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69 70<div align="center"> 71 72<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> 73 <tr> 74 <td> 75 <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/default.asp?Cate=Home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Nav01','','/images/header/navigator/b_Home_on.gif',1)"> 76 <img border="0" src="/images/header/navigator/b_Home_off.gif" width="56" height="19" alt="home" name="Nav01"></a></td> 77 <td> 78 <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Introduction.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Nav02','','/images/header/navigator/b_Observation_on.gif',1)"> 79 <img border="0" src="/images/header/navigator/b_Observation_on.gif" width="87" height="19" alt="observation" name="Nav02"></a></td> 80 <td> 81 <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/Science/Introduction.asp?Cate=Science&SubCate=MP01" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('Nav03','','/images/header/navigator/b_Science_on.gif',1)"> 82 <img 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<table border="0" id="table2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> 117 <tr> 118 <td width="12"><img border="0" src="/images/content/TopLeft.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 119 <td width="260" background="/images/content/TopMiddle.gif"></td> 120 <td width="12"><img border="0" src="/images/content/TopRight.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 121 <td width="10" align=center><img border="0" src="/images/spacerDarkBlue.gif" width="10" height="5"></td> 122 <td width="12"><img border="0" src="/images/content/TopLeft.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 123 <td width="482" background="/images/content/TopMiddle.gif"></td> 124 <td width="12"><img border="0" src="/images/content/TopRight.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 125 </tr> 126 <tr valign=top> 127 <td width="12" background="/images/content/MiddleLeft.gif"></td> 128 <td width="260" bgcolor="#99B6D4"> 129 <div align="center"> 130 <!-- begin of Mathematics & Physics categories --> 131<table border="0" width="100%" id="table3"> 132 <tr> 133 <td align="center"> 134 <!-- 135 <img border="0" src="/images/categories/txt_Observation.gif" width="247" height="30" alt="Mathematics & Physics"> 136 --> 137 <img border="0" src="/images/categories/txt_Observation.gif" width="142" height="30" alt="Observation"> 138 139 </td> 140 </tr> 141</table> 142 143<!-- begin of observation --> 144<table border="0" width="100%" id="table3"> 145<!-- 146 <tr valign=top> 147 <td><img border="0" src="/images/i_Telescope.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 148 <td><a class="SubCate" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_07.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07"> 149 Introduction</a></td> 150 </tr> 151--> 152 <tr valign=top> 153 <td><img border="0" src="/images/i_Telescope.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 154 <td> 155 <a class="SubCate" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Introduction.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07">Introduction</a> 156 157 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/CelestialSphere.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0701">Celestial Sphere</a> 158 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/HowToMeasure.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0702">How to Measure the Night Sky</a> 159 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Ecliptic.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0703">The Ecliptic</a> 160 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Coordinates.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0704">Coordinates</a> 161 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Scale.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0705">A Matter of Scale</a> 162 163 </td> 164 </tr> 165<!-- 166 <tr valign=top> 167 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 168 <td><a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/NightSky.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08"> 169 The Night Sky</a></td> 170 </tr> 171--> 172 <tr valign=top> 173 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 174 <td> 175 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/NightSky.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08"><u>The Night Sky</u></a> 176 177 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Constellations.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0801">88 constellations</a> 178 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsNorthernHemi.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=NorthernHemisphere"><u>Northern Hemisphere</u></a> 179 180 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsNorthernHemi_Spring.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=NorthernHemisphereSpring">Spring</a> 181 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsNorthernHemi_Summer.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=NorthernHemisphereSummer">Summer</a> 182 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsNorthernHemi_Autumn.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=NorthernHemisphereAutumn">Autumn</a> 183 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsNorthernHemi_Winter.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=NorthernHemisphereWinter">Winter</a> 184 185 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsSouthernHemi.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=SouthernHemisphere"><u>Southern Hemisphere</u></a> 186 187 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsSouthernHemi_Autumn.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=SouthernHemisphereAutumn">Autumn</a> 188 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsSouthernHemi_Winter.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=SouthernHemisphereWinter">Winter</a> 189 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsSouthernHemi_Spring.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=SouthernHemisphereSpring">Spring</a> 190 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="20" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ConstellationsSouthernHemi_Summer.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=SouthernHemisphereSummer">Summer</a> 191 192 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Zodiac.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0804">Zodiac</a> 193 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Asterisms.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0805">Asterisms</a> 194 195 </td> 196 </tr> 197 <!-- 198 <tr valign=top> 199 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 200 <td><a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/NakedEye.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP09"> 201 Naked-Eye Observing</a></td> 202 </tr> 203 --> 204 <tr valign=top> 205 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 206 <td> 207 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/NakedEye.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP09"><u>Naked-Eye Observing</u></a> 208 209 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Moon.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0901">Moon</a> 210 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Planets.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0902">Planets</a> 211 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MilkyWay.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0903">Milky Way</a> 212 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/ManMade.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0904">Artificial Satellites</a> 213 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Comets.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0905">Naked Eye Comets</a> 214 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MeteorShowers.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0906">Meteor Showers</a> 215 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/IridiumFlares.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0907">Iridium Flares</a> 216 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Aurora.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0908">Aurora</a> 217 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/DeepSky.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0909">
217Star Clusters</a> 218 <br><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" width="10" height="1"><a class=SubCate2 href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/Eclipses.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0910">Eclipses</a> 219 220 </td> 221 </tr> 222</table> 223<!-- end of observation --> 224<!-- begin of science --> 225<!-- 226<table border="0" width="100%" id="table3"> 227 <tr> 228 <td align="center"> 229 <img border="0" src="/images/categories/txt_Science.gif" width="85" height="30" alt="Science"> 230 </td> 231 </tr> 232</table> 233<table border="0" width="100%" id="table3"> 234 <tr valign=top> 235 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 236 <td><a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_01.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP01">Introduction</a></td> 237 </tr> 238 <tr valign=top> 239 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 240 <td> 241 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_02.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP02">Astronomy Tools</a> 242 243 </td> 244 </tr> 245 --> 246 <!-- 247 <tr valign=top> 248 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 249 <td><a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_03.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP03">Basic Mathematics</a></td> 250 </tr> 251 --> 252 <!-- 253 <tr valign=top> 254 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 255 <td> 256 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_03.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP03">Basic Mathematics</a> 257 258 </td> 259 </tr> 260 261 <tr valign=top> 262 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 263 <td> 264 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_04.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP04">Physics</a> 265 266 </td> 267 </tr> 268 <tr valign=top> 269 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 270 <td><a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_05.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP05">Computer Models</a></td> 271 </tr> 272 <tr valign=top> 273 <td><img border="0" src="/images/spacerLightBlue.gif" alt="icon" width="15" height="15"></td> 274 <td> 275 <a class="SubCateUnselected" href="https://astronomyonline.org/Observation/MP_06.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP06">Additional Resources</a> 276 277 </td> 278 </tr> 279</table> 280--> 281<!-- end of science --> 282<!-- end of Advance Topics --><!-- end of Physics & Mathematics categories --> 283 </div> 284 </td> 285 <td width="12" background="/images/content/MiddleRight.gif"></td> 286 <td width="10" align=center><img border="0" src="/images/spacerDarkBlue.gif" width="10" height="5"></td> 287 <td width="12" background="/images/content/MiddleLeft.gif"></td> 288 <td width="482" bgcolor="#99B6D4"> 289 <div align="center"> 290 <!-- begin of content --> 291 <table border="0" width="480" id="table3"> 292 <tr> 293 <td class="SubCate">Observation - Introduction</td> 294 </tr> 295 <tr> 296 <td align="center"> 297<br> 298 <table border="0" width="100%" id="table5"> 299 <tr> 300 <td> 301 <img border="0" src="../images/ClipArt/Astronomy5.gif" width="73" height="100"></td> 302 <td>Astronomy has many different levels. 303 From enjoyment in viewing the veil of 304 <a href="../Stars/Introduction.asp?Cate=Stars&SubCate=OG01">stars</a> from a 305 back yard patio to programming 306 <a href="../Cosmology/Galaxies.asp?Cate=Cosmology&SubCate=CM03">galaxy</a> collision 307 <a href="../Science/ComputerModels.asp?Cate=Science&SubCate=MP05">simulations</a> on a cluster of computers, there is sure 308 to be a subject in between these extremes that will 309 stimulate your mind.</td> 310 </tr> 311 </table> 312 <p>This section will deal with 313 the very basics of Astronomy. Now just because they 314 are basic does not mean they are any less boring! 315 Living near a large city with night skies flooded 316 with mercury-vapor street lamps, I envy those who 317 can sit on their patio and enjoy the collection of 318 <a href="../Stars/Introduction.asp?Cate=Stars&SubCate=OG01">stars</a> overhead. 319 <p>To observe the night sky, it is helpful to follow 320 a map. One of the ideas behind the 321 <a href="NightSky.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08">constellation</a> drawings is 322 to serve this purpose. We also know there are 323 several constants to consider: 324 <table border="1" width="100%" id="table4"> 325 <tr> 326 <td>1.</td> 327 <td>Polaris - the North Star - is the axis 328 of 329 <a href="CelestialSphere.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08&SubCate2=MP0701">Earth's rotation</a></td> 330 </tr> 331 <tr> 332 <td>2.</td> 333 <td>The 334 <a href="CelestialSphere.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08&SubCate2=MP0701">Celestial Sphere</a> rotates from East 335 to West</td> 336 </tr> 337 <tr> 338 <td>3.</td> 339 <td>Your hand and common celestial objects
340 can be used for measure</td> 341 </tr> 342 <tr> 343 <td>4.</td> 344 <td>The 345 <a href="../SolarSystem/SunIntroduction.asp?Cate=SolarSystem&SubCate=OurSun&SubCate2=SS01">Sun</a>, 346 <a href="../SolarSystem/MoonIntroduction.asp?Cate=SolarSystem&SubCate=TheMoon&SubCate2=TM01">Moon</a>, and 347 <a href="../SolarSystem/Introduction.asp?Cate=SolarSystem&SubCate=Introduction&SubCate2=SS00">Planets</a> travel along 348 the 349 <a href="Ecliptic.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08&SubCate2=MP0703">Ecliptic plane</a></td> 350 </tr> 351 <tr> 352 <td>5.</td> 353 <td>Astronomers use a Celestial 354 <a href="Coordinates.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP07&SubCate2=MP0704">Coordinate</a> 355 system to locate objects within the 356 <a href="NightSky.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08">night 357 sky</a></td> 358 </tr> 359 </table> 360 <!-- 361 <p align="center"><hr size="1"> 362 <em><a href="../SponsoredPost/AstronomyScholarships.asp" target="_blank">How to Get Astronomy Scholarships for College Students</a></em> 363 <hr size="1"></p> 364 --> 365 <p>Time is also important to understand when dealing 366 with Astronomy, and the use of 367 <a href="../Science/SiderealTime.asp?Cate=Science&SubCate=MP01&SubCate2=MP040202">Sidereal time</a> can be 368 found in the 369 <a href="../Science/SiderealTime.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP04&SubCate2=MP040202">Science Section</a>.</p> 370 <p align="center"> 371 <img border="0" src="../Observation/Images/AstroCartoons2.gif" width="455" height="561"><br> 372 (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencecartoonsplus.com/">Science 373 Cartoons Plus</a>)</p> 374 <!--<p align="center"><hr size="1"> 375 <em><a href="../SponsoredPost/5ReasonsNotHobbyToJob.asp" target="_blank">5 Reasons Not to Turn Your Hobby Into Your Daytime Job</a></em> 376 <hr size="1"></p>--> 377 <p>Knowing where to look and understanding some 378 basic fundamentals will enhance the hobby of 379 Astronomy.</p> 380 <p><i><a href="#Top">Back to Top</a></i></p></td> 381 </tr> 382 </table> 383 <!-- end of content --> 384 </div> 385 </td> 386 <td width="12" background="/images/content/MiddleRight.gif"></td> 387 </tr> 388 <tr> 389 <td><img border="0" src="/images/content/BottomLeft.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 390 <td background="/images/content/BottomMiddle.gif"></td> 391 <td><img border="0" src="/images/content/BottomRight.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 392 <td align=center><img border="0" src="/images/spacerDarkBlue.gif" width="10" height="5"></td> 393 <td><img border="0" src="/images/content/BottomLeft.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 394 <td background="/images/content/BottomMiddle.gif"></td> 395 <td><img border="0" src="/images/content/BottomRight.gif" width="12" height="12"></td> 396 </tr> 397 </table> 398 </td> 399 </tr> 400</table> 401<p align="center"><!--img border="0" src="images/spacerDarkBlue.gif" width="1" height="8">--> 402 403<table width="550" border="0"> 404 <tr> 405 <td> 406 407 <div align="center"><a href="https://astronomyonline.org/WebbyNomination2006.asp"><img src="/images/Webbys_2006/2006WebbySharp.gif" width="50" height="50" border="0" /></a></div> 408 409 </td> 410 <td> 411 412 <div align="center"><a href="https://astronomyonline.org/Search.asp?Cate=Search">Search</a> | <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/SiteMap.asp?Cate=SiteMap">Site Map</a> | 413 <!--<a target="_blank" href="http://www.cafepress.com/astronomyonline">Buy Stuff - Store</a> | --> 414 <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/Appendix.asp?Cate=Appendix">Appendix</a><br /> 415 ©2004 - 2026 <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/default.asp?Cate=Home">Astronomy Online</a>. All rights reserved. <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/ContactUs.asp?Cate=ContactUs">Contact Us</a>. <a href="https://astronomyonline.org/Legal.asp?Cate=Legal">Legal</a>. <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
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