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271 </div> 272 273 274<div class="hgrid main-content-grid"> 275 276 277 <main id="content" class="content hgrid-span-12 no-sidebar layout-full-width " role="main"> 278 279 280 <div id="content-wrap"> 281 282 283 <article id="post-379" class="entry author-admin post-379 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-uncategorized category-unity3d tag-broadcastmessage tag-chain-of-responsibility tag-sendmessage tag-unity tag-unity3d" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting" itemprop="blogPost"> 284 285 <div class="entry-content" itemprop="articleBody"> 286 287 <div class="entry-the-content"> 288 <p style="text-align: justify;">Unity 3D is a well designed tool, I can say that. It is clearly less painful to use than UDK, no matter what its limitations are. However, as I keep on saying, the c# framework is still full of bad design choices, probably unfortunate inheritances from unity script (why don’t they abolish it and just switch to c#?).</p> 289<p style="text-align: justify;">Emblematic example of these bad choices is the communication system built around <em>SendMessage</em> and <em>BroadcastMessage</em>. If you use them, you should just stop already!</p> 290<p style="text-align: justify;">In fact <em>SendMessage</em> and <em>BroadcastMessage</em> are so wrong mostly because they heavily rely on reflection to find the functions to call. This of course has a given impact on performance, but performance is not the issue here, the issue is instead related to the quality of the resulting code.</p> 291<p style="text-align: justify;">What can be so bad about it? First (and foremost) the use of  a string to recognize a function is way worse than using a string to recognize an Event. Just think about it: what happens if someone in the team decides to refactor the code where the calling function is defined and decides to rename the function or delete it?</p> 292<p style="text-align: justify;">I tell you what happens: the compiler will not warn the poor programmer of the mistake is doing and even worse, the code will just run as nothing happened. When the error will be found, it could be already too late.</p> 293<p style="text-align: justify;">Even worse is the fact that the calling function can be declared as private since the system uses reflection. You know what I usually do when I find a private function that is not used inside the declaring class? I just delete it, because the code is telling me: this function cannot be used outside this class and I am not using it, so why keep useless code?</p> 294<p style="text-align: justify;">Ok, in c# I mostly use delegate events, so I have to be honest, I basically do not use <em>SendMessage</em>, but I still find the <em>BroadcastMessage</em> useful when it is time to implement GUI widget communication.</p> 295<p style="text-align: justify;">Since GUIs are usually implemented in hierarchical way (i.e. if you use NGUI), being able to push a message down into a hierarchy could have several advantages, since it is basically not needed to know the target of the message. This is actually similar to <em><a href="http://www.oodesign.com/chain-of-responsibility-pattern.html">Chain of Responsibility</a> </em>pattern.</p> 296<p style="text-align: justify;">For this reason I decided to implement a little framework to send a message through a <em>GameObject</em> hierarchy and it works like this:</p> 297<p style="text-align: justify;">If the root (or a parent) of the target that must be reached is known, you can use it to send a signal through the hierarchy in a top down fashion. All the nodes of the hierarchy will be searched until a compatible “listener” is found. The code is pretty trivial and, as my usual, relies on implementation of interfaces.</p> 298<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>CubeAlone</em> is a <em>MonoBehaviour</em> that is present in a <em>GameObject</em> that is outside the hierarchy to search. It could have been inside as well, but I will reserve this case for the next example.</p> 299<pre class="lang:c# decode:true">using UnityEngine; 300using Svelto.Communication.SignalChain; 301 302public class CubeAlone : MonoBehaviour 303{ 304 public Transform root; 305 SignalChain _chain; 306 307 void Awake() 308 { 309 _chain = new SignalChain(root); 310 } 311 312 void OnMouseDown() 313 { 314 _chain.Broadcast("event"); 315 316 _chain.Broadcast(new BetterEvent(Color.green)); 317 } 318}</pre> 319<p style="text-align: justify;">Through the <em>SignalChain</em> object two events are sent to two different targets. I decided to do so to show you the flexibility of the interface. In fact it is possible to identify events using whatever kind of object, from a string to a more complicated type that c
319ould hold parameters.</p> 320<p style="text-align: justify;">In the hierarchy of the example that can be found at this address<a href="https://github.com/sebas77/SignalChain"> https://github.com/sebas77/SignalChain</a> there are two targets listening the <em>CubeAlone</em>, these are the <em>Sphere</em> and the <em>Cylinder</em>.</p> 321<p style="text-align: justify;">In order to be recognized as listener, these two <em>MonoBehaviour</em> must implement a <em>IChainListener</em> interface:</p> 322<pre class="lang:c# decode:true">public class Sphere : MonoBehaviour, IChainListener 323{ 324 public void Listen(T message) 325 { 326 if (message is BetterEvent) 327 { 328 this.transform.renderer.material.color = (message as BetterEvent).color; 329 } 330 } 331}</pre> 332<pre class="lang:default decode:true">public class Cylinder : MonoBehaviour, IChainListener 333{ 334 public void Listen(T message) 335 { 336 if (message is string && (message as string) == "event") 337 { 338 this.transform.renderer.material.color = Color.red; 339 } 340 } 341}</pre> 342<p style="text-align: justify;">and from the code it is pretty clear how it works. Should I add something? If leftmost cube is clicked, the Sphere and the Cylinder will change color.</p> 343<p style="text-align: justify;">Well, let’s see now the case when the dispatching event object is already in the hierarchy. In this case we could dispatch events in the hierarchy without knowing the root. However the root must be signed with <em>IChainRoot</em> interface:</p> 344<pre class="lang:c# decode:true">using UnityEngine; 345using Svelto.Communication.SignalChain; 346 347public class Cube : MonoBehaviour, IChainRoot 348{ 349}</pre> 350<p style="text-align: justify;">and the dispatching event object can use the <em>BubbleSignal</em> object in this way:</p> 351<pre class="lang:default decode:true">using UnityEngine; 352using Svelto.Communication.SignalChain; 353 354public class Capsule : MonoBehaviour 355{ 356 BubbleSignal _bubbleSignal; 357 358 void Awake() 359 { 360 _bubbleSignal = new BubbleSignal(this.transform); 361 } 362 363 void OnMouseDown() 364 { 365 _bubbleSignal.Dispatch(new BetterEvent(Color.blue)); 366 } 367}</pre> 368<p style="text-align: justify;"> Try to click on the capsule now, the sphere will change again color but this time will be blue!</p> 369<div id='wpd-post-rating' class='wpd-post-rating wpd-not-rated' data-post-id='379' data-rate-editable='0'> 370 <div class='wpd-rating-wrap'> 371 <div class='wpd-rating-left'></div> 372 <div class='wpd-rating-data'> 373 <div class='wpd-rating-value'> 374 <span class='wpdrv'>5</span> 375 <span class='wpdrc'>1</span> 376 <span class='wpdrt'>vote</span></div> 377 <div class='wpd-rating-title'>Article Rating</div> 378 <div class='wpd-rating-stars'><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star wpd-active' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star wpd-active' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star wpd-active' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star wpd-active' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star wpd-active' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg></div><div class='wpd-rate-starts'><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg><svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/><path class='wpd-star' d='M12 17.27L18.18 21l-1.64-7.03L22 9.24l-7.19-.61L12 2 9.19 8.63 2 9.24l5.46 4.73L5.82 21z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg></div></div> 379 <div class='wpd-rating-right'></div></div></div><div style='display: none;' itemscope itemtype='https://schema.org/Product'><meta itemprop='name' content='Article Rating'><div style='display: none;' itemprop='aggregateRating' itemscope itemtype='https://schema.org/AggregateRating'><meta itemprop='bestRating' content='5'><meta itemprop='worstRating' content='1'>
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7456d5214d62f9ede4c1ce3cc3f0438095e04c2f5022059b051401940?s=64&d=retro&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/baf8fedaab6d5214d62f9ede4c1ce3cc3f0438095e04c2f5022059b051401940?s=128&d=retro&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-64 photo' height='64' width='64' loading='lazy' decoding='async'itemprop="image" /> 746</div> 747 748 749</div> 750 <div id="comment-101" class="wpd-comment-right"> 751 <div class="wpd-comment-header"> 752 <div class="wpd-comment-author "> 753 rafael 754</div> 755 <div class="wpd-comment-date" title="April 26, 2013 7:54 am"> 756 <i class='far fa-clock' aria-hidden='true'></i> 757 13 years ago 758</div> 759 760 761 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 762 <div class="wpd-comment-link wpd-hidden"> 763 <span wpd-tooltip='Comment Link' wpd-tooltip-position='left'><i class='fas fa-link' aria-hidden='true' data-wpd-clipboard='https://www.sebaslab.com/whats-wrong-with-sendmessage-and-broadcastmessage-and-what-to-do-about-it/#comment-101'></i></span> 764</div> 765</div> 766 767 <div class="wpd-comment-text"> 768 <p>Very nice! </p> 769<p>Maybe you should save a local variable when you do “_root.GetComponentsInChildren” inside a foreach loop. </p> 770<p>I’m not sure on this, but I think that for each compoment he finds, he keeps running the GetComponentsInChildren multiple times?</p> 771 772</div> 773 <div class="wpd-comment-footer"> 774 <div class="wpd-vote wpd-vote-disabled" wpd-tooltip='You Must Be Logged In To Vote' wpd-tooltip-size='medium'> 775 <div class="wpd-vote-up wpd_not_clicked"> 776 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-up' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-up fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z'></path></svg> 777 </div> 778 <div class='wpd-vote-result' title='0'>0</div> 779 <div class="wpd-vote-down wpd_not_clicked"> 780 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-down' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-down fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z'></path></svg> 781 </div> 782</div> 783 <div class="wpd-reply-button"> 784 <svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M10 9V5l-7 7 7 7v-4.1c5 0 8.5 1.6 11 5.1-1-5-4-10-11-11z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg> 785 <span>Reply</span> 786</div> 787 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 788 789 <div class="wpd-toggle wpd-hidden wpd_not_clicked" wpd-tooltip="Hide Replies" wpd-tooltip-position='left'> 790 <i class='fas fa-chevron-up'></i> 791</div> 792</div> 793</div> 794</div><div id='wpdiscuz_form_anchor-101_0'></div><div id='wpd-comm-102_101' class='comment byuser comment-author-admin bypostauthor odd alt depth-2 wpd-comment role-administrator has-avatar wpd-reply wpd_comment_level-2'><div class="wpd-comment-wrap wpd-blog-user wpd-blog-administrator wpd-blog-user wpd-blog-post_author"> 795 <div class="wpd-comment-left "> 796 <div class="wpd-avatar "> 797 <img alt='Sebastiano Mandalà ' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f093206a344754b6439cb046c60668fc49c33e1c74fa4ea45d77dac43a0cf116?s=64&d=retro&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f093206a344754b6439cb046c60668fc49c33e1c74fa4ea45d77dac43a0cf116?s=128&d=retro&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-64 photo' height='64' width='64' loading='lazy' decoding='async'itemprop="image" /> 798</div> 799 <div class="wpd-comment-label" wpd-tooltip="Author" wpd-tooltip-position="right"> 800 <span>Author</span> 801</div> 802 803</div> 804 <div id="comment-102" class="wpd-comment-right"> 805 <div class="wpd-comment-header"> 806 <div class="wpd-comment-author "> 807 Sebastiano Mandalà 808</div> 809 <div class="wpd-comment-date" title="April 26, 2013 9:41 am"> 810 <i class='far fa-clock' aria-hidden='true'></i> 811 13 years ago 812</div> 813 814 815 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 816 <div class="wpd-comment-link wpd-hidden"> 817 <span wpd-tooltip='Comment Link' wpd-tooltip-position='left'><i class='fas fa-link' aria-hidden='true' data-wpd-clipboard='https://www.sebaslab.com/whats-wrong-with-se
817ndmessage-and-broadcastmessage-and-what-to-do-about-it/#comment-102'></i></span> 818</div> 819</div> 820 <div class="wpd-reply-to"> 821 <i class='far fa-comments'></i> 822 Reply to 823 <a href="#comment-101"> 824 rafael 825 </a> 826</div> 827 <div class="wpd-comment-text"> 828 <p>I hope you are wrong, but for safety I will put it out. Thank you for the feedback.</p> 829 830</div> 831 <div class="wpd-comment-footer"> 832 <div class="wpd-vote wpd-vote-disabled" wpd-tooltip='You Must Be Logged In To Vote' wpd-tooltip-size='medium'> 833 <div class="wpd-vote-up wpd_not_clicked"> 834 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-up' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-up fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z'></path></svg> 835 </div> 836 <div class='wpd-vote-result' title='0'>0</div> 837 <div class="wpd-vote-down wpd_not_clicked"> 838 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-down' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-down fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z'></path></svg> 839 </div> 840</div> 841 <div class="wpd-reply-button"> 842 <svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M10 9V5l-7 7 7 7v-4.1c5 0 8.5 1.6 11 5.1-1-5-4-10-11-11z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg> 843 <span>Reply</span> 844</div> 845 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 846 847 848</div> 849</div> 850</div><div id='wpdiscuz_form_anchor-102_101'></div></div></div><div id='wpd-comm-103_0' class='comment even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 wpd-comment has-avatar wpd_comment_level-1'><div class="wpd-comment-wrap wpd-blog-guest"> 851 <div class="wpd-comment-left "> 852 <div class="wpd-avatar "> 853 <img alt='fantasia' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/714355198ad2df29e692adc674dba2e8b5393753a9687e1d70a89491a9c7f1bc?s=64&d=retro&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/714355198ad2df29e692adc674dba2e8b5393753a9687e1d70a89491a9c7f1bc?s=128&d=retro&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-64 photo' height='64' width='64' loading='lazy' decoding='async'itemprop="image" /> 854</div> 855 856 857</div> 858 <div id="comment-103" class="wpd-comment-right"> 859 <div class="wpd-comment-header"> 860 <div class="wpd-comment-author "> 861 fantasia 862</div> 863 <div class="wpd-comment-date" title="February 12, 2014 6:02 pm"> 864 <i class='far fa-clock' aria-hidden='true'></i> 865 12 years ago 866</div> 867 868 869 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 870 <div class="wpd-comment-link wpd-hidden"> 871 <span wpd-tooltip='Comment Link' wpd-tooltip-position='left'><i class='fas fa-link' aria-hidden='true' data-wpd-clipboard='https://www.sebaslab.com/whats-wrong-with-sendmessage-and-broadcastmessage-and-what-to-do-about-it/#comment-103'></i></span> 872</div> 873</div> 874 875 <div class="wpd-comment-text"> 876 <p>Very nice system. Wondering if its possible to add the listeners as components to the gameObject instead of making the monobehaviour inherit from and interface. The reason is that I would like to dynamically add and remove listeners to gameobjects. </p> 877<p>Cheers.</p> 878 879</div> 880 <div class="wpd-comment-footer"> 881 <div class="wpd-vote wpd-vote-disabled" wpd-tooltip='You Must Be Logged In To Vote' wpd-tooltip-size='medium'> 882 <div class="wpd-vote-up wpd_not_clicked"> 883 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-up' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-up fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z'></path></svg> 884 </div> 885 <div class='wpd-vote-result' title='0'>0</div> 886 <div class="wpd-vote-down wpd_not_clicked"> 887 <svg aria-hidden='true' focusable='false' data-prefix='fas' data-icon='chevron-down' class='svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-down fa-w-14' role='img' xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z'></path></svg> 888 </div> 889</div> 890 <div class="wpd-reply-button"> 891 <svg xmlns='https://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M10 9V5l-7 7 7 7v-4.1c5 0 8.5 1.6 11 5.1-1-5-4-10-11-11z'/><path d='M0 0h24v24H0z' fill='none'/></svg> 892 <span>Reply</span> 893</div> 894 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 895 896 897</div> 898</div> 899</div><div id='wpdiscuz_form_anchor-103_0'></div></div><!-- // From wpDiscuz's Caches // --> <div class="wpdiscuz-comment-pagination"> 900 </div> 901 </div> 902 </div> 903 <div class="by-wpdiscuz">
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