PageSourceSearch

https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/

html freetibet.org collected 2026-10-02 05:20:50 UTC 59,528 bytes, 1,048 lines download raw bytes

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13<!doctype html>
14	<!--[if IE]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie"> <![endif]-->
15	<!--[if !IE]><!-->
16	<html lang="en" class="no-js">
17		<!--<![endif]-->
18		<head>
19							<meta charset="utf-8">
20				<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
21				<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
22				<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
23
24				
25								<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
26				<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
27				<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Free Tibet">
28				<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
29
30								<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
31				<meta name="theme-color" content="#263238">
32				<link rel="manifest" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/manifest.json">
33
34								<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32">
35				<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16">
36				<link rel="mask-icon" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#263238">
37				<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/favicon.ico">
38				<meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/images/browserconfig.xml">
39
40				<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
41				
41<script>
vendor: 452 bytes, lines 41-55
41
42				(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
43					w[l] = w[l] || [];
44					w[l].push({
45							'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),
46							event: 'gtm.js'
47					});
48					var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
49							j = d.createElement(s),
50							dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
51					j.async = true;
52					j.src =
53							'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
54					f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);
55				})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', '
55GTM-T5SKNN2
vendor: 8 bytes, lines 55-56
55');
56				
56</script>
56
57				<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
58
59				<title>History of Tibet - Free Tibet</title>
60
61<!-- The SEO Framework by Sybre Waaijer -->
62<meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1,max-image-preview:standard,max-video-preview:-1" />
63<link rel="canonical" href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/" />
64<meta name="description" content="Prior to China’s invasion in 1950, Tibet maintained a unique culture, religion and language for centuries. Today, this culture is under threat from mass Chinese…" />
65<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
66<meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" />
67<meta property="og:site_name" content="Free Tibet" />
68<meta property="og:title" content="History of Tibet" />
69<meta property="og:description" content="Prior to China’s invasion in 1950, Tibet maintained a unique culture, religion and language for centuries. Today, this culture is under threat from mass Chinese immigration and the strict control of…" />
70<meta property="og:url" content="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/" />
71<meta property="og:image" content="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-1300x900.jpg" />
72<meta property="og:image:width" content="2000" />
73<meta property="og:image:height" content="1333" />
74<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Monks at Labrang Monastery, Xiahe County" />
75<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
76<meta name="twitter:title" content="History of Tibet" />
77<meta name="twitter:description" content="Prior to China’s invasion in 1950, Tibet maintained a unique culture, religion and language for centuries. Today, this culture is under threat from mass Chinese immigration and the strict control of…" />
78<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-1300x900.jpg" />
79<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Monks at Labrang Monastery, Xiahe County" />
80<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://freetibet.org/#/schema/WebSite","url":"https://freetibet.org/","name":"Free Tibet","description":"Our vision is a free Tibet in which Tibetans are able to determine their own future and the human rights of all are respected.","inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://freetibet.org/search/{search_term_string}/"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://freetibet.org/#/schema/Organization","name":"Free Tibet","url":"https://freetibet.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1.png","contentUrl":"https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1.png","width":512,"height":512,"contentSize":"4082"}}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/","url":"https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/","name":"History of Tibet - Free Tibet","description":"Prior to China’s invasion in 1950, Tibet maintained a unique culture, religion and language for centuries. Today, this culture is under threat from mass Chinese…","inLanguage":"en-GB","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://freetibet.org/#/schema/WebSite"},"breadcrumb":{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://freetibet.org/#/schema/BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":"https://freetibet.org/","name":"Free Tibet"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":"https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/","name":"Freedom for Tibet - About Tibet"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"History of Tibet"}]},"potentialAction":{"@type":"ReadAction","target":"https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/"}}]}</script>
80
81<!-- / The SEO Framework by Sybre Waaijer | 8.12ms meta | 0.80ms boot -->
82
83<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' />
84<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.omappapi.com' />
85<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreetibet.org%2Ffreedom-for-tibet%2Fhistory-of-tibet%2F" />
86<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffreetibet.org%2Ffreedom-for-tibet%2Fhistory-of-tibet%2F&#038;format=xml" />
87<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
88img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
89/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
90</style>
91<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">
92
93	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
94		display: inline !important;
95		border: none !important;
96		box-shadow: none !important;
97		height: 1em !important;
98		width: 1em !important;
99		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
100		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
101		background: none !important;
102		padding: 0 !important;
103	}
104/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
105</style>
106<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
107:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
107--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
108/*wp_block_styles_on_demand_placeholder:6abd5fae5dd24*/
109/*# sourceURL=wp-block-library-inline-css */
110</style>
111<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
112/*! This file is auto-generated */
113.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
114/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
115</style>
116
117
118<link rel='stylesheet' id='page-list-style-css' href='https://freetibet.org/wp-content/plugins/page-list/css/page-list.css?ver=1.0' media='all' />
119<link rel='stylesheet' id='FreeTibet_Theme-css' href='https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/css/style.css?ver=1.0' media='screen' />
120<link rel='stylesheet' id='FreeTibet_Theme_print-css' href='https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/css/print.css?ver=1.0' media='print' />
121<script id="jquery-js" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0"></script>
121
122<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://freetibet.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
123<link rel="icon" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
124<link rel="icon" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
125<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1-180x180.png" />
126<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon-32x32-1-270x270.png" />
127<style id="wp-custom-css">
128._df_thumb{
129	width:225px;
130	height:337px;
131}
132hr{
133	height:3px;
134	 background-color: #000000;
135	margin-top:30px;
136}
137summary  {
138  list-style: none;
139}
140/* sigh, Safari again */
141summary::-webkit-details-marker {
142  display: none;
143}
144summary {
145  background-color: #0000E1;
146  padding: 10px;
147}
148details {
149  background: #FFFFFF;
150	border: 5px solid #0000E1;
151}
152summary {
153  cursor: pointer;
154}
155summary > * {
156  display: inline;
157}
158</style>
159
160					</head>
161
162		<body class="page-builder" >
163			<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
vendor: 71 bytes, lines 163-164
163
164			<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=
164GTM-T5SKNN2
vendor: 89 bytes, lines 164-166
164"
165			height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
166			
166<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
167
168			<a class="skip-link button" href="#main" tabindex="0">Skip to content</a>
169
170				<header class="header clearfix">
171
172					<a href="/" id="logo" class="header-logo">
173				<picture>
174										<img srcset="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//images/logo.png 1x, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//images/[email protected] 2x" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//images/[email protected]" width="256" height="57" alt="Free Tibet" class="header-logo-image"/>
175				</picture>
176
177				<span class="visually-hidden">Free Tibet</span>
178			</a>
179		
180		<div class="header-outer">
181			<div class="header-inner">
182													<nav class="header-nav">
183												<ul class="header-nav-list clearfix">
184															<li class="nav-item">
185							<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/" class="nav-item-link current">Freedom for Tibet</a>
186
187																			<ul class="dropdown" role="dropdown navigation">
188																							<li class="dropdown-item">
189													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/" class="nav-item-link">History of Tibet</a>
190												</li>
191																							<li class="dropdown-item">
192													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/occupation-of-tibet/" class="nav-item-link">Chinese occupation of Tibet</a>
193												</li>
194																							<li class="dropdown-item">
195													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/tibetan-resistance/" class="nav-item-link">Tibet’s resistance</a>
196												</li>
197																							<li class="dropdown-item">
198													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/political-prisoners/" class="nav-item-link">Political prisoners</a>
199												</li>
200																							<li class="dropdown-item">
201													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/culture-religion/" class="nav-item-link">Culture &#038; religion</a>
202												</li>
203																							<li class="dropdown-item">
204													<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/land-and-environment/" class="nav-item-link">Land &#038; environment</a>
205												</li>
206																					</ul>
207																	</li>
208															<li class="nav-item">
209							<a href="https://freetibet.org/latest/" class="nav-item-link">Latest</a>
210
211																			<ul class="dropdown" role="dropdown navigation">
212																							<li class="dropdown-item">
213													<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=7&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="nav-item-link">News from Tibet</a>
214												</li>
215																							<li class="dropdown-item">
216													<a href=" /latest/?filter_latest_type=8&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="nav-item-link">Campaign news</a>
217												</li>
218																							<li class="dropdown-item">
219													<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=10&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="nav-item-link">Reports</a>
220												</li>
221																							<li class="dropdown-item">
222													<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=14&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="nav-item-link">Magazine</a>
223												</li>
224																					</ul>
225																	</li>
226															<li class="nav-item">
227							<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/" class="nav-item-link">Take Action</a>
228
229																			<ul class="dropdown" role="dropdown navigation">
230																							<li class="dropdown-item">
231													<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/join-a-campaign/" class="nav-item-link">Our campaigns</a>
232												</li>
233																							<li class="dropdown-item">
234													<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/ways-to-give/" class="nav-item-link">Ways to give</a>
235												</li>
236																							<li class="dropdown-item">
237													<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/fundraising/" class="nav-item-link">Fundraise for Tibet</a>
238												</li>
239																					</ul>
240																	</li>
241													</ul>
242					</nav>
243				
244									<div class="header-links clearfix">
245													<a href="https://secure.freetibet.org/donate-free-tibet" class="button">Donate</a>
246											</div>
247				
248								<div class="menu-button-wrapper">
249					<button for="rnav-open" id="rnav-button" class="menu-button hamburger" aria-controls="menu" aria-expanded="false">
250						<span class="line"></span>
251						<span class="line"></span>
252						<span class="line"></span>
253					</button>
254				</div>
255			</div>
256
257						<div class="header-subnav-inner">
258									<nav class="header-subnav">
259
260						
261													<ul class="header-subnav-list clearfix">
262																	<li class="subnav-item">
263										<a href="https://freetibet.org/about-us/" class="nav-item-link">About us</a>
264									</li>
265																	<li class="subnav-item">
266										<a href="https://freetibet.org/media-centre/" class="nav-item-link">Media centre</a>
267									</li>
268																	<li class="subnav-item">
269										<a href="https://store.freetibet.org/" class="nav-item-link">Store</a>
270									</li>
271																	<li class="subnav-item">
272										<a href="https://secure.freetibet.org/donate-free-tibet" class="nav-item-link">Donate</a>
273									</li>
274															</ul>
275											</nav>
276				
277				
278							</div>
279		</div>
280
281	</header>
282<div class="rnav-outer" aria-expanded="false">
283
284	<nav class="rnav">
285
286		<ul class="rnav-list" id="menu" role="tablist">
287							<li class="rnav-item current with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
288					<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/" class="rnav-item-link">Freedom for Tibet</a>
289
290					
291						<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
292														<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewB
292ox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
293								<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#0D1E35" stroke-width="2"/>
294							</svg>
295						</button>
296
297						<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Freedom for Tibet submenu" role="tablist">
298															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
299									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/" class="rnav-item-link">History of Tibet</a>
300								</li>
301															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
302									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/occupation-of-tibet/" class="rnav-item-link">Chinese occupation of Tibet</a>
303								</li>
304															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
305									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/tibetan-resistance/" class="rnav-item-link">Tibet’s resistance</a>
306								</li>
307															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
308									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/political-prisoners/" class="rnav-item-link">Political prisoners</a>
309								</li>
310															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
311									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/culture-religion/" class="rnav-item-link">Culture &#038; religion</a>
312								</li>
313															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
314									<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/land-and-environment/" class="rnav-item-link">Land &#038; environment</a>
315								</li>
316													</ul>
317
318					
319				</li>
320							<li class="rnav-item with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
321					<a href="https://freetibet.org/latest/" class="rnav-item-link">Latest</a>
322
323					
324						<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
325														<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewBox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
326								<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#0D1E35" stroke-width="2"/>
327							</svg>
328						</button>
329
330						<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Latest submenu" role="tablist">
331															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
332									<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=7&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="rnav-item-link">News from Tibet</a>
333								</li>
334															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
335									<a href=" /latest/?filter_latest_type=8&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="rnav-item-link">Campaign news</a>
336								</li>
337															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
338									<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=10&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="rnav-item-link">Reports</a>
339								</li>
340															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
341									<a href="/latest/?filter_latest_type=14&filter_submit_btn=Search" class="rnav-item-link">Magazine</a>
342								</li>
343													</ul>
344
345					
346				</li>
347							<li class="rnav-item with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
348					<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/" class="rnav-item-link">Take Action</a>
349
350					
351						<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
352														<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewBox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
353								<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#0D1E35" stroke-width="2"/>
354							</svg>
355						</button>
356
357						<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Take Action submenu" role="tablist">
358															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
359									<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/join-a-campaign/" class="rnav-item-link">Our campaigns</a>
360								</li>
361															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
362									<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/ways-to-give/" class="rnav-item-link">Ways to give</a>
363								</li>
364															<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
365									<a href="https://freetibet.org/take-action/fundraising/" class="rnav-item-link">Fundraise for Tibet</a>
366								</li>
367													</ul>
368
369					
370				</li>
371			
372			<ul class="rnav-secnav" role="tablist">
373									<li class="rnav-secnav-item" role="tab">
374						<a href="https://freetibet.org/about-us/" class="rnav-item-link">About us</a>
375					</li>
376									<li class="rnav-secnav-item" role="tab">
377						<a href="https://freetibet.org/media-centre/" class="rnav-item-link">Media centre</a>
378					</li>
379									<li class="rnav-secnav-item" role="tab">
380						<a href="https://store.freetibet.org/" class="rnav-item-link">Store</a>
381					</li>
382									<li class="rnav-secnav-item" role="tab">
383						<a href="https://secure.freetibet.org/donate-free-tibet" class="rnav-item-link">Donate</a>
384					</li>
385							</ul>
386		</ul>
387	</nav>
388</div>
389
390						<main id="main" class="main clearfix">
391								
392				
393								
394			
395							
396			<section class="hero-outer full section">	
397		
398					<header class="section-header container">
399				
400				
401				
402							</header>
403			
404					<div class="hero">
405												<figure class="hero-image">
406												  <img srcset="
407          https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-622x350.jpg 622w,           https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-1067x600.jpg 1067w,           https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-1920x1080.jpg 1920w    "
408    sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 1920px, (min-width: 960px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Monks-at-Labrang-Monastery-Xiahe-1920x1080.jpg" alt="Monks at Labrang Monastery, Xiahe County">
409					</figure>
410							
411							<header class="hero-info">
412																		<div class="hero-inner">
413																	<h1 class="hero-title"><span class="hero-title-line">History of Tibet</span></h1>
414								
415								
416								
417															</div>
418															</header>
419					</div>
420
421					<div class="ticker-tape red-blue-text">
422				<div class="ticker-tape-text red-blue-text  scroll-right"></div>
423			</div>
424		
425		
426			
427									
428	</section>
429	
430						<div class="main-section" id="content">
431				<div class="container">
432																																
433																																																																																																																										
434
435		<aside class="sidebar">
436									<div class="sidebar-block">
437
438											<h2 class="sidebar-title">In this section</h2>
439						<button for="sidebar-open" id="sidebar-show-button" class="sidebar-show-button accordion-trigger" aria-controls="sidebar" aria-expanded="false"><span class="visually-hidden">Show sidebar</span></button>
440					
441					<div class="sidebar-inner" aria-expanded="false" id="sidebar">
442													<nav class="sidebar-nav">
443								<ul class="sidebar-nav-list" role="tablist">
444																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																					<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
445												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element current">History of Tibet</a>
446																								<ul class="sidebar-nav-list sub-list" aria-label="History of Tibet submenu" role="tablist">
447																										<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
448														<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/is-tibet-a-country/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link">Is Tibet a country?</a>
449																											</li>
450																										<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
451														<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/where-is-tibet/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link">Where is Tibet?</a>
452																											</li>
453																										<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
454														<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/dalai-lama/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link">The Dalai Lama and Tibet</a>
455																											</li>
456																										<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
457														<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/tibets-history-timelines/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link">Timelines of Tibet&#8217;s history</a>
458																											</li>
459																										<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
460														<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/india-tibet-border-crisis/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link">India/Tibet Border Crisis</a>
461																											</li>
462																									</ul>
463																							</li>
464																						<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
465												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/occupation-of-tibet/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element">Chinese occupation of Tibet</a>
466																							</li>
467																						<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
468												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/tibetan-resistance/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element">Tibet’s resistance</a>
469																							</li>
470																						<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
471												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/political-prisoners/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element">Political prisoners</a>
472																							</li>
473																						<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
474												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/culture-religion/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element">Culture &#038; religion</a>
475																							</li>
476																						<li class="sidebar-nav-item" role="tab">
477												<a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/land-and-environment/" class="sidebar-nav-item-link subnav_element">Land &#038; environment</a>
478																							</li>
479																																																									</ul>
480							</nav>
481											</div>
482
483				</div>
484					
485								</aside>
486												
487					<div class="article">
488						<div class="content clearfix">
489															<p>Prior to China’s invasion in 1950, Tibet maintained a unique culture, religion and language for centuries.</p>
490<p>Today, this culture is under threat from mass Chinese immigration and the strict control of all expressions of Tibetan culture and national identity.</p>
491<p>China boasts of huge investment in Tibet but its economic development is primarily intended to cement its hold on Tibet and enhance its ability to exploit Tibet&#8217;s natural resources. Economic development has improved conditions for some Tibetans but overwhelmingly it favours Chinese migrants, continuing to disadvantage Tibetans economically.</p>
492<p>Along with other countries around the world, Tibet has changed greatly over the past 70 years. However, Tibetans continue to work to preserve their culture and resist oppressive policies on a daily basis.</p>
493<div id="attachment_980" style="width: 1832px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-980" class="wp-image-980 size-full" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva.jpg" alt="Monks sitting at Tashilumpo Monastery, Shigatse" width="1822" height="1220" srcset="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva.jpg 1822w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-300x201.jpg 300w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-768x514.jpg 768w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-1536x1028.jpg 1536w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-800x536.jpg 800w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-600x402.jpg 600w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tibetan-monks-sitting.-Photo-by-Pedro-Seraiva-400x268.jpg 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1822px) 100vw, 1822px" /><p id="caption-attachment-980" class="wp-caption-text">Monks sitting at Tashilumpo Monastery, Shigatse. (Photo: Pedro Saraiva)</p></div>
494<p>Tibet has a long and rich history as a nation existing side-by-side with China while political power in Asia shifted between empires and kingdoms. In 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama issued a proclamation reaffirming Tibet’s independence and the country maintained its own national flag, currency, stamps, passports and army.</p>
495<p>Following China&#8217;s Communist revolution in 1948, it invaded Tibet in 1950. Overwhelmed, Tibet was forced to give up its independence. After a failed uprising against Chinese rule in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama &#8211; Tibet’s political and spiritual leader at the time &#8211; fled into exile in India followed by tens of thousands of Tibetans. Since 1959, China&#8217;s government has exercised total political control over Tibet, using all the tools of repression to deter and punish Tibetan resistance.</p>
496
497													</div>
498
499																															</div>
500					<!-- End Article -->
501				</div>
502				<!-- End container -->
503			</div>
504			<!--End main-section -->
505			
506
507													<div class="components">
508							
509					
510								
511								
512						
513						
514						
515															<section class="pullquote dark section">	
516		
517					<header class="section-header container">
518				
519				
520				
521							</header>
522			
523			<div class="container">
524			<div class="pullquote pullquote-has-image">
525
526									<div class="pullquote-image">
527					<img src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Dalai-lama-e1646311109319.jpg" alt="" height="530" width="530">
528				</div>
529					
530					<div class="pullquote-info">
531
532				<div class="pullquote-info-inner">
533					<blockquote>"The Chinese government wants me to say that for many centuries Tibet has been part of China. Even if I make that statement, many people would just laugh. And my statement will not change past history. History is history."</blockquote>
534					
535											<cite>– the 14th Dalai Lama</cite>
536					
537																
538				</div>
539				
540			</div>
541		
542	</div>
543	</div>
544		
545									
546	</section>
547			
548						
549						
550								
551										
552																				<section class="cards-outer dark section">	
553		
554					<header class="section-header container">
555				<h2 class="section-header-title">Further reading</h2>
556				
557				
558							</header>
559			
560			<div class="container">
561		<div class="cards">
562		    				<article>
563	        <div class="card ">
564
565        						                <div class="card-image">
566																															  <img srcset="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Hero-image-photos-5-1.png 960w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Hero-image-photos-5-1.png 560w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Hero-image-photos-5-1.png 320w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 608px, (min-width: 960px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Hero-image-photos-5-1.png" alt="Further reading" height="530" width="920">
567							                </div>
568				            
569			                <div class="card-wrap">
570                	<div class="card-wrap-inner">
571	                    
572								                    <header class="card-header">
573
574																									
575		                    										<h2 class="card-header-title"><a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/is-tibet-a-country/" class="card-link">IS TIBET A COUNTRY?</a></h2><span class="card-header-icon"></span>
576		                        
577		                        		                    </header>
578	                    
579	                    									                    <div class="card-summary">
580		                        <p><p>The Chinese government justifies its occupation by claiming that Tibet has been part of China for around 800 years. Its claim is not supported by the facts.</p>
581</p>
582		                    </div>
583								                    
584	                    								                    
585                    </div>
586                </div>
587                    </div>
588    </article>
589		    				<article>
590	        <div class="card ">
591
592        						                <div class="card-image">
593																															  <img srcset="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tibetan-Flag-in-Tibet-in-the-1940s.jpg 960w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tibetan-Flag-in-Tibet-in-the-1940s.jpg 560w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tibetan-Flag-in-Tibet-in-the-1940s.jpg 320w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 608px, (min-width: 960px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Tibetan-Flag-in-Tibet-in-the-1940s.jpg" alt="Further reading" height="530" width="920">
594							                </div>
595				            
596			                <div class="card-wrap">
597                	<div class="card-wrap-inner">
598	                    
599								                    <header class="card-header">
600
601																									
602		                    										<h2 class="card-header-title"><a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/tibets-history-timelines/" class="card-link">TIMELINES OF TIBET’S HISTORY</a></h2><span class="card-header-icon"></span>
603		                        
604		                        		                    </header>
605	                    
606	                    									                    <div class="card-summary">
607		                        <p><p>Tibet has a rich history as a nation, existing side-by-side with China for centuries. Browse through our timelines to learn more about Tibet's long history.</p>
608</p>
609		                    </div>
610								                    
611	                    								                    
612                    </div>
613                </div>
614                    </div>
615    </article>
616		    				<article>
617	        <div class="card ">
618
619        						                <div class="card-image">
620																															  <img srcset="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Satellite-view-of-the-Tibetan-Plateau-from-NASAs-Terra-satellite.-Photo-by-NASA.jpg 960w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Satellite-view-of-the-Tibetan-Plateau-from-NASAs-Terra-satellite.-Photo-by-NASA.jpg 560w, https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Satellite-view-of-the-Tibetan-Plateau-from-NASAs-Terra-satellite.-Photo-by-NASA.jpg 320w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 608px, (min-width: 960px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Satellite-view-of-the-Tibetan-Plateau-from-NASAs-Terra-satellite.-Photo-by-NASA.jpg" alt="Further reading" height="530" width="920">
621							                </div>
622				            
623			                <div class="card-wrap">
624                	<div class="card-wrap-inner">
625	                    
626								                    <header class="card-header">
627
628																									
629		                    										<h2 class="card-header-title"><a href="https://freetibet.org/freedom-for-tibet/history-of-tibet/where-is-tibet/" class="card-link">WHERE IS TIBET?</a></h2><span class="card-header-icon"></span>
630		                        
631		                        		                    </header>
632	                    
633	                    									                    <div class="card-summary">
634		                        <p><p>Tibet is located to the southwest of China, also bordering India, Nepal, Myanmar and Bhutan. The historical territory of Tibet would make it the world’s 10th largest nation by geographical area.</p>
635</p>
636		                    </div>
637								                    
638	                    								                    
639                    </div>
640                </div>
641                    </div>
642    </article>
643		    		</div>
644	</div>
645		
646									
647	</section>
648				
649							
650						
651						
652						
653						
654						
655				
656		
657					
658    <div class="signup-banner">
659        <div class="container">
660            <div class="signup-banner-inner">
661                <h2 class="signup-banner-text">BREAKING NEWS FROM TIBET –  <a href="https://secure.freetibet.org/sign-email">Sign up now for updates</a></h2>
662            </div>
663        </div>
664    </div>
665	
666				
667<div class="wide-image">
668    <div class="wide-image-inner">
669
670        
671                          <img srcset="
672          https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/footer-image-e1645784060872-622x350.png 622w,           https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/footer-image-e1645784060872-1067x600.png 1067w,           https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/footer-image-e1645784060872-1920x646.png 1920w    "
673    sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 1920px, (min-width: 960px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/footer-image-e1645784060872-1920x646.png" alt="">
674
675                            <figcaption class="wide-image-caption">We are Free Tibet, and we stand with Tibetans around the world. For their homeland, for their future and against China’s brutal occupation.</figcaption>
676            
677        
678    </div>
679</div>	
680					</div>
681				
682							</main>
683
684			
685	
686		<footer class="section footer">
687		<div class="footer-nav-wrapper">
688			<div class="container">
689									<div class="footer-header">
690
691													<form method="get" class="search" action="/">
692	<div role="search">
693	  <label class="search-label visually-hidden" for="search-footer">Search website</label>
694	  <input id="search-footer" class="search-input" type="text" name="s" placeholder="Search">
695	  <button class="search-button" type="submit" title="Search submit" aria-label="Search submit">
696		  <svg aria-hidden="true" class="search-icon"><use xlink:href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//svg/icons.svg#search"/></svg></span>
697	  </button>
698	</div>
699</form>
700						
701					</div>
702				
703				<div class="footer-nav-outer">
704
705											<ul class="footer-rnav">
706															<li class="rnav-item with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
707
708									<div class="link-button-wrapper">
709										<a href="#" class="rnav-item-link">Take action for Tibet</a>
710
711																					<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
712												<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewBox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
713													<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="2"/>
714												</svg>
715											</button>
716																				
717									</div>
718
719																			<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Take action for Tibet submenu" role="tablist">
720																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
721													<a href="/take-action/join-a-campaign/" class="rnav-item-link">Join a campaign</a>
722												</li>
723																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
724													<a href="/take-action/ways-to-give/" class="rnav-item-link">Ways to give</a>
725												</li>
726																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
727													<a href="/take-action/fundraising/" class="rnav-item-link">Fundraise for Tibet</a>
728												</li>
729																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
730													<a href="https://freetibet.org/jobs/" class="rnav-item-link">Careers</a>
731												</li>
732																					</ul>
733									
734								</li>
735															<li class="rnav-item with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
736
737									<div class="link-button-wrapper">
738										<a href="#" class="rnav-item-link">Quicklinks</a>
739
740																					<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
741												<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewBox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
742													<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="2"/>
743												</svg>
744											</button>
745																				
746									</div>
747
748																			<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Quicklinks submenu" role="tablist">
749																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
750													<a href="/about-us/tibet-society/" class="rnav-item-link">Tibet Society</a>
751												</li>
752																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
753													<a href="/media-centre" class="rnav-item-link">Media centre</a>
754												</li>
755																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
756													<a href="/trusts-and-foundations/" class="rnav-item-link">Trusts and foundations</a>
757												</li>
758																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
759													<a href="https://freetibet.org/contact-us/" class="rnav-item-link">Contact us</a>
760												</li>
761																					</ul>
762									
763								</li>
764															<li class="rnav-item with-dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" role="tab">
765
766									<div class="link-button-wrapper">
767										<a href="#" class="rnav-item-link">The small print</a>
768
769																					<button class="rnav-arrow" aria-expanded="false">
770												<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon" width="11" height="7" viewB
770ox="0 0 11 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
771													<path d="M1 1.24268L5.24268 5.48535L9.48535 1.24268" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="2"/>
772												</svg>
773											</button>
774																				
775									</div>
776
777																			<ul class="rnav-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="The small print submenu" role="tablist">
778																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
779													<a href="https://freetibet.org/sitemap/" class="rnav-item-link">Sitemap</a>
780												</li>
781																							<li class="rnav-item" role="tab">
782													<a href="https://freetibet.org/privacy-policy/" class="rnav-item-link">Privacy policy</a>
783												</li>
784																					</ul>
785									
786								</li>
787													</ul>
788
789					
790											<ul class="footer-nav">
791							<li class="footer-nav-item">
792								<h3 class="footer-nav-item-title">Take action for Tibet</h3>
793							</li>
794															<li class="footer-nav-item">
795									<a href="/take-action/join-a-campaign/" class="nav-item-link">Join a campaign</a>
796								</li>
797															<li class="footer-nav-item">
798									<a href="/take-action/ways-to-give/" class="nav-item-link">Ways to give</a>
799								</li>
800															<li class="footer-nav-item">
801									<a href="/take-action/fundraising/" class="nav-item-link">Fundraise for Tibet</a>
802								</li>
803															<li class="footer-nav-item">
804									<a href="https://freetibet.org/jobs/" class="nav-item-link">Careers</a>
805								</li>
806													</ul>
807
808						<ul class="footer-nav">
809							<li class="footer-nav-item">
810								<h3 class="footer-nav-item-title">Quicklinks</h3>
811							</li>
812															<li class="footer-nav-item">
813									<a href="/about-us/tibet-society/" class="nav-item-link">Tibet Society</a>
814								</li>
815															<li class="footer-nav-item">
816									<a href="/media-centre" class="nav-item-link">Media centre</a>
817								</li>
818															<li class="footer-nav-item">
819									<a href="/trusts-and-foundations/" class="nav-item-link">Trusts and foundations</a>
820								</li>
821															<li class="footer-nav-item">
822									<a href="https://freetibet.org/contact-us/" class="nav-item-link">Contact us</a>
823								</li>
824													</ul>
825
826						<ul class="footer-nav">
827							<li class="footer-nav-item">
828								<h3 class="footer-nav-item-title">The small print</h3>
829							</li>
830															<li class="footer-nav-item tools">
831									<a href="https://freetibet.org/sitemap/" class="nav-item-link">Sitemap</a>
832								</li>
833															<li class="footer-nav-item tools">
834									<a href="https://freetibet.org/privacy-policy/" class="nav-item-link">Privacy policy</a>
835								</li>
836													</ul>
837					
838											<ul class="footer-nav social clearfix">
839														<li class="footer-nav-item social">
840								<a href="https://www.instagram.com/freetibetorg/" class="instagram nav-item-link" aria-label="Share on instagram" target="_blank">
841									<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//svg/icons.svg#instagram"/>Instagram</svg>
842									<span class="visually-hidden">instagram (opens in a new window)</span>
843								</a>
844							</li>
845														<li class="footer-nav-item social">
846								<a href="https://www.facebook.com/FreeTibetOrg" class="facebook nav-item-link" aria-label="Share on facebook" target="_blank">
847									<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//svg/icons.svg#facebook"/>Facebook</svg>
848									<span class="visually-hidden">facebook (opens in a new window)</span>
849								</a>
850							</li>
851														<li class="footer-nav-item social">
852								<a href="https://bsky.app/profile/freetibet.org" class="twitter nav-item-link" aria-label="Share on twitter" target="_blank">
853									<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//svg/icons.svg#twitter"/>Twitter</svg>
854									<span class="visually-hidden">twitter (opens in a new window)</span>
855								</a>
856							</li>
857														<li class="footer-nav-item social">
858								<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/FreeTibetUK" class="youtube nav-item-link" aria-label="Share on youtube" target="_blank">
859									<svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets//svg/icons.svg#youtube"/>Youtube</svg>
860									<span class="visually-hidden">youtube (opens in a new window)</span>
861								</a>
862							</li>
863													</ul>
864					
865				</div>
866
867			</div>
868	    </div>
869
870		 				    <div class="footer-credits">
871		    	<div class="container">
872		        	<p>&copy; Free Tibet 2026. All Rights Reserved. Free Tibet is a UK company limited by guarantee (company number: 03103487) <span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fatbeehive.com/">Charity web design</a> by Fat Beehive</span></p>
873		    	</div>
874		    </div>
875	    
876	</footer>
877
878						
879										
879<script src="https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.x.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
879
880				
880<script>
881				var config = {
882					apiKey: '44a18f82c27e296feaf305871cce05ad7e967a55',
883					product: 'COMMUNITY',
884					layout: 'slideout',
885					initialState: 'open',
886					notifyOnce: false,
887					settingsStyle: 'button',
888					rejectButton: false,
889					consentCookieExpiry: 30,
890					closeStyle: 'button',
891					notifyDismissButton: true,
892					necessaryCookies: [
893							 'wordpress_*',
894							 'wordpress_logged_in_*',
895							 'CookieControl',
896							 '__cfduid',
897							 '__cfruid',
898							 '__lc_cst',
899							 'li_gc',
900							 'm',
901							 'rc::a',
902							 'rc::c',
903							 'wordpress_test_cookie',
904							 '__lc2_cid',
905							 '__lc2_cst',
906							 '__livechat',
907							 'CASID',
908							 'lang',
909							 'CONSENT',
910							 'CookieConsent'],
911					text: {
912						title: 'Our use of cookies',
913						intro: 'We use essential cookies to make our site work. We’d also like to set optional cookies to help us understand more about how people use the website to help us make further improvements.',
914						necessaryTitle: 'Essential Cookies',
915						necessaryDescription: 'Essential cookies enable core functionality such as page navigation and access to secure areas. The website cannot function properly without these cookies. You can disable these cookies by changing your browser settings, but this may affect how the' +
916								' website functions.',
917						acceptRecommended: 'Accept recommended settings',
918						accept: 'Accept recommended settings',
919						acceptSettings: 'Accept recommended settings',
920						closeLabel: 'Save your preferred settings'
921					},
922					statement: {
923						description: 'You can find out more about the cookies we use in our ',
924						name: 'Privacy policy',
925						url: 'https://freetibet.org/privacy-notice/',
926						updated: '16/02/2022'
927					},
928					optionalCookies: [
929						{
930							name: 'analytics',
931							label: 'Analytics',
932							recommendedState: 'on',
933							description: `We'd also like to set anonymous Google Analytics cookies to help us to improve our website by collecting and reporting information on how you use it. For more information on how these cookies work please see our privacy policy `,
934							cookies: [
935								'_ga',
936								'_gid',
937								'_gat*',
938								'__utma',
939								'__utmt',
940								'__utmb',
941								'__utmc',
942								'__utmz',
943								'__utmv',
944								'AnalyticsSyncHistory',
945								'personalization_id',
946								'collect',
947							],
948							onAccept: function() {
949								dataLayer.push({'civic_cookies_analytics': 'a001', 'event': 'civicCookiesAccept'});
950							},
951							onRevoke: function() {
952								dataLayer.push({'civic_cookies_analytics': 'a000', 'event': 'civicCookiesDecline'});
953							}
954						},
955						{
956							 name: 'marketing',
957							 label: 'Marketing',
958							 recommendedState: 'on',
959							 description: 'By allowing marketing cookies you can help us make sure we’re marketing as effectively as we can. Turning this off won’t stop you seeing ads, but by allowing marketing cookies you can make sure they are more relevant to you.',
960							 cookies: [
961								 '__zlcmid',
962								 'zte#',
963								 '_fbp',
964								 '_gcl_au',
965								 'ads/ga-audiences',
966								 'bcookie',
967								 'bscookie',
968								 'fr',
969								 'i/adsct',
970								 'IDE',
971								 'lidc',
972								 'lissc',
973								 'test_cookie',
974								 'UserMatchHistory',
975								 'VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE',
976								 'YSC',
977								 'yt-remote-cast-installed',
978								 'yt-remote-connected-devices',
979								 'yt-remote-device-id',
980								 'yt-remote-fast-check-period',
981								 'yt-remote-session-name',
982								 'bscookie',
983								 'i/adsct',
984								 'lang',
985								 'lidc',
986								 'tr',
987								 'YSC',
988								 'intercom.intercom-state-#',
989								 'muc_ads',
990						 ],
991							 onAccept : function() {
992								 dataLayer.push({
993									 'civic_cookies_marketing': 'a001',
994									 'event': 'civicCookies_marketingAccept'
995								 });
996								 console.log('Marketing onAccept triggered ');
997							 },
998							 onRevoke: function(){
999								 dataLayer.push({
1000									 'civic_cookies_marketing': 'a000',
1001									 'event': 'civicCookies_marketingDecline'
1002								 });
1003								 console.log('Marketing onRevoke triggered ');
1004							 }
1005						 }
1006					],
1007
1008					position: 'LEFT',
1009					theme: 'LIGHT'
1010				};
1011
1012				CookieControl.load(config);
1013				</script>
1013
1014						
1015								
1015<script type="speculationrules">
1016{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/freetibet/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
1017</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1017
1017
1018<script>
1019	var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g
1020	var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '')
1021	history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash)
1022</script>
1022
1023<!-- This site is converting visitors into subscribers and customers with OptinMonster - https://optinmonster.com :: Campaign Title: Email Sign-up -->
1024<script>(function(d,u,ac){var s=d.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';s.src='https://a.omappapi.com/app/js/api.min.js';s.async=true;s.dataset.user=u;s.dataset.campaign=ac;d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s);})(document,266281,'jyiuh5rug0jtjgdwgrny');</script>
1024
1025<!-- / OptinMonster -->		
1025<script type="text/javascript">
1026		var jyiuh5rug0jtjgdwgrny_shortcode = true;		</script>
1026
1027		
1027<script id="core_min_js-js" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/themes/freetibet/assets/js/core.min.js?ver=1.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1027
1027
1028<script>(function(d){var s=d.createElement("script");s.type="text/javascript";s.src="https://a.omappapi.com/app/js/api.min.js";s.async=true;s.id="omapi-script";d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(s);})(document);</script>
1028<script id="optinmonster-wp-helper-js" src="https://freetibet.org/wp-content/plugins/optinmonster/assets/dist/js/helper.min.js?ver=2.17.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1028
1028
1029<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
1030{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://freetibet.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.0.5"}}
1031</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1031
1031
1032<script type="module">
1033/*! This file is auto-generated */
1034var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
1035//# sourceURL=https://freetibet.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
1036</script>
1036
1037		
1037<script type="text/javascript">var omapi_localized = {
1038			ajax: 'https://freetibet.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?optin-monster-ajax-route=1',
1039			nonce: '2651f9f171',
1040			slugs:
1041			{"jyiuh5rug0jtjgdwgrny":{"slug":"jyiuh5rug0jtjgdwgrny","mailpoet":false}}		};</script>
1041
1042				
1042<script type="text/javascript">var omapi_data = {"object_id":978,"object_key":"page","object_type":"post","term_ids":[],"wp_json":"https:\/\/freetibet.org\/wp-json","wc_active":false,"edd_active":false,"nonce":"85a520d181"};</script>
1042
1043		
1044
1045								
1046			
1047								</body>
1048	</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.