1<!doctype html> 2<html> 3 <head> 4 5 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 6 <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/favicon.png"> 7 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"> 8 <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> 9 <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1564407398"/> 10 <title>TeachMePhysiology - Making Physiology Simple</title> 11 <link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/images/top-corner.webp" fetchpriority="high"> 12 13 <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> 14 15 <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ --> 16 <meta name="description" content="Thousands of healthcare students around the world rely on TeachMePhysiology to help them study.From the team behind the hugely popular TeachMePhysiology, TeachMePhysiology brings you concise, relevant and illustrated descriptions of high-yield physiological topics and concepts.Available on desktop, tablet & mobile, TeachMePhysiology is here to help you get the most out of your studies today.Keep an eye out for our app (currently under construction)." /> 17 <link rel="canonical" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/" /> 18 <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> 19 <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> 20 <meta property="og:title" content="TeachMePhysiology - Making Physiology Simple" /> 21 <meta property="og:description" content="Thousands of healthcare students around the world rely on TeachMePhysiology to help them study.From the team behind the hugely popular TeachMePhysiology, TeachMePhysiology brings you concise, relevant and illustrated descriptions of high-yield physiological topics and concepts.Available on desktop, tablet & mobile, TeachMePhysiology is here to help you get the most out of your studies today.Keep an eye out for our app (currently under construction)." /> 22 <meta property="og:url" content="https://teachmephysiology.com/" /> 23 <meta property="og:site_name" content="TeachMePhysiology" /> 24 <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2026-07-29T05:44:15+00:00" /> 25 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 26
26<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/","url":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/","name":"TeachMePhysiology - Making Physiology Simple","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#organization"},"datePublished":"2019-08-19T10:19:53+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-29T05:44:15+00:00","description":"Thousands of healthcare students around the world rely on TeachMePhysiology to help them study.From the team behind the hugely popular TeachMePhysiology, TeachMePhysiology brings you concise, relevant and illustrated descriptions of high-yield physiological topics and concepts.Available on desktop, tablet & mobile, TeachMePhysiology is here to help you get the most out of your studies today.Keep an eye out for our app (currently under construction).","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/","name":"TeachMePhysiology","description":"Making Physiology Simple","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#organization","name":"TeachMePhysiology","url":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fav_icon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fav_icon.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"TeachMePhysiology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teachmephysiology.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}</script>
26 27 <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> 28 29 30<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> 31<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> 32<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//challenges.cloudflare.com' /> 33<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> 34<link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> 35<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 36img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 37/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 38</style> 39<link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-vat-compliance-style-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-eu-vat-compliance-premium/build/style-vat-number-block.css?ver=1.36.10' media='all' /> 40<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css"> 41:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
41--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} 42 43/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */ 44</style> 45<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 46/*! This file is auto-generated */ 47.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} 48/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */ 49</style> 50 51<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 52:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
520) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
52.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} 53/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 54</style> 55 56<link rel='stylesheet' id='article-audio-player-style-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-tools/includes/../assets/css/style.css?ver=1.2.3' media='all' /> 57<link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-public.css?ver=3.5.6' media='all' /> 58<link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-gdpr.css?ver=3.5.6' media='all' /> 59<link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-aelia-cs-frontend-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-aelia-currencyswitcher/src/design/css/frontend.css?ver=5.2.8.250501' media='all' /> 60<link rel='stylesheet' id='metorik-css-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/metorik-helper/assets/css/metorik.css?ver=2.0.10' media='all' /> 61<link rel='stylesheet' id='wcsatt-css-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-subscriptions/build/apfs-frontend.css?ver=9.2.0' media='all' /> 62<link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=5.3.2' media='all' /> 63<link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=3.1.2' media='all' /> 64<link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=3.1.2' media='all' /> 65<link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=3.1.2' media='all' /> 66<link rel='stylesheet' id='typekit-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/hix6ynr.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> 67<link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrapicons-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/font/bootstrap-icons.min.css?ver=1.13.1' media='all' /> 68<link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.7.2/css/all.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> 69<link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Swiper/8.4.5/swiper-bundle.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' /> 70<link rel='stylesheet' id='corestyles-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/css/style.css?ver=1790669654' media='all' /> 71<style id="corestyles-inline-css"> 72 73 :root { 74 --primary-color: #39b54a; 75 --primary-rgb: 57, 181, 74; 76 --primary-light-color: #86cf67; 77 --btn-disabled-bg: #86cf67; 78 --primary-dark-color: #398d25; 79 --primary-faded-color: #2a4731; 80 } 81 82 td.product-name::before { 83 background-image: url('https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/logo-white-1.png'); 84 } 85 86 .subjects-menu { font-size: 14px; } 87 88/*# sourceURL=corestyles-inline-css */ 89</style>
90<script id="wpml-cookie-js-extra"> 91var wpml_cookies = {"wp-wpml_current_language":{"value":"en","expires":1,"path":"/"}}; 92var wpml_cookies = {"wp-wpml_current_language":{"value":"en","expires":1,"path":"/"}}; 93//# sourceURL=wpml-cookie-js-extra 94</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 94
94
95<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="wpml-cookie-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/js/cookies/language-cookie.js?ver=497000"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 95
95
96<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 96
96
97<script id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> 98var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"cookielist":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"ccpaType":"gdpr","js_blocking":"1","custom_integration":"","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; 99var cli_cookiebar_settings = {"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#39b54a","border":"#b1a6a6c2","border_on":"","button_1_button_colour":"#0a0000","button_1_button_hover":"#080000","button_1_link_colour":"#fff","button_1_as_button":"1","button_1_new_win":"","button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#ffffff","button_2_as_button":"","button_2_hidebar":"","button_3_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_3_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_3_link_colour":"#333333","button_3_as_button":"1","button_3_new_win":"","button_4_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_4_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_4_link_colour":"#333333","button_4_as_button":"1","button_7_button_colour":"#61a229","button_7_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_7_link_colour":"#fff","button_7_as_button":"1","button_7_new_win":"","font_family":"inherit","header_fix":"","notify_animate_hide":"1","notify_animate_show":"","notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"right","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":"","scroll_close_reload":"","accept_close_reload":"","reject_close_reload":"","showagain_tab":"","showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#ffffff","show_once_yn":"","show_once":"10000","logging_on":"","as_popup":"","popup_overlay":"1","bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left"}; 100var log_object = {"ajax_url":"https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"}; 101//# sourceURL=cookie-law-info-js-extra 102</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 102
102
103<script id="cookie-law-info-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=3.5.6"></script>
103 104<meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:4.9.7 stt:1,2;" /> 105
105<script> 106 (function() { 107 var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; 108 var isTeachMeApp = /TeachMe.*-iOS|TeachMe.*-Android/.test(userAgent); 109 110 if (isTeachMeApp) { 111 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { 112 document.body.classList.add('teachme-app-view'); 113 }); 114 } 115 })(); 116 </script>
116 117
117<script type="text/javascript" src="https://bh.contextweb.com/cp?p=7522&token=DBTPDITGWPCG&url=[PAGE_URL]&rr=[REFERRER_URL]&frmtext=[FORM_TEXT]&clktext=[CLICK_TEXT]¶m1=[PARAM_1]¶m2=[PARAM_2]¶m3=[PARAM_3]¶m4=[PARAM_4]¶m5=[PARAM_5]" async></script>
117 <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript> 118
118<script>function perfmatters_check_cart_fragments(){if(null!==document.getElementById("perfmatters-cart-fragments"))return!1;if(document.cookie.match("(^|;) ?woocommerce_cart_hash=([^;]*)(;|$)")){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="perfmatters-cart-fragments",e.src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/cart-fragments.min.js",e.async=!0,document.head.appendChild(e)}}perfmatters_check_cart_fragments(),document.addEventListener("click",function(){setTimeout(perfmatters_check_cart_fragments,1e3)});</script>
118<link rel="icon" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/fav_icon-100x100.png" sizes="32x32" /> 119<link rel="icon" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/fav_icon-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /> 120<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/fav_icon-300x300.png" /> 121<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/fav_icon-300x300.png" /> 122 123 <!--TMAnatomy google analytics 4 --> 124 <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
vendor: 84 bytes, lines 124-125
124 125 <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
125G-GR8P7QDP1H
vendor: 24 bytes, lines 125-126
125"></script> 126
126<script> 127 window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 128 function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 129 gtag('js', new Date()); 130 131 gtag('set', 'user_properties', { 132 visitor_type: 'guest', 133 subscription_term: 'none', 134 institution: 'none', 135 }); 136 gtag('config', 'G-GR8P7QDP1H'); 137 </script>
137 138 139
139<script async nomodule src="https://aim-tag.hcn.health/js/client.js?dl=aimDataLayer&target=ie11"></script>
139 140
140<script async type="module" src="https://aim-tag.hcn.health/js/client.js?dl=aimDataLayer"></script>
140 141
141<script> 142 window.aimDataLayer = window.aimDataLayer || []; 143 function aimTag() { aimDataLayer.push(arguments); } 144 145 aimTag('adb53521-3ea6-46a4-b0fc-293a509e9a58', 'pageview'); 146 // If your contract includes signal, then callback will include personal information on the visitor 147 aimTag('adb53521-3ea6-46a4-b0fc-293a509e9a58', 'signal', function(err, success) { 148 if (err) { 149 // This will occur if we disable your API Key 150 console.log(err); 151 } else { 152 console.log(success); 153 if (success.identity_type === "AUT") { 154 // Handle signal callback here 155 } 156 } 157 }); 158 </script>
158 159 160<!-- Segment Pixel - Healthy Ads - Health Publisher Header Cookie Sync - DO NOT MODIFY -->
161<script src="https://secure.adnxs.com/seg?add=20687368&t=1" type="text/javascript"></script>
161 162<!-- End of Segment Pixel --> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-table-css' href='https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-table.css?ver=3.5.6' media='all' /> 163 164</head> 165 <body class="home wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-16774 wp-theme-teachme2024 theme-teachme2024"> 166 <header class="pb-xl-5 d-print-none"> 167 <nav class="top-nav"> 168 <div class="container"> 169 <div class="row gx-2 align-items-center header-wrapper-padding"> 170 <div class="col-auto logo-wrapper me-lg-1"> 171 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com" class="logo-flag"><picture> 172<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/logo150x150.png.webp"/> 173<img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/logo150x150.png"/> 174</picture> 175</a> 176 </div> 177 <div class="col-auto header-title-wrapper mx-md-3 ms-1 me-0"> 178 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com" class="logo-text"> 179 TeachMe <br> 180 <strong>Physiology</strong> 181 </a> 182 <p class="text-white header-subtitle"> 183 Part of the <a target="_blank" href="https://teachmeseries.com/">TeachMe<strong>Series</strong></a> 184 </p> 185 </div> 186 <div id="desktop-search-container" class="col d-none d-xl-block"> 187 <form id="albus_search" action="https://teachmephysiology.com" class="search-form search-form-control position-md-relative"> 188 <div class="icon-front"> 189 <input name="s" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=""> 190 <i class="fa-solid fa-search"></i> 191 </div> 192 </form> 193 </div> 194 <div class="col-auto d-none show-on-search px-5"> 195 <a href="#" class="btn btn-transparent me-2 close-search-focus mt-0"><i 196 class="fa-solid fa-times me-1"></i> 197 Close</a> 198 </div> 199 <div class="col-auto text-right nav-buttons d-none d-xl-block hide-on-search"> 200 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/question-bank/" class="btn btn-transparent me-1 skeleton-text">Question Bank</a> 201 202 <a href="#" class="btn btn-transparent me-2 skeleton-text" data-bs-toggle="modal" 203 data-bs-target="#loginModal">Log In</a> 204 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/sign-up/" class="btn btn-primary px-3 skeleton-text">Pricing</a> 205 </div> 206 <div class="col-auto ms-auto mobile-icons d-xl-none"> 207 <a href="#" class="search-reveal me-sm-3 me-2"> 208 <i class="fa-solid fa-search open-search"></i> 209 <i class="fa-solid fa-times close-search"></i> 210 </a> 211 <a href="#" class="menu-reveal me-sm-3 me-2"> 212 <i class="fa-solid fa-bars"></i> 213 </a> 214 </div> 215 </div> 216 </div> 217 <div class="mobile-menu"> 218 <div class="menu"> 219 <div class="bg-black"> 220 <div class="container"> 221 <div class="row"> 222 <div class="col-12 text-end py-3"> 223 <a href="#" class="menu-close fw-bold"> 224 Close <i class="fa-solid fa-times ms-2"></i> 225 </a> 226 </div> 227 </div> 228 </div> 229 </div> 230 231 <div class="menu-area position-relative "> 232 <ul class="underline-lis pt-4"> 233 <li class="subjects-mobile-container has-sub-menu"> 234 <a href="#"> 235 Subjects <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right float-end"></i> 236 </a> 237 <ul class="sub-menu pt-4"> 238 <li class="pb-3"> 239 <a href="#" class="menu-back"> 240 <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-left float-start me-2"></i>Back to main menu </a> 241 </li> 242 <li> 243 Subjects <ul id="mobile-sub
243jects-menu" class="underline-lis px-0"> 244 </ul> 245 </li> 246 </ul> 247 </li> 248 <li> 249 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/question-bank/"> 250 Question Bank <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right float-end"></i> 251 </a> 252 </li> 253 <li> 254 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/flashcards/"> 255 Flashcards <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-right float-end"></i> 256 </a> 257 </li> 258 </ul> 259 </div> 260 261 262 <div class="bg-black pt-3"> 263 <div class="container"> 264 <div class="row"> 265 <div class="col-12 mobile-nav-buttons"> 266 <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary w-100 mb-2 skeleton-text">Pricing</a> 267 <a href="#" class="btn btn-outline-light w-100 mb-4 skeleton-text" data-bs-toggle="modal" 268 data-bs-target="#loginModal">Log In</a> 269 </div> 270 </div> 271 </div> 272 </div> 273 </div> 274 </div> 275 <div class="subjects-menu bg-white d-none d-xl-block"><div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-auto py-3"><ul class="subjects-menu-ul"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/" data-id="13279">Biochemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/" data-id="17796">Histology</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/" data-id="13303">Cardiovascular</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/" data-id="13302">Respiratory</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/" data-id="13301">Gastrointestinal</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/" data-id="13300">Urinary</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/" data-id="13299">Reproductive</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/" data-id="13298">Neurology</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/" data-id="13297">Endocrine</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/" data-id="13296">Immunology & Haematology</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="mega-menu py-4"><div class="container py-3"><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13279"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/">Growth & Death</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/apoptosis/">Apoptosis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/cell-cycle/">Cell Cycle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/dna-replication/">DNA Replication</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/meiosis/">Meiosis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/mitosis/">Mitosis</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/">Cell Signalling and Molecular Physiology</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/active-transport/">Active Transport</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/cellular-receptors/">Cellular Receptors</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/diffusion/">Diffusion</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/endocytosis-exocytosis/">Endocytosis and Exocytosis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/enzyme-inhibition/">Enzyme Inhibition</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/enzyme-kinetics/">Enzyme Kinetics</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/g-protein/">G-proteins</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/molecules-and-signalling/osmosis/">Osmosis</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/protein-synthesis/">Protein Synthesis</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/protein-synthesis/protein-stru
275cture/">Protein Structure</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/protein-synthesis/dna-transcription/">Transcription of DNA</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/protein-synthesis/dna-translation/">Translation of DNA</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/">ATP Production</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/anaerobic-respiration/">Anaerobic Respiration</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/electron-transport-chain/">Electron Transport Chain</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/gluconeogenesis/">Gluconeogenesis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/glycolysis/">Glycolysis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/atp-production/tca-cycle-2/">TCA Cycle</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/electrolytes/">Electrolytes</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/electrolytes/calcium-regulation/">Calcium Regulation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/electrolytes/external-potassium-balance/">External Balance of Potassium</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/electrolytes/internal-balance-potassium/">Internal Balance of Potassium</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/electrolytes/sodium-regulation/">Sodium Regulation</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="17796"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/">Cell Structures</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/cell-membrane/">Cell Membrane</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/endoplasmic-reticulum/">Endoplasmic Reticulum</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/golgi-apparatus/">Golgi Apparatus</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/lysosomes/">Lysosomes</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/mitochondria/">Mitochondria</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/cell-structures/nucleus/">Nucleus</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/">Tissue Structure</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/blood-vessels/">Blood Vessels</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/bones/">Bones</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/cartilage/">Cartilage</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/cellular-adaptations/">Cellular Adaptations</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/epithelial-cells/">Epithelial Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/muscle-histology/">Muscle Histology</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/nerves/">Nerves</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/skin/">Skin</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/histology/tissue-structure/structure-of-glands/">Structure of Glands</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13303"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-output/">Cardiac Output</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-output/control-of-stroke-volume/">Control of Stroke Volume</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-output/heart-rate-control/">Control of Heart Rate</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/">Cardiac Cycle</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/cardiac-pacemaker-cells/">Cardiac Pacemaker Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/physiology/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle/">Cardiac Cycle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/heart/conducting-system/">Conduction System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/cardiac-muscle-contraction/">Contraction of Cardiac Muscle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/the-ecg/">The ECG</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/ventricular-action-potential/">Ventricular Action Potentials</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/">Circulation</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/blood-flow-in-vessels/">Blood Flow in Vessels</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/control-blood-pressure/">Control of Blood Pressure</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/capillary-exchange/">Capillary Exchange</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/flow-in-peripheral-circulation/">Flow In Peripheral Circulation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/circulation/venous-return/">Venous Return</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/">Special Circulations</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/coronary-circulation/">Cardiac Muscle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/cerebral-circulation/">Cerebral</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/cutaneous-circulation/">Cutaneous</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/hepatic-circulation/">Hepatic Circulation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/pulmonary-circulation/">Pulmonary</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/special-circulations/skeletal-muscle-circulation/">
275Skeletal Muscle</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13302"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/ventilation/">Pulmonary Ventilation</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/ventilation/airway-resistance/">Airway Resistance</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/ventilation/lung-volumes/">Lung Volumes</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/ventilation/mechanics-of-breathing/">Mechanics of Breathing</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/gas-exchange/">Gas Exchange</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/gas-exchange/">Gas Exchange</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/gas-exchange/oxygen-transport/">Oxygen Transport in The Blood</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/gas-exchange/transport-carbon-dioxide-blood/">Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/gas-exchange/ventilation-perfusion/">Ventilation-Perfusion Matching</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/">Regulation of Respiration</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/chemoreceptors/">Chemoreceptors</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/cough-reflex/">Cough Reflex</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/neural-control-ventilation/">Neural Control of Ventilation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/respiratory-acid-base/">Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/respiratory-system/regulation/responses-respiratory-system-stress/">Responses of The Respiratory System to Stress</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13301"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/mouth/">Mouth</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/mouth/regulation-of-saliva/">Regulation of Saliva</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/mouth/saliva-secretion/">Secretion of Saliva</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/mouth/swallowing/">Swallowing</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/stomach/">Stomach</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/stomach/acid-production/">Gastric Acid Production</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/stomach/gastrointestinal-system-stomach-appetite/">Appetite</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/stomach/mucus-production/">Gastric Mucus Production</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/small-intestine/">Small Intestine</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/small-intestine/digestion-and-absorption/">Digestion and Absorption</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/small-intestine/histology-and-cellular-function/">Histology and Cellular Function of the Small Intestine</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/large-intestine/">Large Intestine</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/large-intestine/absorption-large-intestine/">Absorption in the Large Intestine</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/large-intestine/defecation/">Defecation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/large-intestine/large-intestinal-motility/">Large Intestinal Motility</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/">Liver</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/bilirubin-metabolism/">
275Bilirubin Metabolism</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/carbohydrate-metabolism/">Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Liver</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/lipid-metabolism-in-the-liver/">Lipid Metabolism in the Liver</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/protein-and-ammonia-metabolism-in-the-liver/">Protein and Ammonia Metabolism in the Liver</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/liver/storage-functions-liver/">Storage Functions of the Liver</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/vitamins/">Vitamins</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/vitamins/vitamin-b12/">Vitamin B12</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/vitamins/vitamin-k/">Vitamin K</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/other/">Other</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/other/bile-production/">Bile Production</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/other/function-of-spleen/">Function of The Spleen</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/other/exocrine-pancreas/">Exocrine Pancreas</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/other/somatostatin/">Somatostatin</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13300"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/">Nephron</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/glomerulus/">Glomerulus</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/proximal-convoluted-tubule/">Proximal Convoluted Tubule</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/loop-henle/">Loop of Henle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/distal-convoluted-tubule-collecting-duct/">Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting Duct</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/micturition/">Micturition</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/micturition/storage-phase/">Storage Phase of Micturition</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/micturition/voiding-phase-micturition/">Voiding Phase of Micturition</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/regulation/">Regulation</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/regulation/antidiuretic-hormone/">Antidiuretic Hormone</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/regulation/the-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system/">Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/regulation/urinary-acid-base/">Urinary Regulation of Acid-Base Balance</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/regulation/water-filtration-and-reabsorption/">Water Filtration and Reabsorption</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13299"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/embryology/">Embryology</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/embryology/reproductive-system/">Development of the Reproductive System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/embryology/gametogenesis/">Gametogenesis</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/development-maturation/">Hormones and Regulation</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/anterior-pituitary/hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis/">Gonadotropins and the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/development-maturation/puberty/">Puberty</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/development-maturation/menstrual-cycle/">Menstrual Cycle</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/development-maturation/menopause/">Menopause</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/foetal-physiology/">Foetal Physiology</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/foetal-physiology/placental-development/">Placental Development</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/foetal-physiology/foetal-circulation/">Foetal Circulation</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/">Pregnancy</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/coitus/">Coitus</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/conception/">Conception</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/labour/">Labour</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/lactation/">Lactation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/pregnancy/maternal-adaptations-pregnancy/">Maternal Adaptations in Pregnancy</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13298"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/">Components</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/cells-nervous-system/">Cells of the Nervous System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/central-nervous-system/">Central Nervous System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/cerebrospinal-fluid/">Cerebrospinal Fluid</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/neurotransmitters/">Neurotransmitters</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/components/peripheral-nervous-system/">Peripheral Nervous System</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/">Synapses</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/action-potential/">
275Action Potential</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/excitatory-and-inhibitory-signalling-synapses-neurology-teachmephysiology/">Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Signalling</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/myelin/">Myelin</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/resting-membrane-potential/">Resting Membrane Potential</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/synaptic-plasticity/">Synaptic Plasticity</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/synapses/synaptic-transmission/">Synaptic Transmission</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/">Sensory System</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/neuro/pathways/ascending-tracts-sensory/">Ascending Tracts</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/neuro/pathways/auditory-pathway/">Auditory Pathway</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/consciousness-and-sleep/">Consciousness and Sleep</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/sensory-modalities/">Modalities of Sensation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/pain-pathway/">Pain Pathways</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/sensory-system/sensory-acuity/">Sensory Acuity</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/optic-cnii/">Visual Pathway</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/motor-system/">Motor System</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmeanatomy.info/neuro/pathways/descending-tracts-motor/">Descending Tracts</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/motor-system/lower-motor-neurones/">Lower Motor Neurones</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/motor-system/muscle-stretch-reflex/">Muscle Stretch Reflex</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/motor-system/upper-motor-neurone/">Upper Motor Neurones</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/ocular-physiology/">Ocular Physiology</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/ocular-physiology/aqueous-humour/">Aqueous Humour</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/ocular-physiology/ocular-accommodation/">Ocular Accommodation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/ocular-physiology/retina/">The Retina</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13297"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/thyroid-parathyroid-gland/">Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/thyroid-parathyroid-gland/thyroid-gland/">Thyroid Gland</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/thyroid-parathyroid-gland/parathyroid-gland/">Parathyroid Glands</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/adrenal-glands/">Adrenal Glands</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/adrenal-glands/adrenal-medulla/">Adrenal Medulla</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/adrenal-glands/zona-glomerulosa/">Zona Glomerulosa</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/adrenal-glands/zona-fasciculata/">Zona Fasciculata</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/adrenal-glands/zona-reticularis/">Zona Reticularis</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/pancreas/">The Pancreas</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/pancreas/endocrine-pancreas/">Endocrine Pancreas</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/pancreas/insulin/">Insulin</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/pancreas/glucagon/">Glucagon</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/">Hypothalamus and Pituitary</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/the-hypothalamus/">The Hypothalamus</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/anterior-pituitary/">Anterior Pituitary Gland</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/posterior-pituitary/">Posterior Pituitary Gland</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row d-none" data-parent="13296"><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/cells-immune-system/">Cells of the Immune System</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/cells-immune-system/b-cells/">B Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/cells-immune-system/phagocytes/">Phagocytes</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/cells-immune-system/t-cells/">T Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/cells-immune-system/white-blood-cells/">White Blood Cells – Summary</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/">Innate Immune System</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/barriers-to-infection/">Barriers to Infection</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/cytokines/">Cytokines</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/infection-recognition-molecules/">Infection Recognition Molecules</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/phagocytosis/">Phagocytosis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/innate-immune-system/complement-system/">The Complement System</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/adaptive-immune-system/">Adaptive Immune System</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/adaptive-immune-system/antibodies/">Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/adaptive-immune-system/antigen-processing-presentation/">Antigen Processing and Presentation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/adaptive-immune-system/immune-memory/">Primary and Secondary Immune Responses</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/adaptive-immune-system/t-cell-memory/">T Cell Memory</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/">Immune Responses</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/overview-immune-system/">Overview of the Immune System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/acute-inflammation/">Acute Inflammation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/autoimmunity/">Autoimmunity</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/chronic-inflammation/">Chronic Inflammation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/hypersensitivity-reactions/">Hypersensitivity Reactions</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/immunodeficie
275ncy/">Immunodeficiency</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/immune-responses/types-of-immunity/">Types of Immunity</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/infections/">Infections</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/infections/antibiotics/">Antibiotics</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/infections/pathogens/">Pathogens</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/infections/viral-infection/">Viral Infection</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3 mb-3"><p class="fw-bold mb-2"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/">Haematology</a></p><ul class="list-unstyled border-top pt-2"><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/blood-groups/">Blood Groups</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/coagulation/">Coagulation</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/erythropoiesis/">Erythropoiesis</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/iron-regulation/">Iron Metabolism</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/mononuclear-phagocyte-system/">Mononuclear Phagocyte System</a></li><li><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/platelets/">Platelets</a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="mega-menu-close-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-times"></i></span></div> </nav> 276 <div class="mobile-search bg-washed py-2"> 277 <div class="container"> 278 <div class="row"> 279 <div id="mobile-search-container" class="col-md-9 col-12 mx-auto"> 280 281 </div> 282 </div> 283 </div> 284 </div> 285 </header> 286
286<script> 287 jQuery(document).ready(function($) { 288 const $alertBox = $('.user-login-alert'); 289 if ($alertBox.length) { 290 setTimeout(function() { 291 $alertBox.fadeOut(500, function() { 292 $(this).remove(); 293 }); 294 }, 5000); 295 } 296 }); 297 </script>
297 298 <main class="frame frame-light py-5"> 299 300<section class="container my-5"> 301 <div class="row"> 302 <div class="col-12 col-xl-9 mb-5"> 303 <h1 class="mb-4"><strong>The No.1 Physiology Learning Resource: </strong>Trusted by Students and Professionals Worldwide</h1> 304<ul class="features-list"> 305<li>450+ concise articles focused on <span style="color: #398d25;"><strong>core physiological principles</strong></span></li> 306<li>2100+ exam-style questions with personalised feedback<span style="color: #398d25;"> <strong data-start="310" data-end="340">build real exam confidence</strong></span></li> 307<li>300+ interactive models and visuals <span style="color: #398d25;"><strong data-start="450" data-end="498">designed for understanding, not memorisation</strong></span></li> 308<li>Integrated coverage across systems <span style="color: #398d25;"><strong data-start="539" data-end="585">connect concepts, don’t learn in isolation</strong></span></li> 309<li><strong>Trusted by over 1.2 million students and professionals each year</strong></li> 310</ul> 311<p>Explore our extensive library of articles, MCQs, and interactive tools – and see why millions rely on us to support their journey in physiology.</p> 312 313 <div class="row"> 314 <div class="col-md-auto"> 315 <h5 class="mt-2 fw-bold text-center text-md-start">Transform your learning</h5> 316 <div class="buttons mb-3 mb-md-0"> 317 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/create-an-account/" target="_self" class="btn btn-primary px-4 d-block"> 318 Sign up for TeachMePhysiology Pro </a> 319 <p class="section-cta-note text-center text-dark-primary pt-1 w-100"> 320 7 Day Money Back Guarantee </p> 321 </div> 322 </div> 323 324 <div class="col-auto ms-md-auto"> 325 <h5 class="mt-2 fw-bold">Also available on</h5> 326 <div class="buttons"> 327 <a target="_blank" href="https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/teachme-physiology-human-body/id1564407398" class="me-2 border-0"> 328 <picture class="attachment-medium size-medium" decoding="async"> 329<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-300x104.jpg.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-1024x354.jpg.webp 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-768x265.jpg.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-1536x530.jpg.webp 1536w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-2048x707.jpg.webp 2048w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-600x207.jpg.webp 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/> 330<img width="300" height="104" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-300x104.jpg" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-300x104.jpg 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-1024x354.jpg 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-768x265.jpg 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-1536x530.jpg 1536w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-2048x707.jpg 2048w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Apple-App-Store-Badge-scaled-1-600x207.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100v
330w, 300px"/> 331</picture> 332 </a> 333 <a target="_blank" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.teachmeseries.tmphysiology" class="me-2 border-0"> 334 <picture class="attachment-medium size-medium" decoding="async"> 335<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/play-store-2.png.webp"/> 336<img width="284" height="100" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/play-store-2.png" alt="" decoding="async"/> 337</picture> 338 </a> 339 </div> 340 </div> 341 </div> 342 </div> 343 344 <div class="col-xl-3 d-none d-xl-block"> 345 <picture class="img-fluid" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high"> 346<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-937x1024.png.webp 937w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-275x300.png.webp 275w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-137x150.png.webp 137w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-768x839.png.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-1406x1536.png.webp 1406w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-1875x2048.png.webp 1875w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-600x655.png.webp 600w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage.png.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px"/> 347<img width="937" height="1024" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-937x1024.png" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-937x1024.png 937w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-275x300.png 275w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-137x150.png 137w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-768x839.png 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-1406x1536.png 1406w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-1875x2048.png 1875w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage-600x655.png 600w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Cell-Physiology-Homepage.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px"/> 348</picture> 349 </div> 350 </div> 351</section> 352 353<section class="container my-5"> 354 <div class="row"> 355 <div class="col-12"> 356 <div class="swiper rating-swiper"> 357 <div class="swiper-wrapper pb-5 pb-lg-0"> 358 <div class="swiper-slide"> 359 <div class="simple-card bg-light text-center p-4 h-100 d-flex align-items-center"> 360 <div class="rating-item"> 361 <div class="rating mb-3"> 362 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 363 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 364 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 365 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 366 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 367 </div> 368 <p><strong>Perfect Preclinical Companion</strong>: "Best preclinical app for overview and learning new topics. it has daily suggestions that ensure you have topics to read daily. I love it."</p> 369 </div> 370 </div> 371 </div> 372 <div class="swiper-slide"> 373 <div class="simple-card bg-light text-center p-4 h-100 d-flex align-items-center"> 374 <div class="rating-item"> 375 <div class="rating mb-3"> 376 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 377 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 378 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 379 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 380 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 381 </div> 382 <p><strong>Helps Learning Physiology</strong>: "Really good app, has helped me so much with learning physiology and the questions really help me to consolidate the information I've learnt! Would definitely to medical students, especially those in preclinical years."</p> 383 </div> 384 </div> 385 </div> 386 <div class="swiper-slide"> 387 <div class="simple-card bg-light text-center p-4 h-100 d-flex align-items-center"> 388 <div class="rating-item"> 389 <div class="rating mb-3"> 390 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 391 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 392 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 393 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 394 <i class="fa-solid fa-star text-success"></i> 395 </div> 396 <p><strong>Clear and Comprehensive</strong>: "This app is truly awesome! The way of explaining in the articles is very smooth and simplified with almost everything you need to know about the subject. "</p> 397 </div> 398 </div> 399 </div> 400 </div> 401 <div class="swiper-pagination"></div> 402 </div> 403 </div> 404 </div> 405</section> 406 407<section class="container my-5"> 408 <div class="row"> 409 <div class="col-12"> 410 <div class="row align-items-center"> 411 <div class="col-12 col-md-8 mb-2 mb-md-0"> 412 <h3>Explore Topics</h3> 413 </div> 414 </div> 415 <div class="row mt-5 scrolling-wrapper"> 416 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover">
417 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 418<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 419<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Enzyme-Activity.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 420</picture> 421</span> 422 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Biochemistry</span></h4> 423 <p><small>55 Topics</small></p> 424 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 425 </div> 426 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover"> 427 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 428<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 429<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cardiovascular.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 430</picture> 431</span> 432 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Cardiovascular System</span></h4> 433 <p><small>39 Topics</small></p> 434 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 435 </div> 436 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover"> 437 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 438<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 439<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Gastro.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 440</picture> 441</span> 442 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Gastrointestinal System</span></h4> 443 <p><small>51 Topics</small></p> 444 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/gastrointestinal-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 445 </div> 446 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover">
447 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 448<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-1024x1024.png.webp 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-768x768.png.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo.png.webp 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 449<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo-768x768.png 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Endo.png 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 450</picture> 451</span> 452 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Endocrine System</span></h4> 453 <p><small>43 Topics</small></p> 454 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 455 </div> 456 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover"> 457 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 458<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno.png.webp 350w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 459<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Immuno.png 350w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 460</picture> 461</span> 462 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Immunology & Haematology</span></h4> 463 <p><small>64 Topics</small></p> 464 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 465 </div> 466 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover"> 467 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 468<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 469<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Neuro.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 470</picture> 471</span> 472 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Neurology</span></h4> 473 <p><small>47 Topics</small></p> 474 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 475 </div> 476 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover">
477 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 478<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 479<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Repro.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 480</picture> 481</span> 482 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Reproductive System</span></h4> 483 <p><small>26 Topics</small></p> 484 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/reproductive-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 485 </div> 486 <div class="col-auto col-lg-3 col-md-4 text-center mb-5 position-relative top-hover"> 487 <span class="circle-icon mx-auto mb-3"><picture class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 488<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary-300x300.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary.png.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 489<img width="150" height="150" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary-150x150.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary-150x150.png 150w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary-300x300.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Urinary.png 750w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px"/> 490</picture> 491</span> 492 <h4 class="mb-1"><span class="underlined-link-hover">Urinary System</span></h4> 493 <p><small>24 Topics</small></p> 494 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 495 </div> 496 </div> 497 <div class="row justify-content-center mt-3"> 498 <div class="col-12 text-center"> 499 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/subjects/" class="btn btn-primary px-4"> 500 View all<i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right ms-1"></i> 501 </a> 502 </div> 503 </div> 504 </div> 505 </div> 506</section> 507 508<section class="my-5 container"> 509 <div class="row pt-4"> 510 <div class="col-12"> 511 <h3>Recently Updated</h3> 512 </div> 513 </div> 514 <div class="row pt-4 scrolling-wrapper"> 515 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 516 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 517 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 518 </div> 519 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">Cell Growth and Death</h6> 520 <h4 class="mb-1">Apoptosis</h4> 521 522 <p>Last updated Aug 2026</p> 523 524 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/biochemistry/cell-growth-death/apoptosis/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 525 </div> 526 </div> 527 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 528 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 529 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 530 <picture class="mb-0 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 531<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-300x270.jpg.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-768x690.jpg.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-1024x921.jpg.webp 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1.jpg.webp 1733w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100v
531w, 300px"/> 532<img width="300" height="270" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-300x270.jpg" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-300x270.jpg 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-768x690.jpg 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-1024x921.jpg 1024w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1-600x539.jpg 600w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/loop-of-henle-1.jpg 1733w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/> 533</picture> 534 </div> 535 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">The Nephron</h6> 536 <h4 class="mb-1">Loop of Henle</h4> 537 538 <p>Last updated Aug 2026</p> 539 540 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/urinary-system/nephron/loop-henle/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 541 </div> 542 </div> 543 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 544 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 545 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 546 <img width="300" height="201" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/eye-chambers-300x201.webp" class="mb-0 wp-post-image" alt="Cross-sectional diagram of the eye showing the lens, with the anterior and posterior chambers highlighted in yellow and green." decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/eye-chambers-300x201.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/eye-chambers.webp 720w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /> </div> 547 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">Ocular Physiology</h6> 548 <h4 class="mb-1">Aqueous Humour</h4> 549 550 <p>Last updated Aug 2026</p> 551 552 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/ocular-physiology/aqueous-humour/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 553 </div> 554 </div> 555 </div> 556</section> 557 558<section class="my-5 frame frame-dark py-5"> 559 <div class="container py-5"> 560 <div class="row"> 561 <div class="col-12"> 562 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success mb-1">TeachMePhysiology Pro</h6> 563 <h3>Your complete physiology learning platform</h3> 564 </div> 565 </div> 566 <div class="row mt-4"> 567 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 568 <div class="simple-card p-4 h-100"> 569 <div class="image-icon-box mb-3"> 570 <img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/question-icon.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="" decoding="async" /> </div> 571 <h5 class="fw-bold">Test Your Knowledge</h5> 572 <div><p>Access a bank of over 2100 multiple choice questions.</p> 573</div> 574 </div> 575 </div> 576 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 577 <div class="simple-card p-4 h-100"> 578 <div class="image-icon-box mb-3"> 579 <img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ad-icon-new.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="" decoding="async" /> </div> 580 <h5 class="fw-bold">Advert Free Browsing</h5> 581 <div><p>Enjoy the Pro experience with advert-free access on desktop, tablet and mobile.</p> 582</div> 583 </div> 584 </div> 585 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 586 <div class="simple-card p-4 h-100"> 587 <div class="image-icon-box mb-3"> 588 <img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/progress-icon.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="" decoding="async" /> </div> 589 <h5 class="fw-bold">Progress Tracking</h5> 590 <div><p>Gain insights into your performance with automatic tracking of every question answered.</p> 591</div> 592 </div> 593 </div> 594 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 595 <div class="simple-card p-4 h-100"> 596 <div class="image-icon-box mb-3"> 597 <img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/quiz-icon.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="" decoding="async" /> </div> 598 <h5 class="fw-bold">Custom Quiz Builder</h5> 599 <div><p>Use our innovative system to generate tests that are tailored to your learning needs.</p> 600</div> 601 </div> 602 </div> 603 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 604 <div class="simple-card p-4 h-100"> 605 <div class="image-icon-box mb-3"> 606 <img src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/rank-icon.svg" class="img-fluid" alt="" decoding="async" /> </div> 607 <h5 class="fw-bold">Compare Quiz Scores</h5> 608 <div><p>Track and compare your average scores against other members.</p> 609</div> 610 </div> 611 </div> 612 </div> 613 <div class="row"> 614 <div class="col-12"> 615 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/sign-up/" class="btn btn-light px-4" target="_self"> 616 See Prices </a> 617 </div> 618 </div> 619 </div> 620</section> 621 622<section class="my-5 container"> 623 <div class="row pt-4"> 624 <div class="col-12"> 625 <h3>Most Popular</h3> 626 </div> 627 </div> 628 <div class="row pt-4 scrolling-wrapper"> 629 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 630 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 631 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 632 <picture class="mb-0 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 633<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure-300x225.png.webp 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure-768x576.png.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure.png.webp 960w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100v
633w, 300px"/> 634<img width="300" height="225" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure-300x225.png" alt="Diagram of a platelet cross-section labeled with microtubules, dense tubules, surface-connected tubules, coat, glycogen, mitochondria, alpha granules, and dense granules." decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure-300x225.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure-768x576.png 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Platelet_structure.png 960w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/> 635</picture> 636 </div> 637 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">Haematology</h6> 638 <h4 class="mb-1">Platelets</h4> 639 640 <p> 641 by Tanzeelah Jamadar </p> 642 643 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/immune-system/haematology/platelets/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 644 </div> 645 </div> 646 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 647 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 648 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 649 <picture class="mb-0 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 650<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Organ-Axis-Layout-176x300.png.webp 176w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Organ-Axis-Layout.png.webp 599w" sizes="(max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px"/> 651<img width="176" height="300" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Organ-Axis-Layout-176x300.png" alt="Diagram of the HPA axis showing stress and diurnal regulation influencing the hypothalamus, which releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol, which affects multiple target organs and provides feedback inhibition." decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Organ-Axis-Layout-176x300.png 176w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Organ-Axis-Layout.png 599w" sizes="(max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px"/> 652</picture> 653 </div> 654 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">Anterior Pituitary Gland</h6> 655 <h4 class="mb-1">Cortisol and the HPA Axis</h4> 656 657 <p> 658 by Kishan Pankhania and Elly Voogt </p> 659 660 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/endocrine-system/hypothalamus-pituitary/anterior-pituitary/hpa-axis/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 661 </div> 662 </div> 663 <div class="col-10 col-md-4"> 664 <div class="transparent-card zoom-controller cropped"> 665 <div class="image-zoom mb-3 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> 666 <picture class="mb-0 wp-post-image" decoding="async"> 667<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-137x300.jpg.webp 137w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-768x1681.jpg.webp 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-468x1024.jpg.webp 468w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway.jpg.webp 1163w" sizes="(max-width: 137px) 100vw, 137px"/> 668<img width="137" height="300" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-137x300.jpg" alt="Diagram showing upper motor neuron pathways from the precentral gyrus through the midbrain and medulla, crossing at the pyramidal decussation and continuing in the spinal cord to a lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle." decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-137x300.jpg 137w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-768x1681.jpg 768w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-468x1024.jpg 468w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway-600x1313.jpg 600w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/1426_Corticospinal_Pathway.jpg 1163w" sizes="(max-width: 137px) 100v
668w, 137px"/> 669</picture> 670 </div> 671 <h6 class="text-uppercase text-success">Motor System</h6> 672 <h4 class="mb-1">Upper Motor Neurones</h4> 673 674 <p> 675 by Peter Dudley </p> 676 677 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/nervous-system/motor-system/upper-motor-neurone/" class="cover-link border-0"></a> 678 </div> 679 </div> 680 </div> 681</section> 682 683<section class="my-5 container"> 684 <div class="row"> 685 686 <div class="col-12 mb-4"> 687 <div class="simple-card bg-pink p-3 px-md-5 pt-md-5 mt-5 mt-md-0"> 688 <div class="row flex-row-reverse gx-5 pt-5 pt-md-3"> 689 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 align-self-md-center align-self-lg-end"> 690 <div class="card-special-image mb-3 mb-md-0"> 691 <picture class="attachment-large size-large" decoding="async"> 692<source type="image/webp" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Physiology-Screens.png.webp 622w" sizes="(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px"/> 693<img width="622" height="722" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Physiology-Screens.png" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Physiology-Screens.png 622w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Physiology-Screens-258x300.png 258w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Physiology-Screens-600x696.png 600w" sizes="(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px"/> 694</picture> 695 </div> 696 </div> 697 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-2 mb-md-5 align-self-center"> 698 <h4 class="h3-md mb-4">Learn Physiology on the Go</h4> 699 <div class="large-md-text mb-4 pb-3"> 700 <p>Access TeachMePhysiology anytime, anywhere with our mobile-optimised website and apps, perfect for on-the-go learning. </p> 701<p>Keep your study momentum alive with essential physiology knowledge right at your fingertips, no matter where you are.</p> 702 </div> 703 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/sign-up/" class="btn btn-primary px-4" target="_self"> 704 Learn More </a> 705 </div> 706 </div> 707 </div> 708 </div> 709 710 711 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 712 <div class="simple-card bg-dark px-3 pt-3 pb-4 p-md-5 h-100"> 713 <div class="img mb-4"> 714 <img width="764" height="220" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/stats.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/stats.png 764w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/stats-300x86.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/stats-600x173.png 600w" sizes="(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px" /> </div> 715 <h4 class="h3-md mb-4">Track your performance</h4> 716 <div class="large-md-text mb-4 pb-3"> 717 <p>See your learning strengths and weaknesses at a glance and gain insights to guide your studies.</p> 718 </div> 719 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/sign-up/" class="btn btn-primary px-4" target="_self"> 720 Learn More </a> 721 </div> 722 </div> 723 724 725 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 mb-4"> 726 <div class="simple-card bg-washed px-3 pt-3 pb-4 p-md-5 h-100"> 727 <div class="img mb-4"> 728 <img width="696" height="176" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/questions.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/questions.png 696w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/questions-300x76.png 300w, https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/questions-600x152.png 600w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100v
728w, 696px" /> </div> 729 <h4 class="h3-md mb-4">Tailor your learning</h4> 730 <div class="large-md-text mb-4 pb-3"> 731 <p>Create your own flashcards and optimise your physiology study routine with our new spaced repetition algorithm.</p> 732 </div> 733 <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/sign-up/" class="btn btn-primary px-4" target="_self"> 734 Learn More </a> 735 </div> 736 </div> 737 738 </div> 739</section> 740 </main> 741 742 743 <footer class="d-print-none"> 744 <div class="container"> 745 <div class="row pb-3 pt-4 pt-md-5"> 746 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 pt-3 pt-md-0"> 747 <div class="h2">TeachMe<strong class="text-success">Physiology</strong></div> 748 <div class="h5 pb-4"> 749 <a href="https://www.teachmeseries.com" target="_blank"> 750 Part of the TeachMe Series 751 </a> 752 </div> 753 <p>The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. This information is intended for medical education, and does not create any doctor-patient relationship, and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.<br /> 754By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter this site.</p> 755 </div> 756 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 pt-3 text-md-end"> 757 <ul class="list-unstyled social-icons d-flex mt-4 mt-md-0 justify-content-md-end"> 758 <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/teachmephysiology/" class="facebook" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i></a></li> 759 <li><a href="https://twitter.com/tmphys" class="twitter" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i></a></li> 760 </ul> 761 <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="list-unstyled spaced mb-0 mt-4 pt-md-2"><li id="menu-item-24937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24937"><a href="https://teachmeseries.com/">About Us</a></li> 762<li id="menu-item-23107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23107"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/teachmephysiology-mobile-app/">Mobile App</a></li> 763<li id="menu-item-24309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-24309"><a href="https://uk.trustpilot.com/evaluate/teachmephysiology.com">Leave a Review</a></li> 764<li id="menu-item-23103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23103"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> 765<li id="menu-item-23102" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23102"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/advertise-with-us/">Advertise with Us</a></li> 766<li id="menu-item-13326" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-13326"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> 767<li id="menu-item-23105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23105"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/terms-and-conditions-of-use/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> 768<li id="menu-item-23106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23106"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/website-acceptable-use-policy/">Acceptable Use Policy</a></li> 769</ul> </div> 770 </div> 771 <div class="row pb-3 pt-4 pt-md-5"> 772 <div class="col-12 col-md-6"> 773 © <a href="https://teachmeseries.com" class="underlined-link" target="_blank">TeachMe Series</a> 2026 </div> 774 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-md-end pt-2 pt-md-0"> 775 Registered in England & Wales </div> 776 </div> 777 </div> 778 </footer> 779 780 <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="loginModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 781 <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered"> 782 <div class="modal-content"> 783 <div class="modal-body"> 784 <div class="mb-2 text-end"> 785 <a href="#" data-bs-dismiss="modal"> 786 <i class="fa-solid fa-times"></i> 787 </a> 788 </div> 789 <div class="tab-content"> 790 <div id="login"> 791 <h4 class="modal-title h3 mb-3" id="loginModalLabel">Login</h4> 792 <form id="loginForm" action="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" method="post"> 793 <fieldset> 794 <div class="mb-3"><a class="login-with-google-btn btn" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/google-login?user_type=customer-en&
794completed_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fteachmephysiology.com%2F"><span class="icon"></span>Log in with Google</a></div><div class="mb-3"><a class="login-with-apple-btn btn" href="https://teachmephysiology.com/apple-login?user_type=customer-en&completed_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fteachmephysiology.com%2F"><span class="icon"></span>Sign in with Apple</a></div> <div class="mb-3"> 795 <label for="username" class="form-label">Username or Email</label> 796 <input required type="text" class="form-control" name="username" id="username" placeholder="Enter your username or email here"> 797 </div> 798 <div class="mb-3 position-relative"> 799 <label for="password" class="form-label">Password</label> 800 <div class="position-relative"> 801 <input required type="password" class="form-control password-field" name="password" id="password" placeholder="Enter your password here"> 802 <i class="fas fa-eye toggle-password"></i> 803 </div> 804 <a href="#" data-tm-toggle="#forgot" class="text-muted small">Forgotten Password</a> 805 <a href="#" data-tm-toggle="#signup" class="float-end d-none">Back to Sign Up</a> 806 </div> 807 <div class="mb-3 text-end"> 808 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary px-4">Sign In</button> 809 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="tma_login_user"> 810 </div> 811 </fieldset> 812 </form> 813 <div class="text-end"><a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/create-an-account/" class="text-muted small">No account yet? Register now</a></div> 814 </div> 815 <div class="d-none" id="forgot"> 816 <h4 class="modal-title h3 mb-3">Forgot Password</h4> 817 <form id="forgotForm" action="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" method="post"> 818 <p>Please enter your username or email address below. You will receive a link to create a new password via email and please check that the email has not been delivered into your spam folder.</p> 819 <fieldset> 820 <div class="mb-3"> 821 <label for="username" class="form-label">Username or Email</label> 822 <input required type="username" class="form-control" name="username" id="username" placeholder="Enter your username or email here"> 823 </div> 824 <div class="mb-3 text-end"> 825 <a href="#" data-tm-toggle="#login" class="float-start">Back to Login</a> 826 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary px-4">Reset Password</button> 827 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="tma_forgot_password"> 828 </div> 829 </fieldset> 830 </form> 831 </div> 832 </div> 833 </div> 834 </div> 835 </div> 836</div>
837<script> 838 jQuery('#loginModal').on('show.bs.modal', function() { 839 if(jQuery('#signup').hasClass('d-none')) { 840 jQuery('#login').removeClass('d-none'); 841 jQuery('#forgot').addClass('d-none'); 842 } 843 }); 844 845 jQuery('#loginForm').on('submit', function(e) { 846 e.preventDefault(); 847 const formData = jQuery(this).serialize(); 848 849 jQuery('#loginForm .alert').remove(); 850 jQuery('#loginForm fieldset').prop('disabled', true); 851 jQuery('#loginForm button[type="submit"]').append('<div class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm ms-2" role="status"></div>'); 852 853 jQuery.post(ajaxurl, formData, function(response) { 854 if (response.success) { 855 location.reload(); 856 } else { 857 jQuery('#loginForm .spinner-border-sm').remove(); 858 jQuery('#loginForm fieldset').prop('disabled', false); 859 jQuery('#loginForm').prepend('<div class="alert alert-danger">' + response.message + '</div>'); 860 } 861 }, 'json').fail(function() { 862 jQuery('#loginForm .spinner-border-sm').remove(); 863 jQuery('#loginForm fieldset').prop('disabled', false); 864 jQuery('#loginForm').prepend('<div class="alert alert-danger">' + "The connection timed out. Please check your internet connection and try again." + '</div>'); 865 }); 866 }); 867 868 jQuery('#forgotForm').on('submit', function(e) { 869 e.preventDefault(); 870 const formData = jQuery(this).serialize(); 871 872 jQuery('#forgotForm .alert').remove(); 873 jQuery('#forgotForm fieldset').prop('disabled', true); 874 jQuery('#forgotForm button[type="submit"]').append('<div class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm ms-2" role="status"></div>'); 875 876 jQuery.post(ajaxurl, formData, function(response) { 877 jQuery('#forgotForm .spinner-border-sm').remove(); 878 jQuery('#forgotForm fieldset').prop('disabled', false); 879 880 if (response.success) { 881 jQuery('#forgotForm').prepend('<div class="alert alert-success">' + response.message + '</div>'); 882 jQuery('#forgotForm p, #forgotForm fieldset').remove(); 883 } else { 884 jQuery('#forgotForm').prepend('<div class="alert alert-danger">' + response.message + '</div>'); 885 } 886 }, 'json'); 887 }); 888 889 jQuery('[data-tm-toggle]').on('click', function(e) { 890 e.preventDefault(); 891 var target = jQuery(this).attr('data-tm-toggle'); 892 jQuery(target).removeClass('d-none'); 893 jQuery(target).siblings().addClass('d-none'); 894 }); 895</script>
895 896 897<!-- Generic popup modal --> 898<div class="modal fade" id="popupModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="popupModalLabel" aria-hidden="true" data-bs-backdrop="static" data-bs-keyboard="false"> 899 <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered"> 900 <div class="modal-content"> 901 <div class="modal-body text-center"> 902 <div class="mb-2 position-absolute end-0 me-4"> 903 <a href="#" data-bs-dismiss="modal"> 904 <i class="fa-solid fa-times"></i> 905 </a> 906 </div> 907 <div class="tab-content lh-base"> 908 </div> 909 </div> 910 </div> 911 </div> 912</div> 913
913<script type="speculationrules"> 914{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 915</script>
915 916<!--googleoff: all--><div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span><div class="container text-left py-4"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-md-10"><div style="font-size: 1.5rem;font-weight: bold">This website uses cookies.</div><p>We use cookies to improve your experience on our site and to show you relevant advertising. To find out more, read our <a href="https://teachmephysiology.com/privacy-policy/" id="CONSTANT_OPEN_URL" target="_blank" class="cli-plugin-main-link" style="display:inline-block">privacy policy</a>.</p></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 align-self-center"><a role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli_action="accept" id="cookie_action_close_header" class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button wt-cli-accept-btn" style="display:inline-block">Accept</a></div></div></div></span></div><div id="cookie-law-info-again" style="display:none" data-nosnippet="true"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Manage consent</span></div><div class="cli-modal" data-nosnippet="true" id="cliSettingsPopup" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cliSettingsPopup" aria-hidden="true"> 917 <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> 918 <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> 919 <button type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> 920 <svg class="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> 921 <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> 922 </button> 923 <div class="cli-modal-body"> 924 <div class="cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> 925 <div class="cli-row"> 926 <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> 927 <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> 928 <h4>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> 929 <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.</div> 930 </div> 931 <a class="cli-privacy-readmore" aria-label="Show more" tabindex="0" role="button" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> 932 </div> 933 <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container"> 934 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 935 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 936 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 937 Necessary </a> 938 <div class="wt-cli-necessary-checkbox"> 939 <input type="checkbox" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary" data-id="checkbox-necessary" checked="checked" /> 940 <label class="form-check-label" for="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary">Necessary</label> 941 </div> 942 <span class="cli-necessary-caption">Always Enabled</span> 943 </div> 944 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 945 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="necessary"> 946 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 947 Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 948<table class="cookielawinfo-row-cat-table cookielawinfo-winter"><thead><tr><th class="cookielawinfo-column-1">Cookie</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-3">Duration</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-4">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-others</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">viewed_cookie_policy</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> 949 </div> 950 </div> 951 </div> 952 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 953 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 954 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="functional" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 955 Functional </a> 956 <div class="cli-switch"> 957 <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-functional" /> 958 <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Functional</span></label> 959 </div> 960 </div> 961 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 962 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="functional"> 963 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 964 Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 965 </div> 966 </div> 967 </div> 968 </div> 969 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 970 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 971 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="performance" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 972 Performance </a> 973 <div class="cli-switch"> 974 <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-performance" /> 975 <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Performance</span></label> 976 </div> 977 </div> 978 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 979 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="performance"> 980 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 981 Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 982 </div> 983 </div> 984 </div> 985 </div> 986 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 987 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 988 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="analytics" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 989 Analytics </a> 990 <div class="cli-switch"> 991 <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-analytics" /> 992 <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Analytics</span></label> 993 </div> 994 </div> 995 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 996 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="analytics"> 997 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 998 Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These
998cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 999 </div> 1000 </div> 1001 </div> 1002 </div> 1003 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 1004 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 1005 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="advertisement" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 1006 Advertisement </a> 1007 <div class="cli-switch"> 1008 <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-advertisement" /> 1009 <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Advertisement</span></label> 1010 </div> 1011 </div> 1012 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 1013 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="advertisement"> 1014 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 1015 Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 1016 </div> 1017 </div> 1018 </div> 1019 </div> 1020 <div class="cli-tab-section"> 1021 <div class="cli-tab-header"> 1022 <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="others" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> 1023 Others </a> 1024 <div class="cli-switch"> 1025 <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-others" /> 1026 <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Others</span></label> 1027 </div> 1028 </div> 1029 <div class="cli-tab-content"> 1030 <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="others"> 1031 <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> 1032 Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 1033 </div> 1034 </div> 1035 </div> 1036 </div> 1037 </div> 1038 </div> 1039</div> 1040 </div> 1041 <div class="cli-modal-footer"> 1042 <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> 1043 <div class="cli-row"> 1044 <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> 1045 <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> 1046 1047 <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">SAVE & ACCEPT</a> 1048 </div> 1049 1050 </div> 1051 </div> 1052 </div> 1053 </div> 1054 </div> 1055 </div> 1056</div> 1057<div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> 1058<div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div> 1059<!--googleon: all-->
1059<script id="wc-aelia-foundation-classes-frontend-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/wc-aelia-foundation-classes/src/js/frontend/frontend.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1059
1059
1060<script id="audio-analytics-script-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-tools/includes/../assets/js/audio-analytics.js?ver=1.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1060
1060
1061<script id="article-audio-player-script-js-extra"> 1062var audioAnalyticsData = {"postId":"16774","ajaxUrl":"https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"9112f1d3d0"}; 1063var audioPlayerI18n = {"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio"}; 1064//# sourceURL=article-audio-player-script-js-extra 1065</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1065
1065
1066<script id="article-audio-player-script-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/ai-tools/includes/../assets/js/frontend.js?ver=1.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1066
1066
1067<script id="wc-aelia-currency-switcher-js-extra"> 1068var wc_aelia_currency_switcher_params = {"current_exchange_rate_from_base":"1.322972","selected_currency":"USD"}; 1069//# sourceURL=wc-aelia-currency-switcher-js-extra 1070</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1070
1070
1071<script id="wc-aelia-currency-switcher-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-aelia-currencyswitcher/src/js/frontend/common/build/index.js?ver=5.2.8.250501"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1071
1071
1072<script id="metorik-js-js-extra"> 1073var metorik_params = {"source_tracking":{"enabled":true,"cookie_lifetime":6,"session_length":30,"sbjs_domain":false,"cookie_name":"mtk_src_trk"},"cart_tracking":{"enabled":true,"cart_items_count":0,"item_was_added_to_cart":false,"wc_ajax_capture_customer_data_url":"/?wc-ajax=metorik_capture_customer_data","wc_ajax_email_opt_out_url":"/?wc-ajax=metorik_email_opt_out","wc_ajax_email_opt_in_url":"/?wc-ajax=metorik_email_opt_in","wc_ajax_seen_add_to_cart_form_url":"/?wc-ajax=metorik_seen_add_to_cart_form","add_cart_popup_should_scroll_to":true,"add_cart_popup_placement":"bottom","add_to_cart_should_mark_as_seen":true,"add_to_cart_form_selectors":[".ajax_add_to_cart",".single_add_to_cart_button"]},"nonce":"67cf8e648c"}; 1074//# sourceURL=metorik-js-js-extra 1075</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1075
1075
1076<script id="metorik-js-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/metorik-helper/assets/js/metorik.min.js?ver=2.0.10"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1076
1076
1077<script id="bootstrap-js" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=5.3.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1077
1077
1078<script id="easepick-js" defer src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/js/easepick.js?ver=1.2.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1078
1078
1079<script id="swiper-js" defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Swiper/8.4.5/swiper-bundle.min.js?ver=8.4.5"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1079
1079
1080<script id="turnstile-js" src="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1080
1080
1081<script id="theme_actions-js-extra"> 1082var ajaxurl = "https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; 1083var page_id = 16774; 1084var tmThemeLanguage = ""; 1085var easepick_css = "https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/css/easepick.css"; 1086var tmLanguageSuggestion = []; 1087var tmThemeI18n = {"ratingRequired":"Please choose a rating before submitting.","ratingSuccess":"Thank you for rating this article. Your feedback is important to us.","ratingError":"There was an error rating the article. Please try again and contact us if this problem persists.","readMore":"+ Read more","readLess":"- Read less","loading":"Loading...","showMore":"Show more","backToSubjects":"Back to subjects","backTo":"Back to","captchaUnavailable":"Captcha not available","networkError":"Network error. Please try again."}; 1088//# sourceURL=theme_actions-js-extra 1089</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1089
1089
1090<script id="theme_actions-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/themes/teachme2024/js/script.js?ver=1790669647"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1090
1090
1091<script id="cart-widget-js-extra"> 1092var actions = {"current_language":"en","force_reset":"0"}; 1093//# sourceURL=cart-widget-js-extra 1094</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1094
1094
1095<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="cart-widget-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-multilingual/res/js/cart_widget.min.js?ver=5.5.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1095
1095
1096<script id="sourcebuster-js-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/sourcebuster/sourcebuster.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1096
1096
1097<script id="wc-order-attribution-js-extra"> 1098var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}}; 1099//# sourceURL=wc-order-attribution-js-extra 1100</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1100
1100
1101<script id="wc-order-attribution-js" src="https://teachmephysiology.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/order-attribution.min.js?ver=11.1.0"></script>
1101 1102
1102<script type="text/javascript"> 1103 (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ 1104 c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; 1105 t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; 1106 y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); 1107 })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "rw4l1x0h11"); 1108</script>
1108
1108<script type="module" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v31edd6df95cf4e85bb4c19e7a9bdbcba1788362987495" integrity="sha512-iIg7k2xntmwu6/uSb5tpc/hySgZc4eoL31yB29W6tJFo2akwjPWcEqnCEdJvGexCL0KEQwVYv5BlowfhVz26hg==" data-cf-beacon='{"version":"2024.11.0","token":"9b4d7e43c8f24fb79550486ebfca321b","r":1,"spa":2}' crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1108
1108
1109<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a43b356e581b3eb5',t:'MTc5MDg1NDk5Ng=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script>
1109</body> 1110 1111</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.