https://www.us-debt-clock.com/assets/PresidentialDebt-C0RK0R30.js

1import{j as e,H as be,A as pe,B as fe,o as n,c as p,O as N,D as ge,q as v,p as ye,T as je,F as we,i as Ne,a as ve}from"./index-CMQG5J0E.js";import{r as f}from"./react-pRwqyV2Z.js";import{L as c}from"./router-D_N-N4OQ.js";import{C as m}from"./card-DSdkshdi.js";import{p as r,g as De,a as F,b as $e,c as Se,d as ke}from"./presidentialDebtData-B6H1aFKa.js";import{c as Ae,a as M}from"./useInflationData-BhoOesgD.js";import{E as Te}from"./ExploreMoreLinks-D-8b452y.js";import{D as Ie,a as Ce}from"./DataLastUpdated-CmIq3PI0.js";import{R as B,B as O,e as H,X as q,Y as W,T as z,f as Y,C as _}from"./charts-m7s5G5wy.js";import{P as Pe}from"./percent-5W_TMAqR.js";import{C as Re}from"./calendar-BS6eneV8.js";import{C as Ee}from"./circle-help-hG01VfAd.js";import{C as Ue}from"./chevron-down-CqE7rPLK.js";import"./useQuery-BA1m1MCX.js";import"./refresh-cw-BM0iBNkk.js";const D=768;function Fe(){const[s,o]=f.useState(void 0);return f.useEffect(()=>{const h=window.matchMedia(`(max-width: ${D-1}px)`),b=()=>{o(window.innerWidth<D)};return h.addEventListener("change",b),o(window.innerWidth<D),()=>h.removeEventListener("change",b)},[]),!!s}const ce=2026;function Me(s){if(M[s])return s;const o=Object.keys(M).map(Number).sort((h,b)=>h-b);return s<=o[0]?o[0]:o[o.length-1]}function $(s){return s==="present"?ce:Number.parseInt(s.slice(0,4),10)}function S(s,o){return Ae(s,Me(o),ce)}function u(s,o){return o?S(s.debtAdded,$(s.termEnd)):s.debtAdded}var J,K,G,Q,V,X,Z,ee,te,se,ae,re,ne,de,oe,ie,le;const L=[{question:"Which president added the most debt to the U.S.?",answer:`It depends on whether you count a single term or a person's combined terms. The largest single term is Joe Biden at ${n(((J=r.find(s=>s.slug==="joe-biden"))==null?void 0:J.debtAdded)||0)} (2021–2025). Donald Trump has added the most as a person to date: about ${n((((K=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump"))==null?void 0:K.debtAdded)||0)+(((G=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump-2"))==null?void 0:G.debtAdded)||0))} across two terms. Rankings on this page are per term — the same way Obama's two terms are listed separately. Trump's second term is still incomplete.`},{question:"Has Trump added more debt than Biden?",answer:`Across both terms, yes: Trump has added about ${n((((Q=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump"))==null?void 0:Q.debtAdded)||0)+(((V=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump-2"))==null?void 0:V.debtAdded)||0))} so far ($7.80T in 2017–2021 plus $3.10T in his second term to date). Biden added ${n(((X=r.find(s=>s.slug==="joe-biden"))==null?void 0:X.debtAdded)||0)} in one completed four-year term. Combining an unfinished second term with a finished term is also an apples-to-oranges comparison, which is why we keep terms separate in the main ranking.`},{question:"When did the U.S. national debt reach $1 trillion?",answer:"The U.S. national debt first reached $1 trillion in 1982 during Ronald Reagan's presidency. It took the country 206 years (from 1776 to 1982) to accumulate the first trillion dollars of debt. Since then, debt accumulation has accelerated dramatically—the debt now grows by $1 trillion every 100 days."},{question:"How much was the U.S. debt in 2000?",answer:`At the end of fiscal year 2000, the U.S. national debt was approximately $5.67 trillion. This was during Bill Clinton's presidency, which featured the last budget surpluses in U.S. history (1998-2001). The debt has increased by over ${Math.round((((Z=r[0])==null?void 0:Z.debtEnd)||38e12)/567e10)}x since then, now exceeding ${n(((ee=r[0])==null?void 0:ee.debtEnd)||38e12)}.`},{question:"How much debt did Obama add?",answer:`Barack Obama added approximately ${n((((te=r.find(s=>s.slug==="barack-obama"))==null?void 0:te.debtAdded)||0)+(((se=r.find(s=>s.slug==="barack-obama-2"))==null?void 0:se.debtAdded)||0))} to the national debt during his two terms (2009-2017). His first term (2009-2013) saw a ${(ae=r.find(s=>

1s.slug==="barack-obama"))==null?void 0:ae.percentIncrease.toFixed(1)}% increase due to Great Recession recovery, while his second term (2013-2017) added ${(re=r.find(s=>s.slug==="barack-obama-2"))==null?void 0:re.percentIncrease.toFixed(1)}% as the economy stabilized.`},{question:"How much debt did Trump add in his first term?",answer:`During his first term (2017-2021), Donald Trump added approximately ${n(((ne=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump"))==null?void 0:ne.debtAdded)||0)} to the national debt, a ${(de=r.find(s=>s.slug==="donald-trump"))==null?void 0:de.percentIncrease.toFixed(1)}% increase. Major contributors included the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017) and COVID-19 pandemic response spending (CARES Act).`},{question:"How much debt did Biden add?",answer:`Joe Biden added approximately ${n(((oe=r.find(s=>s.slug==="joe-biden"))==null?void 0:oe.debtAdded)||0)} during his term (2021-2025), a ${(ie=r.find(s=>s.slug==="joe-biden"))==null?void 0:ie.percentIncrease.toFixed(1)}% increase. This included COVID-19 recovery spending (American Rescue Plan), the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act.`},{question:"When was the last time the U.S. had no national debt?",answer:"The United States was completely debt-free for a brief period in January 1835, when President Andrew Jackson paid off the entire national debt of $33 million. This is the only time in U.S. history the country had zero federal debt. It lasted only about a year before an economic recession caused the government to begin borrowing again."},{question:"How fast is the national debt growing compared to the past?",answer:`The national debt is growing faster than ever. It took 206 years (1776-1982) to reach $1 trillion, but now adds $1 trillion every 100 days. The debt doubled from $10 trillion to $20 trillion in just 9 years (2008-2017), and now exceeds ${n(((le=r[0])==null?void 0:le.debtEnd)||38e12)}. Interest payments alone now exceed $1 trillion annually.`},{question:"Which party has added more to the national debt?",answer:`Both parties have significantly increased the national debt. Since 1981, Republican presidents have added approximately ${n(r.filter(s=>s.party==="Republican").reduce((s,o)=>s+o.debtAdded,0))} while Democratic presidents have added approximately ${n(r.filter(s=>s.party==="Democrat").reduce((s,o)=>s+o.debtAdded,0))}. Those totals measure when the debt rose — last Treasury print of the term minus the first — not a full why. Simple party leaderboards hide timing: wars, tax cuts, recessions, emergencies, interest, and Congress can land on the next occupant. Bush-era wars and the 2008 crash preceded Obama-era recovery spending; COVID-era CARES spending under Trump preceded Biden-era recovery bills. Read the bars as administration-period comparisons, not a score of who “screwed it up.”`},{question:"What was the debt-to-GDP ratio historically?",answer:'The U.S. <a href="/debt-to-gdp">debt-to-GDP ratio</a> peaked at 119% after World War II (1946), then declined to 31% by 1981. It rose to 64% by 2008, spiked to 100% during the Great Recession, and now exceeds 120%—surpassing the WWII peak. Unlike the post-war period, current projections show the ratio continuing to climb rather than decline. See our <a href="/war-costs">cost of US wars</a> breakdown for how military spending drove these spikes.'}];function tt(){var I,C,P,R,E,U;const[s,o]=f.useState(0),[h,b]=f.useState("chronological"),[g,k]=f.useState("nominal"),A=Fe(),i=g==="real",me=r.find(t=>t.slug==="joe-biden"),d=De()[0],x=f.useMemo(()=>[...r].sort((t,a)=>u(a,i)-u(t,i)),[i]),y=[...r].reverse().map(t=>{const a=t.name.split(" ").pop()||t.name,l=a.length>9?`${a.slice(0,8)}.`:a,j=t.termStart.slice(2,4),w=t.term?` (${t.term})`:"";return{name:`${a}${w}`,shortName:`${l}'${j}`,fullName:t.term?`${t.name} (Term ${t.term})`:t.name,debtAdded:u(t,i)/1e12,party:t.party,percentIncrease:t.percentIncrease,term:t.term,years:`${t.termStart.slice(0,4)}-${t.termEnd==="present"?"now":t.termEnd.slice(0,4)}`}}),T=[...y].reverse(),he=[...r].sort((t,a)=>h==="debt-added"?u(a,i)-u(t,i):h==="percent-change"?a.percentIncrease-t.percentIncrease:new Date(a.termStart).getTime()-new Date(t.termStart).getTime());return e.jsxs(e.Fragment,{children:[e.jsxs(be,{children:[e.jsx("title",{children:"U.S. National Debt by President"}),e.jsx("meta",{name:"description",content:"Compare changes in total U.S. national debt during each presidential administration, with sortable data, source dates, c

1alculation notes, and historical context."}),e.jsx("meta",{property:"og:title",content:"U.S. National Debt by President"}),e.jsx("meta",{property:"og:description",content:"Sortable presidential debt data with source dates, methodology, and historical context."}),e.jsx("meta",{property:"og:url",content:"https://www.us-debt-clock.com/presidents"}),e.jsx("meta",{property:"og:type",content:"website"}),e.jsx("meta",{name:"twitter:card",content:"summary_large_image"}),e.jsx("meta",{name:"twitter:title",content:"U.S. National Debt by President"}),e.jsx("meta",{name:"twitter:description",content:"Compare the change in total national debt during each presidential administration."})]}),e.jsx(pe,{title:"U.S. Presidential Debt Comparison (1897-2026)",description:"Historical analysis of U.S. national debt growth under each president from McKinley to Trump",datePublished:"2024-01-01",dateModified:"2026-05-15"}),e.jsx(fe,{items:[{name:"Home",url:"https://www.us-debt-clock.com"},{name:"Presidential Debt",url:"https://www.us-debt-clock.com/presidents"}]}),e.jsx("div",{className:"min-h-screen bg-background px-4 pb-20 pt-6 md:pt-12",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"w-full sm:w-[85%] md:w-full mx-auto max-w-7xl",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"mb-6 md:mb-8",children:[e.jsx("h1",{className:"text-[2rem] leading-tight md:text-5xl font-bold mb-3 text-balance",children:"U.S. National Debt by President"}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"text-base leading-7 md:text-xl text-muted-foreground mb-3 max-w-3xl",children:["Compare the change in total federal debt during each administration from 1897 to today. For the live United States debt clock total, open the"," ",e.jsx(c,{to:"/",className:"text-primary hover:underline",children:"US Debt Clock"}),"."]}),e.jsx(Ie,{date:Ce.presidentialDebt,dataType:"Presidential debt data",showRefreshNote:!0})]}),e.jsxs(m,{className:"p-5 md:p-6 mb-8",children:[e.jsx("h2",{className:"text-xl font-bold mb-3",children:"Methodology and definitions"}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"grid gap-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground md:grid-cols-2",children:[e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsxs("p",{children:[e.jsx("strong",{className:"text-foreground",children:"Debt added"})," equals total public debt on the ending source date minus total public debt on the starting source date. For dates without a Treasury record, the closest available business-day record is used."]}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"mt-2",children:[e.jsx("strong",{className:"text-foreground",children:"Percentage change"})," is debt added divided by the starting debt. It is not the annual budget deficit and does not assign spending exclusively to a president. Rankings are per term. Combined person totals (for example Trump across two terms) are shown separately so an unfinished term is not mixed into a single-term ranking."]})]}),e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"Presidents share fiscal authority with Congress, and totals are affected by inherited budgets, recessions, wars, emergencies, tax policy, and interest costs. Results should be read as administration-period comparisons, not causal scores."}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"mt-2",children:["Think of inherited IOUs: one occupant can start a war, cut taxes, or leave a recession; the next still has to roll the debt, pay interest, and often spend into a downturn they did not start. That is why a large blue bar after 2008 or a large red bar during COVID is not, by itself, a verdict on who caused every dollar. See"," ",e.jsx(c,{to:"/war-costs",className:"text-primary hover:underline",children:"cost of U.S. wars"})," ","for military spikes."]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-3 flex flex-wrap gap-x-4 gap-y-2",children:[e.jsx("a",{href:"https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",className:"text-primary hover:underline",children:"Treasury: Debt to the Penny"}),e.jsx("a",{href:"https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/historical-debt-outstanding/historical-debt-outstanding",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer",className:"text-primary hover:underline",children:"Historical Debt Outstanding"}),e.jsx(c,{to:"/methodology",className:"text-primary hover:underline",children:"Site methodology"})]})]})]})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-8",children:[e.jsxs(m,{className:"p-5",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"text-xs uppercase tracking-wide text-muted-foreground mb-1",children:"Largest single term"}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"text-2xl font-bold",children:[(I=x[0])==null?void 0:I.name," ",e.jsxs("span",{className:"text-debt",children:["+",n(x[0]?u(x[0],i):0)]})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-1",children:me&&((C=x[0])==null?void 0:C.slug)==="joe

1-biden"?"Joe Biden, 2021–2025. Rankings below stay per term, same as Obama 1 vs Obama 2.":"Per completed or current presidential term, not combined across non-consecutive terms."})]}),e.jsxs(m,{className:"p-5",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"text-xs uppercase tracking-wide text-muted-foreground mb-1",children:"Most added by one person (to date)"}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"text-2xl font-bold",children:[d==null?void 0:d.name," ",e.jsxs("span",{className:"text-debt",children:["+",n((d==null?void 0:d.debtAdded)||0)]})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"text-sm text-muted-foreground mt-1",children:"Donald Trump across two terms ($7.80T in 2017–2021 plus $3.10T in his second term so far). Term 2 is incomplete."})]})]}),e.jsxs(m,{id:"debt-by-president-chart",className:"p-4 md:p-6 mb-8 relative overflow-hidden",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"mb-4 flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-start sm:justify-between",children:[e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsxs("h2",{className:"text-xl md:text-2xl font-bold leading-tight",children:["Debt Added by President",e.jsx("span",{className:"sr-only",children:" - U.S. Debt Chart by Year"})]}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"mt-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground",children:["Amount added during each term, in trillions of ",i?"2026 dollars":"nominal dollars","."]})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center gap-2 shrink-0",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex rounded-md border border-border p-0.5","aria-label":"Dollar units",children:[e.jsx("button",{type:"button",onClick:()=>k("nominal"),className:p("rounded px-2.5 py-1 text-xs font-medium transition-colors",g==="nominal"?"bg-primary text-primary-foreground":"text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"),"aria-pressed":g==="nominal",children:"Nominal"}),e.jsx("button",{type:"button",onClick:()=>k("real"),className:p("rounded px-2.5 py-1 text-xs font-medium transition-colors",g==="real"?"bg-primary text-primary-foreground":"text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"),"aria-pressed":g==="real",children:"2026 dollars"})]}),e.jsx(N,{variant:A?"icon":"corner",className:"shrink-0",title:"Debt Added by President",text:`Largest single term: ${(P=x[0])==null?void 0:P.name} +${n((R=x[0])==null?void 0:R.debtAdded)}. Most added by one person to date: ${d==null?void 0:d.name} +${n((d==null?void 0:d.debtAdded)||0)} across ${d==null?void 0:d.terms} terms.`,url:"https://www.us-debt-clock.com/presidents#debt-by-president-chart",hashtags:["PresidentialDebt","NationalDebt","USDebt"]})]})]}),A?e.jsx("div",{className:"h-[620px]",children:e.jsx(B,{width:"100%",height:"100%",children:e.jsxs(O,{data:T,layout:"vertical",margin:{top:8,right:8,left:0,bottom:12},children:[e.jsx(H,{horizontal:!1,strokeDasharray:"3 3",opacity:.16}),e.jsx(q,{type:"number",tickFormatter:t=>`$${t.toFixed(0)}T`,tick:{fill:"hsl(var(--muted-foreground))",fontSize:11},axisLine:{stroke:"hsl(var(--border))"},tickLine:!1}),e.jsx(W,{type:"category",dataKey:"shortName",width:82,tick:{fill:"hsl(var(--muted-foreground))",fontSize:11},axisLine:!1,tickLine:!1}),e.jsx(z,{formatter:(t,a,l)=>[`$${Math.abs(t).toFixed(2)} trillion${t<0?" (reduced)":""}`,`Debt ${t<0?"Reduced":"Added"} (${Math.abs(l.payload.percentIncrease).toFixed(1)}% ${l.payload.percentIncrease<0?"decrease":"increase"})`],labelFormatter:(t,a)=>{if(a&&a.length>0){const l=a[0].payload;return`${l.fullName} (${l.years})`}return t},contentStyle:{backgroundColor:"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.88)",border:"1px solid hsl(var(--border))",borderRadius:"8px",color:"#fff"},labelStyle:{color:"#fff"},itemStyle:{color:"#fff"}}),e.jsx(Y,{dataKey:"debtAdded",radius:[0,5,5,0],barSize:16,children:T.map((t,a)=>e.jsx(_,{fill:F(t.party)},`cell-mobile-${a}`))})]})})}):e.jsx("div",{className:"w-full h-96",children:e.jsx(B,{width:"100%",height:"100%",children:e.jsxs(O,{data:y,margin:{top:16,right:20,left:0,bottom:44},children:[e.jsx(H,{vertical:!1,strokeDasharray:"3 3",opacity:.18}),e.jsx(q,{dataKey:"name",angle:-35,textAnchor:"end",height:62,interval:0,tick:{f

1ill:"hsl(var(--muted-foreground))",fontSize:11},tickLine:!1}),e.jsx(W,{tickFormatter:t=>`$${t.toFixed(0)}T`,tick:{fill:"hsl(var(--muted-foreground))",fontSize:11},tickLine:!1,width:48}),e.jsx(z,{formatter:(t,a,l)=>[`$${Math.abs(t).toFixed(2)} trillion${t<0?" (reduced)":""}`,`Debt ${t<0?"Reduced":"Added"} (${Math.abs(l.payload.percentIncrease).toFixed(1)}% ${l.payload.percentIncrease<0?"decrease":"increase"})`],labelFormatter:(t,a)=>a&&a.length>0?a[0].payload.fullName:t,contentStyle:{backgroundColor:"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)",border:"1px solid hsl(var(--border))",borderRadius:"8px",color:"#fff"},labelStyle:{color:"#fff"},itemStyle:{color:"#fff"}}),e.jsx(Y,{dataKey:"debtAdded",radius:[6,6,0,0],children:y.map((t,a)=>e.jsx(_,{fill:F(t.party)},`cell-${a}`))})]})})}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center justify-center gap-5 mt-4 text-xs text-muted-foreground",children:[e.jsxs("span",{className:"inline-flex items-center gap-1.5",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"h-2.5 w-2.5 rounded-full bg-[#3b82f6]"}),"Democrat"]}),e.jsxs("span",{className:"inline-flex items-center gap-1.5",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"h-2.5 w-2.5 rounded-full bg-[#ef4444]"}),"Republican"]})]}),i&&e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-3 text-xs text-center text-muted-foreground max-w-2xl mx-auto",children:"2026 dollars inflate each term’s nominal debt added from the term-end year using CPI-U. This is an imperfect conversion — debt is a stock, inflation is a flow — and is meant as a second view, not a replacement for Treasury prints."}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-5 p-4 rounded-lg bg-muted/60 text-sm text-muted-foreground max-w-3xl mx-auto",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-semibold text-foreground mb-1",children:"How to read these bars"}),e.jsxs("p",{children:["Each bar is debt on the last Treasury print of the term minus debt on the first. That is who was in the chair ",e.jsx("em",{children:"when"})," the stock rose — not a morality score for who caused every dollar. A president can inherit wars, tax cuts, recessions, and interest from the last occupant (IOUs someone else wrote). Bush (Afghanistan/Iraq, 2008 crash) then Obama (recovery/stimulus); Trump (CARES) then Biden (American Rescue Plan / COVID recovery). 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