lactantes y niños/ as pequeños/as en emergencias. GuÃa operativa para Personal de Mitigación de Emergencias y Administradores/as del Programa</em> 794 795 <strong>.</strong> <strong>2020</strong> 796 797 798 799 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/iycfesopforemergencyteams" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 800 801 802 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/attachments/3840/IYCF_E-SOP-for-emergency-teams_Spanish.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 803 804 805 806 </li> 807 808 809 <li>Akseer N, Wright J, Tasic H, Everett K, Scudder E, Amsalu R, Boerma T, Bendavid E, Kamali M, Barros AJD, da Silva ICM, Bhutta ZA. <em>Women, children and adolescents in conflict countries: an assessment of inequalities in intervention coverage and survival.</em> 810 811 <strong>BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Jan 26;5(1):e002214.</strong> 812 813 814 815 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32133179" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 816 817 818 819 820 </li> 821 822 823 <li>Rabbani A, Padhani ZA, A Siddiqui F, Das JK, Bhutta Z. <em>Systematic review of infant and young child feeding practices in conflict areas: what the evidence advocates.</em> 824 825 <strong>BMJ Open. 2020 Sep 13;10(9):e036757.</strong> 826 827 828 829 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928852" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 830 831 832 833 834 </li> 835 836 837 <li>Sumbele IUN, Asoba GN, Teh RN, Metuge S, Anchang-Kimbi JK, Nkuo-Akenji T. <em>Burden of moderate to severe anaemia and severe stunting in children < 3âyears in conflict-hit Mount Cameroon: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study.</em> 838 839 <strong>BMC Pediatr. 2020 Aug 24;20(1):396.</strong> 840 841 842 843 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838765" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 844 845 846 847 848 </li> 849 850 851 <li>Diwakar V, Malcolm M, Naufal G. <em>Violent conflict and breastfeeding: the case of Iraq.</em> 852 853 <strong>Confl Health. 2019 Dec 30;13:61.</strong> 854 855 856 857 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31892940" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 858 859 860 861 862 </li> 863 864 865 <li>Yasuko Emura. <em>Alimentación de bebés durante emergencias: ¿Qué deberÃamos hacer?
865</em> 866 867 <strong>Comic. Infografia.</strong> <strong>2019</strong> 868 869 870 871 872 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/sites/default/files/Comic_Feeding_babies_during_emergencies_Spanish.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 873 874 875 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Catastrofes-Comic_Feeding_babies_during_emergencies_Spanish.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 876 877 878 </li> 879 880 881 <li>MirMohamadaliIe M, Khani Jazani R, Sohrabizadeh S, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A. <em>Barriers to Breastfeeding in Disasters in the Context of Iran.</em> 882 883 <strong>Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019 Feb;34(1):20-24.</strong> 884 885 886 887 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30761978" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 888 889 890 891 892 </li> 893 894 895 <li>Wagner Z, Heft-Neal S, Wise PH, Black RE, Burke M, Boerma T, Bhutta ZA, Bendavid E. <em>Women and children living in areas of armed conflict in Africa: a geospatial analysis of mortality and orphanhood.</em> 896 897 <strong>Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Dec;7(12):e1622-e1631.</strong> 898 899 900 901 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31669039" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 902 903 904 905 906 </li> 907 908 909 <li>Summers A, Bilukha OO. <em>Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine.</em> 910 911 <strong>Public Health Nutr. 2018 Apr;21(5):917-926.</strong> 912 913 914 915 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29268805" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 916 917 918 919 920 </li> 921 922 923 <li>Wagner Z, Heft-Neal S, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Burke M, Bendavid E. <em>Armed conflict and child mortality in Africa: a geospatial analysis.</em> 924 925 <strong>Lancet. 2018 Sep 8;392(10150):857-865.</strong> 926 927 928 929 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30173907" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 930 931 932 933 934 </li> 935 936 937 <li>WHO. <em>The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Frequently Asked 938Questions (2017 Update)</em> 939 940 <strong>-</strong> <strong>2017</strong> 941 942 943 944 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.1" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 945 946 947 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/254911/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 948 949 950 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Codigo_Actualizacion-WHO2017_en.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 951 952 953 </li> 954 955 956 <li>Nidzvetska S, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Aujoulat I, Gil Cuesta J, Tappis H, van Loenhout JA, Guha-Sapir D. <em>Maternal and Child Health of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine: A Qualitative Study.</em> 957 958 <strong>
958Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jan 9;14(1). pii: E54.</strong> 959 960 961 962 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28075363" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 963 964 965 966 967 </li> 968 969 970 <li>IFE-CG. Red de Nutrición en Emergencias. <em>Alimentación de lactantes y niños/ as pequeños/as en emergencias.</em> 971 972 <strong>GuÃa operativa para Personal de Mitigación de Emergencias y Administradores/as del Programa.</strong> <strong>2017</strong> 973 974 975 976 977 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/sites/default/files/Ops-Guidance-on-IFE_v3_Spanish.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 978 979 980 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Emergencias-Catastrofes_Ops_IFE_Spanish_WEB_2017.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 981 982 983 </li> 984 985 986 <li>IFE-CG. Emergency Nutrition Network <em>Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies. 987Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Programme Managers.</em> 988 989 <strong>Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Programme Managers.</strong> <strong>2017</strong> 990 991 992 993 994 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.ennonline.net/attachments/3127/Ops-G_English_04Mar2019_WEB.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 995 996 997 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Emergencies-Ops-G_English_04Mar2019_WEB.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 998 999 1000 </li> 1001 1002 1003 <li>OMS <em>Código Internacional de Comercialización de Sucedáneos de la Leche Materna: preguntas frecuentes (actualización de 2017).</em> 1004 1005 <strong>-</strong> <strong>2017</strong> 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/255194/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.1-spa.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1011 1012 1013 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Codigo_Actualizacion-WHO2017_es.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 1014 1015 1016 </li> 1017 1018 1019 <li>Habek D, DujakoviÄ T, Habek JC, JurkoviÄ I. <em>TWENTY-THREE-YEAR LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOME AFTER THE WAR IN VUKOVAR.</em> 1020 1021 <strong>Acta Clin Croat. 2016 Mar;55(1):58-62.</strong> 1022 1023 1024 1025 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27333719" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 </li> 1031 1032 1033 <li>Ben Taleb Z, Bahelah R, Fouad FM, Coutts A, Wilcox M, Maziak W. <em>Syria: health in a country undergoing tragic transition.</em> 1034 1035 <strong>Int J Public Health. 2015 Jan;60 Suppl 1:S63-72.</strong> 1036 1037 1038 1039 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25023995" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 </li> 1045 1046 1047 <li>Eidelman AI. <em>Breastfeeding mitigates a disaster.</em> 1048 1049 <strong>Breastfeed Med. 2013 Jun;8(3):344-5.</strong> 1050 1051 1052 1053 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651225" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1054 1055 1056 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/bfm.2013.9989" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1057 1058 1059 1060 </li> 1061 1062 1063 <li>Andersson N, Paredes-SolÃs S, Legorreta-Soberanis J, Cockcroft A, Sherr L. <em>Breast-feeding in a complex emergency: four linked cross-sectional studies during the Bosnian conflict.</em> 1064 1065 <strong>Public Health Nutr. 2010 Dec;13(12):2097-104.</strong> 1066 1067 1068 1069 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576196" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1070 1071 1072 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPHN%2FPHN13_12%2FS1368980010001667a.pdf&code=58e459eca1bc6a413d961c531b3262e2" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1073 1074 1075 1076 </li> 1077 1078 1079 <li>Guerrero Serdan, Gabriela. <em>The Effects of the War in Iraq on Nutrition and Health: An Analysis Using Anthropometric Outcomes of Children.</em> 1080 1081 <strong>
1081MPRA Paper No. 14056.</strong> <strong>2009</strong> 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14056/1/Effects_of_the_war_in_Iraq_on_Nutrition_Revised_Tables_Feb_2009.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1087 1088 1089 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/WarBF-Guerrero2009.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 1090 1091 1092 </li> 1093 1094 1095 <li>IBFAN - ICDC. <em>El Código y la alimentación infanl durante las emergencias.</em> 1096 1097 <strong>Focus</strong> <strong>2009</strong> 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://worldbreastfeedingweek.net/wbw2009/images/icdc_%20focus_spanish.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1103 1104 1105 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Catastrofe_emergencias_icdc__focus_spanish-IBFAN2009.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 1106 1107 1108 </li> 1109 1110 1111 <li>WHO. World Health Organization. <em>Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies.</em> 1112 1113 <strong>WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.</strong> <strong>2004</strong> 1114 1115 1116 1117 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emergencies/9241546069/en/" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1118 1119 1120 <a class="btn btn-link" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42710/9241546069.pdf?ua=1" target="_blank">Full text (link to original source)</a> 1121 1122 1123 <a class="btn btn-link" href="/media/papers/Guerra-CatatrofeBF-WHO2004.pdf" target="_blank">Full text (in our servers)</a> 1124 1125 1126 </li> 1127 1128 1129 <li>O'Connor ME, Burkle FM Jr, Olness K. <em>Infant feeding practices in complex emergencies: a case study approach.</em> 1130 1131 <strong>Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001 Oct-Dec;16(4):231-8.</strong> 1132 1133 1134 1135 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12090203" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 </li> 1141 1142 1143 <li>Zakanj Z, Armano G, GrguriÄ J, Herceg-Cavrak V. <em>Influence of 1991-1995 war on breast-feeding in Croatia: questionnaire study.</em> 1144 1145 <strong>Croat Med J. 2000 Jun;41(2):186-90.</strong> 1146 1147 1148 1149 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10853050" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 </li> 1155 1156 1157 <li>Robertson A, Fronczak N, Jaganjac N, Hailey P, Copeland P, Duprat M. <em>Nutrition and infant feeding survey of women and children in Sarajevo during July 1993.</em> 1158 1159 <strong>Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Oct;49 Suppl 2:S11-6.</strong> 1160 1161 1162 1163 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8846759" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 </li> 1169 1170 1171 <li>Moro D. <em>Birthweight and breast feeding of babies born during the war in one municipal area of Sarajevo.</em> 1172 1173 <strong>Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Oct;49 Suppl 2:S37-9.</strong> 1174 1175 1176 1177 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8846764" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 </li> 1183 1184 1185 <li>Sapir DG. <em>Natural and man-made disasters: the vulnerability of women-headed households and children without families.</em> 1186 1187 <strong>World Health Stat Q. 1993;46(4):227-33.</strong> 1188 1189 1190 1191 <a class="btn btn-link" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8017082" target="_blank">Abstract</a> 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 </li> 1197 1198 </ol> 1199 1200 1201 </div> 1202 </div> 1203 </div> 1204 </div> 1205 1206 </div> 1207 1208</div> 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 </div> 1217 1218 1219<div id="comentario"></div> 1220<div class="container-fluid blue" > 1221 <div class="container" > 1222 <div class="row"> 1223 <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-5"> 1224 <h4 class="risk-header text-uppercase">Total visits 1225 </h4> 1226 <p class="lead" style="color:#000;">397,184</p> 1227 </div> 1228 <div class="col-md-5 col-sm-6"> 1229 <h4 class="risk-header text-uppercase">Help us improve this entry 1230 </h4> 1231 1232 <div class="row"> 1233 <form action="" method="post"> 1234 <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10" style="margin-left: 15px; padding-left:0;"> 1235 1236 <div class="field"> 1237 1238 1239 <textarea name="comentario" cols="40" rows="5" class="col-xs-12" id="opinion" maxlength="500" placeholder="Help us improve e-lactancia content with your suggestion or commment about the information quality of this content." required> 1240</textarea> 1241 </div> 1242 <div class="field">
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1322 1323 1324 </div> 1325 </div> 1326 </div> 1327</div> 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334<div class="container"> 1335 <div class="row top-bottom-margins"> 1336 <h2 class="text-center blue-text titular-blue-box" style="margin-top:50px;">Do you need more information or did not found what you were looking for?</h2> 1337 <p class="lead text-center" style="margin-bottom:100px;"> Write us at <a class="with-underline" href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> 1338 1339 </div> 1340</div> 1341 1342<div class="container-fluid blue"> 1343 <div class="container"> 1344 <p class="lead text-center">e-lactancia is a resource recommended by <a class="with-underline" href="/avales/#15" target="_blank">AELAMA of Spain</a></p> 1345 <p class="text-center">Would you like to recommend the use of e-lactancia? 1346 Write to us at <a class="with-underline" href="mailto:[email protected]">corporate mail of APILAM</a></span></p> 1347 </div> 1348</div> 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 <footer class="footer"> 1358 <div class="container" id="container-footer"> 1359 1360 <div class="content-footer"> 1361 <div class="row"> 1362 1363 1364 <div class="col-lg-4 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 footer_apilam"> 1365 <div class="row"> 1366 <div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-0 col-sm-2 col-sm-offset-0 col-md-2 col-md-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-0"> 1367 <a href="/"><img src="/static/img/logo-apilam-.png" id="footer_logo"/></a> 1368 </div> 1369 <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-0 col-lg-1"></div> 1370 <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-9 col-lg-9"> 1371 <p><a class="white-text with-underline" href="http://e-lactancia.org">e-lactancia</a> is a project of <a class='white-text with-underline' href='http://apilam.org/' target='_blank'>APILAM</a>, Association for Promotion of and cultural and scientific Research into Breastfeeding, under a <a class='white-text with-underline' target='_blank' href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/'>
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1621<script> 1622 1623 1624 var terminos = new Bloodhound({ 1625 datumTokenizer: function (datum) { 1626 return Bloodhound.tokenizers.whitespace('value'); 1627 }, 1628 queryTokenizer: Bloodhound.tokenizers.whitespace, 1629 remote: { 1630 wildcard: '%QUERY', 1631 url: '/megasearch/?query=%QUERY', 1632 filter: function (results) { 1633 1634 //console.log(results) 1635 // Map the remote source JSON array to a JavaScript object array 1636 return $.map(results, function (result) { 1637 1638 return { 1639 value: ((result.term == 'marca') ? result.nombre_paises : result.nombre), 1640 id: result.id, 1641 name: result.term 1642 }; 1643 }); 1644 } 1645 }, 1646 }); 1647 1648 // Initialize the Bloodhound suggestion engine 1649 terminos.initialize(); 1650 1651 $('.typeahead').typeahead( 1652 { 1653 minLength: 1, 1654 highlight: true, 1655 autoselect: false 1656 }, 1657 { 1658 name: 'terminos', 1659 displayKey: 'value', 1660 limit: 20, 1661 source: terminos.ttAdapter(), 1662 templates: { empty: '<div style="padding: 3px 20px; color: #1d1d1d;">No results found for your query</div>', 1663 } 1664 } 1665 ).bind("typeahead:select", function(obj, datum) { 1666 window.location.href='/buscar/?term_id='+datum.id+'&term_type='+datum.name; 1667 $("#term-id").val(datum.id); 1668 $("#term-type").val(datum.name); 1669 }); 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 $(document).ready(function () { 1678 $('#search_input').trigger('focus'); 1679 }); 1680 </script>
1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685
1685<script> 1686 1687 $("#btn_risk0").popover({ 1688 html : true, 1689 placement:'bottom', 1690 title: '<strong>Safe, best option</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk0").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1691 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant), disease or situation labeled as </span><span style="color:#73ae42"><strong>COMPATIBLE</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> is one in which breastfeeding remains the safest option for the mother and infant. There is no reason to discontinue breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#73ae42"><strong>Breastfeeding is acceptable and the safest option for the mother and infant</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">because there is evidence or expert consensus published in the scientific literature demonstrating that:</span></p><ul><li><p style="text-align:left"><strong>The substance</strong> is safe during lactation and/or has no demonstrated toxicity and/or is frequently used in neonates or young infants and/or is commonly or traditionally consumed extensively and/or with very favorable lactation pharmacokinetics (low oral absorption, high molecular weight</p></li><li><p style="text-align:left">In <strong>diseases or certain situations</strong>, breastfeeding is the best option. There is evidence of lack of transmission of a disease through breast milk and its treatment is compatible with breastfeeding.</p></li></ul>' 1692 }); 1693 $("#btn_risk0_sm").popover({ 1694 html : true, 1695 placement:'bottom', 1696 title: '<strong>Safe, best option</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk0_sm").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1697 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant), disease or situation labeled as </span><span style="color:#73ae42"><strong>COMPATIBLE</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> is one in which breastfeeding remains the safest option for the mother and infant. There is no reason to discontinue breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#73ae42"><strong>Breastfeeding is acceptable and the safest option for the mother and infant</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">because there is evidence or expert consensus published in the scientific literature demonstrating that:</span></p><ul><li><p style="text-align:left"><strong>The substance</strong> is safe during lactation and/or has no demonstrated toxicity and/or is frequently used in neonates or young infants and/or is commonly or traditionally consumed extensively and/or with very favorable lactation pharmacokinetics (low oral absorption, high molecular weight</p></li><li><p style="text-align:left">In <strong>diseases or certain situations</strong>, breastfeeding is the best option. There is evidence of lack of transmission of a disease through breast milk and its treatment is compatible with breastfeeding.</p></li></ul>' 1698 }); 1699 $("#btn_risk1").popover({ 1700 html : true, 1701 placement:'bottom', 1702 title: '<strong>Fairly safe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk1").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1703 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant) is labeled as </span><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>LIKELY COMPATIBILITY</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> when it is considered that it could cause moderate or mild adverse effects on lactation or the infant. Either these have been reported or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of significant adverse effects very unlikely.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">In case of diseases there are unclear indications of transmission through breast milk and s
1703ome of the drugs in its treatment are not compatible with breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>Compatibility and probable safety product</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">: To be </span><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>acceptable</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">, it is necessary to consider the doses, schedules, administration time, age of the infant, etc., and to monitor the infant and breastfeeding. In case of illness consider the best alternative medication.</span></p>' 1704 }); 1705 $("#btn_risk1_sm").popover({ 1706 html : true, 1707 placement:'bottom', 1708 title: '<strong>Fairly safe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk1_sm").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1709 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant) is labeled as </span><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>LIKELY COMPATIBILITY</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> when it is considered that it could cause moderate or mild adverse effects on lactation or the infant. Either these have been reported or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of significant adverse effects very unlikely.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">In case of diseases there are unclear indications of transmission through breast milk and some of the drugs in its treatment are not compatible with breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>Compatibility and probable safety product</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">: To be </span><span style="color:#db9e27"><strong>acceptable</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">, it is necessary to consider the doses, schedules, administration time, age of the infant, etc., and to monitor the infant and breastfeeding. In case of illness consider the best alternative medication.</span></p>' 1710 }); 1711 $("#btn_risk2").popover({ 1712 html : true, 1713 placement:'bottom', 1714 title: '<strong>Unsafe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk2").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1715 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant), disease or situation, labeled as having </span><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>LIMITED COMPATIBILITY</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">is one that could cause moderate or severe adverse effects on the nursing or nursing infant. Either these have been reported, or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of these adverse effects likely. In case of diseases there is clear evidence of transmission through breast milk and/or few or none of the drugs in its treatment are compatible with breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Unsafe product, difficult, <u>although possible</u>, to make compatible</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">: The risk-benefit ratio must be assessed, a safer alternative must be sought, or breastfeeding must be interrupted for the necessary time (5 to 7 T½) until the drug is eliminated from the mother's body, which depends on the elimination half-life (T½) of the drug.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">Those with shorter T½ are easier to match. Express and store milk days before, to give in place of that which will be expressed and temporarily discarded after drug administration.</span></p>' 1716 }); 1717 $("#btn_risk2_sm").popover({ 1718 html : true, 1719 placement:'bottom', 1720 title: '<strong>Unsafe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk2_sm").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1721 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance (drug, plant, food, contaminant), disease or situation, labeled as having </span><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>LIMITED COMPATIBILITY</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">
1721is one that could cause moderate or severe adverse effects on the nursing or nursing infant. Either these have been reported, or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of these adverse effects likely. In case of diseases there is clear evidence of transmission through breast milk and/or few or none of the drugs in its treatment are compatible with breastfeeding.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#d07327"><strong>Unsafe product, difficult, <u>although possible</u>, to make compatible</strong></span><span style="color:#000000">: The risk-benefit ratio must be assessed, a safer alternative must be sought, or breastfeeding must be interrupted for the necessary time (5 to 7 T½) until the drug is eliminated from the mother's body, which depends on the elimination half-life (T½) of the drug.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">Those with shorter T½ are easier to match. Express and store milk days before, to give in place of that which will be expressed and temporarily discarded after drug administration.</span></p>' 1722 }); 1723 $("#btn_risk3").popover({ 1724 html : true, 1725 placement:'bottom', 1726 title: '<strong>Very unsafe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk3").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1727 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance, disease or condition is labeled as </span><span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>INCOMPATIBLE</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> when it is known or assumed to have a high probability of causing serious adverse effects in the infant or to be detrimental to breastfeeding by inhibition of lactation. Either these have been reported or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of significant adverse effects highly probable.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">The elimination half-life (T½) of the drug is too long to consider a reasonable temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding as an alternative.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">If there is no alternative and its administration to the mother is strictly necessary, it is advisable to interrupt breastfeeding.</span></p>' 1728 }); 1729 $("#btn_risk3_sm").popover({ 1730 html : true, 1731 placement:'bottom', 1732 title: '<strong>Very unsafe</strong><button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_risk3_sm").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1733 content: '<p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">A substance, disease or condition is labeled as </span><span style="color:#b94a48"><strong>INCOMPATIBLE</strong></span><span style="color:#000000"> when it is known or assumed to have a high probability of causing serious adverse effects in the infant or to be detrimental to breastfeeding by inhibition of lactation. Either these have been reported or there are no published data, but the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of absorption, distribution and elimination of the product make the occurrence of significant adverse effects highly probable.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">The elimination half-life (T½) of the drug is too long to consider a reasonable temporary discontinuation of breastfeeding as an alternative.</span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000">If there is no alternative and its administration to the mother is strictly necessary, it is advisable to interrupt breastfeeding.</span></p>' 1734 }); 1735 1736 </script>
1736 1737
1737<script type="text/javascript"> 1738 $("#btn_citation").popover({ 1739 html : true, 1740 placement:'left', 1741 content: 'Choose the bibliographic citation format you prefer. You can copy the citation text below and also download it on your computer by pressing the button' 1742 }); 1743 </script>
1743 1744 1745 1746
1746<script type="text/javascript"> 1747 $("#btn_biod").popover({ 1748 html : true, 1749 placement:'right', 1750 title: 'Oral Bioavail. <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_biod").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1751 content: '<p><strong>Bioavailability</strong> is the percentage of a substance that reaches the systemic circulation after administration, absorption, and, seemingly first metabolization by the liver.</p><p>At maternal level, as low is the bioavailability, as low will be the pass into the milk.</p><p>At infant level, as low is the <strong>oral bioavailability</strong> of substances reaching through the milk, as low will be the absorption by the infant's gut with a lower risk for reaching the plasma.</p><p>The gut of infants younger than 15 days and premature babies may be more permeable than that of older ones.</p>' 1752 }); 1753 </script>
1753 1754
1754<script type="text/javascript"> 1755 $("#btn_p_molecular").popover({ 1756 html : true, 1757 placement:'right', 1758 title: 'Molecular weight <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_p_molecular").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1759 content: 'Molecular weight (MW) of the substance under concern.<br/><br/>At high MW, it is more difficult the excretion of particles into the milk.<br/><br/>Substances with a MW which is lower than 200 daltons (Da) readily pass through the alveolar epithelium, if higher than 500 Da, they are in trouble for getting into the milk and over 1000 Da, it is considered excretion into the breast milk very difficult.' 1760 }); 1761 </script>
1761 1762
1762<script type="text/javascript"> 1763 $("#btn_u_prot").popover({ 1764 html : true, 1765 placement:'right', 1766 title: 'Protein Binding <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_u_prot").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1767 content: 'Percentage of binding to plasma protein of a given substance (low: less than 50%, mild: 50 - 80%, high: > 80%).<br/><br/>The higher protein binding (usually more than 80%) the less possibility of passage to milk.<br/><br/>From a higher position of caution for those cases of discrepancy encountered among reviewers, we have taken into account the lower values of Protein Binding.' 1768 }); 1769 </script>
1769 1770
1770<script type="text/javascript"> 1771 $("#btn_vol_dist").popover({ 1772 html : true, 1773 placement:'right', 1774 title: 'VD <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_vol_dist").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1775 content: '<b>Volume of distribution</b> (VD) is a reflection of medication distribution within the body after oral or intravenous administration.<br/><br/>Higher Vd values are followed by a lower excretion into breast milk because of diffusion to the interstitial fluid (Vd >12 l = 0,2 l/Kg) or inside the cells (Vd >40 L = 0,6 l/Kg), while lower values (< 3 L = 0,04 l/kg) means that the drug remains into the plasma and hence may be excreted into the milk.' 1776 }); 1777 </script>
1777 1778
1778<script type="text/javascript"> 1779 $("#btn_i_l_p").popover({ 1780 html : true, 1781 placement:'right', 1782 title: 'M/P ratio <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_i_l_p").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1783 content: '<b>Milk/Plasma ratio</b> (M/P) is the Ratio of concentration in milk of a given substance related to plasma concentration of the same substance.<br/><br/>The lower ratio (<1) the less concentration in milk is attainted. ' 1784 }); 1785 </script>
1785 1786
1786<script type="text/javascript"> 1787 $("#btn_pka").popover({ 1788 html : true, 1789 placement:'right', 1790 title: 'pKa <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_pka").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1791 content: '<p>It is the logarithm of the acid or acidic dissociation constant or acidity constant (Ka).</p><p>Substances with pKa < 7 are acidic and, conversely, pKa > 7 are basic.</p><p>The pH of milk (pH = 7-7.2) is slightly more acidic than that of plasma (pH = 7.4). Hence, substances with a basic character (pKa > 7) tend to accumulate in milk since in this medium they are more Ionized and “trapped” in the milk compartment. Weak acids (pKa ≤ 7), highly ionized at plasma pH, practically do not diffuse into milk (L/P<1).</p>' 1792 }); 1793 </script>
1793 1794
1794<script type="text/javascript"> 1795 $("#btn_tmax").popover({ 1796 html : true, 1797 placement:'right', 1798 title: 'Tmax <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_tmax").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1799 content: 'Tmax or <b>Time to peak plasma level</b> is the time to reach the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration.<br/><br/>This is just the moment to avoid breastfeeding the baby. It is advisable to take the drug or product immediately after having nursed.<br/><br/>From a higher position of caution for those cases of discrepancy encountered among reviewers, we have taken into account the higher values of Maximum time.' 1800 }); 1801 </script>
1801 1802
1802<script type="text/javascript"> 1803 $("#btn_tmed").popover({ 1804 html : true, 1805 placement:'right', 1806 title: 'T½ <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_tmed").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1807 content: '<p>T1/2 or <strong>Elimination half-life</strong> is the time required to reduce the plasma concentration to one half its initial value is defined as the half-life.</p><p>The shorter (few hours) the more rapid elimination is achieved and hence safer for the breastfed baby.</p><p>From a higher position of caution for those cases of discrepancy encountered among reviewers, it should be applied the higher values of Mean time.</p>' 1808 }); 1809 </script>
1809 1810
1810<script type="text/javascript"> 1811 $("#btn_d_rel").popover({ 1812 html : true, 1813 placement:'right', 1814 title: 'Relative Dose <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_d_rel").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1815 content: '<p>It<strong> </strong>is the percentage of maternal dose of drug that reaches the infant through the mother´s milk.</p><p>Values under 10% are considered to be safe.</p><p>We estimate the mother´s mean body weight at 60 Kg that is used when the adult dose is presented as mg/kg/day:</p><p><strong>Relative dose</strong> (%) = Theoretical dose of infant (mg(kg/day) x 100 / mother dose (mg/Kg/day)</p>' 1816 }); 1817 </script>
1817 1818
1818<script type="text/javascript"> 1819 $("#btn_d_teor").popover({ 1820 html : true, 1821 placement:'right', 1822 title: 'Theoretical Dose <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_d_teor").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1823 content: 'It is the amount of drug in mg/kg/day that could receive an infant from mother´s medication. It is estimated from published concentration of drug in the mother milk when assuming a daily ingestion of milk of 150 mL per kilogram of body weight.<br/><br/>By multiplying the milligrams of a substance that is contained in each milliliter of mother´s milk by 150, we calculate the dose of drug in mg/kg/day that is taken by the child:<br/><br/>Theoretical dose (mg/kg/day) = Concentration in the mother´s milk (mg/mL) x 150 ' 1824 }); 1825 </script>
1825 1826
1826<script type="text/javascript"> 1827 $("#btn_d_terap").popover({ 1828 html : true, 1829 placement:'right', 1830 title: 'Ped.Relat.Dose <button type="button" id="close" class="close" onclick="$("#btn_d_terap").popover("hide");">×</button>', 1831 content: '<b>Percent of pediatric therapeutic dose</b>. This is an index which is similar to the relative dose but applied to drugs that are used as pediatric medication.<br/><br/>It is the percentage of dose received by the infant through the breast milk with respect to the usual pediatric dose:<br/><br/>% of therapeutic dose = Infant theoretical dose (mg/kg/day) x 100 / Usual pediatric dose (mg/kg/day)<br/><br/>Values under 10% are considered to be safe' 1832 }); 1833 </script>
1833 1834 1835
1835<script> 1836$(':not(#anything)').on('click', function (e) { 1837 $('.btn-link').each(function () { 1838 //the 'is' for buttons that trigger popups 1839 //the 'has' for icons and other elements within a button that triggers a popup 1840 if (!$(this).is(e.target) && $(this).has(e.target).length === 0 && $('.popover').has(e.target).length === 0) { 1841 $(this).popover('hide'); 1842 return; 1843 } 1844 }); 1845}); 1846 1847 1848 1849</script>
1849 1850 1851 1852
1852<script type="text/javascript" id="cookiebanner" 1853 src="/static/js/cookiebanner.min.js" 1854 data-linkmsg="privacy policy" 1855 data-message="We use cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more about our " 1856 data-moreinfo="/privacidad/"> 1857 </script>
1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862</body> 1863</html>
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