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https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ec0939a2-dd88-45b1-bb7c-a2542535f254_hero-bg-img4.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=2048 2048w, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ec0939a2-dd88-45b1-bb7c-a2542535f254_hero-bg-img4.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=3840 3840w" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ec0939a2-dd88-45b1-bb7c-a2542535f254_hero-bg-img4.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=3840"/></div><div class="container"><div class="page-section__header"><h2>Consider Joining Our Family of Over 10,000 Members Worldwide...</h2><div class="text"><p>Become a better grower with exclusive resources, benefits & savings enjoyed by thousands of people like you from around the world.</p></div></div><div class="page-section__body"><div class="sc-28ac1459-0 euvKjU"><div class="benefit-articles columns-2 style-1"><div class="benefit-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--2 "><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/orchids-magazine"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="Orchids Magazine & Digital Archive" loading="lazy" width="34" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Orchids Magazine & Digital Archive</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Enjoy 13 issues each year and access the latest issue of our award- winning publication all the way back to the first issue from 1932.</div><span class="link-label">Learn more about Orchids Magazine</span></div></a></article></div><div class="benefit-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--2 "><a class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://marketplace.aos.org/vouchers-for-members"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="Exclusive Discounts and Savings on Orchids, Supplies, and More" loading="lazy" width="36" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Exclusive Discounts and Savings on Orchids, Supplies, and More</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Exclusive savings from top orchid vendors and hundred of dollars in vouchers for two-year members for all your orchid needs.</div><span class="link-label">Learn more about our Orchid Marketplace and Other Savings</span></div></a></article></div><div class="benefit-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--2 "><a class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://op.aos.org/"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="OrchidPro Online Database" loading="lazy" width="62" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=64 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=128 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=128"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>OrchidPro Online Database</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Search or browse over 100,000 photos of award-winning orchids along with related data, charts, and more.</div><span class="link-label">Learn more about OrchidPro</span></div></a></article></div><div class="benefit-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--2 "><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/webinars"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="Hundreds of Orchid Webinars" loading="lazy" width="42" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Hundreds of Orchid Webinars</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">There are hundreds of orchid webinars on everything from basic growing tips and advice to deep-dives into particular genera.</div><span class="link-label">Learn more about our Orchid Webinars</span></div></a></article></div></div></div><div class="cta"><div class="sc-7888eeb2-0 bpVKMF button-b "><a class="button button--default " target="_self" href="https://secure.aos.org/join/new-membership">Learn more about joining the AOS</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="section-orchid-family__col-right col"><div class="page-section section-padding section-announcements"><div class="container"><div class="page-section__header"><h2>Latest Announcements:</h2></div><div class="page-section__body"><div class="sc-5aaf4fc7-0 iQyvDm"><div class="splide announcements-slider"><div class="splide__track"><ul class="splide__list"><li class="splide__slide announcements-slider__slide"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://aos.betterworld.org/auctions/american-orchid-society-fall-202"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="1523" height="1033" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0qOKTa_a9CUKUmV9_tinytreasuresgra
998phic.PNG?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=1920 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0qOKTa_a9CUKUmV9_tinytreasuresgraphic.PNG?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=3840 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0qOKTa_a9CUKUmV9_tinytreasuresgraphic.PNG?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=3840"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>The 2026 Virtual Fall Auction Starts October 2nd!</h5><div class="text">The AOS Fall virtual auction starts in just a few days! Get ready to bid, bid, bid!</div><span class="link-label">Bidding starts Oct 2nd at 5:00 PM EDT</span></div></a></article><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a target="_blank" class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.aos.org/culture-day"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="1188" height="900" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDqnm2WxQ3Dj0BNL_YellowMiniature20241420-2.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=1200 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDqnm2WxQ3Dj0BNL_YellowMiniature20241420-2.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=3840 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDqnm2WxQ3Dj0BNL_YellowMiniature20241420-2.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&fit=max&w=3840"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>The 9th Orchid Culture Day: "Tiny Treasures of the Orchid World"</h5><div class="text"></div><span class="link-label">The 9th Orchid Culture Day: "Tiny Treasures of the Orchid World"</span></div></a></article><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/webinars"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="42" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/3c0f684f-22ff-4fde-979a-ea0a1c10a169_icon-webinars.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Discover upcoming and pre-recorded webinars</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">We have over 200 ready-to-watch webinars on a variety of topics, some are available to non-members as well.</div><span class="link-label">See Upcoming and Ready-to-Watch Webinars</span></div></a></article><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a target="_blank" class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://marketplace.aos.org/"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="36" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0bef04cf-5820-4d9d-9c1e-b8f8c53e2b3f_icon-discounts.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Explore the latest offerings from top orchid and supply vendors</h5><div class="date">July 2023</div><div class="text">The AOS Orchid Marketplace lists top orchid and supply vendors with contact information, maps, and product showcase all in one convenient location.</div><span class="link-label">Checkout the AOS Orchid Marketplace</span></div></a></article></li><li class="splide__slide announcements-slider__slide"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a target="_blank" class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://go.aos.org/freeissue-201904?utm_source=free-issue&utm_medium=website&utm_term=april-2019&utm_campaign=join"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="34" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Download a free issue of Orchids Magazine!</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Download your free PDF "Awards-Issue" of Orchids Magazine with stunning photos of award-winning orchids, and more.</div><span class="link-label">Download Your Issue Now</span></div></a></article><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/orchids-magazine"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="34" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=48 1x, https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96 2x" src="https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/aosweb/0c9b24c1-1ca5-41cf-93ea-4997bf1ea72c_icon-digital-archive.svg?fit=max&w=96"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Orchids Magazine</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Check out the latest issue as well as prior issues dating back to 1932!</div><span class="link-label">Access Orchids Magazine Online (member-only)</span></div></a></article><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--3 announcement"><a target="_blank" class="c-article__i" rel="noreferrer" href="https://op.aos.org/"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="62" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=64 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=128 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a88e64e4-a368-4c05-a8a1-6875b326dd91_icon-orchid-pro.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=128"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>OrchidPro</h5><div class="date">June 2023</div><div class="text">Search over 100,000 photos of award-winning orchids with related charts and data.</div><span class="link-label">Access OrchidPro (member-only)</span></div></a></article></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="sc-12973ed2-0 evXKsM page-section section-padding section-articles"><div class="page-section__background">
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https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9c67beed-93f5-4977-975a-af2c0bda37cc_hero-bg-img2.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=2048 2048w, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9c67beed-93f5-4977-975a-af2c0bda37cc_hero-bg-img2.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=3840 3840w" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9c67beed-93f5-4977-975a-af2c0bda37cc_hero-bg-img2.avif?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=3840"/></div><div class="container"><div class="justify-content-between section-articles__row row"><div class="section-articles__col-left col"><div class="page-section__header"><h2>Featured Articles</h2></div><div class="page-section__body"><div class="featured-articles"><div class="featured-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--1 no-image "><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/articles/a-few-hybrids-with-pteroglossa-roseoalba"><div class="c-article__text"><h5>A Few Hybrids with Pteroglossa roseoalba</h5><div class="date">September 2026</div><div class="text">Pteroglossa roseoalba is a taxon found from southern Mexico through to Argentina in South America.</div></div></a></article></div><div class="featured-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--1 "><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/articles/for-the-novice-cleaning-clay-pots"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="784" height="497" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=828&fit=max 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=1920&fit=max 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=1920&fit=max"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Cleaning Clay Pots</h5><div class="date">August 2026</div><div class="text">If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hardâwater salts from them prior to reuse.</div></div></a></article></div><div class="featured-articles__el"><article class="sc-845b083e-0 iplssi c-article layout--1 "><a class="c-article__i" href="/orchids/articles/ten-essential-tools"><div class="c-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="784" height="497" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=828&fit=max 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=1920&fit=max 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252&w=1920&fit=max"/></div><div class="c-article__text"><h5>Ten Essential Tools</h5><div class="date">July 2026</div><div class="text">There are other ways to sterilize potting tools, but a propane torch is by far the most convenient.</div></div></a></article></div></div><div class="cta"><a target="_blank" class="link" href="aos.org/orchids/featured-articles" rel="noreferrer">View All Featured Articles</a></div></div></div><div class="section-articles__col-right col"><div class="page-section__header"><h2>Latest Issue</h2></div><div class="page-section__body"><div class="issue-articles"><div class="issue-articles__el"><div class="sc-6c55bc8a-0 fCqKtP issue-article 1"><div class="issue-article__i"><div class="issue-article__image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" width="300" height="405" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/PHQtLFMymvwaCO4B_v095n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C0%2C300%2C405&w=384&fit=max 1x, https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/PHQtLFMymvwaCO4B_v095n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C0%2C300%2C405&w=640&fit=max 2x" src="https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/PHQtLFMymvwaCO4B_v095n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress&rect=0%2C0%2C300%2C405&w=640&fit=max"/></div><div class="issue-article__text"><div class="link link--top"><a href="/orchids/orchids-magazine/orchids-september-2026">See whatâs inside</a></div><h5><span>September<!-- --> </span><span>2026</span></h5><p>Jim Cootes continues his multipart series on the genus Dendrobium and its relatives with Part 22: The genus Diplocaulobium. The members of the section have been known over the years under numerous genus names and are now considered by Plants of the World online to a section (Diplocaulobium) of a greatly expanded genus Dendrobium. Landy Rajaovelona and colleagues introduce us to the orchids of the Itremo Massif Protected Area of Madagascar and Leon Glicenstein shares some of his hybrids with the terrestrial Pteroglossa roseoalba.</p><div class="cta"><div class="sc-7888eeb2-0 bpVKMF button-b "><a class="button button--default " target="_self" href="https://secure.aos.org/join/new-membership">Get instant access</a></div><div class="link link--bottom"><p><a href="/orchids/orchids-magazine">Explore the Orchids magazine digital archive</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="sc-cdf4b225-0 cfsTOn page-section section-padding section-gallery layout-1" id="gallery"><div class="page-section__background">
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998,{"type":"list-item","text":"Judges' Corner - Coatepec in Bloom: The Puerto Rico Judging Center Visits Mexicoâs Orchid Capital by René Enrique GarcÃa\nOrchids Illustrated - Himantoglossum - the lizard orchids by Peggy Alrich and Wesley Higgins","spans":[{"start":143,"end":157,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Striking Gold : The Largest Known Population of Mexican Cypripedium and What it Teaches Us By Andrés Ramos, Orchidarc","spans":[{"start":56,"end":67,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Lycaste dowiana: Between Tragedy and Opportunity By Eduardo A. Pérez-GarcÃa","spans":[{"start":0,"end":7,"type":"em"},{"start":8,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"The Easton Dossiers, Part 4: Australian Cymbidium species By Graham Guest","spans":[{"start":40,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Beyond the Bloom: The Search for the genes that allow Orchids and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Work Together by Melissa McCormick, Eranga Wettewa, Julianne McGuinness and Angela Turner","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Dendrobium Delicatum - Rescue of Historic Plants and Use in Breeding by Peter Adams","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"TableofContents":[],"ViewerURL":"https://secure.aos.org/digital-library/202609orch_95-09/index.html","Supplement":false,"SupplementNumber":null,"DownloadURL":"https://secure.aos.org/downloadissue?id=202609","MetaTitle":"Orchids September 2026","MetaDescription":"Jim Cootes continues his multipart series on the genus Dendrobium and its relatives with Part 22: The genus Diplocaulobium.","MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"52ed1da6-22c8-42db-b6af-ab396eb5125e","isBroken":false}}}}],"Heading":[{"type":"heading2","text":"Latest Issue","spans":[]}]},"link_type":"Document","key":"bba37649-448d-4fea-9797-585fcf38b0d2","isBroken":false}},"id":"featured_articles$78c6c3df-26f5-43b1-b985-9ca852b3531f","slice_type":"featured_articles","slice_label":null,"articles":[{"id":"aqBKyhEAACkAJGzk","uid":"a-few-hybrids-with-pteroglossa-roseoalba","url":"/orchids/articles/a-few-hybrids-with-pteroglossa-roseoalba","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aqBKyhEAACkAJGzk%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-09-08T18:01:38+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-09-11T21:38:55+0000","slugs":["a-few-hybrids-with-pteroglossa-roseoalba"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"mobile":{}},"StdThumb":{"mobile":{}},"Heading":"A Few Hybrids with Pteroglossa roseoalba","Author":"Leon Glicenstein, PHD / Photogrpahs by the author unless otherwise credited","ArticleDate":"2026-09-01","Summary":"Pteroglossa roseoalba is a taxon found from southern Mexico through to Argentina in South America.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Pteroglossa roseoalba is a taxon found from southern Mexico through to Argentina in South America. It was first described by Reichenbach f. as Pelexia roseoalba in 1854 from a specimen collected in Venezuela. It has since gone through a series of nomenclatural reclassifications: Centrogenium [1919]; Eltroplectris [1982]; and finally, Pteroglossa [2002]. For those who are interested, it is botanically in the family Orchidaceae, subfamily Orchidoideae, tribe Cranichideae and subtribe Spiranthinae.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":143,"end":160,"type":"em"},{"start":280,"end":292,"type":"em"},{"start":301,"end":314,"type":"em"},{"start":336,"end":347,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] An inflorescence of a light pink form of Pteroglossa roseoalba with visible str
998iping. [E.A.Flachsland]","spans":[{"start":45,"end":66,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/F98WlE2DUYbeQQ6t_image-a-few-hybrids-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":786,"height":1054},"id":"F98WlE2DUYbeQQ6t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The plant is a terrestrial and grows as a rosette of about three to six dark green leaves, often spotted with varying amounts of silver markings. There is a dormancy period where the leaves usually die back. The inflorescence, which often arises before the leaves regrow, can be about 8 to 12 inches (20â30 cm) tall and produces several white to pink flowers approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) across. The new growth can be prone to rot if kept too wet.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Typical foliage of the rosette of Pteroglossa roseoalba. Some clones have more markings.","spans":[{"start":38,"end":59,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/sDHmxPH2oWQgPyEx_image-a-few-hybrids-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":568},"id":"sDHmxPH2oWQgPyEx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are presently only four registered hybrids with Pteroglossa roseoalba. The first of these, Pterolexia Titania, was registered in 2015. It is a cross of Pelexia olivacea with Pteroglossa roseoalba. It may be classified as a painted-leaf orchid since the leaves are very variegated, in green and white tones. The inflorescence can be over 12 inches (30 cm) tall with up to 18 flowers about ¼ inch (6 mm) across. When the hybrid was originally made, I was more concerned that the flowers might be brown because of the combination of the green and pink colors of the parents. I did not think about flower size. However, I was hoping for larger flowers, but they did come out pink and white, not brown. It has a charm all its own.","spans":[{"start":54,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":97,"end":107,"type":"em"},{"start":158,"end":174,"type":"em"},{"start":180,"end":201,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] A much pinker flower of Pteroglossa roseoalba.","spans":[{"start":28,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/vjJMexAkSKvtTDf0_image-a-few-hybrids-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":570},"id":"vjJMexAkSKvtTDf0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":" ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The second hybrid was made by Orchids and More in Germany and registered by A. Della lacovo as Pterorhynchos Graziano Grando in 2019. It was registered as a hybrid of Pteroglossa roseoalba by Stenorrhynchos glicensteinii. The foliage is dark green with fantastic white spotting and streaking. The inflorescence is about 12 inches (30 cm) tall with up to 18 1-inch (2.5 cm) pink and white flowers.","spans":[{"start":95,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":192,"end":220,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Foliage of Pterolexia Titania (Pelexia olivacea à Pteroglossa roseoalba).","spans":[{"start":15,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":51,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/rvQKypRmCG4YC1fq_image-a-few-hybrids-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":578},"id":"rvQKypRmCG4YC1fq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2024, Eltroglossa Argentina was registered as a cross of Eltroplectris calcarata with Pteroglossa roseoalba. The leaves have long petioles, some with maroon pigment, like the Eltroplectris. A few leaves may even have some white spotting on them. Having written that they have long petioles, the plants at Longwood Gardens, from the same seed capsule, have compact, rosette-shaped plants. Higher light intensity? I grow mine under lights. The tall inflorescence has numerous 1½- inch (3.8 cm) flowers shaped much like the Eltroplectris with the markings of the Pteroglossa parent.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":60,"end":84,"type":"em"},{"start":89,"end":110,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":191,"type":"em"},{"start":524,"end":537,"type":"em"},{"start":563,"end":574,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Inflorescence of Pterolexia Titania.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6CkKaP9YM6szHNvD_image-a-few-hybrids-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":428,"height":722},"id":"6CkKaP9YM6szHNvD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The last hybrid is a back-cross of Pterorhynchos Graziano Grando with Pteroglossa roseoalba, registered in 2025 and named Pterorhynchos Pink Leopard. Once again, the foliage is beautifully and heavily variegated, green and white. As expected, the tall inflorescence has pink and white flowers with some striping from the Pteroglossa parent. The flower is about 1½ inches (3.8 cm) in natural spread.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":91,"type":"em"},{"start":122,"end":135,"type":"em"},{"start":321,"end":332,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Flower of Pterolexia Titania.","spans":[{"start":14,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/tzltB88JZhIXsBgF_image-a-few-hybrids-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":664},"id":"tzltB88JZhIXsBgF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Unexpectedly, some flowers have also been red and white, again with the striping from the Pteroglossa parent.","spans":[{"start":90,"end":101,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"From these four hybrids, we can see that Pteroglossa roseoalba has a lot to offer, in itself and for hybridization. All these plants are easy to grow, and those with spectacular foliage are worth growing even out of flower. They want to be kept moist, given Phalaenopsis light levels and intermediate conditions. I grow them in a terrestrial mix. If the plants do go dormant, I cut back on the water until they leaf out again.","spans":[{"start":41,"end":62,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There is a great future for this species for those with imagination. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Leon Glicenstein, PhD is a past chair of the AOS Conservation Committee and an international lecturer. He has grown orchids for more than 66 years and was breeder of novel orchid hybrids for the former Hoosier Orchid Company (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":257,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Foliage of Pterorhynchos Graziano Grando (Pteroglossa roseoalba à Stenorrhynchos glicensteinii). ","spans":[{"start":46,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/amht6PvggyoeSeSw_image-a-few-hybrids-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":702},"id":"amht6PvggyoeSeSw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Flowers of Pterorhynchos Graziano Grando. ","spans":[{"start":15,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/PmdyI-yLZCGyH7je_image-a-few-hybrids-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":1122},"id":"PmdyI-yLZCGyH7je","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Long-petioled leaves of the authorâs Eltroglossa Argentina (Eltroplectris cal - carata à Pteroglossa roseoalba). ","spans":[{"start":41,"end":52,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":114,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/zo59RlvoTmVYq_F4_image-a-few-hybrids-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":560},"id":"zo59RlvoTmVYq_F4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Rosette of Eltroglossa Argentina grown at Longwood Gardens. ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6hGzEyokpxAHteCU_image-a-few-hybrids-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":888,"height":512},"id":"6hGzEyokpxAHteCU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Flowers of Eltroglossa Argentina. ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/IJry8hwXrtAn3RJV_image-a-few-hybrids-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":554},"id":"IJry8hwXrtAn3RJV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Foliage of Pterorhynchos Pink Leopard âJudyâ HCC/AOS (Graziano Grando à Pteroglossa roseoalba). ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/EjqC5al0p2S3zsNm_image-a-few-hybrids-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":888,"height":720},"id":"EjqC5al0p2S3zsNm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Inflorescence of Pterorhynchos Pink Leopard âJudyâ HCC/AOS.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/W5S4WFRtPnTuZ4ax_image-a-few-hybrids-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":688},"id":"W5S4WFRtPnTuZ4ax","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":" ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14]âPink and white flowers of Pterorhynchos Pink Leopard âJudyâ HCC/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":31,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/udQauTd6nZ0F6vBi_image-a-few-hybrids-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":572},"id":"udQauTd6nZ0F6vBi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Red and white flowers of Pterorhynchos Pink Leopard.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":43,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/J9i6jj6MHRGrkV6o_image-a-few-hybrids-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":566},"id":"J9i6jj6MHRGrkV6o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"apR3gxIAACgAlMkj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-08-31T13:18:29+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-31T13:18:29+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"7c571a49-426b-44c1-b089-4c033693241c","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"A Few Hybrids with Pteroglossa roseoalba","MetaDescription":"Pteroglossa roseoalba is a taxon found from southern Mexico through to Argentina in South America.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aqAvBhEAACsAJDr0","uid":"orchid-disease-control-part-1","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-disease-control-part-1","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
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Orchids do not have an immunological system like we do. They have a phloem that transports the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis through the rest of the plant and a xylem that transports water and soluble mineral nutrients absorbed from the roots upwards throughout the plant, but they donât have a circulatory system carrying leukocytes, lymphocytes, antibodies and all the rest of our incredible infection fighters. So how does an orchid protect itself from disease?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Black rot on a cattleya. Supplying your plants with sufficient calcium will strengthen them so they can more easily withstand attack by the water molds that cause black rot, although those suffering through hot humid summers may also have to rely on heavy-duty fungicides to protect their plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/BtQts_KU3xCiwB_y_image-disease-control-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":668,"height":984},"id":"BtQts_KU3xCiwB_y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE NATURAL DISEASE RESPONSE IN ORCHIDS â WALL OFF THE INVADING PATHOGENS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Barrier to Entry \nOrchids have an epidermis with an outer layer called a cuticle that consists of a wax-like substance that provides protection against water loss as well as a barrier to entry, acting as the first line of defense against pathogens. Some fungi can pierce this barrier by secreting an enzyme that degrades the cuticle. Bacteria and some fungi circumvent the barrier by entering tissues through open stomata or wound sites.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Hypersensitive Response \nWhen an attack by a pathogen begins, plants respond with a rapid series of events at the site of the infection that culminates in the hypersensitive response. This is a localized death of cells at the site of infection as a result of the plant cells recognizing the invading pathogen and committing suicide to thwart the pathogen. The dead cells wall off the pathogen and this necrotic barrier prevents the transmission of the pathogen through the plant. These dead cells may also become hard and unattractive to other pathogens by producing toxic compounds.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Systemic Acquired Resistance \nThe initial hypersensitive response is commonly followed by a slower response that leads to systemic acquired resistance. Systemic acquired resistance occurs when a chemical travels from the infection site to nearby tissues via the phloem and primes the rest of the plant to protect itself against further challenges from the invading pathogen. The plantâs response to the infection in one leaf causes the plant to become more resistant to a secondary attack in a different part of the plant.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SUBSTANCES THAT MAY INDUCE A PLANTâS RESPONSE TO DISEASE â ARTIFICIAL STIMULATION OF THE PLANTâS RESPONSE MECHANISM","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aspirin \nSalicylic acid (a chemical related to aspirin) is one of several chemicals that can transmit the signal of the defense response throughout the plant. Studies have shown that applying salicylic acid to plants can induce resistance to pathogens, environmental stresses and some insects. Well known Fort Lauderdale orchid grower Dot Henley wrote about her experience applying aspirin (methyl salicylate) to her orchids in the October 2001 edition of the AOS Bulletin (Henley 2001). She reported that her plants had more flowers, bigger growths and fewer fungal problems after weekly spraying with a fertilizer solution to which aspirin was added (¾ of a 325-mg aspirin in a gallon [3.785 L] of water). She later added two caveats: do not exceed the recommended amount and do not skip adding aspirin to your fertilizer regimen for more than a couple of weeks because the orchids seem to become addicted to aspirin and fungal and bacterial problems may occur without their weekly fix.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":7,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":7,"type":"strong"},{"start":460,"end":472,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Harpin Proteins \nA naturally occurring protein isolated from bacterial plant pathogens has been shown to initiate the protective response in plants when applied to leaves. Plants can detect the presence of these harpin proteins and their early warning system is activated. The plant thinks it is under attack and signals other parts of the plant to activate defensive and growth responses. Rx Green Solutions markets Axiom, the harpin alpha beta protein, and recommends it be applied every 2 to 3 weeks at a rate of a 2-gram packet per gallon (3.785 L) as a foliar application via a light mist. The potential effectiveness of harpin proteins for orchids is currently under evaluation in the scientific community.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Biological Agents \nBiological control agents are introduced, or resident, living organisms that suppress the activities and populations of plant pathogens. They are most effective if applied prior to infection. Biological control agents may work by killing the pathogen, producing a compound that is toxic or interferes with pathogen growth, triggering a defensive response in the host plant or out-compet
998ing the pathogen. The soilless Promix HP has a biofungicide incorporated into its mix, naturally occurring strains of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus) reported to enhance plant growth and suppress harmful organisms such as Fusarium, Pythium and Rhizoctonia. There are a variety of other products containing Streptomyces lydicus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma species and Gliocladium virens that claim to help prevent some soil-borne diseases and aerial diseases if applied prior to the disease occurring in the growing area.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"},{"start":533,"end":568,"type":"em"},{"start":642,"end":660,"type":"em"},{"start":663,"end":675,"type":"em"},{"start":725,"end":778,"type":"em"},{"start":791,"end":802,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WOUND MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTIVE SPRAYS â KILL PATHOGENS IN THE ENVIRONMENT BEFORE THEY INFECT YOUR PLANT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are a number of chemicals available to protect your plants from bacterial and fungal infections, although they are most effective as protectants rather than curatives. There are many precautionary treatments you can incorporate into your growing regimen. Regular disinfection of your growing area by spraying with sterilants such as bleach or quaternary ammonium compounds is a good start. Many orchid growers dust open wounds on their plants with cinnamon or a fungicide to seal wounds and prevent infection. After repotting, I pour a protective drench of Banrot 40WP through the fresh potting mix to ward off infection, plus some seaweed extract to encourage root growth. Some spray specific types of plants for a specific potential problem, like monthly sprays with thiophanate methyl (Thiomyl or
998Clearys 3336) to control Guignardia in vandas and a post-repotting and fall spray of copper compounds to help prevent Erwinia (now called Pectobacterium) in phals and paphs.","spans":[{"start":831,"end":841,"type":"em"},{"start":924,"end":931,"type":"em"},{"start":944,"end":958,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Occasional preventative treatments can help. I spray out-of-bloom phalaenopsis and paphiopedilums twice a year with copper compounds, after repotting in the summer and before the cool season in the fall, to help prevent bacterial infections from Erwinia (now Pectobacterium). ","spans":[{"start":250,"end":257,"type":"em"},{"start":263,"end":277,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/gQnGbO24nif-5gN5_image-disease-control-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":674,"height":446},"id":"gQnGbO24nif-5gN5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Good air movement is one of the most effective ways to prevent a disease from infecting your plant, like this Cercospora damage on a cattleya. Fresh air constantly bathing the leaves, together with good spacing between plants, will help prevent a disease from gaining a stronghold in your growing area.","spans":[{"start":114,"end":124,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/nKtxYn7SmPK_4FRc_image-disease-control-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":668,"height":598},"id":"nKtxYn7SmPK_4FRc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"GOOD CULTURAL PRACTICES â YOUR BEST DEFENSE AGAINST ORCHID DISEASE IS A VIBRANTLY GROWING PLANT THAT CAN RESIST INFECTION","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Your best defense against orchid disease is to optimize your culture so your orchids are healthy and happy and able to resist diseases naturally. This means you must provide your plants with enough of the right kinds of light, water, nutrients, warmth and air movement and make sure your potting media is fresh. The importance of providing fresh air for your plants cannot be overemphasized. Fresh air will only work its wonders if there is sufficient spacing between plants. Sanitation is vitally important to eliminate the sources of pathogens in your growing area. Maintain a clean growing area free of weeds, which often harbor disease. Remove spent flowers and fallen leaves from the growing area to a sealed container to remove the source of infections. Disinfect benches and under benches regularly to kill any lingering pathogens. Sterilize cutting tools, pots, wire products and similar tools before reuse so problems arenât transferred from one plant to another. Always use new or sterile potting medium. Donât allow water to drip from one plant to another and never dunk plants in a common bucket. Make sure your new orchids are healthy, and disease-free before introducing them to your growing area. When you water, look at each plant for any signs of stress, particularly as seasonal changes in temperature, light and moisture occur. Consider developing a schedule for preventative applications of fungicides or bactericides suitable to your climate and growing conditions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Many disease problems can be prevented with attention to sanitation and good cultural practices. Occasionally you may find you have a genetic weakling that is prone to problems. I tend to discard these unless the flower is extraordinary. All growers will find disease in their collections from time to time and have to resort to the use of fungicides and bactericides to control a problem. If you have a recurring disease problem, there may be some aspect of your cultural practices that should be changed or perhaps y
998ou are trying to grow a plant not well-suited to your growing conditions. Your plants will be happiest if you focus on improving your culture rather than reflexively spraying chemicals on them whenever you notice a new leaf spot.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Donât be this grower! Never allow spent flowers or vegetation to linger in your growing area. Spores and other inoculum for future infections are growing on these dead plant parts. Promptly remove them from the growing area to a sealed container for disposal; no composting!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/EIltWdhHGmE0lNrn_image-disease-control-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":668,"height":450},"id":"EIltWdhHGmE0lNrn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References and Additional Reading\nChuang, H.W., P.Y. Chang, and Y.Y. Syu. 2014. Harpin Protein, an Elicitor of Disease Resistance, Acts as a Growth Promoter in Phalaenopsis Orchids. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 33:788â797. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":33,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":33,"type":"strong"},{"start":182,"end":216,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Freeman, B.C. and G.A. Beattie. 2008. An Overview of Plant Defenses against Pathogens and Herbivores. http://www. apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/topics/ Pages/OverviewOfPlantDiseases.aspx. Accessed November 15, 2015. ","spans":[{"start":39,"end":100,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Freeman, S., K. Quillin, and L. Allison. Chapter 37, Plant Defense Systems. p. 709â725. In: Biological Science. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. http://www.pearsoncustom. com/ucsc/images/0130819239_ch37. pdf. Accessed May 26, 2014. ","spans":[{"start":88,"end":110,"type":"em"},{"start":231,"end":252,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Guest, D. and J. Brown. 1997. Plant Defences against Pathogens. Plant Pathogens and Plant Diseases 263â286. http:// www.appsnet.org/Publications/Books/ Brown_Ogle/17 Defence mechanisms (DIG\u0026JFB).pdf. Accessed May 26, 2014. ","spans":[{"start":64,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Harmon, P.F., S.D. Bledsoe, and R.J. McGovern. 2004, revised 2012. Professional Disease Management Guide for Ornamental Plants. University of Florida Extension, Publication PP-202. ","spans":[{"start":67,"end":126,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Henley, D. Aspirin and Growing Orchids. Orchids 70(10):983. ","spans":[{"start":40,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Pal, K.K. and B.M. Gardener. 2006. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. The Plant Health Instructor 2:1117â1142. ","spans":[{"start":74,"end":101,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Raskin, I. 1992. Salicylate, A New Plant Hormone. Plant Physiology, 99:799â803. ","spans":[{"start":50,"end":66,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Publication Committee ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":409,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"apR3gxIAACgAlMkj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-08-31T13:18:29+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-31T13:18:29+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"223eaf2c-ee8f-4fc7-a412-600ab2d3b090","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"ORCHID DISEASE CONTROL: PART 1","MetaDescription":null,"CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"anIh6hIAAC4A_C-4","uid":"for-the-novice-cleaning-clay-pots","url":"/orchids/articles/for-the-novice-cleaning-clay-pots","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22anIh6hIAAC4A_C-4%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-08-04T18:22:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-04T18:22:16+0000","slugs":["cleaning-clay-pots"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cleaning Clay Pots","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-08-01","Summary":"If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hardâwater salts from them prior to reuse.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hardâwater salts from them prior to reuse. It is a chore that can quickly become unmanageable unless you clean your used pots daily while you are repotting during the marathon repotting season in the spring.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SCRUB DEBRIS FROM THE POT\nThe first step is to remove any potting mix, roots and other detritus from the pot. I fill a 5âgallon (about 19âL) bucket with water and drop the pots into the bucket as I am repotting. You can add a little dishwashing liquid to the water if you like. Your last repotting chore of the day will be scrubbing these pots. Use an abrasive pad to scrub away as much of the adhering roots, encrusted salt and other debris as you can.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Clay pots are porous so they can absorb salts and pathogens which can be damaging to the next occupant of the pot. Pots should be cleaned and then sterilized before they are used again. Your final repotting chore of the day is cleaning the debris from the pots so you do not end up with the tedious chore of cleaning a stockpile of dirty pots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZH5hIiBbL1Rzs7nJ_image-cleaning-clay-pots.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":841,"height":604},"id":"ZH5hIiBbL1Rzs7nJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"STERILIZE THE POT\nSterilizing porous clay pots is necessary to avoid transferring pests, diseases or viruses from the last occupant to the next occupant of the pot. You can use either chemicals or heat to sterilize clay pots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Once you have removed the debris from the pot, you can use a dishwasher to finish cleaning them and help draw salts from the pot. The pots still require sterilization to eliminate virus particles.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8KzLTKSGTdwWsh_n_image-cleaning-clay-pots-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":409,"height":406},"id":"8KzLTKSGTdwWsh_n","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Traditional Bleach Soak\nThe traditional advice is to disinfect your clay pots by soaking them for several hours in a 10 percent) bleach solution (one part chlorine bleach to nine parts of water). If you are using a 5âgallon (19âL) bucket, add 1â2 gallon (1.9 L) of bleach, drop in your scrubbed pots, and fill to the top with water. You can also add pool algaecide (2 tsp/gal [about 10 ml/3.875 L] if 10 percent strength) instead of, or in addition to, your bleach solution for extra killing power. You will pull the pots out of the bucket, wash them off with a hose and drop them into a second 5âgallon (19âL) bucket filled with water. Let them soak for several hours to remove any residual bleach or algaecide. Remember to use rubber gloves so your skin does not contact the bleach or algaecide solution, which, after a very few exposures, can cause skin sensitivity and chemical burns. The bleach or algaecide kills everything with the possible exception of viruses, so the next step is heat treatment. If you bake the pots in the oven at 400 F (204 C) for two hours, any virus will be eliminated. Add your used rhizome clips and other wire products to the oven to decontaminate them at the same time. Let the pots cool off in the oven, and they are ready to be reused, assuming the salts are gone.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dishwasher and Oven Alternative\nI have started washing prescrubbed pots in the dishwasher, followed by baking them in the oven, thereby eliminating the need for the bleach soak. After the initial scrub, I let the pots soak in a waterâfilled 5âgallon (19âL) bucket to start dissolving any residual salts. Alternatively, you can bring them into the kitchen and soak them in hot water, which will hasten salt dissolution. I scrub the pots a second time to remove encrusted salts and residual debris, and then pop them into the dishwasher, sometimes with twice the normal amount of detergent or a few teaspoons of trisodium phosphate. The heat and detergent will draw the salts either out of the pot or to the outside edge of the pot. As they are removed from the dishwasher, check for any remaining salt encrustation and, if present, scrub with an abrasive pad while the pots are still warm. Then bake the pots in the oven for two hours at 400 F (204 C) along with any wire products that need decontamination. Let them cool in the oven. If salts are not visible on the pots, they are ready to be reused.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Terry set up a heat treatment station in our boat house with a secondhand oven he bought for $50. I set the oven to 500 F (260 C) and let the pots bake for two hours to eliminate all pathogens and also to help remove stubborn salt encrustations.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/u-icgaT7GJRy-5qg_image-cleaning-clay-pots-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":405,"height":411},"id":"u-icgaT7GJRy-5qg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REMOVE STUBBORN SALT ENCRUSTATION\nSometimes you will find or acquire pots with stubborn salt encrustations that are still present after your normal cleaning sequence. You need to remove any residual salts that have been absorbed into the porous clay pots. Otherwise, the roots of your newly repotted orchid can burn if they come into contact with the white deposits as a result of salt toxicity. If soaking and washing the pots does not remove all the salts, you have a few alternatives.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mild Acid Soak\nIf the pots still have visible white stains, try an overnight soak in a mild acid. Use white vinegar at whatever concentration you are comfortable handling, either straight from the bottle or diluted solution. Scrub any residual salt from the pot and follow with a second soak in water to remove the acetic acid. Ray Barkalow of First Rays suggests using citric acid, a mild organic acid that is very effective for removing deposits. Citric acid may be sold in your grocery store for use in ethnic recipes as âsour salt.â Even at 1 cup/gallon (1â4 L/3.875 L), it is still quite plantâfriendly, so you need not worry too much about rinsing. The product is used in fertilizers to enhance solubility and in leaf cleaners for removing deposits.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Simmer on the Stove\nFor stubborn salt deposits, drop your pots in a stew pot filled to the brim with water and set to a slow simmer for several hours. The heat will help draw the salts from the pot. You can add a mild acid, such as vinegar or citric acid, to help solubilize the salts. Then soak the pots in fresh water to remove leftover acid.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"High Temperature\nIncreasing your oven temperature to 500 F (260 C) during the heat sterilization step will also help remove stubborn salt encrustations. The deposits on the pots are a combination of minerals from the water supply (probably naturally occurring bicarbonates and carbonates), minerals from the fertilizers (nitrates and sulfates predominantly) and organic plant wastes. Ray Barkalow of First Rays contends that these materials are all blended together and are probably deposited on the pot rather than chemically bonded to it. The cooking process destroys the sticky organic materials and possibly changes the physical or chemical properties of the inorganic materials, making them more friable and easier to remove. At any rate, cook the pots for an hour or two at your ovenâs highest temperature setting, and when the pots are cool enough, place them in the sink and fill the sink with water for a brief soak. It is best to use this alternative when the house can be opened for ventilation and vapors can be dispersed easily. The fumes are like those you get when you put the oven through a selfâcleaning cycle. You will have to ventilate to rid the house of fumes, but your pots will look brand new without using chemicals such as bleach or acid.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Pots in the final soak after heat treatment. The pots look almost brand new and are ready to return to duty.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agG6UxKlQnObWGPt_image-cleaning-clay-pots-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":838,"height":559},"id":"agG6UxKlQnObWGPt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ONEâSTEP CLEANUP USING A KILN\nBob Scully, Jr., of the former great orchid nursery Jones \u0026 Scully, uses a kiln to
998sterilize and desalt pots prior to reuse. He simply removes the coarse debris from the pots and runs them through a kiln. The kiln has a firing temperature on the order of 1,000 F (540 C), high enough that pests, diseases, viruses and salts are all eliminated in one step. He brushes any residual ash off the pots after removal from the kiln and they are ready to reuse. Cleaning up your pots can quickly become a chore if you stockpile dirty pots to handle âlater.â Drop your dirty pots in a bucket of water as you are repotting so the debris and roots will be softened up by the end of the day. Your last repotting chore of the day will be to scrub the debris from the pots. Then you either stockpile prescrubbed pots or continue with the sterilization process and drop them into a bleach solution, wash in the dishwasher, cook in the oven, or whatever you choose to sterilize your pots. You will be able to sleep the sleep of the righteous, knowing that your âalmost newâ pots are ready for your new beauties.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera, and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":404,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"amwtKREAACwAbRmq","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-08-02T20:46:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-02T20:46:32+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"df6c53d4-6f8e-46c6-a54e-dd7e3d16e6a8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Cleaning Clay Pots","MetaDescription":"If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hardâwater salts from them prior to reuse.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"anIxtxIAAC0A_ElO","uid":"part-21-the-genus-cadetia","url":"/orchids/articles/part-21-the-genus-cadetia","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22anIxtxIAAC0A_ElO%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-08-04T19:48:46+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-11T16:56:16+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-it-relativespart-21-the-genus-cadetia"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R_v095n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"kmrRGL0RKahv0R3R","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and it Relatives\nPart 21: The Genus Cadetia","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2026-08-01","Summary":"The genus Cadetia was first proposed by Charles GaudichaudâBeaupré in 1826 in Voyage autour du Monde, enterpris par Ordre du Roi, ... Execute sur les Corvettes de S.M. lâUranie et la Physicienne... par M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany (Voyage around the World undertaken by Order of the King, ...Executed on the Corvettes of HM Uranie and the Physician...by M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany...) The generic name honors Cadet de Gassicourt, who was the author of a dictionary of chemical terms.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Cadetia was first proposed by Charles GaudichaudâBeaupré in 1826 in Voyage autour du Monde, enterpris par Ordre du Roi, ... Execute sur les Corvettes de S.M. lâUranie et la Physicienne... par M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany (Voyage around the World undertaken by Order of the King, ...Executed on the Corvettes of HM Uranie and the Physician...by M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany...) The generic name honors Cadet de Gassicourt, who was the author of a dictionary of chemical terms. The type species for the genus is Cadetia umbellata Gaudichaud. There are about 90 species in the genus, primarily found in the mountains of New Guinea. At present, Plants of the World Online accepts Cadetia as a
998section of an expanded genus Dendrobium.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":78,"end":232,"type":"em"},{"start":522,"end":540,"type":"em"},{"start":688,"end":695,"type":"em"},{"start":730,"end":740,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants are usually small, clumping, with a single upright pseudobulb, which in some species is square in crossâsection, bearing a single leathery leaf. The flowers are usually white with yellow, orange or pink markings in the labellum, and appear from the top of the pseudobulb at the junction of the leaf.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia arfakensis was described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1922 in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. Leipzig (Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History, and Plant Geography. Leipzig). The specific epithet refers to the Arfak Mountains in New Guinea. Plant reaches 4 inches (10 cm) in height. Flowers are about 3â4 of an inch (2 cm) across. This species is endemic to New Guinea, where it grows at elevations between 2,000 and 6,300 feet (600â1,900m) in limestone hill forest.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":65,"end":153,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cadetia arfakense. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Ngt47xqOraBp2PRN_image-genus-cadetia-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":781,"height":1074},"id":"Ngt47xqOraBp2PRN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia collina was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the hilly habitat where this species grows. Plants reach 5 inches (12.5 cm) in height and carry a single leathery leaf. The flower is about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across. This species is endemic to Papua New Guinea, and it grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 1,600 feet (500 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"},{"start":58,"end":105,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cadetia collina. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/rAsSjHJsG6oZ7H6W_image-genus-cadetia-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":675,"height":627},"id":"rAsSjHJsG6oZ7H6W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia fluctuosa was first named as Dendrobium fluctuosum by J.J. Smith. Peter Hunt transferred it to the genus Cadetia in 1971 in the Kew Bulletin. The specific epithet refers to the wavy ridges on the pedicel and ovary. Plants reach about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in height. Flowers are large for the genus at about 1 inch (2.5 cm) across. This orchid is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,100 and 6,600 feet (1,250â2,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"},{"start":37,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":136,"end":148,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Cadetia fluctuosa illustrating plant habit and relative flower size. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zm6cfo_F6c0e65qK_image-genus-cadetia-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":322,"height":325},"id":"Zm6cfo_F6c0e65qK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Closeâup of Cadetia fluctuosa. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/h8ae8toiG0cxBd9__image-genus-cadetia-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":322,"height":430},"id":"h8ae8toiG0cxBd9_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia funiformis was named by Rudolf Schlechterin 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet may refer to the âcableâshapedâ rhizome. Plants reach about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in height. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (8 mm) across. This orchid is endemic to New Guinea, where it grows both as an epiphyte and lithophyte at elevations up to 2,600 feet (800 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":60,"end":108,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Cadetia funiformis. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/2yeyW8XNdkD4oXyQ_image-genus-cadetia-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":673,"height":481},"id":"2yeyW8XNdkD4oXyQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia lucida was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the bright color of the flowers. Plants reach about 21â2 inches (6 cm) in height. Flowers are about a 1â4 inch (6 mm) across. This orchid is endemic to New Guinea, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 330 feet (100 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"strong"},{"start":57,"end":104,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Cadetia lucida. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/i0G-rKnEUNhXC6Ip_image-genus-cadetia-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":670,"height":915},"id":"i0G-rKnEUNhXC6Ip","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia microphyton was first named as Dendrobium microphyton by Louis Williams. It was transferred to the genus Cadetia by the late Dr. Eric Christenson in 1992 in Lindleyana. The specific epithet refers to the dwarf growth habit of this species. The plant is about 11â2 inches (4 cm) tall. The flowers are about 11â4 inch (6 mm) across. This species is endemic to the southern Philippines, where it grows as an epiphyte and occasionally on rocks at elevations between 1,000 and 4,000 feet (300â1,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":39,"end":61,"type":"em"}
998,{"start":165,"end":175,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Cadetia microphyton. Photograph by Miguel David de Leon.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/_N06HZugR3IEORHe_image-genus-cadetia-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":324,"height":277},"id":"_N06HZugR3IEORHe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia potamophila was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the riverâloving habitat of the plant. Plants reach 11â2 inches (4 cm) tall. Flowers are about 1â4 inch (6 mm) in diameter. This orchid is endemic to New Guinea, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 500 and 650 feet (150â200 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":61,"end":109,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Cadetia pomatophila. Photograph by Jim Cootes.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/UfFXdh-CnRLr0VlZ_image-genus-cadetia-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":324,"height":280},"id":"UfFXdh-CnRLr0VlZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia quinqueloba was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the five lobes of the labellum. Plants reach about 3 inches (7.5 cm) in height. The flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) in diameter. This orchid is endemic to New Guinea, where it grows both as an epiphyte and lithophyte at elevations up to 6,000 feet (1,800 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":63,"end":110,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Cadetia quinqueloba. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/68JeT3qoLPgs9T6Q_image-genus-cadetia-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":321,"height":342},"id":"68JeT3qoLPgs9T6Q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia taylorii was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to Mr. N. Taylor, who first collected this species. Plants reach 4 inches (10 cm) in height and carry a single leathery leaf. The flower is about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across. This species is found in northern Australia and possibly Papua New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 4,000 feet (1,200 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"},{"start":58,"end":107,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Cadetia taylorii âMikeâs Bestâ. Photograph by Jim Cootes.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/-HHRBuqlEMogSUHk_image-genus-cadetia-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":325,"height":292},"id":"-HHRBuqlEMogSUHk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia transversiloba was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the transverse (at right angles to another organ) lip midlobe of this species. Plants reach 5 inches (12.5 cm) in height and carry a single leathery leaf. The flower is about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across. This species is endemic to Papua New Guinea, and grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 1,600 feet (500).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"strong"},{"start":65,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Cadetia transveriloba. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/SCDKwLJ1SEwhw40i_image-genus-cadetia-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":322,"height":424},"id":"SCDKwLJ1SEwhw40i","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia umbellata was named by Charles GaudichaudâBeaupré in 1826 in Voyage autour du Monde, enterpris par Ordre du Roi, ... Execute sur les Corvettes de S.M. lâUranie et la Physicienne... par M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany (Voyage around the World undertaken by Order of the King, ...Executed on the Corvettes of HM Uranie and the Physician...by M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany...) The specific epithet refers to an umbrellaâshaped feature of the plant or flower. The plant gets to 21â2 inches (7 cm) tall. The flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across. \nThis is the most widely distributed species in the genus, and it has been recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, and New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte from sea level up to 1,300 feet (400 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Cadetia umbellata. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/xgOIK5PbRaekGaIr_image-genus-cadetia-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":321,"height":346},"id":"xgOIK5PbRaekGaIr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cadetia wariana was named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the Waria Mountains of New Guinea. Plans reach 2 inches (5 cm) in height and carry a single leathery leaf. The flower is about 1â4 inch (5 mm) across. This species is endemic to Papua New Guinea, the islands of the Torres Strait, and northern Australia. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 650 and 2,600 feet (200â800 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"},{"start":58,"end":105,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Cadetia umbellata. Photograph by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/18D2nEk8eeYuc8tn_image-genus-cadetia-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":321,"height":307},"id":"18D2nEk8eeYuc8tn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments\nMy sincere thanks to Jeff Champion (Bali, Indonesia) and Miguel David De Leon (Philippines) for the use of their pictures to enhance this article.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading\nLavarack P.S., W. Harris W. and G. Stocker. 2000. Dendrobium and its Relatives. Kangaroo Press.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"OâByrne P. 1994. Lowland Orchids of Papua New Guinea. SNP Publishers Pte Ltd","
998spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Schlechter R. 1982. The Orchids of German New Guinea. Translated by R.S. Rogers, H.J. Katz, and J.T. Simmons, edited by D.F. Blaxell, Australian Orchid Foundation, Melbourne.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"de Vogel E.F., J.J. Vermeulen and A. Schuiteman, Orchids of New Guinea. www.orchidsnewguinea.com","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jim Cootes has grown orchids for almost 50 years. He specializes in species orchids of Australia and Asia, particularly those of the Philippines. Mr. Cootes has written three books on Philippines orchid species and has also written countless articles, both scientific and of a more general nature that have been published worldwide. He lives in Sydney, Australia, where he keeps a small collection of orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":439,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"amwtKREAACwAbRmq","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-08-02T20:46:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-08-02T20:46:32+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"df6c53d4-6f8e-46c6-a54e-dd7e3d16e6a8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Part 21: The Genus Cadetia","MetaDescription":"The genus Cadetia was first proposed by Charles GaudichaudâBeaupré in 1826 in Voyage autour du Monde, enterpris par Ordre du Roi, ... Execute sur les Corvettes de S.M. lâUranie et la Physicienne... par M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany (Voyage around the World undertaken by Order of the King, ...Executed on the Corvettes of HM Uranie and the Physician...by M. Louis de Freycinet. Botany...) The generic name honors Cadet de Gassicourt, who was the author of a dictionary of chemical terms.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aky_WRIAACwA1Zna","uid":"ten-essential-tools","url":"/orchids/articles/ten-essential-tools","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aky_WRIAACwA1Zna%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-07-07T08:59:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-07-07T08:59:27+0000","slugs":["ten-essential-tools"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Ten Essential Tools","Author":"Greg Allikas","ArticleDate":"2026-07-01","Summary":"There are other ways to sterilize potting tools, but a propane torch is by far the most convenient.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are other ways to sterilize potting tools, but a propane torch is by far the most convenient. Although your orchids may look disease-free, you only have to cut one virused plant to start the spread throughout your whole collection. Experienced orchid growers sterilize their cutting tools between plants. Passing a blade through the flame for few moments on each side is sufficient to kill any virus.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Disposable, single-edge razor blades are an easy way to maintain sanitation when potting; use them once and discard. They provide a low-cost alternative to repeatedly sterilizing a knife. Always use razor blades with extreme care and limit their use to cutting nothing thicker than a thin leaf (which they often do better than shears). A rhizome is too thick, too tough and too dangerous to attempt cutting with a razor blade; shears are much safer.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A tool for prying orchids out of pots can be any flat, sturdy piece of metal. It should be pointed enough to work between the pot and the medium, but not so sharp as to maim you if you slip. There are times when you may
998need to apply considerable force, such as when repotting that cattleya you should have done two years ago. A dull wood chisel works quite well, as does an oyster knife for small jobs. For a dedicated, all-purpose tool that we like, search online for âsoil knifeâ or âhori hori.â","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/r4NpnhzTGDSK6kS-_image-ten-essential-tools.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1116,"height":916},"id":"r4NpnhzTGDSK6kS-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ties and clips are essential ancillary items to orchid growing and potting. We tie pseudobulbs together to make a neater arrangement when repotting, or we may tie a plant or inflorescence to a stake to stabilize it. Plants can be tied to mounts using almost any material, including monofilament fishing line or old pantyhose cut into strips. A basic selection of fasteners would include plastic ribbon ties, twist ties, telephone wire, plastic âdragonflyâ clips and perhaps some monofilament or twine.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A retired soft toothbrush dipped in a little rubbing alcohol will do an excellent job of removing dried sheaths. In doing so, you also kill any insect pests that may be present. Always scrub softly and use special care when scrubbing around new leads and root tips; these parts are very fragile and damaging them can set the plant back.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Linemanâs pliers are a multipurpose tool for the orchid grower; they can cut through wire hangers or bend a rhizome clip to make it fit tighter. Their substantial weight allows them to be used as a sort of hammer. The angular jaws can enlarge the drainage holes in clay pots with ease or force that tight stake into position.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Help eliminate nameless orchids; always use a nametag. There are labels available in a style to suit almost any use, so keep a selection on hand. Most are plastic; however, aluminum tags are also available for extreme growing conditions, or where permanency is desired. Some provide spaces for bloom and repot information; some are available in colors so that you can code certain plants. Most simply slip into the pot while others tie on with wire or loops.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Over time, ink from nearly all felttip markers will fade under greenhouse conditions. For plastic name tags a graphite pencil is the only permanent solution.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Garden shears are indispensable to orchid growers. When repotting we use them to cut away old roots, dead leaves and anything else that needs cutting. Shears can be found in different styles but usually have straight âneedle-noseâ blades or curved blades. The straight blades are perfect for getting into tight areas to cut away old roots, whereas the curved blades will cut through thick rhizomes more easily. Itâs a good idea to have several styles on the potting bench. Having several pairs also allows you continue working without having to stop between each plant to sterilize tools. A pair of utility scissors is also useful during a potting session to cut thin leaves and roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bamboo and steel straight stakes can be inserted into the potting medium to provide additional support for a newly potted orchid. Ring stakes that fit around the whole plant are available as well as styles that slip over the edge of a clay pot. Stakes are essential to support the inflorescence of an orchid so that it displays in a more attractive fashion.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Greg Allikas.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aj5OLBEAACgAdbDm","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-07-01T18:03:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-07-01T18:03:32+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"df6c53d4-6f8e-46c6-a54e-dd7e3d16e6a8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Ten Essential Tools","MetaDescription":"There are other ways to sterilize potting tools, but a propane torch is by far the most convenient.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aky84xIAAC0A1ZRh","uid":"give-us-air","url":"/orchids/articles/give-us-air","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aky84xIAAC0A1ZRh%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-07-07T08:59:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-07-07T08:59:27+0000","slugs":["give-us-air"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ_v095n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aj5OZlbRV8_Qf6PZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Give us Air!","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-07-01","Summary":"The importance of fresh air to orchids is possibly the least appreciated aspect of growing orchids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"The importance of fresh air to orchids is possibly the least appreciated aspect of growing orchids. All the orchid books tell you to ensure there is air movement around your orchids. For years, I kept adding fans to my growing area, thinking I was satisfying this basic requirement. But orchids do not want recirculated stale air; they want to be bathed in fresh air, particularly the wafting breezes they get when they are outdoors.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first time Ruben Sauleda of Ruben in Orchids talked to our orchid club, we talked about how I could improve my orchid growing. At that time, we had the traditional greenhouse with a wet wall at one end, exhaust fans at the opposite end, and polypropylene covering all the other surfaces. Ruben took one look at the greenhouse and said, âRip out the water wall and replace the side wall with stucco metal lath, keep the vents open at either end of the greenhouse and open the top vent.â This allowed free movement of air throughout the greenhouse during the growing season. A retractable curtain closes off the stucco metal lath during cold weather, but otherwise, the plants are always bathed in fresh air. That was the year the greenhouse exploded with new growth and an incredible display of blooms.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] If you can find a suitable location outdoors to grow your orchids during the warm season, they will grow like mad and you will be rewarded with a plethora of flowers during their blooming season","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fHkOowzu8L5IvfPv_image-give-us-air.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1336,"height":882},"id":"fHkOowzu8L5IvfPv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I struggled trying to grow vandas in the hoop house covered with greenhouse film with doors at either end. When Rafael Romero of Plantio La Orquidea looked at our growing setup, he told us to rip out the film on the side wall and replace it with stucco metal lath, and a retractable curtain. Voilà , the vandas bloomed freely, and the incidence of leaf spotting and rots was greatly diminished. During the summer growing season, the vandas are now all moved out into summer shade structures that allow free air movement on all four sides. The vandas grow like weeds in the fresh breezes.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This demand for fresh air makes sense if you think about how many orchids evolved from understory terrestrials to epiphytes. Many types of orchids left the forest floor to grow high in the canopy on the trunks or branches of tall forest trees, where more light was available and where winds were stronger than on the ground.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Grow your orchids on a screened porch, under a pergola, in a shade house, on a fence, under a tree, hanging from shepherd hooks or anywhere where they will receive copious quantities of fresh air along with the proper light and water during the growing season.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/SzhUDKj7ul_502i0_image-give-us-air-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1694,"height":1134},"id":"SzhUDKj7ul_502i0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wafting breezes offer many benefits to your orchids:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Fresh moving air improves gas exchange through leaf pores and around the rhizomes and roots, a process that is required for the plantâs metabolic processes.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Fresh moving air cools the leaves during warm weather when high light and high temperatures could otherwise cause the plant to overheat and restrict its metabolic processes and possibly result in leaf sunburn.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Fresh moving air helps distribute warm and cold air, so extremes in air temperature will not harm the vegetation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Fresh moving air helps dry excess moisture from the leaves, so bacteria and fungi will not proliferate. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] This pergola has a polypropylene roof and shadecloth covering so the amount of rainfall and light can be controlled. Stanhopeas grow under the shadier center of the structure with laelias and laeliocattleyas that need higher light growing on the bright edges, along with a smattering of tillandsias","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/DDzZJ3y0XDAa_bjf_image-give-us-air-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1690,"height":1180},"id":"DDzZJ3y0XDAa_bjf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Of course, air movement and humidity must be in balance. In a low-humidity environment, excess air movement will cause more evaporation and possibly result in dehydration. In a high-humidity environment, air movement is a must to prevent orchid disease problems.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"During the cooler months, your orchids are probably in their winter homes inside. You can group your plants on humidity trays filled with pebbles to hold extra water after watering and provide some humidity around the plants. A fan blowing a gentle breeze around your plants is good. When the temperature is right, you can open a window by your plants and let them get a taste of the fresh air they crave.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] The stanhopeas in particular enjoy fresh air. When growing them in the greenhouse they were prone to leaf spotting and the plants just did not look happy. Some members in my orchid club had much better looking plants than I and they were growing them outside under trees, so the stanhopeas were all moved under the pergola. This Stanhopea tigr
998ina showed its appreciation that year. The stick bug seemed to like it too!","spans":[{"start":333,"end":350,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/099iy3CUYTkv2FXs_image-give-us-air-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1120,"height":816},"id":"099iy3CUYTkv2FXs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When warm weather returns, try to find a location outdoors where your orchids can get loads of fresh air. A screened porch is great, particularly for Phalaenopsis that want shadier conditions and a covered roof where water will not accumulate in the crown of the plant, causing rot. Hanging your orchids under a tree where they will receive dappled light and fresh breezes 24 hours a day will result in an incredible summer growth surge, particularly if you ramp up your watering and fertilizing schedules to match the increased plant vigor.","spans":[{"start":150,"end":162,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Proper air movement is just as important to your orchid as providing the proper amount of water and light to your plant. It is also the least appreciated aspect of orchid growing. If you struggle with fungal and bacterial problems on your plants, you can apply chemicals to treat the symptoms. However, in many instances, proper air movement would have prevented the problem from arising in the first place.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":403,"type":"em"},{"start":380,"end":401,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aj5OLBEAACgAdbDm","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-07-01T18:03:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-07-01T18:03:32+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"df6c53d4-6f8e-46c6-a54e-dd7e3d16e6a8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Give us Air!","MetaDescription":"The importance of fresh air to orchids is possibly the least appreciated aspect of growing orchids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aiLyqBEAACwAJ479","uid":"dendrobium-section-aporum","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-section-aporum","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aiLyqBEAACwAJ479%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-06-06T03:04:20+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-06-06T03:04:20+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-section-aporum"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium section Aporum","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2026-06-01","Summary":"Carl Blume proposed this as a genus in 1825, in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Contributions to the Flora of the Dutch Indies).","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Carl Blume proposed this as a genus in 1825, in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Contributions to the Flora of the Dutch Indies). The group is currently accepted as a section of the expanded Dendrobium, although many still consider it distinct. The name refers to the resemblance of some of the species to members of the genus Aloe. The type species for the genus was Aporum lobatum Blume (now Den. lobatum (Blume) Miq.). These species can easily be separated from other sections of Dendrobium by several features: the habit of the foliage of the plant, which is mainly succulent and remains permanently on the plant; in some species, the flowers appear in clusters at the end of a lengthened stem, or they can a
998ppear singly or in pairs.","spans":[{"start":48,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":205,"end":215,"type":"em"},{"start":382,"end":402,"type":"em"},{"start":408,"end":420,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM ALOIFOLIUM \nCarl Blume first named this species in 1825 as a Macrostomium aloifolium. Reichenbach filius transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1861 and then by Friedrich Brieger to the genus Aporum in 1981, in Die Orchideen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung (The Orchids: Their Description, Culture and Breeding). The specific epithet refers to the foliage, which resembles some Aloe species. Plants reach lengths of 1 foot (30 cm). Flowers appear from along the stem and are about 3/16 of an inch (4 mm) in diameter. The floral segments reflex. This species is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 2,000 feet (600 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":95,"type":"em"},{"start":144,"end":154,"type":"em"},{"start":226,"end":278,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM BILOBULATUM \nGunnar Seidenfaden first named this species in 1985. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003, in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet refers to the bilobed labellum. Plants can reach 18 inches (45 cm) in height. Flowers are 3â8 (1 cm) across and appear singly. This species is only known from southern Thailand and Vietnam. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of around 3,000 feet (910 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":122,"end":128,"type":"em"},{"start":141,"end":148,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Dendrobium bilobulatum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK7weQX7-eW70A_image-dendrobium-aporum-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":788,"height":1078},"id":"aiOK7weQX7-eW70A","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Dendrobium aloifolium; upper insert of a pure white form by Jim Cootes; lower insert by Ronny Boos.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK8AeQX7-eW70B_image-dendrobium-aporum-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":918,"height":666},"id":"aiOK8AeQX7-eW70B","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CUNEATUM \nRudolf Schlechter first named this species in 1906. Stephan Rauschert transferred it to the genus Aporum in 1983 in Feddes Repertorium (Feddeâs Repertory). The specific epithet may refer to the lateral sepals. Plants reach 2 feet (60 cm) in height. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across and appear in pairs. This species is only known from the Moluccan Islands of Indonesia. It grows as an epiphyte at low elevations.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":125,"type":"em"},{"start":137,"end":155,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dendrobium cuneatum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK8QeQX7-eW70C_image-dendrobium-aporum-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":922,"height":1030},"id":"aiOK8QeQX7-eW70C","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CURVIFLORUM \nRobert Rolfe first named this species in 1895. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet may refer to the curved spur. Plants reach about 1 foot tall (30 cm). Flowers are 11â4 inches (3 cm) across. This species is only known from Myanmar. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 4,000 feet (1,200 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":116,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":134,"end":141,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Dendrobium curviflorum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK8QeQX7-eW70D_image-dendrobium-aporum-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":744,"height":958},"id":"aiOK8QeQX7-eW70D","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM DISTICHUM \nKarel Presl first named this species as a Schizmoceras in 1827. Stephan Rauschert transferred it to the genus Aporum in 1983 in Feddes Repertorium (Feddeâs Repertory). The specific epithet refers to the arrangement of the leaves. Plants can reach 16 inches (40 cm) in length. Flowers appear from the tip of the stem in clusters and are about 1â4 inch (6 mm) in diameter. There is a form of this species without the red striping named f. pallidum. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 3,000 feet (910 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":76,"type":"em"},{"start":132,"end":138,"type":"em"},{"start":150,"end":168,"type":"em"},{"start":459,"end":467,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] A pure yellow-green form of Dendrobium distichum.","spans":[{"start":32,"end":52,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK8geQX7-eW70E_image-dendrobium-aporum-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":918,"height":648},"id":"aiOK8geQX7-eW70E","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] A red-striped form of Dendrobium distichum.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK8weQX7-eW70F_image-dendrobium-aporum-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":928,"height":874},"id":"aiOK8weQX7-eW70F","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] When the flower base color is white, red-striped forms can be stunning.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK9AeQX7-eW70G_image-dendrobium-aporum-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":454,"height":568},"id":"aiOK9AeQX7-eW70G","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM KEITHII \nHenry Ridley first named this species in 1896. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet honors a Dr. Keith, who found the specimens used for the first description. Plants reach 16 inches (40 cm) in length. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across and appear from the leaf axils. This species is endemic to Thailand. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 3,000 feet (910 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":112,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dendrobium keithii; close-up inset by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK9QeQX7-eW70H_image-dendrobium-aporum-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":924,"height":964},"id":"aiOK9QeQX7-eW70H","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LEONI\nS John Lindley named this species in 1840 in Edwardsâs Botanical Register. Reichenbach filius transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1861. The specific epithet alludes to the flowerâs appearance of a lion with its mouth open! Plants are up to 10 inches (25 cm) tall. Flowers are up to 3â4 of an inch (2 cm) across. This species is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 4,750 feet (1,450 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":62,"end":90,"type":"em"},{"start":139,"end":149,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Dendrobium leonis","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK9geQX7-eW70I_image-dendrobium-aporum-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":464,"height":582},"id":"aiOK9geQX7-eW70I","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LOBATUM \nCarl Blume named this species in 1825 in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Contributions to the Flora of the Dutch Indies) and transferred to Dendrobium in 1859. The specific epithet refers to the lobes of the labellum. Plants are up to 40 inches (1 m) in length. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across and appear along the stem. This species has been recorded from Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Malaysia. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 2,450 feet (750 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":61,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":175,"end":185,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Dendrobium lobatum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK9weQX7-eW70J_image-dendrobium-aporum-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":456,"height":516},"id":"aiOK9weQX7-eW70J","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LOBULATUM \nRobert Rolfe and Johannes J. Smith first named this species in 1905. Friedrich Brieger transferred it to the genus Aporum in 1981 in Die Orchideen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung (The Orchids: Their Description, Culture and Breeding). The specific epithet may refer to the lobes of the labellum. Plants are about 18 inches (45 cm) tall. Flowers are about 1â4 inch (6 mm) across. This species is found in Borneo, Java and Sumatra. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 1,650 and 3,300 feet (500â1,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":137,"end":143,"type":"em"},{"start":155,"end":207,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Dendrobium lobulatum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK-AeQX7-eW70K_image-dendrobium-aporum-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":458,"height":514},"id":"aiOK-AeQX7-eW70K","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LUNATUM \nJohn Lindley first named this species in 1858. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet refers to the half-moon-shaped labellum. Plants can reach 1 foot (30 cm) in length. Flowers are about 1â4 inch (6 mm) across. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 1,650 feet (500 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":112,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Dendrobium lunatum; left inset of a much paler form; right inset by Ronny Boos clearly shows the half-moon shape of the labellum midlobe.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK-QeQX7-eW70L_image-dendrobium-aporum-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":916,"height":678},"id":"aiOK-QeQX7-eW70L","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM MARIVELENSE \nOakes Ames first named this species as a Dendrobium in 1908. Stephan Rauschert transferred it to the genus Aporum in 1983 in Feddes Repertorium (Feddeâs Repertory). The specific epithet refers to Mount Mariveles, in Bataan province, Luzon, the Philippines. Plants reach 10 inches (25 cm) in height. Flowers appear singly and are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) across. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 3,000 feet (950 m). ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":131,"end":137,"type":"em"},{"start":149,"end":167,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Dendrobium marivelense","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK-geQX7-eW70M_image-dendrobium-aporum-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":922,"height":622},"id":"aiOK-geQX7-eW70M","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM MERRILLII\nOakes Ames first named this species as a Dendrobium in 1908. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet honors Dr. Elmer D. Merrill, a botanist with the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture. Plants reach 18 inches (50 cm) in length. Flowers are about 1â4 inch (6 mm) across. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 1,200 feet (360 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":62,"end":72,"type":"em"},{"start":127,"end":133,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":152,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Dendrobium merrillii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK-weQX7-eW70N_image-dendrobium-aporum-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":456,"height":422},"id":"aiOK-weQX7-eW70N","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM MINDANAENSE\nOakes Ames first named this species as a Dendrobium in 1913. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet refers to the second largest island in the Philippine archipelago, Mindanao. Plants reach 18 inches (50 cm) in length. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at low elevations.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":74,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":135,"type":"em"},{"start":147,"end":154,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Dendrobium mindanaense","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK_QeQX7-eW70O_image-dendrobium-aporum-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":458,"height":420},"id":"aiOK_QeQX7-eW70O","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM NATHANIELIS \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach f. first named this species in 1857. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet honors Nathaniel Wallich, collector of the first plants described. Plants reach 10 inches (25 cm) in length. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across and are produced in clusters. This species is found in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 600 feet (180 m).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":131,"end":137,"type":"em"},{"start":149,"end":156,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Dendrobium nathanielis","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK_geQX7-eW70P_image-dendrobium-aporum-16.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":458,"height":416},"id":"aiOK_geQX7-eW70P","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM UNCATUM \nJohn Lindley first named this species in 1858. Friedrich Brieger transferred it to the genus Aporum in 1981 in Die Orchideen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung (The Orchids: Their Description, Culture and Breeding). The specific epithet refers to a feature of the foliage. Plants reach 10 inches (25 cm) in length. Flowers are about 3â4 of an inch (2 cm) across. This species is found in Java and Borneo. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 650 and 4,600 feet (200â1,400 m).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":120,"type":"em"},{"start":132,"end":185,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Dendrobium uncatum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK_weQX7-eW70Q_image-dendrobium-aporum-17.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":460,"height":556},"id":"aiOK_weQX7-eW70Q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM WENZELII \nOakes Ames first named this species as a Dendrobium in 1915. Mark A. Clements transferred it to the genus Aporum in 2003 in Telopea (the scientific journal of the New South Wales [Australia] Herbarium). The specific epithet honors the collector of the first plants, Mr. C.A. Wenzel. Plants reach 4 inches (10 cm) in height. Flowers are about 3â8 inch (1 cm) across and appear from orange bracts at the apex of the plant. This species is endemic to the Philippines. It grows as an epiphyte at low elevations.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":62,"end":72,"type":"em"},{"start":127,"end":133,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":152,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18â19] Two color forms of Dendrobium wenzelii.","spans":[{"start":27,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOK_weQX7-eW70R_image-dendrobium-aporum-18.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":454,"height":414},"id":"aiOK_weQX7-eW70R","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiOLAAeQX7-eW70S_image-dendrobium-aporum-19.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":454,"height":554},"id":"aiOLAAeQX7-eW70S","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nAcknowledgements\nMy sincere thanks to Ronny Boos (Philippines), Jeff Champion (Bali, Indonesia), Ben Mabanta (Philippines), Dr. John Martyr (Philippines) and Ravan Schneider (Germany) for the use of their pictures to help enhance this article.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":18,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading\nBaker M.L. and C.O. Baker. 1996. Orchid Species Culture Dendrobium. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"},{"start":16,"end":115,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lavarack P.S., W. Harris and G. Stocker. 2000. Dendrobium and its Relatives. Kangaroo Press, Nashville,Tennessee.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jim Cootes has grown orchids for almost 50 years. He specializes in species orchids of Australia and Asia, particularly those of the Philippines. Mr. Cootes has written three books on Philippines orchid species and has also written countless articles, both scientific and of a more general nature that have been published worldwide. He lives in Sydney, Australia, where he keeps a
998small collection of orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":439,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ahjZJhIAACwAXXD0","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-05-29T16:44:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-05-29T16:44:55+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"2147a3ec-c185-4a93-bea9-9686685470fe","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Dendrobium section Aporum","MetaDescription":"Carl Blume proposed this as a genus in 1825, in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Contributions to the Flora of the Dutch Indies).","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aiLkrBEAACsAJ3Gz","uid":"root-rot-caused-by-rhizoctonia","url":"/orchids/articles/root-rot-caused-by-rhizoctonia","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aiLkrBEAACsAJ3Gz%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-06-05T15:29:59+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-06-05T15:29:59+0000","slugs":["root-rot-caused-by-rhizoctonia"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw_v095n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ahjaVgeQX7-eWahw","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia","Author":"Sue Bottom / Photograph by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-06-01","Summary":"The fungal disease Rhizoctonia solani slowly travels through the plant and can move up the lower part of the pseudobulb. If not controlled, the disease causes brown rot and eventually kills the plant.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"When Dr. Courtney Hackney gave a presentation to our club, he showed a picture of a cattleya with a darkening pseudobulb and said it was due to a pathogenic rhizoctonia infection, and then asked if others had ever experienced this problem. In the picture he showed, the disease looked like black rot, but when Courtney said the tissue was hard rather than soft like it would be if it were black rot, I thought of some recent mortalities in my greenhouse.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The fungal disease Rhizoctonia solani slowly travels through the plant and can move up the lower part of the pseudobulb. If not controlled, the disease causes brown rot and eventually kills the plant.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpVQeQX7-eW5O3_image-root-rot.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":762,"height":1058},"id":"aiLpVQeQX7-eW5O3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Time for a little research. You wonât find much written about rhizoctonia and orchids. Rebecca Northenâs classic Home Orchid Growing (1990) contains a passing reference to this disease, stating âThe brown mycelium infects the roots and progresses through the rhizome and the lower parts of the pseudobulbs.â Margaret and Charles Bakerâs Orchid Species Culture (2006) series has an appendix dealing with orchid growing problems that contains a wealth of information and is very helpful in diagnosing problems. They describe Rhizoctonia solani as primarily a root disease, though the symptoms typically are first noticed on the aerial parts of the plant, which are shriveled, twisted and generally dehydrated, similar to what you would see if the plant were infected with fusarium. I then turned to William Cullinaâs Understanding Orchids (2004) and looked at his pictures of a plant infected with rhizoctonia and had that âahaâ moment. So thatâs whatâs been happening in the greenhouse!","spans":[{"start":113,"end":132,"type":"em"},{"start":337,"end":359,"type":"em"},{"start":523,"end":541,"type":"em"},{"start":815,"end":836,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] This plant has a very severe case of rhizoctonia root rot, so advanced that there was no hope of saving it. The earlier symptoms of rhizoctonia are similar to those caused by fusarium. The leaves and pseudobulbs become yellow, shriveled, thin and may become twisted.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpVgeQX7-eW5O6_image-root-rot-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":896,"he
998ight":422},"id":"aiLpVgeQX7-eW5O6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] You may think the damage from rhizoctonia root rot and black rot is similar, but there are many differences. This plant is infected by rhizoctonia, a slowly moving fungal disease that travels from the back toward the front of the plant and can move up the pseudobulbs causing brown rot, although the pseudobulbs are relatively hard and ultimately shrivel into papery husks.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpVweQX7-eW5O8_image-root-rot-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":896,"height":520},"id":"aiLpVweQX7-eW5O8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Luckily that was the day Terry and Courtney went out fishing, so I knew the Good Doctor would be making a house call. I took off my blinders and inspected each plant on the greenhouse benches and pulled any that looked unhappy, shriveled as if dehydrated and wobbly in the pot. I arranged them on the table from the least to the most sickly and waited for the fishermenâI mean the professor and the photographerâto return. There were about a dozen cases of infected plants. Most required severe pruning and fresh potting mix, though there were a few that were so far gone they had to be discarded.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] This is a black rot infection, a very fast moving disease caused by water molds. The pseudobulbs darken and collapse in a matter of days and the plant will die unless immediate action is taken.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpWAeQX7-eW5O-_image-root-rot-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":898,"height":498},"id":"aiLpWAeQX7-eW5O-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4-5] An infected plant is very wobbly in the pot [4] and if you lift it out of the pot [5], youâll see that the roots are dead starting at the oldest growth. The only live roots are those that are outside of the pot and potting mix. Severely degraded organic potting mixes can cause the roots to rot, but rhizoctonia populations can also build up in inorganic mixes or organic mixes that are relatively fresh.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpWQeQX7-eW5PA_image-root-rot-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":896,"height":754},"id":"aiLpWQeQX7-eW5PA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpWgeQX7-eW5PB_image-root-rot-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":892,"height":756},"id":"aiLpWgeQX7-eW5PB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Unlike the fast-moving black rot caused by Pythium and Phytophthora, the brown rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani causes a gradual deterioration of mature plants as the roots rot. Plants that are overwatered or that are in decomposing mix are especially vulnerable to this brown rot. The rot tends to occur in the oldest part of the plant and moves slowly through the rhizome toward the younger part of the plant. Eventually, you might notice a brown discoloration line creeping up the pseudobulbs that will eventually turn entirely brown, wither and die. Seedlings and compots can be killed quickly and the disease is called damping off.","spans":[{"start":43,"end":50,"type":"em"},{"start":55,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":93,"end":111,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6-8] You will most often notice the dying backbulbs as the disease progresses through the rhizome to the youngest part of the plant. The solution is to cut away the diseased parts of the plant and repot in fresh mix, applying a protective drench of a suitable fungicide through the potting mix. You can see the dying backbulbs in [6], the rootless back bulbs removed from the pot [7] and the repotted front pseudobulbs in [8].","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpWweQX7-eW5PD_image-root-rot-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":896,"he
998ight":546},"id":"aiLpWweQX7-eW5PD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpXAeQX7-eW5PE_image-root-rot-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":896,"height":536},"id":"aiLpXAeQX7-eW5PE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aiLpXQeQX7-eW5PG_image-root-rot-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":898,"height":548},"id":"aiLpXQeQX7-eW5PG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When you find a plant that looks dehydrated, whose pseudobulbs are shriveled and yellowing or whose normally fat leaves are thin and limp, you know itâs time to knock it out of the pot and check the roots. It is possible that you have overwatered and drowned the roots, particularly if the plant was potted in a water-retentive mix. The potting mix could be degraded which caused the roots to rot or the roots may have rotted because the rhizoctonia fungal population has exploded. Your solution is the same in either case: repot in fresh mix and then drench the potting mix with a protective fungicide, such as a relatively affordable fungicide containing the active ingredient thiophanate methyl (e.g., Clearyâs 3336, Thiomyl or Banrot). There are other more expensive fungicides that are also labeled for rhizoctonia control such as those containing the active ingredients pyraclostrobin (Empress), fludioxonil (Medallion), azoxystrobin (Heritage) and Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) (Terrachlor). Keep the plant on the dry side while you are waiting for new roots to form.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Banrot is a great dual-action fungicide for orchids because it treats both leaf-spotting fungi and the more troublesome water molds that cause black rot (Pythium and Phytophthora species) and fungi that cause fusarium wilt (Fusarium species) and root or rhizome rot (Rhizoctonia solani and other pathogenic species). Banrot is a mixture of the active ingredients etridiazole (marketed as Truban) and thiophanate methyl (marketed as Clearyâs 3336 or Thiomyl). You can find it online or at a specialty horticultural outlet at a cost of about $90 for a 2-pound (0.9 kg) bag. At a dilution rate of 1 teaspoon per gallon (5 ml/3.785 L), one 2-pound (0.9 kg) bag will make 280 gallons (1,060 L) of Banrot solution. You can easily share the package four ways with friends so that for about $23 you can each make 70 gallons (265 L) of treatment solution. Once you have added Banrot to your arsenal, you will find many uses for it, both to treat problems and to prevent them from arising. For the last several years I have applied a Banrot drench to each pot after repotting and have reduced the mortality rate of repotted plants to virtually nothing.","spans":[{"start":154,"end":161,"type":"em"},{"start":166,"end":178,"type":"em"},{"start":224,"end":232,"type":"em"},{"start":267,"end":285,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another preventative method is to use one of the biofungicides after repotting and as a periodic preventative drench. Products containing the microorganisms Trichoderma harzianum (Plant Shield, Root Shield, etc.) or Bacillus subtilis (Cease, Companion, Serenade, etc.) may be antagonistic to the harmful Rhizoctonia solani, making the plants more resistant to harmful fungi. This year Iâm experimenting with one of the biofungicides; report to follow.","spans":[{"start":157,"end":178,"type":"em"},{"start":216,"end":234,"type":"em"},{"start":304,"end":322,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The hardest part of solving a problem in your growing area is recognizing the fact that you have a problem in your growing area. It is so easy to preferentially focus on those plants that are growing vigorously and blooming like mad that you donât even recognize that you are selectively ignoring the problem children. Some plants may be overdue for repotting and some may just be genetic weaklings that are more susceptible to disease problems because of their lack of growing vigor. Make it a habit to stroll through your growing area once a week looking only for plants that are wilted or just donât look happy. Check to see if they are wobbly in the pot. If so, move them to your repotting bench and get to work. Cut out the infected tissue, water-blast the plant from top to bottom and repot into fresh mix (or just drop it into a pot with no mix). Then pour a solution of the protective fungicide of your choice through the pot. You may want to move the plant into your critical care area so you can retreat with fungicide in a week or two and monitor its return to health, which will begin when it starts to grow new roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Baker, M.L. and C.O. Baker. 2006. Orchid Species Culture Oncidium/Odontoglossum Alliance. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. p. 953.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":129,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cullina, W. 2004. Understanding Orchids. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. p. 92. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Northen, R.T. 1990. Home Orchid Growing. Simon \u0026 Schuster, New York. p. 317.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":403,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ahjZJhIAACwAXXD0","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-05-29T16:44:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-05-29T16:44:55+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"2147a3ec-c185-4a93-bea9-9686685470fe","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia","MetaDescription":"The fungal disease Rhizoctonia solani slowly travels through the plant and can move up the lower part of the pseudobulb. If not controlled, the disease causes brown rot and eventually kills the plant.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"afnhXBIAACQAfytl","uid":"keeping-track-of-a-multi-genus-collection","url":"/orchids/articles/keeping-track-of-a-multi-genus-collection","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22afnhXBIAACQAfytl%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-05-18T16:11:21+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-05-18T16:11:21+0000","slugs":["keeping-track-of-a-multi-genus-collection"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Keeping Track of a Multi-Genus Collection","Author":"Jan Teitsworth","ArticleDate":"2026-05-01","Summary":"I am no different than any other orchid grower and have certainly killed my share of orchid plants.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"I am no different than any other orchid grower and have certainly killed my share of orchid plants. Attempting to grow orchids and bromeliads in less-than- ideal conditions, with fluorescent tube light bulbs and moving several times in my youth, was not a recipe for success. In my 50 years of orchid growing, I have had to adapt; keeping detailed records of cultural requirements was key to a better outcome.\n\n[1] Trichocentrum splendidum grows well in my greenhouse as long as I keep it dry during the cold winter months.","spans":[{"start":415,"end":439,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgEaYofJOwHT1r_keeping1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":219,"height":162},"id":"agqgEaYofJOwHT1r","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nIn 1990, my wife and I finally moved into our âforever home,â and in 2008, added a 16-foot à 9-foot (4.8 à 2.7 m) lean-to greenhouse. This greenhouse and two terrariums house over 200 orchids in 66 natural and hybrid genera! With a good southeast exposure, I can keep my southeastern Pennsylvania greenhouse with twin-wall polycarbonate glazing and baseboard hot-water heat, warm enough in the winter to grow mostly âintermediate temperatureâ (~ 55â85 F [13â30 C]) orchids. My research indicated that I would have more choices in orchid genera than if I had chosen the warmer or cooler growing genera. However, even the typically warmer-growing Trichocentrum splendidum flowers in my intermediate greenhouse. A Schoenorchis fragrans, however, does better in the year-round warmer temperature of my large terrarium.\n\n[2] Schoenorchis fragrans â One of only 25 species in this genus, grows well in low light and constant temperature in a large terrarium.","spans":[{"start":646,"end":670,"type":"em"},{"start":712,"end":733,"type":"em"},{"start":821,"end":842,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgEKYofJOwHT1q_keeping2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":220,"height":163},"id":"agqgEKYofJOwHT1q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nAs I began building my collection of varied genera with differing cultural requirements, I realized a system to track my plants and their requirements was necessary. I developed what I call a Culture Sheet for each plant and keep them in a binder. The sheet is very self-explanatory and allows me to keep all researched cultural information in one easy-to-read page. The section labeled Special includes special requirements such as âprefers small pots,â or âmuch less water in the winter.â Record is where I jot down bloom dates and when the plant was last repotted. And of course, Native To changes to Parentage for he hybrids.\n\nTaking the binder into the greenhouse is cumbersome and risky if the misters come on. An Excel spreadsheet listing all my plants solved that problem. The spreadsheet only contains select cultural data for ease of use; I even color-coded some information as a visual aid. The culture sheets still retain the bulk of researched information. A printed Excel spreadsheet is more convenient to carry into the greenhouse, and the data helps with placement of an orchid into the sunnier, or shadier spots, depending on cultural needs. The spreadsheet also comes in handy when I go shopping and cannot remember if I already have a plant that has caught my attention.\n\n[3] Plant Listing","spans":[{"start":389,"end":397,"type":"strong"},{"start":493,"end":500,"type":"strong"},{"start":585,"end":594,"type":"strong"},{"start":606,"end":616,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgD6YofJOwHT1p_keeping3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":448,"height":283},"id":"agqgD6YofJOwHT1p","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nThe Plant List spreadsheet has evolved over the years as I inserted or deleted columns. At one point, I added a tab for winter watering frequency. Later, I adopted colored plant tags to indicate each plantâs watering requirements (Velasco 2024). It has proven to be more efficient than referring to a paper copy.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My Cattlianthe India Rose Sherwood does not get a tag, as most of my cattleyas get the same amount of water. Some growers might prefer to group their plants that require the same watering frequencies.","spans":[{"start":3,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With my collection, temperature and light play the dominant role in where the plant is placed in the greenhouse, and sometimes that does not match the watering requirements for the winter.\n\n[4] Culture Sheet","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgDqYofJOwHT1o_keeping4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":220,"height":307},"id":"agqgDqYofJOwHT1o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nThe latest stop on this journey was a separate tab on my spreadsheet, covering repotting. This list allows me to use the winter months to prepare for the upcoming repotting season. I can inspect","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"a plant, see when it was last repotted, and decide if it is due for repotting. In addition to the âlast bloomed column,â I added a column of when the plant âshould bloomâ if it has not bloomed in some time, or never bloomed for me. This gives me the nudge to investigate why it has not bloomed","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"lately or why it has never bloomed, and what could be done differently.\n\n[5] Repotting Schedule","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgDaYofJOwHT1n_keeping5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":684,"height":382},"id":"agqgDaYofJOwHT1n","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nMost of us gravitate to plants we find attractive or because we can grow and flower them well without much effort. Where is the challenge in that? My multi-genera collection has something blooming almost year-round. Keeping clear records can help any grower, novice to experienced, be more successful in nurturing orchids with different requirements.\n\n\n[6] Cattlianthe India Rose Sherwood purchased from a big-box store as a bare root âplant in a bagâ in 2008 has turned into quite the specimen plant.","spans":[{"start":359,"end":370,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqgDKYofJOwHT1m_keeping6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":451,"height":423},"id":"agqgDKYofJOwHT1m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reference\nVelasco, K. 2024. Organizing Orchid Tags. Orchids 93(9):689.\n\n
998Many thanks to my lovely wife, Denise, and Daniel L. Geiger, who provided editing support.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âJan Edward Teitsworth is a retired health and safety specialist who lives with his wife Denise and dog Maisie in a Philadelphia suburb, and is a member of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society. He has been growing orchids and bromeliads on and off for 50 years.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":269,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Keeping Track of a Multi-Genus Collection","MetaDescription":"I am no different than any other orchid grower and have certainly killed my share of orchid plants.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"acTJVhMAACMAK7Ev","uid":"orchid-championships","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-championships","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22acTJVhMAACMAK7Ev%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-03-27T03:06:15+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-03-27T15:58:57+0000","slugs":["orchid-championships"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9_v095n04coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9_v095n04coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8_v095n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8_v095n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Orchid Championships","Author":"Nile Dusdieker","ArticleDate":"2026-04-01","Summary":"THE season of sports championships is about over: college football finals, Super Bowl and March Madness. Now comes the Orchid Awards Championship for the best awarded orchid in each of the 25 American Orchid Society Special Award Categories from all the 2024 awards given. These are truly global award winners, as several came from international shows with judging sponsored by AOS judging centers. - Feast your eyes!","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"The season of sports championships is about over: college football finals, Super Bowl and March Madness. Now comes the Orchid Awards Championship for the best awarded orchid in each of the 25 American Orchid Society Special Award Categories from all the 2024 awards given. These are truly global award winners, as several came from international shows with judging sponsored by AOS judging centers. Two rounds of voting by judges led to the final selections being referred to the AOS Board of Trustees for their approval. Enjoy the pictures and, where possible, select comments from individual exhibitors. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cycnodes Taiwan Gold âTaiwan Orangeâ FCC-CCE/AOS, Butterworth Prize, Fred Clarke Award and Merritt W. Huntington Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTo5GXnQHGZAZr_Championship-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":912,"height":603},"id":"acVTo5GXnQHGZAZr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This first orchid won a Trifecta of awards: The Butterworth Prize for best orchid culture, The Fred Clarke Catasetinae Alliance Award and The Merritt W. Huntington Award for the outstanding flower awarded a First Class Certificate (FCC): Cycnodes Taiwan Gold âTaiwan Orangeâ FCC-CCE/AOS, November 5, 2024 at the National Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show (Tainan, Taiwan); exhibitor: Kuo-Fu Jian; photographer: Ming Chieh Chuang, sponsored by the Pacific Central Judging Center. The plant had 120 pristine, large, orange-tan flowers on 10 inflorescences. According to Japheth Ko, âKuo-Fu Jian has been growing the plant for many years in his outdoor, covered garden in Taiwan. He grows in sphagnum moss with granular fertilizer, high light, waters twice a week, and even waters during the plantâs dormant period, although less often. The National Cheng-Kung University Orchid Club holds an annual one-day show and seminar with around 200 plants. AOS judging has occurred intermittently since 2018, with some of the prior plants also receiving AOS special awards.â This plant also won Grand Champion of the show â should be a âraceâ to see who wins next!","spans":[{"start":48,"end":66,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":134,"type":"strong"},{"start":142,"end":170,"type":"strong"},{"start":238,"end":247,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Mediocalcar decoratum âWindsweptâs Golden Nuggetsâ CCE/AOS, Ann and Phil Jesup Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":16,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTpJGXnQHGZAZs_Championship-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":904,"height":540},"id":"acVTpJGXnQHGZAZs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Ann and Phil Jesup Botanical Trophy was awarded to the most outstanding orchid species: Mediocalcardecoratum âWindsweptâs Golden Nuggetsâ CCE/AOS, November 9, 2024, at the Niagara Frontier Orchid Society Show (Hamburg, NY), Toronto Judging Center; exhibitor: Windswept in Time Orchids; photographer: Ed Cott. Edgar Stehli commented, âI purchased the plant about 15 years ago from a vendor in Hawaii. The plant was mounted on tree fern, and I had a hard t
998ime keeping it happy, so I set the mounted plant in a bulb-pan with medium bark mix. The plant responded well. The plant was getting ready to bloom in the fall of 2023 and was ready to go to judging at the Great Lakes Judging Center. The weather gods had different plans. We ended up with an ice storm, and the trip was canceled. But good things come to those who wait. The following fall, the plant looked even better and received this award.â Kudos to the members of the judging team who counted all those flowers!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":39,"type":"strong"},{"start":92,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Paphiopedilum Leeanum âMELSâ AM-CCE/AOS, W.W. Wilson Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTpJGXnQHGZAZt_Championship-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":905,"height":486},"id":"acVTpJGXnQHGZAZt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The W.W. Wilson Award is given to the most outstanding example of the Cypripedium Alliance: Paphiopedilum Leeanum âMELSâ CCE/AOS and AM/AOS, November 20, 2024, at the Asociacion Altaverapacense de Orquideologia Show sponsored by the Puerto Rico Judging Center; exhibitor: Edgar Leonel Zanuncini; photographer: Jorge Arnulfo Carlos Sanchez. A marvelous specimen plant from a heritage primary Paphiopedilum hybrid (insigne à spicerianum) first registered in 1884. It was selected Best in Show at Coban, Guatemala. According to Rene Garcia, â(the show) was very well organized, mostly species, and it was set up by genus. The Leeanum was at the foot of three tables full of Paphiopedilum species and hybrids.â What a lovely centerpiece!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":92,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":391,"end":405,"type":"em"},{"start":413,"end":421,"type":"em"},{"start":423,"end":434,"type":"em"},{"start":671,"end":685,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Cattleya Exotic Fireworks âSith Redâ AM/AOS, Masatoshi Miyamoto Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTpZGXnQHGZAZv_Championship-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":911,"height":547},"id":"acVTpZGXnQHGZAZv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Masatoshi Miyamoto Award is for the best of the Cattleya Alliance: Cattleya Exotic Fireworks âSith Redâ AM/AOS, March 16, 2024, at the Springfield Orchid Society Show (Springfield, MO), Mid-America Judging Center; exhibitor: Dean Harrison; photographer: Matthew Nutt. This compact plant was only 6.7 inches (17 cm) tall with five striking flowers on two inflorescences. The plant came from Sunset Valley Orchids in California, known for small, compact cattleyas with vibrant colors. Dean said, âgrowing in Tulsa, Oklahoma is definitely different than growing in California⦠the most important thing to me is, can I reflower? And I have had great luck with their plants!â ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":71,"end":80,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Phalaenopsis bellina âChenâ CCE/AOS, Herbert Hagar Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":17,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTppGXnQHGZAZw_Championship-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":910,"height":646},"id":"acVTppGXnQHGZAZw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Herbert Hager Award is given for the most outstanding Phalaenopsis: Phalaenopsis bellina âChenâ CCE/AOS, November 5, 2024, at the National Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show (Tainan, Taiwan), sponsored by the Pacific Central Judging Center; exhibitor: Min-Hsien Yang; photographer: Ming Chieh Chuang. The exhibitorâs comments translated, âThis plant is (an) original plant, not a mericlone, which I grow for the original owner, Mr. Jin-Hsin Cheng, at my greenhouse. I saw potential for this plant, that if I can keep many leaves on the plant, it should bloom with at least five flowers on an inflorescence. Little did I expect that I could bloom it with 15 flowers (on one branched inflorescence). It bloomed and peaked at the right time for the show. As many good growers have said, itâs not about how well flowers bloom, but how cleverly they bloom!â","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":58,"end":70,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":792,"end":859,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Scaphosepalum rapax âColomboâ CCE/AOS, Carlyle A. Luer Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTp5GXnQHGZAZx_Championship-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":917,"height":580},"id":"acVTp5GXnQHGZAZx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Carlyle A. Luer Award is given to the best of the Pleurothallid Alliance: Scaphosepalum rapax âColomboâ CCE/AOS, August 6, 2024, at the Colombia Exotica (MedellÃn, Colombia), sponsored by the West Palm Beach Judging Center; exhibitor: Colomborquideas Ltda.: photographer: Nicolas Gomez Rios. Juan Felipe Posada (owner and grower) related, âI acquired this plant in October 2013. Since then, it has been on one of the benches of my greenhouse going from one side to the other, without any dividing, as I wanted a big specimen plant to exhibit in different shows⦠The funny story around this plant⦠when I pulled it to take to a show, my wife, Maria Victoria, laughed, wondering why I would take such an âuglyâ thing to exhibit.â Not so my friend!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":78,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Vanda Groveâs Dream âWhisper Ultraviolet Fantasyâ FCC/AOS, Roy T. Fukumura Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTqJGXnQHGZAZy_Championship-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":683,"height":663},"id":"acVTqJGXnQHGZAZy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Roy T. Fukumura Award is given to the most outstanding example of the genus Vanda, and related genera: Vanda Groveâs Dream âWhisper Ultraviolet Fantasyâ FCC/AOS, September 14, 2024, at the Florida North-Central Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Wes and Laura Newton; photographer: Wes Newton. Wes said, âWe purchased the plant from The Orchid Works in Hawaii about a year ago. Laura tends to throw a few vandas into the shopping cart when she is buying bulbophyllums. When it started to spike, we were pretty excited ⦠and Laura said it looks pretty good...letâs take it into judging and see what it gets. One of the judges on the team said that it was the finest V. coerulea hybrid to date. We have since bred this to another of our awarded vandas, hoping that it will pass on some of its fabulous attributes.â","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":80,"end":85,"type":"em"},{"start":107,"end":113,"type":"em"},{"start":532,"end":602,"type":"em"},{"start":662,"end":673,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Miltonia Goodale Moir âGolden Wonderâ CCE/AOS, James and Marie Riopelle Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTqZGXnQHGZAZ0_Championship-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1028,"height":680},"id":"acVTqZGXnQHGZAZ0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The James and Marie Riopelle Award is for the most outstanding example of Miltonia/Miltoniopsis: Miltonia Goodale Moir âGolden Wonderâ CCE/AOS, August 3, 2024, at National Capital Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Sergey and Elena Skoropad; photographer: Sarah Hurdel. Sergey relates, âThis plant was a gift from a fellow AOS judge ⦠a bare root division I planted in a wooden basket in a bark mix⦠the next year this plant doubled in size. Our Miltonia Goodale Moir gets full sun outside in summer and grows under lights during wintertime⦠a fantastic hybrid which can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and is very easy to grow.â ","spans":[{"start":3,"end":34,"type":"strong"},{"start":74,"end":95,"type":"em"},{"start":97,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":446,"end":455,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Oncidium Stipple âHawk Hillâ AM/AOS, Robert B. Dugger Award winner.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTqpGXnQHGZAZ1_Championship-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1032,"height":672},"id":"acVTqpGXnQHGZAZ1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Robert B. Dugger Odontoglossum Award for plants that have parentage that contains an Odontoglossum as defined by the taxonomy in place at the time the award was established (1996): Oncidium Stipple âHawk Hillâ AM/AOS on April 3, 2024, at the California-Sierra Nevada Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Tyler M. Albrecht; photographer: Lynne Murrell. Tylerâs plant was originally from Bob Hamilton. âIt was purely by chance that I ended up with the plant. When visiting the greenhouse⦠this plant was spotted. Bob⦠told me this plant was really something that I should add to my group. Having full faith in Bob, it came home. I bloomed it out and realized that it truly was something quite nice!â Advice from a fellow orchidist is often very worthwhile! ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":41,"type":"strong"},{"start":89,"end":103,"type":"em"},{"start":185,"end":194,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Dendrobium Nagomi 'Punkin \u0026 Miss Kitty' CCE/AOS, Benjamin Kodama Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTq5GXnQHGZAZ2_Championship-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":686,"height":636},"id":"acVTq5GXnQHGZAZ2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Benjamin Kodama Award is given for the most outstanding Dendrobium Alliance: Dendrobium Nagomi âPunkin \u0026 Miss Kittyâ CCE/AOS, April 20, 2024, at Carolinas Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Sarah Patterson;
998 photographer: Jeremy Losaw. About this plant, Sarah said, âI purchased it unbloomed in 2016 (I failed to note exactly whereâ¦. likely at an orchid show). I grow it in Orchiata seedling bark mixed with perlite and cork bits in a very simple orchid tank with bright light, lots of humidity and air movement. It first received an AM/AOS in May 2019. I named it âPunkin \u0026 Miss Kittyâ, memorializing my two beloved cats. Some of my favorites are the orchids which offer a big flower payoff per square inch â this one is a perfect example of just that!â They say cuthbertsonii hybrids are difficult to grow, not for Sarah!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"strong"},{"start":81,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":767,"end":781,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Angraecum longicalcar 'Chadwick' CCE/AOS, Fred Hillerman Award winner. Photograph by Bayard Saraduke.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTrZGXnQHGZAZ5_Championship-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":662,"height":907},"id":"acVTrZGXnQHGZAZ5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Fred Hillerman Award is given for the best of the Angraecoid Alliance: Angraecum longicalcar âChadwickâ CCE/AOS, October 12, 2024, at the Mid-Atlantic Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Chadwick and Son Orchids, Inc.; photographer: Bayard Saraduke. Chadwick Orchids are known for their cattleyas, but Art mentioned, âWe acquired this plant about five years ago from a commercial grower who was going out of business. Purely as an afterthought, a few other ânoveltiesâ were thrown in, including this Angraecum. In 2024, it was no easy task to get this thing to judging with those seven spikes dangling everywhere! We put the plant in the front seat of a van, secured it with a seat belt, and drove very slowly.â Even plants should always wear seatbelts!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"strong"},{"start":75,"end":97,"type":"em"},{"start":503,"end":512,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Lycaste Abou First Spring 'Will' AM/AOS, Benjamin C. Berliner Award winner.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTrJGXnQHGZAZ4_Championship-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":682,"height":469},"id":"acVTrJGXnQHGZAZ4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Benjamin C. Berliner Award is given for the most outstanding Lycaste, Ida, Anguloa and their intergeneric hybrids: Lycaste Abou First Spring âWillâ AM/AOS, February 10, 2024, at the Southern Ontario Orchid Society Show, Toronto Judging Center; exhibitor: Rick Rempel; photographer: Jay Norris. Rick said, âI received the plant as part of a collection from a friend who had rescued the plants from another grower who had passed⦠as is common in such cases, the plants had been neglected for some time and needed a lot of TLC. After a few years of rehab, the plant bloomed in my unheated, unfinished basement that I call my âPleuro Palaceâ⦠all my Pleurothallid Alliance plants plus Den.cuthbertsonii and cooler growing lycastes dwell in that room. It has a plastic vapor barrier, shelving, LED lighting and multiple fans for constant airflow â and it isnât big enough!â Does anyone else have a space problem for their orchids?","spans":[{"start":4,"end":30,"type":"strong"},{"start":65,"end":72,"type":"em"},{"start":74,"end":77,"type":"em"},{"start":79,"end":87,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":127,"type":"em"},{"start":685,"end":703,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Oncostele Dusky Birds âMele Kalikimakaâ AM-CCM/AOS, Milton Carpenter Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTrpGXn
998QHGZAZ6_Championship-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":682,"height":544},"id":"acVTrpGXnQHGZAZ6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Milton Carpenter Intergeneric Oncidiinae Award is presented for the most outstanding intergeneric hybridizing within the Oncidiinae: Oncostele Dusky Birds âMele Kalikimakaâ CCM \u0026 AM/AOS, July 25, 2024, at the Hilo Orchid Society Show, Hawaii Judging Center; exhibitor: Mauna Kea Orchids; photographer: Glen Barfield. James McCully originated and registered this hybrid in 2022 as part of his breeding for fragrant hybrids. âItâs not what I intended to do! I wanted a fragrant, compact, red flower with some white highlights, and instead got a towering windmill of ochre (earth color) with alabaster offsets. It does have a whiff of fruit and honey. It first bloomed near Christmas, thus Mele Kalikimaka (Merry Christmas in Hawaiian).â The picture of the inflorescence does look a bit like a Christmas tree. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":51,"type":"strong"},{"start":137,"end":147,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Cymbidium Darrel Wong âNoisettesâ AM/AOS, Ernest Hetherington Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTr5GXnQHGZAZ9_Championship-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":338,"height":357},"id":"acVTr5GXnQHGZAZ9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Ernest Hetherington Award is given for the most outstanding Cymbidium: Cymbidium Darrel Wong âNoisettesâ AM/AOS, March 16, 2024, at the Pacific Central Judging Center; exhibitor: Pierre Pujol; photographer: Chaunie Langland. Pierre commented, âThis award is âtripleâ rewarding for me: first as the exhibitor and second as the plantâs hybridizer. But it is also a way to recognize the generosity of my good friend, Darrel Wong â I named the plant after him â who gave me the mother plant and, a few years later, the pollen of the other parent to make the cross. Just one flask with 20 seedlings came back from the lab. These seedlings, however, generated four AMs, one HCC, and now this recognition award! Sometimes one is lucky!â ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":29,"type":"strong"},{"start":64,"end":73,"type":"em"},{"start":75,"end":85,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Bulbophyllum macrobulbum âGrand Masterpieceâ FCC/AOS, Bill Thoms Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTsJGXnQHGZAaA_Championship-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":361},"id":"acVTsJGXnQHGZAaA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Bill Thoms Award is given for the most outstanding Bulbophyllinae: Bulbophyllum macrobulbum âGrand Masterpieceâ FCC/AOS, May 3, 2024, at the Platinum Coast Orchid Society Show (Melbourne, FL), Florida North Central Judging Center; exhibitor: Krull-Smith; photographer: Wes Newton. The award described four magnificently full, open, beautifully colored flowers on one inflorescence with a seed capsule on an older inflorescence. Who knows what the future cross will be! Krull-Smith has received numerous AOS Special Awards over the years and will host the AOS Spring Members Meeting this month.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":71,"end":96,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Stanhopea Betty Castillo âLuis Danielâ FCC/AOS, Frank Sr. and Elizabeth Jasen Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTsZGXnQHGZAaC_Championship-16.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":683,"height":443},"id":"acVTsZGXnQHGZAaC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Frank Sr. and Elizabeth Jasen Award is given for the best of the Stanhopeinae: Stanhopea Betty Castillo âLuis Danielâ FCC/AOS, April 11, 2024, at the Asociacion Orquideologica de Cartago (Cartago, Costa Rica), sponsored by the Puerto Rico Judging Center; exhibitor: Luis D. Blanco; photographer: Jorge Enrique Cespedes. This plant had three exceptional, flat, colorful flowers on one 7.9-inch (20 cm), pendulous inflorescence in perfect condition. Also, the photographer captured the essence of the beauty, not an easy task!","
998spans":[{"start":4,"end":40,"type":"strong"},{"start":83,"end":93,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Vanda Pottsyâs Magenta Delight âPottsyâs Rayâs Magenta Delightâ AM/AOS, Fuchâs Family Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":11,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTspGXnQHGZAaD_Championship-17.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":684,"height":433},"id":"acVTspGXnQHGZAaD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Fuchs Family Award is given for the most outstanding Vanda: Vanda Pottsyâs Magenta Delight âPottsyâs Rayâs Magenta Delightâ AM/AOS, April 27, 2024, at the Tulsa Orchid Society Show (Tulsa, OK), Great Plains Judging Center; exhibitor: Ray and Annette Potts; photographer: Bryon Rinke. This is one of two 2024 special awards received by this exhibitor. Eleven round, flat flowers on one inflorescence were magnificent!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"strong"},{"start":57,"end":62,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":70,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] American Orchid Society Gold Certificate âFeeling GOLDEN!â GC-ST/AOS, Walter Off Exhibit Award winner.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTs5GXnQHGZAaE_Championship-18.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":686,"height":418},"id":"acVTs5GXnQHGZAaE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Walter Off Exhibit Award is given to the most outstanding AOS Show Trophy Award, Silver Certificate, Gold Certificate or Educational Award: American Orchid Society Gold Certificate âFeeling GOLDEN!â GC/AOS \u0026 ST/AOS, March 7, 2024, at the Maryland Orchid Society Show (Timonium, MD), National Capital Judging Center; exhibitor: National Capital Orchid Society; photographer: Sarah Hurdel. Jason Gebbia commented on generating the display, âWe worked for the week leading up to the show, exchanging pictures of plants by text, building design mockups, and sharing ideas about staging set-ups. Once we set the large Cymbidium and worked out the facing, we were off. We had the exhibit installed in a little over 3.5 hours. On several occasions, we were holding one member or the other by their belts as we tried to work the final touches, elevating the Epidendrum, working in the rothschildianum, even building props to elevate the yellow phalâs spike.â What a wonderful job. Glad no one fell into the display!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":617,"end":627,"type":"em"},{"start":854,"end":864,"type":"em"},{"start":881,"end":896,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Myrmecocattleya Memoria Louise Fuchs âOrquivalleâ AM/AOS, Paul and Mary Storm Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTtJGXnQHGZAaF_Championship-19.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":342,"height":488},"id":"acVTtJGXnQHGZAaF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Paul and Mary Storm Award is given to the most outstanding example of a hybrid with at least one valid Myrmecophila species or a former Schomburgkia species now classified in the genus Laelia: Myrmecocattleya Memoria Louise Fuchs âOrquivalleâ AM/AOS, October 24, 2024, at the Asociacion Vallecaucana de Orquideologia Show (Cali, Colombia), sponsored by the West Palm Beach Judging Center; exhibitor: Orquideas Del Valle; photographer: Juan Carlos Uribe. Andrea Niessen said, âWe first met the late Paul Storm at one of the earliest orchid shows we attended in the USA, held in 1997 at Quail Gardens in San Diego. Over the years, we exchanged many Schomburgkia species (reclassified as laelias or myrmecophilas) with Paul. At Orquivalle, we grow these using a combination of coarse bark and charc
998oal in the warm greenhouse, where they get 50 percent light, constant air movement and regular water and fertilizer application.â One also needs adequate height in the greenhouse for these bloom spikes!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":30,"type":"strong"},{"start":107,"end":120,"type":"em"},{"start":140,"end":153,"type":"em"},{"start":189,"end":195,"type":"em"},{"start":197,"end":213,"type":"em"},{"start":651,"end":664,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Zygoneria Adelaide Meadows ('Rainbow' x self) AQ/AOS, Martin Motes Orchid Breeder's Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTtZGXnQHGZAaG_Championship-20.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":682,"height":445},"id":"acVTtZGXnQHGZAaG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Martin Motes Orchid Breederâs Award is given to the breeder and exhibitor of the best Award of Quality or Award of Distinction: Zygoneria Adelaide Meadows (âRainbowâ x self) AQ/AOS, February 6, 2024, at Pacific South Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Fred Clarke; photographer: Arnold Gum. Fourteen plants were exhibited and two received AM/AOS awards as well. âThe cultivar rainbow was exceptionally nice and had been in my personal collection for many years. We hadnât seen them available in the marketplace for many years, and so we thought it would be a great idea to self this plant. To our surprise, the average quality of every plant that bloomed was exceptional!â per Fred Clarke.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":39,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Dracula navarroorum 'Salacious Crumb' AM/AOS, Mario and Conni Ferrusi Award winner. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTuJGXnQHGZAaJ_Championship-23.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":657,"height":899},"id":"acVTuJGXnQHGZAaJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Mario and Conni Ferrusi Award is given for the most outstanding example of Masdevallia, Dracula, or Dracuvallia: Dracula navarroorum âSalacious Crumbâ AM/AOS, April 3, 2024, at the California-Sierra Nevada Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Tyler M. Albrecht; photographer: Lynne Murrell. This is Tylerâs second Special Award this year. âThis plant was actually a gift from another fellow judge; his greenhouse was too warm and too dry to try to grow Dracula. As for the cultivar name âSalacious Crumb,â that is a character from Star Wars (the pet Monkey Lizard of Jabba the Hutt). My son and I are very much into Star Wars, and many of my awarded plants are named after characters from the movie series.â The Force is certainly with your orchids!","spans":[{"start":4,"end":33,"type":"strong"},{"start":92,"end":99,"type":"em"},{"start":104,"end":115,"type":"em"},{"start":117,"end":137,"type":"em"},{"start":455,"end":462,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Brassocattleya Gulfshore's Beauty 'Green Gem' AM-CCM/AOS, Renee and Marvin Gerber Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTtpGXnQHGZAaH_Championship-21.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":685,"height":428},"id":"acVTtpGXnQHGZAaH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Reneé and Marvin Gerber Award is given to the most outstanding hybrid with a Brassavola as a parent: Brassocattleya Gulfshoreâs Beauty âGreen Gemâ AMCCM/AOS, October 26, 2024, at the Pacific South Monthly Judging; exhibitor: George Pflaum; photographer: Arnold Gum. George relates, âThis plant certainly likes its home in my lath house located within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the coast in San Diego County. It hangs high in the lath house, so it is exposed to maximum light and heat and grows outside all year roun
998d in our subtropical environment.â","spans":[{"start":4,"end":33,"type":"strong"},{"start":81,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":105,"end":120,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Vandachostylis Lou Sneary 'Pottsy's Lavendar Kisses' CCE/AOS, Deb Bodei Fukiran Award winner.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acVTt5GXnQHGZAaI_Championship-22.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":684,"height":490},"id":"acVTt5GXnQHGZAaI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Deb Bodei Fukiran Award is given for the most outstanding example of Vanda (Neofinetia) falcata or its F1 hybrids: Vandachostylis Lou Sneary âPottsyâs Lavendar Kissesâ CCE/AOS, July 13, 2024, at the Mid-America Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Ray and Annette Potts; photographer: Matthew Nutt. This was a massive plant with 600 flowers and 250 buds on 40 inflorescences. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"strong"},{"start":73,"end":79,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":90,"type":"em"},{"start":92,"end":100,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":134,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"No overtime. No video review of the refereeâs calls. These awarded champions are for real. Thanks to the exhibitors, our wonderful photographers and judges for all their work. Now, on to the 2025 awards for next yearâs âOrchids Madnessâ winners!","spans":[{"start":220,"end":235,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Nile Dusdieker is an accredited judge in the Chicago Center and a member of the AOS editorial board ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":127,"type":"em"},{"start":103,"end":126,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"acGOeBEAACMAev22","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-03-31T15:30:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-04-01T18:29:36+0000","uid":"orchids-april-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"7d350cc3-3524-4483-a861-25c47363b398","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Orchid Championships","MetaDescription":"THE season of sports championships is about over: college football finals, Super Bowl and March Madness. Now comes the Orchid Awards Championship for the best awarded orchid in each of the 25 American Orchid Society Special Award Categories from all the 2024 awards given. These are truly global award winners, as several came from international shows with judging sponsored by AOS judging centers. - Feast your eyes!","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"acS5WBMAACAAK5iV","uid":"for-the-novice","url":"/orchids/articles/for-the-novice","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22acS5WBMAACAAK5iV%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-03-27T03:05:44+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-03-27T15:58:57+0000","slugs":["for-the-novice"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9_v095n04coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9_v095n04coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"acGOqpGXnQHGY3y9","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8_v095n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8_v095n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"acGOqZGXnQHGY3y8","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"For the Novice","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-04-01","Summary":"Repotting Those Huge Cattleyas by Sue Bottom - Seedling cattleyas are so much fun. They do not take up much space in your growing area when you first bring them home, so you can buy lots of them at orchid shows without worrying about where you are going to put them. Then one day your plant is growing out of an 8- or 10-inch (20 or 25 cm) pot, and you start running out of options, and eventually you have to decide to either find a bigger pot or divide the plant","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"SEEDLING CATTLEYAS ARE so much fun. They do not take up much space in your growing area when you first bring them home, so you can buy lots of them at orchid shows without worrying about where you are going to put them. You get to watch each plant grow bigger and stronger and imagine what its first blooms will look like. If you decide the flower was worth the wait, you give it a permanent home in your growing area. When it starts growing out of the pot, you move it into a larger pot and look forward to it producing multiple flower spikes and putting on a real show. Then one day your plant is growing out of an 8- or 10-inch (20- or 25-cm) pot, you start running out of options and eventually you have to decide to either find a bigger pot or divide the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] I got this Cattlianthe (Laeliocattleya) Panipasa âRoyal Satinâ from Bill Tippit when we lived in Houston. It is a cross between Cattlianthe (Laeliocattleya) Adolph Hecker and Cattleya guttata made by Raymond Burr of Sea God Nurseries. This prolific fall bloomer was in a place of honor in a 16-inch (41-cm) pot until it outgrew the pot. It was time to find it a new home(s).","spans":[{"start":15,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":28,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":132,"end":144,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":159,"type":"em"},{"start":179,"end":196,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAUJGXnQHGY-nf_Cattleya-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1003,"height":670},"id":"acTAUJGXnQHGY-nf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I have a serious orchid addiction, so it goes without saying that I am always running out of bench space. A compounding problem is my love of the large standard cattleyas that, not coincidentally, take up a lot of space. I needed a way of potting up my overgrown cattleyas without having one pot turn into two or three or four, so I often pot divisions into the same pot. Spoiler alert: You will be ineligible for AOS cultural awards by having more than one plant in a pot, but if your primary goal is getting the most flowers per square inch (square centimeter) of pot space, read on.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cattleya (Sophrolaeliocattleya) Tuchenbach â an overgrown bifoliate. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":14,"end":34,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(A) This bifoliate cattleya is starting to grow new roots, so it is time to stop neglecting it and start the overdue repotting session.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAc5GXnQHGY-ng_Cattleya-2A.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":637,"height":425},"id":"acTAc5GXnQHGY-ng","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"(B) There are two actively growing leads. Work from the back of the plant to protect the tender young growths. Remove the old tired pseudobulbs. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAdJGXnQHGY-nh_Cattleya-2B.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":426},"id":"acTAdJGXnQHGY-nh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(C) You may have to use a knife to separate the roots attached to the outside of the pot. Make sure the roots are wet and soon theyâre free! ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAdJGXnQHGY-ni_Cattleya-2C.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":421},"id":"acTAdJGXnQHGY-ni","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(D) If this plant is potted as a single piece into this 10-inch (25-cm) pot, the lead on the left will be out of the pot within a year.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAdZGXnQHGY-nj_Cattleya-2D.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":421},"id":"acTAdZGXnQHGY-nj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(E) Cut away the older growths that will never bloom again, and rid the plant of ugly leaf syndrome at the same time.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAdpGXnQHGY-nk_Cattleya-2E.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":423},"id":"acTAdpGXnQHGY-nk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(F) Trimming the second growth is tougher because I left only two pseudobulbs plus the new growth; eliminating ugly leaf syndrome prevailed over leaving the desired three growths. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAd5GXnQHGY-nl_Cattleya-2F.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":636,"height":421},"id":"acTAd5GXnQHGY-nl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(G) Situate the first piece in the pot and splay the roots over a layer of lava rock or other drainage material placed at the bottom of the pot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAeJGXnQHGY-nm_Cattleya-2G.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":638,"height":420},"id":"acTAeJGXnQHGY-nm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(H) Situate the second piece in the pot and spread those roots out, holding both pieces so they will be at the right depth in the pot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAeZGXnQHGY-nn_Cattleya-2H.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":637,"height":424},"id":"acTAeZGXnQHGY-nn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(I) Backfill with your potting mix of choice, making sure the midpoints of the rhi￾zomes are about even with the top of the potting mix.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAe5GXnQHGY-no_Cattleya-2I.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1102,"height":764},"id":"acTAe5GXnQHGY-no","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Before you start, work out a plan for how you are going to repot that huge cattleya. Start the process by finding the youngest growth and working backward until you have counted off 3â5 pseudobulbs; this represents a potential cutting point. If you have the plant growing in several different directions, trace all the growths back from youngest to oldest. Envision how the separate pieces will look in the pot.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Choose the right time to repot, when new root growth is initiating, so your plant will reestablish quickly. Always work from the back of the plant, whether water blasting, pulling off papery sheaths or performing surgery. Work away from the tender new growths so you will not break off a new lead and utter something you might later regret. Once you have made your cuts, orient the growths in their new home without potting medium to get an idea of whether your plan will work, whether additional surgery is necessary, or whether you should break down and put those pieces into more than one pot. Once you have settled on a plan, you can start backfilling and securing the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Rhyncholaeliocattleya (Brassolaeliocattleya) Mahina Yahiro â an overgrown unifoliate. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(A) This unifoliate cattleya needs to be repotted or it will rapidly become too unstable in the pot to supp
998ort its blooms. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAfJGXnQHGY-np_Cattleya-3A.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":813,"height":607},"id":"acTAfJGXnQHGY-np","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(B) The desirable front part of the plant has three new growing leads. Pot up the backbulbs or put them on the raffle table at your club. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAfZGXnQHGY-nq_Cattleya-3B.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":815,"height":604},"id":"acTAfZGXnQHGY-nq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(C) The front half of the plant will fit into an 8-inch (20-cm) pot, but just barely. It will outgrow this pot in a year or two. Either divide it or put it in a 10-inch (25-cm) pot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAfZGXnQHGY-nr_Cattleya-3C.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":817,"height":615},"id":"acTAfZGXnQHGY-nr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(D) The front division can be cut into two pieces and both pieces set in the pot. Here the first piece is oriented in the pot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAf5GXnQHGY-ns_Cattleya-3D.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":510},"id":"acTAf5GXnQHGY-ns","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(E) Situate the second piece in the pot, and while holding both pieces at the proper depth, backfill with your mix of choice.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAgJGXnQHGY-nt_Cattleya-3E.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":680,"height":476},"id":"acTAgJGXnQHGY-nt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(F) Sshh. Purely organic fertilizer is the latest snake oil I am testing, spread on the media of newly potted orchids. Report to follow.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAgJGXnQHGY-nu_Cattleya-3F.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":678,"height":480},"id":"acTAgJGXnQHGY-nu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"How many times have you repotted a cattleya only to find that the leaf on the oldest pseudobulb yellows and dies within a month or two? You say to yourself, âIf I had removed that oldest growth, I would have another inch or two (2â5 cm) in the pot for the plant to grow and added another year before it has to be repotted. When planning how to repot a given orchid, balance the benefit of the food and water stored in that pseudobulb against the negative of how ugly that oldest growth is. Be brutal and cut away the old growths that suffer from ugly plant syndrome. If you end up with a great-looking section of backbulbs with lots of live eyes, either repot it or leave it bareroot on a plant tray and bring it in to the raffle table at your club (bring a picture of the plant for the newbies so they know what they are bidding on). But, if the backbulbs are suffering from ugly plant syndrome, just kiss that part of the plant goodbye.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Several months later. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(A) Sometimes you will find a cattleya that grows radially along the rhizome rather than linearly. Pot these in the center of the pot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAgZGXn
998QHGY-nv_Cattleya-4A.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":916,"height":611},"id":"acTAgZGXnQHGY-nv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(B) I did not do too well with this one when I potted it two months ago. I will be lucky to get a year in the pot before I have to carve it up again.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAgpGXnQHGY-nw_Cattleya-4B.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":917,"height":637},"id":"acTAgpGXnQHGY-nw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(C) This cattleya is recovering nicely from being repotted two months ago. Iâm hoping for blooms on each of the four new leads. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/acTAg5GXnQHGY-nx_Cattleya-4C.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":916,"height":629},"id":"acTAg5GXnQHGY-nx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although the general rule is that you should strive to keep at least three and preferably five pseudobulbs to ensure the plant has enough energy reserves to recover from transplant shock, there are strong, vigorous growers that will recover well even if repotted with fewer growths. I was once given a Myrmecophilabrysiana with a single large pseudobulb and thought, Hmmm, wonder how long this will take to flower? It had a beautiful bloom less than two years later. Each cattleya is different, and not too many of them have ever read the orchid books. Learn to trust your instincts. Do not be afraid to try something different if it feels like it is the right thing to do. ","spans":[{"start":302,"end":323,"type":"em"},{"start":367,"end":414,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":402,"type":"em"},{"start":380,"end":401,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"acGOeBEAACMAev22","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2026-03-31T15:30:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-04-01T18:29:36+0000","uid":"orchids-april-2026","link_type":"Document","key":"12ec4bca-c0bf-4ff4-8e50-1dda7d4cc161","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"For the Novice","MetaDescription":"Repotting Those Huge Cattleyas by Sue Bottom - Seedling cattleyas are so much fun. They do not take up much space in your growing area when you first bring them home, so you can buy lots of them at orchid shows without worrying about where you are going to put them. Then one day your plant is growing out of an 8- or 10-inch (20 or 25 cm) pot, and you start running out of options, and eventually you have to decide to either find a bigger pot or divide the plant.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aaYjvBIAACIAn-Nj","uid":"tree-fern-baskets","url":"/orchids/articles/tree-fern-baskets","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aaYjvBIAACIAn-Nj%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-03-03T00:29:04+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-03-03T03:26:07+0000","slugs":["tree-fern-baskets"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co_v095n03coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co_v095n03coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn_v095n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn_v095n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Tree Fern Baskets","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-03-04","Summary":"Here Sue Bottom introduces growing orchids in tree fern baskets.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"My ORCHID CLUB got a phone call one day. Were we interested in buying an orchid collection? Mary Hollingshead, an orchid grower in Jacksonville, had died unexpectedly. When we went to her greenhouse to look around, we found many healthy plants obviously grown by an experienced orchid grower. We learned a lot just by looking at her plants, realizing she had picked up many tricks on how to best grow her plants with interesting and new (to us) ways of staking and propagating them. She had lots of specimenâsized plants, many growing in tree fern baskets.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âMary Hollingshead grew many different types of orchids in her smallish greenhouse, including many dendrobiums in tree fern baskets.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlQFxvIZEnjQO__TreeFern-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":881,"height":551},"id":"aaYlQFxvIZEnjQO_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TREE FERN POTS Round tree fern pots are carved from the trunk of the giant tree fern found in South America. These pots have excellent drainage and aeration and function both as the growing medium and the container. The pots are typically from 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) in diameter and 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) deep, although larger pots are available. The hollowedâout center of the pot tends to be smallish, maybe less than half the depth and width of the pot. The quality of the tree fern varies from fibrous to dense, so care should be exercised in pot selection. The denser pots will last for many years, but the very fibrous pots probably should be broken into pieces and used as potting medium inside another pot. The smallerâsized pots can normally be found for a few dollars, so they are roughly equivalent in cost to clay orchid pots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2â3]âThis Dendrobium lindleyi, potted in a tree fern basket, was one of Maryâs. It came home with me and has been putting on an annual show every year since 2011. The basket is still in fine shape four years later.","spans":[{"start":11,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlQVxvIZEnjQPA_TreeFern-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":425,"height":333},"id":"aaYlQVxvIZEnjQPA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlQlxvIZEnjQPB_TreeFern-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":421,"height":331},"id":"aaYlQlxvIZEnjQPB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POT, MOUNYT OR BASKET? So many choices! Some people use tree fern baskets as a pot sitting on a horizontal surface so the pot can be brought inside and used as a centerpiece. Some people use them as a vertical mount, inserting a wire Sâhook through the tree fern and tying the plant in place until it becomes established. This is a great way to grow phalaenopsis outdoors because the crown of the plant can be pointed downward, allowing rainwater to drain easily. They make great horizontal baskets that can be suspended with wire hangers. The plants seem to acclimate very quickly to their new homes, and the plant presentation is very attractive.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4â5]âThe Dendrobium and Densiflora (Callista) Section de
998ndrobiums are well suited to tree fern culture, because they love to be grown in seemingly too small pots with almost monsoonal conditions during the growing season, followed bya coolish, dry winter rest before they burst into glorious bloom in the spring. It takes only a few years to grow specimen plants, such as this Dendrobium anosmum [4] or Dendrobium loddigesii [5].","spans":[{"start":10,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":36,"type":"em"},{"start":37,"end":45,"type":"em"},{"start":378,"end":397,"type":"em"},{"start":404,"end":426,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlQ1xvIZEnjQPC_TreeFern-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":422,"height":279},"id":"aaYlQ1xvIZEnjQPC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlRFxvIZEnjQPE_TreeFern-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":421,"height":427},"id":"aaYlRFxvIZEnjQPE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SELECT THE RIGHT PLANTâChoose a plant with tightly clustered pseudobulbs or canes for your basket. You want your plant to be happy in its new home for about the next five years, so you will have to plan for the now and then.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Seedling multifloral Phalaenopsis such as this Phalaenopsis Kuntrarti Rarashati have small root balls, so they are easy to establish in a tree fern basket.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":38,"type":"em"},{"start":51,"end":64,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlRVxvIZEnjQPF_TreeFern-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":650,"height":483},"id":"aaYlRVxvIZEnjQPF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7]âIn the Cattleya Alliance, brassavolas and encyclias are the most suitable for tree fern baskets because the plants have tightly spaced pseudobulbs.","spans":[{"start":11,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlRlxvIZEnjQPG_TreeFern-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":482},"id":"aaYlRlxvIZEnjQPG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â For now, you will want a plant that is small enough to fit into the small opening in the pot, so think young. Dendrobium keikis from one of your friends are perfect. Seedlings in 2âinch (5âcm) pots work well.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":112,"end":123,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":130,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8]âHere a selection of dendrobiums grown for many years in tree fern baskets put on a spectacular spring display.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlR1xvIZEnjQPI_TreeFern-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1005,"height":708},"id":"aaYlR1xvIZEnjQPI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â For the future, you will have to envision what the plant will look like in a couple of years. You will want to avoid very tall plants or leggy plants with big spaces between pseudobulbs. Small cattleyas with densely spaced pseudobulbs, such as many encyclias and brassavolas, work well. Many of the dendrobiums are good candidates, including the pendulous seminobile dendrobiums, such as Dendrobium anosmum or the Densiflora Section (also called the Callista Section) dendrobiums, such as Dendrobium lindleyi and Dendrobium jenkinsii.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":390,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":416,"end":427,"type":"em"},{"start":452,"end":461,"type":"em"},{"start":491,"end":511,"type":"em"},{"start":515,"end":535,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING YOUR PLANTâIf you are potting up a seedling in a small tree fern basket, set your seedling in the middle of the pot and pack AAA longâfibered New Zealand sphagnum moss around it. Only use the highestâqual
998ity sphagnum moss so the moss will last at least two years, and by then the roots will have grown in and through the tree fern basket. You can interlayer timedârelease fertilizer with the moss, particularly if you do not fertilize your plants routinely. If you do not like sphagnum or if you are using larger tree fern baskets, you can use your potting mix of choice, although you may not be able to hang your pot vertically.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Use a thick gauge wire to prepunch holes for the wire hanger if you are using fourâstrand wire hangers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlSFxvIZEnjQPJ_TreeFern-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":487,"height":288},"id":"aaYlSFxvIZEnjQPJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10]âInsert the wire hanger through the prepunched holes or push the thicker doubleâwire hanger through the basket.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlSVxvIZEnjQPK_TreeFern-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":487,"height":288},"id":"aaYlSVxvIZEnjQPK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Bend the hanger into a Uâshape and push it back into the base of the basket to secure it in place.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlSlxvIZEnjQPL_TreeFern-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":490,"height":285},"id":"aaYlSlxvIZEnjQPL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12]âCenter the seedling in the pot and pack with AAA longâfibered New Zealand sphagnum moss.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlS1xvIZEnjQPM_TreeFern-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":488,"height":284},"id":"aaYlS1xvIZEnjQPM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HANGING YOUR PLANTâIf you are going to hang the pot horizontally as a basket, you can use a standard fourâstrand 16âgauge wire hanger. You can use a thickâgauge straight wire to punch holes in the basket as a guide so the thin wire of the hanger can be easily inserted, and then simply bend the wire horizontally or into a Uâshape at the base of the basket. Better yet, find the twoâpronged 12âgauge wire hanger (hat tip to Michael Polen of Art Stone Orchids) available from orchid supply houses, such as Tropical Plant Products. This thickerâgauge wire is much easier to push through the basket than the thinner fourâstrand wire hanger.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Bulbophyllums, such as this Bulbophyllum laxiflorum may also be good choices for tree fern baskets. Some can be leggy, so keep a supply of floral pins handy so you can tack the bulbs back into the basket.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":57,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaYlTFxvIZEnjQPN_TreeFern-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":318,"height":317},"id":"aaYlTFxvIZEnjQPN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you want to try growing in tree fern baskets, start with seedlings or plants that have a small root mass. Choose plants that like to be potted in smallish or shallow pots as well as lots of moisture during the growing season, particularly if you are surrounding the roots with sphagnum moss. If they like drier conditions during the winter, either move them to a drier spot or simply restrict water during their resting season. Choose plants that have densely clustered pseudobulbs or canes so they will be able to grow for many years in the basket without disturbing the roots. Then kick back and wait for the blooms. You will love the presentation in the tree fern basket and the increasing number of flowers you will get with every passing year. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera, and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected])","spans":[{"start":2,"end":403,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Tree Fern Baskets","MetaDescription":"Here Sue Bottom introduces growing orchids in tree fern baskets.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aaWxVhIAACIAaSS8","uid":"grandchampion-cymbidiums-of-the-santa-barbara-international-orchid-show-part-1-the-first-40-years","url":"/orchids/articles/grandchampion-cymbidiums-of-the-santa-barbara-international-orchid-show-part-1-the-first-40-years","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aaWxVhIAACIAaSS8%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-03-02T17:42:30+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-03-04T19:14:05+0000","slugs":["grandchampion-cymbidiums-of-the-santa-barbara-international-orchid-show-part-1-the-first-40-years"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co_v095n03coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co_v095n03coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9co","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn_v095n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn_v095n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aaR-YsFoBIGEg9cn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"GrandâChampion Cymbidiums of the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, Part 1: The First 40 Years","Author":"Heidi Kirkpatrick","ArticleDate":"2026-03-01","Summary":"A JEWEL of the orchid world returns for its 78th outing on the 20â22 of this month. One of the spectacular features of this show is its annual Grand Champion Cymbidium. Here, Heidi Kirkpatrick immortalizes these fabulous individual plants with color pictures of the winners over the first 40 years.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"A jewel of the orchid world returns for its 78th outing the 20â22 of this month. Visitors can enjoy an âOrchid Escapeâ into the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, one of the oldest and largest orchid shows in the United States. Held in Santa Barbara, California, a tourist destination in its own right, the Show draws exhibitors and vendors from around the world. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âA virus-free mericlone of Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ FCC/AOS, FCC/RHS.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3lDPJ2QKSVUDb_cymbidiums-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":917,"height":645},"id":"aaW3lDPJ2QKSVUDb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As with any orchid show, the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show has its own distinct character. Exhibits are gardenâthemed with designs ranging from the quirky to the sublime. The orchids in those exhibits are heavily weighted with species that grow locally. In Santa Barbara, cymbidiums reign supreme, boasting over a century of growing history, thriving in the mild Mediterranean climate of the southâfacing coastal communities in southern Santa Barbara County. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] 1947 Grand Champion, Cym. Swallow.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3lTPJ2QKSVUDc_cymbidiums-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":526,"height":418},"id":"aaW3lTPJ2QKSVUDc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Possibly the earliest mention of orchids in Santa Barbara cited a cymbidium display by a Dr. Yates at the 1882 Rose Fair (Merriam, 2005). In the early 20th century, large estates in Santa Barbara and neighboring Montecito became home to wealthy escapees from the East Coastâs harsher weather. Some of these individuals brought their orchid collections with them, particularly their cymbidiums. It is only natural that the proud owners would wish to display their blooms to the public.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] 1948 Grand Champion, Cym. Makeda âCopper Queenâ SM/CSA; exhibitor: Mrs. Edward Carpenter","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3ljPJ2QKSVUDe_cymbidiums-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":526,"height":348},"id":"aaW3ljPJ2QKSVUDe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Show began its life in 1945 as the Santa Barbara Cymbidium Show â not an âorchidâ show. The name would change in 1959 to the âSanta Barbara International Orchid Showâ after the 1955 visit of the American Orchid Society trustees and the inclusion of other orchid genera. But the Showâs ties to cymbidiums remained;
998 in addition to a Best Orchid in Show (typically something other than a Cymbidium), judges in Santa Barbara award a Grand Champion Cymbidium that carries just as much prestige.","spans":[{"start":397,"end":406,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] 1949 Grand Champion, Cym. President Wilson GM/CSA; exhibitor: J.A. Carbone, Jr.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3lzPJ2QKSVUDg_cymbidiums-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":632,"height":354},"id":"aaW3lzPJ2QKSVUDg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The tale of Santa Barbaraâs Grand Champion Cymbidiums carries stories of cymbidium growers and hybridizers. The list of winners is a reflection of over threeâquarters of a century of cymbidium breeding trends. It is a look at the history of Cymbidium hybridizing distilled into a winning flower awarded every March.","spans":[{"start":245,"end":255,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] 1951 Grand Champion, Cym. Janette âDolores Hoytâ SM/CSA; exhibitor: Mrs. Norton Clapp.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3mDPJ2QKSVUDh_cymbidiums-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":630,"height":422},"id":"aaW3mDPJ2QKSVUDh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In fact, the story of Santa Barbaraâs Grand Champion Cymbidiums might best begin not in 1946 with the first award but in 1911 with the registration of Cymbidium Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ, a cross of Cymbidium Eburneoâlowianum âConcolorâ with Cym. insigne âSanderaeâ. The cross was registered by Colonel George Holford, at the time one of the richest men in England. His Westonbirt estate was a horticultural playground, and its orchid collection was overseen by H.G. Alexander, who sat with Holford on the Royal Horticultural Societyâs (RHS) orchid committee. When Holford died, he bequeathed his orchids to Alexander.","spans":[{"start":155,"end":165,"type":"em"},{"start":201,"end":211,"type":"em"},{"start":245,"end":248,"type":"em"},{"start":250,"end":258,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] 1952 Grand Champion, Cym. Janette âMemoria Mrs. A.A. McBeanâ FCC/RHS, M/CSA; exhibitor: L. Sherman Adams Co.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3mTPJ2QKSVUDj_cymbidiums-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":421},"id":"aaW3mTPJ2QKSVUDj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] 1953 Grand Champion, Cym. Alexette âThe Kingâ HCC/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: L. Sherman Adams, Co.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3mjPJ2QKSVUDk_cymbidiums-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":630,"height":422},"id":"aaW3mjPJ2QKSVUDk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These are romantic names in the annals of Cymbidium hybridizing. Cymbidium Alexanderi was a fine cross for its day, but the cultivar âWestonbirtâ was exceptional, earning a First Class Certificate from the RHS in 1922. This singular plant would go on to become the most important foundational parent in the cymbidium world, and although the cultivar of the parent is not recorded in official databases, unofficial records and wordâofâmouth reports show that âWestonbirtâ is the most important plant of its grex. In the almost 80 years of Grand Champions at the show in Santa Barbara, every single one has at least a touch of Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ FCC/RHS in its ancestry.","spans":[{"start":42,"end":51,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":625,"end":628,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] 1954 Grand Champion, Cym. Alexfrida âThe Kingâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: L. Sherman Adams, Co.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3mzPJ2QKSVUDm_cymbidiums-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":630,"height":518},"id":"aaW3mzPJ2QKSVUDm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first recorded winner of the Grand Champion Cymbidium trophy was indeed a direct descendant of Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ FCC/AOS, FCC/RHS. In 1947, Cym. Swallow took the honors, probably repeating a win in 1946, though the earlier win was recorded only as oral history. This creamyâtoâblush white flower was a cross of Cym. Alexanderi with Cym. Pauwelsii, registered in 1916 by Sanders (St. Albans). As was the practice during the early years of the Show, the winner was exhibited as cut spikes. It was not uncommon in this era for cymbidiums to be grown in communal planting beds or even directly in the ground, making cut flowers much more practical for exhibition.","spans":[{"start":155,"end":158,"type":"em"},{"start":326,"end":329,"type":"em"},{"start":347,"end":350,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] 1955 Grand Champion, Cym. Alexfrida âThe Queenâ AM/AOS, BM/CSA; exhibitor: L. Sherman Adams, Co.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3nDPJ2QKSVUDo_cymbi
998diums-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":517},"id":"aaW3nDPJ2QKSVUDo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Hybridizing in the United States had not come of age yet, and the first Grand Champions were imports from venerable British nurseries, either purchased before World War II or sent as ârefugeesâ to safer places in North America. Both Cym. Swallow and the 1949 winner Cym. President Wilson (Alexanderi à lowianum, 1917) were relatively old hybrids from the venerable Sander and Sons nursery in St. Albans, England, which was at one time the largest orchid establishment in Europe. They appeared at the show as either cherished longâgrown plants or remakes of the original crosses. ","spans":[{"start":233,"end":236,"type":"em"},{"start":266,"end":269,"type":"em"},{"start":302,"end":310,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] 1956 and 1961 Grand Champion, Cym. Del Rosa âThe Kingâ FCC/AOS;SM/CSA; exhibitors: Arthur Freed (1956), Stewart Orchids (1961).","spans":[{"start":35,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3nTPJ2QKSVUDp_cymbidiums-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":632,"height":542},"id":"aaW3nTPJ2QKSVUDp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The 1948 winner, Cymbium Makeda âCopper Queenâ (Baldur à Francesca, 1940) was registered by Alexander and had Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ FCC/RHS in the ancestry of both parents. The newly formed Cymbidium Society (later to become the Cymbidium Society of America) gave Cym. Makeda âCopper Queenâ a Silver Medal and the roseâflushed yellow Cym. President Wilson, the 1949 winner, a coveted Gold Medal. To our eyes, these are charming but unexceptional flowers, with soft colors, starry shapes, and moderate size. ","spans":[{"start":17,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":110,"end":113,"type":"em"},{"start":271,"end":274,"type":"em"},{"start":341,"end":344,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] 1957 Grand Champion, Cym. Gladys Read âGladys Hagarâ BM/CSA; exhibitor: Herb Hagar Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3njPJ2QKSVUDq_cymbidiums-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":633,"height":507},"id":"aaW3njPJ2QKSVUDq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The 1951 and 1952 winners, both Cym. Janette (Alexanderi à Joy Sander, 1935), were similar in type. The cross itself was made by the English nursery McBeanâs, which was founded in 1879 and is still in operation today. McBeanâs exported many of its plants to the United States during the War, possibly including these two Grand Champions, and continued exporting orchids afterward. The 1951 winner, the pastel rose âDolores Hoytâ SM/CSA, was exhibited by Mrs. Norton Clapp, wife of the then chair of the timber company Weyerhaeuser. Sadly, she died in a private plane crash enroute to the Show. The 1952 winner, the pastel peach cultivar âMemoria Mrs. A. A. McBeanâ FCC/RHS, BM/CSA, was exhibited by local grower Mrs. Edward Carpentier, who notably protected her orchids from dust with little umbrellas at her Montecito estate.","spans":[{"start":32,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] 1958 Grand Champion, Cym. Jungfrau âDos Pueblosâ AM/AOS,SM/CSA, AM/RHS; exhibitor: Dos Pueblos Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3nzPJ2QKSVUDu_cymbidiums-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":492},"id":"aaW3nzPJ2QKSVUDu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The 1950 Champion was recorded as Cym. Elizabeth Burrage Draper, an unregistered hybrid exhibited by Montecito grower Mrs. Chalifoux, who reputedly named the plant after her granddaughter. Mrs. Harold Chalifoux was an East Coast transplant, the daughter of copper and oil magnate Albert C. Burrage, first president of the American Orchid Society. Burrage was not unfamiliar with the West Coast, having spent his childhood years in California. As an adult, he would build a 28âroom estate in Redlands, California, as a vacation home for entertaining (rahs.org). His daughter was one of the early supporters of the nascent Santa Barbara Cymbidium Show.","spans":[{"start":34,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] 1959 Grand Champion, Cym. Lillian Stewart âLyricâ AM/AOS,BM/CSA; exhibitor: Stewart Orchids","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3oDPJ2QKSVUDv_cymbidiums-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":637,"height":425},"id":"aaW3oDPJ2QKSVUDv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The L. Sherman Adams Company of Wellesley, Massachusetts, came to the Show in 1953, winning with Cym. Alexette âThe Kingâ HCC/AOS, SM/CSA, their hybrid of Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ with Cym .Janette, which was itself Cym. Alexanderi progeny. Judges described the flowers as white with a light pink dorsal blush and âexceptionalâ size and substance (CS News, 1953). The nursery returned to win at the Show in 1954 with the pinkâveined Cym. Alexfrida âThe Queenâ AM/AOS, BM/CSA, another Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ cross (with Cym. Elfrida) that produced flowers faintly veined ârhodamine pink,â where rhodamine is a type of saturated dye used for paper. Cymbidium Alexette âBenvenueâ BM/CSA received top honors in 1955. Show history details that the nursery arrived with some 70 cut spikes of Alexettes and Alexfridas, all reputedly excellent. Likely the exhibitor was Lewis S. Adams, son of the founder, L. Sherman Adams, who died in 1951. L. Sherman Adams was president of the Adams Machinery Company and a director of several organizations, including 20th Century Fox and the American Orchid Society (Boston Herald, 1951).","spans":[{"start":97,"end":100,"type":"em"},{"start":155,"end":158,"type":"em"},{"start":189,"end":193,"type":"em"},{"start":220,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":437,"end":440,"type":"em"},{"start":488,"end":491,"type":"em"},{"start":529,"end":532,"type":"em"},{"start":657,"end":667,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] 1960 Grand Champion, Cym. Maxine âNomaâ AM/AOS,BM/CSA: exhibitor: John Baumgartner","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3oTPJ2QKSVUDw_cymbidiums-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":632,"height":496},"id":"aaW3oTPJ2QKSVUDw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By the late 1950s, whites and pastels were still the colors of the day, but the flowers were larger with fuller segments, as demonstrated by the 1956 winner. Arthur Freed, a Hollywood producer of musicals and owner of Freed Orchid Nursery in Malibu, purchased the winning plant from Ira and Enid Haupt of New Jersey. Note that Haupt, an orchid enthusiast, would go on to be âthe greatest patron American horticulture has ever knownâ (Holley, 2005). Cymbidium Delrosa âThe Kingâ (Alexander âWestonbirtâ à Peregrine, 1952, Cooke) not only won Grand Champion Cymbidium but earned an FCC from the AOS judges. The flowers were blush white with a blush red lip, and the high swept petals were from the Cym. erythrostylum ancestor. Interestingly, Freedâs name is not usually associated with cymbidiums. His nursery went to Amadeo Vasquez, father of George Vasquez, and became Malibu Canyon Orchids and now Malibu Orchids, known for exceptional phalaenopsis.","spans":[{"start":449,"end":459,"type":"em"},{"start":696,"end":699,"type":"em"},{"start":701,"end":715,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] 1962 Grand Champion, Cym. Harry B. Ireland âSurpriseâ AM/AOS,SM/CSA; exhibitor: Dos Pueblos Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3ojPJ2QKSVUDy_cymbidiums-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":464},"id":"aaW3ojPJ2QKSVUDy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Similarly, the 1957 winning exhibitor was not known for cymbidiums, just as the registered hybridizer, British nursery Black \u0026 Flory, was known for cattleya hybrids rather than cymbidiums. The iceâgreen flowers of Cym. Claud Read âGladys Hagerâ BM/CSA had Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ ancestry from both parents Cym. Martha Church and Cym. Imogen. Exhibitor Herb Hager would later be recognized for his pioneering phalaenopsis hybridizing with the Herbert Hager Phalaenopsis Award, presented annually by the trustees of the AOS.","spans":[{"start":214,"end":217,"type":"em"},{"start":256,"end":259,"type":"em"},{"start":312,"end":315,"type":"em"},{"start":335,"end":338,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] 1963 Grand Champion, Cym. San Fran-cisco âSt. Nadineâ AM/AOS,SM/CSA; exhibitor: Cobbâs Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3ozPJ2QKSVUD3_cymbidiums-16.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":633,"height":534},"id":"aaW3ozPJ2QKSVUD3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Famed orchid nursery Dos Pueblos Orchid Company made a huge splash onto the cymbidium scene with the 1958 Grand Champion, Cym. Jungfrau âDos Pueblosâ AM/AOS, AM/RHS, SM/CSA. The original cross of Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ by Cym. Eagle was registered in 1933 by Alexander, but âDos Pueblosâ was the product of a sibling cross. The resultant seedlings were sown in community beds at Dos Pueblos Orchids, where legend has it, a worker was about to harvest the inflorescence for cut flowers when head grower Henry Tanaka spotted the huge spike of large flowers. This triploid cultivar was still being used as a cut flower into the 21st century by nurseries in New Zealand and the Netherlands.","spans":[{"start":122,"end":125,"type":"em"},{"start":196,"end":199,"type":"em"},{"start":228,"end":231,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] 1964 Grand Champion, Cym. Feather-hill âHeritageâ AM/AOS,BM/CSA; exhibitor: Stewart Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3pDPJ2QKSVUD5_cymbidiums-17.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":514},"id":"aaW3pDPJ2QKSVUD5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dos Pueblos Orchid Nursery was the powerhouse of midâcentury cymbi
998dium growing. The wholesale nursery was the passion project of Samuel B. Mosher. Though his education was in agriculture, Mosher borrowed $4,000 (equivalent to about $66,800 in todayâs purchasing power) from his mother in 1921 to drill for oil on Signal Hill. He founded Signal Oil and Gas, which became the largest independent oil company on the West Coast (NYT, 1970), eventually making Mosher the seventh richest man in the US (Gripp and Thompson, 2014). In 1945, Mosher purchased sections of Rancho Dos Pueblos along the coast northwest of Santa Barbara, partitioning 8 acres (3.2 ha) for growing cymbidiums under glass and creating what would be, at the time, the worldâs largest cymbidium production facility. It was at Dos Pueblos Orchid Nursery that orchid cytogeneticist Don Wimber experimented with cymbidium meristems. He would publish his landmark treatise in the 1963 AOS Bulletin.","spans":[{"start":947,"end":959,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] 1965 and 1971 Grand Champion, Cym. Lagoon âBraemarâ FCC/AOS, GM/CSA.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3pTPJ2QKSVUD7_cymbidiums-18.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":509},"id":"aaW3pTPJ2QKSVUD7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Cym. Balkis âSilver Orbâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3pjPJ2QKSVUD__cymbidiums-19.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":638,"height":453},"id":"aaW3pjPJ2QKSVUD_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This was the âGolden Age of Orchidsâ at the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show. Orchids were becoming more accessible, transforming from grand estate showpieces to profitable enterprise. Wealthy private collectors yielded to premier nurseries producing cuttingâedge hybrids. Among those cuttingâedge hybrids was the 1959 Grand Champion Cymbidium exhibited by Fred A. Stewart Orchids. Registered by Stewart Orchids in 1955, Cym. Lillian Stewart âLyricâ AM/AOS, BM/CSA bore five shapely 5âinch (12.5 cm) opalescent flowers with rose suffusion. This highly awarded grex combined the famous and prolific stud plant Cym. Balkis âSilver Orbâ with Cym. Carisona. Notably, Cym.Balkis lists Cym. Alexanderi as both parent and grandparent and is still being used by 21st century hybridizers as a parent. Fred Stewart, founder of Stewart Orchids, made his money in the postâWWII homebuilding boom. He made his nursery by hiring the esteemed Ernest Hetherington, known to a whole generation of orchidists for exceptional cymbidium and cattleya hybridizing, including the landmark Cym. Lillian Stewart. Hetheringtonâs accomplishments are recognized by the AOS with the annual Ernest Hetherington Cymbidium Award. ","spans":[{"start":428,"end":431,"type":"em"},{"start":616,"end":619,"type":"em"},{"start":646,"end":649,"type":"em"},{"start":670,"end":673,"type":"em"},{"start":687,"end":690,"type":"em"},{"start":1073,"end":1076,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] 1966 Grand Champion, Cym. Samar￾kand âMontecitoâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Cobbâs Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3pzPJ2QKSVUEB_cymbidiums-20.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":535},"id":"aaW3pzPJ2QKSVUEB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Large whites still ruled at the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show in 1960 and 1961. The 1960 winner, Cym. Maxine âNomaâ AM/AOS, was from a cross of Cym.Rosanna âPinkieâ (an old but famous hybrid from Alexander) with Cym. Dorchester âAlphaâ. The cross originated with Rivermont Orchids of Signal Mountain, Tennessee. The 1961 Show brought a reappearance of Cym. Delrosa âThe Kingâ FCC/AOS, SM/CSA, exhibited this time by Fred A. Stewart orchids. It was the first orchid to win Grand Champion Cymbidium honors twice; its previous win was in 1956.","spans":[{"start":107,"end":110,"type":"em"},{"start":154,"end":157,"type":"em"},{"start":222,"end":225,"type":"em"},{"start":362,"end":365,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] 1967 Grand Champion, Cym. San Fran￾cisco âDos Pueblos Specialâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Dos Pueblos Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3qDPJ2QKSVUED_cymbidiums-21.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":632,"height":523},"id":"aaW3qDPJ2QKSVUED","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dos Pueblos Orchid Nursery returned in 1962 with winner Cym. Harry B. Ireland âSurpriseâ AM/AOS, a cross of Cym. Chesham with Cym. Shiraz, originated by Mary Bea Ireland and registered by Dos Pueblos. Ireland was a noted amateur hybridizer from Montecito whose first husband was Fred Noonan, the navigator who was lost with Amelia Earhart. Irelandâs collection would become part of the breeding stock of Gallup \u0026 Stribling Orchids, the dominant cymbidium nursery of the late 20th century. Local nursery Cobbâs Orchids exhibited the 1963 winner, the ice green Cym. San Francisco âSt Nadineâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA. Stewart Orchids registered this hybrid of Cym. Blue Smoke âPernodâ by the prolific parent Cym. Balkis âSilver Orbâ.","spans":[{"start":56,"end":59,"type":"em"},{"start":108,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":126,"end":129,"type":"em"},{"start":559,"end":562,"type":"em"},{"start":648,"end":651,"type":"em"},{"start":696,"end":699,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] 1968 Grand Champion, Cym. Cleo Sherman âMemoria Robert Casamajorâ FCC/AOS, GM/CSA; exhibitor: Peterson Brothers.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3qTPJ2QKSVUEH_cymbi
998diums-22.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":636,"height":547},"id":"aaW3qTPJ2QKSVUEH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The year 1964 saw the first deeply colored winner of the Grand Champion Cymbidium trophy with Stewart Orchidsâ display of Cym. Featherhill âHeritageâ AM/AOS, BM/CSA, again originated by Ireland. The cross, registered in 1954 by Montecito grower Eliot Haberlitz, was of the red Cymbidium Spartan Queen âMrs. Irelandâ with the pastel pink Cym. Babylon âCastle Hillâ and resulted in a flower with a lovely, deep red color and much better shape than either of its rather starry parents. The following year brought a return of the pastels and pale greens that dominated cymbidium hybrids of the period. It would be years before another richly colored cymbidium won top honors at the Show. ","spans":[{"start":122,"end":125,"type":"em"},{"start":277,"end":287,"type":"em"},{"start":337,"end":340,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] 1969 Grand Champion, Cym. CleoSherman âCandy Caneâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Peterson Brothers.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3qjPJ2QKSVUEJ_cymbidiums-23.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":570},"id":"aaW3qjPJ2QKSVUEJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The continuing trend of midâ to lateâcentury champions at the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show was toward larger flowers with fuller segments on big inflorescences. This was the era of cut flowers and corsages, which helped define breeding trends in both cymbidiums and cattleyas. The search for the ideal large standard cymbidium was demonstrated by the 1965 and 1966 winners, Cym. Lagoon âBraemarâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA (Balkis âSilver Orbâ Ã Miretta âGlendessaryâ 1961, Sherman) and Cym. Samarkand âMontecitoâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA (Heathrow âMary Beaâ Ã Alexanderi). Cymbidium Samarkand was a 1956 Dos Pueblos hybrid grown in beds at the nursery, where it would bloom under the cymbidium leaves. Winning exhibitor Cobbâs Orchids obtained a division of âMontecitoâ and bloomed it with a spike of 18 flowers for display at the Show.","spans":[{"start":486,"end":489,"type":"em"},{"start":564,"end":574,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] 1970 Grand Champion, Cym. Via Real âGailâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3qzPJ2QKSVUEL_cymbidiums-24.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":633,"height":520},"id":"aaW3qzPJ2QKSVUEL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 1967, Cym. San Francisco âDos Pueblos Specialâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA won at all the major West Coast shows. The cross of Cym. Blue Smoke âPernodâ with Cym. Balkis âSilver Orbâ (yet another Balkis hybrid!) was registered in 1956 by Stewart Orchids and exhibited in 1967 by Dos Pueblos Orchids. In a clever marketing ploy, Dos Pueblos already had meristems of the winning plant available for sale. It would be the nurseryâs last Grand Champion before Mosher died in 1970, but the development of meristem techniques that the nursery facilitated was already changing the nature of hobby and commercial orchid growing.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":117,"end":120,"type":"em"},{"start":147,"end":150,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] 1972 Grand Champion, Cym. HazelMcCabe âPink Cloudâ SM/CSA; exhibitor:Universal Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3rDPJ2QKSVUEO_cymbidiums-25.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":489},"id":"aaW3rDPJ2QKSVUEO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A pair of Cym. Cleo Sherman (Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ Ã Babylon, 1956, Sherman) cultivars took top honors in 1968 and 1969. The 1968 winner was the white âMemoria Robert Casamajorâ FCC/AOS, GM/CSA, named in honor of a founding member of the Cymbidium Society and first editor of the Cymbidium Society News. Sibling âCandy Caneâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA won the following year and was notable for its blush coloration and candyâcolored lip. Both winners were exhibited by the Peterson Brothers, Santa Barbara delivery truck drivers who built a nursery as a
998side business.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":282,"end":304,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] 1973 Grand Champion, Cym. CleoSherman âDay Dreamâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Universal Orchids.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3rTPJ2QKSVUEQ_cymbidiums-26.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":636,"height":507},"id":"aaW3rTPJ2QKSVUEQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The celebrated cymbidium nursery Gallup \u0026 Stribling Orchids won their first Grand Champion Cymbidium in 1970 with Cym. Via Real âGailâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA (Sussex Dawn âHot Springsâ à Etta Barlow âAnnâ, 1970, Gallup \u0026 Stribling). The nursery began as a partnership between Aleck Stribling, whose father had worked with the gardens and orchids on the McCormick estate in Montecito, and father and son team Emmet and Gary Gallup. The winning hybrid demonstrated characteristics found in many of their cymbidiums: large blooms of full segments on tall spikes with many flowers. The white flower with its spotted lip was of a similar coloration to the very first Grand Champion Cymbidium, Cym. Swallow, but the size and shape show the tremendous developments brought by decades of hybridizing.","spans":[{"start":114,"end":117,"type":"em"},{"start":680,"end":683,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] 1975 Grand Champion, Cym. Via RealâAlexanderâ; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3rjPJ2QKSVUER_cymbidiums-27.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":507},"id":"aaW3rjPJ2QKSVUER","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] 1976 Grand Champion, Cym. Patrick âMercedesâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3rzPJ2QKSVUES_cymbidiums-28.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":631,"height":426},"id":"aaW3rzPJ2QKSVUES","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Universal Orchids exhibited the next three Champions, beginning in 1971 with Cym. Lagoon âBraemarâ. This misty green (lagoonâcolored, perhaps?) cultivar was the 1965 Grand Champion Cymbidium, but it returned to win in 1971 with FCC awards from both the AOS and the RHS, plus a Gold Medal from the CSA. The aptly named Cym. Hazel McCabe âPink Cloudâ SM/CSA (Rusper à Balkis âSilver Orbâ, 1963, Braemar) won in 1972 with soft pink flowers. In 1975, Universal exhibited a sibling cross of Cym. Cleo Sherman, a name familiar from the 1968 and 1969 champions. The clean white âDay Dreamâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA carried a lip with a rose flush and maroon spots and would be the third cultivar of this hybrid to win Grand Champion Cymbidium. âDay Dreamâ was also a winner at the San Diego show that year.","spans":[{"start":77,"end":80,"type":"em"},{"start":318,"end":321,"type":"em"},{"start":486,"end":489,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] 1978 and 1979 Grand Champion, Cym. Highland Mist âDillabirraâ FCC/AOS;exhibitor: Sequoia Orchid Estate.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3sDPJ2QKSVUEV_cymbidiums-29.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":632,"height":424},"id":"aaW3sDPJ2QKSVUEV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Gallup \u0026 Stribling Orchids returned in 1974 for a second win for Cym. Via Real âGailâ. The plant was shown with 19 massive flowers compared to 10 in 1970. The AOS and CSA judges were impressed, upgrading its awards to FCC and GM, respectively. The same cross with different parents (Etta Barlow âAnnâ à Sussex Dawn âLarge Yellowâ) won in 1975. The cultivar âAlexanderâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA had only five flowers on the spike, but each was almost 6 inches (15.2 cm) in size. Cymbidium Patarak âMercedesâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA, with its white segments and burgundy lip garnered to
998p honors at the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show in 1976. This was a hybrid of Cym. Sussex Dawn âIce Greenâ with Cym. Joan of Arc âArroyo Burroâ registered in 1970 by Gallup \u0026 Stribling. The nursery used several cultivars of Cym. Sussex Dawn (McBeanâs, 1955), with its Cym. Alexanderi ancestry, to great effect.","spans":[{"start":65,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":468,"end":478,"type":"em"},{"start":651,"end":654,"type":"em"},{"start":685,"end":688,"type":"em"},{"start":797,"end":800,"type":"em"},{"start":841,"end":844,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] 1980 Grand Champion, Cym. Via Espiri￾tu âHeather Christineâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3sTPJ2QKSVUEW_cymbidiums-30.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":633,"height":426},"id":"aaW3sTPJ2QKSVUEW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Gallup \u0026 Stribling Orchidsâ breeding program came of age with the 1977 winner, Cym. Via Abril Verde âIrish Mistâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA, which impressed the judges with its 32 ice green flowers and nine buds on four inflorescences. The nursery registered the cross in 1969, and the parents, Cym. Raquel Abril by Cym. Green Spring were also Gallup \u0026 Stribling hybrids. Though the Cym. Alexanderi ancestry was distant in Cym. Green Spring, the storied cymbidium parent appeared multiple times in Cym. Raquel Abrilâs background.","spans":[{"start":79,"end":82,"type":"em"},{"start":283,"end":286,"type":"em"},{"start":304,"end":307,"type":"em"},{"start":371,"end":374,"type":"em"},{"start":411,"end":414,"type":"em"},{"start":486,"end":489,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] 1981 Grand Champion, Cym. FanfareâPedroâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3sjPJ2QKSVUEY_cymbidiums-31.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":629,"height":470},"id":"aaW3sjPJ2QKSVUEY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Exhibitor Sequoia Orchid Estate took top honors in 1978 and 1979 with the striking Cym. Highland Mist, a hybrid of Cym. Miretta with Cym. Mary Ann registered in 1968 by McBeanâs. The cultivar âDillabirraâ FCC/AOS, GM/CSA was from a remake by Australian hybridizer Tom Henry and was bloomed by Mr. Billings of New South Wales. Unbeknownst to him, the plant was mericloned, and many flasks were sold, including the âgood whiteâ Sequoia Orchid Estate received and exhibited as âWhite Fog.â Tom Henry happened to be visiting the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show from Australia, recognized the plant and told the story, and the correct cultivar name was applied. The plant was exhibited as a cut spike with 11 flowers in 1978 and 13 in 1979. It was the first to win the Grand Champion Cymbidium trophy in two consecutive years","spans":[{"start":83,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":115,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":133,"end":136,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] 1982 Grand Champion, Cym. ViaRincon Vista âGold Ingotâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3szPJ2QKSVUEZ_cymbidiums-32.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":437},"id":"aaW3szPJ2QKSVUEZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 1980, Gallup \u0026 Stribling returned to continue a streak of Grand Champion Cymbidium winners that remains unsurpassed. The 1980 winner Cym. Via Espiritu âHeather Christineâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA was a large paperâwhite flower with a pinkish lip outlined in red, registered by Gallup \u0026 Stribling as a cross of Cym. Via Ruborosa with Cym. Winter Fair. The 1981 winner was a large, striking lime green, but with a lip that tended to curl under. Cym. Fanfare âPedroâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA was the result of a Gallup \u0026 Stribling sibling cross using a tetraploid cultivar. Braemar registered the hybrid of Cym. Verde Grande with Cym. Mount Everest in 1965.","spans":[{"start":136,"end":139,"type":"em"},{"start":303,"end":306,"type":"em"},{"start":326,"end":329,"type":"em"},{"start":436,"end":439,"type":"em"},{"start":587,"end":590,"type":"em"},{"start":610,"end":613,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33] 1983 and 1985 Grand Champion, Cym. Via Nogales âLori Joâ; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3tDPJ2QKSVUEb_cymbidiums-33.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":635,"height":448},"id":"aaW3tDPJ2QKSVUEb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A new color came to the Grand Champion Cymbidium winners in the 1980s, beginning with 1982âs largeâflowered, golden yellow Cym. Via RinconâVista âGold Ingotâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA. This cross of Cym. Rincon âClarisseâ and Cym. Via Vista âYellow Giantâ was originated by exhibitor Gallup \u0026 Stribling but registered in 1994 by The Orchid Zone. In 1984, the judges awarded the top prize to Cym. Guadalajara âSiestaâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA. This Gallup \u0026 Stribling cross of Cym. Joan of Arc by Cym. Pearly Queen displayed a new coloration of goldenâpeach with rose suffusion. Gallup \u0026 Stribling exhibited it as a mature plant with 68 flowers blooming on four spikes to win at the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show.","spans":[{"start":123,"end":126,"type":"em"},{"start":188,"end":191,"type":"em"},{"start":215,"end":218,"type":"em"},{"start":380,"end":383,"type":"em"},{"start":455,"end":458,"type":"em"},{"start":475,"end":478,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[34] 1984 Grand Champion, Cym. Guadala￾jara âSiestaâ AM/AOS, SM/CSA; exhibitor: Gallup \u0026 Stribling.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aaW3tTPJ2QKSVUEc_cymbidiums-34.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":451},"id":"aaW3tTPJ2QKSVUEc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"White flowers still caught the eye of the judges, particularly large, showy whites. In 1983, Gallup \u0026 Stribling exhibited the Grand Champion Cymbidium Cym. Via Nogales âLori Joâ FCC/AOS, SM/CSA. The nursery registered the plant as cross of Cym. Sussex Dawn âPink Pearlâ with Cym. Solana Beach âSt. Francisâ 4N, another important plant in cymbidium hybridizing with Cym. Alexanderi âWestonbirtâ in its background. Cym. Via Nogales âLori Joâ FCC/AOS, SM/CSA won again in 1985, giving Gallup \u0026 Stribling their 11th Grand Champion Cymbidium trophy.","spans":[{"start":151,"end":154,"type":"em"},{"start":240,"end":243,"type":"em"},{"start":275,"end":278,"type":"em"},{"start":365,"end":368,"type":"em"},{"start":413,"end":416,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Heidi Kirkpatrick would like to thank Jim Sloniker for his research on the Grand Champion Cymbidiums. The 2010 CSA Journal retrospective he wrote with Heidi formed the nucleus of this article. Heidi has contributed previously to Orchids, including an overview of the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show in 2025.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":317,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Boston HeraldâTraveler Photo Morgue, Boston Public Library, January 26, 1951. https://www.digitalcommon￾wealth.org/search/commonwealth:1544fr02p.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":145,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Burrage, Albert C. (1859â1931), The Redlands Area Historical Society Inc. 1956. https://rahs.org/photo/bur￾rageâalbertâ
998câ1859â1931/.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":132,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cymbidium Society Awards. 1953. Cymbidium Society News 8(5):13.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":63,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dos Pueblos Orchid Company. 1956. Dos Pueblos Orchid Company. Goleta, CA. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":74,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Merriam, P.E. 2005. A Celebration of Orchids: 60 Years of the Santa Barbara International Orchid Show. Orchids 74(7): 508â511.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":126,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Samuel B. Mosher Is Dead at 77; Founder of Signal Oil, The New York Times. Aug 6, 1970. https://.www.nytimes.com/1970/08/06/archives/samuelâbâmoshersâisâdeadâatâ77âfounderâofâsignalâoilâgasâco.html.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":198,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The History of McBeanâs Nursery, McBeanâs Orchids, https://www.mcbeansorchids.com/aboutâus/theâhistoryâofâmcbeansânursery/.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":123,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wimber, D., 1963. Clonal Multiplication of Cymbidiums through Tissue Culture of the Shoot Meristem. AOS Bulletin. 32: 105â107.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":126,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"GrandâChampion Cymbidiumsâofâthe Santa Barbara International Orchid Show, Part 1: The First 40 Years","MetaDescription":"A Jewel of the orchid world returns for its 78th outing on the 20â22 of this month. One of the spectacular features of this show is its annual Grand Champion Cymbidium. Here, Heidi Kirkpatrick immortalizes these fabulous individual plants with color pictures of the winners over the first 40 years.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aYNMARAAAB8AKsG2","uid":"bringing-home-new-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/bringing-home-new-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aYNMARAAAB8AKsG2%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-02-04T14:13:34+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-02-04T14:13:34+0000","slugs":["bringing-home-new-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo_v095n02coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo_v095n02coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn_v095n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn_v095n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Bringing Home New Orchids","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-02-01","Summary":"We all love bringing home new orchids. Here Sue Bottom provides advice on choosing plants from seedlings to specimens and properly introducing them to your collection.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"I love bringing home new orchids. Sometimes I buy large plants in bloom but more often than not I bring home seedlings that I can watch grow up and bloom for me the first time.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SELECTING BLOOMING PLANTS You buy plants for any number of reasons: because you like the flower, you like the plant growth habit or you like the parentage and have great hopes for the future flower. If you are buying a plant in bloom, be sure to look beyond that gorgeous flower and take a careful look at the plant itself.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âDreaming about what you might find at an orchid show? [2]â Orchid Society shows and festivals are great opportunities to shop for orchids. Check out the AOS Show Calendar (https://www.aos.org/community-events) to find the next show in your area.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNSq90YXLCxVXRy_Orchids1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":522,"height":520},"id":"aYNSq90YXLCxVXRy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Healthy Root System. You know a healthy root system is the key to a plant that will bloom well for you. Any plant you buy should be fully established in the pot. Pick it up by its leaves or growths; the pot should lift with the plant. If the plant is wobbly in the pot, it is newly repotted and not established, or there is a problem with the roots and you will have to nurse it back to health.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âIf you are selecting seedlings from a tray of similar seedlings, choose for vigor, the biggest pseudobulb, the widest and thickest leaf, etc. Then ask the orchid grower which one he thinks you should choose and why.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNSqt0YXLCxVXRx_Orchids3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":523,"height":490},"id":"aYNSqt0YXLCxVXRx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fat and Happy Bulbs and Canes Youâll get the best blooms from plants that are vigorous growers. Look at the pseudobulbs or canes to
998see if they are plump, hard and full. If the bulbs are shriveled or wrinkled, the plant could be dehydrated from root problems or suffering from a disease such as Fusarium wilt.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Turgid and Unmarked Leaves Leaves should be full and hold themselves upright. Fleshy Phalaenopsis leaves should be thick and turgid, with no droopiness or other sign of dehydration. Mature Cattleya leaves should be hard with the texture of cardboard. Thinleaved orchids such as those of the Oncidiinae should be unwrinkled. The leaves should be a healthy green with no markings, except possibly for the reddish pigmentation that happens when orchids are grown in very bright light. Yellow, brown or black markings or edges may be indicative of a bacterial or fungal disease. Do not be overly concerned if there is an occasional blemish on the plant if it otherwise looks happy and healthy.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Absence of Pests and Diseases You want a plant that is pest-free. Check the base of the plant, in leaf axils and other hidden spots and make sure there are no scale, mealybugs or other crawling insects present. A diseased orchid may have yellow or black spotting, shriveling, soft spots or other blemishes, all of which should flash a warning sign to you when you are selecting a plant to bring home. If in flower, make sure there is no color break in the flower that can be a sign of virus.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Seedlings and Near-Blooming-Size Plants Seedlings are fun to bring home because you can spend hours imagining what the bloom might look like when it finally opens. If you are selecting a plant from a seedling tray, look for the one with the thickest bulbs and leaves. I often ask the orchid grower which seedling he would select and why; youâll get lots of interesting insights this way. One grower said to choose a plant that had not yet bloomed, under the assumption that if it had bloomed and had a great flower, that plant would no longer be for sale.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4]â Donât bring scale or other problems home to your growing area.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNSqd0YXLCxVXRw_Orchids4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":349},"id":"aYNSqd0YXLCxVXRw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"BRINGING NEW PLANTS HOME If you grow cattleyas, scale is your archenemy. After many years of battling scale, the growth inhibitor Distance (it is not cheap!) finally allowed me to declare the greenhouse a scale-free zone. Imagine my surprise when I noticed scale emerging on some of the new plants I brought home. They appeared clean when I selected them, but several months later I noticed the telltale chlorotic spotting and white patches. Clearly scale were lurking under the rhizome, dried sheathing bracts or the roots of my new plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The books all tell you to isolate plants for several months when you bring them into your growing area so you can catch problems without spreading them to the rest of your collection. I find I canât resist the urge to group plants together as soon as I bring them home, new phals with old phals, new cattleyas with old cattleyas, etc., so the plants all get the proper light and water. I obviously needed a better plan for handling new orchids","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Apply a Protective Drench Once you get home and before you introduce your new plant to the growing area, apply a protective drench through the potting media. A variety of pe
998sticides contain the active ingredient imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide that can be introduced to the plant via the roots and absorbed throughout the plant. It will kill scale, mealybugs, etc. from the inside out without your having to spray it on leaf surfaces like you would a contact pesticide. Imidacloprid-bearing pesticides come in a wide variety of strengths. If you have an insecticide that contains 0.47% imidacloprid, add 3 ounces (89 mL) to a gallon (3.785 L) of water (23 mg/L) and pour it through the pot to thoroughly drench the growing media (1 oz/gal [8mL/L] for the 1.47% strength, 2 oz/gal [16 mL/L] for the 0.74% strength, etc.). The Bayer 3-in-1 product also contains a systemic miticide for residual control of spider mites as well as a systemic fungicide, although this particular fungicide may not offer much protection against common orchid diseases. There are better protective fungicidal drenches, such as Banrot or Subdue, available from specialty horticultural outlets albeit at a fairly expensive price.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5]â After you find an orchid that you just cannot live without, take a moment to inspect the plant to make sure it is healthy so you will still love it in the morning.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNSqN0YXLCxVXRv_Orchids5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":261},"id":"aYNSqN0YXLCxVXRv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Repot into Your Mix of Choice If you bought a plant in bloom, let it bloom out and then repot it in your mix of choice. If itâs a seedling orchid, you may want to repot immediately upon bringing it home. This way you wonât have a hodgepodge of plants in sphagnum, bark and whatever else that all require watering at a different frequency. The only caveats are to try not to repot in the fall when plants are going into their winter rest and to be careful not to repot bifoliate cattleyas unless you see the initiation of new root growth. It is best to repot when new roots are just beginning to emerge because the plant will reestablish the most quickly when it is in a period of active root growth.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A new orchid should be a welcome addition to your collection, not a problem waiting to happen. Develop a system to make sure that your new beauty will live to bloom again along with all your old favorites.\nâ Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Publication Committee ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":206,"end":617,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Bringing Home New Orchids","MetaDescription":"We all love bringing home new orchids. Here Sue Bottom provides advice on choosing plants from seedlings to specimens and properly introducing them to your collection.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aYNUNBAAACIAKs-4","uid":"dendrobium-and-its-relativespart-19-dendrobium-sections-lichenastrum-and-monophyllaea","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-and-its-relativespart-19-dendrobium-sections-lichenastrum-and-monophyllaea","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aYNUNBAAACIAKs-4%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-02-04T14:33:20+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-02-04T19:00:09+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-19-dendrobium-sections-lichenastrum-and-monophyllaea"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo_v095n02coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo_v095n02coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aXnVjQIvOtkhCBSo","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn_v095n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn_v095n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aXnVjAIvOtkhCBSn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and Its Relatives Part 19: Dendrobium sections Lichenastrum and Monophyllaea","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2026-02-01","Summary":"Are you a grower of miniatures? If so, you will not want to miss Jim Cootes' discussion of these two small sections of the genus Dendrobium.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are only a few species in the following two sections. Both sections are endemic to the east coast of Australia. The plants of section Lichenastrum are all miniatures.","spans":[{"start":140,"end":153,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SECTION LICHENASTRUM ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium section Lichenastrum was first proposed as a genus by Brieger in 1981. Alick Dockrill reduced it to a section in 1992, in Australian Indigenous Orchids. The type species for the section is Dendrobium lichenastrum(F. Mueller) Krzl. There are three species in the section, all of which are endemic to Australia.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":200,"end":223,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LICHENASTRUM First named as a Bulbophyllum species in 1869 by Ferdinand von Mueller, Fritz Kränzlin transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1910 in Das Pflanzenreich (The Plant Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of the foliage to a star lichen. The plants are mat-forming with thick oval leaves about â
of an inch (1 cm) long. Inflorescences are single-flowered with the bloom being about â
of an inch (1 cm) wide. This species is endemic to northern Australia, where it grows on both trees and rocks at sea level to about 3,900 feet (1,000 m) elevation.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":139,"end":149,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Dendrobium lichenastrum. Note the minutely pebbled leaf surface.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXy90YXLCxVXXV_Dendrobium1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":456,"height":625},"id":"aYNXy90YXLCxVXXV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PRENTICEI This species, no considered by some to be a synonym of Dendrobium lichenastrum, was also first named as a Bulbophyllum species by Ferdinand von Mueller. William Nicholls transferred it to Dendrobium in 1938, in the North Queensland Naturalist. The specific epithet honors Dr. Charles Prentice, an Australian botanist. This is also a matforming species, but the leaves are terete, and point upward, reaching 1½ inches (4 cm) in length. Inflorescences are singleflowered, with the bloom being about â
of an inch (1 cm) wide. This species is endemic to northern Queensland, Australia, where it grows on both trees and rocks at elevations from sea level to about 3,900 feet (1,000 m) elevation. Even though the flowers of this and the above species are almost identical, their very different leaf form and the fact they do not grow together in nature is enough, in my opinion, to keep them as separate species.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":99,"type":"em"},{"start":127,"end":140,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âAlthough the flowers of Dendrobium prenticei are very similar to those of Den. lichenastrum, the plants are quite different. The leaves of this species are longer and more pointed than those of Den. lichenastrum.","spans":[{"start":28,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":95,"type":"em"},{"start":198,"end":216,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXyt0YXLCxVXXT_Dendrobium2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":403,"height":310},"id":"aYNXyt0YXLCxVXXT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM TORRESAE Frederick Bailey first named this orchid as a Bulbophyllum species, in 1889. Alick Dockrill transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1964 in The Orchadian, the journal of the Australasian Native Orchid Society. The specific epithet may refer to the Torres Strait, but I am unable to verify if this is correct. Also, a mat-forming species with leaves just ¼ of an inch (6 mm) long, with a warty surface. Flowers force their way between the closely packed leaves and are about ¼ of an inch (6 mm) in diameter. It is only known from northern Queensland, Australia, where it grows on both rocks and trees from sea level to 3,500 feet (1,060 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":79,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âThe leaves of Dendrobium torresae are deeply channeled and almost terete.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXyd0YXLCxVXXS_Dendrobium3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":403,"height":340},"id":"aYNXyd0YXLCxVXXS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SECTION MONOPHYLLAEA ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This section was proposed by Bentham, in 1873, in Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory. The type species for the section is Dendrobium monophyllum F. Mueller. There are three species in the section, all of which are endemic to Australia.","spans":[{"start":50,"end":69,"type":"em"},{"start":164,"end":175,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CARRII This species was named by Herman Rupp and Cyril White in 1937, in the Queensland Naturalist. The specific epithet honors Mr. T. Carr, collector of the first plants described. The plant is short growing with a thick rhizome where the pseudobulbs are spaced at intervals of up to 2 inches (5 cm). The inflorescence can reach lengths of 4 inches (10 cm) bearing up to 10 flowers about â
of an inch (1 cm) in diameter. Endemic to the east coast of Queensland, Australia, it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 1,600 and 5,300 feet (500 to 1,600 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Dendrobium carrii, illustrating the plant and flowering habit. Grown and photographed by Mike Harrison.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXyN0YXLCxVXXR_De
998ndrobium4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":199,"height":256},"id":"aYNXyN0YXLCxVXXR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5â6]âTwo different cultivars of Dendrobium carrii grown and photographed by Mike Harrison. The lip of this species varies from bright orange [5] to yellow [6].","spans":[{"start":33,"end":50,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXx90YXLCxVXXQ_Dendrobium5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":199,"height":258},"id":"aYNXx90YXLCxVXXQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXxt0YXLCxVXXO_Dendrobium6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":406,"height":298},"id":"aYNXxt0YXLCxVXXO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM MONOPHYLLUM Ferdinand Mueller named this species in 1859, in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae (Fragments of Australian Phytography). The specific epithet refers to the single-leafed pseudobulb. The plant is short growing, with a thick rhizome where the pseudobulbs are spaced at intervals of up to 4 inches (10 cm). The inflorescence can reach lengths of 7 inches (17.5 cm) bearing numerous, sweetly fragrant flowers about â
of an inch (1 cm) in diameter. Endemic to the east coast of Australia, it grows as an epiphyte at elevations up to 2,000 feet (600 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":107,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Growth and flowering habit of Dendrobium monophyllum","spans":[{"start":34,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXxd0YXLCxVXXN_Dendrobium7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":199,"height":273},"id":"aYNXxd0YXLCxVXXN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM SCHNEIDERAE Named by Frederick Bailey in 1888, in Occasional Papers on the Queensland Flora, the specific epithet honors a Miss or Mrs. Schneider. Pseudobulbs are clumping and reach about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in height and carry two leathery leaves. The inflorescence can reach lengths of 7 inches (17.5 cm) bearing numerous, sweetly fragrant flowers about ¼ of an inch (6 mm) in diameter. Endemic to the east coast of Australia, it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between to 400 and 6,000 feet (100 and 1,500 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dendrobium schneiderae is very similar but the insert photograph clearly shows this speciesâ bifoliate pseudobulbs.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aYNXxd0YXLCxVXXM_Dendrobium8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":535,"height":736},"id":"aYNXxd0YXLCxVXXM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jim Cootes has grown orchids for almost 50 years. He specializes in species orchids of Australia and Asia, particularly those of the Philippines. Mr. Cootes has written three books on Philippines orchid species and has also written countless articles, both scientific and of a more general nature that have been published worldwide. He lives in Sydney, Australia, where he keeps a small collection of orchids (email [email protected]). ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":440,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Thanks to Mike Harrison (Australia), for the use of his pictures, to help enhance this article. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dockrill A.W. 1969. Australian Indigenous Orchids. The Society For Growing Australian Plants. Parsons R. and M.E. Gerritsen. 2021. A Compendium of Miniature Orchid Species volume 2, Second Edition. Redfern Natural History Productions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":null,"MetaDescription":"Are you a grower of miniatures? If so, you will not want to miss Jim Cootes' discussion of these two small sections of the genus Dendrobium.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aVZ5DxAAACEA5ymq","uid":"breeding-with-the-pescatoria-alliance","url":"/orchids/articles/breeding-with-the-pescatoria-alliance","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aVZ5DxAAACEA5ymq%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-01-02T02:13:57+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-01-02T18:26:34+0000","slugs":["breeding-with-the-pescatoria-alliance"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q93NYClf9op4m_v095n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aU9q93NYClf9op4m","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q93NYClf9op4m_v095n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aU9q93NYClf9op4m","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q-HNYClf9op4n_v095n01coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aU9q-HNYClf9op4n","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q-HNYClf9op4n_v095n01coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aU9q-HNYClf9op4n","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Breeding with the Pescatoria Alliance","Author":"Tim Culbertson","ArticleDate":"2026-01-01","Summary":"Tim Culbertson discusses his efforts at breeding smaller, blue-flowered, floriferous hybrids in this rewarding Alliance.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"In my last article on this group (Culbertson 2024), I detailed a few species that I thought were critical to producing hybrids of Warczewiczella, Pescatoria, and Kefersteinia that would fulfill the following set of criteria: ","spans":[{"start":130,"end":156,"type":"em"},{"start":162,"end":175,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"1. Be miniature, or miniature-ish, 8â12 inches (20â30 cm) in height when plants are mature. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"2. Be easy to grow, under shady intermediate conditions in mixed collections. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"3. Be blue-flowered.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" 4. Have a strong and pleasant fragrance. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"5. Have shapely flowers, full and round, and corresponding with AOS judging parameters. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"6. Mature quickly, blooming within a few years of coming out of flasks. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"7. Stay in flower all year long, without taking much time off between flowerings.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These goals represent a relatively difficult set of parameters for breeding. It is interesting and fruitful to discuss a few older hybrids within this alliance, as well as my first efforts to produce plants that meet these criteria. Results have varied, for sure.\n\nHYBRIDS WITH WARCZEWICZELLA DISCOLOR The first set of historic and more current hybrids we can discuss are those that involve Warczewiczella discolor. If you remember, the previous article stated that my goals no longer involve using this species. There is strong evidence to support that statement historically, and even more now that I made the mistake of using it anyway. There are 27 registered hybrids involving this species, dating from Goodale Moirâs Warczatoria Painted Lady (à Pescatoria cerina) to my hybrid Kefericzella Peppercorn, with Kefericzella Ash Trees, registered in 2025. This species has been crossed with a very wide variety of other parents, including other Warczewiczella species, with pescatorias, with kefersteinias, and even with Chondrorhyncha, Galeottia, Zygopetalum, Huntleya and, rather unbelievably, Lycaste (Lycazella Joseph Arditti [Wcz. discolor à Lyc. aromatica], registered by Harold Koopowitz in 1981). Most of these crosses were not used to produce further hybrids.\n\nWithin this set of hybrids, just a few are pertinent to the above goals, and in those cases, Wcz. discolor has been used to miniaturize plants, increase blue color and make fragrant flowers that smell like black pepper. The first of them is Wcz. Moliere, the cross between Wcz. discolor and amazonica. I can see why this is an interesting idea: to get the large lip of Wcz. amazonica, but in the blue of Wcz. discolor. This hybrid, registered by Marcel Lecoufle, has been awarded by the AOS twice, with the best example âCardronaâ AM/AOS awarded in 2006 to Steve Male at Fishing Creek Orchids. Although the color of the lip is indeed blue, and the lip is bigger, the form of the flowers is quite poor, threedimensional and n
998ot flat or full. This hybrid was used for further breeding in three additional hybrids; those hybrids seem incredibly interesting, such as Warczatoria Purple Blush (à Pes. coelestis), but no photographs of these greges exist, either in the awards records or otherwise.","spans":[{"start":391,"end":406,"type":"em"},{"start":723,"end":735,"type":"em"},{"start":751,"end":768,"type":"em"},{"start":783,"end":795,"type":"em"},{"start":813,"end":825,"type":"em"},{"start":946,"end":961,"type":"em"},{"start":1022,"end":1036,"type":"em"},{"start":1038,"end":1047,"type":"em"},{"start":1049,"end":1060,"type":"em"},{"start":1062,"end":1071,"type":"em"},{"start":1097,"end":1105,"type":"em"},{"start":1106,"end":1116,"type":"em"},{"start":1132,"end":1135,"type":"em"},{"start":1137,"end":1146,"type":"em"},{"start":1148,"end":1162,"type":"em"},{"start":1364,"end":1367,"type":"em"},{"start":1369,"end":1378,"type":"em"},{"start":1512,"end":1515,"type":"em"},{"start":1544,"end":1547,"type":"em"},{"start":1549,"end":1558,"type":"em"},{"start":1562,"end":1571,"type":"em"},{"start":1640,"end":1654,"type":"em"},{"start":1675,"end":1688,"type":"em"},{"start":2134,"end":2146,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Warczewiczella Moliere âCardronaâ AM/ AOS; exhibitor: Stephen and Geraldine Male.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHhXNYClf9ouU6_breeding01.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":688,"height":447},"id":"aVaHhXNYClf9ouU6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The second of these pertinent crosses is Wzt. Painted Lady, Wcz. discolor à Pes. cerina. This hybrid, although no longer extant and not terribly exciting in itself, is a very important parent. However, the reason behind its importance is more closely traced to Pescatoria lehmannii, which we will address later. The grex received an AD in 1992, more than 30 years after Moir registered it; although the photograph is admittedly dated, combined with the description, it provides important insights: the flowers are big, blue and attractive and produced on relatively small plants. More on this grex later.","spans":[{"start":41,"end":44,"type":"em"},{"start":60,"end":73,"type":"em"},{"start":76,"end":79,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":87,"type":"em"},{"start":261,"end":281,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Warczatoria Painted Lady AD/AOS; exhibitor: Prairie Oak Farms.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHhHNYClf9ouU5_breeding02.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":345,"height":318},"id":"aVaHhHNYClf9ouU5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nWarczatoria Cosmo-Lehman, Wcz. discolor à Pes. lehmannii, likewise contains Pes. lehmannii, and should be a fine and beautiful hybrid. Few photographs of it exist; it was registered in 1997 by Kosukai in Japan. I reached out to Kosukai, and they sent some photographs from the late 1990s of plants flowering of this grex. While some do have a nice dark blue color, the form on each is reflexed and open, not full and round. Nevertheless, it was instructive to see some photographs of the cross, which was very helpful in determining the value of Wcz. discolor as a parent. Even with the magic of Pes. lehmannii, the hybrids are not full, round, or even regular. It has no registered offspring. And I think those are important problems: breeding with Wcz. discolor is just not very successful. Even Cochlezella Overbrook (à Cochleanthes aromatica), with its 10 offspring, the most frequently used Wcz. discolor hybrid, has no awards, and none of its offspring have awards either. It just does not seem like a successful parent.","spans":[{"start":1,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":30,"type":"em"},{"start":32,"end":41,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":46,"type":"em"},{"start":48,"end":57,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":80,"type":"em"},{"start":82,"end":91,"type":"em"},{"start":547,"end":550,"type":"em"},{"start":552,"end":561,"type":"em"},{"start":597,"end":611,"type":"em"},{"start":751,"end":764,"type":"em"},{"start":799,"end":810,"type":"em"},{"start":824,"end":846,"type":"em"},{"start":897,"end":900,"type":"em"},{"start":902,"end":911,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Warczatoria Cosmo-Lehman âk-133â; photograph courtesy of Kosukai Nursery.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHg3NYClf9ouU4_breeding03.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":391},"id":"aVaHg3NYClf9ouU4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Warczatoria Cosmo-Lehman âNisshoâ BM/JOGA; photograph courtesy of Kosukai Nursery.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHgnNYClf9ouU3_breeding04.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":318},"id":"aVaHgnNYClf9ouU3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Warczatoria Cosmo-Lehman âOcean Blueâ; photograph courtesy of Kosukai Nursery","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHgXNYClf9ouU2_breeding05.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":370},"id":"aVaHgXNYClf9ouU2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Warczatoria Cosmo-Lehman âOtemoyamaâ; photograph courtesy of Kosukai Nursery.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHgHNYClf9ouU1_breeding06.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":334},"id":"aVaHgHNYClf9ouU1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Warczatoria Cosmo-Lehman âPurple Queenâ BM/JOGA; photograph courtesy of Kosukai Nursery","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHf3NYClf9ouU0_breeding07.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":349},"id":"aVaHf3NYClf9ouU0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"But, I tried anyway. I probably should not have done so, based on the results of previous hybrids with this species. I made two crosses with Wcz. discolor, and registered Kfz. Peppercorn and Warczatoria Fooled Me Twice, in 2025. Kefericzella Peppercorn, the cross between Kfz. Ash Trees and Wcz. discolor, was a cross I was excited about. Kefericzella Ash Trees is a very intriguing hybrid and is really the reason why I decided to breed plants in this genus, with the set of breeding goals above. This hybrid combines Kefersteinia tolimensis with Warczewiczella marginata. Although the flowers of this grex are not particularly attractive, my plant of Kfz. Ash Trees âStunningâ has not been out of bloom for about four years now. The frequency of flowering and the ease of growth of this hybrid made me think I could breed everblooming, easy-to-grow plants in this alliance. By combining Kfz. Ash Trees with Wcz. discolor, I hoped the offspring would be miniature, blue and fragrant. They are: the plants are small, they flower a lot and they smell like black pepper (thus registering the grex as Kfz. Peppercorn). But they are very unattractive flowers in my opinion, with open, very three-dimensional flowers, not flat or full or round. I feel this hybrid went the opposite direction in terms of making award-winning and more âregularâ flowers. They look very much like miniature Wcz. discolor flowers, and I am disappointed by the hybrid. Just as they began flowering, my cross of Wcz. discolor x Warczatoria Star Sapphire came out of flasks and went into plug trays. I was hopeful, since Wzt. Star Sapphire is a beautiful hybrid that contains Wcz. discolor already, that I would have the attractive, full, round flowers that I was looking for. I did not get that at all. They are likewise very three-dimensional, not round, and look very much like Wcz. discolor. So that is two bad crosses with this species, and I registered the hybrid as Wzt. Fool Me Twice so that I do n
998ot make the mistake of using it again. On to more fertile territory.","spans":[{"start":141,"end":154,"type":"em"},{"start":171,"end":176,"type":"em"},{"start":191,"end":203,"type":"em"},{"start":229,"end":241,"type":"em"},{"start":272,"end":275,"type":"em"},{"start":291,"end":304,"type":"em"},{"start":339,"end":351,"type":"em"},{"start":519,"end":532,"type":"em"},{"start":548,"end":572,"type":"em"},{"start":653,"end":656,"type":"em"},{"start":889,"end":892,"type":"em"},{"start":909,"end":922,"type":"em"},{"start":1098,"end":1101,"type":"em"},{"start":1383,"end":1386,"type":"em"},{"start":1388,"end":1396,"type":"em"},{"start":1485,"end":1488,"type":"em"},{"start":1490,"end":1499,"type":"em"},{"start":1501,"end":1513,"type":"em"},{"start":1593,"end":1596,"type":"em"},{"start":1648,"end":1661,"type":"em"},{"start":1853,"end":1866,"type":"em"},{"start":1945,"end":1948,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8â10] Kefericzella Peppercorn cultivars.","spans":[{"start":7,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHfnNYClf9ouUz_breeding08.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":397},"id":"aVaHfnNYClf9ouUz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHfXNYClf9ouUy_breeding09.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":397},"id":"aVaHfXNYClf9ouUy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHfHNYClf9ouUx_breeding10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":375},"id":"aVaHfHNYClf9ouUx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"H Y B R I D S W I T H P E S C AT O R I A LEHMANNIIâIn the last installment of these articles, I mentioned that this species seems like magic in producing fine offspring. Indeed, that seems to be the case. Although only nine previous registrations with this species exist, they represent some of the absolute finest hybrids in this genus, fulfilling nearly all of the breeding goals listed above (but, importantly, not all of them). This species and its hybrids are easy to grow and fast to bloom, grow well in low light, intermediate temperatures and with lots of water, are blue and are full-flowered and round. They are not typically very fragrant, and while they do bloom frequently, they do not bloom continuously, even on larger plants. The biggest issue with this species and its hybrids, though, is that they are very large plants; more than 30 inches (0.75 m) tall when mature. Further work to miniaturize them is very important. Of the registered hybrids, a few stand out, including Wzt. Star Sapphire, mentioned above, the cross between Wct. Painted Lady and Pes. lehmannii. This grex was registered by Arnold Klehm in 1996. Arnie was kind enough to supply some divisions of his plants to me in the mid-2000s; I was incredibly pleased that he maintained these plants, because despite beautiful and awardable flowers, the grex seems to have disappeared from collections. It may be because the plants are large, but they are not as large as the pure Pescatoria group breeding. Warczatoria Star Sapphire flowers are exceptionally beautiful, with a rounded shape, and great blue color; my plants, now in overgrown 5-inch (12.5 cm) pots and bloom in flushes, six or so times each year. I have high hopes for this grex as a parent and have several hybrids with it in various stages of production.","spans":[{"start":992,"end":995,"type":"em"},{"start":1047,"end":1050,"type":"em"},{"start":1069,"end":1083,"type":"em"},{"start":1485,"end":1496,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Warczatoria Star Sapphire; photographed by the author in October.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHe3NYClf9ouUw_breeding11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":372},"id":"aVaHe3NYClf9ouUw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Warczatoria Star Sapphire âGeorgiaâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Gerald Steuben.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHenNYClf9ouUv_breeding12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":318},"id":"aVaHenNYClf9ouUv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Warczatoria Star Sapphire âE.F.G.â AM/AOS; exhibitor: E.F.G. Orchids.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHeXNYClf9ouUu_breeding13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":349,"height":268},"id":"aVaHeXNYClf9ouUu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Warczatoria Star Sapphire âStar of Miamiâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Arnold Klehm Growers, Inc.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHeHNYClf9ouUt_breeding14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":345,"height":298},"id":"aVaHeHNYClf9ouUt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although pure Pescatoria hybrids such as Pes. California Plum (à coronaria) and Pes. Concord (à wallisii ) are interesting; they seem to have disappeared from collections. I had a wonderful conversation with Jim Rose about breeding in this group many years ago, in which I asked why interest had waned in what I considered to be beautiful flowers, despite a flurry of breeding in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He said, specifically referencing his hybrid Pes. Concord, that the plants simply are too large and ungainly for growers to maintain. They cannot be grown on windowsills, and they take a great deal of real estate in greenhouse culture. This conversation spurred me to begin using Kefersteinia more frequently in breeding these plants. But those Kefersteinia x Pescatoria hybrids have just been potted from plugs to 3-inch (7.5 cm) pots and are not available yet.","spans":[{"start":14,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":41,"end":44,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":74,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":83,"type":"em"},{"start":96,"end":105,"type":"em"},{"start":457,"end":460,"type":"em"},{"start":692,"end":704,"type":"em"},{"start":757,"end":770,"type":"em"},{"start":772,"end":783,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I can remember clearly the first time I saw a photo of Pescatoria Alice Hipkins (lehmannii à coelestis). It was the moment I seriously considered growing plants of this genus. I was researching Sarcochilus on the Australian Orchid Council website and saw a photograph of what was at the time called Pescatobollea Alice Hipkins and was just floored by the color and shape of this hybrid. I first found it for sale as a single seedling from Orquideas Katia in Colombia, who brought it to a show in California. I was very happy to get it, and it became Pes. Alice Hipkins âKatiaâs Pickâ. Imagine my surprise when I saw my good friend Mark Pendleton, who registered Pes. California Plum (among more than 1,000 other registrations, sometimes without proper attribution, including many of the early hybrids with Phragmipedium besseae), had remade this hybrid. I promptly purchased many of the plants, and as they have bloomed out, they have proven to be a very special grex. Again, this grex fulfills several of my breeding criteria, including beautiful, rounded, blue flowers, ease of growth, rapid growth, and frequent flowering, but they are not small plants, so that is still work to do. But, I have selected a great number of them to continue breeding with and to work to miniaturize; hybrids with them are in various stages of production at Sunset Valley Orchids.","spans":[{"start":55,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":91,"type":"em"},{"start":93,"end":102,"type":"em"},{"start":299,"end":312,"type":"em"},{"start":550,"end":553,"type":"em"},{"start":662,"end":665,"type":"em"},{"start":806,"end":827,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âPeats Ridgeâ AM/AOS. Photograph courtesy of the Australian Orchid Council.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHd3NYClf9ouUs_breeding15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":301},"id":"aVaHd3NYClf9ouUs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âKatiaâs Pickâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHdnNYClf9ouUr_breeding16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":304},"id":"aVaHdnNYClf9ouUr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âOâSideâs Bestâ","
998spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHdXNYClf9ouUq_breeding17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":345},"id":"aVaHdXNYClf9ouUq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âOâSideâs Majesticâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHdHNYClf9ouUp_breeding18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":342},"id":"aVaHdHNYClf9ouUp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âOâSideâs Majestyâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHc3NYClf9ouUo_breeding19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":507},"id":"aVaHc3NYClf9ouUo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Pescatoria Alice Hipkins âOâSideâs Perfect Shapeâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHcnNYClf9ouUn_breeding20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":409},"id":"aVaHcnNYClf9ouUn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nH Y B R I D S O F P E S C A T O R I A CORONARIA As mentioned in the previous article, I am enamored with this species, and specifically the cultivar âAndreaâ AM/AOS, preserved in the collection of Arnie Klehm and gifted to me in the early 2000s. Unfortunately, clarity with its use as a parent in producing plants that meet the above breeding characteristics is difficult to obtain. Most of the offspring of this parent are no longer extant. Hybrids, such as Pes. California Plum (à lehmannii), Pes. Coronation (à klabochorum) and Pes. Violet Crown (à coelestis), all seem like they would probably fulfill the same criteria as crosses with Pes. lehmannii mentioned above, but plants of these crosses seem to be gone. Some photographs remain, and Pes. Coronation âLindaâs Surpriseâ AM/AOS looks quite beautiful. I made the cross of Pes. coronaria and Pes. cerina, hoping for the different color profile that Pes. cerina seems to bring to its offspring. Indeed, the flowers have been quite beautiful, with varying levels of blue color, including nearly white. I named the cross Pes. Blueberry Muffin, because sometimes the muffin has a lot of blueberries, and sometimes it has none. It has been a beautiful cross, with âOsideâs Ka-Bloomâ AM/AOS a standout. Like Pes. lehmannii hybrids, they have met several of the breeding parameters above, including good shape, good color, frequent flowering, easy growth, and short time to flowering, but they are not everblooming or fragrant, and while not as large as Pes. Alice Hipkins, they are not miniature. I have high hopes for their offspring and will work to further miniaturize the plants and encourage everblooming tendencies.","spans":[{"start":460,"end":463,"type":"em"},{"start":484,"end":493,"type":"em"},{"start":496,"end":499,"type":"em"},{"start":515,"end":526,"type":"em"},{"start":532,"end":535,"type":"em"},{"start":553,"end":562,"type":"em"},{"start":641,"end":655,"type":"em"},{"start":747,"end":750,"type":"em"},{"start":832,"end":846,"type":"em"},{"start":851,"end":862,"type":"em"},{"start":908,"end":919,"type":"em"},{"start":1077,"end":1080,"type":"em"},{"start":1261,"end":1275,"type":"em"},{"start":1506,"end":1509,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Pescatoria Blueberry Muffin âOâSideâs Ka-Bloomâ AM/AOS ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHcXNYClf9ouUm_breeding21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":556},"id":"aVaHcXNYClf9ouUm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Pescatoria Blueberry Muffin âLightâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHcHNYClf9ouUl_breeding22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":675,"height":550},"id":"aVaHcHNYClf9ouUl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nHYBRIDS OF WARCZEWICZELLA CANDIDA This species also figured heavily in the last article, as my favorite species in the former Cochleanthes/ Warczwiczella group. It has exceptionally regular flowers for this group, with sepals, petals and lip all in the same plane, and quite rounded and full. It is also deliciously, and intensely fragrant, and one little flower from any of the Wcz. candida plants can perfume the whole greenhouse. Only one other grower has registered a hybrid with it, Wcz. Lip Blush, the cross with Wcz. amazonica, registered by Lehua in 1999. It has the same problems as most Wcz. amazonica hybrids, with a flower shape that is both irregular and reflexed, but has the beautiful, large flat lip of amazonica. I detailed problems with using Wcz. amazonica as a parent towards achieving my goals in the previous article, and I have not made hybrids with it.","spans":[{"start":127,"end":139,"type":"em"},{"start":141,"end":155,"type":"em"},{"start":380,"end":383,"type":"em"},{"start":385,"end":393,"type":"em"},{"start":489,"end":492,"type":"em"},{"start":520,"end":523,"type":"em"},{"start":525,"end":534,"type":"em"},{"start":598,"end":612,"type":"em"},{"start":720,"end":729,"type":"em"},{"start":762,"end":765,"type":"em"},{"start":767,"end":777,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My earliest orchid mentors were Tom McBride and Gary Krause at The Little Greenhouse outside Baltimore. I spent hours there when I was young, enjoying an incredible mixed collection of orchids, especially in the cold Maryland winters, where the greenhouse was a tropical refuge from the chill outdoors. Gary was a difficult person to please and demanded my closest attention and best work. A smile from him was meaningful. He was the best kind of mentor and insisted on rapid growth in understanding of orchids, and most importantly, recognizing problems with plants and correcting them. He passed away in 2023. In their wonderfully mixed collection, Tom and Gary managed to have some spectacular species and hybrids in the Pescatoria Alliance, including a beautiful, awarded Pescatoria dayana âHarfordâ AM/AOS that had grown into an incredible specimen. As a judge, Tom befriended John Dunkleberger, a grower and judge from southern Pennsylvania. John did some very interesting breeding in the Pescatoria Alliance, particularly focused on breeding with kefersteinias. Building on the success of breeders such as Thomas Toulemonde (who registered Kfz. Sua Mena [Wcz. amazonica à Kefst. tolimensis]), and George Black (who originally registered Kfz. Ash Trees [Wcz. marginata à Kefst. tolimensis]), Dunkleberger made several interesting crosses with Kefersteinia. He registered Keferhyncha Success and Keferhyncha Gargoyle, crosses of Kefst. tolimensis and Chondrorhyncha lendyana and Chdrh. amabilis, respectively, both in 2008. He registered Keftorella Peaches NâCream
998(Kfz. Sua Mena à Pes. cerina) in 2007. In the same year, he registered Cochlestienella Troll, Kfz. Sua Mena à Kefth. Jimâs Gem (which itself was registered by James Rumrill in 1990), and Kefericzella Little Bit, Kfz. Sua Mena à Kefst. auriculata. In addition, he remade both Kfz. Ash Trees and Kfz. Sua Mena. This set of Kefersteinia hybrids represents the largest group of breeding in this genus in the United States. Thankfully, Tom and Gary maintained some of these hybrids for nearly 20 years; it has been incredibly interesting to grow, flower and evaluate them over the last decade or so. I got my plant of Kfz. Ash Trees âStunningâ from the Little Greenhouse in 2010, specifically with a mind to cross it with Pes. Alice Hipkins. To me, Kfz. Ash Trees could help to miniaturize large pescatorias, and it contained Wcz. marginata, so it should be able to breed blue in the subsequent generation. As I grew the Kfz. Ash Trees plant over the year, trying to find Pes. Alice Hipkins to breed with it, I noticed that it seemed to be in bloom all the time. I actually started keeping track in 2021. It has not been out of bloom since. The photograph of the plant is instructive: it is holding a six month-old seed capsule, has copious old inflorescences since I cleaned it last, about a year previously, and is in flower and bud all over the plant. Now, Kfz. Ash Trees is not without problems. It is not blue, fragrant, or really a very regular or round flower. But it is miniature, exceptionally easy to grow, and everblooming. Before I was able to get a Pes. Alice Hipkins, I thought I would try to cross it with Warczewiczella candida, to see if Kfz. Ash Trees was able to breed blue in the next generation.","spans":[{"start":724,"end":734,"type":"em"},{"start":776,"end":793,"type":"em"},{"start":995,"end":1005,"type":"em"},{"start":1147,"end":1150,"type":"em"},{"start":1162,"end":1165,"type":"em"},{"start":1167,"end":1176,"type":"em"},{"start":1179,"end":1184,"type":"em"},{"start":1186,"end":1196,"type":"em"},{"start":1244,"end":1247,"type":"em"},{"start":1260,"end":1263,"type":"em"},{"start":1265,"end":1275,"type":"em"},{"start":1277,"end":1282,"type":"em"},{"start":1284,"end":1294,"type":"em"},{"start":1377,"end":1388,"type":"em"},{"start":1401,"end":1412,"type":"em"},{"start":1434,"end":1451,"type":"em"},{"start":1456,"end":1479,"type":"em"},{"start":1484,"end":1499,"type":"em"},{"start":1543,"end":1553,"type":"em"},{"start":1571,"end":1574,"type":"em"},{"start":1576,"end":1584,"type":"em"},{"start":1587,"end":1590,"type":"em"},{"start":1592,"end":1598,"type":"em"},{"start":1641,"end":1656,"type":"em"},{"start":1664,"end":1667,"type":"em"},{"start":1669,"end":1677,"type":"em"},{"start":1680,"end":1685,"type":"em"},{"start":1757,"end":1769,"type":"em"},{"start":1782,"end":1785,"type":"em"},{"start":1798,"end":1815,"type":"em"},{"start":1845,"end":1848,"type":"em"},{"start":1864,"end":1867,"type":"em"},{"start":1891,"end":1903,"type":"em"},{"start":2183,"end":2186,"type":"em"},{"start":2287,"end":2290,"type":"em"},{"start":2314,"end":2317,"type":"em"},{"start":2391,"end":2394,"type":"em"},{"start":2396,"end":2405,"type":"em"},{"start":2486,"end":2489,"type":"em"},{"start":2494,"end":2495,"type":"em"},{"start":2537,"end":2540,"type":"em"},{"start":2925,"end":2928,"type":"em"},{"start":2930,"end":2934,"type":"em"},{"start":3127,"end":3130,"type":"em"},{"start":3186,"end":3208,"type":"em"},{"start":3220,"end":3223,"type":"em"},{"start":3225,"end":3228,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Kefericzella Ash Trees OâSideâs Stunning","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHb3NYClf9ouUk_breeding23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":327,"height":430},"id":"aVaHb3NYClf9ouUk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Kefericzella Ash Trees","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHbnNYClf9ouUj_breeding24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":430},"id":"aVaHbnNYClf9ouUj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I registered Kfz. Gary Krause (Ash Trees âStunningâ à Wcz. candida âOsideâs Sweetâ) in 2023. It seemed like a fitting tribute to my mentor, who preserved Kfz. Ash Trees for so long. As they began to flower, I was very excited by the result. The plants matured quickly, moving from flasks to plug trays to 3-inch (7.5 cm) pots in less than a year. In just three months after transplanting to 3-inch (7.5 cm) pots, the first plants flowered, with round, full, regular flowers, with lips in beautiful shades of deep rose and dark blue, combined with white and chartreuse sepals and petals. The flowers were fragrant, taking after the Wcz. candida parent with a beautiful, roselike, sweet fragrance. Now, two years later, some of the select plants have matured into beautiful specimens, potted into 4â5- inch (10â12.5 cm) pots. The photograph of Kfz. Ash Trees âLip Serviceâ in a 4-inch (10 cm) pot is instructive: the plant is small, has lots of flowers and buds in various stages of maturity and will bloom over the course of the next several months. The plants are about 8 inches (20 cm) tall, so nicely miniature. They flower frequently but are not quite everblooming. I am hoping that as they get older, they will be. One of the cultivars, âOsideâs Purple Blushâ, has bloomed for the last 10 months, but it is still too early to tell whether that will continue. I am excited about this cross, and have remade it, and also sib-crossed them, so I should have more data to collect in the future. It is nice to end with a very positive cross.","spans":[{"start":13,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":57,"type":"em"},{"start":59,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":154,"end":157,"type":"em"},{"start":631,"end":634,"type":"em"},{"start":636,"end":644,"type":"em"},{"start":842,"end":845,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] Warczewiczella candida âOâSideâs Sweet ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHbXNYClf9ouUi_breeding25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":379},"id":"aVaHbXNYClf9ouUi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] Warczewiczella candida âOâSideâs Perfect Shape","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHbHNYClf9ouUh_breeding26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":372},"id":"aVaHbHNYClf9ouUh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"GROWING PESCATORIA ALLIANCE PLANTS These plants are exceptionally easy to grow. I grow with a large collection of paphiopedilums, in low light, intermediate temperatures and lots of water. One of my goals in breeding this alliance is to make plants that are easy to grow indoors and under lights, in consistent conditions yearround. These are plants that experience little seasonality in nature, and so need conditions much like your home, where the temperature and light level (and hopefully the frequency of watering) stay very similar all year long. That allows them to make and mature new growths all year, and to bloom whenever those growths mature. This encourages their everblooming nature. I grow them in good-quality New Zealand sphagnum moss in plastic pots. I grow some hanging, and they seem to enjoy that, and it is a good way to see the blooms. They are grown in a large greenhouse in the complex at Sunset Valley Orchids and are shaded to about 1,500 footcandles (85% shade). The heater turns on at 50 F (10 C), but the plants are at the far end of the greenhouse, so they definitely experience temperatures well into the 40s F (\u003e5 C). At the upper end, Vista, California can get very hot, well above 100 F (37.8 C) during the day for weeks at a time in the summer. I water them frequently, once per week in the winter and two or three times per week during the rest of the year, depending on the temperature. They stay very wet, and seem to enjoy that, pushing themselves out of their pots with immense root growth. Helping this along, we fertilize at about ½ teaspoon of fertilizer per gallon (~â
ml/l), every watering, into good-quality, lowhardness water. They are easy to grow and very rewarding with all of their flowers. I encouraged y
998ou last time to try growing the species in the background of these crosses; I will encourage you now to try the hybrids as well! Try something new!","spans":[{"start":8,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27]â Kefericzella Gary Krause #1 ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28]â Kefericzella Gary Krause #2 ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29]â Kefericzella Gary Krause #3 ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âLip serviceâ ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âOâSideâs Blueberriesâ ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âOâSideâs Purple Blushâ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHbHNYClf9ouUg_breeding27-32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":541,"height":991},"id":"aVaHbHNYClf9ouUg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âOâsideâs Purple Monsterâ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[34]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âOâSides Purple Tipsâ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[35]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âOâSideâs Stunningâ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[36]â Kefericzella Gary Krause âSunset Valley Orchidsâ","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[37]â Kefericzella Gary Krause plant","spans":[{"start":6,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVaHa3NYClf9ouUf_breeding33-37.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":928,"height":1156},"id":"aVaHa3NYClf9ouUf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âSince Tim was young, one of his passions has always been plants. He began growing orchids in high school and expanded his collection as an offshoot from working at Longwood Gardens in Philadelphia just after college. From the very beginning, it was all about paphiopedilums, particularly awarded and select clones of historic importance, of which his collection numbers in the thousands. While he loves finding old, rare stepping stones in paph breeding, he also does a little hybridizing of his own, and growing and flowering his hybrids is very exciting. He was once the youngest accredited judge with the American Orchid Society and has been a judge now for 20 years; he has served in various capacities with various orchid societies in California and on the East Coast. Recently, he partnered with Fred Clarke to greatly expand the selection of paphs at Sunset Valley Orchids through the acquisition of significant parts of Sam Tsuiâs collection at Orchid Inn. He loves meeting other people who like orchids too, and doing so often finds him traveling to shows, vendors and peoplesâ greenhouses to see the latest and greatest in new hybrids and species. He likes to be involved in plants as much as possible: in addition to Longwood, he worked at the Smithsonian Institution tending to their orchids, and for years for the United States National Arboretum, collecting rare nonorchid plants and documenting cultivated species and hybrids for their herbarium. In short, Tim Culbertson really likes plants of all kinds (email [email protected]). ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":1549,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reference Culbertson, T. 2024. Breeding with the Pescatoria Alliance. Try Something New. Orchids 93(3):192â199.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Breeding with the Pescatoria Alliance","MetaDescription":"Tim Culbertson discusses his efforts at breeding smaller, blue-flowered, floriferous hybrids in this rewarding Alliance.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aVZikxAAACEA5wnY","uid":"why-orchids-need-a-drop-in-nighttime-temperature","url":"/orchids/articles/why-orchids-need-a-drop-in-nighttime-temperature","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aVZikxAAACEA5wnY%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-01-02T02:13:57+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-01-02T18:27:14+0000","slugs":["why-orchids-need-a-drop-in-nighttime-temperature"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q93NYClf9op4m_v095n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aU9q93NYClf9op4m","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q93NYClf9op4m_v095n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aU9q93NYClf9op4m","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q-HNYClf9op4n_v095n01coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aU9q-HNYClf9op4n","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aU9q-HNYClf9op4n_v095n01coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aU9q-HNYClf9op4n","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Why Orchids Need a Drop in Nighttime Temperature","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2026-01-01","Summary":"Have You Ever wondered why all the books say that many orchids need a 10 to 20 F (about 5.5â11 C) drop in temperature from day to night? Lower nighttime temperatures are critical for good growth and flowering because there must be a proper balance between photosynthesis and respiration for a plant to grow and bloom well.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"ORCHIDS BY DAY. During the day, your plants are busy: ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Making Food. Your plants are busy using solar energy in a process called photosynthesis. Light is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars and starches. ","spans":[{"start":2,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"⢠Using Food. Your plants consume their energy reserves in a process known as respiration. The food reserves of sugars and starches are used to maintain existing tissue as well as produce new growths, flowers and seeds.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âDuring the day, your orchids are busy converting light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis, using the available light, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVZq83NYClf9ouTV_Why-Orchids01.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":459},"id":"aVZq83NYClf9ouTV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ORCHIDS BY NIGHT. At night, photosynthesis stops but growth and respiration continue drawing on the energy reserves created during the day. Respiration occurs more quickly at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. At lower temperatures, it is possible for the energy consumption to be less than energy production, allowing the plant to store energy for future use, including flowering. If night temperatures are too high, food is used faster than it can be made so growth is poor and orchids either do not flower or they flower poorly.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âAt night, your orchids consume energy reserves in a process called respiration. Respiration is temperature dependent so less energy is consumed when nights are cooler, leav
998ing the plant more energy to produce flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVZq8nNYClf9ouTU_Why-Orchids02.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":672,"height":457},"id":"aVZq8nNYClf9ouTU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROVIDING LOWER NIGHTTIME TEMPERATURES. Providing cooler nighttime temperatures can be problematic if youâre growing indoors in a climate controlled environment. Perhaps the best alternative is a programmable thermostat or manually turning the thermostat down at night. Orchids growing by a bright window will be a few degrees warmer during the day from solar gain and orchids growing by an open window may be a few degrees cooler at night in winter. Where possible, you can provide lower nighttime temperatures if you grow your orchids outdoors or on a screened porch during the warm season.\n\nFLOWER INDUCTION BY NIGHTTIME CHILLING. Many orchids require a significant dayânight temperature difference to induce flowering. Winter blooming Phalaenopsis require a 15 F (8.3 C) drop in nighttime temperature for two or three weeks to initiate their flower spikes. Cymbidiums and dendrobiums can require an even larger temperature difference. Dendrobium crumenatum is an interesting species that opens all its blooms simultaneously eight or nine days after a thunderstorm; some believe this is a result of the cooling effect of the evaporation of rainwater.","spans":[{"start":739,"end":752,"type":"em"},{"start":939,"end":960,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ZYGOPETALUMS CRAVE COOLER NIGHTS.âI have long loved zygopetalums with their bluish purple, green and bronze flowers and incredible fragrance, although they have tended to be very short-lived in my care. Iâve tried growing them in a wide variety of light conditions and potting mixes. Knowing that they like cooler conditions than we have in St. Augustine, I tried the old growerâs trick of growing them in sphagnum moss in a clay pot dropped in a second clay pot to keep them a little cooler from the water evaporating from the porous clay. They grew better, but still struggled. I was telling Fred Clarke of Sunset Valley Orchids my tale of woe and he told me to get them out of the greenhouse and under the shade of a tree. That provided a few extra degrees of nighttime cooling and the growth rate exploded over the summer. I was treated to more zygo blooms than ever before.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Zygopabstia Cosmo-Phillips (Judith Phillips à Zygopetalum Artur Elle)","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":61,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aVZq8XNYClf9ouTT_Why-Orchids03.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":322,"height":328}
998,"id":"aVZq8XNYClf9ouTT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nUnderstanding your plantâs metabolism gives you insight into how best to grow it. Cooler nighttime temperatures allow your orchid to store, rather than consume, the food it manufactured during the day. This stored energy can then be used by the plant to produce flowers. Next to insufficient light, insufficient day to night temperature change is the most likely cause of your orchid failing to bloom. if your plants are growing well and you are sure they are getting enough of the right kind of light, try dropping your night temperatures by a few degrees. You may be pleasantly surprised by the increase in flowers your plants produce.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera. They are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Publication Committee ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":413,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Why Orchids Need a Drop in Nighttime Temperature","MetaDescription":"Have You Ever wondered why all the books say that many orchids need a 10 to 20 F (about 5.5â11 C) drop in temperature from day to night? Lower nighttime temperatures are critical for good growth and flowering because there must be a proper balance between photosynthesis and respiration for a plant to grow and bloom well.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aTRswxAAAB8AtI5I","uid":"cattleya-hunting-in-brazil","url":"/orchids/articles/cattleya-hunting-in-brazil","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aTRswxAAAB8AtI5I%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-12-06T18:58:46+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-12-06T20:15:34+0000","slugs":["cattleya-hunting-in-brazil---part-1"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cattleya Hunting in Brazil - Part 1","Author":"Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis, Francisco Miranda and Christopher Maupin","ArticleDate":"2025-12-01","Summary":"This rare species finds itself in the background of several popular intergenic hybrids. Judith Rapacz-Hasler discusses its culture, providing insights into the culture of its stunning hybrids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"IN
998LATE AUGUST and early September 2024, a small group of intrepid orchid fanatics traveled to remote parts of central Brazil to visit the habitat of Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae and see wild specimens blooming. After seeing dozens of blooming C. nobilior f. amaliae (and other orchids), we then traveled south by car to visit the habitat of about six species of rupiculous Cattleya, most of which were blooming at the time. Our trip will be recounted in a two-part series, with the first part exploring the C. nobilior f. amaliae habitat and the second part discussing what we encountered in the rupiculous Cattleya habitat.","spans":[{"start":150,"end":168,"type":"em"},{"start":171,"end":178,"type":"em"},{"start":247,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":259,"end":266,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":382,"type":"em"},{"start":511,"end":519,"type":"em"},{"start":523,"end":530,"type":"em"},{"start":608,"end":616,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae showing off its flower and roots in situ. Photograph by Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTRwZnNYClf9n4am_image-cattleya-hunting.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":590,"height":787},"id":"aTRwZnNYClf9n4am","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first and third authors, and Meaghan Gormin-Maupin left Texas and arrived in São Paulo. We immediately hopped on another flight to Brasilia (the capital of Brazil) and joined our friend Francisco Miranda and his longtime friend Mauricio Verboonen (owner of Orquidario Binot, established in 1870). From there, we got into Verboonenâs car and drove north toward the small town of Taguatinga, in the State of Tocantins. The type locality for C. nobilior f. amaliae is Taguatinga, so we will not get much more specific than that with regards to where exactly we traveled. Poaching of this rare species is a problem! It is worth noting that the âtipoâ or âMatogrossoâ form of C. nobilior (taxonomically C. nobilior f. nobilior) occurs southwest of this area and within a disjunct population found in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso(Lima 2004).","spans":[{"start":446,"end":454,"type":"em"},{"start":458,"end":465,"type":"em"},{"start":675,"end":686,"type":"em"},{"start":705,"end":713,"type":"em"},{"start":717,"end":725,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Drone photograph of stunning Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae perched high up in a tree.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":50,"type":"em"},{"start":53,"end":61,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR0knNYClf9n4bC_image-cattleya-hunting-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":579,"height":315},"id":"aTR0knNYClf9n4bC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae grows within a very narrow, northâsouth-oriented strip of âcerradoâ (tropical savannah ecosystem that experiences a prolonged dry season) within a valley sandwiched between the Planalto Central (Central Highland) and Serra Geral (General Mountain Range) (Miranda 1995). This area is very rural and mountainous, with deeply incised river valleys creating rapid elevation changes. Moreover, the geology is variable, and we saw granite, limestone and basalt mountains all in close proximity. The rapid elevation changes and variable geology (which creates different types of soils) mean this is a region with significant ecosystem diversity, microclimates and variable plant communities. Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae is very specific in its preference for tree hosts (likely only growing on a few species), appears to grow within a limited elevation range and grows only in deciduous woodlands; not easy to find even if you are in the correct geographic area. Luckily, Miranda was our guide, and he has visited this region many times over the decades, specifically to find this species. While Miranda has spent recent decades in Florida, he was born and raised in Brazil and is a trained plant taxonomist with a focus on Brazilian orchids.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":21,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":714,"end":732,"type":"em"},{"start":735,"end":742,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] View of the tablelands rising above the valley hosting Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae habitat.","spans":[{"start":59,"end":76,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":87,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR2CXNYClf9n4bL_image-cattleya-hunting-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":576,"height":354},"id":"aTR2CXNYClf9n4bL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As we left our hotel, we were all noticeably excited! We drove into the bush and quickly lost any cell signal;
998 only guided by Mirandaâs memory of the region, in which he had not traveled for close to 15 years! The maze of dusty farm roads leading to unknown mountain tops and hidden valleys seemed to stretch forever. Finding these plants is not easy, and getting lost is a real possibility. Moreover, C. nobilior f. amaliae inhabits a region known for its intense dry season, and we had arrived during a severe drought. The humidity was about 20 percent each day (personal observations), the very occasional passing car (there were not many) created a dust cloud behind it and it seemed like the whole region was clouded in smoke as countless wildfires burned unabated with no human intervention. Certainly not the conditions where you expect to find epiphytes, and we may have gotten a little turned around at one point, taking the scenic route.","spans":[{"start":405,"end":413,"type":"em"},{"start":417,"end":424,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Only a handful of these Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae were low-growing and easily accessible. Note the naturally pendent habit of the inflorescence.","spans":[{"start":28,"end":46,"type":"em"},{"start":48,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR4lnNYClf9n4bP_image-cattleya-hunting-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":291,"height":339},"id":"aTR4lnNYClf9n4bP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first epiphytes we encountered were not cattleyas or even their relatives. We drove past some cattle pastures and saw the leafless pseudobulbs of a Catasetum clinging to the side of a palm tree with two seed capsules. It was great to see a member of the first authorâs favorite genus! His excitement was quickly overwhelmed when we noticed a massive Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum in full bloom, entirely encircling its host palm tree. We ended up seeing many such sights throughout this part of the trip. In fact, the blooming Cyrt. saintlegerianum on palm trees in cleared fields were easily seen from a half-mile (0.8 km) away or more! At one point, Miranda flew a brand-new drone out to one of these distant Cyrtopodium plants and got some amazing photographs and video of several specimens in full bloom on the same palm. We also encountered some likely Polystachya species, though they were not blooming. Miranda indicated that they might be undescribed because no one pays much attention to this genus in this part of Brazil.","spans":[{"start":152,"end":161,"type":"em"},{"start":354,"end":381,"type":"em"},{"start":529,"end":550,"type":"em"},{"start":713,"end":724,"type":"em"},{"start":860,"end":871,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] One of the first orchids encountered was Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum growing on a palm tree, as pointed out by Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis.","spans":[{"start":45,"end":72,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR46XNYClf9n4bQ_image-cattleya-hunting-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":580,"height":401},"id":"aTR46XNYClf9n4bQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After some time, we saw our first blooming C. nobilior f. amaliae, though the flowers were spent and starting to dry up. However, the massive root system was very apparent, and it is clear this species expends a lot of energy on this part of its anatomy. The Americans were happy, but Miranda was getting frustrated at the lack of plants encountered during our tour of the scenic route taking us to his favorite C. nobilior f. amaliae locality. We ended up seeing another C. nobilior f. amaliae, this time in full bloom but 20 feet (6 m) up in a tree. We only got to see the bottom of the flowers, but even that was exciting for some of us!","spans":[{"start":46,"end":54,"type":"em"},{"start":58,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":415,"end":423,"type":"em"},{"start":427,"end":434,"type":"em"},{"start":475,"end":483,"type":"em"},{"start":487,"end":494,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Prime Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae habitat during the dry season. These stunted trees were covered in all age classes of the species.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR5gnNYClf9n4bT_image-cattleya-hunting-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":576,"height":370},"id":"aTR5gnNYClf9n4bT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After lunch, we drove around a country road corner and looked up a very large hill, which got Miranda very excited. We had finally found his favorite C. nobilior f. amaliae locality. Epiphytic orchids occur in lush jungles in the minds of most people, so when people see photographs of this location, they are usually flabbergasted! The trees are short, no larger than an apple tree, and spaced far apart from one another. They were totally leafless, and the area looked like it had not experienced a drop of rain in many months. The grass had also died long ago, with almost no chlorophyll visible anywhere. Still, after allowing our eyes to adjust to the blazing sun and letting the dust cloud from the car pass, we started seeing more and more pops of light pink in the âtrees.â We were surrounded by C. nobilior f. amaliae! We encountered all age classes, from very small juveniles to massive clumps putting out seed capsules and flower spikes at the same time. Despite the intense drought, low humidity and constant fires, these plants were thriving. Their leaves were brown due to unrelenting sun and had deeply desiccated pseudobulbs due to lack of water, but this is a species well-adapted to such conditions. Seeing all age classes meant that population recruitment was active and that this locality was healthy. The enormous root systems on so many of the mature plants radiated out in all directions, covering more than 30 linear feet (9.16 m) of the host tree.","spans":[{"start":153,"end":161,"type":"em"}
998,{"start":165,"end":172,"type":"em"},{"start":807,"end":815,"type":"em"},{"start":819,"end":826,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Robust Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae with numerous seed capsules and buds about to open. Note the brown leaves, shriveled pseudobulbs and exposed position on the tree. All typical of this species during the dry season.","spans":[{"start":11,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR58nNYClf9n4bU_image-cattleya-hunting-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":278},"id":"aTR58nNYClf9n4bU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Next, we visited some areas that Miranda had not previously investigated for C. nobilior f. amaliae. Instead of a forested area, we were searching the remaining trees in otherwise cleared cattle pasture. It turns out that these giant, old trees were absolutely dripping in C. nobilior f. amaliae. We saw enormous plants that could be 3â4 feet (0.9â1.2 m) across and were likely very old plants, considering how slowly this species grows. Also, we could see absolutely stunning flowers that would easily receive an AOS Award of Merit (or higher!) if brought to a table of judges. So many of the flowers we encountered were flat with wide sepals and petals. High- quality examples of C. nobilior f. amaliae in cultivation are known for producing light pink to white flowers with prominent stripes on the lip. Seeing show-quality plants in the wild is truly amazing, and not many species come from wild stock that seems to fit perfectly into âidealâ judging criteria (i.e., full, flat and round). Miranda got some amazing drone footage of these quality flowers located 30 or more feet (9m) in the air.","spans":[{"start":80,"end":88,"type":"em"},{"start":92,"end":99,"type":"em"},{"start":276,"end":284,"type":"em"},{"start":288,"end":295,"type":"em"},{"start":685,"end":693,"type":"em"},{"start":697,"end":704,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae is just opening up. Note the enormous root system radiating out in every direction. A large root system is critical for success in such a hostile environment.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8BHNYClf9n4bX_image-cattleya-hunting-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":289,"height":429},"id":"aTR8BHNYClf9n4bX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] A truly stunning example of this species that might garner an AOS quality award if it were presented to a judging team in the United States.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8JHNYClf9n4ba_image-cattleya-hunting-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":288,"height":398},"id":"aTR8JHNYClf9n4ba","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We hopped one of the fences surrounding a cattle pasture, and Stephen asked Francsico if anyone would be upset that we were doing so. After all, going through fences in Texas can be hazardous to oneâs health! He mentioned that the locals were very friendly and would likely only want to know what we were looking at so intently. Still, we were careful not to jump a fence if someone was nearby so as not to show disrespect. As we explored the area, Mauricio (our orchid âeagle eyeâ who could seemingly spot orchids in trees a quarter mile [0.4 km] away!) ventured on ahead of us to see if more plants were obvious from the road. The rest of us got tired and decided it was time to head back, though where was Mauricio? We drove up and down the road for a
998while and even sent the drone to look for him. As the sun was dropping on the horizon, we wondered what happened to our companion. Considering we had no cell signal and were in the middle of nowhere, losing someone becomes a potentially dangerous situation! After about an hour, a tall, lanky figure appeared on the horizon and appeared to glide out of the sunset to walk down the hill toward our car. He was back and wondered why we had not driven down the road to pick him up! Mauricioâs long gait had taken him farther down the road than we had driven in the car while searching for him. Of course, he had found many additional C. nobilior f. amaliae plants in the trees ahead. We had an amazing sunset in the bush and returned to our hotel to eat the incredible Brazilian food in town. We planned to return in the morning and look for the plants that Mauricio had found on his walkabout.","spans":[{"start":1389,"end":1397,"type":"em"},{"start":1401,"end":1408,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Constant brushfires create amazing sunsets. Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis (left) next to Chris Maupin (right).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8SXNYClf9n4bb_image-cattleya-hunting-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":289,"height":352},"id":"aTR8SXNYClf9n4bb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Chris Maupin gets a whiff of a low-growing flower.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8VXNYClf9n4bc_image-cattleya-hunting-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":289,"height":351},"id":"aTR8VXNYClf9n4bc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The next day, we returned to the same cattle pastures that had yielded so many C. nobilior f. amaliae to expand our investigation and locate some more new locations for the species. We entered a forest next to the cattle pastures that looked like good habitat. We found some additional C. nobilior f. amaliae, including some that were at eye level. We also encountered more Cyrt. saintlegerianum and an unknown Catasetum species with a nearly fist-sized seed capsule forming. Additionally, there was a diverse assortment of blooming plants in the area that were not orchids, including Justicia, Jacaranda, Hippeastrum and Hadroanthus (Tabebuia).","spans":[{"start":82,"end":90,"type":"em"},{"start":94,"end":101,"type":"em"},{"start":289,"end":297,"type":"em"},{"start":301,"end":308,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":395,"type":"em"},{"start":411,"end":420,"type":"em"},{"start":585,"end":618,"type":"em"},{"start":621,"end":645,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Cattle pastures often provide excellent habitat for Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae host trees. Chris Maupin (foreground) and Mauricio Verboonen walk out to investigate a tree covered in the target species.","spans":[{"start":57,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":86,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8cXNYClf9n4bd_image-cattleya-hunting-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":291,"height":360},"id":"aTR8cXNYClf9n4bd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Telephoto lenses can be important when fully assessing the number of Cattleya nobilior f. amaliae on a tall tree. How many blooming plants do you see?","spans":[{"start":74,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":94,"end":102,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8kHNYClf9n4bf_image-cattleya-hunting-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":578,"height":374},"id":"aTR8kHNYClf9n4bf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One of the more interesting experiences included having lunch next to two of the few Tabebuia trees that were clearly very, very old and had somehow escaped being harvested for their extremely dense wood. These trees were easily 70 feet (21 m) tall and probably just as wide; truly stunning specimens. However, the most interesting observation was that one tree had many C. nobilior f. amaliae and the other had none. These trees were well-spaced but still close enough to have several large branches crossing into each otherâs canopies. Why would one of these have large, very mature C. nobilior f. amaliae and n
998ot the other? Their proximity means that the seeds are almost certainly traveling from the occupied tree to the unoccupied tree, but only one of them is suitable as a host. We can only speculate, but perhaps different mycorrhizal communities are present on the two trees, with only one community sufficient for orchid use. Dr. Maupin pointed out the possible role of average prevailing wind direction during the season when seeds are most likely to be dispersed. Of course, this speculation only leads to more questions, such as why two trees in proximity to one another and presumably of the same species have different mycorrhizal communities living on them? Maybe we will never really know the answer, but this conundrum certainly led to some lively discussions as we ate lunch.","spans":[{"start":85,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":382,"type":"em"},{"start":386,"end":393,"type":"em"},{"start":588,"end":596,"type":"em"},{"start":600,"end":607,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Another excellent example of the target species showing off its colors and a dehisced seed capsule.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8qnNYClf9n4bg_image-cattleya-hunting-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":573,"height":339},"id":"aTR8qnNYClf9n4bg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The next day, we drove back to Brasilia to drop off Mauricio so that he could catch a flight back to his home near Rio de Janeiro. Of course, we ended up taking a few detours to find additional C. nobilior f. amaliae and got a handful of new locations to revisit in subsequent trips. One of these detours included visiting a monstrous cave called Lapa Terra Ronca within a state park called Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca. This cave entrance is over 300 feet (91.4 m) tall and 100 feet (30.5 m) wide, with a river that plunges into it from the outside. Lapa Terra Ronca had macaws and parakeets roosting in the ceiling, and the area would likely have yielded orchids if we had searched for them. However, we needed to get Mauricio to the airport and then get to our next destination, a few daysâ drive from Brasilia. Diamantina, founded by the Portuguese in 1713 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, would serve as our home base for the next leg of our adventure as we searched for rupiculous cattleyas.","spans":[{"start":197,"end":205,"type":"em"},{"start":209,"end":216,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] The colors on some of these flowers can be quite intense, as seen on a branch about 30 feet (9.2 m) above the ground.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR8wnNYClf9n4bh_image-cattleya-hunting-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":287,"height":357},"id":"aTR8wnNYClf9n4bh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] An unidentified leafless Catasetum with a nearly mature seed capsule in the foreground.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTR82HNYClf9n4bi_image-cattleya-hunting-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":287,"height":355},"id":"aTR82HNYClf9n4bi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Stephen Van Kampen-Lewis started growing orchids around 1992 at approximately 12 years of age. He has grown orchids in Canada, Arizona, Hawaii and Texas. He is a fully accredited AOS judge and is also the Chair of the Alamo Judging Center (San Antonio). Van Kampen-Lewis has created a YouTube channel (@SVKLOrchids) in which he discusses tips and tricks for growing cattleyas, catasetums and a few other genera. He enjoys growing his orchids outside in a shade house during the summer and also has some of the tricky cattleya species in an IKEA cabinet, all near Boerne, Texas.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":579,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âFrancisco Miranda was born in Rio de Janeiro and began his taxonomic studies of the orchid family in 1981 while living in Manaus, Brazil, studying Amazonian orchids. In 1985, he left the Amazon and began field trips to Minas Gerais and EspÃrito Santo to find rupiculous Cattleya species in their natural habitats. Subsequently, he prepared hundreds of herbarium specimens and described many new species, mostly in the genus Catasetum and Mormodes. In 1987, he finished his masterâs degree and continued to make frequent field trips to the habitats of the Brazilian cattleyas. Since 2001, he has been a qualified Taxonomic Authority for the AOS, specializing in the determination of Brazilian orchids, mainly cattleyas. Presently, he owns Miranda Orchids in Haines City, Florida, where high-quality species of c
998attleyas are being produced. He gives lectures throughout the United States, Canada and also in Brazil. More recently he resumed his taxonomic work and is guiding tours to Brazil for orchid observation, photography and conservation awareness.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":1053,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âDr. Christopher Maupin is a research scientist based in Houston, Texas, where he works in the realms of paleoclimate, isotope geochemistry and severe weather. His great-grandfather, Francis King, founded an orchid nursery in Bristol, Rhode Island, during the first decade of the 1900s, operating it for most of that century. When Dr. Maupinâs grandfather moved to Florida after serving in WWII, he relocated a backyardâs worth of cattleyas there from the family nursery to his new home state. Orchids, consequently, have always been a significant part of Dr. Maupinâs life as a native Floridian. Through the past two decades, he has, with equal interest, collected Brazilian bifoliate species and relevant scientific and historical information about their habitats, life histories and climatological preferences.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":813,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lima, L.H. 2004. Noble Cattleya â The Bifoliate Cattleya nobilior Lives Up to Its Name. Orchids","spans":[{"start":48,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":88,"end":95,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"73(11):830â833.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Miranda, F.E. 1995. Orchidsâ Map Over the Continent: From the Coast Across the Mountains, Deep into the Savanna. In Brazilian Orchids edited by Teruji Shira- sawa. Sodo Publishing: Tokyo, Japan.","spans":[{"start":116,"end":133,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aS0yHRIAACMArHyz","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2025-12-01T15:27:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-12-01T15:27:18+0000","uid":"orchids-december-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"e8a65263-3607-4405-97aa-d3c1459c9576","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Cattleya Hunting in Brazil - Part 1","MetaDescription":"This rare species finds itself in the background of several popular intergenic hybrids. Judith Rapacz-Hasler discusses its culture, providing insights into the culture of its stunning hybrids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aTNM0xAAACEAsvrh","uid":"aganisia-cyanea","url":"/orchids/articles/aganisia-cyanea","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aTNM0xAAACEAsvrh%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-12-05T22:21:31+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-12-06T00:40:41+0000","slugs":["aganisia-cyanea"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB_v094n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aS0y3HNYClf9nnHB","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Aganisia Cyanea","Author":"Judith Rapacz-Hasler","ArticleDate":"2025-12-01","Summary":"This rare species finds itself in the background of several popular intergenic hybrids. Judith Rapacz-Hasler discusses its culture, providing insights into the culture of its stunning hybrids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOMOTYPIC SYNONYM","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acacallis cyanea Lindl. (1853)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acacallis caerulea (Hoehne) Hoehne 1923, Acacallis hoehnei Schltr. 1918, Acacallis rosariana V.P. Castro \u0026 J.B.F. Silva 2001, Aganisia rosariana (V.P. Castro \u0026 J.B.F. Silva) F. Barros \u0026 L.R.S. Guim, Aganisia tricolor N.E. Br. 1885, Kochiophyton caeruleum Hoehne 1910, Kochiophyton negrense Schltr. ex Cogn. 1906 and Warrea cinerea Benth. 1881.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":41,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":73,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":126,"end":144,"type":"em"},{"start":199,"end":216,"type":"em"},{"start":232,"end":254,"type":"em"},{"start":316,"end":330,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aganisia, a genus with only three species (Plants of the World Online 2025), Aganisia cyanea Rchb. f. (1869), Agn. fimbrata Rchb. f. (1874) and Agn. pulchella Lindl. (1839), are pseudobulbous epiphytes that grow primarily in wet tropical biomes of South America. These epiphytic plants have been found throughout the upper Amazon basin, particularly above the confluence of the Amazon and the RÃo Negro, and along the upper RÃo Orinoco above Puerto Ayacucho in western Venezuela but have a native range down to northern Peru. Plants grow in flat, low-lying forests in areas and, during seasonal floods, are completely submerged, without harm to the plants.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":110,"end":123,"type":"em"},{"start":144,"end":158,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aganisia cyanea, a rare species, can be found growing on trees in the warmer lowland forests of the Amazon basin, attached to the lower section of large tree trunks. Plants grow on a creeping rhizome with pseudobulbs somewhat distantly spaced along the rhizome. Peudobulbs carry one apical, pleated leaf and bloom from the base of the pseudobulb. A well-grown plant may produce a raceme of up to 10 flowers given the proper care and environment.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1â2] Aganisia cyanea, a clone produced by selfing the clone âBlueberry Cremeâ. This batch was grown to blooming size in 3.25-inch (8.25 cm) pots and shifted up to 4-inch (10 cm) pots to allow room for the next one to two years of growth. Photograph courtesy of Jerry Fischer, Orchidweb Ltd.]","spans":[{"start":6,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTNZwnNYClf9n4Gf_image-aganisia-cyanea.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":782,"height":1082},"id":"aTNZwnNYClf9n4Gf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTNZwnNYClf9n4Gg_image-aganisia-cyanea2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":882,"height":922},"id":"aTNZwnNYClf9n4Gg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I noted this delicate, almost translucent, faintly blue, cupped flower posted on Facebook by Orchids Ltd. The flower pictured here is derived from a clone produced by selfing Orchidwebâs best clone called âBlueberry Cremeâ. The flower is faintly blue, accented by an indigo-purple lip. Sepals and petals are pale lilac, and petals are darker lilac distally. Flowers are 1.5â2 inches (3.8â5 cm) in diameter, and the flowering period can last for one to three months, depending on the temperature.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Acacallis cyanea, Plate CL, Lindenia Icon. Des Orchidées, Volume 3, 1887.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":32,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":47,"end":60,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTNaMHNYClf9n4Gr_image-aganisia-cyanea3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":554},"id":"aTNaMHNYClf9n4Gr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In its native habitat, where floodwaters are rich in tannic acid, it appears that flowers are bluer than those produced in a more alkaline environment (Pers. Comm. Jerry Fischer).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aganisia cyanea has received several awards and is frequently used in hybridization with Pabstia, Lycaste, Zygopetalum, Bifrenaria, Cochleanthes and Otostylis. Examples of hybrids include Pabanisia Evaâs Blue Amazon (Agn. cyanea à Pabstia jugosa) registered by Orquideas Eva in 1995, Lycanisia Marie Riopelle (Agn. cyanea à Lycaste virginalis) registered by Marie Riopelle in 2009, Agasepalum Blue Butterfly (Zygosepalum labiosum à Agn. cyanea) registered by Exotic Orchids of Maui in 2000, Agananthes Kiritsubo (Cochleanthes wailesiana à Agn. cyanea) registered by Kokusai in 1998 Kokusai and Bifranisia Cyanthina (Bifrenaria tyrianthina à Agn. cyanea), registered by Hirota, Int., in 1997. Among these hybrids, crosses of Lycaste with Agn. cyanea (Lns. Marie Riopelle) and Zygosepalum with Agn. cyanea (Agsp. Blue Butterfly) are particularly interesting in colors and shapes. In addition, these two hybrids exemplify the various parental traits in the offspring.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":89,"end":145,"type":"em"},{"start":148,"end":158,"type":"em"},{"start":188,"end":197,"type":"em"},{"start":217,"end":245,"type":"em"},{"start":284,"end":294,"type":"em"},{"start":310,"end":342,"type":"em"},{"start":382,"end":392,"type":"em"},{"start":409,"end":443,"type":"em"},{"start":491,"end":501,"type":"em"},{"start":513,"end":550,"type":"em"},{"start":594,"end":604,"type":"em"},{"start":616,"end":652,"type":"em"},{"start":724,"end":731,"type":"em"},{"start":737,"end":748,"type":"em"},{"start":750,"end":753,"type":"em"},{"start":775,"end":786,"type":"em"},{"start":792,"end":803,"type":"em"},{"start":805,"end":809,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Lycanisia Marie Riopelle âAllegroâ AM/AOS (q); exhibitor: Marie Riopelle; photographer: Patty Drake. In hybrids with Lycaste, the form is dominated by the Lycaste parent and only the petals appear to be modified to create a somewhat flatter flower. Inset photograph: Lyc. virginalis var. armeniaca âClaudia de Archilaâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Fredy Archila Morales; photographer: Jorge Arnulfo Carlos Sanchez.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":47,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":271,"end":286,"type":"em"},{"start":292,"end":301,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTNacXNYClf9n4Gs_image-aganisia-cyanea4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1324,"height":874},"id":"aTNacXNYClf9n4Gs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Intermediate light levels of 2,400â3,400 footcandles (25,800â36,600 lux, approximately 70â80% shade) are recommended, but plants can tolerate slightly lower light levels. Exposure to direct sunlight should be avoided, as the thin leaves are easily burned. Aganisia cyanea is an intermediate to warm-growing orchid with nightly temperatures around 60â65 F (15.6â18 C). Cooler temperatures may be tolerated for short periods of time. Daytime temperatures of 90 F (32 C) and even higher may be tolerated, provided there is ample air movement and humidity. Plants grow best in high quality New Zealand sphagnum moss for adequate drainage, hydration, aeration of the roots and even drying, although plants can be grown in other typical epiphytic mixes with adequate attention given to their water needs. The fact that plants can be completely submerged during seasonal summer floods suggests keeping them moist during the hot summer months. Use a balanced fertilizer, applied only once per month. If grown in sphagnum moss, less fertilizer is necessary because the moss holds nutrients.","spans":[{"start":256,"end":271,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Agasepalum Blue Butterfly (à Zygosepalum labiosum). In hybrids with other Zygopetalinae, the traits of Agn. cyanea can be much more noticeable, ranging from blue color to flower form. Photograph courtesy of Michael Blietz, Exotic Orchids of Maui.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":33,"end":53,"type":"em"},{"start":107,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aTNa1XNYClf9n4Gz_image-aganisia-cyanea5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1344,"height":922},"id":"aTNa1XNYClf9n4Gz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aganisia cyanea, an orchid with fragrant, long-lasting flowers, makes a lovely addition to your collection!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Judith Rapacz-Hasler is a member of the AOS editorial board. She travels frequently to orchid habitats in South America and Europe and maintains a small orchid collection (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":200,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Additional Reading","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Pfahl, J. 2022. Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia (IOSPE). https://www.orchidspecies.com/acacaliscyanea.htm. Accessed June 2024","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants of the World Online 2025.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aS0yHRIAACMArHyz","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2025-12-01T15:27:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-12-01T15:27:18+0000","uid":"orchids-december-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"e8a65263-3607-4405-97aa-d3c1459c9576","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Aganisia Cyanea","MetaDescription":"This rare species finds itself in the background of several popular intergenic hybrids. Judith Rapacz-Hasler discusses its culture, providing insights into the culture of its stunning hybrids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aQQ9gREAACMAfZvF","uid":"capturing-orchids-in-madagascar","url":"/orchids/articles/capturing-orchids-in-madagascar","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref
998=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aQQ9gREAACMAfZvF%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-11-03T18:37:02+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-11-03T18:37:02+0000","slugs":["capturing-orchids-in-madagascar"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ_v094n11coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ_v094n11coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-rpReVYa31bP_v094n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aQNX-rpReVYa31bP","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-rpReVYa31bP_v094n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aQNX-rpReVYa31bP","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Capturing Orchids in Madagascar","Author":"Clare and Johan Hermans","ArticleDate":"2025-11-01","Summary":"Captain James Cook, for example, took Sydney Parkinson and John Webber. They illustrated places, plants and other wildlife during their voyages; their work is still an important permanent record.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Eighteenth-century explorers often had artists accompanying them on expeditions. Captain James Cook, for example, took Sydney Parkinson and John Webber. They illustrated places, plants and other wildlife during their voyages; their work is still an important permanent record. The invention of photography put an end to the practice. During our last travels to Madagascar, we were fortunate to have the company of one of todayâs most talented botanical artists, recording some of the exciting orchids the island has to offer.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Swollen rivers and dark clouds gathered as we passed flooded rice paddies, signs of a potentially significant storm on its way. Cynorkis speciosa, inset photograph, grows in grassland and wet roadside verges in central Madagascar.","spans":[{"start":132,"end":149,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5d7pReVYa33W5_image-madagascar1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":577,"height":789},"id":"aQQ5d7pReVYa33W5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This was our first opportunity in over 30 years to visit Madagascar during the cyclone season, February to March, which is the time when most of the orchids bloom, but also its most inhospitable. To our delight, Deborah Lambkin, botanical artist for the Royal Horticultural Society Orchid Expert Group, Curtisâs Botanical Magazine, and much else, agreed to join us. We had promised her torrential rain, violent cyclones, impassable roads, really bad food, leeches, giant spiders and innumerable tropical afflictions. Despite these dire warnings, let alone the challenges of drawing in the rain, Deborah was still keen to come. So, together with her sister Imelda, we set off on what became a most memorable expedition.","spans":[{"start":303,"end":330,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cynorkis syringescens was described
998in 2017 from the Tapia forest in central Madagascar. It is a suspected natural hybrid between Cynorkis speciosa and Cynorkis fastigiata.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":134,"end":151,"type":"em"},{"start":156,"end":175,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5crpReVYa33W4_image-madagascar2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":297},"id":"aQQ5crpReVYa33W4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We met up in the capital Antananarivo, having arrived via different routes, the Hermans via Mauritius, where we explored the previous week, and the sisters from Dublin and London via Paris where Air France had left Deborahâs luggage with little prospect of them being reunited in the near future ... Our accommodation was in a tiny hotel in the Monaco embassy where all the plumbing worked, the beds were soft, the beer was ice cold but cost almost as much as Madagascarâs national debt.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Aerangis ellisii is now rare in its natural habitat, here growing on a rocky hillside in central Madagascar.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5cbpReVYa33W3_image-madagascar3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":297},"id":"aQQ5cbpReVYa33W3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The following morning, we headed south on the Route National 7 (RN7) in two sturdy four-wheel-drive cars, a bonus this time of year as one could pull the other out of the mud if required, much quicker than the shovel alternative. Our trusted drivers and guides were Niry and Hasina; besides being excellent drivers, they are also great orchid spotters.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] A closer photograph of the flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5cLpReVYa33W1_image-madagascar4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":304},"id":"aQQ5cLpReVYa33W1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] First sketches by Deborah Lambkin of Aerangis ellisii, made during the trip.","spans":[{"start":41,"end":57,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5b7pReVYa33W0_image-madagascar5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":199,"height":219},"id":"aQQ5b7pReVYa33W0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"From the start of the drive, the sky was overcast and threatening; more ominous were the flooded rice paddies and swollen rivers, the result of recent heavy rain, but soon the sun broke through. The road had deteriorated significantly since our November 2024 Orchid Conservation Alliance (OCA) trip. It was slow going, and we made a brief stop at Col Tapia, a famous orchid locality, to break the long drive. We found many Cynorkis, including Cynorkis speciosa and Cynorkis fastigiata, and the very pretty Cynorkis syringescens, described just a few years ago. A special find was Aerangis ellisii in full bloom in relative shade under the Tapia trees (Uapaca bojeri). It is a horticulturally desirable species and collected for roadside sale to locals, so it was good to see some flowering plants in the wild where they belong. Although Air France had not lost Deborahâs watercolors and pencils, frustratingly, there was little time to draw the exciting find, but it still resulted in a superb painting, completed after the trip.","spans":[{"start":423,"end":431,"type":"em"},{"start":443,"end":460,"type":"em"},{"start":465,"end":484,"type":"em"},{"start":506,"end":527,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] The finished painting of Aerangis ellisii by Deborah Lambkin, found in central Madagascar. ","spans":[{"start":29,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5brpReVYa33Wz_image-madagascar6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":418,"height":597},"id":"aQQ5brpReVYa33Wz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Cynorkis uniflora is one of the largest and most colorful of the genus; it grows in rock crevices and damp areas. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5bLpReVYa33Wy_image-madagascar7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":259},"id":"aQQ5bLpReVYa33Wy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] The roads near Ambatofinandrahana had become impassable, even for sturdy 4WD vehicles.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5abpReVYa33Ww_image-madagascar9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":274},"id":"aQQ5abpReVYa33Ww","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TO THE WILD WEST After an overnight stop at the wood carving town of Ambositra, we left the RN7 and traveled west to the small dusty town of Ambatofinandrahana. On the way, we stopped at a granite inselberg with a swampy seepage, a site we knew had plentiful Cynorkis in the past. Unfortunately, repeated burning had left it almost bare, but a single Cynorkis uniflora was in flower, and Deborah managed a quick drawing. If the RN7 was bad, this road was even worse, with fallen trees, deep fissures and numerous mud slides encroaching onto the road. Ambatofinandrahana is in an area of marble outcrops, and the plan was to visit an orchid-rich habitat on one of the marble slopes. Access was via a dirt track which crossed a simple log bridge, but when we arrived, the approach to the bridge had washed away and was impassible. Instead, we settled for exploring the site of a former marble quarry near the town, even then, we had to abandon the cars midway and walk due to the state of the road. Habenaria is another terrestrial genus which, like Cynorkis, flowers during the rainy season and one we were keen to see; on cue, the beautiful Habenaria incarnata and Habenaria cirrhata were found growing in the undergrowth at the quarry. We left as the clouds gathered and retreated to the only âhotelâ in town, presided over by 91-year-old Mama Noora. To ease the anticlimax following the luxury of the Monaco embassy, we had reserved the only detached bungalow in the garden with rickety beds and âensuiteâ bathroom (a large plastic drum of water and bucket). Unfortunately, our accommodation had been commandeered by heavily armed policemen, investigating the recent dramatic assassination of the townâs mayoress. We apparently had no choice but to settle for rooms in the main house with communal showers (an even larger drum of water and bucket) and toilets open to the elements, down a rickety staircase, and creaky floorboards and beds. A tremendous tropical storm also added to the ambiance. The next morning, a close encounter was avoided when the resident policeman remained silently hidden behind the shower curtain during the ladiesâ ablutions and only made a quick dash for freedom when Johan took his turn for the bathroom.","spans":[{"start":259,"end":268,"type":"em"},{"start":351,"end":368,"type":"em"},{"start":997,"end":1007,"type":"em"},{"start":1048,"end":1056,"type":"em"},{"start":1141,"end":1161,"type":"em"},{"start":1165,"end":1184,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Outcrops of marble near Ambatofinandrahana are a good habitat for orchids. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5abpReVYa33Ww_image-madagascar9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":274},"id":"aQQ5abpReVYa33Ww","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Habenaria incarnata has 6-foot (1.8 m) inflorescences, here growing in a marble quarry near Ambatofinandrahana in central Madagascar. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5aLpReVYa33Wv_image-madagascar10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":274},"id":"aQQ5aLpReVYa33Wv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Habenaria cirrhata has some of the biggest flowers in the genus; it is known locally as the bullâs horn orchid. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5Z7pReVYa33Wu_image-madagascar11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":274},"id":"aQQ5Z7pReVYa33Wu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Angraecum sororium is one of Madagascarâs most majestic angraecoids. Here, growing on a rocky outcrop in the center of the island. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5ZrpReVYa33Ws_image-madagascar12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":171},"id":"aQQ5ZrpReVYa33Ws","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Deborah Lambkin working on preliminary sketches of Angraecum sororium. ","spans":[{"start":56,"end":74,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQRJvLpReVYa33Zl_image-madagascar13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":970,"height":741},"id":"aQRJvLpReVYa33Zl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] A sketch by Deborah Lambkin of Angcm. sororium on a postcard to be sent later","spans":[{"start":36,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5ZbpReVYa33Wq_image-madagascar14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":414,"height":256},"id":"aQQ5ZbpReVYa33Wq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"On the drive back to the main road, we realized just how much rain had fallen during the night; one of the big concrete bridges had shifted sideways from its footing by a couple of feet. Our cars passed gingerly, but a truck was being offloaded of rice sacks to lighten it before crossing; access and exit to the town suddenly looked very precarious.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another Tapia wood was a convenient stopping place to take a break and offered an abundance of orchids. The numerous boulders between the trees provided shade and humidity for terrestrials and lithophytes, and the fissured bark of the trees was a good base for epiphytes. We had seen the gigantic Angraecum sororium in flower among the boulders in mid-January and were hopeful some would still be open in late February. We were not disappointed, though many had fresh capsules; there were still a considerable number in flower, and even better, they were still faintly scented at 9.30 am. Moreover, it was dry, so Deborah was able to settle down and capture the magnificent blooms. The rest of us went orchid spotting and found the diminutive but attractive
998Cynorkis baronii, Cynorkis fastigiata, Cynorkis lilacina, Polystachya mauritiana and much more.","spans":[{"start":297,"end":315,"type":"em"},{"start":758,"end":774,"type":"em"},{"start":776,"end":795,"type":"em"},{"start":797,"end":814,"type":"em"},{"start":816,"end":839,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Cynorkis baronii grows together with Angraecum sororium. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":42,"end":60,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5ZLpReVYa33Wp_image-madagascar15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":297},"id":"aQQ5ZLpReVYa33Wp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Lost luggage greeted us, in a rice sack, at a busy road junction in the middle of the highlands. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5Y7pReVYa33Wo_image-madagascar16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":295},"id":"aQQ5Y7pReVYa33Wo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Aeranthes caudata was in full bloom in the Ranomafana reserve; the flowers were almost 10 inches (25 cm) long. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5YbpReVYa33Wn_image-madagascar17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":283},"id":"aQQ5YbpReVYa33Wn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Angraecum ankeranense in the Ranomafana reserve; the spur is about three inches (7.5 cm) long. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5YLpReVYa33Wm_image-madagascar18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":201,"height":283},"id":"aQQ5YLpReVYa33Wm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] A sketch of Angraecum ankeranense by Deborah Lambkin.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5X7pReVYa33Wl_image-madagascar19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":199,"height":270},"id":"aQQ5X7pReVYa33Wl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"INTO THE RAINFOREST, REUNITED WITH LUGGAGE Finally, we reached civilization at the junction with the RN7 and an important rendezvous with a suitcase. There we met Hasinaâs son, who had collected it from the airport and traveled to meet us on a taxi-brousse, small buses which connect towns and villages all over the island. Aside from other essentials, Deborah was reunited with her big drawing pad, pencils and solar light. The latter turned out to be more useful than expected for finishing drawings in the evenings, as the light was often very dim in the rooms.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Cynorkis calanthoides growing at the base of the crown of a giant Pandanus in the Ranomafana reserve. It is one of the few true epiphytic members of the genus. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5X7pReVYa33Wk_image-madagascar20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":414,"height":574},"id":"aQQ5X7pReVYa33Wk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Platylepis densiflora, one of the less assuming orchids in the Ranomafana reserve. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5XbpReVYa33Wj_image-madagascar21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":283},"id":"aQQ5XbpReVYa33Wj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Angraecum mauritianum is a widespread and relatively common species; the flowers become bright yellow and then orange with age. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5XLpReVYa33Wh_image-madagascar22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":283},"id":"aQQ5XLpReVYa33Wh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] The minute Bulbophyllum discilabium was one of the many species seen in the Ranomafana forest. ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5W7pReVYa33Wg_image-madagascar23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":201,"height":280},"id":"aQQ5W7pReVYa33Wg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Bulbophyllum sandrangatense in the Ranomafana rainforest. It was first found in 1965.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5WrpReVYa33Wf_image-madagascar24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":279},"id":"aQQ5WrpReVYa33Wf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ominously, as we approached the eastern rainforest, the heavens opened, preparing us for rain-soaked walks and leeches, but the following day, the skies cleared and we spent a dry day in Vohipara, part of the Ranomafana National Park. The very same area we visited in November 2024 then had just seven orchids; this time we spotted almost 40 different species in flower. Highlights were Aeranthes caudata and Angraecum ankeranense, both of which Deborah drew, plus the epiphytic Cynorkis calanthoides, growing in the top of a tall Pandanus. Bulbophyllums were also well represented, including Bulbophyllum discilabium, Bulbophyllum molossus and Bulbophyllum sandrangatense together with Aerangis citrata and Aerangis articulata. On the trail, we passed through a newly burned part of the forest; the rains had been delayed, and in late January, a fire had been started deliberately some distance away and quickly spread to the reserve. The whole community had fought to control it, and even the schools were shut to allow the kids to help. It showed how vulnerable the National Parks are to the destructive effects of slash and burn and other pyromaniacs.","spans":[{"start":387,"end":405,"type":"em"},{"start":409,"end":430,"type":"em"},{"start":479,"end":500,"type":"em"},{"start":593,"end":617,"type":"em"},{"start":645,"end":673,"type":"em"},{"start":687,"end":704,"type":"em"},{"start":708,"end":727,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] The leafless Microcoelia macrantha was in full bloom in the Mahakajy reserve. ","spans":[{"start":18,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5WbpReVYa33We_image-madagascar25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":295},"id":"aQQ5WbpReVYa33We","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] Aeranthes albidiflora is a very rare species described
998in the 1960âs, growing here in deep shade by a fast-flowing river. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5WLpReVYa33Wd_image-madagascar26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":297},"id":"aQQ5WLpReVYa33Wd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] The flowers of Aeranthes angustidens are suspended from 6-foot-long (1.8 m), wiry flower spikes; the plant is in the top left of the photo, the flowers right at the bottom. ","spans":[{"start":20,"end":41,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5V7pReVYa33Wc_image-madagascar27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":306},"id":"aQQ5V7pReVYa33Wc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] Detail of the flowers of Aeranthes angustidens, in the Ranomafana area of Madagascar. ","spans":[{"start":30,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5VrpReVYa33Wb_image-madagascar28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":306},"id":"aQQ5VrpReVYa33Wb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Oeonia brauniana var. sarcanthoides in its habitat by a fast-flowing river near the 29 Ranomafana reserve.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5VbpReVYa33WZ_image-madagascar29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":249},"id":"aQQ5VbpReVYa33WZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Our mission the next day was to see the habitat of the elusive leafless Gastrodia agnicellus, named for Deborah in 2020, who illustrated the orchid for the original description from herbarium material and won the prestigious Margaret Flockton Award for the drawing. We found the spot, but there was no evidence of even the seed capsules that extend a foot above the leaf litter and are occasionally seen in December. The flowers appear intermittently in August to September and are difficult to find, buried deep in leaf litter. Instead, nearby was another fascinating terrestrial Platylepsis densiflora and also the more glamorous epiphyte Angraecum mauritianum. When fresh, the Angraecum flowers were a brilliant white, fading to yellow and then consistently becoming bright orange after fertilization. This dramatic color transformation was a new observation for us.","spans":[{"start":72,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":581,"end":604,"type":"em"},{"start":641,"end":651,"type":"em"},{"start":680,"end":690,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Drawing Oeo. brauniana var. sarcanthoides in its habitat attracted a lot of local admiration. ","spans":[{"start":13,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":33,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5VLpReVYa33WY_image-madagascar30.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":295},"id":"aQQ5VLpReVYa33WY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] Oeo. brauniana var. sarcanthoides is one of the prettiest but also one of Madagascarâs rarest orchids.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5U7pReVYa33WX_image-madagascar31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":294},"id":"aQQ5U7pReVYa33WX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] Oeo. brauniana var. sarcanthoides was drawn, photographed and measured in preparation for a finished botanical painting. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5UrpReVYa33WW_image-madagascar32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":130},"id":"aQQ5UrpReVYa33WW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33] Bulbophyllum longiflorum is one of the very few orchids with a much wider distribution in Southeast Asia across to the southwestern Pacific islands and northeast Australia, Africa and the West Indian Ocean Islands.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQRLUbpReVYa33aT_image-madagascar33.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":133},"id":"aQRLUbpReVYa33aT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the afternoon, we visited Mahakajy, a private reserve nestled in between two rivers. The most interesting part was the forest located at the waterâs edge with many epiphytes benefitting from the moisture from the river. Here were Microcoelia macrantha, Aeranthes albidiflora and Aeranthes angustidens, the latter growing in deep shade, only revealed by the dangling iridescent green flower contrasting with the dark tree trunk behind. The inflorescences were 6 feet (1.8 m) long. It turned out it was the season for Aeranthes, as we would eventually see seven different ones. The find of the day was Oeonia brauniana var. sarcanthiodes, right at the waterâs edge and 10 feet (3 m) up in a thin tree. Naturally, Deborah drew it, which meant one of us holding the tree down to bring the plant to eye level before releasing it when she had finished. The entire process was watched intently by the drivers and guides, spellbound by the magic of the emerging drawing. Other gems nearby were the tiny Lemurella virescens and Bulbophyllum longiflorum.","spans":[{"start":233,"end":254,"type":"em"},{"start":256,"end":277,"type":"em"},{"start":282,"end":303,"type":"em"},{"start":519,"end":528,"type":"em"},{"start":603,"end":620,"type":"em"},{"start":625,"end":638,"type":"em"},{"start":998,"end":1018,"type":"em"},{"start":1022,"end":1046,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[34] Cynorkis gibbosa, one of the most eye-catching orchids along the road in Madagascar, is now increasingly rare. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5UbpReVYa33WV_image-madagascar34.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":205,"height":262},"id":"aQQ5UbpReVYa33WV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[35] The diminutive Bulb. analamzoatrae in its type locality in the Analamazaotra reserve in Eastern Madagascar. ","spans":[{"start":20,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5ULpReVYa33WU_image-madagascar35.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":261},"id":"aQQ5ULpReVYa33WU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[36] A postcard sketch by Deborah Lambkin of Bulb. longiflorum, to be mailed later during the trip. ","spans":[{"start":45,"end":62,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5TrpReVYa33WS_image-madagascar36.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":205,"height":114},"id":"aQQ5TrpReVYa33WS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[37] Deborah Lambkin organizes her postcard paintings for mailing. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5T7pReVYa33WT_image-madagascar37.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":205,"height":295},"id":"aQQ5T7pReVYa33WT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[38] Deborahâs cards were checked, covered in stamps, vigorously franked (postmarked) and mailed at the Andasibe post office.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5TbpReVYa33WR_image-madagascar38.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":205,"height":294},"id":"aQQ5TbpReVYa33WR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It was now time to move on and head north to Tana and then due east to the Andasibe rainforest area. The first dayâs drive was very windy as a cyclone had passed during the night heading toward the nearby islands of Réunion and Mauritius. Later, we heard that violent storms had also hit Madagascar to the North and South of us, with several casualties and much damage. Thankfully, all we knew was some heavy rain during the night. We made a brief stop to photograph the striking scarlet Cynorkis gibbosa growing on a steep roadside bank; much of the habitat had been destroyed by tree clearance to plant pelargoniums for distilling essential oil. Regrettably, after a few years, the price of oil plummeted, so most stills were now idle, leaving natural habitats destroyed, the fields abandoned and many Cynorkis lost. After this, the drive was uneventful apart from a truck stuck under a railway bridge; luckily, we were able to pass and knew the situation would be quickly resolved without a safety assessment of the bridge or closure of the road, unlike at home.","spans":[{"start":488,"end":505,"type":"em"},{"start":804,"end":812,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POSTCARDS AND ORCHID BONANZA We spent the following five days near Andasibe, still one of the most orchid-rich areas with many different habitats to visit. Some were long-standing National Parks, others were more recently protected, including a village reserve; ongoing research is showing that some of the local reserves can harbor up to 150 different orchids, or 15% of the entire Madagascar flora, with pretty much all of them endemic. Bulbophyllums were most plentiful in both National Parks: Mantadia and Analamazoatra at a lower elevation. They included Bulbophyllum pandurella , Bulbophyllum liparidoides , Bulbophyllum pleurothallopsis , Bulbophyllum longiflorum and Bulbophyllum analamazoatrae in its type locality. In addition, there was the pretty Jumellea stenophylla and much else. One morning on the way to Analamazoatra, we stopped at the tiny post office in Andasibe village. Deborah had painted her own orchidaceous post cards in the evenings and needed stamps to send them around the world. The whole thing became the highlight of the year for the Madagascar postal service; each of the cards had most of its surface covered by a series of stamps ceremoniously licked by the assistant postmistress, then stamped with great gusto and big smiles and then put in the post box. We were only cautiously optimistic that they would arrive sometime, but were amazed when the fastest took just seven days! All of them subsequently reached their destination, the lucky recipients finding a unique work of art in their mailbox.","spans":[{"start":452,"end":453,"type":"em"},{"start":560,"end":584,"type":"em"},{"start":586,"end":612,"type":"em"},{"start":614,"end":644,"type":"em"},{"start":646,"end":670,"type":"em"},{"start":675,"end":703,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[39] Jumellea lignosa is one of the more imposing of the genus, here growing in the Maromizaha reserve. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5TLpReVYa33WQ_image-madagascar39.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":253},"id":"aQQ5TLpReVYa33WQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[40] Angraecum chermezonii was common in the Maromizaha, but just a few flowers remained. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5S7pReVYa33WP_image-madagascar40.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":253},"id":"aQQ5S7pReVYa33WP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[41] The large flowers of Angraecum lecomtei are carried on tiny plants in Maromizaha. ","spans":[{"start":26,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5SrpReVYa33WO_image-madagascar41.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":202,"height":285},"id":"aQQ5SrpReVYa33WO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[42] Polystachya anceps is often wrongly identified as Polystachya rhodochila in the literature and in cultivation. Here, growing in the Maromizaha rainforest.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":55,"end":77,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5SbpReVYa33WN_image-madagascar42.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":283},"id":"aQQ5SbpReVYa33WN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The next reserve was Maromizaha, a Natural Resource Reserve. We had only recently returned to this area, as earlier degradation had greatly regenerated after a private foundation became involved in 2015. Again, bulbophyllums were predominant, but there was the large flowered Jumellea lignosa and a less imposing green Angraecum chermezonii, together with scattered plants of Angraceum lecomtei, one of which Deborah drew. One of the most exciting finds was the real Polystachya anceps, often misidentified in cultivation.","spans":[{"start":276,"end":293,"type":"em"},{"start":319,"end":340,"type":"em"},{"start":376,"end":394,"type":"em"},{"start":467,"end":485,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The best forest was in the village reserve of Iaroka, which is relatively new and undisturbed, but slash and burn and lightning strikes remained a constant threat. Since our first visit in 2017, it has gained official recognition and is supported by the French Orchid Society (Fédération France Orchidées) who established a primary school for the village children in 2024. After a brief stop at the school to leave Deborahâs drawing materials with the schoolteacher, we went down to a Screw-Palm (Pandanus) swamp, admiring Angraecum panificolium growing beside the path. The Pandanus was host to Eulophiella roempleriana plants, which were in full bloom for the OCA group the previous November and now had orangesized seed capsules that had recently burst. The presence of small plants on the Pandanus trunks was heartwarming, for it is frequently collected, and so far, the colony has survived thanks to the guardianship of the village rangers. The bog was rich in other species too, including the diminutive epiphytic Liparis ornithorrhynchos and the dark red Bulbophyllum septatum. In addition, nearby was a large plant of Aerangis articulata with a magnificent spike, frustratingly ready to open in a couple of days. The next day, we visited a different part of the reserve and found others in flower, including many Aeranthes aemula scattered throughout the forest and a birds-nest-like clump of Aeranthes nidus, nidus being the Latin for nest. The dayâs highlights were a large plant of Angraecum filicornu on a big tree trunk and a solitary plant of what is probably Angraecum elephantinum, which Deborah drew. Down in a second swamp was Cynorkis calanthoides in flower on the top of a Pandanus, nearby were Calanthe sylvatica and Liparis scaposa.","spans":[{"start":523,"end":546,"type":"em"},{"start":596,"end":621,"type":"em"},{"start":1020,"end":1044,"type":"em"},{"start":1062,"end":1083,"type":"em"},{"start":1126,"end":1145,"type":"em"},{"start":1401,"end":1416,"type":"em"},{"start":1418,"end":1424,"type":"em"},{"start":1493,"end":1513,"type":"em"},{"start":1574,"end":1596,"type":"em"},{"start":1645,"end":1667,"type":"em"},{"start":1715,"end":1734,"type":"em"},{"start":1738,"end":1753,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[43] Aeranthes aemula in the Eastern rainforest.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5SLpReVYa33WM_image-madagascar43.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":204,"height":313},"id":"aQQ5SLpReVYa33WM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[44]âPlants of Aeranthes nidus form a ânestâ around tree trunks with the leaves catching falling vegetation and forming a microhabitat. The inset photograph is a close-up of a flower of Aeranthes nidus. ","spans":[{"start":15,"end":30,"type":"em"},{"start":186,"end":201,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5R7pReVYa33WL_image-madagascar44.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":201,"height":313},"id":"aQQ5R7pReVYa33WL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[45] An enormous colony of Angraecum filicornu, in the Iaroka reserve. ","spans":[{"start":27,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5RrpReVYa33WK_image-madagascar45.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":415,"height":253},"id":"aQQ5RrpReVYa33WK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[46] Angraecum elephantinum is not often seen in the Eastern rainforest. Here, being drawn by Deborah Lambkin. The enormous flowers are about 4â5 inches (10â12.5 cm) wide.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQ5RbpReVYa33WJ_image-madagascar46.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":415,"height":277},"id":"aQQ5RbpReVYa33WJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It was then time to wind our way back to the capital to catch our flights home. Much to our surprise and relief, there had been no torrential rain or violent cyclone
998s during daytime, no leeches, few tropical afflictions, just a few impassable roads, some giant spiders, and many chameleons and lemurs. We saw no fewer than 105 different orchids in flower in two weeks, or 10% of the Madagascar orchid flora, several we had not seen before. The highlight was the privilege of traveling with excellent companions, painting and drawing orchids in their habitat, and thereby adding a whole new dimension to our favourite Island. We very much hope that many completed Lambkin paintings will emerge for everyone to admire, perhaps at the Dresden World Orchid Conference. And we are already planning our next expedition during the cyclone season.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Clare Hermans is the immediate pastchair of the Royal Horticultural Societyâs Orchid Expert Group (formerly the RHS Orchid Committee) (email [email protected] and Johan Hermans is the chair of the RHS Orchid Hybrid Registration Advisory Group and Honorary Research Associate of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (email [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Capturing Orchids in Madagascar","MetaDescription":"Captain James Cook, for example, took Sydney Parkinson and John Webber. They illustrated places, plants and other wildlife during their voyages; their work is still an important permanent record.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aQQyIBEAACIAfYwb","uid":"water-your-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/water-your-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aQQyIBEAACIAfYwb%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-11-04T16:11:42+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-11-04T16:11:42+0000","slugs":["water-your-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ_v094n11coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ_v094n11coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aQNX-7pReVYa31bQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-rpReVYa31bP_v094n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aQNX-rpReVYa31bP","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQNX-rpReVYa31bP_v094n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aQNX-rpReVYa31bP","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Water Your Orchids","Author":"Ray Barkalow","ArticleDate":"2025-11-01","Summary":"How basic can you get? However, the reason it is worth discussing is that the quality of the water one uses to irrigate oneâs orchids can make a tremendous difference in the plantsâ appearance and vitality.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"That seems like an odd subject for an article, does it not? Of course we water our orchids. How basic can you get? However, the reason it is worth discussing is that the quality of the water one uses to irrigate oneâs orchids can make a tremendous difference in the plantsâ appearance and vitality. Whenever I analyze aspects of my own culture, I start by assessing the conditions the plants are likely to see in the wild and compare those to the level of âabuseâ I give them in captivity. In the forests and savannahs from which our plants originate, the
998ir water sources are rain, fog or dew. In all cases, the liquid condenses from water vapor in the air, making them, in essence, natureâs version of distilled water. Rain that cascades down through the forest canopy picks up and carries nutrients to the orchids, but they tend to be in very small concentrations â on the order of 10â25 parts per million of total dissolved solids. It seems logical, therefore, to assume that orchids have evolved to thrive in the environment of pure water and minimal food supplies, and that exposing them to conditions other than that could be counterproductive, if not downright detrimental to their health. Indeed, âhardâ water â that with lots of dissolved solids â can give our plants a really dull appearance, not only due to those minerals coating the leaves, but because those dissolved minerals can interfere with the plantsâ physiological processes as well. When fertilizer is added to water, the mineral concentration can be high enough to be physically damaging.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQxqrpReVYa33VG_image-water1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":781,"height":630},"id":"aQQxqrpReVYa33VG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A great many commercial growers swear by the use of pure water in their irrigation and feeding regimens, and some growers claim that it is especially important for the successful culture of cool-growing, high-altitude species, many of which spend their natural lives almost constantly dripping from the fog that routinely envelops them.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"According to the United States Geological Survey, almost 90 percent of US homes have water that can be considered to be at least slightly hard, with Canada following closely behind at about 85 percent.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A word of caution: Do not rely entirely on this map to assess your water quality, as the treatment and selection of specific sources of water can have a significant effect on quality. For example, although parts of Colorado appear to have very hard groundwater according to the map, many municipalities rely heavily on snowmelt for their drinking water supply, and that is very pure. Likewise, New York City, whose water originates in wilderness watersheds, has some of the purest water around! The best thing you can do is ask your local water authority or have it tested.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Even though my well water is considered to be only âmoderately hard,â being a bit of a âcontrol freakâ when it comes to my orchids, I prefer to use pure water and provide all mineral nutrients with my fertilizer, so that I know exactly what they are getting, without being subjected to the âwhimsâ of nature.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are a number of potential sources of pure water, so one must consider factors such as cost, availability, ease of use and environmental impact when deciding which source you will use for your plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Collected rainwater (or melted snow) is probably the least expensive source of pure water, but requires adequate storage capacity to carry you through dry spells or warmer seasons, and if you live in an urban or industrialized area, the air quality may render it less pure than we â or our plants â would like.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Air conditioner or dehumidifier condensate is again, a free, âdistilledâ source, but instead of waiting for nature to condense the moisture from the air as rain, we use a refrigerant to chill the air and force the condensation. This is a limited-volume source that is best utilized in warm, humid climates, but still needs tanks to store it, as most units only produce a trickle. Some warn against using these sources, as phytotoxic aluminum might be extracted from the heat exchanger âfinsâ (I have never heard of that being an issue, but forewarned is forearmed).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Distilled water is the purest possible and is produced by heating water to its boiling point so that it evaporates, leaving all of the dissolved solids behind, then cooling, condensing, and collecting that pure water for use. Many grocery stores and drugstores sell distilled water, but lugging it home can be a nuisance, and over time, especially with larger collections, can become quite costly. Some folks have their own âstills,â but they can be quite expensive to purchase, and unless they are solar powered, they can be expensive to operate, and in any case, will also require storage containers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Deionized water is second only to distilled water in terms of purity and is produced by passing water through cylinders containing a variety of organic resins that extract and trap the dissolved mineral ions. If sized properly, these can be âon-demandâ systems that are installed in-line with your plumbing to purify and supply the water as it is needed. Unfortunately, even though there typically is no need to purchase any equipment, and the on-demand pure water supply is very convenient, this method can become quite costly as the resin beds need to be recharged or replaced periodically by a professional (the harder your water, the more frequently this needs to be done).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reverse osmosis (RO) water is the most common method of purifying water used by orchid growers. In an RO system, water is purified by passing it through a membrane having pores so small that they allow water molecules to pass while blocking as much as 99% of the dissolved ions. Like distilled, RO water can sometimes be purchased in stores, but having your own reverse osmosis system is usually the most cost-effective way of producing pure water, typically costing only a few pennies per gallon. Be aware that a residential system typically only delivers a few ounces per minute of pure water, necessitating some sort of storage tank for periodic irrigation with larger volumes, but they are usually set up to refill tanks automatically, so you always have a ready supply. Reverse osmosis systems also have a secondary water outlet â the âflushâ water that carries away the rejected dissolved solids. Until recently, standard systems consumed four gallons of water to produce one gallon of pure water, with the other three being the flush water. Most folks use that flush water for less sensitive plants, let it trickle on the greenhouse floor for humidification, or, as in my own case, use it to refill an artificial pond outside the greenhouse, used by frogs and the local population of wild animals. If you pay for water and sewer fees based on your consumption, that can increase the costs somewhat, but modern systems use technology to reduce that ratio significantly.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Other sources of water simply do not provide the purity that is best for your plants:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Purified water can vary greatly in its chemistry but is most often simply passed through filters to remove sediment and dissolved organic compounds. No minerals are removed from the water. The filters that attach to your faucet or are inside special pitchers are in this category. They do provide an on-demand source of water and do not cost all that much but are of little value to the grower.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Spring water is just that â water that has been drawn from the underground aquifer and bottled for distribution. While it is lovely for drinking, it usually contains plenty of dissolved minerals, frequently more than the local tap water, making it taste great but offering no advantage for orchid growing.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Softened water has been passed through a chamber in which sodium chloride salt has been dissolved, causing the calcium, magnesium and iron carbonates â the âhardnessâ minerals â to settle out of solution. Do not use such softened water on your plants, as it can be toxic to them.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A final word on using pure water: Having no dissolved solids, pure water has no buffering capacity, that is, it has no resistance to large swings in solution pH upon the addition of chemicals such as fertilizers. The addition of even the smallest amount of most standard fertilizer formulas will result in solutions that are too acidic for use on the plants, necessitating some chemical adjustment. Fortunately,","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"several excellent formulas are designed specifically for use in pure water, such as the Greencare Orchid Special for RO (the original âMSU Fertilizerâ), the K-Lite Orchid-Epiphyte Fertilizer derived from it, and Jackâs Professional Pure Water LX, to name a few.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Do not misconstrue this as suggesting that having pure water is the key to
998successful orchid growing. That is achieved by careful control of all of your cultural parameters (light levels, temperature, humidity, choice of media, watering and feeding), but once your plants have had a few weeksâ exposure to the pure water regimen, you will be happily surprised at their appearance and overall vitality.\n â Ray Barkalow is an engineer and scientist and has been a hobby orchid grower for over 50 years. He has owned and operated First Rays Orchids since 1994 (email [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQxprpReVYa33VE_image-water3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":747,"height":775},"id":"aQQxprpReVYa33VE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aQQxqLpReVYa33VF_image-water2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":385,"height":217},"id":"aQQxqLpReVYa33VF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Water Your Orchids","MetaDescription":"How basic can you get? However, the reason it is worth discussing is that the quality of the water one uses to irrigate oneâs orchids can make a tremendous difference in the plantsâ appearance and vitality.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aNvb6xAAACIA12Ri","uid":"humidity-and-vapor-pressure-deficit","url":"/orchids/articles/humidity-and-vapor-pressure-deficit","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aNvb6xAAACIA12Ri%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-09-30T14:49:06+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-09-30T14:49:06+0000","slugs":["humidity-and-vapor-pressure-deficit"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U_v094n10coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U_v094n10coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V_v094n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V_v094n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Humidity and Vapor Pressure Deficit","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-10-01","Summary":"RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS quantifying the amount of water vapor in the air compared to how much it can hold. Warmer air has a greater waterâholding capacity than colder air.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"RELATIVE HUMIDITY is a familiar term quantifying the amount of water vapor in the air compared to how much it can hold. Warmer air has a greater waterâholding capacity than colder air. Our orchids are comfortable in the same humidity range we enjoy, somewhere in the 40â70 percent RH range. Lowâhumidity air dries out our skin and our orchids. Moderate humidity levels are desirable, but too high humidity can cause problems.\n\nHUMIDITY On a hot day, we sweat to cool our bodies through evaporation. Plants also cool themselves as water vapor evaporates from the leaf surface. The evaporation rate slows as humidity levels increase because water cannot vaporize as quickly from the small pores (stomata) on leaves in a highâhumidity environment. High humidity is also conducive to the conditions that favor the growth of rots, molds and fungal infections. Summer is a very challenging time of the year when high temperatures make us want to water more frequently, thus increasing the opportunity for fungal and bacterial infections.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Diurnal Changes. Typically, the humidity is highest around sunrise and lowest around midafternoon. As the air is
998warmed by the sun, it can hold more moisture. With each 20 F (11.1 C) increase in temperature, the amount of moisture the air can hold roughly doubles. Dew point, the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor, is a common meteorological term from which the relative humidity can be inferred. As the dew point temperature approaches the ambient temperature, the relative humidity approaches 100% because the air has become saturated with water. When there is a big difference between air and dew point temperatures, the humidity is low. Higher nighttime humidity levels are typical because the cooler night air holds less moisture.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] We often think that our orchids need more water in the heat of summer, but itâs the humidity rather than the temperature that determines how frequently you should be watering your orchids. When humidity levels are very low, pots dry very quickly, and it is difficult to keep orchids hydrated. Orchids may require water every day or two in very low humidity.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvV2Z5xUNkB1RdA_image-humidity1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":883,"height":505},"id":"aNvV2Z5xUNkB1RdA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Seasonal Changes. There are seasonal humidity patterns that you can use to adjust your watering habits to match the evapotranspiration rate as well as understand when your plant is vulnerable to diseases. You can get the hourly data from weather service sites to create track trends in your area or hang a humidity sensor in your growing area.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] On a typical spring day in St. Augustine, the temperature and humidity levels are both moderate. The diurnal pattern for a random day in April shows the nighttime humidity is in the 50 to 70% range, dropping below 50% during the day. You notice your pots dry out much more rapidly at these low humidity levels, so you increase your watering frequency as a result. Nighttime humidity levels are usually not excessive unless we have a period of gray gloomy weather that is more reminiscent of winter.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvV1J5xUNkB1Rc-_image-humidity2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":424,"height":229},"id":"aNvV1J5xUNkB1Rc-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"VAPOR PRESSURE DEFICIT Though humidity is a useful and familiar measure, there is a more precise way to express the driving force of water loss from the leaf: vapor pressure deficit (VPD). VPD is a measure of the evaporative forces at the leaf surface, given in pressure units such as millibars (mb) or kilopascals (kPa). It is defined as the difference between the pressure exerted by water vapor in saturated air and the water vapor actually present in the air. At a VPD of zero, the air is at its dew point, so there is no moisture gradient between the plant leaves and the air, that are both saturated with moisture. A low VPD indicates that air is near saturation, so the transpiration rate is negligible. A high VPD means the air is drier, and the moisture gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere encourages a higher transpiration rate.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] In summer, both temperatures and relative humidity can be excessive, often not dropping below 80 F (26.7 C) at night while humidity levels can climb above the 85% danger level. This environment encourages fungal pathogens because the water lost through the stomata is only slowly evaporated so leaves remain wet longer. During periods of high disease pressure, applications of precautionary fungicide sprays and drenches may be warranted. Pots do not dry rapidly, so you may water less frequently than you do in the spring.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvV0p5xUNkB1Rc9_image-humidity3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":241},"id":"aNvV0p5xUNkB1Rc9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We could find no recommended VPD levels for orchids, but some guidance is offered in an article by Wollaeger and Runkle (2015).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Growers should aim to have fairly low VPD, for example, 0.3 kPa, when rooting cuttings in greenhouses. This will reduce the drying of young plants, thereby reducing the frequency of misting and watering required to keep plants hydrated. However, Michigan State Extension recommends maintaining a greater VPD (greater than 0.5 kPa) in greenhouses while finishing plants, especially when there is a dense plant canopy. Plants will be able to transpire, cool themselves and be less stressed while the environment is less conducive to disease","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] When the temperature and humidity mediate in the fall, you notice a growth spurt in your orchids. The daytime humidity levels are low, so pots dry out more rapidly and you find yourself watering more frequently than you did during summer. Nighttime humidity levels are usually not too excessive, until the tropical storm season. The leaf wetness and lack of drying that accompanies these extended periods of cloudy, rainy weather are invitations to disease. If your plants cannot be sheltered from this weather, spray before and after with antiâfungicide and antiâbacterial products.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVz55xUNkB1Rc8_image-humidity4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":427,"height":232},"id":"aNvVz55xUNkB1Rc8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Greenhouse vegetable growers harvesting fruits should be aware that one study, âVapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Effects on the Physiology and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato,â reported that a VPD of 0.8 kPa during the day and night increased photosynthetic rates and tomato fruit yields compared to plants grown with a VPD of 0.5 kPa. A tooâdry environment can also cause problems. For example, another study, âHigh Vapor Pressure Deficit Influences Growth, Transpiration and Quality of Tomato Fruits,â showed that a very high VPD of 2.2 kPa could cause plant stress and fruit cracking in tomato.â","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Our winters typically include 10 to 14 days of cold to freezing weather when both the temperatures and humidity are very low. More enjoyable are periods when it warms up during the day. Cool nighttime temperatures and high humidity encourage condensation on plant leaves and that is a recipe for both mesophyll cell collapse from cold water damage as well as rots and bacterial problems. The dreaded flower blighting from Botrytis is common during the high humidity evening hours, requiring either more air movement to dry leaves and flowers or higher temperatures to drop humidity.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVzZ5xUNkB1Rc7_image-humidity5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":241},"id":"aNvVzZ5xUNkB1Rc7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plant metabolic processes require the plant to absorb carbon dioxide through the stomata in the leaves to produce food, and water to be absorbed largely through the roots and drawn into the plant through transpiration, exiting the stomata as water vapor. A moderate to high transpiration rate encourages the uptake of mineral nutrients through the roots. Calcium uptake in particular requires a strong transpiration rate.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] A healthy root system and strong transpiration stream facilitate calcium uptake, without which deficiencies can occur.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVzJ5xUNkB1Rc6_image-humidity6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":289},"id":"aNvVzJ5xUNkB1Rc6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When the vapor pressure deficit is in the optimum range, the plant has a moderate transpiration rate so water and mineral nutrients can be absorbed from roots, water loss through the open stomata is not excessive and carbon dioxide can be absorbed through the open stomata to produce food. We suggest the optimum range to be around 0.5 to 1.2 kPa for many thinâleaved orchids using the normal photosynthetic pathway. Thickâleaved orchids with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have adapted to endure higher VPD deficits, opening their stomata only at night when humidity is higher.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Excess water that cannot be transpired can result in a swelling of plant cells that produce a blister on the leaf, edema, typically during cool, cloudy weather.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVyZ5xUNkB1Rc4_image-humidity7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":429,"height":286},"id":"aNvVyZ5xUNkB1Rc4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In an overly dry atmosphere, where the vapor pressure deficit is high (perhaps over 1.5 kPa), moisture is evaporated rapidly through the open stomata, sometimes so much so that the plant will shut its stomata to limit water loss. With closed stomata, leaves cannot cool themselves, and carbon dioxide cannot be absorbed from the atmosphere. Spider mites also thrive in a dry environment.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Cooler winter temperatures and high humidity/low vapor pressure create the conditions favorable to the growth of Botrytis","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVyJ5xUNkB1Rc3_image-humidity8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":427,"height":289},"id":"aNvVyJ5xUNkB1Rc3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In an overly wet atmosphere, where the vapor pressure deficit is low (perhaps below 0.4 kPa), the stomata can remain open for carbon dioxide uptake. Moisture is slowly evaporated from the foliage, though the transpiration rate is slowed. Edema, the physiological response to a plantâs inability to shed water, can cause leaf blistering. Disease pressure is high because of the potential for excessive leaf wetness.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] The VPD in spring tends to be moderate to high during the daylight hours, often with values over 1.2 kPa. C3 plants will lose water rapidly through evapotranspiration so watering frequency should be increased. Nighttime VPD values are moderate so CAM plants should grow well with warming temperatures, increased sunlight and healthy VPD.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVg55xUNkB1Rcm_image-humidity9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":651,"height":346},"id":"aNvVg55xUNkB1Rcm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants respond to the VPD by increasing or decreasing the stomatal opening, and this in turn affects the ability of the plant to absorb carbon dioxide, water and mineral nutrients as well as cool themselves during hot weather. Some orchids normally have their stomata open during daylight (C3 plants, often thinâleafed orchids, such as oncidiums). These plants absorb carbon dioxide and photosynthesize during daylight hours and can cool their leaves through evaporation. Other orchids have adapted to an epiphytic lifestyle by opening their stomata in late afternoon and throughout the night (CAM plants, such as cattleyas and other thickâleafed orchids) when humidity is higher as a water conservation measure. These orchids absorb carbon dioxide at night when the humidity is higher and store it until the daylight hours when photosynthesis occurs.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] The summertime VPD tends to stay in the moderate range during daylight hours but drops to low levels at night. C3 plants can cool themselves during the heat of the day while additional shading, additional air movement or under bench wetting may be necessary for CAM plants that cannot cool themselves through evapotranspiration by day. Nighttime VPD levels are low, so nutrient uptake, particularly of calcium, is low and disease pressure is high.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVgZ5xUNkB1Rcl_image-humidity10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":655,"height":354},"id":"aNvVgZ5xUNkB1Rcl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Temperature and Humidity Monitors","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The simplest and most foolproof way to monitor temperatures in your growing area is a maxâmin thermometer. This is a mercuryâfilled thermometer with a Uâtube, which will register the current temperature, as well as the lowest and highest temperatures experienced since the last reset. Some have a button reset; others use a magnet to reset the temperature. The mercury travels in a Uâ tube inside the thermometer, rising to the maximum in the channel to the right during the day and dropping to the minimum in the channel to the left at night.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"You will find yourself resetting these thermometers often during the hottest days of summer and coolest nights of winter, as you monitor the temperature extremes. You can position them in different areas of your growing area to find the microclimates most suitable for growing different varieties of orchids. They work consistently, and they do not require batteries that seem to always fail on the coldest night. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Of course, mercury thermometers do not have all the bells and whistles that some of the digital devices offer, like remote monitoring, alarms and phone notifications. I have a box of failed temperature and humidity monitors, but this year discovered one that seems to work really well: a Govee H5179 thermometerâhygrometer combination that measures both temperature and humidity. This is a batteryâpowered sensor that communicates with your phone via a 2.4 GHz WiFi connection using the Govee Home app, for either Android or Apple devices. You can get the instantaneous readings on your phone using their Widget, as well as view the data from the last hour, day, week, month or year on your phone. You can check the temperature in your growing area, whether you are sitting in front of the TV at home or up in the mountains of North Carolina. You can set high and low temperature alarms, so a notification is sent to your phone in the event temperatures are outside of your preset acceptable range. Another nice feature is the low battery warning light to let you know it is time to switch out the three AAA batteries. I also have the earlier models 5075 and 5100 that have less functionality and range, but the 5179 model is the only one I would buy today.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The device also calculates the dew point and vapor pressure deficit, a great feature that many of the other monitoring devices lack. If you are interested in having remote sensors in your growing area to keep you apprised of the temperature and vapor pressure deficit, try the Govee H5179 sensors, available on Amazon for around $40. As long as you have a suitable WiFi network, your phone will give you constant feedback on conditions around your orchids. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom (email sbottom15@ hotmail.com)","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The maxâmin thermometer on the left is a great way to monitor the temperatures in your growing area. The Govee 5179 sensor on the right takes temperature and humidity readings every few minutes and transmits the information to your phone by a WiâFi Connection. It can also calculate the dew point and vapor pressure deficit.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVxp5xUNkB1Rc2_image-humidity-monitor1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1335,"height":892},"id":"aNvVxp5xUNkB1Rc2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Indoor growers and growers in the arid southwest must take additional steps to prevent plant stress from excessive vapor pressure deficits. Our orchids grow well outdoors in St. Augustine, Florida during much of the year, except during the cold winter periods and wet tropical storms in late summer and fall. Understanding the vapor pressure deficit that occurs during each season will help guide you in your watering and fertilizing frequency. It also explains why additional shading may be required in summer for cooling, and when disease pressure may be high.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] The fall and spring diurnal patterns are moderate, with the difference being that temperatures are decreasing as are the hours of daylight. You will water a little more during the fall growth spurt particularly for those plants that enjoy the cool weather; others are preparing themselves for the winter rest.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVfp5xUNkB1Rci_image-humidity11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":655,"height":355},"id":"aNvVfp5xUNkB1Rci","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] We enjoy moderate temperatures on many winter days, and the vapor pressure deficit is often in the low range day and night. This means our C3 and CAM orchids can absorb plenty of carbon dioxide without excessive water loss but transpiration rates are low reducing the need for frequent watering and mineral nutrition.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvVfJ5xUNkB1Rcg_image-humidity12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":657,"height":349},"id":"aNvVfJ5xUNkB1Rcg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgements","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"istakes, ask questions and open my mind to new thoughts. Thank y
998ou, Anna Meigs, for introducing me to the topic of vapor pressure deficit and its implications for orchid growing. Many thanks to Dr. Courtney Hackney for his review of this article and suggestions for improvement.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Additional Reading","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Leonardi C., S. Guichard and N. Bertin. 2000. High Vapour Pressure Deficit Influences Growth, Transpiration and Quality of Tomato Fruits. Scientia Horticulturae 84(3â4):285â296. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Monteith J.L. and M.H. Unsworth. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics. Edward Arnold, Sevenoaks. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Murray F.W. 1967. On the Computation of Saturation Vapor Pressure. J. Appl. Meteorol. 6. 203â204. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Prenger J.J. and P.P. Ling. Greenhouse Condensation Control: Understanding and Using Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD).Ohio State University. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wollaeger H. and E. Runkle. 2015. Why Should Greenhouse Growers Pay Attention to VaporâPressure Deficit and Not Relative Humidity? Michigan State University Extension and MSU Department of Horticulture. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Zhang D, Q. Du, Z. Zhang, X. Jiao, X. Song and J. Li. 2017. Vapour Pressure Deficit Control in Relation to Water Transport and Water Productivity in Greenhouse Tomato Production During Summer. Scientific Reports. 2017;7:43461. doi:10.1038/srep43461","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Humidity and Vapor Pressure Deficit","MetaDescription":"RELATIVE HUMIDITY IS quantifying the amount of water vapor in the air compared to how much it can hold. Warmer air has a greater waterâholding capacity than colder air.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aLHMsREAACMA-Cjy","uid":"a-new-way-to-grow-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/a-new-way-to-grow-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aLHMsREAACMA-Cjy%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-08-29T22:39:47+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-08-31T14:11:06+0000","slugs":["a-new-way-to-grow-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"A New Way to Grow Orchids","Author":"Katherine Weitz","ArticleDate":"2025-09-01","Summary":"We all know that orchids are spectacular and addictive plants with seemingly unending variety.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"We all know that orchids are spectacular and addictive plants with seemingly unending variety. Have you ever thought of trying a different method of growing your orchids? Here is my orchid hobbyist journey:\n\nI learned, many years ago, that in a drier climate (my former home state of Montana), orchids adapt to a semihydroponic system quite readily. I will admit I am a bit stubborn and found it terribly onerous to be schlepping my ever-growing collection to the kitchen sink for watering, subsequent draining and back. This feeling was especially true after I expanded my growing areas to the windows of my childrenâs upstairs bedrooms after they left for college. Even after I moved to Minnesota in 2011, the Land of 10,000 Lakes and often tropical-level humidity in the summer months, most of my plants still enjoy this method of growing.\n\n[1â2] Images of the authorâs sunroom where her plants are wintered.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHOWGGNHVfTOczk_image-new-way1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":513},"id":"aLHOWGGNHVfTOczk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHOWGGNHVfTOczl_image-new-way2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":252,"height":310},"id":"aLHOWGGNHVfTOczl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nI observed that some of my local fellow orchid growers had some fairly dry, desiccated plants that did not look at all happy. I guessed that they were watered weekly (as is advised), with the water poured through the pot for a few seconds and out onto the tray it went. I wondered if I could grow them differently. If the pots did not drain, I would not have to bring them by two and three at a time to the sink for watering once a weekâ they could be watered in place. It was getting to be a chore that was interfer
998ing with my love for the plants. But would they drown? The standard culture advice says that orchid plants must (MUST) be free-draining, with lots of air circulation at the roots. How about if I monitor the amount of water going into the pot â not too much, but maybe a 1â4 or 1â2 inch or so sitting in the bottom. Would that increase humidity too?\n\nI started repotting into nondraining vessels that were on hand â old art pottery, milk glass flower pots, and even some odd, hand-thrown pottery experiment pieces, and all merely for my convenience. They were easily obtained from my vintage pottery collection (only the basically","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"worthless chipped ones), thrift stores, and garage sales. Another bonus was that they added extra visual interest to my collection. And best of all, I did not have to run up and down the stairs!\n\nWithin a few months, I noticed a decided difference. My plants were looking fuller, and happier. They were enjoying more regular access to water, and I was learning how to tell when they needed more. You can lift the pot and usually assess its needs, but you can also check for âsloshing.â If you hear any water, wait another week. If the pot is light in weight, it needs to be watered. If I am unsure, I pull out the tag and feel it for moisture on my cheek.\n\n[3] The authorâs orchids are enjoying their summer sojourn on the deck.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHOWWGNHVfTOczm_image-new-way3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":250,"height":312},"id":"aLHOWWGNHVfTOczm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nNow that I live in Minnesota, most of my collection goes out on my deck (summer camp) sometime in May. I chomp at the bit for the overnight temps to get above 52 F (11.1 C) consistently so that I can start The Great Migration. This usually begins around the middle of May, and they come back inside around the middle of September. That gives my plants four glorious months of dappled sunlight, rain, humidity, summer breezes, and an even greater day-to-night temperature differential than I can provide in my sunroom during the cold months. Sometimes that also includes summer hail and tornadoes, but that is why I do not take trips during these months. I need to be home with an eye on the sky in case a quick stowing of plants under cover is required. On the days when it rains all day or all night, I will come out and find all of my plants filled to the rim with rainwater. I used to worry about this, but I see the roots that are visible near the surface of the pots are fat and green. I go about âdumping orchidsâ (just the water, of course!), and I do not believe they have suffered in any way. They love a good soak in rainwater. It helps to flush fertilizer salts, too.\n\nI like to repot often. That way, I am keeping a close eye on the health of my collection, especially given my more unorthodox method. Of course, we know that healthy roots are the cornerstone of orchid health. During the winter months, I use water purified by reverse osmosis (RO) that has been put through an oxygen-enhancing system, given the closed environment of my plantsâ roots. I also use medium-size fir bark, medium sponge rock and charcoal as my fairly chunky media mix. That helps to keep air at the roots, and the charcoal helps keep the bit of water at the bottom âsweeter.â A ceiling fan runs constantly in the sunroom.\n\nIn my 28 years of experimenting with this method, I have also learned that some orchids definitely do not like it. One example is the tolumnias. I had a âthingâ for them about 15 years ago. I bought about eight or 10 in one year, all different colors. I thought they were the cutest little plants with a rainbow of colors and big flowers. And of course, I put them in small pots without drainage (did I mention that I am stubborn?) Well, that was a disaster. It took about another year or two, but one by one, they all went to orchid heaven. That genus definitely does not like this method!\n\nSo, what DO I grow with this method? Paphiopedilums and phragmipediums work well. So do most cattleyas (the hybrids in particular). Some of the species of orchids say in cultural descriptions that they do best mounted, so that is a clue they will not do well if they do not drain quickly. There are also many species that like a moist environment. For example, I have a large Dendrochilum wenzelii in my collection that LOVES its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter, 4-inch (10 cm) tall pot that I keep well-watered. Last spring it put out over 100 inflorescences, so I know it is happy. I also have a very large Dendrobium hancockii in a similar pot. I make sure to dry that one out from time to time though, not allow it to remain constantly moist, for best blooming.\n\nYet another advantage of this method of orchid growing is in the application of fertilizer and, when needed, systemic pesticides. Because the water in which these additives are combined does not run out of the pots, it allows for a more complete uptake with no waste. In addition, I can also take a vacation for a week or two without having to beg someone to come over and water while I am gone.","spans":[{"start":2784,"end":2805,"type":"em"},{"start":2828,"end":2833,"type":"strong"},{"start":3010,"end":3030,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHOWmGNHVfTOczn_image-new-way4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":256,"height":1053},"id":"aLHOWmGNHVfTOczn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nI cannot say that I have not killed orchid plants using this method. We all have that drawer containing tags of expired plants that just did not make it in our
998care, even if we employ the more classic method of growing. BUT, most orchids adapt readily to minor changes in culture, sometimes even semimajor ones. If you pay attention to what your plants are telling you, learning and orchid growing success are inevitable. I have been lucky to have received some AOS awards over the years, so it is possible to grow beautiful plants using this unorthodox method. If I can grow happy plants in Minnesota, you can too! So, look over your collection and try semihydroponic on a plant or two. Experiment. Learn. And most of all, enjoy!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nâ Katherine Weitz has been growing orchids for 30 years. She is a past president of the Orchid Society of Minnesota, and a former president of the Great Divide Orchid Society in Helena, MT. She maintains a collection of around 250 plants and is the proud recipient of eight AOS Awards.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"A New Way to Grow Orchids","MetaDescription":"We all know that orchids are spectacular and addictive plants with seemingly unending variety.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aLRAIREAACAA-5Ts","uid":"dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-13-dendrobium-section-oxyglossum","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-13-dendrobium-section-oxyglossum","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aLRAIREAACAA-5Ts%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-08-31T14:11:06+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-09-02T13:38:16+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-13-dendrobium-section-oxyglossum"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and its Relatives, Part 13: Dendrobium section Oxyglossum","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2025-09-01","Summary":"Members of the section Oxyglossum are some of the most colourful orchids that we know.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Members of the section Oxyglossum are some of the most colourful orchids that we know. They also have the great advantage of usually being small plants that have large flowers. Another advantage is that for many of the species, the flowers are long-lasting.\n\nThis section was created by Rudolf Schlechter, in 1905, in Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee: mit Ausschluss Samoaâs and der Karolinen (Addendums on the flora of the German protected areas in the South Seas: excluding Samoa and the Caroline Islands). The sectional name refers to the pointed labellum of many of the species. The type species for the section is Dendrobium cyanocentrum Schltr. Plants from this section are found mainly in New Guinea, but there are species in Sulawesi, the Philippines, Maluku and many of the islands of the Pacific Ocean.\n\nDENDROBIUM BRASSII Tom Reeves and Paddy Woods named this species in 1989 in A Revision of Dendrobium Section Oxyglossum (Orchidaceae). The specific epithet honors Mr. L.J. Brass, a prolific plant collector in New Guinea. Plants can reach 8 1â2 inches (22 cm) in height. Inflorescences are two-flowered. Blooms are about 1 1â4 inches (3.2 cm) long. This species is only known from eastern New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,900 and 7,200 feet (1,500â2,200 m).","spans":[{"start":23,"end":34,"type":"em"},{"start":318,"end":421,"type":"em"},{"start":648,"end":671,"type":"em"},{"start":843,"end":861,"type":"em"},{"start":919,"end":976,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Den. brassii; grower: Cynthia Hill.","spans":[{"start":3,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ96GGNHVfTOeAA_image-dendrobium1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":891,"height":1189},"id":"aLQ96GGNHVfTOeAA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CUTHBERTSONII Ferdinand von Mueller named this species in 1888 in the Transactions \u0026 Proceedings of the Royal Society Victoria. The specific epithet honors Mr Walter Cuthbertson, a collector from the late 1800s, who was also the collector of the type specimens. Plants can reach a height of up to 3 inches (7.5 cm). An attractive feature of this species is the warty surface of the leaves. The flowers are up to 1 3â4 inches tall by 1 3â8 inches wide (4.5 cm tall by 3.5 cm wide). The color variation within this species is nothing short of stunning. This species is found in New Guinea, New Britain and New Ireland. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 6,500 feet (2,000 m), on mossy tree trunks. It receives frequent rain and constant breezes.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Den. cuthbertsonii âAnnaâ, grown by Ron Parson.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ96WGNHVfTOeAB_image-dendrobium2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":481},"id":"aLQ96WGNHVfTOeAB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Den. cuthbertsonii; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":3,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ96mGNHVfTOeAC_image-dendrobium3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":481},"id":"aLQ96mGNHVfTOeAC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM CYANOCENTRUM Rudolf Schlechter named this species in 1905 in Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee: mit Ausschluss Samoaâs and der Karolinen (Addendums on the flora of the German protected areas in the South Seas, excluding Samoa and the Caroline Islands). The specific epithet refers to the dark blue coloration of the mentum. Plants can reach 3 inches (7.5.cm) in height. The flowers are up to about 3â4 inch (1.8 cm) wide. An interesting feature of the flowers is the reflexed sepals and petals. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 130 and 5,200 feet (40â1,600 m).\n","spans":[{"start":1,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] A white form of Den. cyanocentrum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":20,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ962GNHVfTOeAD_image-dendrobium4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":327,"height":439},"id":"aLQ962GNHVfTOeAD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] A blue form of Den. cyanocentrum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ97GGNHVfTOeAE_image-dendrobium5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":441},"id":"aLQ97GGNHVfTOeAE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM DEKOCKII Johannes J. Smith named this species in 1911 in the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Buitenzorg Botanical Garden Bulletin). The specific epithet honors Mr. A.C. de Kock who was a medical officer, from the Netherlands, who collected the plants in New Guinea in the early 1900s. Plants are up to 3 inches tall (8 cm). Flowers are up to 1 3â8 inches tall (3.5 cm). An interesting feature of this species is that the pedicel and ovary are the same color as the flowers. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 7,500 and 12,500 feet (2,300â3,800 m).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":73,"end":115,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Den. dekockii, grown by Ron Parsons.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ97WGNHVfTOeAF_image-dendrobium6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":327,"height":460},"id":"aLQ97WGNHVfTOeAF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM HELLWIGIANUM Fritz Kränzlin named this species in 1892 in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte, und Pflanzengeographie. Leipzig (Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history, and plant geography. Leipzig). The specific epithet honors Franz Hellwig, collector of the type species. Plants can reach 9 1â2 inches (24 cm) in height. Inflorescences can have up to three blooms to about 1 1â4 inches (3.2 cm) long. This species is endemic to eastern New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,600 and 8,850 feet (1,400â2,700 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":158,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] A blue form of Den. hellwigianum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ97mGNHVfTOeAG_image-dendrobium7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":325,"height":427},"id":"aLQ97mGNHVfTOeAG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] A pink form of Den. hellwigianum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ972GNHVfTOeAH_image-dendrobium8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":432},"id":"aLQ972GNHVfTOeAH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM LAEVIFOLIUM Otto Stapf named this species in 1924 in the Botanical Magazine. The specific epithet refers to the shiny leaves of this orchid. Plants are up to 7 inches (18 cm) tall. The flowers are about 1 3â4 inch (4.5 cm) in diameter. There is also a form of this species with cream-colored flowers. This is a widely spread species, which has been recorded from New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, the Louisades Archipelago, Vanuatu and the Santa Cruz Islands. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 1,100 and 7,000 feet (360â2,135 m).\n\n[9] Den. laevifolium; grower: Marni Turkel. This species occurs in a wide range of color forms from deep, saturated violet to almost white.","spans":[{"start":1,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":558,"end":574,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ98GGNHVfTOeAI_image-dendrobium9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":460},"id":"aLQ98GGNHVfTOeAI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM MASARANGENSE Rudolf Schlechter named this species in 1911 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Beihefte (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom. Beihefte). The specific epithet refers to Mount Masarang in Sulawesi. Plants grow to about 3 inches (7.5 cm) tall. Flowers are up to 7â8inch (2.2 cm) long, and there can be up to four flowers on the inflorescence. This species is widespread and has been recorded from New Guinea, Bougainville Island, the Solomon Islands, New Britain, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Fiji, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 980 and 10,500 feet (300â3,250 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":119,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] A white form of Den. masarangense; grower: Steve Beckendorf.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ98WGNHVfTOeAJ_image-dendrobium10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":462},"id":"aLQ98WGNHVfTOeAJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] A blue form of Den. masarangense, grown and photographed by Dr. MiguelDavid De Leon.","spans":[{"start":20,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ98mGNHVfTOeAK_image-dendrobium11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":493},"id":"aLQ98mGNHVfTOeAK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM NEBULARUM Rudolf Schlechter named this species, in 1928, in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Beihefte (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom. Beihefte). The specific epithet possibly refers to the misty conditions in which this
998species grows. Plants reach 8 inches (20 cm) in height. Inflorescences can carry up to five flowers to about 1 1â4 inches (3.2 cm) long. This species is widely spread and has been found in Maluku and New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,500 and 9,000 feet (1,400â2,800 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Den. nebularum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ982GNHVfTOeAL_image-dendrobium12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":486},"id":"aLQ982GNHVfTOeAL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PARVULUM Robert Rolfe named this species in 1899 in Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Kew. The specific epithet refers to the very small size of the plant. There are three subspecies, but it appears only two are in cultivation.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":63,"end":106,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"subspecies minutumminutum Rudolf Schlechter first named this species as Dendrobium minutum in 1912. Paul Ormerod transferred it to subspecific status in 2003 in Oasis. The Journal. The subspecific epithet refers to the tiny stature of the plant. Plants are up to about 3â4 inch (2 cm) tall. Inflorescences carry up to three flowers, which are less than 1â2 inch (1.2 cm) high. This orchid is found in New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Caroline Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 1,900 and 8,700 feet (600â2,650 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":18,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":90,"type":"em"},{"start":172,"end":179,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Den. parvulum subsp. minutum; grower: John Leathers.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ99GGNHVfTOeAM_image-dendrobium13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":484},"id":"aLQ99GGNHVfTOeAM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"subspecies huliorumhuliorum Tom Reeve and Paddy Woods named this subspecies in 1981 in The Orchadian. The subspecific epithet honors the Huli people of the region. Plants are up to about 13â4 inches (4.5 cm) tall. Inflorescences have up to three flowers, which are less than 3â8 inch (1 cm) high. This subspecies has whitish yellow flowers that do not widely open. This orchid is only found in eastern New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,600 and 5,900 feet (1,400â1,800 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":19,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":100,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Den. parvulum subsp. huliorum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":34,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ99WGNHVfTOeAN_image-dendrobium14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":421},"id":"aLQ99WGNHVfTOeAN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PENTAPTERUM Rudolf Schlechter named this species in 1905 in Nachträge zur Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee: mit Ausschluss Samoaâs and der Karolinen (Addendums on the flora of the German protected areas in the South Seas, excluding Samoa and the Caroline Islands). The specific epithet refers to the five wings of the ovary. The plants are up to 8 inches (20 cm) tall. Inflorescences bear up to three blooms to 1 3â8 inch (3.5cm) long. This species is endemic to the northeast of New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 2,600 and 6,500 feet (800â2,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":174,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Den. pentapterum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ99mG
998NHVfTOeAO_image-dendrobium15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":450},"id":"aLQ99mGNHVfTOeAO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PETIOLATUM Rudolf Schlechter named this species in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Beihefte. (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom. Beihefte). The specific epithet refers to the petiole (leaf stalk) of this orchid. Plants can get to be 10 inches (25 cm) tall. Inflorescences can have up to 20 flowers to 3â4 inch (2 cm) long. This species has been recorded from eastern New Guinea, New Britain and the Solomon Islands. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 2,600 and 7,800 feet (800â2,400 m.)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Den. petiolatum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ992GNHVfTOeAP_image-dendrobium16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":445},"id":"aLQ992GNHVfTOeAP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PRASINUM John Lindley named this species in 1858 in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany. London. The specific epithet possibly refers to the color of the flowers. Plants reach 7 inches (18 cm) in height. The inflorescence usually bears a single bloom to 11â2 inches (4 cm) in diameter. This species is endemic to the Fijian islands, in the Pacific Ocean. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 2,000 and 3,700 feet (600â1,150 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":67,"end":132,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Den. prasinum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9-GGNHVfTOeAQ_image-dendrobium17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":423},"id":"aLQ9-GGNHVfTOeAQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM PTEROCARPUM Oakes Ames named this species in 1923 in Schedulae Orchidianae VI (Orchid Cards). The specific epithet refers to the winged seed capsules. Plants reach 6 inches (15 cm) tall. Inflorescences are up to 1 1â8 inches (3 cm) long and the flower to 3â4 inch (2 cm) long. This species is endemic to the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 6,500 feet (2,000 m). ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":88,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Den. pterocarpum grown and photographed by MiguelDavid De Leon.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9-WGNHVfTOeAR_image-dendrobium18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":423},"id":"aLQ9-WGNHVfTOeAR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium puniceum Henry Ridley named this species, in 1886 in the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. The specific epithet means purple-colored. The plant illustrated here is one of its many color variations. Plants reach 3 inches (7.5 cm) in height. Inflorescences are two- flowered. Flowers are up to 3â4 inch (2 cm) wide. This species is found in New Guinea, New Britain and the Solomon Islands. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 1,300 and 5,500 feet (400â1,700 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":107,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Den. puniceum âMadison F.â CBR
998/AOS; grower: Doug Kubo.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9-mGNHVfTOeAS_image-dendrobium19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":513},"id":"aLQ9-mGNHVfTOeAS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM RUPESTRE Johannes J. Smith named this species in 1911 in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Buitenzorg Botanical Garden Bulletin). The specific epithet refers to growing on rocks, which this species occasionally does. Plants reach 2 3â8 inches (6 cm) tall. Inflorescences can have up to three flowers to 1 1â4 inches (3 cm) long. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte and as a lithophtye at elevations between 4,900 and 10,100 feet (1,500â3,100 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":110,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Den. rupestre; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9-2GNHVfTOeAT_image-dendrobium20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":513},"id":"aLQ9-2GNHVfTOeAT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM SERANICUM Johannes J. Smith named this species in 1928 in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Buitenzorg Botanical Garden Bulletin). The specific epithet refers to the island of Seram (also called Seran or Serang). Plants grow to between an inch (2.5 cm) and 4 3â4 inches (12 cm) in height. Inflorescences can have up to four flowers about an inch (2.5 cm) long. This species is endemic to the island of Ceram, the largest island of the Maluku province, in the Indonesian archipelago. It grows epiphytically at elevations between 3,200 and 6,200 feet (1,000â1,900 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":69,"end":111,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Den. seranicum grown by Ron Parsons.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9_GGNHVfTOeAU_image-dendrobium21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":468},"id":"aLQ9_GGNHVfTOeAU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM SUBACAULE Caspar Reinwardt first mentioned this species, but it was John Lindley who did the valid description in 1858 in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany. The specific epithet possibly refers to the almost stemless inflorescences. Plants are up to 2 inches (5 cm) high. Inflorescences can have up to three flowers to 3â4 inch (2 cm) long. This species has been recorded from Maluku, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 2,400 and 8,200 feet (750â2,500 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":138,"end":195,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Den. subacaule.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9_WGNHVfTOeAW_image-dendrobium22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":463},"id":"aLQ9_WGNHVfTOeAW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM SUBULIFERUM Johannes J. Smith named this species in 1911 in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Buitenzorg Botanical Garden Bulletin). The specific epithet refers to the awl-sh
998aped leaves of this species. Plants get to 4 inches (10 cm) in height. Inflorescences bear a single flower up to 3â4 inch (2 cm) long. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 980 and 6,500 feet (300â2,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Den. subuliferum; grower: Cynthia Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9_mGNHVfTOeAY_image-dendrobium23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":675,"height":424},"id":"aLQ9_mGNHVfTOeAY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM SULPHUREUM Rudolf Schlechter named this species in 1912 in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Beihefte. (Repertory of New Species of the Vegetable Kingdom. Beihefte). The specific epithet refers to the coloration of the flowers. Plants reach 5 inches (13 cm) in height. Inflorescences can have up to four flowers an inch (2.5 cm) long. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows at elevations between 2,600 and 11,800 feet (800â3,600 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Den. sulphureum; grower: Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ9_2GNHVfTOeAa_image-dendrobium24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":493},"id":"aLQ9_2GNHVfTOeAa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM VEXILLARIUS J.J. Smith named this species in 1910 in Bulletin de Départment de lâAgriculture aux Indies Néerlandaises. Buitenzorg. (Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture in the Netherlands Indies. Bogor.) The specific epithet means âflag carryingâ and possibly refers to the bright colors of the flowers. There are six named color forms of this species. Plants can reach 16 inches (40 cm) in height but are usually much shorter. Inflorescences are short, bearing up to seven flowers, but usually only one or two blooms are present. Flowers are up to 1 3â4 inches (4 cm) in diameter. This species is found in New Guinea, Maluku and the Bismarck Archipelago. It grows as an epiphyte, and occasionally as a terrestrial at elevations between 4,000 and 11,500 feet (1,200â3,500 m).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":142,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25â28] Den. vexillarius occurs in a very wide range of color forms: [25] grower: Hanging Gardens;[26] grower: Cynthia Hill; [27] grower: Marni Turkel; [28] grower: Golden Gate Orchids.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-AGGNHVfTOeAc_image-dendrobium25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":649},"id":"aLQ-AGGNHVfTOeAc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-AWGNHVfTOeAe_image-dendrobium26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":648},"id":"aLQ-AWGNHVfTOeAe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-AmGNHVfTOeAf_image-dendrobium27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":316},"id":"aLQ-AmGNHVfTOeAf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-A2GNHVfTOeAg_image-dendrobium28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":327,"height":319},"id":"aLQ-A2GNHVfTOeAg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM VIOLACEUM Fritz Kränzlin named this species in 1910 in Englerâs Das Pflanzenreich (The Plant Kingdom). The specific epithet refers to the coloration of the flowers. Plants reach up to a foot (30 cm) tall. The inflorescence can have up to four flowers to 1 3â4 inches (4.5 cm) long. This species is endemic to New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 2,400 and 6,500 feet (750â2,000 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":92,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] A pink form of Den. violaceum grown and photographed by the author.","spans":[{"start":20,"end":34,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-BGGNHVfTOeAh_image-dendrobium29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":424},"id":"aLQ-BGGNHVfTOeAh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"subspecies cyperifoliumcyperifolium Tom Reeve and Paddy Woods named this subspecies in 1989 in A Revision of Dendrobium Section Oxyglossum (Orchidaceae). The subspecific epithet refers to the foliage, which resembles that of a Cyperus (umbrella sedge) species. The distinguishing features of this subspecies are the pendulous growth habit and the very n
998arrow leaf, which is less than 1â8 inch (2.5 mm) wide. The flowers are similar to the nominate species. This subspecies is only known from northern and western New Guinea. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations between 4,000 and 6,000 feet (1,200â1,850 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":23,"end":36,"type":"em"},{"start":95,"end":138,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] A beautiful blue form of Den. violaceum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-BWGNHVfTOeAi_image-dendrobium30.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":675,"height":831},"id":"aLQ-BWGNHVfTOeAi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] A light pink form of Den. violaceum; grower: Hanging Gardens.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-BmGNHVfTOeAj_image-dendrobium31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":517},"id":"aLQ-BmGNHVfTOeAj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM YULIANIAE André Schuiteman and Peter OâByrne named this species in 2016 in Orchideen Journal (Orchid Journal). The specific epithet honors Yuliani Puji Hastuti, wife of the first author. Plants reach about 3 1â2 inches (9 cm) tall. Inflorescences carry two flowers about 3â4 inch (2 cm) long. Known only from the Indonesian province of Maluku. Further habitat information is unknown, but one could assume that it grows as an epiphyte at midrange elevations.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":86,"end":103,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] Den. yulianiae; grower: Cynthia Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLQ-B2GNHVfTOeAk_image-dendrobium32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1027,"height":571},"id":"aLQ-B2GNHVfTOeAk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nAcknowledgements","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My sincere thanks to Ron Parsons (USA) and Dr. Miguel David De Leon (The Philippines) for the use of their pictures to illustrate this article. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lewis B. and P.J. Cribb. 1989. Orchids of Vanuatu. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":94,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Parsons R. and M.E. Gerritsen. 2021. A Compendium of Miniature Orchid Species Volume 2 Second Edition.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":102,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Redfern Natural History Productions, Surry, United Kingdom.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":59,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reeve T.M. and P.J.B. Woods. 1989. A Revision of Dendrobium Section Oxyglossum (Orchidaceae). Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Volume 46 no. 2.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":156,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Schuiteman A. 2013. A Guide to Dendrobium of New Guinea. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Koto Kinabalu, Borneo.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" â Jim Cootes has grown orchids for almost 50 years. He specializes in species orchids of Australia and Asia, particularly those of the Philippines. Mr. Cootes has written three books on Philippines orchid species and has also written countless articles, both scientific and of a more general nature that have been published worldwide. He lives in Sydney, Australia, where he keeps a
998small collection of orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Dendrobium and its Relatives, Part 13: Dendrobium section Oxyglossum","MetaDescription":"Members of the section Oxyglossum are some of the most colourful orchids that we know.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aLHJbxEAACAA-CRe","uid":"edema-what-are-those-strange-spots","url":"/orchids/articles/edema-what-are-those-strange-spots","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aLHJbxEAACAA-CRe%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-08-29T22:42:00+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-08-31T14:11:06+0000","slugs":["edema---what-are-those-strange-spots"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa_v094n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aKvzUWGNHVfTOQUa","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ_v094n09coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aKvzUGGNHVfTOQUZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Edema - What are Those Strange Spots?","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-09-01","Summary":"In orchids, this swelling is caused by improper watering, when the roots absorb more water than can be transpired by the leaves.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"When I first noticed those corky blisters on the leaves of my orchids, I thought it was some kind of aberrant scale. I tried scratching them off and even tried excising them with an X-Acto knife, though of course it wasnât scale at all. The culprit was edema, also known as oedema; swelling caused by excess fluids.\n\nIn orchids, this swelling is caused by improper watering, when the roots absorb","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"more water than can be transpired by the leaves. Typically, this happens during the","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"cooler months in late winter and early spring, especially during extended periods","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"of cool, cloudy weather. If you water on a gray day when the plant is not actively growing or you water late in the day on a day when the nighttime temperatures turn cool, edema blisters may form. The excess water absorbed by the plant causes a swelling of plant cells that produces a blister on the leaf.\n\n[1] This bifoliate cattleya has just developed edema. The blisters are always raised. Sunken spots would be suggestive of a bacterial infection causing a collapse of the cells. Sometimes edema is mistaken for scale, though scale can easily be rubbed off with alcohol and a cotton swab.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGUmGNHVfTOcwO_image-edema1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":442},"id":"aLHGUmGNHVfTOcwO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nProper watering is the key to preventing edema blisters from forming. During the warm growing season when plants are in active growth and the nighttime temperatures are warm, you can water your plants with wild abandon. You can water in the morning, the afternoon or at night. When the humidity is very low, many orchid growers find it difficult to properly hydrate their orchids because they dry out so quickly.\n\n[2] The edema on this cattleya leaf shows the blistering from the swollen plant cells.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGU2GNHVfTOcwP_image-edema2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":444},"id":"aLHGU2GNHVfTOcwP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nSome selectively water in the evenings after the sun has set so their plants will stay wet overnight and soak up water. Fertilizer shouldnât be applied in the evening hours. Darkness, combined with water and nutrients, is a formula for fungal and bacterial growth. Most orchids grow in a nutrient poor environment, so even though the plants may be wet at night from heavy dews and rain, there is insufficient food to fuel rots and the like in nature. If you decide a nighttime watering regime is right for you, water at dusk and then apply your fertilizer in the early morning.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] In severe cases, the raised blisters can coalesce as on these cattleya leaves. Though they are unsightly, the blisters do not spread or otherwise damage the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGVGGNHVfTOcwQ_image-edema3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":447},"id":"aLHGVGGNHVfTOcwQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n\nMy go-to guy, Courtney Hackney, recommends nighttime watering during periods of low humidity and warm nighttime temperatures and notes some of the additional benefits from this approach. Your plants will be well hydrated so you will not have to worry about fertilizer toxicity. The roots will be ready to take up fertilizer as their surface condition has changed from hard and stiff to soft and pliable. If you live in an area with hard water, salts that accumulate in the medium, pots and roots will become soluble overnight, allowing them to be flushed out the next morning while fertilizing. Once the humidity rises or nighttime temperatures drop below the 65â70 F (18â21 C) range, you should resume the more conventional morning watering regimen.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] This phalaenopsis leaf recently developed edema, showing translucent blisters with green tissue underneath. Other edemas have a section in the middle with a corky appearance (the blue spotting is the residual copper fungicide spray).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGVWGNHVfTOcwR_image-edema4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":885},"id":"aLHGVWGNHVfTOcwR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nWatering during the cooler months is quite different than during the main growing season. Many orchids go through a winter resting period and some an outright dormancy, so the orchidâs need for water and fertilizer is at a minimum. Your frequency of watering will be perhaps a quarter or a half of your summertime watering frequency. Water early in the morning, finishing before noon or so. Do not water on gray or rainy days, even if it is your âscheduledâ watering day.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] The raised blisters are clearly displayed on this phalaenopsis leaf. Some of the edema is translucent, and some have taken on a corky appearance (image sent to www.staugorchidsociety.org for diagnosis).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGVmGNHVfTOcwS_image-edema5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":502},"id":"aLHGVmGNHVfTOcwS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid growers spend a lot of time worrying about different pests and diseases that might be afflicting their plants. I have come to believe that there are more physiological and cultural issues that cause problems with your orchids than those caused by pests and diseases. If you have access to the AOS Guide on Orchid Pests and Diseases, read or reread Tom Sheehanâs discu
998ssion on physiological disorders caused by improper watering, light, nutrition, potting faults and other conditions (Sheehan 2002). His comments are as true today as the day they were written.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6-7] Edema can also be expressed on flower segments, as on this cattleya. In fact, edema can form on upper or lower leaf surfaces, stems, sepals or petals.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGV2GNHVfTOcwT_image-edema6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":492},"id":"aLHGV2GNHVfTOcwT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aLHGWGGNHVfTOcwV_image-edema7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":490},"id":"aLHGWGGNHVfTOcwV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nâ Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).\n\nFor Further Reading","spans":[{"start":3,"end":404,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cating, R.A., Palmateer, A.J., Stiles, C.M., Harmon, P.F. and Davison, D.A. 2014. Physiological Disorders of Orchids: Oedema. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Plant Pathology Department, PP244, Revised April 2014. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp164. Accessed July 16, 2015. Sheehan, T.J. 2002. Physiological Disorders of Orchids. p. 4â21. In: Orchid Pests and Diseases, Revised Edition, T.J. Watson editor. American Orchid Society, Delray Beach, Florida.\n\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aKvyLhEAACIA83Pm","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"featured-this-month","first_publication_date":"2025-08-29T09:36:25+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-09-04T22:04:52+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"c6ed8b8e-4bcb-48d4-9a35-d711b809d471","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Edema - What are Those Strange Spots?","MetaDescription":"In orchids, this swelling is caused by improper watering, when the roots absorb more water than can be transpired by the leaves.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aIIg7BAAACMAJVR8","uid":"modern-catasetinae-hybrids","url":"/orchids/articles/modern-catasetinae-hybrids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aIIg7BAAACMAJVR8%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:58:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:44:44+0000","slugs":["modern-catasetinae-hybrids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Modern Catasetinae Hybrids","Author":"Fred Clarke","ArticleDate":"2025-08-01","Summary":"CATASETINAE IS A large group including over 400 species composed primarily of five genera: Catasetum, Cycnoches, Mormodes, Clowe
998sia and Galeandra. These occur across a large geographic area from Mexico through Central and South America, with the largest concentration of species in Brazil.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"CATASETINAE IS A large group including over 400 species composed primarily of five genera: Catasetum, Cycnoches, Mormodes, Clowesia and Galeandra. These occur across a large geographic area from Mexico through Central and South America, with the largest concentration of species in Brazil. This impressive distribution and wide range of habitats has resulted in the evolution of a magnificent variety of plant types, flower shapes and flower colors.","spans":[{"start":91,"end":100,"type":"em"},{"start":102,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":113,"end":121,"type":"em"},{"start":123,"end":132,"type":"em"},{"start":136,"end":145,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetinae have come of age thanks to Nile and Lois Dusdieker for their endowment and the American Orchid Society for the establishment of the new Fred Clarke Catasetinae Award, which recognizes the grower of either a species or hybrid that is regarded as the most outstanding example of the Catasetinaeâ Catasetum, Clowesia, Cycnoches and Mormodes and their intrageneric and intergeneric hybrids, awarded during the preceding calendar year. I am truly honored to have this award named for me. This is the first year for the award to be conferred. The recipient is Gabriel Antich of Costa Rica for his plant of Fredclarkeara Doubtless âGabriel Antichâ FCC/AOS. Congratulations, Gabriel!","spans":[{"start":306,"end":315,"type":"em"},{"start":317,"end":325,"type":"em"},{"start":327,"end":337,"type":"em"},{"start":341,"end":350,"type":"em"},{"start":612,"end":626,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Fredclarkeara Doubtless âGabriel Antichâ FCC-CCE/AOS (No Doubt à Catasetum Orchidglade); exhibitor: Gabriel Antich; photograph: Franco Pupulin.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":69,"end":78,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIywlGsbswqTN34_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":688,"height":943},"id":"aIIywlGsbswqTN34","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This is the most exciting time for Catasetum growers! Just as the awards for Catasetinae have reached new heights, so has the age of Catasetinae breeding. Each yearâs new hybrids and selectively bred species are setting increasingly higher standards of quality.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Catasetum has nearly 230 described species (205 of them currently accepted as distinct species [Plants of the World Online 2025]). This makes for a wide variety of plant types and flower colors, sizes and shapes for breeding. With all this variety, there have been two recent standout species: Catasetum denticulatum and Catasetum tigrinum. These impart particularly impressive results when combined with traditional Catasetum breeding lines that are primarily based on the species Catasetum pileatum and Catasetum expansum. Catasetum denticulatum imparts high flower count, spotted flowers, small plant stature and a habit of blooming two to three times a season. Catasetum tigrinum adds full flower shape, imparting wide petals that fill the gaps between the dorsal and lateral sepals. It also adds high flower count, small plant size and blooms multiple times a year.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":304,"end":327,"type":"em"},{"start":331,"end":349,"type":"em"},{"start":492,"end":511,"type":"em"},{"start":515,"end":533,"type":"em"},{"start":675,"end":693,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum denticulatum is a low elevation warm-growing Amazonian species described
998in 1986 by Francisco Miranda. The plantâs pseudobulbs rarely exceed 6 inches (15 cm) tall. Blooming, twice a year, a plant can produce up to 40 flowers on each pendulous inflorescence.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Catasetum denticulatum âOrange Lipâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzCVGsbswqTN5N_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids2.jpeg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":419},"id":"aIIzCVGsbswqTN5N","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Catasetum denticulatum âDark Spots 42â","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzCFGsbswqTN5M_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids3.jpeg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":292,"height":419},"id":"aIIzCFGsbswqTN5M","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum tigrinum is a warmgrowing Amazonian species from low elevations. The flowers are flat with wide petals, and the cascading inflorescence displays 30 or more well-arranged flowers twice a season.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4â5] Catasetum tigrinum âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":6,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzB1GsbswqTN5L_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids4.jpeg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":487},"id":"aIIzB1GsbswqTN5L","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzBlGsbswqTN5K_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":485},"id":"aIIzBlGsbswqTN5K","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The hybrid Catasetum Dentigrianum (denticulatum à tigrinum) is a match made in heaven! It combines the best qualities of each parental species, particularly the wide, full petal shape and color from the tigrinum parent and the spotting and dentate lip from denticulatum. Both parents added their small plant stature, high flower count and twice-a-year blooming habit. This is a mini-Catasetum.","spans":[{"start":11,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":257,"end":269,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Catasetum Dentigrianum âLove This Flowerâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzBVGsbswqTN5I_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids6.jpeg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":497},"id":"aIIzBVGsbswqTN5I","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Catasetum Dentigrianum âSunset Valley Orchids Excellenceâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzBFGsbswqTN5H_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":496},"id":"aIIzBFGsbswqTN5H","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Catasetum Dentigrianum âSunset Valley Cutieâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzA1GsbswqTN5G_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":498},"id":"aIIzA1GsbswqTN5G","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the new hybrid Catasetum Double Tiger (Dentigrianum à tigrinum), a second dose of tigrinum has been added. The additional tigrinum influence has resulted in wider and flatter petals. It also reinforced the white background flower color and added the bold spotting.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":57,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":85,"end":94,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":134,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Catasetum Double Tiger (Dentigrianum à tigrinum) âBold Spotsâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzAlGsbswqTN5F_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":305},"id":"aIIzAlGsbswqTN5F","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Catasetum Double Tiger âXtra Full and Flatâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzAVGsbswqTN5E_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":303},"id":"aIIzAVGsbswqTN5E","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum Memoria Dorothy Wells (Chuck Taylor à Dentigrianum) delivered excellent results, especially for exhibitors displaying their plants at orchid shows and at AOS monthly judging sessions. So far, eight plants have been awarded: one FCC, six AMs and one HCC. Congratulations to those of you who have won awards for your plants!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid breeding is a combination of art, science, intuition and luck. The hybrid of Catasetum Fonseca Alfaro (Dentigrianum à tenebrosum) was largely the result of my intuition. Catasetum tenebrosum is known for its dark, nearly black flowers and contrasting green lip. It is also the first Catasetum to flower in the early spring. This is where intuition comes in. By combining the fine flower shape and twice-
998a-year flowering of Dentigrinum with the dark flowers, lip color and early season blooming habit of tenebrosum, I thought that the progeny would have flat flowers with dark segments and contrasting dentate lips, and bloom three times a year: spring, summer and fall. Do you love it when a plan comes together?","spans":[{"start":84,"end":94,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":135,"type":"em"},{"start":177,"end":197,"type":"em"},{"start":290,"end":300,"type":"em"},{"start":510,"end":520,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Catasetum Fonseca Alfaro âSpots and Yellow Lipâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIzAFGsbswqTN5D_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"height":242},"id":"aIIzAFGsbswqTN5D","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Catasetum Fonseca Alfaro âVery Niceâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy_1GsbswqTN5B_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"height":242},"id":"aIIy_1GsbswqTN5B","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What makes a high quality Catasetum flower? Is it size, color, shape? Catasetum Dianaâs Dots (Orchidglade à tigrinum) brings together all these elements plus wide floral segments, broad full lips, high flower count and nice arrangement. The AOS judges recognized these qualities in the plants exhibited by their owners, leading to one FCC/AOS, four AM/AOS and one HCC/AOS so far.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":36,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":80,"type":"em"},{"start":108,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Catasetum Dianaâs Dots âSunset Valley Orchidsâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy-1GsbswqTN49_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":287,"height":478},"id":"aIIy-1GsbswqTN49","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Catasetum Dianaâs Dots âSuper Goodâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy-lGsbswqTN48_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":476},"id":"aIIy-lGsbswqTN48","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Catasetum Dianne F. Polmanter","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy-VGsbswqTN47_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":241},"id":"aIIy-VGsbswqTN47","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum Memoria Dorothy Wells crossed to Dianaâs Dots resulted in Catasetum Dianne F. Polmanter. Have you ever seen such a well-formed Catasetum flower? Why is the shape so good? When you evaluate the ancestry in the breeding, both denticulatum and tigrinum each appear twice, constituting 63 percent of the genetic makeup. The remainder is comprised of pileatum, expansum and a little bit of tenebrosum. The shape and color are setting a new standard of quality in this style of breeding.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":77,"type":"em"},{"start":137,"end":147,"type":"em"},{"start":234,"end":247,"type":"em"},{"start":251,"end":260,"type":"em"},{"start":356,"end":364,"type":"em"},{"start":366,"end":375,"type":"em"},{"start":395,"end":405,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Catasetum Memoria Dorothy Wells âFire Hot Lipâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy_lGsbswqTN5A_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"he
998ight":261},"id":"aIIy_lGsbswqTN5A","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Catasetum Memoria Dorothy Wells âSilver and Goldâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy_VGsbswqTN4__image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"height":261},"id":"aIIy_VGsbswqTN4_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Catasetum Memoria Dorothy Wells âSunset Valley Orchids Gold Lipsâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy_FGsbswqTN4-_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"height":262},"id":"aIIy_FGsbswqTN4-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum Melana Davison (denticulatum à Penang) was first made in 2012. It was a landmark hybrid, capitalizing on the small stature of denticulatum, and was one of the first mini-catasetums. This grex is characterized by high flower count, good shape and nice arrangement, and it blooms twice a year. Its quality has been recognized 12 times by the AOS judges, with 11 AM/AOS and one HCC/AOS.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":39,"type":"em"},{"start":136,"end":148,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Ctsm. Melana Davison âFoxtailâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy-FGsbswqTN46_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":466},"id":"aIIy-FGsbswqTN46","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Ctsm. Melana Davison âRedâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy91GsbswqTN45_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":466},"id":"aIIy91GsbswqTN45","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Ctsm. Melana Davison âSummer Snowâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy91GsbswqTN45_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":466},"id":"aIIy91GsbswqTN45","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The latest breeding in the development of improved flower shape is evident in this new unregistered hybrid (Melana Davison à Dianaâs Dots). Note the wide, overlapping petals, the wide, well-rounded, fimbriate lip, high flower count and good arrangement. The next breeding objective will be to add various colors. How about reds or yellows with red spots? They are coming!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Ctsm. (Melana Davison à Dianaâs Dots)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy9VGsbswqTN43_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":586},"id":"aIIy9VGsbswqTN43","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum Norm Tupper is a cross of Portagee Star and tigrinum. Catasetum tigrinum is still impressing me with its breeding potential. There is just something about the flower color and shape of Ctsm. Norm Tupperâ¦We named the cultivar pictured here âSnow Leopardâ.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":62,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":82,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Ctsm. Norm Tupper âSVO Snow Leopardâ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy9FGsbswqTN42_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":288,"height":585},"id":"aIIy9FGsbswqTN42","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The quality of the flowers and the ease of growth of the current Catasetum hybrids will pave the way for even better examples of these remarkable plants in future generations.","spans":[{"start":65,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is hard to have favorites when you are a flower breeder. All the progenies are like your children. But Cycnoches have my favorite flowers, when they are blooming, that is! The cascading arrangement of the charming swanshaped flowers is a visual treat not to be missed each year. These five Cycnoches speciesâwarszewiczii, loddigesii, cooperi, barthiorum and herrenhusanum have led the way in breeding. The first Cycnoches hybrids were impressive, and their quality inspired the next generation of breeding. Now, we are experiencing a breeding revolution in which complex hybrids are breaking boundaries in flower color not even imagined a few years ago.","spans":[{"start":106,"end":116,"type":"em"},{"start":293,"end":303,"type":"em"},{"start":311,"end":357,"type":"em"},{"start":361,"end":375,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches warszewiczii is, in my humble opinion, the most spectacular of the Cycnoches and is responsible for my interest in Catasetinae. The first plant I saw was mesmerizing. I wanted it so badly, but the owner would not sell it to me! This set me on a quest to acquire a plant, and today that quest continues with my breeding to develop the best one ever.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Cycnoches warszewiczii âSVO Swanâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy81GsbswqTN41_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":462},"id":"aIIy81GsbswqTN41","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] Cyc. warszewiczii âJumboâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy8lGsbswqTN4z_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":584,"height":458},"id":"aIIy8lGsbswqTN4z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches loddigesii has easily identifiable flowers, and the acutely upswept petals and elongated narrow white lip set it apart. Some exceptional cultivars have very dark flower color. The colors and patterns of Cyc. loddigesii flowers have important characteristics that are imparted to their offspring, including coalescing of flower spots. This trait is the key to breeding dark colored Cycnoches flowers.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":213,"end":216,"type":"em"},{"start":218,"end":229,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] Cyc. loddigesii âDarknessâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy8VGsbswqTN4y_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":370},"id":"aIIy8VGsbswqTN4y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"27] Cyc. loddigesii âSVOâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy8FGsbswqTN4x_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"height":373},"id":"aIIy8FGsbswqTN4x","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches barthiorum is a complex flower with many different colors, including shades of rose, burgundy, green and white. The flowers are full-shaped, and the lips look like white spiders. It is a floriferous species, and plants commonly bloom with two or three inflorescences carrying 25â30 flowers each.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] Cyc. barthiorum âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy71GsbswqTN4v_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":363},"id":"aIIy71GsbswqTN4v","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Cyc. barthiorum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy7lGsbswqTN4u_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":363},"id":"aIIy7lGsbswqTN4u","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches cooperi must be one of the most spectacular Cycnoches species. Its flowers are a captivating rich chestnut brown color. Mature plants can produce two or three inflorescences per pseudobulb, and exceptionally wellgrown plants can bloom with up to 46 flowers that can reach 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) across. Cycnoches cooperi plants can produce more flower color than there is green plant! This is truly a floriferous species.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":64,"type":"em"},{"start":311,"end":328,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Cyc. cooperi ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy7VGsbswqTN4t_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids30.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":557},"id":"aIIy7VGsbswqTN4t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] Cyc. cooperi âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy7FGsbswqTN4s_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":555},"id":"aIIy7FGsbswqTN4s","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches herrenhusanum was described in 1991, not that long ago for such a spectacular species. It must have been well hidden in nature! The chartreuse flowers can be produced in surprisingly large numbers. It has proven challenging for me to grow well, but occasionally we get an amazing flowering. The plant in [32] has three inflorescences with 73 male flowers and one inflorescence with three female flowers!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] Cyc. herrenhusanum â73 Gold Swansâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy61GsbswqTN4r_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":435},"id":"aIIy61GsbswqTN4r","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33] Cyc. herrenhusanum âSVO Bestâ","
998spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy6lGsbswqTN4p_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids33.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":431},"id":"aIIy6lGsbswqTN4p","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the next section on Cycnoches hybrids, I think you will be amazed to see that just these five species have been used to create such a wide range of new flower colors. These novel hybrids represent the latest advancements in Cycnoches breeding.","spans":[{"start":23,"end":33,"type":"em"},{"start":227,"end":237,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches Providence âSVOâ AM/AOS (Richard Brandon à Martha Clarke) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":68,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When looking at the Cycnoches species you do not see any with yellow flowers and burgundy spots. How did this color combination come about? It is thanks to the yellow flower color from herrenhusanum, the burgundy spots from barthiorum and fine shape imparted by warszewiczii. Believe it or not, this unique color combination was inspired by the recent success in breeding cattleyas that have yellow flowers with red spots.","spans":[{"start":20,"end":30,"type":"em"},{"start":185,"end":198,"type":"em"},{"start":224,"end":235,"type":"em"},{"start":262,"end":274,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[34] Cyc. Providence âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy6VGsbswqTN4o_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids34.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":542},"id":"aIIy6VGsbswqTN4o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches Pineapple Popcorn âSVOâ (warszewiczii à Kevin Clarke) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":64,"type":"strong"},{"start":35,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Have you ever seen pineapple popcorn? Of course not. Have you ever seen a Cycnoches that produces green flowers with gold spots that are as flat as a board? This flower is as rare as pineapple popcorn.","spans":[{"start":74,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[35] Cyc. Pineapple Popcorn âSVOâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy6FGsbswqTN4n_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids35.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":585,"height":540},"id":"aIIy6FGsbswqTN4n","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches Dark Swan (Richard Brandon à Chloronge) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":50,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Can you imagine my happiness when this bloomed? The fabled black swan orchid was born! Ok, so it is not exactly black, thus the name Dark Swan. We are reserving the name Cycnoches Black Swan for the future. Cycnoches Dark Swan has the darkest burgundy spots, which have coalesced to create a first in breeding Cycnoches. This hybrid demonstrated how choosing parents with the ability to coalesce spotting can be a used to develop completely new Cycnoches color combinations.","spans":[{"start":170,"end":180,"type":"em"},{"start":207,"end":216,"type":"em"},{"start":310,"end":319,"type":"em"},{"start":445,"end":455,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[36] Cyc. Dark Swan âBlack Swanâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy51GsbswqTN4m_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids36.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":281,"height":345},"id":"aIIy51GsbswqTN4m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches Melanaâs Swan (warszewiczii à Dark Swan) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":51,"type":"strong"},{"start":25,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Check out that petal color. This cultivar was named âBlack Wingsâ. Here, the petals are completely covered in coalesced spots. The spotted petals and sepals combined with the lip create a great contrast. I think there is huge potential for this grex in future Cycnoches breeding.","spans":[{"start":260,"end":270,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[37] Cyc. Melanaâs Swan âVery Darkâ AM/ AOS. Photograph by Arnold Gum.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy5lGsbswqTN4k_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids37.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":282,"height":253},"id":"aIIy5lGsbswqTN4k","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches The Grinch (Richard Brandon à Cryminy) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":49,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Did I hear you gasp when you saw these photos? Cycnoches The Grinch has ushered in a new era of color. This hybrid proves that the âsky is the limit.â It is almost beyond the imaginationâthat is why we love hybridizing. When you see an orchid hybrid flower for the first time, you are the first person (in the history of the world) to see that first bloom. How awesome is that? When is the last time you had an experience like that? All you have to do is get some unbloomed new hybrids.","spans":[{"start":47,"end":57,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[38] Cyc. The Grinch ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy5VGsbswqTN4i_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids38.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":286},"id":"aIIy5VGsbswqTN4i","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[39] Cyc. The Grinch âBlack Wingsâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy5FGsbswqTN4g_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids39.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":297},"id":"aIIy5FGsbswqTN4g","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[40] Cyc. The Grinch","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy41GsbswqTN4f_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids40.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":394},"id":"aIIy41GsbswqTN4f","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cycnoches Fire Embers âBlack Ashâ (Richard Brandon à Melanaâs Swan) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":68,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This hybrid is getting very close to a truly black swan orchid. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What is the future of black swan orchids? As you can see, the flowers are getting darker and darker, and we believe that this possibility is within our grasp. It will not be long before that possibility becomes a reality, and you will have a chance to possess one of these rare black swans.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[41] Cyc. Fire Embers âBlack Ashâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy4lGsbswqTN4e_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids41.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":322},"id":"aIIy4lGsbswqTN4e","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Back in 1999, a new hybrid genus was established when the Royal Horticultural Society registered the hybrid Fredclarkeara (Fdk.) After Dark (Ctsm. Donna Wise à Mormodia Painted Desert). Thanks to cloning, orchid growers worldwide are familiar with Fredclarkeara After Dark âBlack Pearlâ FCC/AOS.","spans":[{"start":108,"end":121,"type":"em"},{"start":123,"end":126,"type":"em"},{"start":141,"end":145,"type":"em"},{"start":248,"end":261,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[47] Fdk. After Dark âSVO Black Pearlâ FCC/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy3FGsbswqTN4W_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids47.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":275},"id":"aIIy3FGsbswqTN4W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Thanks to 25 years of selective breeding, the genus Fredclarkeara now contains many other fine hybrids that exceed the quality of the original Fdk. After Dark and come in a range of flower colors.","spans":[{"start":52,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":143,"end":146,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Beverly Danielson âMidnightâ GM/JOGA.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":51,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This cultivar was awarded in Japan, receiving a Gold Medal, the highest honor given. The judges took the unusual step of requesting two different backdrops for the award photos so that viewers could fully appreciate the color.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[48â49] Fdk. Beverly Danielson âMidnightâ GM/JOGA. Photograph by Hisakazu Sugiyama.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":11,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy21GsbswqTN4U_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids48.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":282,"height":275},"id":"aIIy21GsbswqTN4U","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy2lGsbswqTN4T_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids49.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":275},"id":"aIIy2lGsbswqTN4T","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara No Doubt (Mormodia Painted Desert à Ctsm. Susan Fuchs) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":69,"type":"strong"},{"start":24,"end":33,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":54,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When this cross was made, we had NO DOUBT it was going to be good. The color of these flowers really opened my eyes and mind to the potential of Fredclarkeara breeding to create new color combinations. As Frank Zappa famously said, âThe mind is like a parachute. It doesnât work if itâs not open.â","spans":[{"start":145,"end":158,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[43] Fredclarkeara No Doubt âNiceâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy4FGsbswqTN4c_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids43.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":412},"id":"aIIy4FGsbswqTN4c","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[44] Fdk. No Doubt âSummer Wineâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy31GsbswqTN4b_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids44.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":410},"id":"aIIy31GsbswqTN4b","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Doubtless (No Doubt à Ctsm. Orchidglade) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":55,"type":"strong"},{"start":36,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This is a second generation Fredclarkeara hybrid. When it began to flower, the quality of the flower shape was, as they say, âoff the charts!â Flowers had wide, full petals, large broad lips, and a range of colors not previously seen in Fredclarkeara breeding. The overall quality of the cross is reflected in the AOS judging results. To date, there have been 11 quality awards: three FCC/AOS, six AM/ AOS and two HCC/AOS. Very impressive!","spans":[{"start":28,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":237,"end":251,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[45] Fdk. Doubtless âSunset Valley Orchidsâ FCC/AOS ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy3lGsbswqTN4Z_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids45.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":286,"he
998ight":453},"id":"aIIy3lGsbswqTN4Z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[46] Fdk. Doubtless âSVO IIâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy3VGsbswqTN4Y_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids46.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":453},"id":"aIIy3VGsbswqTN4Y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Desert Davison (Mormodia Painted Desert à Ctsm. Melana Davison) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":78,"type":"strong"},{"start":30,"end":39,"type":"em"},{"start":56,"end":60,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This cross was inspired by the minicatasetum plant habit and high flower count of Ctsm. Melana Davison. One day it just came to me: this is how you make a small-growing Fredclarkeara hybrid! The results were spectacular. Flower counts range from 20â35 flowers per infloresence. Colors amd patterns range from boldly spotted to black. I was pleased with the cross as were five hobbyists from across the country who received AM/AOS awards for their plants.","spans":[{"start":82,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":169,"end":183,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[50] Fdk. Desert Davison âDark Amethyst","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy2VGsbswqTN4S_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids50.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":492},"id":"aIIy2VGsbswqTN4S","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[52] Fdk. Desert Davison âSVO Obsidianâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy11GsbswqTN4Q_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids52.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":424},"id":"aIIy11GsbswqTN4Q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Gemstones âPlum Perfectâ (Mormodia Painted Desert à Catasetum Orchidglade) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":89,"type":"strong"},{"start":40,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Here is a Fredclarkeara with plumcolored flowers and black throated lips. Whaaat??!!! I am telling you, the best thing ever as an orchid enthusiast is getting high potential seedlings and blooming them for the first time. You will be the first to ever see those blooms, and you will have a unique plant in your collection that no one else has.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[51] Fdk. Gemstones âPlum Perfectâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy2FGsbswqTN4R_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids51.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":583,"height":744},"id":"aIIy2FGsbswqTN4R","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Raffy Pye âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS ( Turning Point x Catasetum De Etta Harris) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":99,"type":"strong"},{"start":73,"end":82,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When this cross was made, I was anticipating green flowers, and I set aside six plants to evaluate. I cannot keep too many plants to flower, as I have a space limitation like everyone else. This cultivar was the third or fourth plant to bloom from those set-aside plants, and it was an instant âkeeper.â
998 Everyone who saw it was amazed, as I was, by the green flowers with black markings! Several years later, it bloomed well, and it was awarded in January 2025 with two inflorescences of 15 flowers each.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[53] Fdk. Raffy Pye âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy1lGsbswqTN4P_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids53.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":416},"id":"aIIy1lGsbswqTN4P","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Upgrade âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS (Mormodia Jumbo World à Catasetum spitzii)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":95,"type":"strong"},{"start":54,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":94,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This impressive Fredclarkeara blooms with 30 flowers per inflorescence. The attractive yellow-green flower color is accentuated by the flower shape and arrangement, making this an exceptional example of this hybrid.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[54] Fdk. Upgrade âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS. Photograph by Arthur Pinkers.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy1VGsbswqTN4O_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids54.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":281,"height":414},"id":"aIIy1VGsbswqTN4O","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fredclarkeara Emerald Gem âGreen Jeansâ FCC/AOS (Mormodia Lime Tiger à Catasetum spitzii) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":90,"type":"strong"},{"start":49,"end":57,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":88,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These flowers are about as green as you can get. Amazingly, all flower parts are the same shade of green, a concolor Fredclarkeara! When awarded, âGreen Jeansâ had an impressive 84 flowers and buds on three inflorescences.","spans":[{"start":117,"end":130,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[55] Fdk. Emerald Gems âSVO Green Jeansâ FCC/AOS. Photograph by Arthur Pinkers.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy1FGsbswqTN4M_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids55.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":584,"height":787},"id":"aIIy1FGsbswqTN4M","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What is there beyond Fredclarkeara? As an orchid hybridizer, I spend a lot of time thinking about creating the next generation and testing the limits of what is possible. One of these test hybrids was a Catamodes (Ctmds.) Dragons Tail
998(Mormodes lawrenceana à Ctsm. denticulatum) that produced flowers with very different colors and unexpectedly good shape. The flowers reminded me of the scales on a mythical dragonâs tail, thus the grex name. The flowers have hard substance and are spotted. This was really a test, as we had no previous experience breeding Catamodes. Although the flowers of Dragons Tail were of nice form and color, the plant was oversized in relation to the flower sizeânot a good combination and not aligned with my breeding objectives. It was hypothesized that the plantâs qualities could be improved by breeding it back to a Catasetum to produce second-generation Catamodes and this strategy worked. There were significant improvements: larger flower size, more symmetrical flower shape, large flat lips, intensified color and longlived blooms. The first two crosses that were made with Ctmds. Dragons Tail are now named Ctmds. Dragons Glade and Ctmds. Darkonium.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":34,"type":"em"},{"start":203,"end":221,"type":"em"},{"start":236,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":259,"end":277,"type":"em"},{"start":559,"end":568,"type":"em"},{"start":849,"end":859,"type":"em"},{"start":888,"end":897,"type":"em"},{"start":1111,"end":1116,"type":"em"},{"start":1145,"end":1150,"type":"em"},{"start":1170,"end":1175,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes Dragons Glade ( Dragons Tail à Ctsm. Orchidglade)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":59,"type":"strong"},{"start":41,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This grex had everything I dreamed of, including an impressive range of flower colors! This grex is one good example of why I love hybridizing.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[56] Catamodes Dragons Glade âDragonâs Fireâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy01GsbswqTN4L_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids56.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":274},"id":"aIIy01GsbswqTN4L","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[57] Ctmds. Dragons Glade âBlack Dragonâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy0lGsbswqTN4K_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids57.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":274},"id":"aIIy0lGsbswqTN4K","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[58] Ctmds. Dragonâs Glade âPure Goldâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy0VGsbswqTN4J_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids58.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":283,"height":275},"id":"aIIy0VGsbswqTN4J","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes Darkonium (Dragons Tail à Ctsm. John C. Burchett) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":60,"type":"strong"},{"start":36,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This was the second test cross with Dragons Tail. Another huge success! The flower shape, size, color and blooming habit proved that Catamodes breeding was going to be fantastic, and more hybrids along these lines needed to be made â immediately.","spans":[{"start":133,"end":143,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Exploring the potential of Catamodes breeding has led to many more amazing developments.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[59] Ctmds. Darkonium âBase Elementâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIy0FGsbswqTN4I_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids59.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":283},"id":"aIIy0FGsbswqTN4I","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[60] Ctmds. Darkonium âBlack Elementâ AM/AOS ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyz1GsbswqTN4H_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids60.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":189,"height":286},"id":"aIIyz1GsbswqTN4H","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[61] Ctmds. Darkonium âElementalâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyzlGsbswqTN4G_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids61.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":232,"height":288},"id":"aIIyzlGsbswqTN4G","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes Double Dragon (Dragons Glade à Ctsm. Orchidglade) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":60,"type":"strong"},{"start":41,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We crossed Dragons Glade back to its Orchidglade parent. This is a proven breeding approach, as the doubling of parental genes reinforces good qualities. The flowers are larger, fuller and come in a range of colors from black to yellow!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[62] Ctmds. Double Dragon âMidnightâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyzVGsbswqTN4F_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids62.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":285,"height":225},"id":"aIIyzVGsbswqTN4F","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[63] Ctmds. Double Dragon ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyzFGsbswqTN4D_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids63.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":282,"height":222},"id":"aIIyzFGsbswqTN4D","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[64] Ctmds. Double Dragon âSVO Bold Spotsâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyy1GsbswqTN4C_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids64.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":282,"height":391},"id":"aIIyy1GsbswqTN4C","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes (Dragons Tail à Catasetum Susan Fuchs) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":49,"type":"strong"},{"start":26,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This as-yet-unregistered hybrid gave us nicely shaped flowers with a yellow base color and bold spotting. This result highlights a new area for development in Catamodes breeding.","spans":[{"start":159,"end":169,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[65â67] Catamodes Dragonâs Tail à Catasetum Susan Fuchs","spans":[{"start":8,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":34,"end":43,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyylGsbswqTN4B_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids65.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":280,"height":317},"id":"aIIyylGsbswqTN4B","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyyVGsbswqTN4A_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids66.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":321},"id":"aIIyyVGsbswqTN4A","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyyFGsbswqTN3__image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids67.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":284,"height":319},"id":"aIIyyFGsbswqTN3_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes (Darkonium à Catasetum Donna Wise) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":45,"type":"strong"},{"start":23,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Breeding for black flowers is not (yet) an exact science, but we keep trying. With this cross, we chose to use Ctsm. Donna Wise, because I think it is the influence behind the good color in Fdk. After Dark. Check out the results: beautifully shaped black flowers with broad lips. I love seeing the outcomes from this type of breeding.","spans":[{"start":111,"end":115,"type":"em"},{"start":190,"end":193,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[68] Ctmds. Darkonium à Ctsm. Donna Wise","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyyFGsbswqTN3-_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids68.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":585,"height":741},"id":"aIIyyFGsbswqTN3-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes (Darkonium x Ctsm. Dagny) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":36,"type":"strong"},{"start":23,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Continuing the concept of crossing dark Catasetum flowers back to Darkonium, this combination gave excellent flower count and arrangement plus good shape, black color and nice flower size.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[69] Ctmds. Darkonium à Ctsm. Dagny","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyxlGsbswqTN39_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids69.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":684,"height":936},"id":"aIIyxlGsbswqTN39","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes Kryptonium (Darkonium à Ctsm. Orchidglade) ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":53,"type":"strong"},{"start":34,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"How about this for a cool cross nameâKryptonium? A name like this could only come from a fan of Marvel movies. We got another surprise from this grex: flower colors ranging from black to yellow. How can that be? We will need to see how this kind of range is expressed in the next generation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[70] Ctmds. Kryptonium âBrian Leeâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyxVGsbswqTN37_
998image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids70.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":434,"height":426},"id":"aIIyxVGsbswqTN37","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[71] Ctmds. Kryptonium âYellow Goldâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyxFGsbswqTN36_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids71.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":435,"height":424},"id":"aIIyxFGsbswqTN36","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catamodes Warped Gravity (Darkonium à Ctsm. Susan Fuchs)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":56,"type":"strong"},{"start":38,"end":42,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" In this hybrid, we again see that Susan Fuchs imparts a yellow base color and bold burgundy spotting to the flowers. These are also large flowers with broad flat lips. I am still thinking about how to capitalize on all these good qualities. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[72] Ctmds. Warped Gravity","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIyw1GsbswqTN35_image-modern-catasetinae-hybrids72.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":585,"height":782},"id":"aIIyw1GsbswqTN35","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetinae hybrids are fantastic, but how can I grow them best? As with all orchids, good culture starts with learning about the environmental conditions in the natural habitat where the orchid species have adapted to survive and thrive. Catasetinae plants have evolved to grow through a very specific series of seasonal environmental changes in areas that are warm to hot and very wet in the summer followed by a cooler, dry winter. In the spring, just before the onset of the rainy season, plants begin producing new growths and new roots. This action anticipates the period when moisture and nutrients will be plentiful. Plants then gather energy and develop their pseudobulbs during the hot rainy summer growing season. As winter approaches, the new pseudobulbs begin to drop their leaves and harden off to effectively store moisture while they are dormant during the dry winter season. Besides changing rainfall patterns, there are other seasonal environmental triggers for the plants: lengthening days in spring, warm nights and long days in summer, shortening days in autumn and short days and cool nights in winter. These seasonal changes are the signals for Catasetinae plants to start growing in spring, developing in summer, preparing for dormancy in fall, and becoming dormant in winter.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dormancy is a plantâs adaptation to conserve moisture during the droughtlike conditions in winter and early spring. In the fall, leaves turn brown and drop off, reducing the plantâs capacity for photosynthesis and allowing the conservation of stored water and nutrients in the pseudobulbs. This ability to conserve moisture during the dry season is critical for the plantâs existence. Few orchid plants go through such a dramatic seasonal change. The key to your success in growing these plants is understanding the importance of the adaptations that Catasetinae have evolved in their natural environment.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"An understanding of these adaptations and our experience in cultivating Catasetinae for more than three decades led to this seasonal guide to growing these plants successfully.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SPRING Catasetinae begin their growth in the early spring with warming temperatures and lengthening days. The new growth emerges at the base of the prior yearâs pseudobulb. The plant does not need to be watered during this initial growth phase. The new growth then will produce roots that develop in anticipation of the forthcoming increase in water availability. Once the roots have reached a length of 3â6 inches (7.5â15 cm) it is time to begin watering and fertilizing. Restricting water during the initial growth period encourages better root development. This is a very important practice that should be followed for best results.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SUMMER With the heat, humidity and long days of summer, the plants enter a period of very rapid leaf growth and pseudobulb development. This is the time to water and fertilize. In most cases, irrigation will be needed two or three times a week. A balanced fertilizer applied at a rate of 1/2 tsp/gal (0.6 cc/l) is suggested. Bright light levels, at or above those suggested for cattleyas, will help to produce strong growth and flowering. This is also the time when you will begin to see the first blooms of the season. During active growth in the summer, the ideal day temperatures should be 75â95 F (23.9â95 C) with nighttime temperatures of 65â85 F (18.3â29.4 C). Catasetinae enjoy strong air movement. If you are growing in a greenhouse, use fans to circulate the air. Hanging the plants high in your growing area allows for maximum air movement around them as well as increased light levels.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"FALL Catasetinae have fully developed their pseudobulbs by late fall, which is the peak of the blooming season. During this period, days are shortening, and temperatures are becoming cooler. Irrigation frequency needs to be reduced, and fertilization stopped so that the plants begin hardening off in preparation for dormancy. The first signs of dormancy in your collection will be yellowing leaf tips on the lower leaves. Shortly thereafter,the whole leaf will turn yellow and drop. The general rule to follow is on the first of November, reduce watering frequency and stop fert
998ilizing. Continue to reduce watering frequency until late December, then stop watering completely. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WINTER During early winter, the plants complete hardening off their pseudobulbs, dropping the last of their leaves, and entering dormancy. By late December and January, most leaves should have yellowed or fallen off. Irrigation should have been stopped already. Plants will generally stay in this dormant state for one to three months. During dormancy, minimum temperatures should be 55â65 F (12.8â18.3 C) , and humidity should be maintained between 40 and 60 percent.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MORE ABOUT DORMANCY In the fall and winter, it is important that plants receive consistent dormancy signals. In their natural environment, this is caused by several factors: shortening days, cooler temperatures and lack of rainfall. Plants grown outdoors or in greenhouses will enter dormancy naturally in response to these triggers. When plants are grown in the home or under lights where seasonal changes in day length and temperature are less pronounced, the only dormancy signal might be the reduction in watering frequency. Starting on the first of November, reduce irrigation and continue to lengthen the dry interval until late December, when watering should stop, regardless of the number of green leaves. If there is a bit of pseudobulb shriveling, one or two additional waterings may be needed in January to plump the plants back up. It is important that plants go dormant on schedule so that they will begin their new growth in the spring, providing a long summer growing season and assuring the best flowering. Catasetinae in dormancy prefer humidity levels of 40â60 percent. This can be challenging to achieve in winter, especially in northern climates. An effective technique involves grouping the dormant plants on a humidity tray filled with water, which can help to create higher humidity levels around the plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING MIX For seedlings and mature plants up to a 5-inch (12.5 cm) pot size, AAA New Zealand long-fibered sphagnum moss with the bottom â
of the pot filled with Styrofoam peanuts to assure good drainage has proven to work well. A mixture of fine bark and perlite is also excellent. Catasetinae are not too particular about the potting medium if their seasonal irrigation needs are met.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CONTAINERS I prefer to grow in plastic pots; however, clay pots and baskets will work as well. Catasetinae do not like to be overpotted, and it is important to select a pot size that will allow for two years of growth but no more than this.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REPOTTING AND DIVIDING This is best done as the new growth is just starting to develop and before the new roots start to emerge. At this stage, you will best know how to orient the plant in the pot, and the new roots will grow directly into the new mix. Even though you have repotted, remember not to water until the new roots are 3â6 inches (7.5â 15 cm) long. If you notice new roots more than an inch (2.5 cm) or so long, consider slip-potting the plant up one pot size to avoid breaking the developing roots. Catasetinae do well when divided into two or three pseudobulb pieces. Divisions are made by cutting with a sterile tool or by carefully pulling the bulbs apart. Repotting can occur every second year, as plants should be potted in containers to allow for two yearâs growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"INSECT PESTS Catasetinae are generally pest free, except for spider mites that can be attracted to the soft leaves. Spider mites are quite small, and they live and feed on the chlorophyll in the cells on the undersides of the leaves. Spider mites are not actually insects and belong to the related group Arachnida, which also contains spiders and scorpions. For effective control, be sure to use a recommended miticide from your garden center.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetinae plant growth is seasonally dynamic. When growth starts in the spring, you can almost watch the leaves lengthen in real time, and during the most rapid growth period in early summer, it is not uncommon to have leaf growth of 3â6 inches (7.5â15 cm) per week. Try putting a ruler in the pot next to your plant, and you will be able to measure this amazing growth for yourself. After many years of growing these plants, I am still surprised by how quickly they develop each summer. Suddenly, inflorescences appear, and many can flower two to three times a season. Now that is a nice trait! Shortly afterward, fall arrives, and leaves begin to yellow and drop off, and suddenly plants are in winter dormancy. Truly a dynamic cycle.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you are new to Catasetinae, I hope you are inspired by this article, and we hope you will join us on the Catasetinae journey. If you already are growing these wonderful plants, you understand. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Fred Clarke owns and operates Sunset Valley Orchids, located near San Diego, California, USA. His interest in Catasetinae spans over 35 years, and he is recognized as the foremost breeder of this plant group. His hybridization efforts and commitment to the world-wide education of hobbyists in the culture of Catasetinae has created renewed interest in this amazing group and helped to establish Catasetinae as ideal plants for orchid growers around the world (www.sunsetvalleyorchids.com; (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":522,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aIIeZBAAACUAJVDZ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-august-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:46:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:46:49+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"b1e81b6b-ec6f-4478-8e78-db3f6730d68a","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Modern Catasetinae Hybrids","MetaDescription":"CATASETINAEISA large group including over 400 species composed primarily of five genera: Catasetum, Cycnoches, Mormodes, Clowe
998sia and Galeandra. These occur across a large geographic area from Mexico through Central and South America, with the largest concentration of species in Brazil.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aIJH-xAAACUAJY3w","uid":"cleaning-clay-pots","url":"/orchids/articles/cleaning-clay-pots","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aIJH-xAAACUAJY3w%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:58:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:29:39+0000","slugs":["cleaning-clay-pots"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cleaning Clay Pots","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-08-01","Summary":"If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hard-water salts from them prior to reuse.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"IF YOU WANT to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hard-water salts from them prior to reuse. It is a chore that can quickly become unmanageable unless you clean your used pots daily while you are repotting during the marathon repotting season in the spring.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SCRUB DEBRIS FROM THE POT The first step is to remove any potting mix, roots and other detritus from the pot. I fill a 5-gallon (about 19-L) bucket with water and drop the pots into the bucket as I am repotting. You can add a little dishwashing liquid to the water if you like. Your last repotting chore of the day will be scrubbing these pots. Use an abrasive pad to scrub away as much of the adhering roots, encrusted salt and other debris as you can.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"STERILIZE THE POT Sterilizing porous clay pots is necessary to avoid transferring pests, diseases or viruses from the last occupant to the next occupant of the pot. You can use either chemicals or heat to sterilize clay pots. Traditional Bleach Soak.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]â Clay pots are porous so they can absorb salts and pathogens which can be damaging to the next occupant of the pot. Pots should be cleaned and then sterilized before they are used again. Your final repotting chore of the day is cleaning the debris from the pots so you do not end up with the tedious chore of cleaning a stockpile of dirty pots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJJ3FGsbswqTOQI_image-cleaning-clay-pots1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":717,"height":449},"id":"aIJJ3FGsbswqTOQI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The traditional advice is to disinfect your clay pots by soaking them for several hours in a 10 percent (by volume) bleach solution (one part chlorine bleach to nine parts of water). If you are using a 5-gallon (19-L) bucket, add ½ gallon (1.9 L) bleach, drop in your scrubbed pots and fill to the top with water. You can also add pool algaecide (2 tsp/gal [about 10 ml/3.875 L] if 10 percent strength) in lieu of, or in addition to, your bleach solution for extra killing power. Youâll pull the pots out of the bucket, wash them off with a hose and drop them into a second 5-gallon (19-L) bucket filled with water. Let them soak for several hours to remove any residual bleach or algaecide. Remember to use rubber gloves so your skin doesnât contact the bleach or algaecide solution which, after a very few exposures, can cause skin sensitivity and chemical burns. The bleach or algaecide kills everything with the possible exception of viruses so the next step is heat treatment. If you bake the pots in the oven at 400 F (260C) for two hours, any virus will be eliminated. Add your used rhizome clips and other wire products to the oven to decontaminate them at the same time. Let the pots cool off in the oven and they are ready to be reused, assuming the salts are gone. Dishwasher and Oven Alternative.","spans":[{"start":1276,"end":1287,"type":"em"},{"start":1291,"end":1308,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]â Once you have removed the debris from the pot, you can use a dis
998hwasher to finish cleaning them and help draw salts from the pot. The pots still require sterilization to eliminate virus particles.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJJ21GsbswqTOQH_image-cleaning-clay-pots2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":346},"id":"aIJJ21GsbswqTOQH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I have started washing prescrubbed pots in the dishwasher, followed by baking them in the oven, thereby eliminating the need for the bleach soak. After the initial scrub, I let the potssoak in a water-filled 5- gallon (19-L) bucket to start dissolving any residual salts. Alternatively, you can bring them into the kitchen and soak them in hot water, which will hasten salt dissolution. I scrub the pots a second time to remove encrusted salts and residual debris and then pop them into the dishwasher, sometimes with twice the normal amount of detergent or a few teaspoons of trisodium phosphate. The heat and detergent will draw the salts either out of the pot or to the outside edge of the pot. As they are removed from the dishwasher, check for any remaining salt encrustation and, if present, scrub with an abrasive pad while the pots are still warm. Then bake the pots in the oven for two hours at 400 F (204 C) along with any wire products that need decontamination. Let them cool in the oven. If salts are not visible on the pots, they are ready to be reused.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REMOVE STUBBORN SALT ENCRUSTATION Sometimes you will find or acquire pots with stubborn salt encrustations that are still present after your normal cleaning sequence. You need to remove any residual salts that have been absorbed into the porous clay pots. Otherwise, the roots of your newly repotted orchid can burn if they come into contact with the white deposits as a result of salt toxicity. If soaking and washing the pots does not remove all the salts, you have a few alternatives.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]â Terry set up a heat treatment station in our boat house with a secondhand oven he bought for $50. I set the oven to 500 F (260 C) and let the pots bake for two hours to eliminate all pathogens and also to help remove stubborn salt encrustations.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJJ2lGsbswqTOQG_image-cleaning-clay-pots3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":346},"id":"aIJJ2lGsbswqTOQG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mild Acid Soak","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If the pots still have visible white stains, try an overnight soak in a mild acid. Use white vinegar in whatever concentration you are comfortable handling, either a pure or diluted solution. Scrub any residual salt from the pot, and follow with a second soak in water to remove the acetic acid. Ray Barkalow of First Rayssuggests using citric acid, a mild organic acid that is very effective for removing deposits. Citric acid may be sold in your grocery store for use in ethnic recipes as âsour salt.â Even at 1 cup/gallon (¼ L/3.875 L), it is still quite plant-friendly, so you need not worry too much about rinsing. The product is used in fertilizers to enhance solubility and in leaf cleaners for removing deposits.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Simmer on the Stove","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For stubborn salt deposits, drop your pots in a stew pot filled to the brim with water and set on a slow simmer for several hours. The heat will help draw the salts from the pot.You can add a mild acid such as vinegar or citric acid to help solubilize the salts. Then soak the pots in fresh water to remove leftover acid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Simmer on the Stove","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For stubborn salt deposits, drop your pots in a stew pot filled to the brim with water and set on a slow simmer for several hours. The heat will help draw the salts from the pot.You can add a mild acid such as vinegar or citric acid to help solubilize the salts. Then soak the pots in fresh water to remove leftover acid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"High Temperature","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Increasing your oven temperature to 500 F (260 C) during the heat sterilization step will also help remove stubborn salt encrustations. The deposits on the pots are a combination of minerals from the water supply (probably naturally occurring bicarbonates and carbonates), minerals from the fertilizers (nitrates and sulfates predominantly) and organic plant wastes. Ray Barkalow of First Rays contends that these materials are all blended together and are probably deposited on the pot rather than chemically bonded to it. The cooking process destroys the sticky organic materials and possibly changes the physical or chemical properties of the inorganic materials, making them more friable and easy to remove. At any rate, cook the pots for an hour or two at your ovenâs highest temperature setting and when the pots are cool enough, place them in the sink and fill the sink with water for a brief soak. It is best to use this alternative when the house can be opened for ventilation and vapors can be dispersed easily. The fumes are similar to those you get when you put the oven through a selfcleaning cycle. You will have to ventilate to get rid the house of fumes, but your pots will look brand new without using chemicals such as bleach or acid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4]â Pots in the final soak after heat treatment. The pots look almost brand new and are ready to return to duty.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJJ2VGsbswqTOQF_image-cleaning-clay-pots4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":716,"height":551},"id":"aIJJ2VGsbswqTOQF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ONE-STEP CLEANUP USING A KILN Bob Scully,Jr., of the former great orchid nursery Jones \u0026 Scully, uses a kiln to
998sterilize and desalt pots prior to reuse. He simply removes the coarse debris from the pots and runs them through a kiln. The kiln has a firing temperature on the order of 1,000 F (540 C), a high enough temperature that pests, diseases, viruses and salts are all eliminated in one step. He brushes any residual ash off the pots after removal from the kiln and theyâre ready to reuse.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cleaning up your pots can quickly become a chore if you stockpile dirty pots to handle âlater.â Drop your dirty pots in a bucket of water as you are repotting so the debris and roots will be softened up by the end of the day. Your last repotting chore of the day will be to scrub the debris from the pots. Then you either stockpile prescrubbed pots or continue on with the sterilization process and drop them into a bleach solution, wash in the dishwasher, cook in the oven or do whatever you choose to sterilize your pots. You will be able to sleep the sleep of the righteous knowing that your âalmost newâ pots are ready for your new beauties.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board ([email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aIIeZBAAACUAJVDZ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-august-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:46:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:46:49+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"d818b890-d5b6-46c2-8a63-a8cdb345fd31","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Cleaning Clay Pots","MetaDescription":"If you want to reuse your clay pots, it is important to clean, sterilize and remove fertilizer and hard-water salts from them prior to reuse.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aIJLpxAAACMAJZMp","uid":"why-will-it-not-bloom-part-4-cattleyas","url":"/orchids/articles/why-will-it-not-bloom-part-4-cattleyas","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aIJLpxAAACMAJZMp%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:58:16+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:25:46+0000","slugs":["why-will-it-not-bloom-part-4-cattleyas"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg_v094n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aIIgrFGsbswqTNmg","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,94,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":94,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh_v094n08coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aIIgrVGsbswqTNmh","edit":{"x":0,"y":118,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 4: Cattleyas","Author":"Ron McHatton","ArticleDate":"2025-08-01","Summary":"In general, there are two significant components to flowering, energy reserves and meeting the environmental factors to which individual orchids are adapted.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the first part of this series (May), we discussed the general provisions that must be met to induce flowering. In general, there are two significant components to flowering, energy reserves and meeting the environmental factors to which individual orchids are adapted. Is my plant p
998hysically mature enough to bloom? Is it large enough to build up reproductive reserve energy? A good root system is absolutely critical to this. Once these needs are met, a collection of environmental factors, depending on the genus, comes into play. These include diurnal variation between day and night temperatures, absolute day and night temperatures, seasonal variation in day length, seasonal variation in light levels, and seasonal variations in water availability.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cattlianthe Jewel Box âScheherazadeâ CCM/AOS; grower: Elmore Orchids.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJPpFGsbswqTOUt_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part4-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":734,"height":487},"id":"aIJPpFGsbswqTOUt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a group, species in the Cattleya Alliance are strongly dependent on changes in day and night length throughout the year. Careful selection of parents can spread the flowering season out somewhat, but few cattleya hybrids will flower randomly throughout the year. Instead flowering, depending on their background, may be winter into spring (triggered by the days getting longer after the winter solstice), spring into summer (triggered by passing the spring equinox) and so forth â for instance, Cattlianthe Jewel Box typically flowers from January to late April or early May. The cross is a direct hybrid of the winter-flowering Guarianthe aurantiaca and a complex hybrid representing a collection of spring-flowering species. This dependence on day length was the backbone of the cattleya cut-flower industry of the 1940s and 1950s. As an example, Cattleya Trimos (mossiae à trianae) is so dependent on day length that its flowering can be timed in the same way that growers now force Poinsettias for the Christmas season.","spans":[{"start":498,"end":509,"type":"em"},{"start":852,"end":860,"type":"em"},{"start":869,"end":876,"type":"em"},{"start":879,"end":886,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cattleya trianae âCanthiâ AM/AOS; grower: Bruno Pareja Herrera. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJPo1GsbswqTOUs_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part4-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":363,"height":433},"id":"aIJPo1GsbswqTOUs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Cattleya mossiae f. reineckiana (Semialba) âClaireâ AM/AOS; grower: William Rogerson. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJPoVGsbswqTOUq_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part4-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":367,"height":435},"id":"aIJPoVGsbswqTOUq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Guarianthe aurantiaca âWalbyâ AM/AOS; grower: Walter Hiraishi. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJPolGsbswqTOUr_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part4-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":407},"id":"aIJPolGsbswqTOUr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Guarianthe bowringiana âKathleenâ AM/ AOS; grower: William Rogerson.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aIJPoVGsbswqTOUp_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part4-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":370,"height":742},"id":"aIJPoVGsbswqTOUp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you have trouble flowering cattleyas, especially those with a sharply defined flowering season such as âfall purplesâ or âwinter whites,â and you are sure they are mature enough to flower and are getting proper nutrition, check your variation in day length. This is especially important when bringing plants in as temperatures cool or moving them outdoors in the spring. â Ron McHatton (email [email protected])","spans":[{"start":374,"end":414,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aIIeZBAAACUAJVDZ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-august-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-07-28T17:46:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-28T20:46:49+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"2801812f-3754-4a90-942d-ab46288bd66b","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 4: Cattleyas","MetaDescription":"In general, there are two significant components to flowering, energy reserves and meeting the environmental factors to which individual orchids are adapted.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aGuIlBIAACMA-mNa","uid":"sunburn-or...something-else","url":"/orchids/articles/sunburn-or...something-else","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aGuIlBIAACMA-mNa%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-07T13:41:26+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:08:01+0000","slugs":["sunburn-or...something-else"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Sunburn or...Something Else?","Author":"Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-07-01","Summary":"Sunburn happens fast, beginning as a bleached spot and developing into a black, necrotic mess in severe cases.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We have all done it⦠sunburned our orchids. Maybe we moved them out of their winter homes into too bright light, put them in the yard during a rainstorm and forgot them when the sun came out or just did not pay attention to the changing sun patterns. Sunburn happens fast, beginning as a bleached spot and developing into a black, necrotic mess in severe cases. Sunburn typically occurs on the leaf where the sun angle is the most direct, when the sunlight strikes the leaf perpendicular to its surface. More oblique sun angles have a lesser chance of causing sunburn.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1â3] Sunburn typically occurs on the high point of the leaf where the sun angle is most direct.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNzkMqNJQqHl3u_image-sunburn-or-something-else1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":813,"height":487},"id":"aGuNzkMqNJQqHl3u","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNzUMqNJQqHl3t_image-sunburn-or-something-else2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":813,"height":467},"id":"aGuNzUMqNJQqHl3t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNzEMqNJQqHl3s_image-sunburn-or-something-else3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":815,"height":544},"id":"aGuNzEMqNJQqHl3s","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Each plant has a maximum light saturation point, the maximum amount of light that it can absorb and convert into chemical energy. If exposed to higher levels of light, it will absorb the energy of the light without being able to process it, so the internal leaf temperature will increase to potentially unsafe levels, possibly resulting in sunburn. For most plants, the light saturation point occurs at about 25 to 50% of full sunlight. When exposed to excess light, leaves must dissipate the surplus absorbed light energy to prevent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, otherwise known as sunburn.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The most important ways i n which leaves dissipate excess heat is through convective cooling, where heat is transferred from the leaf to the air circulating around it, and evaporative cooling, where transpiration of moisture through the stomata removes a large amount of heat, cooling the leaf. Proper plant shading during the hot summer months to reduce light intensity along with good air movement and good irrigation practices help dissipate excess heat and are critical to preventing sunburn.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Once you have tortured your plants a few times, you learn that sunburn has a pretty distinctive appearance. Sometimes a leaf can be damaged just short of being sunburned and has a bleached look, but the damage always first appears on the highest point of the leaf exposed to the most direct sunlight. There were some plants in the greenhouse that had that bleached sort of pre-sunburn look, but the damage was not where it should have been.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Splotches of slighted raised light green tissue on upper leaf surface, no sporing bodies on either surface, spots almost look like they are bleached as if close to sunburn","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNy0MqNJQqHl3r_image-sunburn-or-something-else4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":602,"height":580},"id":"aGuNy0MqNJQqHl3r","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The symptoms seem to begin with one or tw
998o slightly raised bleached areas on the upper surface of the leaf. It looks like the beginning of sunburn on the leaf, although the discolored splotches are not on the highest point of the leaf receiving the most direct sunlight, where you would expect the sunburn to begin. As the damage progresses, the color changes from light green to tannish, and the tissue becomes slightly sunken from the surrounding leaf. Typically, there is no discoloration or markings on the leaf underside. In advanced stages, the tissue can turn to dark brown in the center of the discolored blotchy patch and becomes more sunken, with the discoloration apparent on the lower leaf surface. Often found on seedlings, it does not seem to impair growth, and the symptoms do not seem to spread readily to other plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Bleached area of slightly sunken light tan tissue on upper surface of leaf. Visible veins in leaf in bleached area. No markings on leaf underside.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNykMqNJQqHl3q_image-sunburn-or-something-else5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":602,"height":578},"id":"aGuNykMqNJQqHl3q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After a conversation with Dave Off, in which he noticed the same thing in the Waldor greenhouses, we decided to send some samples off to Waypoint Analytical for analysis. The Waypoint report stated that there were isolated Colletotrichum species present, the fungus responsible for causing the leaf spotting disease anthracnose: âIn most cases, this disease is considered more aesthetic than life-threatening. Efforts for reducing the spread of disease include avoiding overhead sprinkling and reducing humidity by improving ventilation. Removal of infected leaves is also very helpful since it reduces the amount of the fungus available to infect new tissues. Control can also be achieved with the use of fungicide sprays applied as soon as symptoms are visible.â Dave reported they have stopped the progression of the disease by spraying with thiophanate methyl (Thiomyl, Clearys 3336, T-Methy). Pageant and Phyton 27/35 are also reported to be effective for controlling this disease. The fungicides suitable for treating anthracnose are also effective on the other leaf spotting fungi.","spans":[{"start":223,"end":237,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6]âTwo large blotchy spots, but not on the highest point of the leaf where you would expect the sunburn to occur. Bleached light tan spots, has brown scarring sunken tissue over bleached areas. In area of worst damage, there is brown showing on the leaf underside","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNyUMqNJQqHl3p_image-sunburn-or-something-else6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":603,"height":576},"id":"aGuNyUMqNJQqHl3p","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7]âTwo splotches of slightly raised light green tissue on upper surface, one would be in right place for sunburn and the second wouldnât be, nothing on leaf undersides.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuNyEMqNJQqHl3n_image-sunburn-or-something-else7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":603,"height":575},"id":"aGuNyEMqNJQqHl3n","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuTBkMqNJQqHl7g_image-sunburn-or-something-else-fun-fact.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":611,"height":837},"id":"aGuTBkMqNJQqHl7g","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These are mild cases of anthracnose in cattleyas. We have seen more severe damage as we wrote about in several articles about leaf spotting fungi in cattleyas: Part 1 - The New Anthracnose, Part 3 - Anthracnose and Anthracnose in a Cattleya Alliance Plant (Bottom 2025ac). The symptoms in cattleyas often look different from the damage seen in thin leaved orchids. Perhaps even the tough, waxy cuticles of cattleyas would benefit from a periodic preventative spraying program.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuT10MqNJQqHl8f_image-sunburn-or-something-else8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":457,"height":292},"id":"aGuT10MqNJQqHl8f","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuT1kMqNJQqHl8e_image-sunburn-or-something-else9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":459,"height":311},"id":"aGuT1kMqNJQqHl8e","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuT1UMqNJQqHl8c_image-sunburn-or-something-else10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":459,"height":300},"id":"aGuT1UMqNJQqHl8c","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References: ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bottom, S. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":11,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Part 1 - The New Anthracnose. https://staugor - chidsociety.org/p
998df/LeafSpottingFungi-Part1-NewAnthracnosebySueBottom.pdf. Accessed online 3/6/25 . ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":148,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Part 3 â Anthracnose. https://staugorchidsociety.org/pdf/ LeafSpottingFungi-Part3-AnthracnosebySueBottom.pdf Accessed online 3/6/25. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":133,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Anthracnose in a Cattleya Alliance Plant. https://staugorchidsociety.org/pdf/AnthracnoseOnCattleyaAlliancePlantbySueBottom.pdf. Accessed online 3/6/25. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":152,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Taiz L. and E. Zeiger. 2014. Plant physiology and development: 6th revised edition. SINAUER Associates Inc. U.S., Chapter 9 Photosynthesis: Physiological and Ecological Considerations","spans":[{"start":0,"end":183,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: sbottom15@ gmail.com).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aF8ABxEAACIA5H5A","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-july-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-30T16:56:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:00:44+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"96b8ea69-1dc0-44de-90c5-e055ababa222","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Sunburn or...Something Else?","MetaDescription":"Sunburn happens fast, beginning as a bleached spot and developing into a black, necrotic mess in severe cases.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aGuAdxIAACEA-ldl","uid":"why-will-it-not-bloom-part-3","url":"/orchids/articles/why-will-it-not-bloom-part-3","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aGuAdxIAACEA-ldl%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-07T13:41:26+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:06:23+0000","slugs":["why-will-it-not-bloom-part-3"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Why Will it Not Bloom, Part 3","Author":"Ron McHatton","ArticleDate":"2025-07-01","Summary":"In the first part of this series (May), we discussed the general provisions that must be met to induce flowering.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the first part of this series (May), we discussed the general provisions that must be met to induce flowering. In general, there are two significant components to flowering, energy reserves and meeting the environmental factors to which individual orchids are adapted. Is my plant p
998hysically mature enough to bloom. Is it large enough to build up reproductive reserve energy? A good root system is absolutely critical to this. Once these needs are met, a collection of environmental factors, depending on the genus, comes into play. These include: diurnal variation between day and night temperatures, absolute day and night temperatures, seasonal variation in day length, seasonal variation in light levels, and seasonal variations in water availability.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Last month, we discussed these requirements in the genus Phalenopsis, including the need for coolish nights in the large-flowered group of species and hybrids. The genus Cymbidium is another with a substantial collection of species and hybrids whose flowering is tied to seasonal temperature variations.","spans":[{"start":57,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":170,"end":179,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a general rule, the farther north and higher the elevation of the species natural habitat, the more pronounced is the need for cool night temperatures. The hybrids from this group have often been referred to as âCaliforniaâ cymbidiums because so many of them are grown along the California coast. These plants produce large, more or less round flowers on tall inflorescences, and are generally big plants. The species that make up this group are native to the foothills of the Himalayas. They initiate inflorescences with the advent of chillier nights as summer ends and fall begins. These plants generally need nights in the 50s F (around 12.8+/- C), depending on the parentage, as early as mid-August and can be difficult to flower well in areas where nights do not cool off until well into fall or even early winter. Many of them have an additional requirement that the day length must begin to increase before the buds will open. This has made it historically difficult for hybridizers to produce high-quality fall-blooming hybrids, although todayâs early-blooming hybrids now rival the quality of the classic midseason bloomers. The keys to success with this group of cymbidiums are to leave them outside for as long as possible (they will not be harmed with night temperatures even as low as 40F [4.4 C]), bringing them in only once inflorescences have begun to develop and keeping them cool during bud development to avoid blasting of the buds.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cymbidium Darrel Wong âDos Amigosâ AM/AOS (Lambert Day à Karen Hawaiian); exhibitor: Pierre Pujol.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuBe0MqNJQqHlvH_image-why-wont-it-bloom-part3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":458,"height":711},"id":"aGuBe0MqNJQqHlvH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The introduction of species from section Jensoa, often referred to as âAsianâ cymbidiums has allowed the development of much more easily flowered hybrids that substantially lack this need for cool nights. These include Cymbidium sinense and Cymbidium ensifolium and are generally much more warmth-tolerant. They do not need the early fall cool nights to initiate flowering and appear to be more influenced by day length. Cymbidium Golden Elf (ensifolium à Enid Haupt) combines both these groups and has gone on to parent a wide range of hybrids that maintain the warmth tolerance of the Jensoa section with larger, fuller flowers.","spans":[{"start":41,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":219,"end":236,"type":"em"},{"start":241,"end":261,"type":"em"},{"start":421,"end":430,"type":"em"},{"start":443,"end":453,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cymbidium ensifolium âBull Marketâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Ken and Amy Jacobsen.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":14,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuB4kMqNJQqHlvc_image-why-wont-it-bloom-part3-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":223,"height":314},"id":"aGuB4kMqNJQqHlvc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Cymbidium Golden Elf âMachiavelliâ AM/AOS (ensifolium à Enid Haupt); exhibitor: René E. Garcia.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":47,"end":57,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHHUMqNJQqHlzG_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":229,"height":319},"id":"aGuHHUMqNJQqHlzG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Cymbidium Milton Carpenter âEverglades Goldâ JC/AOS (Golden Elf à Via Ambarino); exhibitor: Bayard Saraduke. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHHEMqNJQqHlzF_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":226,"height":318},"id":"aGuHHEMqNJQqHlzF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Cymbidium canaliculatum âPhyllisâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Paul Chim. [Robert Stillman] ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHG0MqNJQqHlzD_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":227,"height":315},"id":"aGuHG0MqNJQqHlzD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Cymbidium madidum âLeroyâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Orchids Limited, International. [Richard Clark] ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHGkMqNJQqHlzC_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":227,"height":314},"id":"aGuHGkMqNJQqHlzC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Cymbidium devonianum âSycamore Creek Beautyâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Bill Robson. [Pinkers] ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHGUMqNJQqHlzB_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":227,"height":314},"id":"aGuHGUMqNJQqHlzB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Cymbidium Jacqueline Hatfield âCandiceâ AM/AOS (David Teuscher à Memoria Amelia Earhart); exhibitor: Hatfield Orchids. [Brandon Tam]","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuHGEMqNJQqHlzA_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-part3-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":228,"height":277},"id":"aGuHGEMqNJQqHlzA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Several hybridizers are now developing hybrid lines using decidedly tropical species such as Cymbidium canaliculatum, Cymbidium madidum (both Australian) and Cymbidium devonianum which also have much more warmth tolerance and less dependence on cool nights to flower. An added bonus is that these hybrids have pendent inflorescences creating stunning hanging specimens. ","spans":[{"start":93,"end":116,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":136,"type":"em"},{"start":158,"end":178,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ron McHatton, AOS Chief Education and Science Officer, Editor (email [email protected])","spans":[{"start":2,"end":89,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aF8ABxEAACIA5H5A","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-july-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-30T16:56:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:00:44+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"58a601ed-6fb4-4de8-a621-695021867d01","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Why Will it Not Bloom, Part 3","MetaDescription":"In the first part of this series (May), we discussed the general provisions that must be met to induce flowering.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aGuX1xIAACMA-nnB","uid":"cattleya-violacea-part-2-color-forms","url":"/orchids/articles/cattleya-violacea-part-2-color-forms","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aGuX1xIAACMA-nnB%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-07-07T13:40:47+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T13:52:25+0000","slugs":["cattleya-violacea-part-2-color-forms"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aF8AInfc4bHWizSq_v094n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aF8AInfc4bHWizSq","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cattleya violacea Part 2: Color Forms","Author":"Juraj KojÅ¡","ArticleDate":"2025-07-01","Summary":"Cattleya violacea is a sympodial epiphyte with a broad geographic distribution in the neotropics.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"CATTLEYA VIOLACEA is a sympodial epiphyte with a broad geographic distribution in the neotropics. Introductory notes to the species and its culture reveal how this mysterious tropical queen has emerged in our collections (KojÅ¡, 2025). This article provides information about type color form (so-called TIPO form) and other color forms, such as f. alba and the color groups (Coerulea), (Carnea), (concolor), (Amesiana) and (Amoena). The (Semialba) and (Semialba Flamea) color groups will be covered in Part 3 of this series. Based on the American Orchid Society and Japan Orchid Growers Association (JOGA) award records, as well as personal communication with growers, collectors and exhibitors, this article traces the color forms and line breeding efforts. Notes on judging are also provided. TIPO (TYPICAL)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":9,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":347,"end":352,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The flower color of the typical form of C. violacea spans a wide variety of pink violaceous hues from pale to dark. The purple to red lip is frequently darker on the edges, and the side lobes enclose the column. The lipâs midlobe features yellow to gold keels. The flower segments can be âpancakeâ flat or with a degree of backward recurving of sepals, petals and lip.","spans":[{"start":40,"end":52,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A geographical variety (so-called Peruvian form) from Peru is said to have smaller cuplike and round, fuller flowers of very light coloration. The flower count is higher than usual, reaching seven or more flowers per inflorescence. (Aulisi and Foldats 1989). This variety, however, can also be found in the State of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Thus, its geographical designation is a bit imprecise (Zaslawski). A large, well-grown C. violacea can produce more than eight flowers per inflorescence in cultivation (Kaufmann 2024).","spans":[{"start":426,"end":428,"type":"em"},{"start":429,"end":438,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first awarded C. violacea (TIPO) was âSplendensâ. The plant received an FCC/RHS in 1883 in London. The flowers were commended for their dark and vibrant color. To this day, we can still see the designation splendens in reference to dark-color varieties with reddish tonality. Another, more contemporary, term frequently used to describe these flowers is the color group (Rubra).","spans":[{"start":18,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] C. violacea âMuseâ FCC/AOS, awarded to Krull-Smith in 1983.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuZtUMqNJQqHmAD_image-cattleya-violacea1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":789,"height":708},"id":"aGuZtUMqNJQqHmAD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] C. violacea âMuseâ BM/JOGA awarded to Takayuki Kasagawa in Japan in 2003. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGucukMqNJQqHmBu_image-cattleya-violacea2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":370,"height":265},"id":"aGucukMqNJQqHmBu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"C. VIOLACEA âMUSEâ FCC/AOS The most celebrated C. violacea (TIPO) is âMuseâ FCC/AOS. According to Frank Smith (Krull-Smith Nursery), the original ancestral plant was jungle collected in Venezuela in the mid-1970s and selfed by Mr. Muse from Muse Orchids in Haines City (Smith 2025). They referred to the plant as âTropic 1â. In 1979, Smith bought two unbloomed seedlings that had broad leaves, thus hinting at a special potential. The seedlings bloomed in the 1980s. Smith brought them to the Platinum Coast Orchid Society Show in Merritt Island, Florida, where one of them received an FCC/AOS (92 points) in 1983 and was named âMuseâ after Mrs. Muse who was a cattleya lover. At the time of judging, the plant featured four flowers with intense rose-purple sepals and petals. The lip had maroon side lobes enclosing the column and a deep red-maroon apical segment and throat with gold area and maroon striations. The flowers were commended for excellent flat shape, heavy substance, matte texture and exceptional arrangement. The flowers were quite large for the species, with a natural spread of 5.1 inches (13 cm). Notice the broader sepals and petals, pointed petals and somewhat recurved lip with a broader distal lobe.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":46,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":59,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Krull-Smith Nursery cloned âMuseâ and sold 15,000 plants in the late 1980s. The plants were sold in 4-inch (10.5 cm) pots at $125 (at the time, a reasonable price, as valuable phalaenopsis stem-props were sold for about $250). Selfings soon became available as well, making âMuseâ FCC/AOS an iconic Cattleya violacea (TIPO) for c
998ollectors and breeders. It also became a line-breeding cornerstone plant for this color form of C. violacea.","spans":[{"start":299,"end":307,"type":"em"},{"start":308,"end":317,"type":"em"},{"start":425,"end":427,"type":"em"},{"start":428,"end":437,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGucu0MqNJQqHmBw_image-cattleya-violacea-taxonomically.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1157,"height":306},"id":"aGucu0MqNJQqHmBw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] C. violacea âMuseâ SM/JOGA awarded to Kouichi Himeshima in Japan in 2006. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGucuUMqNJQqHmBt_image-cattleya-violacea3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":373,"height":269},"id":"aGucuUMqNJQqHmBt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a result, âMuseâ (likely a meristem offspring) was also awarded a Silver Medal by JOGA in 2003. The plant was exhibited by Takayuki Kasagawa with three flowers (Natural Spread: 11.5 Ã12.5 cm), and in 2006, Kouichi Himeshima received an SBM/JOGA on the plant with five larger flowers (NS: 13.3 à 12.0 cm). Later, âMuseâ was also recognized with an AM from the Australian Orchid Council (AOC) in 2012 with three flowers and three buds. Variability of blooms on these awarded plants is interesting.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4â5] C. violacea (Rubra Flamea) âLeaâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGucuEMqNJQqHmBr_image-cattleya-violacea4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":388,"height":496},"id":"aGucuEMqNJQqHmBr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuct0MqNJQqHmBq_image-cattleya-violacea5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":388,"height":491},"id":"aGuct0MqNJQqHmBq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RUBRA FLAMEA FORMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra Flamea) âLeaâ AM/AOS Smith (2025) recollects that âLeaâ came out of the cross made in Japan and grown by the famous orchid breeder Richard Yoshito Takafuji at the Orchid Center in Hawaii. Takafuji named the plant after his wife Lea. âLeaâ was first awarded a trophy from the Taiwan Orchid Growers Association (TOGA) in 2004 on a plant exhibited by Tsiku Huang from Chi Ku Taiwan Orchids.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":45,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Awarded in 2020 to Palmer Orchids at the Venice Area (Florida) Orchid Society Show âLeaâ AM/AOS featured two flat, well presented fuchsia flowers with broadly lanceolate sepals that were veined darker fuchsia at their apices. Oblanceolate petals were heavily veined and suffused with dark fuchsia. The trilobed, deep red-violet lip enclosing the column featured a yellow throat striated red-violet. The substance was firm with a crystalline texture and velvety texture on the lip. The flowers were typical in size for typical TIPO forms awarded since 2020 (12.1 à 12.5 cm). The color designation (Rubra Flamea) refers to the deeper color intensity of the flowers and flaring on the sepals and petals. Flowers with lighter and sparser lines are often referred to as (Rubra Striata). Notice the pronounced striations on the sepals and petals and the flowerâs narrow, tubular lip.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] C. violacea (Rubra Flamea) âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuctkMqNJQqHmBn_image-cattleya-violacea6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":782,"height":574},"id":"aGuctkMqNJQqHmBn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra Flamea) âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS Jean Wilson, an orchid collector par excellence from South Florida, recollects buying three C. violacea (TIPO) seedlings in first bloom from the famous Robert Randall of Carib Orchids (Homestead, Florida) around the year 2000 (Wilson 2025). Mr. Randall told her that the seedlings came from Richard Yoshito Takafuji at the Orchid Center in Hawaii. Keith Davis, who was in touch with Wilson at the time, further recalls that the plant came from the cross âMuseâ FCC/AOS à âLeaâ AM/AOS (Davis 2025).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":54,"type":"strong"},{"start":147,"end":149,"type":"em"},{"start":150,"end":159,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7â8] C. violacea (Rubra Flamea) âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS in other yearâs bloomings.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuctUMqNJQqHmBl_image-cattleya-violacea7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":390,"height":287},"id":"aGuctUMqNJQqHmBl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuctEMqNJQqHmBj_image-cattleya-violacea8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":393,"height":294},"id":"aGuctEMqNJQqHmBj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wilsonâs plants were tricky to grow, and only one survived. She brought the blooming beauty to the Florida-Caribbean Center Monthly Judging in 2004. The awarded âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS featured four large (NS: 13.0 cm à 12.3 cm) vibrant fuchsia flowers on one inflorescence. The petals were heavily flared a more intense fuchsia, and the sepals showed lighter flaring. The brilliant, deeper fuchsia lip featured yellow-gold keels. The flower substance was hard, and the texture was velvety.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"From the award photo, we can observe that the flowers were quite flat. The basal lighter coloration draws the eye to the center of the flower as if light emanated from it.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Notice the flatness and the stunning, concentric flamea pattern. The influence of the âLeaâ AM/AOS parent on the flaring of the segments and recurved, deeply colored lip is undeniable.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Before Wilson moved to North Carolina in 2012, she sold off her collection. The plant began struggling with Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), yet some clean divisions were distributed. This remarkable beauty thus still survives in select collections, as Davis attests.","spans":[{"start":123,"end":141,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As for the progeny, Wilson herself crossed her lauded plant with âMuseâ FCC/AOS, and Ruben Sauleda (Ruben In Orchids in Homestead, Florida) flasked the seed. The flasks were then sold to a variety of vendors (although some mysteriously disappeared as well). Hennington Farms sold some seedlings. I bought a few seedlings in the mid 2010s. They were poor growers, and most of them departed for orchid heaven shortly","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Davis made an interesting cross between a semialba color form, âIcabaruâ AM/AOS, and a Rubra Flamea form (âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS). The aim with this cross was to increase the vigor and disease resistance from âIcabaruâ AM/AOS and induce some of the deep color and flaring from âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS. The seedlings have been good growers and have begun reaching blooming size as of spring 2025. I personally cannot wait to see these! ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] C. violacea âTsiku Taiwanâ SM/TOGA.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGucs0MqNJQqHmBi_image-cattleya-violacea9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":589,"height":645},"id":"aGucs0MqNJQqHmBi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"RUBRA FORMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âTsiku Taiwanâ SM/TOGA Dennis Kao from Ching Hua reports that his father Shui-En Kao made a cross âMuseâ FCC/AOS à âLeaâ AM/AOS in the late 1990s. In 2004, TOGA awarded a Silver Medal to âTsiku Taiwanâ, a cultivar from this cross, exhibited by Tsiku Huang from Chi Ku Taiwan Orchids. The TOGA record mentions that the plant carried five large flowers (14.0 Ã14.0 cm). Although no description is available, we can see from the photo that the flower shape (fuller segments, pointed triangular petals and recurved, somewhat broader lip) very much resembles the âMuseâ FCC/AOS parent. The award photo is too overexposed to identify any potential flaring on the sepals and petals and sepals; however, the photograph from Kao and my own (a meristem sold by Krull-Smith) shows the deep influence of the âMuseâ FCC/AOS parent in color and very light flaring from the âLeaâ AM/AOS parent. The color designation (Rubra) refers to the darker coloration of the segments, a feature inherited from âLeaâ AM/AOS. This plant is surely awaiting an AOS award!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":48,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ching Hua Nursery has made multiple crosses in the TIPO color group, including âTsiku Taiwanâ SM/TOGA à âMuseâ FCC/ AOS, and a recent remake of âLeaâ AM/ AOS à âTsiku Taiwanâ SM/TOGA. The blooming size seedlings became available very recently.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] C. violacea âSue Clausenâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGul1kMqNJQqHmHo_image-cattleya-violacea10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":805,"height":565},"id":"aGul1kMqNJQqHmHo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âSue Clausenâ AM/AOS John Clausen recollects that this plant, labeled as âMuseâ FCC/AOS à self, most likely came as a seedling from Hoosier Orchids in Indianapolis (Clausen). Named after Clausenâs sister-in-law, the plant featured three large, flat flowers (NS: 13.8 Ã12.5 cm) on one inflorescence when awarded in 2007. The flowers of this clone have red-purple sepals and petals and a deep red-purple lip with white central midlobe and yellow keels. The flowers had firm substance and crystalline texture. Notice the pointed petals inherited from the parent and their open form.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":46,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] C. violacea âCanaimaâs Manfredâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGul1kMqNJQqHmHp_image-cattleya-violacea11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":805,"height":577},"id":"aGul1kMqNJQqHmHp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âCanaimaâs Manfredâ AM/AOS This plant came out of a batch of seedlings from the outcross between âMuseâ FCC/AOS and another TIPO clone with large flowers and an easy growing habit (Sinn). Later, Sinn made crosses with âCanaimaâs Manfredâ AM/AOS, some of which bloomed with very high flower quality, like the parent. When awarded in 2011, the plant carried four large, flat, well-formed flowers (NS: 12.9 à 12.5 cm) pleasantly arranged on one inflorescence. The rich violet sepals and petals featured a central white halo. The white lipâs side lobes and midlobe were heavily overlaid with intense violet, and the keels were yellow. The judges present noted very firm substance and crystalline texture. Notice the unmistakable influence of âMuseâ FCC/AOS in shape and coloration.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":52,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Around 2015, Ben Oliveros bought a few seedlings labeled as âMuseâ FCC/AOS à self from a Taiwanese grower (Oliveros). Two of them turned out to be outstanding, and both received AOS Awards of Merit (âDark Starâ AM/AOS and âCoronaâ AM/ AOS). The following section describes both awarded plants. Notice their features and think about how they reflect the parental influence. Is it possible that they are âMuseâ FCC/AOS selfings based on the previously described plants of the same heritage?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] C. violacea âDark Starâ AM/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGul1EMqNJQqHmHm_image-cattleya-violacea12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":808,"height":467},"id":"aGul1EMqNJQqHmHm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âDark Starâ AM/AOS When awarded in 2022, âDark Starâ AM/AOS carried 10 exceptionally dark flat flowers on three inflorescences (NS: 10.0 à 9.7 cm). The oblong, deep magenta sepals and petals had light proximal magenta flares. The spatulate white lip was heavily overlaid with deep magenta, and its side lobes almost enclosed the column. The lip also featured the typical yellow keels, white column and white anther cap. The flower substance was described as very firm, and its texture as crystalline.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":44,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] C. violacea âCoronaâ AM/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGul00MqNJQqHmHl_image-cattleya-violacea13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":812,"height":709},"id":"aGul00MqNJQqHmHl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âCoronaâ AM/AOS This cultivar received an AM in 2020. The plant was exhibited by Ben Oliveros of Orchid Eros. It carried four round, flat, well-formed flowers on one inflorescence. The flat light lavender sepals were thinly veined with dark purple. Slightly undulate lavender petals featured a wide purple picotee along the margins. The white lip had a yellow throat, and its distal lobe was vibrantly purple. The column was described as sparkling white and the anther cap as purple. The flowers had heavy substance and matte texture. The plant was recognized for being a new and exquisite form of the species. The smaller natural spread of 8.3 x 8.1 cm suggests the Peruvian form.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":41,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] The authorâs division of C. violacea âCoronaâ AM/AOS in bloom.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":41,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGul00MqNJQqHmHk_image-cattleya-violacea14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":404,"height":509},"id":"aGul00MqNJQqHmHk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Can we imagine that the narrower lip of âDark Starâ AM/AOS and extensive flaring on the segments of âCoronaâ AM/AOS come from âMuseâ FCC/AOS? These features remind us of âJean Wilsonâ FCC/AOS and perhaps even more so of âLeaâ AM/AOS. Is it possible that the plants got mislabeled and come, instead, from a âTsiku Taiwanâ SM/TOGA cross?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] C. violacea âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS. Photograph by Glen Barfield. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16â17] The authorâs plant in flower. Photographs by the author ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18â19] C. violacea âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS outcross results. Photographs by Alek Zaslawski.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGuoI0MqNJQqHmIm_image-cattleya-violacea15-19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":574,"height":726},"id":"aGuoI0MqNJQqHmIm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS The cultivars with light-colored petals and sepals overlaid with darker purple striations and dark purple lip are sometimes referred to as Aquinii forms (Aulisi). Others refer to it as the Striata color group. According to Zaslawski, C. violacea âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS came from a grower in Brazilâs Rondônia State many years ago and was most likely wild-collected. It is considered to be a very good grower.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":45,"type":"strong"},{"start":280,"end":292,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2021, an AM was granted to a plant exhibited by The OrchidFix Nursery in Hawaii. When awarded, the plant featured six medium-sized (NS: 10.2 à 9.6 cm) flat and stellate lavender flowers finely striated distally. The shorter, slightly recurved lip was white, overlaid with purple, and had a white throat and yellow keels. The side lobes were royal purple, enclosing the column. The flowers had a hard substance and a matte texture. Pleasing in appearance, this plant represents a different strain from the lauded âMuseâ FCC/AOS. Notice the variability of blooming in the pictures included here. My division tends to bloom lighter with very pronounced striations. Notice how the shape and coloration can also vary from blooming to blooming, a very typical aspect of C. violacea. According to Aulisiâs observations, this variety, with its smaller, lighter and fuller flowers reminds us of the Peruvian forms.","spans":[{"start":767,"end":769,"type":"em"},{"start":770,"end":778,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AWZ OrquÃdeas in Brazil used âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS in a very few crosses and typically, only a few seeds germinated. Z-1259 C. violacea (âProfusaâ à âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS) yielded the pleasing âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS shape with fuller segments. The âProfusaâ parent originated from Brazilâs Amazonas State in the early 2000s. Its flowers were wellshaped, and the plant produced as many as 10 flowers per inflorescence. More recent line breeding with âRedondinhaâ AM/AOS includes its selfing and crosses with darkcolored (Semialba Flamea) forms. The plants are in flasks at the time of this articleâs writing.","spans":[{"start":122,"end":124,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":134,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] C. violacea âSarasotaâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusXkMqNJQqHmLm_image-cattleya-violacea23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":514},"id":"aGusXkMqNJQqHmLm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âSarasotaâ AM/AOS Rafael Romero (Plantio la Orquidea) recounts that this plant was collected in the State of Bolivar, Venezuela in the 1970s and was moved to their nursery in Caracas (Romero). It did n
998ot perform very well at the high elevation of Caracas. Once brought to Florida, however, the plant developed to its full potential. It was awarded an AM in 2011. At judging, the plant featured two large flat flowers with fuchsia sepals and petals. The lip was white centrally with a prominent dark fuchsia midlobe and central yellow keels. The side lobes were apically suffused fuchsia. Each flowerâs substance was very firm, and its texture velvety. Notice the pleasing geometrical symmetry of the sizeable flowers that measured 15.0 à 13.9 cm in natural spread. This is the largest flowered C. violacea ever awarded!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":43,"type":"strong"},{"start":820,"end":832,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] C. violacea âWaterfordâ AM/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusYUMqNJQqHmLp_image-cattleya-violacea20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":365,"height":258},"id":"aGusYUMqNJQqHmLp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] âWaterfordâ photographed in natural sunlight","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusYEMqNJQqHmLo_image-cattleya-violacea21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":257},"id":"aGusYEMqNJQqHmLo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âWaterfordâ AM/AOS Bayard Saraduke acquired this plant as a seedling from Miranda Orchids around 2019 (Saraduke). Although its heritage is unknown, the plant obviously comes from other breeding than âMuseâ FCC/AOS. When awarded in 2022, the plant featured three relatively flat flowers (NS: 12.0 à 11.5 cm) on one inflorescence. Elliptical, rich lavender sepals exhibit a narrow white picotee, and the petals are veined dark lavender distally. The lipâs red-purple side lobes, midlobe, and anther cap contrasted with the white column and yellow striations on the central part of the midlobe. The flowers had medium substance and slightly crystalline texture. Notice the beautifully open fan-like lip.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":44,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] C. violacea âChasusâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusX0MqNJQqHmLn_image-cattleya-violacea22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":729,"height":461},"id":"aGusX0MqNJQqHmLn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Rubra) âChasusâ AM/AOS This plant came to Charles Wilson as a seedling from Clown Alley Orchids in May of 2010 (Wilson). When awarded in 2015, the plant featured four very large, flat flowers on one inflorescence (NS: 14.4 à 13.7 cm). The sepals and petals were fuchsia, and the very flat white lip was overlaid dark fuchsia and featured central yellow keels. The flowers had very firm substance and crystalline texture. The reasonably flat lip on this clone is quite striking.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":41,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"F. ALBA FORMS","spans":[{"start":3,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In Brazil, Zaslawski reports that while C. violacea (TIPO) can be found in the Amazonas and Roraima States, the best quality tipos, as well as blue forms, f. alba and Amesiana color groups come from Rondônia State (Zaslawski). Roraima State is rich in excellent Concolor and Semialba Flamea forms. No detailed findings are known from the Brazilian states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Acre, which also host populations of C. violacea.","spans":[{"start":40,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":52,"type":"em"},{"start":158,"end":163,"type":"em"},{"start":417,"end":428,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first alba form is said to have appeared in Brazil in 1890. It was described by Rolfe as flowers with â
998pure whiteâ coloration (Williams). In 1895, the first FCC/RHS was granted to an f. alba cultivar. The next f. alba was described in Venezuela in 1957 (Keller). The flower caused a sensation at an orchid show in Caracas, and its owner, Don Luis Henrique Yanes, wrote an article about its origin in the State of Bolivar (Yanes). The flower was reported as white, although it was also noted that it turned slightly pink over a few days (Dunsterville). Could it possibly be an even more rare Rosada color form?","spans":[{"start":10,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":190,"end":195,"type":"em"},{"start":217,"end":221,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In Brazil, the best f. alba cultivars are said to originate from Rondônia State (Zaslawski). Bela Vista and AWZ nurseries have made several crosses that are now available to growers in the US, Japan and Europe. Some of their progeny have received AOS awards.","spans":[{"start":23,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âCanaimaâs Virgenâ HCC/AOS The very first AOS award to a C. violacea f. alba was given to Canaima Orchids in 2011. It is an outcross of two f. alba parents from the Bela Vista nursery (Sinn). âCanaimaâs Virgenâ HCC/AOS had two well-presented, average-size white flowers (9.2 à 8.9 cm) featuring flat sepals and lightly ruffled petals. The lipâs midlobe was ruffled and showed a central yellow mark. The side lobes folded over the column. The flowersâ substance was firm and their texture highly crystalline.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":52,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":83,"end":95,"type":"em"},{"start":98,"end":102,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A couple of years after âCanaimaâs Virgenâ HCC/AOS, Odomâs Orchids was showered with AOS awards for their C. violacea f. alba plants. Rob Schneider reports that the flasks and some small seedlings of this color form came to them between 2008 and 2010 from Bela Vista. Some of the awards even carry the BV acronym in their names (Schneider), such as C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids BV23â HCC/AOS (two flowers, 2013, NS: 10.0 à 10.0 cm) and C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids BV33â HCC/AOS (three flowers, 2014, NS: 10.5 à 9.7 cm). Both plants exhibited pure white flowers with yellow gold markings in the proximal area of the lipâs midlobe, firm substance and crystalline texture. Notice the undulate petals. This feature has been considered undesirable, and line-breeding programs strive to remove it.","spans":[{"start":106,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":109,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":349,"end":361,"type":"em"},{"start":364,"end":369,"type":"em"},{"start":443,"end":445,"type":"em"},{"start":446,"end":455,"type":"em"},{"start":458,"end":463,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids BV23â HCC/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusXUMqNJQqHmLl_image-cattleya-violacea24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":361,"height":449},"id":"aGusXUMqNJQqHmLl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids BV33â HCC/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusXEMqNJQqHmLk_image-cattleya-violacea25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":451},"id":"aGusXEMqNJQqHmLk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchidsâ AM/CHM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusW0MqNJQqHmLi_image-cattleya-violacea26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":731,"height":519},"id":"aGusW0MqNJQqHmLi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchidsâ AM/CHM/AOS Odomâs Orchids received both an AM and Certificate of Horticultural Merit on C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchidsâ in 2012. Two large, full, white flowers (10.0 x 10.3 cm) were presented on a strong upright inflorescence. The lip showed a canary yellow throat and a white column enclosed by the side lobes. The very firm substance and crystalline texture further defined the flowers.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":53,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":131,"end":133,"type":"em"},{"start":134,"end":143,"type":"em"},{"start":146,"end":150,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids #2â AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusWkMqNJQqHmLh_image-cattleya-violacea27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":371},"id":"aGusWkMqNJQqHmLh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids #2â AM/AOS Odomâs Orchids received an AM in 2013 on C. violacea f. alba âOdomâs Orchids #2â. There were three medium-sized white (9.5 à 9.6 cm) flat and pleasingly round flowers with rounded sepals tipped with green at the apices. The petals were slightly undulate at the upper and lower margins and exhibited a prominent midrib. The narrow lipâs midlobe was ruffled at the margins and yellow over the proximal two-thirds. The side lobes enveloped the white column and anther cap. The flower substance was firm, and their texture was crystalline.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":52,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":94,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":109,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] C. violacea f. alba âIsabel Rosaliaâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusWUMqNJQqHmLg_image-cattleya-violacea28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":256},"id":"aGusWUMqNJQqHmLg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âIsabel Rosaliaâ AM/AOS Exhibited by Oliveros of Orchid Eros in 2017, C. violacea f. alba âIsabel Rosaliaâ carried four dazzling white, basally green, flowers on an upright inflorescence (NS: 10.0 à 10.2 cm). The sepals and petals were slightly reflexed apically, and the petalsâ distal margins were slightly undulate. The lip featured a central bright yellow splash. Its side lobes enclosed the column, and its midlobe margins were undulate and serrate. The flowersâ substance was supple, and their texture crystalline.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":49,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":96,"end":98,"type":"em"},{"start":99,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":111,"end":115,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] C. violacea f. alba âAlves Oliveiraâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusWEMqNJQqHmLf_image-cattleya-violacea29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":256},"id":"aGusWEMqNJQqHmLf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] C. violacea f. alba âAdelaideâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusV0MqNJQqHmLe_image-cattleya-violacea30.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":361,"height":216},"id":"aGusV0MqNJQqHmLe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The plant emerged from the AWZ cross Z-3127 âAlves Oliveiraâ à âAdelaideââboth albino forms. Notice the influence of both parents on the flower shape. The yellow lip spot comes from âAlves Oliveiraâ.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] C. violacea f. alba âOrchid Erosâ AM/ AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusVkMqNJQqHmLd_image-cattleya-violacea31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":272},"id":"aGusVkMqNJQqHmLd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âOrchid Erosâ AM/AOS In 2022, C. violacea f. alba âOrchid Eros,â a plant exhibited by Ben Oliveros of Orchid Eros, received an AM. When awarded, the plant carried five large, flat, white flowers on one upright inflorescence (NS: 13.2 à 11.7 cm). The lanceolate dorsal sepal was distally recurved and intensely green at the apex. The lateral sepals featured dar
998ker venation, and their apices were also intensely green. The broadly ovoid and marginally ruffled petals also included darker venation. The distally ruffled lip had side lobes that enclosed the column. The centrally raised callus on the midlobe was centrally bright yellow. The flowersâ substance was described as supple and their texture as crystalline.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":46,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":56,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] C. violacea f. alba âEverestâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusVEMqNJQqHmLa_image-cattleya-violacea33.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":256},"id":"aGusVEMqNJQqHmLa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33] C. violacea f. alba âLa Peruanaâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusVEMqNJQqHmLa_image-cattleya-violacea33.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":256},"id":"aGusVEMqNJQqHmLa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This plant is a result of another AWZ cross Z-1011 (âEverestâ Ã âLa Peruanaâ). While âEverestâ came from Rondonia State, âLa Peruanaâ, as the name suggests, comes from Peru. Notice the strong flower shape influence of both parents and âLa Peruanaâsâ lip. Both parents influenced the larger yellow area on the lip of âOrchid Erosâ AM/AOS.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[34] C. violacea f. alba âKrullâs Ghostâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusU0MqNJQqHmLY_image-cattleya-violacea34.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":329},"id":"aGusU0MqNJQqHmLY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea f. alba âKrullâs Ghostâ AM/AOS This jungle-collected plant was a gift to Frank Smith from a friend in Venezuela many years ago. It was recently recognized by the AOS, and meristems are available. The results of subsequent breeding are yet to be seen; however, seedlings are said to be in plug trays already (Smith)!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":48,"type":"strong"},{"start":21,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When awarded in 2022 to a plant displayed by Krull-Smith, âKrullâs Ghostâ AM/AOS carried five elegant and nicely arranged white flowers (11.2 Ã 11.0 cm). The elliptical sepals had green tips, and the broadly lanceolate petals had undulate margins. The bifurcate lip featured a dentate, slightly reflexed, and gently ruffled edge. Its midlobe displayed a proximal yellow stripe radiating centrally outwards from the column. The side lobes enclosed the white column and anther cap. This is the highest award given to the alba form to date. Observe that the beauty lies in the eye of the beholder. Some consider undulate petals and lip attractive, and others find it undesirable.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[35] C. violacea f. alba âThe White Swanâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGusUkMqNJQqHmLX_image-cattleya-violacea35.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":361,"height":445},"id":"aGusUkMqNJQqHmLX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Kao from Ching Hua reports breeding with the alba clones âHsinyingâ from Bela Vista, âOCNâ from Stan Nagalaâs OCN Orchids and âWalter Rochaâ. Although images and more information are not available, one cultivar âThe White Swanâis a testament to their superb breeding program. âThe White Swanâ is a result of âOCNâ Ã âWalter Rochaâ. The star-shaped, large, pure-white flat flowers feature a pleasing yellow spot in the throat.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE BLUE COLOR GROUP (COERULEA)","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first known (Coerulea) was identified from the banks of the Capanaparo River in the Venezuelan state of Apure in the 1970s. The cultivar âE. Landerâ was presented at an orchid show in Caracas in 1978 by Edmundo Lander and received a Certificate of Botanical Merit (CBM)/SOEM (Aulisi). From the image, we can observe the darker caerulean sepals and petals and a pronounced deep-purple lip. The flowers appear remarkably full and somewhat smaller, resembling the Peruvian tipo strain. The plant apparently suffered in the cooler, high-elevation conditions of Caracas (similar to the tipo âSarasotaâ AM/AOS) and eventually succumbed to rot (Betancourt).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[36â38] A seedling from the grex, C. violacea (Coerulea) âDona Celinaâ à self, illustrating the variability from blooming to blooming.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6qEMqNJQqHmU6_image-cattleya-violacea36.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":362,"height":297},"id":"aGu6qEMqNJQqHmU6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6p0MqNJQqHmU5_image-cattleya-violacea37.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":361,"height":297},"id":"aGu6p0MqNJQqHmU5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6pkMqNJQqHmU4_image-cattleya-violacea38.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":728,"height":313},"id":"aGu6pkMqNJQqHmU4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[39â40] Another seedling from the selfing of C. violacea (Coerulea) âDona Celinaâ exhibits similar variability from blooming to blooming.","spans":[{"start":45,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":48,"end":57,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6pUMqNJQqHmU3_image-cattleya-violacea39.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":358,"height":293},"id":"aGu6pUMqNJQqHmU3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6pEMqNJQqHmU1_image-cattleya-violacea40.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":362,"height":293},"id":"aGu6pEMqNJQqHmU1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Coerulea) âDona Celinaâ In Brazil, the best ceruleas are known to come from Rondônia state. A great example is C. violacea (Coerulea) âDona Celina,â which was collected by Marco Antonio de Oliveira. The plant was named after Marcoâs grandmother Dona (Da.) Celina (Cesar Fernandez).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":42,"type":"strong"},{"start":9,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":132,"type":"em"},{"start":133,"end":142,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The original plant and its divisions (one sold to Fernandez) died, as the plant was a difficult grower. De Oliveira, however, managed to self it first. The flasks became available in Brazil in the mid-2010s; however, the seedlings have been very difficult to grow, and most are said to have died (Zaslawski). Those that have survived are extremely rare and have been blooming since the early 2020s with outstanding flowers. The flowers are full, flat and round, though somewhat smaller in size (NS: 8-9 cm). The sepals and petals are bluish lavender, and the lip is typically short, dark caerulean-purple and reasonably flat. The lipâs side lobes, enclosing the column, are dark purple. The midlobe features the typical yellow keels. Notice how the blooms vary from year to year, a typical feature for all c
998olor forms of C. violacea.","spans":[{"start":821,"end":823,"type":"em"},{"start":824,"end":832,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[41] C. violacea (Coerulea) âBela Vistaâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":7,"type":"em"},{"start":8,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6o0MqNJQqHmU0_image-cattleya-violacea41.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":726,"height":534},"id":"aGu6o0MqNJQqHmU0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea (Coerulea) âBela Vistaâ and its selfings Cattleya violacea (Coerulea) plants that have been used in breeding programs in Japan and Taiwan are said to originate from Bela Vista nursery in Brazil as a selfing of their âBela Vistaâ cultivar. The selfings of this plant were sold for high prices at shows in the US and Japan in the mid-2000s. The star-shaped flowers feature flat, bluish lavender segments and a deep caerulean lip, which is slightly recurved. Antonio Schmidt shared a photo of a printed photograph with me, as the digital originals got lost in a computer transfer (Schmidt). Therefore, excuse the overexposure.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":41,"type":"strong"},{"start":59,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":77,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Kao (Ching Hua) reports acquiring three (Coerulea) âBela Vistaâ selfed seedlings at one of the shows in Florida and others in Japan. After they bloomed, his father, Mr. Shui-En Kao, named two of these seedlings âK.S.#1â and âK.S. #2â and crossed them in the early 2010s. This cross became the cornerstone of their (Coerulea) breeding program. They began offering bloomingsize seedlings at lower prices in the mid2010s. As of 2025, Ching Hua has been selling blooming size plants from the F2 generation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Similarly, Heishan Wilson (Wilson Orchids) has bred and sold seedlings from Japan, likely from the same âBela Vistaâ selfing batch. He too has been offering F2 seedlings. While we can speculate further about the origin of these plants, the following awards from both Japan and the US show a remarkable similarity in shape and coloration, resembling the âBela Vistaâ parent. Let us look at some of them in chronological order.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[42] C. violacea (Coerulea) âYukakoâ BM/ JOGA. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6oUMqNJQqHmUy_image-cattleya-violacea42.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":342,"height":230},"id":"aGu6oUMqNJQqHmUy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Takao Suzukiâs plant C. violacea (Coerulea) âYukakoâ was awarded a Bronze Medal by JOGA in 2011. The parentage of âYukakoâ BM/JOGA is described as âBela Vistaâ x self in the JOGA database. The plant carried three large flowers (NS: 11.3 Ã 10.3 cm). Notice the flowerâs star shape, the upright dorsal sepal, lanceolate shape of all sepals, ovate and twisted backwards petals and fan-shaped lip with central bifurcation. Note that twisting could be a cultural effect. The consistent caerulean color on the sepals and petals is complemented by a deep purple lip enclosing the column with central yellow keels overlaying the cream central lobe.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[43] C. violacea (Coerulea) âIkepiâ BM/JOGA. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6oEMqNJQqHmUx_image-cattleya-violacea43.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":343,"height":228},"id":"aGu6oEMqNJQqHmUx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Six years passed before another C. violacea (Coerulea) w
998as awarded in Japan. Exhibited by Sakurai Hajime, the cultivar âIkepiâ received a BM/JOGA in 2017 with three large flat flowers (NS: 12.8 à 12.3 cm). The parentage is unknown. Notice the similarities and differences with âYukakoâ BM/JOGA. The overall starry flower shape and light lavender coloration on the sepals and petals are shared. âIkepiâ BM/JOGA shows, however, much flatter petals. Notice the slight curving inwards on the lateral sepals. While also fan-shaped and centrally bifurcated, the lipâs terminal lobe is more compact and angular. Its side lobes are more saturated.","spans":[{"start":31,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[44] C. violacea (Coerulea) âAyano Suzukiâ SM/JOGA. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6n0MqNJQqHmUw_image-cattleya-violacea44.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":345,"height":231},"id":"aGu6n0MqNJQqHmUw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Broadening and somewhat upward facing of the petals (toward the dorsal sepal) as well as the elongation of the lipâs midlobe can be seen in the progeny of (âK. S. #1â à âK.S. #2â) (both âBela Vistaâ à self). The JOGA records cite such parentage for the cultivar âAyano Suzukiâ SM/JOGA (six flowers, 2020, NS: 12.3 à 11.2 cm) awarded to Takanori Suzuki in Japan.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[45] C. violacea (Coerulea) âCarolaâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6nkMqNJQqHmUv_image-cattleya-violacea45.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":363,"height":307},"id":"aGu6nkMqNJQqHmUv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Armando Betancourt from Miami, FL, acquired three âBela Vistaâ à self-seedlings from the nursery in the early 2010s at a high price. Schmidt was, after all, the only vendor offering such rare beauties (Betancourt). Out of the three plants, the cultivar âCarolaâ received an AM/AOS with two flowers in 2018 (NS: 12.0 à 11.4 cm).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[46] C. violacea (Coerulea) âBlue Brideâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6nUMqNJQqHmUu_image-cattleya-violacea46.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":253},"id":"aGu6nUMqNJQqHmUu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[47] C. violacea (Coerulea) âDr. Rachel Joy Weissâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6nUMqNJQqHmUt_image-cattleya-violacea47.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":362,"height":233},"id":"aGu6nUMqNJQqHmUt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Additionally, two plants originating from Wilson Orchids (and likely âBela Vistaâ à self) were awarded in Florida shortly after: âBlue Brideâ AM/AOS (two flowers, 2021, NS: 12.3 à 11.0 cm) awarded to Tony Millet and âDr. Rachel Joy Weissâ AM/AOS (three flowers, 2022, NS: 11.1 à 11.0 cm) awarded to the author.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[48] C. violacea (Coerulea) âPopa Chubbyâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6m0MqNJQqHmUs_image-cattleya-violacea48.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":363,"height":215},"id":"aGu6m0MqNJQqHmUs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[49]âC. violacea (Coerulea) âGabriel Amaruâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGu6m0MqNJQqHmUr_image-cattleya-violacea49.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":365,"height":302},"id":"aGu6m0MqNJQqHmUr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oliveros from Orchid Eros in Hawaii also reports purchasing seedlings of C. violacea (Coerulea) from a Taiwanese grower in the mid-2010s. Two of his cultivars have received AOS awards: The cultivar âPopa Chubbyâ received an AM/ AOS in 2020. Five stellate flowers (NS: 11.5 à 11.0 cm) featured lanceolate lavenderblue sepals and petals and a pristine white trilobed lip with a burnt darkest lavenderblue midlobe and a faint yellow central stripe in the throat. In 2023, C. violacea (Coerulea) âGabriel Amaruâ received an AM with six fantastic medium-sized stellate flowers (NS: 10.2 à 9.4 cm) on one inflorescence. Both of his awarded cultivars display less pointed petals, a shorter lip and deeper purple coloration on the side lobes enclosing the column. Could these features be caused by climate and culture? The flower shape is undeniably like those from the âBela Vistaâ line.","spans":[{"start":72,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":76,"end":85,"type":"em"},{"start":469,"end":471,"type":"em"},{"start":472,"end":481,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CARNEA COLOR GROUP","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This color form is still extremely rare. The sepals and petals are either pure white or off white with a coral pink coloration on the lip. Very early C. violacea (Carnea) AOS awards include the cultivars âBoa Vistaâ HCC/AOS (2012, Marcio Silveira, exhibitor, Associação Orquidófila de São Paulo â AOSP, Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Japonesa judging) and âJohn Odomâ HCC/AOS (2013, Odomâs Orchids, exhibitor, Vero Beach Orchid Society Show Riverside Park judging). The origin of these plants is unknown.","spans":[{"start":150,"end":152,"type":"em"},{"start":153,"end":162,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[50] C. violacea (Carnea) âRio Negroâ ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvInEMqNJQqHmk8_image-cattleya-violacea50.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":262},"id":"aGvInEMqNJQqHmk8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[51] C. violacea (Carnea) âAWZâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIm0MqNJQqHmk7_image-cattleya-violacea51.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":258},"id":"aGvIm0MqNJQqHmk7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AWZ reports that they had two plants from Rondônia state and one from Amazonas state. The nursery made two generations of crosses using (Carnea) color group parents (before one of the plants departed for orchid heaven), resulting in 100% (Carnea) progeny. Interestingly, F1 generation plants were better growers than the F2 seedlings. Pictured here are the parents of the Z-1091 cross âRio Negroâ à âAWZâ). Notice the open stellate shape and beautifully colored, reasonably flat lip.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The seedlings were sold at orchid shows in the US, and some have already received recognition from the AOS. Oliveros (Orchid Eros) received three awards on plants from this cross. As expected, they all share certain features: the stellate shape of the flowers with the lanceolate pale pearl and basally green sepals (âa sign of pure speciesnessâ as Dr. Motes once told me), obovate petals with soft pale pearl pink lines and a spatulate white lip with dark coral pink coloration on the distal third. The lips were striped centrally yellow, and their side lobes were blushed dark coral pink. The flowers shared firm substance and diamond dust texture.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[52] C. violacea (Carnea) âIsabel Rosaliaâ CHM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvImkMqNJQqHmk6_image-cattleya-violacea52.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":728,"height":465},"id":"aGvImkMqNJQqHmk6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Firstly, C. violacea (Carnea) âIsabel Rosaliaâ was recognized in 2021 with a CHM/AOS with four large stellate flowers (NS: 12.5 à 11.0 cm). Notice the influence of the âAWZâ parent on the flower shape.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":11,"type":"em"},{"start":12,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[53] C. violacea (Carnea) âSebastian Ferrellâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvImUMqNJQqHmk5_image-cattleya-violacea53.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":733,"height":487},"id":"aGvImUMqNJQqHmk5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[54] C. violacea (Carnea) âGabriel Amaruâ AM/AOS [Barfield]","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvImEMqNJQqHmk3_image-cattleya-violacea54.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":732,"height":542},"id":"aGvImEMqNJQqHmk3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The recurved lip appears to have taken on the shape of the âRio Negroâ parent. Then, C. violacea (Carnea) âSebastian Ferrellâ AM/AOS with two large flat flowers (NS: 11.9 à 11.8 cm) was awarded in August 2022. Notice the influence of the âRio Negroâ parent on the lipâs shape, and the broadened segments and more intense coloration from the âAWZâ cultivar. At the same judging, C. violacea (Carnea) âGabriel Amaruâ was awarded an AM/AOS with four large stellate flowers (NS: 12.5 à 11.0 cm). Notice the prominent influence of the âAWZâ parent on the flower shape and color. Both âSebastipan Ferrellâ AM/AOS and âGabriel Amaruâ AM/AOS show the more desirable flat lip. The pink coloration on all these cultivars appears more intense than that of both parents. This can be a result of genetics, culture or both.","spans":[{"start":85,"end":87,"type":"em"},{"start":88,"end":97,"type":"em"},{"start":378,"end":390,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AMESIANA COLOR GROUP","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The flower coloration of the Amesiana color group can be described as a very light lavender or pink overlay on both sepals and petals. The lip is typically darker lavender or pink, and the midlobe is likely to feature the âVâ shape of the darkest shade of the color overlay, referred to as âgravatinhaâ (a bow tie) and also as Anelata in Brazil. Such a âVâ marking of darker coloration can also be found on flowers in the Concolor color group. Members of the Amesiana color group are very delicate beauties, indeed.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[55] C. violacea (Amesiana) âCoronetâ GM/ JOGA. Photograph courtesy of JOGA.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIlkMqNJQqHmk2_image-cattleya-violacea55.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":362,"height":329},"id":"aGvIlkMqNJQqHmk2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Perhaps the most famous Amesiana is the cultivar âCoronetâ GM/JOGA awarded a Golden Medal in Japan in 2013 to Kouji Degawa. The JOGA records refer to the color as âsuavissima.â Eight large flowers were presented on two inflorescences (NS: 11.6 à 11.8 cm). From the award photo, we can observe the light pink coloration on the sepals and petals. The petals appear to be edged darker pink distally. The spatulate and slightly recurved lip features the characteristic V-shape which is darker pink.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[56] C. violacea (Amesiana) âUrupáâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIlUMqNJQqHmk1_image-cattleya-violacea56.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":365,"height":272},"id":"aGvIlUMqNJQqHmk1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"According to AWZ, the amesianas with best form come from Rondônia state in Brazil. Perhaps the most famous one is the cultivar âUrupáâ. Progeny of this plant (both selfings and outcrosses) are available now and, unlike the carneas, easier to grow.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[57] C. violacea (Amesiana) âà uma Princesaâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIlUMqNJQqHmk0_image-cattleya-violacea57.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":347,"height":318},"id":"aGvIlUMqNJQqHmk0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AMOENA-DELICATA COLOR GROUP","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This rare color variant has an extremely pale pink or lavender flower with a very light pink or lavender lip, which is a
998pically darker pink (similar to the amesiana form). In some literature, the term delicata has been used to describe such flowers (Aulisi).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first C. violacea (Delicata) âCharlotte Steinerâ was awarded an AM in Venezuela to Dr. Icilio Crisci in 1985. The flat and somewhat full flowers featured pale pink sepals and petals. The lipâs apical edge was darker pink.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":13,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ROSADA COLOR GROUP","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Other color groups include C. violacea (Rosada), which feature white flowers overlaid pink, rose or light purple, particularly strongly in the centers of the petals and sepals. The lip tends to be much darker purple. The flowers tend to have a strong crystalline texture.","spans":[{"start":27,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[58] C. violacea (Rosada) âFloraliaâs Roseâ AM/AOS","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIlEMqNJQqHmkz_image-cattleya-violacea58.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":364,"height":385},"id":"aGvIlEMqNJQqHmkz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âFloraliaâs Roseâ AM/AOS might be an example of this color group. This award was given to a plant exhibited by Floralia Orquidario Reunidos in 1997. The plantâs origin is unknown (Chaplin). Four flowers of âgreat beauty and delicacyâ featured white sepals suffused heavily with lavenderpink. The petals were lavender-pink and suffused with deeper pink, with a slight purplish-pink venation. The white lip had light pink-suffused side lobes, and a dark pink midlobe with purplish pink picotee and yellow and dark purple striations in the throat.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CONCOLOR COLOR GROUP","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[59] C. violacea (Concolor) âDa. Onildesâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIk0MqNJQqHmky_image-cattleya-violacea59.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":726,"height":603},"id":"aGvIk0MqNJQqHmky","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[60] C. violacea (Concolor) âMacuxiâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvIkkMqNJQqHmkx_image-cattleya-violacea60.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":727,"height":663},"id":"aGvIkkMqNJQqHmkx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The flowers of C. violacea (Concolor) have consistent darker lavender or lighter purple coloration on all segments. Like the amesiana color group, the typical feature for this color group is a dark purple âVâ âgravatinha (anelata)â marking on the lip. Cattleya violacea (Concolor Striata) shows darker lines on the petals and sometimes also on the sepals. Alek Zaslawski reports that their concolor forms came from the Amazonas state and Roraima state. Through a treasure hunt, they acquired an excellent concolor plant in Roraima from a small collector after whom it was named âDa. Onildesâ. The progeny of the cross âDa. Onildesâ Ã self (Z2700) has bloomed concolor. A darker concolor strain includes C. violacea (Concolor) âMacuxiâ with pronounced dark lavender segments. Notice the special âgravatinhaâ or âanelataâ features on this C. violacea (Concolor).","spans":[{"start":252,"end":269,"type":"em"},{"start":703,"end":715,"type":"em"},{"start":837,"end":849,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Table 1. Cattleya violacea AOS awards compiled from OrchidPro on March 5, 2025.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvLokMqNJQqHmnr_image-cattleya-violaceatbl1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":351,"height":428},"id":"aGvLokMqNJQqHmnr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"JUDGING CATTLEYA VIOLACEA","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Considering all these color groups (and the semialba covered in a separate article), it is not surprising that these beauties have captured the attention of growers and judges alike. The standards in flower quality have risen dramatically over the past 30 years through line breeding programs, and awardable plants are now expected to have large flowers with broader and flatter segments. The question of beauty remains in the eye of the beholder, however. In the judging process, it is always important to remember the natural dispositions of the species and recognize the individual personality of the plant on the table.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea flowers are judged using the AOS general scale in
998which the points are almost symmetrically distributed to the form (30 points), color (30 points) and other characteristics, such as size, substance and texture, arrangement and floriferousness (40 points). Table 1 summarizes the AOS awards for all color forms of C. violacea. Notice the increased number of awards in the last 15 years, showing the interest in and cultural success with this species. It can also be observed that the average flower count per inflorescence and average natural spread have been inching upward. This does not mean, however, that smaller flowers should not be awarded! Size, after all, constitutes only 10 points on the scale.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":331,"end":333,"type":"em"},{"start":334,"end":342,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As summarized in Table 2, 104 AOS awards given to the species (March 2025) are distributed somewhat equally to tipo and semialba forms with a smaller number of awards to other, rarer color forms. Notice the dominance of AM awards for tipos and semialbas. As with other species, we need to be aware of the fact that the color forms are natural mutations and, as such, their flowers may be smaller. (Even within the tipo group, understand that plants from the Peruvian strain can be smaller, even if likely rounder.) Therefore, the color forms need to be judged on their individual merit and not on how they compare to the tipo cultivars. Such bias can be observed in the alba awards with almost equal distribution of HCC and AM awards.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Improvements in the flower shape in all color forms should be rewarded. Particularly, general flower flatness, an increased petal width (for a rounder flower), a flatter lip and heavier substance (especially in the polyploid cultivars) will indicate advancements in the flower quality, overcoming the much-debated lateral awards","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The average flower count is higher for awarded color forms (except alba) than tipos! Note that the averages are calculated for the available data only. Awards from the 1960s do not list flower count or natural spread.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Table 2. C. violacea AOS awards parsed to the individual color forms. Compiled from OrchidPro on March 5, 2025.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":11,"type":"em"},{"start":12,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aGvL6EMqNJQqHmoC_image-cattleya-violaceatbl2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1082,"height":222},"id":"aGvL6EMqNJQqHmoC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lastly, I have heard judging conversations in which awards have been prevented because âthere were already too many previously awarded.â Firstly, the passing of time is important to remember here. Earlier awards reflect standards that we may longer ascribe to and should be understood as such. More importantly, however, there is no such thing as a limit on beauty. If the plant on the judging table exceeds the current standard, it should be recognized regardless of the number of awards previously given to the same species or hybrid. After all, OrchidPro was created to capture the ever-expanding collective memories of beauty.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CONCLUSION","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea is a rare fragrant tropical beauty with a large range of color expressions. In recent years, various line breeding programs have led to significant improvements in flower quality, increased plant availability, and, as a result, price decrease. The AOS OrchidPro statistics show the continuously growing interest in bringing the species to the judging tables. Cattleya violacea, indeed, deserves a prominent status in the genus Cattleya.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":377,"end":394,"type":"em"},{"start":445,"end":453,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My hope is that growers and orchid enthusiasts will be encouraged to include C. violacea in their collections. Provide the plants with bright, warm growing conditions and plenty of water, and you will be on your way to successful culture. Make sure to read the previously published article on the specifics of the speciesâ culture and see the upcoming paper dedicated to the semialba flamea color group!","spans":[{"start":77,"end":79,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":89,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This article would not be possible without the extensive consultations and help of Alek Zaslawski from AWZ Orchids. Many thanks to Alek Zaslawski, Ron Kaufmann, Leslie Ee and Ben Oliveros for further invaluable insights and comments on the manuscript.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aulisi, C. and E. Foldats. 1989. Monography of Venezuelan Cattleyas and Its Varieties. Caracas, Venezuela: Editorial Torino. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":125,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dunsterville, G.C.K. and E Dunsterville. 1975. Cattleya violacea in Venezuela. Orchid Digest, 39. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keller, C. Cattleya violacea âMuseâ. Retrieved on November 30, 2024 from http://orquideas-katia.org/ESP/SALAS/CONFERENCIAS/VIOLACEA.html. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":138,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"KojÅ¡, J. 2025. Cattleya violacea. The Tropical Queen. An Introduction to the species and its culture. Orchids, 94(2):122â129. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":126,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Williams, B.S. 1894. The Orchid Growerâs Manual, Ed. 7, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, UK. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":117,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Yanes. L.H. 1957. Repico por nuestra Cattleya (âI ring the bell for our Cattleyaâ). Bulletin of the Orchideology Committee, 2.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":126,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Personal communications:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Julien Baruch and Frank Smith (Krull-Smith). January 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":59,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Armando Betancourt. March 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Stephen L. Champlin (Floralia). January 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"John Clausen. December 2024. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keith Davis. January 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ron Kaufmann. March 2024. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ben Oliveros (Orchid Eros). January 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":42,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rafael Romero (Plantio la Orquidea). January 2025. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bayard Saraduke. December 2024. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Antonio Schmidt (Bela Vista). December 2024. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rob Schneider (Odomâs Orchids). December 2024. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Michael Sinn (Canaima Orchids). January 2025 ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Charles Wilson. December 2024.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Dr. Juraj KojÅ¡ is an Associate Professor at the University of Miamiâs Frost School of Music, where he combines his passion for music and orchids in innovative ways. He is the creator of the Orchid DNA Music project and the founder of the Foundation for Emerging Technologies and Arts, Inc. (FETA), which promotes experimental and interdisciplinary art forms. Dr. KojÅ¡âs works have been commissioned by prestigious organizations such as The Knight Foundation, The Quiet Mu
998sic Ensemble, Miami Light Project, Meet the Composer, Harvestworks, Miami Theater Center, Miami Live Arts, Deering Estate, and Vizcaya Museum \u0026 Gardens. In addition to his musical achievements, Dr. KojÅ¡ is an accredited American Orchid Society judge. He is the past president of the Coalition for Orchid Species and a member of the Miami Beach Orchid Society. He chaired the inaugural 2024 Orchids \u0026 Arts Festival at the Miami Beach Botanical Garden. He has received over 60 awards from the AOS to date. His multifaceted career reflects a unique blend of scientific rigor, artistic creativity, and a deep love for orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":1120,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aF8ABxEAACIA5H5A","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-july-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-30T16:56:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:00:44+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"0a559f79-7765-44b8-a851-b594a1d23fe8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Cattleya violacea","MetaDescription":"Cattleya violacea is a sympodial epiphyte with a broad geographic distribution in the neotropics.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aD8TahEAACAAu06y","uid":"chikanda-orchids-conservation-in-the-highlands-of-southern-tanzania","url":"/orchids/articles/chikanda-orchids-conservation-in-the-highlands-of-southern-tanzania","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aD8TahEAACAAu06y%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T20:11:59+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:09:20+0000","slugs":["chikanda-orchids.-conservation-in-the-highlands-of-southern-tanzania"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Chikanda Orchids. Conservation in the Highlands of Southern Tanzania","Author":"Peter J. Zale","ArticleDate":"2025-06-02","Summary":"The ancient montane grasslands of tropical southern Tanzania are home to at least 100 species of terrestrial orchids, all uniquely beautiful and of urgent conservation concern. A unique threat to these orchids is the harvest and use of their tubers to make chikanda, a traditional food originating in northern Zambia that is sometimes described as âvegetable sausage.â","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE ANCIENT MONTANE grasslands of tropical southern Tanzania are home to at least 100 species of terrestrial orchids, all uniquely beautiful and of urgent conservation concern. A unique threat to these orchids is the harvest and use of their tubers to make chikanda, a traditional food originating in northern Zambia that is sometimes described as âvegetable sausage.â In addition to orchid tubers, chikanda is made from ground peanuts and chiles formed into a cake-like final product. It is said to have the texture of bologna and is served by the slice (Gattus 2019). What was initially a rural delicacy of people in remote highland regions of Zambia is now popular throughout the country, resulting in increased collection pressure on the orchids, especially because all the tubers are wild harvested (Veldman et al. 2018). Populations of terrestrial orchids in Zambia are declining considerably, forcing collectors to move into more disparate collection locations, including the orchid-rich highlands of neighboring southern Tanzania. Although the impact of trade on the wild-collected species used for chikanda is the focus of many studies, ex situ conservation measures for these species are largely absent from the literature. The Tanzanian government is interested in growing chikanda species to be used sustainably and alleviate the collection pressure on wild orchids.","spans":[{"start":257,"end":265,"type":"em"},{"start":399,"end":407,"type":"em"},{"start":1107,"end":1115,"type":"em"},{"start":1284,"end":1292,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] The typical form of Satyrium monadenum on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":24,"end":42,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Ljbh8WN-LVif2_image-chikanda-orchid-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1020,"height":1400},"id":"aD8Ljbh8WN-LVif2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With Tanzanian partners, in January and February 2023, I embarked on an expedition to document the diversity and conservation needs of terrestrial orchids in Tanzania, with the hope that the orchid conservation program at Longwood Gardens could expand to benefit ex situ conservation of chikanda orchids. For the last decade, the Conservation Horticulture and Collections team at Longwood Gardens has developed a conservation program focused on U.S. native terrestrial orchids. While focusing on ex situ and in situ conservation techniques, this work includes field surveys, development of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and a seed bank, laboratory-based seed germination ecology studies, in situ restoration, and ex situ living collections development. The role of horticulture in conservation is central to our endeavors. We have been able to propagate many U.S. native orchids, and the laboratory propagation techniques we developed for them may have utility n propagating orchids. With our facilities, expertise, and methodology, we sought to understand how we might be able to contribute to global orchid conservation efforts. Chikanda orchids are the perfect place to start.","spans":[{"start":287,"end":295,"type":"em"},{"start":1133,"end":1141,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] A pink form of S. monadenum from Mt. Mtwori.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LjLh8WN-LVifz_image-chikanda-orchid-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1000,"height":1230},"id":"aD8LjLh8WN-LVifz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the summer of 2022, we made plans for an initial 24-day safari to explore the highland orchid habitats of southern Tanzania to assess and evaluate the current situation. Robert Sikawa and Barry Yinger from the Tanzania Sansevieria Foundation served as guides and logistics experts because of their extensive field work throughout Tanzania in search of Sansevieria. Dr. Neduvoto Mollel from the Tanzania National Herbarium (NHT, Tanzania Plant Health and Pesticides Authority [TPHPA]) also joined us to assist with scouting and to collect specimens for the herbarium. While vouchering orchid populations, one of our goals was to mark exceptional populations of orchids for future seed collection. To accomplish this, we worked with several Tanzania National Park and Forest Service Rangers that served as expert guides to all parts of the reserves we explored.","spans":[{"start":222,"end":233,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Disa robusta on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lirh8WN-LVify_image-chikanda-orchid-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":868},"id":"aD8Lirh8WN-LVify","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Habenaria macrura on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Libh8WN-LVifw_image-chikanda-orchid-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":906},"id":"aD8Libh8WN-LVifw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE KITULO PLATEAUââBUSTANI YA MUNGU,â THE GARDEN OF GOD Kitulo National Park, which encompasses the majority of the Kitulo Plateau, is the only national park in Tanzania designated for plants, specifically orchids. In Swahili, it is known as âBustani ya Mungu,â the âGarden of God,â because of its expansive grasslands, rich in a staggering number of primarily herbaceous plant species. To give an idea of the diversity here, within the 155-square-mile (401.5 sq km) Kitulo Plateau and the surrounding highlands, at least 400 species of plants have been documented. To put that in perspective, there are only about 1,400 species of plants in all of 46,000 square miles (119,140 sq km) of Pennsylvania! Some of the characteristic plants of the Kitulo Plateau include Kniphofia grantii, Clematis uhehensis, Impatiens rosulata, several Helichrysum species, and dozens of terrestrial orchid taxa (Cribb and Leedal 1982).","spans":[{"start":767,"end":784,"type":"em"},{"start":786,"end":804,"type":"em"},{"start":806,"end":824,"type":"em"},{"start":834,"end":845,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] A bright red form of Eulophia odontoglossa","spans":[{"start":25,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LiLh8WN-LVifv_image-chikanda-orchid-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":910},"id":"aD8LiLh8WN-LVifv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Just before entering the park, we started finding orchids. The first species we encountered is also one of the rarest, Satyrium monadenum Schltr. This brilliant, red-flowered species is endemic to the southern highlands of Tanzania and adjacent Zambia and is considered a rare species (IUCN data deficient, population decreasing). Just seeing one or tw
998o of these orchids would be considered a coup, but it turned out to be one of the most abundant orchids in the region! We found them growing, literally, by the tens of thousands throughout the park and adjacent highland regions. Our observations indicate that it is a species that thrives on disturbance, especially by fires. It was frequently encountered in recently burned areas. The colonies grow so densely that it is impossible to walk through them without damaging the plants. In addition to the typical, red-flowered form, we discovered previously undocumented color morphs of the species, including the fleshy-peach colored form, and a white-flowered form. Although it grew on the nearby peaks of Mt. Mtwori and Mbeya and scattered in other places, we did not find another site with population numbers as abundant as on the Kitulo. The Kitulo Plateau is likely the last stronghold of this narrowly endemic species.","spans":[{"start":119,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] A velvet red form of Eulophia odontoglossa.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lh7h8WN-LVift_image-chikanda-orchid-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":896},"id":"aD8Lh7h8WN-LVift","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Disa robusta N.E.Br. is a large, showy, orange-flowered species with fleshy, nonresupinate flowers in various shades of orange, an iconic species of the Kitulo, and one of the most coveted orchids for Chikanda. This species is unknown outside of sub-Saharan Africa, and its large tubers make it one of the main targets of orchid poachers. Although it never occurred in dense colonies like S. monadenum, it could be found throughout the park. Not a day went by where we did not see it punctuating the roadsides and distant grasslands. Other orchids that turned out to be widespread in the park included the showy and fragrant (at night) Habenaria macrura Kraenzl., and the small flowered Orthochilus odontoglossa (Rchb. f.)Bytebier(syn. Eulophia shupangae (Rchb. f) Kraenzl.), with flowers of either bright yellow, brick red, or âblack velvetâ growing in a variety of habitats, but especially abundant on upland areas that become parched during the dry season. The different color forms of this species were often found in separate populations, but the âbrick redâ color form was suggestive of hybridization between the yellow and âblack velvetâ color forms. Also abundant on the plateau was the small pink-to-white flowered Satyrium neglectum Schltr. This widespread species is more commonly associated with the South African orchid flora, existing at the edge of its range in the highlands of tropical east Africa, and a direct link to the rich South African flora.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":201,"end":209,"type":"em"},{"start":390,"end":402,"type":"em"},{"start":637,"end":654,"type":"em"},{"start":688,"end":712,"type":"em"},{"start":737,"end":755,"type":"em"},{"start":1225,"end":1243,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] A rare yellow form of Eulophia odontoglossa.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lhrh8WN-LVifs_image-chikanda-orchid-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":968},"id":"aD8Lhrh8WN-LVifs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Numerous wetlands and seepage bogs can be found lacing through the Kitulo and are rich orchid habitats. Growing in particularly wet flushes in many places along the main road through the park was the impressively large Satyrium crassicaule Rendle. The nearly 4.9-foot (1.5 m)-tall fluorescent pink spikes were often found lining stream courses, and it was not uncommon to see them growing in standing water. The species was often found growing on low sphagnum hummocks and formed large clumps of flowering stems. A main distinguishing characteristic separating this species from most of the other species Satyrium in the area is the emergence of the flower stalk from within the leaf rosette, as opposed to on a separate stalk from the leaves, which is typical of Satyrium species that inhabit drier ecotones on the Kitulo.","spans":[{"start":219,"end":239,"type":"em"},{"start":605,"end":613,"type":"em"},{"start":764,"end":772,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Satyrium neglectum on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lhbh8WN-LVifq_image-chikanda-orchid-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":1118},"id":"aD8Lhbh8WN-LVifq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It was not until we started to explore the numerous seepage wetlands of the park that we began to witness the staggering orchid diversity. From a distance, these areas look like nothing but luxuriant stands of green grass. Upon entering them, it becomes clear that they are the preferred habitat of many different orchids. In a place known as Mwakipembo Swamp, we found at least 18 species of orchids groing, with most of them in flower. The list includes Cynorkis anacamptoides, Disa erubescens ssp. erubescens, D. erubescens ssp. carsonii, D. erubescens ssp. erubescens à D. erubescens ssp. carsonii, D. hircicornis, D. elongatum, D. robusta, Habenaria attentuata, H. macrura, Holothrix nyasae, Satyrium crassicaule, S. lonicauda, S. monadenum, S. neglectum, S. princeae, S. robustum and S. sceptrum. This is in addition to a variety of other yet-to-flower orchid species that would peak later in the season.","spans":[{"start":456,"end":478,"type":"em"},{"start":480,"end":495,"type":"em"},{"start":501,"end":511,"type":"em"},{"start":513,"end":526,"type":"em"},{"start":532,"end":555,"type":"em"},{"start":561,"end":571,"type":"em"},{"start":574,"end":587,"type":"em"},{"start":593,"end":601,"type":"em"},{"start":603,"end":617,"type":"em"},{"start":619,"end":631,"type":"em"},{"start":633,"end":643,"type":"em"},{"start":645,"end":665,"type":"em"},{"start":667,"end":677,"type":"em"},{"start":679,"end":695,"type":"em"},{"start":697,"end":717,"type":"em"},{"start":719,"end":731,"type":"em"},{"start":733,"end":745,"type":"em"},{"start":747,"end":759,"type":"em"},{"start":761,"end":772,"type":"em"},{"start":774,"end":785,"type":"em"},{"start":790,"end":801,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Cynorkis anacamptoides","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LhLh8WN-LVifp_image-chikanda-orchid-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":906},"id":"aD8LhLh8WN-LVifp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the most saturated parts of the Mwakipembo swamp, there was an abundance of the already encountered S. crassicaule, but the related Satyrium robustum Schltr. was a personal favorite with uniquely hued, scarlet-pink spires of flowers so intensely colored that they appeared to glow among the surrounding grasses. Growing with the Satyrium were Disa erubescens Rendle and D. erubescens subsp. carsonii (N.H.Br.) H.P. Linder (syn. D. stolzii Schltr.) and what appeared to be a hybrid between them, all bearing few-flowered spikes of nonresupinate flowers with characteristically constricted, spatulate-shaped dorsal sepals with conspicuous spurs. Some orchids were almost weedlike in their abundance, including the tiny-flowered, but conspicuous Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. and the bright green whips of Habenaria attenuata Hook.f. Despite the relative abundance of orchids in the Mwakipembo swamp, our travels would ultimately indicate this to be a rare example of an unadulterated grassland seepage swamp, a formerly more widespread habitat that has largely been altered or destroyed in other parts of the highlands.","spans":[{"start":103,"end":117,"type":"em"},{"start":135,"end":152,"type":"em"},{"start":332,"end":340,"type":"em"},{"start":346,"end":361,"type":"em"},{"start":373,"end":386,"type":"em"},{"start":394,"end":402,"type":"em"},{"start":431,"end":441,"type":"em"},{"start":746,"end":768,"type":"em"},{"start":808,"end":827,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Disa erubescens photographed on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lg7h8WN-LVifo_image-chikanda-orchid-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":694,"height":904},"id":"aD8Lg7h8WN-LVifo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The transitional ecotones along the fringes of these wetlands were also ideal orchid habitats and support several Satyrium species. One of the most abundant was the brown, white and greenflowered curiosity Satyrium elongatum Rolfe, growing intermingled with just beginning to flower individuals of Satyrium sceptrum Schltr. The most conspicuous Satyrium flowering in this habitat was the highlighter-pink S. princeae Kraenzl., easily identified from most other species by its single prostrate, basal leaf. We also found several species that were about to flower, including Holothrix aff. nyasae and what appeared to be 2â3 additional Disa or Satyrium species just emerging from dormancy. One of these was likely to be Satyrium chlorocorys Rchb.f. ex. Rolfe, which is known to be common on the Kitulo. Despite the homogenous appearance of the landscape, it was clear that subtle changes in elevation and moisture conditions resulted in subtle ecological partitioning of the orchids into favored ecological niches.","spans":[{"start":114,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":205,"end":224,"type":"em"},{"start":298,"end":315,"type":"em"},{"start":345,"end":353,"type":"em"},{"start":405,"end":417,"type":"em"},{"start":573,"end":582,"type":"em"},{"start":588,"end":594,"type":"em"},{"start":634,"end":638,"type":"em"},{"start":642,"end":650,"type":"em"},{"start":718,"end":738,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] A yellow form of Disa erubescens ssp. caronii.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":37,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":50,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lgrh8WN-LVifm_image-chikanda-orchid-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":938},"id":"aD8Lgrh8WN-LVifm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We spent the following days summitting and exploring the 9,8
99810 ft (2,990 m) Mount Mtwori, the highest peak associated with the plateau and the northern terminus of the plateau known as the Matamba ridge. We found several orchids on and around the summit, but nothing like the orchid paradise that early orchid explorer Mary Livingstone had noted. We suspect that our timing may have been too early for peak flowering of many of the orchids, because we primarily found only the emerging foliage of what may have been Disa ukingensis Schltr. However, Satyrium monadenum was flowering in abundance on and around the peak. The most impressive find from this area was a peachy-pink flowered morph of Satyrium monadenum that was a true color break for the species and the only individual of its type we witnessed. On the descent from the peak, we encountered robust colonies of the dainty, bright yellow orchid Schizochilus sulphureus Schltr. growing on permanently wet, almost bare rocks in thin layers of humus encrusted with bryophytes. This species appears to be a habitat specialist, occurring only in similar habitats in scattered locations throughout the Kitulo.","spans":[{"start":516,"end":531,"type":"em"},{"start":549,"end":557,"type":"em"},{"start":558,"end":567,"type":"em"},{"start":695,"end":713,"type":"em"},{"start":905,"end":928,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] A purple form of Disa hircicornis photographed near the village of Wasa.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LgLh8WN-LVifl_image-chikanda-orchid-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":936},"id":"aD8LgLh8WN-LVifl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The rocky habitats of the Matamba ridge are similar to the summit of Mt. Mtwori. We were only able to find the emerging leaves of what appeared to be a D. ukingensis again, but the indication was that we were too early at the higher elevation sites for the orchids. It appeared that even a slight change in elevation above the plateau impacted the seasonality of plants growing there, with peak flowering of orchids occurring later in the year (March). One noteworthy find from a small area at the northwest end of the ridge was Moraea callista. This iris-like species and cousin of orchids was in full flower with photogenic flowers of white and blueâpurple. In March of 2025, we plan to return to the Matamba Ridge to search for additional orchids.","spans":[{"start":152,"end":165,"type":"em"},{"start":529,"end":544,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Holothrix nyassae on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lf7h8WN-LVifk_image-chikanda-orchid-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":936},"id":"aD8Lf7h8WN-LVifk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The next couple of days were spent retracing the Mwakipembo swamp and associated wetlands and geotagging orchid populations. These populations were marked for future seed collections to seed banking and propagation efforts mentioned previously. In conjunction with the National Park office and park rangers, we identified 28 populations of orchids, including rare color morphs of Satyrium monadenum for future seed collection.","spans":[{"start":380,"end":398,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Satyrium longicauda","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lfrh8WN-LVifi_image-chikanda-orchid-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":934},"id":"aD8Lfrh8WN-LVifi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MBEYA PEAK After leaving the Kitulo, we headed northwest to the small town of Mbeya, not far from the border with Zambia, and situated between Lake Rukwa and Lake Nyassa. Overlooking the town is Mbeya Peak, one of the highest peaks in Tanzania at 9,810 ft (2,990 m). The peak is known for the occurrence of four endemic species, all of which are of immediate conservation concern: Disa walteri Schltr. and Satyrium johnsonii Rolfe are considered critically endangered and Satyrium aberrans Summerh. and S. comptum Summerh. are considered endangered (IUCN). These orchids have limited representation in herbaria, having only been collected in 1960 at the time of discovery, and again in 2005, when a team of orchid scientists rediscovered all of them except for S. johnsonii (Van der Niet and Gehrke, 2005). These orchids are all known to flower in March. Despite this, we decided to climb the peak to determine if the orchids could be found earlier in the season and perhaps flower over a longer period than originally thought. We were also curious to understand the condition of the ecosystem and to determine what other orchids might be growing there.","spans":[{"start":381,"end":393,"type":"em"},{"start":406,"end":424,"type":"em"},{"start":472,"end":489,"type":"em"},{"start":503,"end":513,"type":"em"},{"start":761,"end":773,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Satyrium princeae","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lfbh8WN-LVifg_image-chikanda-orchid-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":692,"height":1078},"id":"aD8Lfbh8WN-LVifg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We were able to locate several species of interest growing on the peak, but the timing of our Mbeya visit proved to be too early when it came to locating the four endemic orchids of interest. The grasslands around the summit appeared to suffer from intense grazing pressure, but we were still able to find healthy colonies of Satyrium monadenum. We found other plants, such as the stunning gesneriad Streptocarpus eylesii ssp. brevistylus and grassland plants such as Dierama pendulum, indicating that that portion of the habitat remains intact. We plan to return to Mbeya in March 2025 to look for the orchids when they typically flower.","spans":[{"start":326,"end":344,"type":"em"},{"start":400,"end":421,"type":"em"},{"start":427,"end":438,"type":"em"},{"start":468,"end":484,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Satyrium sceptrum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LfLh8WN-LVife_image-chikanda-orchid-16.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":1080},"id":"aD8LfLh8WN-LVife","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MPANGA - KIPENGERE GAME RESERVE Our next location was where the main portion of Kipengere highlands, or Poroto Mountains, are found. This is east of Mbeya and north of the Kitulo Plateau in the Mpanga-Kipengere Game Reserve. This diverse region also occurs within the highlands regi
998on of southern Tanzania, but it offers much greater topographical relief compared to the Kitulo plateau of continuous grasslands. There is a corresponding mosaic of ecosystems, ecotones, habitats, and plant species.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Schizochilus sulphureus photographed on the Kitulo Plateau.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lerh8WN-LVifc_image-chikanda-orchid-17.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":998,"height":1330},"id":"aD8Lerh8WN-LVifc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The flora at the park entrance was low elevation Miombo forest, and although not a good habitat for orchids, it was rich in geophytes such as Ledebouria and the uniquely attractive Costus spectabilis. In addition, there were many succulents, including Adenia, Aloe and Euph
998orbia. As we continued south into the park, we slowly gained elevation and the flora began to change, becoming a mix of grassy wetlands and Miombo forest dotted with enormous termite mounds. Eventually, we came to a new road, built in the time since Robert and Barry had visited the park the previous June, which cut directly into previously undisturbed habitat. We rapidly gained elevation, and not long into the drive, we found many plants of interest, including the unusual Brachycorythis friesii (Schltr.) Summerh., growing by the thousands in seasonally wet, perched wetlands in shades of white, pink and lavender, and bearing a superficial similarity to the Asian species Ponerorchis graminifolia. This proved to be one of the most abundant orchids we would find throughout the reserve, and each of the wetlands was filled with thousands of their tiny, extremely variable flowers.","spans":[{"start":142,"end":152,"type":"em"},{"start":181,"end":199,"type":"em"},{"start":252,"end":258,"type":"em"},{"start":260,"end":264,"type":"em"},{"start":269,"end":278,"type":"em"},{"start":750,"end":772,"type":"em"},{"start":951,"end":975,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Brachycorythis friesii ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lebh8WN-LVifa_image-chikanda-orchid-18.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":832,"height":1090},"id":"aD8Lebh8WN-LVifa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We continued to gain elevation, and the landscape became even more floristically diverse. We encountered scattered flowering specimens of yardtall (meter-tall) Eulophia cucullata (Afzel. Ex Sw.) Steud. At the perimeter of these wet grasslands was another Habenaria species with green flowers growing among interesting Asclepiads in the genus Glossostelma. Further down the road, we found thousands of plants of Platycoryne cf. ambigua (Kraenzl.) Summerh. and Habenaria goetzeana Kraenzl. growing luxuriantly in open meadows with a rich assortment of herbaceous species. This was also the only place where we found an epiphytic orchid species in the preserve. Stout plants of Tridactyle tricuspis (Bolus) Dâhaijère \u0026 Stévart were growing on large flat-topped acacia trees and must be among the most drought-tolerant species of the Angraecoid Alliance.","spans":[{"start":160,"end":178,"type":"em"},{"start":255,"end":264,"type":"em"},{"start":342,"end":354,"type":"em"},{"start":411,"end":422,"type":"em"},{"start":427,"end":434,"type":"em"},{"start":459,"end":478,"type":"em"},{"start":675,"end":695,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Eulophia aff. cucullata","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":19,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LeLh8WN-LVifZ_image-chikanda-orchid-19.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":828,"height":1088},"id":"aD8LeLh8WN-LVifZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We drove to the end of the yet-tobe completed road and turned around. After a short time, we discovered that, to our surprise, the road was still under construction. Since we had passed in the morning, crews of road workers had started to install culverts in the road, and by the time we reached them they had already dug yard-wide (meter-wide) deep ditches across the road, rendering it impassable. To complicate the situation, the road verges were extremely wet, soft, deep mud and gravel, leaving us no clear path to drive around the ditch. The only option was to use the winch on the Land Cruiser and slug our way through the deep mud of the roadside. After a significant amount of effort and a couple of hours, we were able to free the vehicle from the deep mud at the roadside and continue our journey. To our dismay, we twice encountered the same situation before we could exit the reserve and make our way back to the lodge. Fortunately, we were able to pass the others without much difficulty because of the solid rock at the edge of the road. What a relief!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Platycoryne ambigua","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Ld7h8WN-LVifY_image-chikanda-orchid-20.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":830,"height":1074},"id":"aD8Ld7h8WN-LVifY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AROUND MAFINGA For the next several days, we used the timber town of Mafinga as a base camp to support a series of day trips to various places in the region where Barry and Robert previously encountered orchids. Of primary interest were the seasonally wet meadows in the vicinity of the village of Wasa, Makombe, and the famous wetlands of Sao Hill.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Habenaria goetzeana","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Ldrh8WN-LVifW_image-chikanda-orchid-21.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":830,"height":1072},"id":"aD8Ldrh8WN-LVifW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SAO HILL We started and ended work in this region in a place called Sao Hill. Sao Hill gradually rises to the southwest of Mafinga around 5,905 ft (1,800 m). Historically, it is one of the most well documented regi
998ons in the southern highlands for early orchid collections and the initial understanding of orchid diversity in the southern highlands. Herbarium specimens collected by Margaret Taylor, Dr. Phil Cribb and Dr. C. Grey-Wilson in the 1950s and 1980s indicate that this area is not only exceptional in the number of taxa, but also in the expansiveness of the orchid populations found there. Today, this area has been transformed into a mosaic of managed forests of Eucalyptus citriodorus and Pinus patula on upland areas, interspersed with nearly untouched, hyperdiverse grasslands and wetlands, many of which are still extremely orchid-rich.","spans":[{"start":675,"end":697,"type":"em"},{"start":702,"end":714,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Satyrium trinerve photographed at Sao Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Ldbh8WN-LVifV_image-chikanda-orchid-22.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":830,"height":1088},"id":"aD8Ldbh8WN-LVifV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Entering the site requires permission and an escort from a forest ranger. This required several hours at the forest office. However, as soon as we entered the natural areas, we started encountering plants of interest. The charismatic amaryllid, Boophone disticha, with yard-wide (meter-wide) showy glaucous-blue leaves arranged in a fanlike pattern, first caught our attention and signaled that other interesting plants could be found nearby. Nearby were the deep blue-purple flowers of Thunbergia aff. natalensis, the common but variable Gloriosa superba, and the only orchid we encountered growing in such dry places, Brachycorythis pilosa Summerh. Further down the slopes we found Satyrium elongatum again, growing in shaded areas near the edge of forest; just within the borders of the forest was a large Habenaria species not quite in flower, but growing very abundantly with Dahlia imperialis, a cherished rarity in western gardens, but an emerging invasive species in southern Tanzania. As we entered the open grassy areas between the forest and wetland, we began to encounter several more orchid species, some in large numbers. The most conspicuous of these were what appeared to be Disa erubescens subsp. carsonii and D. erubescens. The plants here were uniformly bright orange in flower color and there appeared to be some intermediate forms. The hybrid between these species from the Sao Hill has been published in the past. At the very edge of the wetland, growing in wetter places than the previous two species, we found a few individuals of Disa cryptantha Summerh., a diminutive species with pale orange, spotted, nonresupinate flowers. This is the only place we found this uncommon species. From here we transitioned to other parts of Sao Hill to search for other species of orchids.","spans":[{"start":222,"end":243,"type":"em"},{"start":245,"end":262,"type":"em"},{"start":487,"end":497,"type":"em"},{"start":503,"end":513,"type":"em"},{"start":539,"end":555,"type":"em"},{"start":620,"end":641,"type":"em"},{"start":684,"end":702,"type":"em"},{"start":809,"end":818,"type":"em"},{"start":881,"end":898,"type":"em"},{"start":1191,"end":1206,"type":"em"},{"start":1214,"end":1222,"type":"em"},{"start":1227,"end":1240,"type":"em"},{"start":1555,"end":1570,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Habenaria praestans","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lc7h8WN-LVifS_image-chikanda-orchid-23.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":828,"height":1086},"id":"aD8Lc7h8WN-LVifS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For the next couple of days, we continued to search other parts of Sa
998o Hill, but we focused our attention on ecotonal areas where the drier hills transitioned into wetlands. These areas revealed orchid species we had not previously encountered. The first was the conspicuous Satyrium trinerve Lindl., a white and yellow flowered species, which is unique because the large bracts subtending the flowers are mostly white, highly contrasting yellow and white flowers, and making it stand out from all other Satyrium species on this expedition. It is also one of the main species sought for chikanda production. Our documentation of this population is important, as team members can return to collect seed. The adjacent wetland supported a different flora from the neighboring grassland, where S. trinerve was growing. My initial motivation for this path was to get a closer look at what appeared to be, and was, a 6.55-foot-tall (2-m) yet-to-be identified gladiolus species that had already flowered. While studying these, a few scattered orchid inflorescences with lacy, chartreuse colored flowers came into view. This turned out to be another new orchid for the trip, Habenaria praestans Rendle, a tall-growing, dramatic species with large, deeply filigreed chartreuse labellum. This would be the only place we found this species. As we trudged out of the wetland, yet another new-to-thetrip orchid appeared, and another of the species I was most hoping to see in Tanzania â Satyrium coriophorides A. Rich., one of the several brilliantly red-flowered taxa and part of an apparent complex involving several species. The conspicuously hooded, relatively small flowers, and habitat preference distinguish it from related taxa found at higher elevations to the south. The next days were spent in other locations within a dayâs drive from Mafinga to search for orchids. ","spans":[{"start":275,"end":292,"type":"em"},{"start":504,"end":512,"type":"em"},{"start":790,"end":801,"type":"em"},{"start":1168,"end":1187,"type":"em"},{"start":1475,"end":1497,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Satyrium coriophoroides","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lcrh8WN-LVifR_image-chikanda-orchid-24.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":996,"height":1426},"id":"aD8Lcrh8WN-LVifR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MAKOMBE Makombe is a remote village on the outskirts of a valley with a seasonal wetland during the rainy season. Previous field work in the region for Sansevieria revealed the presence of orchids during the dry season, evident by their spent flower heads. We obtained permission from the head of the local village to enter the site. Heavy grazing pressure was evident as soon as we entered, but we did manage to find some orchids. One exciting discovery was a colony of an unspotted, yellow-flowered form of Disa erubescens ssp. carsonii, described previously as âvar. lutescens,â a rarely encountered, novel flower form of this typically orange-flowered species. ","spans":[{"start":152,"end":163,"type":"em"},{"start":509,"end":524,"type":"em"},{"start":530,"end":538,"type":"em"},{"start":570,"end":579,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] Satyrium coriophoroides at Sao Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lcbh8WN-LVifP_image-chikanda-orchid-25.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":830,"height":1086},"id":"aD8Lcbh8WN-LVifP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WASA During the next few days, we made daily excursions to the village of Wasa. Barry and Robert had previously visited this area looking for Sansevieria but also noted an abundance of senesced orchid plants during their excursions. Although not a nature reserve, and therefore, unfortunately, not protected, the waterfilled meadows around Wasa turned out to be some of the most orchid-rich habitats of the entire expedition. We met with Paolo, a local guide who was also the former village leader. He lived in Wasa his entire life and was intimately familiar with the surrounding natural areas. Before we even reached Wasa and our meeting location with Paolo, we started to see or
998chids along the roadside. First was more of a slightly different form of Satyrium coriophoroides A. Rich. with a slightly differently shaped lip and maroon, reflexed floral bracts compared with what we saw in Sao Hill with large green shield-like floral bracts. We saw only a handful of these plants at Sao Hill, but it was much more abundant around Wasa. Thousands of plants dotted throughout the expansive seasonally wet grasslands. As we continued toward the village, we stopped to pick up Paolo, and he guided us to the next locations. The closer we got to the village, the more of the natural landscape we encountered. Our first foray was into a portion of the wet meadow, where we explored the valley, dotted with huge termite mounds. We immediately encountered hundreds more S. coriophoroides, in addition to the previously unseen Habenaria weberiana Schltr., and the small, but brilliant orange flowered Platycoryne cf. crocea Rolfe growing by the thousands, Eulophia cucullata (Afzel. Ex SW.) Steud., and Satyrium neglectum. One of the most conspicuous orchids, Habenaria walleri Rchb.f. was growing in disturbed sites along the road. The low hills adjacent to the vast wetlands were covered in Miombo forest and rich in Asclepiads, a variety of other herbaceous plants, and two flowering plants of Satyrium carsonii Rolfe. ","spans":[{"start":754,"end":777,"type":"em"},{"start":1464,"end":1481,"type":"em"},{"start":1520,"end":1539,"type":"em"},{"start":1594,"end":1605,"type":"em"},{"start":1610,"end":1616,"type":"em"},{"start":1649,"end":1667,"type":"em"},{"start":1696,"end":1714,"type":"em"},{"start":1753,"end":1770,"type":"em"},{"start":1990,"end":2007,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] Habenaria weberiana at Wasa.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lb7h8WN-LVifO_image-chikanda-orchid-26.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":826,"height":1082},"id":"aD8Lb7h8WN-LVifO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"At the edge of the village was one of the most orchid-rich areas we encountered. In these wet meadows, within a stoneâs throw of the mud brick and tin roof houses of the village center, we found meadows filled with species we had not seen previously. The most interesting and beautiful of these were two of the âblueâ disas: D. equestris Rchb.f. and D. hircicornis Rchb.f. These stunningly beautiful species were rare, with a few scattered individuals of D. equestris and only a single flowering specimen of D. hircicornis. Other orchids growing in this meadow included Brachycorythis pubescens, Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., and Satyrium longicauda Lindl. At this point, we turned around for the long ride back to Mafinga, content with a day well spent documenting our newly encountered orchid species. Time spent in Wasa is among the highlights of the trip, however, this habitat is under extreme pressure because of the rapid conversion of the land to agricultural fields to support the growing population of the village. What seemed like a pristine natural area worthy of protection was instead for immediate use as farm and grazing lands for the rapidly growing village of Wasa. When we returned to Wasa in late 2024, we found that much of the grassland was converted into agricultural land within a span of only 10 months, and many of the orchids and other interesting plants were already gone. ","spans":[{"start":325,"end":337,"type":"em"},{"start":350,"end":364,"type":"em"},{"start":455,"end":467,"type":"em"},{"start":508,"end":522,"type":"em"},{"start":570,"end":594,"type":"em"},{"start":596,"end":612,"type":"em"},{"start":633,"end":652,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] Platycoryne crocea","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Lbbh8WN-LVifM_image-chikanda-orchid-27.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":826,"height":1072},"id":"aD8Lbbh8WN-LVifM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Before beginning the long drive back to Arusha, we made one last stop at a roadside on Sao Hill to look for orchids before leaving the highlands. This was well worth the time, as we found a small but orchid-rich strip of remnant grassland with several orchids previously seen on the trip. There were a few flowering plants of Habenaria gonatosiphon Summerh., which would be the last orchid species we documented on the trip.","spans":[{"start":326,"end":348,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] Disa equestris","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LbLh8WN-LVifL_image-chikanda-orchid-28.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":690,"height":1420},"id":"aD8LbLh8WN-LVifL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TRIP RESULTS AND FUTURE EFFORTS This concluded the orchid scouting portion of the expedition. The last few days were spent driving north back to Arusha and on the way searching the remnant, seasonal wetlands near the city of Singida, where we were searching for the IUCN Endangered, yellow-flowered water lily Nymphaea stuhlmannii. We were able to locate the species in at least three extant populations, but it was not associated with orchids that we were able to find.","spans":[{"start":310,"end":330,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Liparis nervosa","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8Labh8WN-LVifH_image-chikanda-orchid-29.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":694,"height":1120},"id":"aD8Labh8WN-LVifH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We documented 69 types of orchids on this trip. Initial identifications were made using keys in the three orchid treatments in the Flora of Tropical East Africa (Cribb 1984, 1989; Richards et al. 1968) with reference from online sources to verify updated or synonymized names (World Flora Online). Results from the trip included the collection of 385 herbarium specimens now deposited in the National Herbarium of Tanzania. We also used radio tags and GPS coordinates to mark 31 populations of orchids where the team returned in April 2023 to collect seeds to deposit at the TPHPA National Plant Genetic Resources Center, a subset of which were sent to Longwood Gardens to begin a series of in vitro seed germination experiments to research their germination and long-term storage potential. This emerging research will result in information that will support the goal of long-term, sustainable orchid production and harvesting in Tanzania, and hopefully, the protocols will be implemented in other countries as well. Preliminary research indicates that seed lots of some species, such as Satyrium monadenum and D. erubescens spp. carsonii may be easier to germinate and grow in vitro than others, such as Disa baurii, which has so far has not germinated in any treatment. This research is ongoing, and we still have many seed lots to test. After we collect more data, the results will start to be published.","spans":[{"start":1089,"end":1107,"type":"em"},{"start":1112,"end":1125,"type":"em"},{"start":1131,"end":1139,"type":"em"},{"start":1206,"end":1217,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Habenaria gonatocarpus at Sao Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD8LZ7h8WN-LVifF_image-chikanda-orchid-30.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":996,"height":1250},"id":"aD8LZ7h8WN-LVifF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cribb, P. 1984. Flora of Tropical East Africa: Orchidaceae (Part 2). Balkema Publishing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":58,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"_. 1989. Flora of Tropical East Africa: Orchidaceae (Part 3). Balkema Publishing, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ","spans":[{"start":9,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cribb, P.J. and G.P. Leedal. 1982. The Mountain Flowers of Southern Tanzania. A.A. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, Netherlands. ","spans":[{"start":35,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Gattus, R. 2019. In Zambia, a Craze for a Traditional Treat is Endangering Wild Orchids, Atlas Obscura, ","spans":[{"start":89,"end":102,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"March 1. IUCN Red list of Threatened Species. Accessed November 7, 2024. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Richards, P.W., E. Milne-Redhead, R.M. Polhill, and V.S. Summerhayes. 1968. Flora of East Tropical Africa. Orchidaceae (Part 1). Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, United Kingdom. ","spans":[{"start":57,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":76,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Van der Niet, T. and B. Gehrke. 2005. Rare Terrestrial Orchids on Mbeya Peak, Southern Tanzania. J. East African Natural History 94:279â285. ","spans":[{"start":97,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Veldman, S., K. Seol-Jong, T.R. Van Andel, M.B. Font, R.E. Bone, B. Bytebier, D. Chuba, B. Gravendeel, F. Martos, and G. Mpatwa. 2018. Trade in Zambian Edible OrchidsâDNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda. Genes 9(12):595. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9120595","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âPeter Zale, PhD holds a Masterâs degree and PhD in plant breeding and genetics from the Ohio State University and is Associate Director, Conservation Horticulture and Plant Breeding at Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA. Zale leads plant exploration, breeding, and conservation programs through a combination field, garden, and laboratory based activities.â¯His work focuses on the development and implementation of a comprehensive conservation horticulture program based on U.S. native orchids. He has planned and participated in over 30 plant exploration expeditions throughout the U.S., East Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and equatorial Africa. In his
998spare time, he has been creating his own âprivate botanical gardenâ with extensive collections of hardy geophytes and orchids, woodland plantss, trees, shrubs, and a variety of other plants that reflect personal plant exploration efforts and interest in propagating plants from seeds. In 2024 he was awarded the AOS Philip E. Keenan Award in recognition of contributions made to native orchid conservation in North America (Email: [email protected])","spans":[{"start":1,"end":1084,"type":"em"},{"start":1092,"end":1117,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aDgwihIAACEAsMYb","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-june-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"5c97ac70-1470-4254-9acd-db3b6ca0b2af","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Chikanda Orchids. Conservation in the Highlands of Southern Tanzania","MetaDescription":"The ancient montane grasslands of tropical southern Tanzania are home to at least 100 species of terrestrial orchids, all uniquely beautiful and of urgent conservation concern. A unique threat to these orchids is the harvest and use of their tubers to make chikanda, a traditional food originating in northern Zambia that is sometimes described as âvegetable sausage.â","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aD9N7hEAACAAu6H1","uid":"growing-phalaenopsis.-what-can-go-wrong","url":"/orchids/articles/growing-phalaenopsis.-what-can-go-wrong","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aD9N7hEAACAAu6H1%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T20:11:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:07:02+0000","slugs":["growing-phalaenopsis.-what-can-go-wrong"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Growing Phalaenopsis. What Can Go Wrong?","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-06-01","Summary":"Phalaenopsis are easy to grow and they bloom and bloom, some for more than three months at a time. They enjoy bright, shady conditions and a somewhat water-retentive growing medium. They are sensitive to the cold, so they may need a winter home indoors; an eastern window is ideal. So, if they are so easy to grow, what can go wrong? Sue Bottom shares her extensive knowledge of these plants and their cultural success.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"PHALAENOPSIS ARE EASY to grow and they bloom and bloom, some for more than three months at a time. They enjoy bright, shady conditions and a somewhat water-retentive growing medium. They are sensitive to the cold, so they may need a winter home indo
998ors; an eastern window is ideal. Finding a location outdoors in the summer months where they are exposed to loads of fresh air and the dayânight temperature change will pay big dividends when it comes time for them to bloom. Just be careful to have them in a location where water cannot collect in the crown of the plant, causing rot. A covered porch or pergola is an ideal place to summer your phals.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"So, if they are so easy to grow, what can go wrong? I have had my share of maladies, from cultural errors to pests and diseases, and have also received pictures of Phalaenopsis problems that other growers have shared, some of which are reproduced herein.","spans":[{"start":164,"end":176,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WITH CULTURE You know you must balance the amount of water, light, air and the other cultural factors your orchid receives, but everyone makes cultural errors from time to time. Improper watering can create a variety of problems for you, as can insufficient air movement or extremes of temperature. Cultural errors may very well cause more problems than those from orchid pests and diseases.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Crown Rot If water is allowed to stand in the crown of your plant, naturally occurring bacteria will proliferate, which can cause the growing tip of the plant to rot. This is a major concern for outdoor growers who do not have an overhang or cover to prevent water from accumulating. Normal watering can also cause water to pool in the crown. Tilt the plant to allow water to drain from the crown or position the plant so the crown will naturally drain any accumulated water, or add a few drops of hydrogen peroxide to the crown to kill any bacteria. You hope that the plant will sprout a new plantlet from below the damaged crown.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CROWN ROT FROM WATER ACCUMULATING IN THE CROWN OF THE PLANT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Phalaenopsis grow upward from a central stem. If the growing tip rots from water standing in the crown, the plant cannot grow replacement leaves.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Enbh8WN-LVjqa_image-growing-phalaenopsis-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1100,"height":732},"id":"aD9Enbh8WN-LVjqa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âIf the plant has sufficient energy reserves, it may be able to sprout a new plantlet from the base of the plant below the damaged tissue.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Em7h8WN-LVjqZ_image-growing-phalaenopsis-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1104,"height":734},"id":"aD9Em7h8WN-LVjqZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Edema Edema is caused when your plant absorbs more water than can be shed from the leaves, so the plant cells swell and produce a blister-like lesion. It typically occurs when watering late in the day on a day when the night turns cool. During the cooler months, it is important to follow the much-repeated advice to water early in the day.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":5,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"EDEMA â BLISTER-LIKE LESIONS FROM WATERING LATE WHEN NIGHTS ARE COOL","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âYou can see water-filled blisters in the early stage of Edema (the blue spotting is residual from spraying a copper fungicide).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Emrh8WN-LVjqY_image-growing-phalaenopsis-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":816,"height":542},"id":"aD9Emrh8WN-LVjqY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4]âThe damaged tissue can become tan to brownish and corky over time and trick you into thinking it is some sort of scale infestation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Embh8WN-LVjqX_image-growing-phalaenopsis-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":816,"height":540},"id":"aD9Embh8WN-LVjqX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Root Rot The roots of your phalaenopsis can rot either because they are being watered too frequently or because the potting mix is breaking down, which is a nicer way of saying your potting mix is rotting. If the mix begins to rot, your roots will likewise begin to rot. You may also find a white filamentous snow mold growing in the decaying mix. The snow mold is water-repellent, so once it covers the roots, they cannot absorb water. If your plant starts to look dehydrated, it probably is dehydrated. Knock it out of the pot and find out why.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ROOT ROT â OVERWATERING OR DECAYING POTTING MIX","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7]âYour Phalaenopsis leaves should be plump and turgid. These leaves have become thin and droopy because the roots rotted and could not absorb water.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Elrh8WN-LVjqU_image-growing-phalaenopsis-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":832,"height":552},"id":"aD9Elrh8WN-LVjqU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8]âRepot your plant in fresh potting mix and water lightly until it reestablishes. This is the same plant three months later.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9ElLh8WN-LVjqT_image-growing-phalaenopsis-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":828,"height":550},"id":"aD9ElLh8WN-LVjqT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Snow mold also grows in decaying potting mix and can suffocate the roots. Wash off the old potting mix and repot in fresh mix.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ek7h8WN-LVjqS_image-growing-phalaenopsis-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":826,"height":548},"id":"aD9Ek7h8WN-LVjqS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sunburn The sudden appearance of black spots can be caused by sunburn, a result of leaves becoming overheated from too much light, such as from a sudden increase in light during a change in seasons or moving plants outdoors in the spring. The burn occurs on the highest point of the leaf where it is exposed to the most sun. The burn fades to a thin tan-colored leaf scar over time and can be invaded by secondary infections. If the damage is not too severe, it is unsightly, but the leaf will still photosynthesize. You may want to remove severely damaged leaves.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":7,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cold Damage Cold damage can occur from exposure to low temperatures or watering with cold water. Cold damage causes the collapse of cell tissue, resulting in surface lesions, pitting, sunken areas and discoloration. The tissue can become watersoaked, wilted and browned, and can be susceptible to secondary infection. Know the temperature requirements of your orchids and watch the projected nighttime lows during winter. Use room-temperature water for your orchids and save your ice cubes for your evening toddies. Remove severely damaged leaves.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":11,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURE EFFECTS â SUNBURN AND COLD DAMAGE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Sunburn is a thermal effect that begins as a whitish or yellowish scar fading to tan or black depending on the severity of the burn.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EmLh8WN-LVjqW_image-growing-phalaenopsis-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":818,"height":544},"id":"aD9EmLh8WN-LVjqW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6]âCold damage can occur from low temperatures, watering with cold water or using ice cubes.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9El7h8WN-LVjqV_image-growing-phalaenopsis-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":814,"height":540},"id":"aD9El7h8WN-LVjqV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROBLEMS WITH PESTS Mealybugs, scale and mites are the most common enemies of your phalaenopsis.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mealybugs and Scale Although they have different appearances, the damage they cause and their treatment are the same. Mealybugs appear to be white cottony masses that can occur on any part of the plant from the roots to the flowers, though they tend to hide in plant crevices. There are different types of scale, but the kinds that typically infest phalaenopsis are soft brown scale, which forms light yellowish to dark brown oval to circular shells, and armored scale, which ultimately forms a brown conical structure protecting the juvenile scale underneath it. Scale can appear on leaves, flowers, flower spikes and sometimes roots. Soft scale produces honeydew, but hard scale does not.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If there are only a few scale or mealybugs, use a cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol to remove the pests physically, or put the alcohol in a spray bottle and spray all visible pests and hiding places. For more severe infestations, use repeat applications of a contact pe
998sticide or use the homemade remedy of one part isopropyl alcohol, one part Formula 409 all-purpose cleaner or Murphyâs Oil Soap and two parts water. Be sure to spray all plant surfaces and pest hiding places. Drenches, in which the insecticide is poured through the potting mix, are easier to apply than contact pesticides and probably more effective, with the added benefit of lowering your potential exposure to chemicals. If available where you live, you can apply one of the commercially available products containing the active ingredient imidacloprid; the orchid will move the chemical through the roots into the leaves and kill the pests from the inside out. Always follow the manufacturerâs instructions concerning dilution rates.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MEALYBUGS AND SCALE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Soft brown scale may appear on leaves, flowers and flower stems. You may notice a sticky saplike substance.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ekrh8WN-LVjqR_image-growing-phalaenopsis-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":622,"height":862},"id":"aD9Ekrh8WN-LVjqR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Armored scale have a hard, crusty coating protecting the scale underneath, but they can easily be removed with a cotton swab or soft toothbrush.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ekbh8WN-LVjqQ_image-growing-phalaenopsis-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":854},"id":"aD9Ekbh8WN-LVjqQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12]âMealybugs look like white cottony masses that may appear on your leaves, though they love to hide in plant crevices.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EkLh8WN-LVjqP_image-growing-phalaenopsis-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":620,"height":772},"id":"aD9EkLh8WN-LVjqP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13]âMealybugs (and even scale) are also happy feasting on your roots, out of sight. You may have to pour an insecticide drench through the potting mix for really effective control.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ej7h8WN-LVjqO_image-growing-phalaenopsis-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":620,"height":766},"id":"aD9Ej7h8WN-LVjqO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mites Mites are not insects; they are members of the spider or arachnid family. There are three groups of mites infesting cultivated orchids: spider mites, flat mites and broad mites. The twospotted red spider mite (Tetranychidae) causes a chlorotic spot or stipple at each feeding site as chloroplasts are sucked out along with the plant sap. Leaves eventually develop a mottled or stippled appearance, with webbing under the leaf in severe infestations. Flat mites, or false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae), including the Phalaenopsis mite, often feed on the upper surfaces of leaves, creating a pockmarked appearance from empty and collapsed leaf cells. Broad mites (Tarsonemidae) are microscopic, and the initial symptom is chlorotic discoloration.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":5,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mites proliferate during warm, dry conditions and are often pests on indoor phalaenopsis. To prevent or treat for mites, spray upper and lower leaf surfaces with the home-cure mixture of one part rubbing alcohol, one part Formula 409 or Murphyâs Oil Soap and two parts water. Plants can also be sprayed with a miticide such as Avid, Talstar or Kelthane, following label instructions and being particularly careful to contact all the undersides of the leaves. During warm weather, new generations mature every six days, so repeat applications will be required.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MITE DAMAGE ON PHALAENOPSIS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14]âDamage from red spider mites includes stippling and webbing on the underside of the leaf.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ejrh8WN-LVjqN_image-growing-phalaenopsis-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":954,"height":636},"id":"aD9Ejrh8WN-LVjqN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15]âDamage from flat mites includes pockmarking on the upper leaf surface and no webbing.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ejbh8WN-LVjqM_image-growing-phalaenopsis-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":956,"height":636},"id":"aD9Ejbh8WN-LVjqM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROBLEMS WITH DISEASE There are some diseases to which phalaenopsis are susceptible, including bacterial soft rot, bacterial brown spot, collar rot and botrytis.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bacterial Infections With bacterial soft rot, small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves and often are surrounded by yellow halos. If unchecked, the infection spreads so rapidly that plants may be completely rotted in two to three days. This wet rot may have a foul odor and has a water-soaked appearance. Bacterial brown spot is the most common disease of Phalaenopsis. The symptoms may appear anywhere on the leaf as a small, soft, watersoaked blister that may be surrounded by a yellowish or pale green halo. Initially, dirty green in color, spots coalesce and enlarge, and eventually become brown or black, dried up and sunken. If the diseased area invades the crown, the plant will die.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For fast-moving soft rots, immediately remove infected tissue about an inch (0.4 cm) below the affected tissue using a sterile instrument, then pour peroxide over the wound. For bacterial brown spot, pour peroxide over the infected tissue, and if it continues to enlarge, consider removing the infected tissue. Bactericides such as Physan 20 or copper compounds can be sprayed on infected and adjacent plants following label instructions (copper should not be used on dendrobiums or blooming plants). Treat nearby plants as well as those that are diseased.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PHALAENOPSIS DISEASES â BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PROBLEMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Bacterial Soft Rot caused by Erwinia","spans":[{"start":34,"end":41,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EjLh8WN-LVjqL_image-growing-phalaenopsis-16.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":954,"height":632},"id":"aD9EjLh8WN-LVjqL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Bacterial Brown Spot caused by Pseudomonas","spans":[{"start":36,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Ei7h8WN-LVjqK_image-growing-phalaenopsis-17.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":954,"height":636},"id":"aD9Ei7h8WN-LVjqK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Collar Rot or Southern Blight caused by Sclerotium","spans":[{"start":45,"end":55,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Eirh8WN-LVjqI_image-growing-phalaenopsis-18.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":956,"height":634},"id":"aD9Eirh8WN-LVjqI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Flower blighting caused by Botrytis","spans":[{"start":32,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EiLh8WN-LVjqH_image-growing-phalaenopsis-19.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":954,"height":636},"id":"aD9EiLh8WN-LVjqH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Collar Rot The main symptom of southern blight or collar rot is a rapid collapse and rotting of the roots, stem and lower parts of the leaves. The base of the stem turns creamy yellow, later dark brown, and the infection spreads to the roots and leaves. The disease eventually girdles and destroys the entire basal portion of the plant. Small yellow or tan sclerotia resembling mustard seeds form on the affected tissue. You can treat the plant with a systemic fungicide containing thiophanate methyl (such as Thiomyl, Clearyâs 3336 or Banrot) and perhaps save the plant if the disease has not progressed too far. Sterilize benches and surrounding area with bleach, Physan 20 or pool algaecide.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":11,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Botrytis This is a fungal infection that causes very small black or light brown spots on the flowers. The spots may enlarge andcover the entire flower. If conditions are moist, a gray fungal growth may appear on severely infected or decaying flowers. This fungus is common in the environment and cannot be eradicated. Remove infected flowers because these are reservoirs of infection. Infection may be reduced through careful sanitation, increased air circulation, reduced humidity and warmer night temperatures (above the mid-60s F [17â18 C]). You can spray with a protectant fungicide such as Daconil or the home remedy of baking soda at 2 teaspoons per gallon (2.6 ml/liter).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROBLEMS WITH VIRUS Virus expresses itself in chlorotic and necrotic spots, streaks, lines and rings in the leaves. Flowers may show necrotic spots and streaks as well as color break, often resulting in an unhealthy, ugly-looking plant. The virus, if present, is present in all parts of the plant. There is no treatment for a virus-infected plant. Destroy the plant to prevent it from infecting other plants. If the plant is valuable, isolate it completely from other plants and follow strict precautions to prevent infecting other plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"VIRUSED PHALAENOPSIS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20]âThis Phalaenopsis suffers from âugly plant syndromeâ as a result of a virus, confirmed by the Agdia test strip.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Eh7h8WN-LVjqF_image-growing-phalaenopsis-20.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":970,"height":612},"id":"aD9Eh7h8WN-LVjqF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21]âThe presence of so-called color-break in Phalaenopsis flowers is not always a good indicator of a virus. This virus-infected Phalaenopsis has chlorotic streaking and spotting, although there is no color break in the flower.","spans":[{"start":46,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":142,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Eg7h8WN-LVjqD_image-growing-phalaenopsis-21.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":972,"height":612},"id":"aD9Eg7h8WN-LVjqD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] A very faint chlorotic streaking in the leaf is an early warning that the plant may be virus-infected.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Egrh8WN-LVjqC_image-growing-phalaenopsis-22.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":970,"height":612},"id":"aD9Egrh8WN-LVjqC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROBLEMS WITH DEFORMITIES Sometimes, problems can arise for no obvious reason. An inflorescence can emerge from the central growing tip of the plant, called an apical spike, rather than from under the leaves. This may mean the plant will no longer produce new leaves from the growing tip, and you may have to wait for a basal keiki to form for the plant to continue growing. The inflorescence can also get twisted under the leaf and even start growing through a leaf in its attempt to grow toward the sunlight. I have broken many inflorescences trying to straighten","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"them. If you do not catch it early enough to gently reorient the spike, it may be better to let it find its own way. You may also get leaf deformities, which may indicate a genetic defect, a reaction to chemicals applied or just a random mutation that will be followed by normal plant growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WHAT THEâ¦?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23]âThis Phalaenopsis plant has a normal flower spike to the right and an apical spike emerging from the growing center of the plant.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Egbh8WN-LVjqB_image-growing-phalaenopsis-23.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":972,"height":644},"id":"aD9Egbh8WN-LVjqB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24]âThis flower spike got disoriented as it tried to emerge and became twisted under the leaf as it sought light.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EgLh8WN-LVjqA_image-growing-phalaenopsis-24.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":968,"height":640},"id":"aD9EgLh8WN-LVjqA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25]âThis leaf seems to have mutated â growing into a funnel shape. Plants that do this will often go on to produce other normal leaves.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9Efrh8WN-LVjp-_image-growing-phalaenopsis-25.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":974,"height":644},"i
998d":"aD9Efrh8WN-LVjp-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SEASONAL CARE In the spring, once nighttime temperatures stay about 60 F (15.5 C), move your phalaenopsis to its shady summer home. During the summer, your plant will gather its strength for next yearâs blooms. Water with a dilute fertilizer solution when the potting mix approaches dryness. When the temperatures first start to cool in the fall, leave the plant outdoors to receive a chill as long as temperatures do not drop below 50â55 F (10â12.8 C). This signals the plant to start the bloom cycle. After two or three weeks or when the temperatures drop below 50 F (10 C), bring the plant indoors for the winter. Continue watering with a dilute fertilizer solution when the potting mix approaches dryness. You should see flower spikes by Christmas and flowers by Valentineâs Day. By Independence Day, you will remove the spent flower spike and decide whether your plant needs to be repotted; this is normally needed every year or two.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WHEN ALL GOES WELL","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] Phalaenopsis Medellin Spring (Brother Love Rosa à Little Gem Stripes) blooming in profusion.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9EfLh8WN-LVjp9_image-growing-phalaenopsis-26.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1726,"height":1020},"id":"aD9EfLh8WN-LVjp9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Finding the right spot to grow your phalaenopsis will prevent many diseases and environmental problems from developing. A bright, shady spot with fresh air bathing your plant will help keep","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"it healthy. Observe your plant to make sure the leaves are plump and green, and react to problems quickly. Then kick back and enjoy the blooms!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Thanks to all who sent pictures of your plants to [email protected] so that we could help with the diagnosis and suggestions for treatment.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera, and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":379,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":408,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aDgwihIAACEAsMYb","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-june-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"49fd5118-9c9f-487b-ae32-8ad2d0f6b100","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Growing Phalaenopsis. What Can Go Wrong?","MetaDescription":"Phalaenopsis are easy to grow and they bloom and bloom, some for more than three months at a time. They enjoy bright, shady conditions and a somewhat water-retentive growing medium. They are sensitive to the cold, so they may need a winter home indoors; an eastern window is ideal. So, if they are so easy to grow, what can go wrong? Sue Bottom shares her extensive knowledge of these plants and their cultural success.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aD9ajBEAAB8Au7O7","uid":"why-will-it-not-bloom-part-2-phalaenopsis","url":"/orchids/articles/why-will-it-not-bloom-part-2-phalaenopsis","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aD9ajBEAAB8Au7O7%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T20:27:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-07-24T12:08:59+0000","slugs":["why-will-it-not-bloom-part-2-phalaenopsis"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2_v094n06coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aDg0ASdWJ-7kSq_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 2: Phalaenopsis","Author":"Ron McHatton","ArticleDate":"2025-06-01","Summary":"This is the second in a series of articles that explore the conditions critical to inducing orchids to flower. This installment looks at the genus Phalaenopsis, discussing the differences in floral triggers between the three main groups of species and hybrids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"LAST MONTH'S COLUMN discussed the general physiological and environmental triggers that bring plants into bloom. By way of review, there are two components to making a plant bloom. The first is physiological. Is my plant mature enough to bloom? Is it large enough to have built up reproductive reserve energy? Does it have a sufficiently good root system to facilitate nutrient absorption? The second component to good blooming is a collection of environmental factors that specific plants use to determine when to flower. The most common include diurnal variation between day and night temperatures, absolute day and night temperatures, seasonal variation in day length, seasonal variation in light levels and seasonal variations in water availability.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Phalaenopsis, such as this Phalaenopsis Plantation Anticipation âOrchid Konnectionâ AM/AOS (grower: Orchid Konnection), is derived from species that strongly depend on temperature variation to induce flowering","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":43,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X3Lh8WN-LVjzU_image-why-p2-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":706,"height":900},"id":"aD9X3Lh8WN-LVjzU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Now let us look at specific genera. The genus Phalaenopsis is a good place to begin. Not only are they fairly easy to understand, almost everybody grows at least a few of them. Depending on the species or hybrid line, there are generally three main triggers involved.","spans":[{"start":46,"end":58,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Phalaenopsis LDâs Bear Queen âLimeyâ AM/AOS (grower: Pat van Adrichem). The species and hybrids in the background of this group of Phalaenopsis are not dependent on temperature variation and tend to flower whenever there is warmth and bright light.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":135,"end":147,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X2rh8WN-LVjzT_image-why-p2-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":700,"height":898},"id":"aD9X2rh8WN-LVjzT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LARGE-FLOWERED GROUP Breeding lines that typically produce long, arched stems of multiple, large, flat flowers are dominated by three species in their background: amabilis, aphrodite and schilleriana. These species (and most of the others in these hybrid lines) are completely dependent on temperature to trigger flowering. You see them in flower in the mass market year-round because they are forced into bloom just like poinsettias. They are so depen
998dent on temperature that the mass producers have algorithms that allow them to precisely control the time from chilling to first flower open, allowing them to meet changes in market demand. These plants are brought into flowering by a combination of absolute night temperatures and reduced day temperatures that mimic those in the speciesâ natural habitat. This group of Phalaenopsis naturally flower in the winter and spring following a period of day temperatures below about 84 F (28.8 C) or lower and night temperatures 15â20 F (8.3â11.1 C) lower. If temperatures rise above the low 80s F (27â28.8 C) during the daytime, inflorescence development may stop, and if night temperatures exceed the mid-70s F (23.3â24.4 C), inflorescences may not initiate. If you have difficulty flowering these phalaenopsis, give them cool conditions in the fall until you see flower spikes developing. ","spans":[{"start":165,"end":173,"type":"em"},{"start":175,"end":184,"type":"em"},{"start":189,"end":201,"type":"em"},{"start":825,"end":837,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Graphical representation of the day-night temperature differential for two species in this group of Phalaenopsis. Flower initiation begins in the fall as the temperature difference exceeds 15 F (8.3 C).","spans":[{"start":104,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X2bh8WN-LVjzS_image-why-p2-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1378,"height":810},"id":"aD9X2bh8WN-LVjzS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A word of advice regarding Phalaenopsis schilleriana and cool temperatures. Although this species requires conditions described previously, it is less tolerant than the others in the group and may defoliate if exposed to night temperatures below about 60 F (15.5 C). When this happens, the foliage will take on a reddish hue, eventually yellowing before dropping off. The plants themselves will recover if not too badly damaged.","spans":[{"start":27,"end":52,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Graphical representation of the number of clear days in each month in the habitat of Phalaenopsis bellina.","spans":[{"start":89,"end":109,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X2Lh8WN-LVjzR_image-why-p2-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1380,"height":814},"id":"aD9X2Lh8WN-LVjzR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"NOVELTY PHALAENOPSIS This group includes species such as violacea, bellina, amboinensis, lueddemanniana and their hybrid lines. These plants tend to produce shorter inflorescences, often branched, carrying few flowers at a time. They are not at all dependent on temperatures to flower and, in fact, often flower during the warm summer months, and large plants can flower year-round. They appear to be brought into flower by a combination of warm temperatures and bright light, although the species and simple hybrids may be somewhat dependent on seasonal day length. Give these novelty phalaenopsis light and warmth, and they will flower when they have sufficient reserves to do so.","spans":[{"start":59,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":69,"end":76,"type":"em"},{"start":78,"end":89,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":105,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Phalaenopsis lobbii âFajenâs Hat-tr
998ickâ AM/AOS (grower: Fajenâs Orchids). This third group of Phalaenopsis a native to habitats that experience cool to cold, dry winters and may become deciduous.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":98,"end":110,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X17h8WN-LVjzQ_image-why-p2-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1376,"height":1168},"id":"aD9X17h8WN-LVjzQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DRY WINTER REST The third group of Phalaenopsis, also considered to be novelties, is much smaller than the others. This group includes species such as lobbii, parishii, wilsonii, taenilis and appendiculata. These species are found in seasonally dry climates of northern India, Burma, Thailand, northern Laos and Vietnam and southern China, and can be deciduous if kept sufficiently cool and dry during the winter. Plants need a decidedly cool, dry winter rest and usually flower during the dry season from November to February or March. Their habitat can be exceptionally dry and cool. For example, the habitat of Phal. lobbii experiences a period of four months (Novemberâ February) when rainfall never exceeds 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) per month. Compare that to July and August when rainfall exceeds 32 inches (81.3 cm)! During that same NovemberâFebruary period, daytime temperatures average 71â79 F (21.7â26.1 C) and nights can average as low as 47 F (8.3C), not exactly what we think of as Phalaenopsis conditions.","spans":[{"start":37,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":153,"end":159,"type":"em"},{"start":161,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":171,"end":179,"type":"em"},{"start":181,"end":189,"type":"em"},{"start":194,"end":207,"type":"em"},{"start":616,"end":628,"type":"em"},{"start":991,"end":1003,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Graphical representation of the temperatures and rainfall by month in the habitat of Phal. lobbii. Note how cool and dry winter is on average.","spans":[{"start":89,"end":101,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aD9X1Lh8WN-LVjzP_image-why-p2-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1380,"height":822},"id":"aD9X1Lh8WN-LVjzP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Next month, Cymbidium triggers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ron McHatton, AOS Chief Education and Science Officer (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":82,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":81,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aDgwihIAACEAsMYb","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-june-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-06-03T14:09:23+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"ba8d5f7a-e466-4819-908f-4e5ca9b6d0c4","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 2: Phalaenopsis","MetaDescription":"This is the second in a series of articles that explore the conditions critical to inducing orchids to flower. This installment looks at the genus Phalaenopsis, discussing the differences in floral triggers between the three main groups of species and hybrids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aBJDsREAACIABbKH","uid":"cymbidium-goeringii-essential-tips-for-success","url":"/orchids/articles/cymbidium-goeringii-essential-tips-for-success","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aBJDsREAACIABbKH%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:57+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:57+0000","slugs":["cymbidium-goeringii-essential-tips-for-success"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cymbidium goeringii: Essential Tips for Success","Author":"Jaesun Ma","ArticleDate":"2025-05-12","Summary":"Cymbidium goeringii has been grown for centuries, rivaling Vanda falcata, but with the exception of a few growers, the essential conditions necessary to produce the best growth and flowering are not well understood. Jaesun Ma specializes in cultivars of this species and shares his expertise.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"CYMBIDIUM GOERINGII is particularly beloved by many East Asian orchid enthusiasts. These unifloral, ensiformâleaved orchids symbolize nobility and dignity, which makes them popular as gifts while also showcasing aesthetic beauty in their unique colors and shapes in both flower and leaf. In particular, Cymbidium goeringii âCheonâjong,â meaning âheavenly seed,â is one of the most acclaimed varieties among orchid lovers in South Korea, China, and Japan. Unlike the wild type, this cultivar features shorter leaves and rounded sepals and petals with striking golden stripes, which induced some orchid lovers to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars during its peak popularity. Although general orchid care guidelines from the American Orchid Society are still applicable, cultivating Cymbidium goeringii in cooler climates requires attention to several key practices for success.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":303,"end":322,"type":"em"},{"start":783,"end":802,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cymbidium goeringii âCheonâjongâ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8iPIqRLdaBwh2_image-cymbidium-goeringii-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":551,"height":685},"id":"aBI8iPIqRLdaBwh2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING MEDIUM Successful ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cymbidium goeringii cultivation begins with selecting the proper potting medium. The medium should be lightweight, pHâneutral, moistureâretentive and wellâdraining with good aeration. Among many options, a mixture of volcanic stones fulfills these requirements, typically comprising 50 percent Hyuga pumice, 30 percent Kanuma soil and 20 percent perlite and hard pumice. The
998se granular materials are porous, stable and available in customizable particle sizes: fine grain (0.04â0.12 inches [1â3 mm]), small grain (0.12â0.24 inches [3â6 mm]), medium grain (0.31â0.59 inches [8â15 mm]) and large grain (0.47â0.98 inches [12â25 mm]). Before using the soil, rinse it to remove fine dust and impurities that could block drainage or aeration. When potting, position the pseudobulb base level with the potâs top rim. Layer large, medium and small grains in descending order from bottom to top, then create a small mound around the pseudobulb using fine grains. This structure promotes efficient drainage and uniform drying along the height. The small mound on top also enables better moisture control, which will be discussed later.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Although black orchid pots are the most common, translucent pots such as this one allow the grower to easily see the three grainâsize layers in the pot and the mound on top.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8ivIqRLdaBwh3_image-cymbidium-goeringii-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":549,"height":722},"id":"aBI8ivIqRLdaBwh3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Healthy plant growth relies on adequate light for photosynthesis, which requires a balance of light, water and air. Allow your Cymbidium goeringii to receive as much sunlight as possible yearâround, provided temperatures remain below 104 F (40 C). If temperatures exceed 104 F (40 C) in summer, partially shade the plants to minimize the loss of photosynthesis efficiency. Many growers hesitate to provide direct sunlight due to the fear of lightâinduced burns on leaves. However, I believe most leaf damage results from underlying disease rather than sunlight exposure, as long as plants are acclimated to high light levels slowly. When a Cymbidium goeringii was intentionally exposed to excessive sunlight, sunlightâinduced burning typically began with chlorophyll bleaching, where leaves faded from deep green to pale green. Near latitudes around 35 degrees (a line in the US running from just north of Santa Maria, California, through Texas and along the GeorgiaâNorth Carolina border), Cymbidium goeringii rarely experiences leaf burns, even in hot summers, if this shading technique is followed. Cymbidiums exposed to ample sunlight develop tougher, thicker and shorter leaves that arch gracefully â an aesthetically preferred feature among enthusiasts.","spans":[{"start":127,"end":146,"type":"em"},{"start":640,"end":659,"type":"em"},{"start":991,"end":1010,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Watering with a fine spray.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8ivIqRLdaBwh4_image-cymbidium-goeringii-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":414,"height":646},"id":"aBI8ivIqRLdaBwh4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AIR CIRCULATION ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Proper air circulation is another essential element in successful Cymbidium goeringii cultivation. Air circulation reduces the risk of overwatering and consequent disease. Since Cymbidium goeringii roots tend to be denser in pots compared to other species, stagnant air can easily trigger fungal and bacterial infections. Continuous gentle airflow is recommended, even though it accelerates moisture loss. On windy days, open greenhouse windows to allow natural airflow; on calmer days, use fans for ventilation. To optimize air circulation, keep upper windows closed and lower windows open to create an upward draft. Avoid pointing fans directly at the plants, as strong winds can force stomata to close, limiting carbon dioxide absorption. Close windows and turn off fans only when outdoor temperatures drop below freezing, 32 F (0 C), but periodically exchange air to remove fungal spores, bacteria and mold.","spans":[{"start":66,"end":85,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":197,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] An unnamed Cymbidium goeringii cultivar showing chlorophyll bleaching and sunlightâburned leaves due to intentionally excessive light exposure.","spans":[{"start":15,"end":34,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8i_IqRLdaBwh5_image-cymbidium-goeringii-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":415,"height":646},"id":"aBI8i_IqRLdaBwh5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WATERING ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Watering is one of the most challenging aspects of Cymbidium goeringii care, as improper watering is a common cause of orchid mortality. The November 2024 issue of Orchids, the AOS magazine, emphasizes this issue. Cymbidium goeringii requires its medium to remain moist but not soggy, with pseudobulbs maintaining mild humidity between waterings. To meet this requirement, build the potting structure as described earlier. Water thoroughly by soaking the pot for at least 10 seconds with a fine spray. Monitor moisture levels by lifting the pot to assess its weight. The top mound will dry first, turning lighter in color, while the interior retains moisture. At this point, lightly mist the top mound to prevent the pseudobulb from drying completely. Ensure that misted water remains on the top mound and does not flow down into the pot interior. Repeat this practice until the interior dries enough to require thorough watering. Adjust the frequency based on light and air circulation, and avoid thorough watering during rainy or freezing weather. Misting alone may suffice in such conditions. With ample sunlight and consistent airflow, Cymbidium goeringii may need more frequent watering than other species, but diligence is required to balance humidity and avoid overwatering.","spans":[{"start":51,"end":71,"type":"em"},{"start":164,"end":171,"type":"em"},{"start":214,"end":233,"type":"em"},{"start":1140,"end":1159,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Cymbidium goeringii âCheonâjongâ after proper dormancy. Note the plump pseudobulbs and clean, hardened roots.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8jfIqRLdaBwh6_image-cymbidium-goeringii-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":416,"height":542},"id":"aBI8jfIqRLdaBwh6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Temperature is the most critical aspect of the growth cycle of Cymbidium goeringii but often requires the least intervention by the grower who lives near the latitude of Nashville, Tennessee and Raleigh, North Carolina. Allow your plants to adapt to their natural environment. They will adju
998st by modifying leaf length, width, and other characteristics. During the fall, temperatures will fluctuate between 35â75 F (2â24 C) during the day, while during winter they range from 20â45 F (â7â7 C). This gradual drop in temperature, with fluctuations throughout the day, is particularly crucial for Cymbidium goeringii. During this period, Cymbidium goeringii growth slows and the plants prepare for winter by producing antifreeze compounds such as carbohydrates, dehydrins and lipids. These compounds accumulate as temperature variations deepen and extend, which is crucial for flower spike development. Allow Cymbidium goeringii to adapt naturally to temperature fluctuations, intervening ONLY if temperatures drop below freezing. Sudden shifts should be avoided to prevent damage. During winter dormancy, the plants cease growth altogether and strengthen themselves for the next growing season. Without this period, inflorescences and growth may suffer.","spans":[{"start":63,"end":82,"type":"em"},{"start":594,"end":613,"type":"em"},{"start":635,"end":654,"type":"em"},{"start":906,"end":925,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] A section of root from a Cymbidium goeringii that underwent a proper dormancy period. Note the inner tissue is full of carbohydrates and lipids eventhough the outer surface suffered from a fungal infection (inset). The inner tissue remained unaffected and unpenetrated by the infection.","spans":[{"start":29,"end":48,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8jvIqRLdaBwh7_image-cymbidium-goeringii-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":413,"height":543},"id":"aBI8jvIqRLdaBwh7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REPOTTING ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cymbidium goeringii requires regular repotting for healthy growth and blooming. The AOS website recommends repotting every two to three years, but more frequent repotting benefits propagation and overall health. Repotting twice a year â once in the spring and once in the fall â is advisable. Before the active growth season, ensure sufficient space in the potting medium for root expansion. Replace broken and compacted medium with fresh material and inspect roots and pseudobulbs for infections. During fall repotting, check the plantâs overall health and plan for blooming and propagation. Remove dried sheaths, spent leaves and debris to prevent infections. Use small, flexible tools like interdental or mascara brushes to clean around pseudobulbs without causing damage. While frequent repotting may cause temporary disruption, the longâterm benefits for propagation and health outweigh the drawbacks.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7]âThe author in his greenhouse..","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBI8j_IqRLdaBwh8_image-cymbidium-goeringii-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":413,"height":553},"id":"aBI8j_IqRLdaBwh8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To conclude, the love and affection we share with orchids go beyond simple admiration. They form the cornerstone of a fulfilling and enriching bond that uplifts both grower and plant. However, in todayâs fastâpaced world, it is easy to inadvertently provide excessive care, mistakenly believing it to be an expression of our devotion. This overâintervention, such as unnecessary watering or excessive use of heaters particularly during dormant seasons, can sometimes hinder rather than help. Cymbidium goeringii thrives when allowed to follow its natural rhythms, particularly during fall and winter. Providing a wellâaerated potting medium, maintaining moderate humidity levels and ensuring proper airflow are essential, but they must be complemented by restraint in colder months. Let your Cymbidium goeringii experience temperature fluctuations, as these conditions promote dormancy and prepare them for vibrant growth in the coming season. By combining thoughtful care with an appreciation for their natural processes, we foster not only the growth of our orchids, but also a deeper connection with the quiet resilience of nature itself.","spans":[{"start":492,"end":511,"type":"em"},{"start":792,"end":811,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jaesun Ma has been dedicated to cultivating East Asian Cymbidium goeringii since 2015. He currently has about 600 pots in cultivation and is actively sharing his âample sunlight in a cooler environmentâ cultivation strategy (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":57,"type":"em"},{"start":76,"end":266,"type":"em"},{"start":234,"end":264,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aBC9MREAAB4AZ_7o","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-may-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:12+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:12+0000","uid":"orchids-may-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"895e7cf2-a16d-4664-8da6-47b6c3df5b11","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Cymbidium goeringii: Essential Tips for Success","MetaDescription":"Cymbidium goeringii has been grown for centuries, rivaling Vanda falcata, but with the exception of a few growers, the essential conditions necessary to produce the best growth and flowering are not well understood. Jaesun Ma specializes in cultivars of this species and shares his expertise.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aBMWuxEAACAABtiH","uid":"why-will-it-not-bloom-part-1-general-considerations","url":"/orchids/articles/why-will-it-not-bloom-part-1-general-considerations","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aBMWuxEAACAABtiH%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-05-19T03:43:15+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-05-19T15:17:18+0000","slugs":["why-will-it-not-bloom-part-1-general-considerations"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg_v094n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aBC-UfIqRLdaBtMg","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 1: General Considerations","Author":"Ron McHatton","ArticleDate":"2025-05-01","Summary":"This is the first in a series of articles that explore the conditions critical to inducing orchids to flower. This installment looks at the general conditions of maturity and nutrient reserves and surveys the environmental factors that varies by genus. Subsequent installments will investigate specific genera and their individual requirements.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Over the next couple of months, weâll look into the factors that facilitate (or hinder) flowering in a number of the orchids we grow and, spoiler alert, it has almost nothing to do with fertilizer. Even without fertilizer, plants that are sufficiently mature enough to flower can be brought into flower.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In general, there are two main components needed to help make our plants bloom. The first is an energy reserve. Plants that do not have sufficient energy to flower, will not flower! They need to be big enough and have some extra reserve energy, otherwise they expend what energy they have in growing or, in some cases, just surviving. The second component is an extensive collection of environmental factors that plants have evolved to trigger flowering at appropriate times in their natural habitat. Some of these, such as day length, can be mitigated by the creation of hybrids that have ancestors with different blooming seasons, while others can be much harder to overcome. These are the things we need to address in the plants we grow.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Fertilizer â amount, frequency, and type â is one of the least important factors in blooming orchids. None of the plants on this bench has ever been fertilized, and the oldest plants are at least 15 years old. They will not win awards but continue to grow and flower every year.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRHfIqRLdaBx3m_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":399},"id":"aBMRHfIqRLdaBx3m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"First, ask if your plant is physically mature enough to bloom. In seedlings, most of their energy is spent on growth, and a little on maintenance. In nearblooming-sized (NBS) plants, significant energy will still be spent on growth, but they are beginning to build a little reproductive reserve. Blooming-sized (BS) plants have yet more reproductive reserve, while specimen plants often have both lots of growth potential and reproductive reserve. So-called NBS plants do not all have the capacity to flower. Only about 10â15% of these are strong enough to bloom in the first year. About 50%+/- will bloom in the second year, and most can be expected to have flowered by the end of the third year. It is a good idea to mark your tag with the year you bought the plant so you can keep track of this. In monopodial orchids, you need a sufficiently mature stem to even have the potential to bloom. For instance, in Phalaenopsis, the first inflorescence almost always comes from the fifth or sixth mature leaf axil (do not count the most recently emerging leaf).","spans":[{"start":912,"end":924,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âReprinted from the article by Ray Barkalow entitled âMaking Plants Bloomâ (Orchids 89(5):346 347) graphically illustrates that, as a plant grows, its acquisition of total resources increases, and the amount utilized to maintain existing growth (mauve) increases proportionally. Resources committed to growth (green) are a significant fraction of the total early on but decrease in proportion to the total as the plant matures, allowing the resources committed to blooming and reproduction (red) to increase significantly.","spans":[{"start":79,"end":86,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRHvIqRLdaBx3n_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":590},"id":"aBMRHvIqRLdaBx3n","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Roots are critical to providing the copious water our plants need to grow! Water does not kill roots, but lack of air exch
998ange does. If you do not believe that, look at the cattleya backbulb propagation pictured here. I root all my cattleya backbulbs in standing water. It is almost foolproof, and they do not rot as long as there is ample surface area for gas exchange and the water does not become stagnant. If you have stagnant, wet potting mix with no air exchange the roots will rot. A strong root system means more efficient uptake of water, which leads to more efficient nutrient utilization and growth. More efficient water uptake means more energy to spend on flowering. Learn to grow good root systems! Check the root system of newly acquired plants by gently removing them from their pots. Be sure to give your plants enough water. Too often, plants do not get enough because people are afraid to overwater. This dehydration stresses plants, and they will not flower under those conditions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âReprinted from the article by Ray Barkalow entitled âMaking Plants Bloomâ (Orchids 89(5):346 347) graphically illustrates that with poor culture, the acquisition of resources may be reduced, but the expenditure of them to maintain the health of the plant is unchanged. The resources expended on new growth are also reduced, but the net result is that there is less available for reproduction, reducing blooming.","spans":[{"start":79,"end":86,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRH_IqRLdaBx3o_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":885,"height":598},"id":"aBMRH_IqRLdaBx3o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Why does a physically mature plant fail to flower? This usually happens when you are not providing one or more environmental factors that the plant needs.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] After exhausting other efforts to save her Cattleya labiata f. coerulea âNatural Worldâ AM/ AOS, Birute Anne Vileisis successfully salvaged the last remnant by sprouting and rooting it in water.","spans":[{"start":47,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":67,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRIfIqRLdaBx3p_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":442,"height":352},"id":"aBMRIfIqRLdaBx3p","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURE ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The diurnal variation between day and night temperatures is important. Absolute day or night temperatures are also a factor. Some orchids need a period of low temperatures, typically at night, to induce flowering. Without this temperature requirement being met, the plant will not flower.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5]âThis young Phalaenopsis is too young to bloom. First inflorescences almost always come from the fifth or sixth mature leaf axil. These leaves in this example have not reached maturity, and the plant could likely flower after another growing season. Note that leaf #2 has been lost, but the remnant leaf base can be seen behind the root.","spans":[{"start":15,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRI_IqRLdaBx3q_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":665,"height":690},"id":"aBMRI_IqRLdaBx3q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DAY LENGTH CHANGES ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some orchids are critically dependent on the natural changes in day length (and night length) across the year. Plants that naturally bloom only in the spring are typically responding to having passed the shortest daylight of the year, and the days are getting longer. Fall bloomers are just the opposite of that. This happens in many cattleyas, especially species and simple hybrids. It is easy growing under lights to fail to provide these changes and the result may be plants not blooming.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT LEVEL VARIATION ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Seasonal variation in light levels can also be a required environmental trigger for some plants. The summer sun is more intense than the winter sun, thus providing an additional trigger for blooming. Many plants from monsoonal climates are brought into flowering just before or just after the monsoons â often directly related to changes in light level.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WATER AVAILABILITY ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants from climates with a pronounced dry period evolve to need that dry rest to flower well. Many deciduous dendrobiums flower poorly or not at all if not provided a very dry, often cool rest period. It is not just orchids. The South African Rain Bush (Myrothamnus flabellifolius) has the uncanny ability to flower two or three days before rains come. The reason for this is not well understood, but it is clear that the plant is reacting to some change in its environment.","spans":[{"start":255,"end":281,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LEFT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some orchids are adapted to flowering following a significant increase in the day-night temperature differential and a drop in the absolute night temperature. These data represent the habitats of Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium lindleyi, both of which are brought into bloom following day temperatures below 80 F (27.7 C), nights below 50 F (10 C), and, importantly, a day-night differential greater than 25 F (13.9 C).","spans":[{"start":196,"end":213,"type":"em"},{"start":218,"end":237,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRJPIqRLdaBx3r_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-left-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":707,"height":420},"id":"aBMRJPIqRLdaBx3r","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RIGHT ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Daylength variation across the year varies dramatically with increasing latitude. Orchids from habitats north and south of the equator may have a strong seasonal adaptation with regard to flowering.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRJvIqRLdaBx3t_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-right-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":705,"he
998ight":415},"id":"aBMRJvIqRLdaBx3t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LEFT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Flowering in some orchids depends on an increase in light intensity or the number of clear days in a month. Flowering in Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium lindleyi not only depends on day/night temperature changes but also on light intensity (flowering occurs during the clearest time of the year).","spans":[{"start":121,"end":138,"type":"em"},{"start":143,"end":162,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRJfIqRLdaBx3s_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-left-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":706,"height":424},"id":"aBMRJfIqRLdaBx3s","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RIGHT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Water availability can also be a triggering factor in the flowering of some orchids. The flowering season for Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium lindleyi occurs not only during the brightest and coolest time of the year, but also during the driest, when little to no rain falls in their native habitats.","spans":[{"start":110,"end":127,"type":"em"},{"start":132,"end":151,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aBMRJ_IqRLdaBx3u_image-why-will-it-not-bloom-right-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":701,"height":423},"id":"aBMRJ_IqRLdaBx3u","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"How do I mix and match these variables to get my plants to bloom? This is where knowing the names of the plants you are trying to grow can be important. Is it a species or hybrid? Suppose the name that follows the genus is all lowercase. In that case, it tells you it is a species, while names that begin with capital letters designate hybrids (Cattleya labiata versus Cattleya Gertrude Hausermann). Once you know the name, you can research the species habitat and blooming seasons (if it is a hybrid, you can determine the species that make up its background and then research those species). So, if you determine that your orchid is a winter-blooming purple cattleya, it is, most likely, going to be brought into bloom triggered by the progression of days getting shorter through the winter solstice. A spring-blooming Cattleya would be triggered by the days getting longer after the winter solstice.","spans":[{"start":345,"end":361,"type":"em"},{"start":369,"end":378,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Next month, we will look at the environmental triggers involved in flowering some of the more common genera in cultivation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ron McHatton, Chief Education and Science Officer, Editor (email:[email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":67,"end":84,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"aBC9MREAAB4AZ_7o","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-may-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:12+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-30T18:47:12+0000","uid":"orchids-may-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"041b78ed-ecbd-4c8c-82fc-40d38479a8fd","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Why Will It Not Bloom, Part 1: General Considerations","MetaDescription":"This is the first in a series of articles that explore the conditions critical to inducing orchids to flower. This installment looks at the general conditions of maturity and nutrient reserves and surveys the environmental factors that varies by genus. Subsequent installments will investigate specific genera and their individual requirements.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"Z-pwehEAACIA0KWR","uid":"collectors-item-dactylorhiza","url":"/orchids/articles/collectors-item-dactylorhiza","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z-pwehEAACIA0KWR%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-04-03T01:09:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-04T01:30:18+0000","slugs":["collectors-item---dactylorhiza"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Collector's Item - Dactylorhiza","Author":"Charles Wilson","ArticleDate":"2025-04-01","Summary":"Commonly called marsh orchids, these often fancifully colored terrestrial orchids thrive under cool, moist conditions.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"OF THE HUNDREDS of terrestrial orchid species found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere (northern USA, Canada and Alaska through northern Asia to Europe and even northern Africa), some of the most adaptable to the home garden are members of the genus Dactylorhiza (meaning: dactyla = finger; rhiza = root). These âfinger-rootedâ orchids are more frequently called âmarsh orchidsâ because of their need for a constant source of moisture (not flooded, but certainly moist). The currently 146 species recognized today by Plants of the World Online (POWO 2025) are often divided into seven or more subgroups based on somewhat obscure differentiations, but all are beautiful and produce abundant flowers.","spans":[{"start":260,"end":273,"type":"em"},{"start":283,"end":291,"type":"em"},{"start":301,"end":307,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Dactylorhyza maculata subsp. fuchsii with its spotted foliage naturalized in the authorâs backyard in Oregon. Photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":33,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzNXdAxsiBwHWQ_image-dactylorhiza-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":547,"height":750},"id":"Z-pzNXdAxsiBwHWQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Given the essentially worldwide range of the genus, it should be no surprise that there are some important cultural differences among the species. The grower should always investigate, especially given that some species may benefit from the addition of calcareous materials, providing a higher base pH, and others prefer lower, more acidic conditions. This is a prolific genus that naturally and easily hybridizes in the wild, which can create havoc for accurate identification. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Most species are believed to be pollinated by marsh flies, tiny Diptera types that frequent the often boggy-like conditions where Dactylorhiza are found. While only four species of Dactylorhiza are reportedly fragrant to humans, they most likely all produce pheromone
998s that smell faintly like carrion, which the marsh flies find attractive. ","spans":[{"start":64,"end":72,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":143,"type":"em"},{"start":181,"end":194,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Dactylorhiza majalis with the major floral parts labeled for reference.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzM3dAxsiBwHWP_image-dactylorhiza-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":642,"height":757},"id":"Z-pzM3dAxsiBwHWP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Singular unbranched but densely flowered inflorescences to 3 feet (1 m) surrounded by attractive basal leaves emerge in the spring from the top of the largest bulb. Many of the species have attractively purple-spotted foliage that visually anchors the upright inflorescence. Although the individual flowers may be less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, they are abundant, with as many as 40 or more densely arrayed on each upright spike. All can form impressive floriferous clumps whether grown in pots or naturalized in the garden. Flowers range in color from light lavender with various spotted and striped purple markings to fully saturated pink to purple.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dactylorhiza was, for many years, considered part of the genus Orchis, but more recently have been broken out as a separate genus based primarily on the palmate or tapering, fingerlike shape of the tubers, distinctive from the genus Orchis. Like many of the terrestrial orchids of Europe, legends emerged to explain and apply their shapes according to the âdoctrine of signatures,â which ascribes medicinal benefit applications based on the shape of the plant. Plant parts that resemble, in shape, various organs of the human body were often prescribed to treat associated maladies. Most famous historically is the use of the tubers of the genus Orchis to treat issues of masculinity and male fertility. Similarly, it was believed that the tubers of Dactylorhiza, if taken on the morning of Saint Johnâs Eve (about June 24) and planted at the homeâs threshold the same day, the âevil eyeâ could be avoided as well as perhaps other witchesâ spells.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":63,"end":69,"type":"em"},{"start":233,"end":239,"type":"em"},{"start":646,"end":652,"type":"em"},{"start":750,"end":762,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although not commonly seen for sale at orchid shows, multiple sources can be found by searching online. Something new for the determined orchid grower!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dactylorhiza purpurella âMello Spiritâ CHM/AOS produced 64 flowers and buds on one compact inflorescence.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzMHdAxsiBwHWN_image-dactylorhiza-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":399,"height":671},"id":"Z-pzMHdAxsiBwHWN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT LEVELS In the outdoor garden, Dactylorhiza thrive in the sunny morning but also need afternoon lightly shaded conditions to minimize heating. Light levels and temperatures are integrally connected. Dactylorhiza can generally withstand higher light levels provided there are reduced temperatures, ample air movement and sufficient soil moisture and humidity to ameliorate the heat stress.","spans":[{"start":36,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":204,"end":217,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Dactylorhiza majalis âMajor Hot Lipsâ CBR/AOS grown by Doug and Beth Martin.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzLndAxsiBwHWL_image-dactylorhiza-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":400,"height":297},"id":"Z-pzLndAxsiBwHWL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURES The vast majority of Dactylorhiza are considered âfrost tolerantâ and can easily survive freezing temperatures down to 20 F (-7 C). The greater challenge appears to be their intolerance of heat, generally not thriving well in the outdoor garden when temperatures exceed 90 F (32 C) for long periods of time. Shady well-draining areas are a bonus to growing them. Growing indoors under lights is another option, but decidedly cooler temperatures will be appreciated during the winter months to simulate their natural growing conditions.","spans":[{"start":34,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Dactylorhiza maculata âTridentâs Centennialâ CHM/AOS grown by Wilford B. Neptune, MD.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzLXdAxsiBwHWK_image-dactylorhiza-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":300,"height":692},"id":"Z-pzLXdAxsiBwHWK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING AND WATERING Dactylorhiza prefer a well-draining medium but should be kept moist (not wet) all year, with heavier watering and fertilizer during active growth in the spring and summer. The plants should be potted or planted so that the top of the root mass is about 2â3 inches (5â7.5 cm) below the surface (a bit deeper in colder climates). If grown indoors, consider a standard terrestrial compost of seven parts small bark, one part small charcoal and one part small vermiculate to which is added nine parts of regular potting soil. When plants show signs of dormancy (leaf loss), reduce watering and temperature. Resume watering and fertilizing when new growth emerges. When grown indoors, some growers move them outdoors for the winter and plunge them into the garden or heel them in a protected area. When growth appears in the spring, they can be moved back indoors.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Whether you are fortunate enough to grow these orchids in your garden or in pots under lights or in a sunroom, where they can grow tall and provide a parade of wonderful flowers, these attractive species are certainly worthy.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Inflorescences of Dactylorhiza majalis can easily surpass 10 inches (26 cm).","spans":[{"start":22,"end":42,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-pzK3dAxsiBwHWI_image-dactylorhiza-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":231,"he
998ight":946},"id":"Z-pzK3dAxsiBwHWI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"âCharles Wilson is the current chair of the Atlanta Judging Center who has been growing orchids for over 45 years. His special interests include Bulbophyllum, Cattleya, Coelogyne, Galeandra, Paphiopedilum, and about everything else, too. He is an active volunteer with the AOS and can be reached at [email protected].","spans":[{"start":1,"end":144,"type":"em"},{"start":206,"end":236,"type":"em"},{"start":238,"end":321,"type":"em"},{"start":299,"end":320,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z-l5LxEAACYARgw5","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-april-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-03-30T17:36:11+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-01T15:29:15+0000","uid":"orchids-april-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"031c7e12-735c-4cbd-9c4f-47c425baaf20","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Collector's Item - Dactylorhiza","MetaDescription":"Commonly called marsh orchids, these often fancifully colored terrestrial orchids thrive under cool, moist conditions.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z-p5lhEAACMA0LLY","uid":"for-the-novice-buying-seedling-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/for-the-novice-buying-seedling-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z-p5lhEAACMA0LLY%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-04-03T01:09:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-04T01:28:37+0000","slugs":["for-the-novice---buying-seedling-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn_v094n04coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z-l4yHdAxsiBwFtn","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"For the Novice - Buying Seedling Orchids","Author":"Sue Bottom","ArticleDate":"2025-04-01","Summary":"Should you buy just one of a cross? When does it make sense to buy several seedlings? Sue Bottom's article gets to the heart of the question.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"SOME PEOPLE ONLY buy orchids in bloom so they can choose which orchid flower they like the best. These plants are usually more expensive because they are mature enough to flower and are often sold in a larger pot. If I see a drop-dead gorgeous flower, I may throw my Scottish heritage to the winds and buy the flowering plant, but more often than not, I can be found at the seedling sales tables, where small plants in 2- to 3-inch (5â7.5 cm) pots are being offered. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âHow do you decide which or how many seedlings to bring home?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-p7ondAxsiBwHeN_image-buying-seedling-orchids-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":912,"height":652},"id":"Z-p7ondAxsiBwHeN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Buying seedling plants in smaller pots is a more cost-effective way of expanding your collection. Of course, you must grow it into a mature size before it will flower well for you, and this is contrary to the instant gratification we often seek. But there is something special about growing a small plant into a large plant and seeing the buds form and the flowers open for the first time.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some people are overwhelmed by trays of seedlings. They are unsure which variety to buy, or which plant they should select. Some reflexively buy one of each seedling offered. Perhaps a more rewarding approach is to evaluate how variable the seedlings may be and buy multiples of the ones that will likely show a spectrum of flower colors, sizes and shapes so you can select the best ones to keep in your collection.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first thing to determine when you are shopping is whether the plant is a mericlone, in which case all the seedlings in the tray are theoretically genetically identical. Mericloning is a tissue culture technique used to mass-produce orchids (and other plants). Meristematic (actively growing) tissues, such as the shoot tips, buds, etc., are cut from a plant and grown using fairly elaborate chemical and mechanical procedures under clean and sterile conditions producing potentially thousands of plants, all identical to the original. If you see a tray of mericlones, you are looking for a healthy, vigorously growing seedling that you can bring home, expecting it to bloom exactly like that sample plant or picture. You only need to buy one.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2â4]âYou can see the open hairy lip from Ctsm. fimbriatum [2] and the wide sepals from Ctsm. saccatum [3] in the primary hybrid Ctsm. Dragonâs Teeth âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS [4].","spans":[{"start":42,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":88,"end":102,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":133,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-p7nXdAxsiBwHeL_image-buying-seedling-orchids-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":445,"height":446},"id":"Z-p7nXdAxsiBwHeL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-p7m3dAxsiBwHeK_image-buying-seedling-orchids-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":450,"height":451},"id":"Z-p7m3dAxsiBwHeK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-p7mndAxsiBwHeJ_image-buying-seedling-orchids-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":450,"height":277},"id":"Z-p7mndAxsiBwHeJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In nature, populations of orchids readily interbreed, thanks to their pollinators, producing variations in the color, shape, size, etc. in the next generation of orchids. This is all too random for the dedicated species breeder who would like nothing better than to improve on Mother Nature. If you see a tray of species seedlings propagated by seed, check whether it is a selfing, a sibbing or an outcross to give you some idea of how much variation you might expect in the offspring. If it is a sib cross, where tw
998o plants from the same seed capsule are interbred, or an outcross, where two cultivars of the species are bred together, the hybridizer was likely line breeding. Line breeding is used to attempt to improve the shape, form, size, color, etc. of the hybrid by using two select forms of the species to produce even better offspring. You would expect a relatively uniform group of progeny. There will undoubtedly be one that has a slightly bigger flower, better shape or more color. You will once again look for a vigorous growth habit, perhaps wider leaves or thicker substance. You might just select one of these from the tray, or if you really like the species, maybe a few to bloom out and select the one you like best as the keeper. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If it is a selfing, where the pollen from a plant is placed on its own stigma to form seeds, either the hybridizer only had one plant to propagate, or the hybridizer is trying to tease out some recessive traits from the parent plant. By recombining the parental genes, you would expect more variation in the offspring than with a sibbing, with a few perhaps that exhibit some recessive trait such as an unusual color. You might select one from the tray, although you might be tempted to buy multiples to see if you can get lucky and find a rare color form.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With hybrids, the degree of variation depends on the parents. Primary hybrids are the product of two interbred species so the offspring get half the genes from the capsule parent and half from the pollen parent. The hybrid seedlings are midway between the parents, with only a little variation such as what you see in your brothers and sisters. Another benefit is they often exhibit hybrid vigor, where the primary hybrid is easier to grow than either of its parents. Species often have evolved to thrive in a unique ecological niche, so the meshing of genes from two species frequently results in plants that can tolerate a broader range of climatic conditions. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Catasetum Orchidglade is a primary hybrid of expansum (left) and pileatum. It was backcrossed to expansum to produce Ctsm. Susan Fuchs (right). Left: Ctsm. expansum âLindaâ; center: Ctsm. Orchidglade âDavie Ranchesâ AM/AOS; right: Ctsm. Susan Fuchs âBurgundy Chipsâ FCC/ AOS. Photographs by Fred Clarke.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":45,"end":54,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":73,"type":"em"},{"start":97,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":117,"end":121,"type":"em"},{"start":150,"end":154,"type":"em"},{"start":156,"end":164,"type":"em"},{"start":164,"end":165,"type":"strong"},{"start":182,"end":186,"type":"em"},{"start":231,"end":235,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z-p7k3dAxsiBwHeF_image-buying-seedling-orchids-Catasetum-Orchidglade.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1340,"height":478},"id":"Z-p7k3dAxsiBwHeF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If one of the primary hybridâs parents is a tetraploid (usually denoted as 4n on the plant tag), it has twice the number of chromosomes as the diploid parent and will have greater influence on the offspring, with the offspring looking more like the tetraploid parent.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If the primary hybrid is then crossed with another cultivar of the same primary hybrid in a sib or outcross, there will be a lot more variation in the offspring compared to a hybrid between the two species. The genes will sort differently so the progeny will be more variable, looking more like the capsule or the pollen parent or anywhere in between. As Courtney Hackney explains in American Cattleyas:","spans":[{"start":384,"end":402,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The only hybrids that always contain a specific proportion of chromosomes from one parent are primary hybrids, a cross between two species. They inherit one set from each parent. If two siblings of a primary cross are used to make a hybrid, individual seedlings may contain any combination of chromosomes that originated with either grandparent species from 100% to 0% although the probability for such an extreme event is rare.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":428,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you decide to buy more than one plant, you might select your seedlings based on the plant morphology, selecting one having the widest leaves, one having the tallest growth habit or one having lots of red pigment showing in the leaves if looking for color or no pigment if looking for an alba.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When primary hybrids are crossed with different species or hybrids, the progeny is known as a complex hybrid. The goal of most hybridizing is to blend the desirable characteristics of each parent to produce a plant or flower that is an improvement over either parent. The hybridizer might be trying to combine the flower size from one parent with the flower color from the other parent. After several generations of breeding and crossbreeding, it can be difficult to see the contributions from the various species involved in the hybrid. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The more complex the hybrid, the more variation you expect in the progeny. When you find a seedling you think might be interesting, ask the vendor how variable he expects the offspring to be. You might consider buying multiples of a seedling that strikes your fancy so you can enjoy the variety imparted by the different genes inherited from the parents. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Batchelor, S. 1982. Beginner Series Orchid Culture 11, Nomenclature, and Seedlings âVersusâ Mericlones. American Orchid Society Bulletin 51(1):7â10. ","spans":[{"start":104,"end":136,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Hackney, C.T. 2004. American Cattleyas: Species and Outstanding Clones That Define American Hybridizing. Wilmington, NC: Courtney T. Hackney, p 123â127. ","spans":[{"start":20,"end":115,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Slump, K. 2006. Hybrid Hype, Orchids. 72(4):498â500. ","spans":[{"start":29,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgment ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Thanks to Dr. Courtney Hackney for his critical review and editing of this article, he never fails to improve on the original.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":408,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":406,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z-l5LxEAACYARgw5","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-april-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-03-30T17:36:11+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-01T15:29:15+0000","uid":"orchids-april-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"031c7e12-735c-4cbd-9c4f-47c425baaf20","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"For the Novice - Buying Seedling Orchids","MetaDescription":"Should you buy just one of a cross? When does it make sense to buy several seedlings? 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998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z8M3NhYAACUAm_Y7%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:57:58+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-01T15:48:09+0000","slugs":["where-beauty-and-nature-meet-explorations-in-displaying-orchids-artistically"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Where Beauty and Nature Meet: Explorations in Displaying Orchids Artistically","Author":"Margaret Prat","ArticleDate":"2025-03-01","Summary":"Meet fellow orchid grower, Daniel Kwok, who mounts his orchids in an exceptional manner. He gives many of his orchids mounts that reflect their natural epiphytic or lithophytic growing habit, while also adding beauty. His plants are not only coveted orchids but works of art and he has won American Orchid Society Artistic Certificates for many of his mounts.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"LET ME INTRODUCE you to a fellow orchid grower, Daniel Kwok, who mounts his orchids in an exceptional manner. He started growing orchids in 2011, and at the beginning of his orchid journey, he decided he would give many of his orchids mounts that would reflect their natural epiphytic or lithophytic growing habit, while also adding beauty. Growing in a home setting, the orchids became part of the art displayed, sometimes quite literally, such as the Dendrobium Enobi Purple âSplashâ pictured here. He was always on the lookout for potential mounts and art objects that allow for a 360 view of the orchid, something a slab mount does not allow.","spans":[{"start":453,"end":464,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Dendrobium Enobi Purple âSplashâ AM/AOS mounted on a framed screen.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7eBsAHJWomBc0_image-beauty-and-exploration-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":401,"height":523},"id":"Z8M7eBsAHJWomBc0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] An orange form of Vanda Cherry Blossom grown on a moss ball.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7eRsAHJWomBc1_image-beauty-and-exploration-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":399,"height":525},"id":"Z8M7eRsAHJWomBc1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Daniel felt that the inspiration for growing his orchids more aesthetically came from his extensive travel experiences in Asia during the course of his banking career in Hong Kong. He did not begin growing orchids until his retirement, but he was determined to enhance the beauty of the orchid by its presentation, especially for miniature orchids that do not get a lot of attention on the show table. Generally, he will choose a mount, and then an orchid to suit that particular mount. An example is Trisetella hoeijeri mounted on petrified wood, fixed on a rock.","spans":[{"start":501,"end":520,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Barbosella prorepens","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7ehsAHJWomBc2_image-beauty-and-exploration-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":709},"id":"Z8M7ehsAHJWomBc2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Trisetella hoeijeri mounted on a vertical piece of petrified rock gives the impression of a floating mountain.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7exsAHJWomBc3_image-beauty-and-exploration-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":335,"height":710},"id":"Z8M7exsAHJWomBc3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2014, he displayed his Erycina pusilla in a most original manner, and the AOS judges appreciated his artistry and commended it with an Artistic Certificate âfor originality and applied aesthetic principles.â He was again recognized for his artistry by the AOS judges in 2017. He received an artistic certificate for his âDanâs Avatarâ for a âcharming, whimsical arrangement of three Leptotes bicolor plants mounted on an upright piece of 12-inch (30 cm) high weathered wood standing in a dark brown ceramic bowl,â which had four monkey figurines. The whole composition suggested orchids in the wild.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":41,"type":"em"},{"start":386,"end":402,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although he started with wood mounts, he also works with rocks, shells and many original objects. His artful displays of orchids have graced the Vancouver Orchid Society show table many times and been a delight to the members. Indeed, many botanicals have gotten greater notice with his attention-getting presentation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] This 27.5-inch à 20.5-inch (70 cm à 52 cm) stunning display of Dinema polybulbon earned Kwok an 82 point Artistic Certificate at the Western Canada AOS judging center in January 2025.","spans":[{"start":67,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7fBsAHJWomBc4_image-beauty-and-exploration-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1058,"height":702},"id":"Z8M7fBsAHJWomBc4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] This Vanda Pink Furan (long erroneously considered a straight V. falcata) is grown in the style of a bonsai grown on burlwood.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7fRsAHJWomBc5_image-beauty-and-exploration-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":952,"height":583},"id":"Z8M7fRsAHJWomBc5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Cattleya cernua artfully displayed growing on a piece of freshwater driftwood.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7fhsAHJWomBc6_image-beauty-and-exploration-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":898,"height":747},"id":"Z8M7fhsAHJWomBc6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Leptotes bicolor âDanâs Avatarâ AC/AOS","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7fxsAHJWomBc7_image-beauty-and-exploration-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":402,"height":592},"id":"Z8M7fxsAHJWomBc7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Daniel is always on the lookout for original materials to use for displaying orchids and he offered the following advice:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"1. Ideally, the mount should be porous. The following are suitable: freshwater driftwoo
998d, burlwood and heartwood (of hardwoods), lava rock, sandstone, and petrified coral. With all wood, it needs to cure for a year after being cleaned, and hydrogen peroxide used before attaching the orchid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"2. Cracks, holes and divots in any chosen mount allow water to remain and favor a successful mounting experiment. Thus oyster shells are suitable.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"3. The surface of the mounting material should be rough enough for good root attachment. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"4. Clear fishing line, 8-lb (3.6 kg) weight, is ideal for the initial attachment of the orchid. It is unobstrusive, long- lasting and strong enough not to break.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"5. A small amount of New Zealand sphagnum moss is necessary to encourage initial root growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"6. Avoid the following materials that might look promising: cholla wood, bamboo, and termite-riddled wood. In Daniel Kwokâs experience, orchids do not thrive with these woods.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To establish and maintain these mounted orchids in the home environment, it is necessary to spray the orchids every day, maintain higher humidity by putting the orchid on a decorative tray with water, and have an oscillating fan to keep the air buoyant. Grouping orchids together in the home environment also helps to raise the humidity level. A good fertilizing program rounds out the usual good orchid care. An indication that orchids are happy in their new mount is the growth of natural moss.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Daniel Kwok has adapted the idea of a jungle log to more whimsical settings. In the example pictured, he placed the Olla spike in the center of a heart wire frame, covered the main body of the heart with plastic mesh, filled the body of the frame with large perlite mixed with New Zealand sphagnum moss, and covered the frame with sheet moss. The water spike needs to be filled every day, but otherwise the setup is low maintenance, and small orchids love the constant moisture and good air at their roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9â10, 12â13] From beginning design concept to actively growing mounted plant:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] basic artform chosen and clay water reservoir attached","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7gBsAHJWomBc8_image-beauty-and-exploration-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":401,"height":547},"id":"Z8M7gBsAHJWomBc8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] screening in place to hold water-retentive central core","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7gRsAHJWomBc9_image-beauty-and-exploration-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":402,"height":547},"id":"Z8M7gRsAHJWomBc9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] central core filled with a mixture of very large perlite and sphagnum moss","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7gxsAHJWomBc__image-beauty-and-exploration-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":402,"height":543},"id":"Z8M7gxsAHJWomBc_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Maxillaria sophronitis at home in its constantly moist mounting.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7hBsAHJWomBdA_image-beauty-and-exploration-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":398,"height":541},"id":"Z8M7hBsAHJWomBdA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By making the orchids a part of a larger aesthetic display, Daniel Kwokâs creations have a naturalistic elegance, with a Zen inspiration. Other growers may want to explore their own innovative ways of displaying their orchids.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Phalaenopsis Sogo Pony mounted on a scallop shell.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7ghsAHJWomBc-_image-beauty-and-exploration-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":399,"height":452},"id":"Z8M7ghsAHJWomBc-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Bulbophyllum taiwanense growning in a cluster of thoroughly leached barnacle shells.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8M7hRsAHJWomBdB_image-beauty-and-exploration-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":400,"height":609},"id":"Z8M7hRsAHJWomBdB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Margaret Prat is a retired therapist who joined the Vancouver Orchid Society in 2002, and became President of the VOS from 2012â2014. She is a former AOS judge (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":190,"type":"em"},{"start":170,"end":188,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z7_lihYAACMAlzwr","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-march-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","uid":"orchids-march-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"a949de3d-d5f8-49bc-8099-e77084e094fd","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Where Beauty and Nature Meet: Explorations in Displaying Orchids Artistically","MetaDescription":"Meet fellow orchid grower, Daniel Kwok, who mounts his orchids in an exceptional manner. He gives many of his orchids mounts that reflect their natural epiphytic or lithophytic growing habit, while also adding beauty. 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998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z8MtuhYAACYAm-j5%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:57:58+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:57:58+0000","slugs":["how-i-grow---life-beyond-the-greenhouse"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"How I Grow - Life Beyond the Greenhouse","Author":"Marc Better","ArticleDate":"2025-03-01","Summary":"You do not need a greenhouse to grow orchids. Marc Better lays out his experiences in designing a lath structure for his collection.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE ORCHID OBSESSION grew slowly. I bought a $7.50 Dendrobium in Hawaii, and as that plant grew into a monster over many years, I was hooked. Eventually, I needed a greenhouse for plants that did not fit in trees or pots along the patio. An inexpensive greenhouse of PVC tubing and a plastic cover eventually gave way to a more classic and sturdy design of aluminum and double-walled polycarbonate. As life took me from Los Angeles to the San Francisco Bay area and back over 20 years, orchids in three separate greenhouses provided a tranquil oasis from an otherwise stressful world. Like other hobbyists, I navigated the world of evaporative coolers, thermostats, misting systems, water lines, humidistats and heaters to maintain environmental control to support an ever-changing collection. I loved it, but there were constant challenges: electrical outages, water leaks, replacement of aging parts, etc.","spans":[{"start":51,"end":62,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] A quiet side patio provided a wonderful environment for enjoying fresh air, but the layout of hardscape and green areas did not accommodate a lathe house.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwZhsAHJWomBbb_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":695,"height":507},"id":"Z8MwZhsAHJWomBbb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By 2018, a simpler life away from congested Los Angeles had more and more appeal, and the small (by LA standards) coastal town of Ventura, 60 miles (96.6 km) to the west, beckoned. Properties near the beach are small, and the quest began for a home that could accommodate my orchid passion. In practice, that meant finding a south-facing yard with sufficient light. Eventually, I moved into a house with a relatively small 42 ft à 22 ft (12.8 m à 6.7 m) front yard behind a 6 ft (1.8 m) fence that seemed like it could work. That is
998when the transformation to life beyond the greenhouse began.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Unlike my three previous homes, in Ventura, I wanted to cultivate orchids without a greenhouse. I envisioned a lathe house that would harmonize with the small space yet provide appropriate growing conditions for selected plants. The first action item was to change the yardâs hardscape to one that could accommodate an attractive, yet functional lathe house.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] A local cement contractor removed the existing patio and replaced it with a walkway that fit with the plan to construct a lathe house.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwZxsAHJWomBbc_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":695,"height":510},"id":"Z8MwZxsAHJWomBbc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The existing cement patio was replaced with a walkway, allowing sufficient room for the lathe house. Next, I needed a design that would be easy to build and attractive to view because I and everyone else entering the property from the street would see it immediately. Equally important was access to the plants for maintenance and appreciation. After consultation online and in books about greenhouses, I sketched out a design that was 20 feet (6.1 m) long, 21â2 feet deep (0.75 m) and 61â2 feet (2 m) in height. The concept provided easy front access to a plant bench, as well as plants mounted on vertical elements and along the back. I also wanted to limit direct sunlight through the back, sides and roof. In addition, I wanted to ensure that the structure was not visible from the street to limit the number of passersby who might be tempted to investigate on their own. Positioning the structure on an east- to-west axis meant that during most of the day only limited direct sunlight would enter. As it turns out, however, some direct sunlight does enter the front during the longest summer days.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Schematic vision of the 20-foot (6.1 m) lathe house with recommendations for materials.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwaBsAHJWomBbd_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":698,"height":792},"id":"Z8MwaBsAHJWomBbd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I sent my sketch to two local carpenters and eventually began working with one I met on NextDoor. After the existing vegetation was cleared, eight cinder block piers were buried in the ground and a 4-inch à 4-inch (10 cm à 10 cm) redwood frame was bolted in place. Then a horizontal bench was secured at a comfortable 30 inches (0.75 m) above the ground, and the back and top were secured. Included in the design were window boxes on either end that accommodate sun-loving plants without protection under lathe. Laelia superbiens is one such plant that is thriving in these areas. With the frame constructed, a water-repellant wood stain was applied, and wire mesh was positioned along the growing platform.","spans":[{"start":512,"end":529,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"At this point, the growing area was almost complete, but to shade the plants, I purchased custom-cut Aluminet panels (40 percent shade) online with sewn-in grommets to cover the three open front sections. A similar Aluminet panel was ordered for the roof. The front panels are secured to the top horizontal beam, and to access the plants inside, the panels can easily be turned up from hooks on the bottom. The roof panel is secured to the frame; it remains in place from late February to mid-November to reduce sunlight and is removed in winter.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] The lathe house after construction.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwaRsAHJWomBbe_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":697,"height":522},"id":"Z8MwaRsAHJWomBbe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With the lathe structure complete, greenhouse plants were moved to their new home. I was grateful for friends willing to provide homes for some warm growers I kne
998w would not thrive outdoors. Not surprisingly, some plants resented the move outdoors, while others seemed to perk up with fresh air and cooler conditions along the southern California coast. One adjustment was needed before winter arrived, and double-walled polycarbonate panels were installed on the sides, back and roof to keep winter rains at bay. Rain, of course, can blow in any direction, but most severe winter weather in southern California comes with south or southeast winds. With the lathe house situated east to west and open access on the north, the polycarbonate panels do a good job to keep rain out. The original thought was that these panels would be removed during the summer, but it has been useful to keep them in place all year. With the lathe house open only on the front, the air inside stays a bit warmer in this cool coastal location, and when high winds blow through the area, the plants are somewhat protected. The three closed sides may also increase local humidity after watering. The last improvement was to cover the exposed soil underneath with weed cloth followed by attractive, sand-colored river pebbles.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Plants inside the lathe house in the spring. Cattleya intermedia, Cattleya maxima, Cattleya lobata, Leptotes bicolor and assorted hybrids in bloom.","spans":[{"start":49,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":85,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":102,"type":"em"},{"start":104,"end":120,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwahsAHJWomBbf_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1061,"height":697},"id":"Z8MwahsAHJWomBbf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"All in all, I find that with selection for plants that thrive in this relatively cool environment (summer high temperatures often do not exceed 70 F [21.1 C]), such as laelias, cool-tolerant cattleyas, oncidiums, sarchochilus and the like, plants are thriving in this partially controlled environment. To give the plants the best opportunity to prosper, I installed a 20-gallon (75.7 l) reverse-osmosis system nearby and located a hose bib under the latheâs left side. Ventura water is notoriously hard, often with dissolved solids exceeding 1,000 ppm, and I believe many of the plants prefer the pure water. Although some plants would no doubt do better under controlled greenhouse conditions, plants bloom throughout the year, and some prefer the conditions outside with excellent air flow and temperate conditions. To make sure that plants do as well as possible outdoors, it is still essential to attend to plant requirements for fertilizer and occasional pest control, but life beyond the greenhouse also means no more hassle with electrical controls or worries that something will go awry when I am away from home.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] The lathe house with plants inside and Aluminet panels and beach pebbles in place.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8MwaxsAHJWomBbg_image-life-beyond-the-greenhouse-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":697,"height":490},"id":"Z8MwaxsAHJWomBbg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgment","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I would like to thank Birute Anne Vileisis, Ph.D., for encouragement and editorial support for this article.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Marc Better has been growing orchids for almost 40 years. He is a past president of the South Bay Orchid Society and the Southland Orchid Show Committee. He is currently a member of the Ventura Orchid Society and the Malibu Orchid Society, where he is a member of the Board. Marc holds a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and works in the biotechnology industry (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":381,"type":"em"},{"start":360,"end":380,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z7_lihYAACMAlzwr","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-march-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","uid":"orchids-march-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"031c7e12-735c-4cbd-9c4f-47c425baaf20","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"How I Grow - Life Beyond the Greenhouse","MetaDescription":"You do not need a greenhouse to grow orchids. Marc Better lays out his experiences in designing a lath structure for his collection.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z8HZUhYAACcAmgvH","uid":"collectors-item-amesiella-monticola","url":"/orchids/articles/collectors-item-amesiella-monticola","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z8HZUhYAACcAmgvH%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:57:58+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:57:58+0000","slugs":["collectors-item---amesiella-monticola"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP_v094n03coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z7_l1J7c43Q3gSYP","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Collector's Item - Amesiella monticola","Author":"Judith Rapacz-Hasler","ArticleDate":"2025-03-01","Summary":"This fabulous little miniature should be far more common in our orchid collections. These little jewels, endemic to the Philippines produce huge flowers for the size of the plants.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Tribe Vandeae","spans":[{"start":6,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Subtribe Aeridinae","spans":[{"start":9,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Amesiella is endemic to the Philippines.Dr. Rudolf Schlechter proposed the generic epithet, Amesiella, in 1926, but died before it could be published. Dr. Leslie Garay found Schlechterâs unpublished name, and it was duly published in 1972. The epithet honors Professor Oakes Ames, who named many Philippine orchid species in the first half of the 1900s. The type species for this small genus is Amesiella philippinensis. Plants of the World Online (POWO) recognizes three species (May, 2023). The flowers of all three species are white in color. The flowers of the two commonly grown species, Ame. monticola and Ame. philippinensis, are large when compared with the size of the plant. Well-grown plants can produce several inflorescences, making a rather stunning presentation. The third species in the genus is Amesiella minor, known only from the type specimen described in 1999. Amesiella monticola, described in 1998, is a cool-to-warmâgrowing miniature species found on the edges of rainforests in the Central Luzon mountains at elevations between 5,900 and 7,200 feet (1,800â2,200 m). This species is monopodial with leathery, linear to obovate unequally bilobed leaves. It blooms in the winter and spring on up to three short inflorescences with up to five nocturnally fragrant flowers up to about 2.4 inches (6.1 cm) in diameter. Some growers find the fragrance to be reminiscent of Lily of the Valley.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":102,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":405,"end":429,"type":"em"},{"start":603,"end":617,"type":"em"},{"start":622,"end":641,"type":"em"},{"start":822,"end":831,"type":"em"},{"start":832,"end":837,"type":"em"},{"start":892,"end":911,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1â2] Amesiella monticola âJaredâs Choiceâ HCC/AOS carried five 2.3-inch (5.8 cm) flowers and one bud on two inflorescences. Amesiella monticola is distinguished most easily by its very long (relative to flower size) spur. In this individual, the spur was nearly double the diameter of the flowers. Photographs by Jay Norris.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":145,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8HagZ7c43Q3gYWE_image-amesiella-monticola-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":988,"height":1348},"id":"Z8HagZ7c43Q3gYWE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8Hagp7c43Q3gYWF_image-amesiella-monticola-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1120,"height":740},"id":"Z8Hagp7c43Q3gYWF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Amesiella monticola âJaredâs Choiceâ (pictured here) was exhibited by Mario and Conni Ferrusi at the Toronto Center Monthly Judging on December 7, 2013, and received an HCC/AOS of 79 points. Five flowers and one bud were presented on two inflorescences. The sepals, petals and lip are pure white, have a heavy crystalline texture and are heavy in substance. The pale-green spur or nectary, chartreuse apically, is about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) long and curves outward at the bottom.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Amesiella monticola grows on the edges of rainforests in a humid, cool-to-warm environment, preferring cooler weather for blooming. The plant is best grown mounted on a stick with a bit of sphagnum moss to provide moisture and humidity during the warmer summer months. If grown in pots a medium-grade epiphyte mixture and small pots should be used. Provide bright diffuse light, about 1,500 foot-candles, and intermediate to coolâintermediate temperatures (55 F [13 C] minimum during the fall and winter).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants should be watered regularly throughout spring and summer and less frequently during the fall and winter. Established plants benefit from regular applications of dilute fertilizer during the growing season. The plants are somewhat temperamental and should be repotted only during active root growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Amesiella philippinensis âFishing Creekâ CCM/AOS carried 28 flowers on nine inflorescences on a plant consisting of nine mature growths and approximately 11 immature growths in a 4-inch (10 cm) basket. The plant was grown by Stephen Male of Fishing Creek Orchids and photographed by James Osen.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z8Hag57c43Q3gYWG_image-amesiella-monticola-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1122,"height":728},"id":"Z8Hag57c43Q3gYWG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Pfahl, J. 2022. Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia (IOSPE); http://www.orchidspecies.com/amesmoticola.htm. Accessed January 6, 2025.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants of the World Online. 2025. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/. Accessed January 6, 2025.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"https://myorchidcareandresources.wordpress.com/2017/02/05/orchid-of-the-week-amesiella-monticola/","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Judith Rapacz-Hasler is a member of the AOS editorial board. She spends half the year on Floridaâs west coast and the remainder in Europe (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":167,"type":"em"},{"start":148,"end":165,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_self"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z7_lihYAACMAlzwr","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-the-march-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-03-04T03:51:17+0000","uid":"orchids-march-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"f74b49e6-5cf2-4aee-88dc-
998781d1036d744","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Collector's Item - Amesiella monticola","MetaDescription":"This fabulous little miniature should be far more common in our orchid collections. 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Find out why it's called the Cow Horn Orchid.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"With a range from southern Florida to Argentina and Paraguay, it is no surprise that the spectacular cow horn orchid has multiple common names. The genus name, Cyrtopodium, comes from the Greek kyrtos (meaning curved) and podion (referring to the column foot, a downward extension of the column for attaching the lip). The species name punctatum references the spotted and often heavily maculated reddish-brown patterns on the overall mostly greenishyellow flowers. It is also commonly called the dotted orchid. There are about 54 accepted species (Plants of the World Online 2024) in the genus.","spans":[{"start":160,"end":171,"type":"em"},{"start":222,"end":228,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] A well-grown plant in a 10-inch (25 cm) pot can provide an abundance of flowers. The yellow-green base color of the flowers (inset) provides a delightful offset for the rich reddish-brown spots. The sepals are often more heavily marked.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6t115bqstJ9-fVe_image-the-cow-horn-orchid-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1256,"height":1706},"id":"Z6t115bqstJ9-fVe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Blooming occurs in the spring to early summer when the inflorescences emerge at the base of newly growing pseudobulbs. Inflorescences to 4 feet (1.2 m) or more are often branched and may produce as many as 180 dotted blossoms. The number of nearly 2-inch-wide (5 cm) flowers at times may appear to be even grander as the flower bracts that protect the developing buds are equally brightly colored and remain with the flowers after opening. It is also often called the bee swarm orchid, as the magnificent inflorescences wafting in the slightest breeze truly resemble a swarm of Euglossine bees and serves to attract them as their natural pollinator. The name cow horn orchid (or cigar orchid) comes from the shape of its large pseudobulbs or perhaps giant cigars to 3 feet long (90 cm). New pseudobulbs are distally topped with 5â7 plicate leaves to 2 feet (60 cm) long. After having shed their long thin leaves, each pseudobulb remains protected by a persistent bract over each joint ending with a very sharp spike-like tip. Beware! It is advisable to wear sturdy gloves when dividing or repotting.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cyrtopodium punctatum âLynetteâ CCM/AOS, grown by Bill and Darlene Ross, was awarded in 2013 with approximately 900 flowers growing in a 12-inch (30 cm) pot. Photograph by Beth Lamb.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6t12JbqstJ9-fVf_image-the-cow-horn-orchid-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":892,"height":630},"id":"Z6t12JbqstJ9-fVf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT LEVELS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To produce an abundance of their attractive flowers, Cyrtopodium prefer full sun â as many hours as you can provide â and are recorded blooming indoors as far north as Ontario, Canada.","spans":[{"start":53,"end":64,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURES","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cyrtopodium, closely related to cymbidiums, prefer warm temperatures at night, but can easily tolerate minimums down to 50 F (10 C). They reportedly can survive temperatures as low as 30 F (â1 C) for short periods where they naturally range in Florida. Day temperatures may exceed 90 F (32 C) in high light settings but are easily tolerated with high humidity and good air circulation.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":11,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING AND WATERING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cyrtopodiums are handily grown in a standard pot of quick draining bark mix. Regular (and careful) dividing and repotting will keep it in accordance with your growing conditions and available space. Although cyrtopodiums need a regular watering and fertilizer regimen during their active growth period from early spring to fall, it is more important that the potting medium does not become soggy or start to break down. Although many growers consider them heavy feeders, perfect drainage is essential. Waterings should be drastically reduced during the winter after the leaves have been shed, and not resumed until new growth is noted in the spring. It may be that the drier winter conditions help them tolerate cooler temperatures. Like most orchids, they do not tolerate being cold and wet.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although a potential challenge to safely divide and repot, the long-lasting and striking flowers are well worth the space they require.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] The equally brightly colored and marked floral bracts add to the fullness of the inflorescences and may add a greater wind-sail effect for movement in the slightest of breezes to help attract its pollinator, the tropical Euglossine bees.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6t12ZbqstJ9-fVg_image-the-cow-horn-orchid-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":642},"id":"Z6t12ZbqstJ9-fVg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Charles Wilson, the current chair of the Atlanta Judging Center, has been growing orchids for over 45 years. His special interests include Bulbophyllum, Cattleya, Coelogyne, Galeandra, Paphiopedilum and about everything else, too. He is an active volunteer with the AOS and can be reached at zooemeritus@ gmail.com.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":317,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z5h6ahIAACAA26Q_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-february-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-01-29T04:56:34+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-02-03T20:16:37+0000","uid":"orchids-february-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"daabc0f5-f6a4-445e-bc68-7c27531c0779","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"The Cow Horn Orchid","MetaDescription":"Charles Wilson introduces us to Cyrtopodium punctatum and its successful culture. 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When I see specimen plants or large plants come up for sale or for bid in auctions, they get my attention. Both plants came from different auctions held by the Santa Barbara Orchid Estate in Santa Barbara, California. So, one key is to start big and try to grow bigger. Brassavola Crazyarachno is a cross of Brassavola perrinii à Brassavola appendiculata. I have had these plants for about seven years. In September of 2022, I received an AOS Certificate of Cultural Merit (an award that recognizes the growerâs outstanding culture) of 86 points for B. Crazyarachno.","spans":[{"start":376,"end":386,"type":"em"},{"start":414,"end":460,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] The author with his award-winning B. Crazyarachno âCrazydocâ CCM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":38,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6-pP5bqstJ9-p9j_image-brassavola-flagellaris-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":890,"height":1062},"id":"Z6-pP5bqstJ9-p9j","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For me both of these orchids bloom in the fall (Septemberâearly December). As a bonus they both have a nice nighttime fragrance. I use rainwater that I collect in a barrel. I have a water heater used to prevent ice from forming on livestock water supplies in it so I can collect water all year round. I use a 3-gallon (11.35 l) sprayer to water and fertilize. I water (spray mist) almost every day from midApril to mid-October. In the winter I water on any sunny day, but usually I will not go more than four days without misting. Every Sunday all year long, I fertilize with Jackâs 10-30-20, one scoop/tank.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] The authorâs B. flagellaris.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6-pQZbqstJ9-p9k_image-brassavola-flagellaris-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":434,"height":578},"id":"Z6-pQZbqstJ9-p9k","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] The authorâs plants in their winter home.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6-pQpbqstJ9-p9l_image-brassavola-flagellaris-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":438,"height":498},"id":"Z6-pQpbqstJ9-p9l","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Both plants started out in pots that they, long before I acquired them, had grown out of, so they are just massive root balls. There is no potting medium in either pot, making watering easy. I just spray them until the water drips off. In the winter I turn on my overhead fan and run it for 1â3 hours after watering. This helps to keep the humidity around 70â80 percent RH. In the winter, temperatures range from 62 to 66 F (16.7â18.9 C) at night to 70â78 F (21.1â25.6 C) in the daytime. My guess is that they may even get a little colder on some
998Chicago nights. In midMay they both go outside and remain there until mid-September depending on the weather. Temperatures range from a low of around 50 F (10 C) to a high near 100 F (37.8 C) on some exceptionally hot and humid Chicago summer days. Outside of these extremes, summer temperatures run 65â85 F (18.3â29.4 C). Both plants have pencil-like terete leaves, indicating they both can tolerate some sun and heat. During their summer sojourn, both are shaded until about 10 a.m., more or less in full sun from about 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and then again shaded from the intense afternoon sun. They love a nice thunderstorm in the summer, and both seem to be pretty much disease and insect free, although I do spray a preventative fungicide a couple of times during the summer. They set blooms over the course of 4â6 weeks and remain in flower for at least six weeks, creating spectacular plants for our fall shows.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] These plants started out in medium-size pots but have long since outgrown them and are effectively mounted on themselves.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6-pQ5bqstJ9-p9m_image-brassavola-flagellaris-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":424,"height":566},"id":"Z6-pQ5bqstJ9-p9m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] The award photograph of B. Crazyarachno âCrazydocâ CCM/AOS taken by Nile Dusdieker.","spans":[{"start":28,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Dr. Larry Sexton, a retired dentist, is an American Orchid Society trustee, member of the Societyâs editorial board, as well as a member of the audit, awards, finance and investment committees. He is an accredited judge in the Chicago Judging Center (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":277,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z5h6ahIAACAA26Q_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-february-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-01-29T04:56:34+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-02-03T20:16:37+0000","uid":"orchids-february-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"daabc0f5-f6a4-445e-bc68-7c27531c0779","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Brassavola flagellaris and Brassavola","MetaDescription":"Larry Sexton talks to us about two of his favorite orchids and how to grow them.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z6ICmRAAACEA8khf","uid":"cattleya-violacea","url":"/orchids/articles/cattleya-violacea","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z6ICmRAAACEA8khf%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-02-07T09:29:06+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-02-07T09:29:31+0000","slugs":["growing-anguloas-throughout-the-year"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo_v094n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo_v094n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo_v094n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo_v094n02coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z5h8E5bqstJ996yo","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Growing Anguloas Throughout the Year","Author":"Juraj Kojš","ArticleDate":"2025-02-01","Summary":"Cattleya violacea is a bifoliate species from the equatorial neotropics with the largest distribution of any Cattleya species. It's color combinations, bold presentation and intoxicating fragrance make it exceptionally striking. Juraj Kojš walks us through its history and geographic description and provides his pointers for cultural success.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE 2014 REDLAND International Orchid Festival in S
998outh Floridaâs Homestead was one of the first orchid shows I ever attended. From a myriad of spectacular plants displayed in the exhibit and for sale in the booths, a batch of flowers with unusually intense magenta color at the H\u0026R Nurseries from Hawaii stand caught my attention. They were the first-bloom seedlings of a splash-petaled semialba form of Cattleya violacea. The flowers were white with intense magenta marks on the sepals and petals with a hot magenta lip. The color combination, bold presentation and intoxicating fragrance were striking. I was hooked. Patti Lee, the founder of the Manhattan Orchid Society from New York and Eric Gottlieb from Miami, my orchid mentors, educated me on the flower quality, comparing the shapes and color patterns in the group, and helped me to select an outstanding plant. A native of Hawaii, Patti even negotiated âa Hawaiianâ discount for me. Thank you, Eric and Patti! You will always be present in my collection through the many Cattleya violacea forms I have acquired over the years. My journey to learn about its history, geography and culture thus began.","spans":[{"start":405,"end":422,"type":"em"},{"start":1033,"end":1050,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cattleya violacea âCarlos magdielâ hcc/AOS grown by carlos Granados. Photograph by Jorge Enrique Cespedes.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XO2JbqstJ9-V3o_image-cattleya-violacea-1.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":579,"height":799},"id":"Z6XO2JbqstJ9-V3o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HISTORY\nThe species was first described by Carl Sigismund Kunth as Cymbidium violaceum in 1816. Kunth was a member of a fascinating expedition led by Alexander von Humboldt and Aime Bonpland to the equinoctial neotropics along the Orinoco River (von Humboldt and Bonpland, Vol II, 1814â1829). The records suggest that the plant sample was collected near the Torrents of Atures at Puerto Ayacucho in Venezuela. We should note that the genus Cattleya had yet to be established by John Lindley (1821â1824), and as with most orchids of the day, they were classified either as Epidendrum or Cymbidium (Aulisi and Foldats 1989).","spans":[{"start":67,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":440,"end":449,"type":"em"},{"start":572,"end":583,"type":"em"},{"start":586,"end":596,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The plantâs taxonomy changed several t imes. Based on samples collected by Robert Schomburgk in 1837 at the mouth of the Rupununi River in todayâs Guyana, Lindley named the species Cattleya superba, ignoring Kunthâs findings (Lindley 1838). Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach transferred the name to the genus Epidendrum with two names: Epidendrum violaceum (Reichenbach 1861) and Epidendrum superbum (Reichenbach 1874). Based on Kunthâs naming, the current binomial Cattleya violacea was proposed by Robert Allen Rolfe 73 years later in 1890 with other names as synonyms (Rolfe 1890). Cattleya violacea var. superba and Cattleya superba are still in use in South America today.","spans":[{"start":181,"end":197,"type":"em"},{"start":303,"end":314,"type":"em"},{"start":330,"end":351,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":393,"type":"em"},{"start":460,"end":468,"type":"em"},{"start":469,"end":477,"type":"em"},{"start":579,"end":596,"type":"em"},{"start":614,"end":630,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Commonly, C. violacea is known as âCattleya superba of the Orinoco.â The name C. violacea refers to the violet color of the typical clones (Aulisi and Foldats 1989).","spans":[{"start":10,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":89,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HABITAT\nCattleya violacea is a bifoliate species from the equatorial neotropics. With the largest distribution of any Cattleya species (ca. 1.54 million square miles [4 million square kilometers]), its extended territory spans over the Orinoco and Amazon River basins through Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia (Aulisi and Foldats 1989, Withner
9981988, Romero 1997). It is fascinating to know that such a large area can share very similar growing conditions (Baker and Baker 1990). The plant grows in very hot and humid tropical environments at elevations from sea level to about 1,475 feet (0â450 m) frequently on trees close to rivers, lakes and creeks. Alek Zaslawski (pers. obs.) from AWZ Orchids reports that plants were found at an elevation of about 1,475 feet (450 m) in the higher areas of the Surumu River, which runs in Roraima State in Brazil, south of Pacaraima. At the riverbanks, the plants are exposed to extra humidity from the water, excellent air circulation, bright light and extra light reflections from the river surfaces. Close to the waterâs edge, the vegetation clears, which provides extra light and aeration compared to the dense tree canopies inside the forest.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":127,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cattleya violacea âDoña Anaâ am/AOS grown by Eric Arce.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XO15bqstJ9-V3m_image-cattleya-violacea-2.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":853,"height":541},"id":"Z6XO15bqstJ9-V3m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the Venezuelan State of Apure, extreme conditions are defined by wet and long dry seasons, and the plants live on short trees low to the ground (around 1.9 feet [50 cm]). Semialba and caerulean forms were reported to be found in this region (Aulisi and Foldats 1989).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is said that in some parts of Brazil near the Rio Negro, the plants occasionally get submerged in the water during the rainy season, which causes the river to rise tens of feet (meters) above their natural beds. The Amazon River rises during the rainy âwinterâ season (mid November through May) in the central Amazon that surrounds the city of Manaus, reaching its peak usually in May or June. This timing coincides with the blooming season of C. violacea in the area. During some extremely wet years, the Amazon River level can rise up to 50 feet (15 m) between lowest and highest points, thus engulfing the vegetation (Schultz and Parsons 2024). Fascinating! The water falls during the drier âsummerâ season (June/August until October). Although the water level is lower, the humidity always remains high due to the evaporation from the surrounding forest.","spans":[{"start":447,"end":458,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Cattleya superba pictured in Lindleyâs Sertum Orchidaceum, 1838.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":61,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XO1JbqstJ9-V3l_image-cattleya-violacea-3.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":397,"height":643},"id":"Z6XO1JbqstJ9-V3l","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One could spend a lifetime exploring the vastness of the Amazon region, discovering centers of C. violacea habitat. Zaslawski writes about visiting a huge archipelago called Anavilhanas located in the Rio Negro near Manaus. This is a labyrinth of around 400 islands most of which are underwater during the high water season (flooded forests are locally called Igapó) and only can be accessed by boat. In this area, the Rio Negro is almost 12.4 miles (20 km) wide, and C. violacea is quite present.","spans":[{"start":95,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":468,"end":479,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The region around Manaus, State of Amazonas in Brazil (not far from the Equator), has been identified as one of the largest C. violacea habitats (Baker and Baker 1990). The city is located at the very center of the Amazon basin, where the Solimoes and Rio Negro merge to form the Amazon River. Zaslawski details that, although the Amazon area is vast and the rainyâdry seasons can vary from region to region, climate conditions around Manaus are still frequently used for reference.","spans":[{"start":124,"end":135,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Known centers of Cattleya violacea habitat in South america. courtesy of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XO0ZbqstJ9-V3g_image-cattleya-violacea-4.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":827,"height":480},"id":"Z6XO0ZbqstJ9-V3g","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The weather conditions are consistently warm all year, with daytime readings near 85 F (29.4 C), cooling to near 70F (21.1C) at night. Diurnal range averages 12â16F (7â9C) throughout the year, and the humidity remains in the 70â80 percent range. Heavy rains persist through the year, except somewhat drier conditions in January, February, and March (Baker and Baker 1990).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another center of C. violacea distribution spans across Rondônia and Mato Grosso States. From his visits to Rondônia State, Zaslawski notes seeing C. violacea thriving in areas of vegetation known locally as cerrado, such as that close to the town of Presidente Médici. Although sparsely forested and with poor quality sandy soil, the climate is not dry. The ground is frequently soaked with water. The vegetation includes shorter spaced-out trees providing good light and aeration to its epiphytes. Even with the rivers and lakes absent, C. violacea populations flourish in these moist conditions. Notice that the cerrado forest in Rondônia is completely different from the typical much drier cerrado biome vegetation of the large area southeast of the Amazon basin.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":147,"end":158,"type":"em"},{"start":539,"end":550,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Cattleya violacea (Semi-Alba Flamea) âCrownfoxâ FCC/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOzZbqstJ9-V3Y_image-cattleya-violacea-5.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":854,"height":806},"id":"Z6XOzZbqstJ9-V3Y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Mato Grosso tends to the more typical drier cerrado forest biome, a semihumid tropical savanna rich in endemic fauna and flora. Although all the species color varieties are well described from the Amazonian region, color variety data from the cerrado forest is missing.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"BLOOMING SEASON","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In different parts of Brazil, the blooming season ranges from December to the middle of June. At their greenhouses in EspÃrito Santo State, the main blooming season at AWZ Orchids occurs from September to October. In equatorial Venezuela, where the seasons are less defined, it is said to flower all year round, particularly from January to September, with more scarce flowering in October to December (Baker and Baker 1990). Blooming typically occurs from April to June in the Northern Hemisphere. With good culture, the plants can rebloom in July or August, although the spring blooming is typically much stronger. Harry Akagi from H\u0026R Nurseries in Hawaii reports that their C. violacea bloom three times a year with bigger and more vibrant flowers in cooler months (Akagi pers. obs.).","spans":[{"start":677,"end":688,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Cattleya violacea (Coerulea) âCarolaâ AM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOyJbqstJ9-V3V_image-cattleya-violacea-6.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":855,"height":500},"id":"Z6XOyJbqstJ9-V3V","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] City of Manaus during the dry season.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOxZbqstJ9-V3T_image-cattleya-violacea-7.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":597},"id":"Z6XOxZbqstJ9-V3T","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] City of Manaus during the wet season.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOwpbqstJ9-V3O_image-cattleya-violacea-8.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":577},"id":"Z6XOwpbqstJ9-V3O","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea has an unjust reputation of being difficult to grow. As the following sections detail, there are several pointers derived from the observation of the natural environment that can be applied to swiftly improve its thriving. The reader should always be aware, however, of their own growing conditions and ways to adjust them to fit the plantâs cultural requirements.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TO WATER OR NOT TO WATER","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The environmental data does not suggest that any rest period is needed for C. violacea. Withner observes that due to their consistently hot and humid growing conditions in nature, the plants should be watered continuously, without any rest (Withner 1988). Baker and Baker note that according to Oregon State University Extension Service, every plant needs a rest period, however brief. In this case, it would happen during the drier winter months (Baker and Baker 1990). AWZ grow their C. violacea successfully in their greenhouses near the municipality of Viana which is ca. 984 ft (300 m) above sea level. Although warm and bright during the day, the nights are cooler. The plants still thrive. Zaslawski also reports slowing down a bit with watering and fertilizing during their winter months. Unfavorable conditions that can lead to plantsâ demise can be triggered by a combination of rain and cooler temperatures.","spans":[{"start":75,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":486,"end":497,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Cattleya violacea habitat at Anavilhanas, close to Manaus during the wet season.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOv5bqstJ9-V3M_image-cattleya-violacea-9.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":856,"height":976},"id":"Z6XOv5bqstJ9-V3M","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] The same habitat during the dry season.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOuZbqstJ9-V3K_image-cattleya-violacea-10.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":628},"id":"Z6XOuZbqstJ9-V3K","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With multiple AOS awards, including two First Class Certificates (FCC) from the AOS, Ben Oliveros of Orchid Eros proves that C. violacea can be grown in cooler conditions too. The testimony to his growing mastery is the fact that Orchid Eros Nursery is located 1,700 ft (ca. 533 m) above sea level on the slopes of Kilauea Volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii. The temperatures are suitable for intermediate growers (65â80 F [18â27 C] in the summer and 55â75 F [13â24 C] in the winter) rather than warm-growing species. With seasonal rains in the winter, Oliveros agrees with Zaslawski that the core of his C. violacea culture is to keep the plants dry in the winter. This is key when the temperatures become cooler.","spans":[{"start":125,"end":136,"type":"em"},{"start":606,"end":617,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Remember my first C. violacea from Redlands 2014? Well, it did not make it, and many others did not either. Or in other words, they made it to Orchid Heaven!","spans":[{"start":18,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I could not figure out what I was doing wrong, giving them the same care as I did for other Cattleya species in my hot South Florida outdoor shade house. It was not until 2017 that I sent some pictures of my unhealthy plants to Harry Akagi at H\u0026R Nurseries, pleading for help. His advice was simple: use open plastic baskets with well drained medium or mount them and mostly water a lot. The phrase that registered even more vividly in my mind was âTreat them like vandas!â Besides Cattleya species, Vanda species are another passion of mine, and at that time, I had already figured out Vanda culture to a greater degree and was having good success.","spans":[{"start":92,"end":101,"type":"em"},{"start":482,"end":491,"type":"em"},{"start":500,"end":506,"type":"em"},{"start":587,"end":593,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What an AHA! moment! I promptly followed Harryâs instructions for the plants that were beginning to root and began watering. I already knew not to touch the bifoliates, or any Catts for that matter, when not in the initial root explosion stage. I kept watering them every time I would water vandas two or three times a week, in the dry spring days even more frequently. From Thanksgiving to Valentineâs Day, I would reduce to two waterings per week. For South Florida, this made sense, and the results were unbelievable. Plants that looked weak and desiccated came alive, sprouting lush roots and commanding new growths. Thank y
998ou, Harry!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Station # 82331, Manaus, Brazil, Lat. 3.1°S, Long. 60.0°W, at 144 ft. (44 m). Temperatures are calculated for an elevation of 1,300 ft. (396 m), resulting in probable extremes of 97.1 f (36.2 c) and 59.1 f (15.1 c). Average maximum and minimum monthly temperature, diurnal range, rain, humidity and number of clear days create a fine picture of the environmental conditions. Read values for the northern hemisphere top to bottom and for the south hemisphere (natural habitat) bottom to top. Reprinted from Baker and Baker 1990.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XOqZbqstJ9-V2__image-cattleya-violacea-11.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1263,"height":427},"id":"Z6XOqZbqstJ9-V2_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MEDIA","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In their habitat near the city of Manaus, the favorite tree of C. violacea is called AraparÃ. In Rondônia, they can be spotted particularly on the White Charcoal tree known as Carvão Branco. Know your conditions. I have seen C. violacea successfully grown in plastic pots with coarse bark (H\u0026R Nursery, Orchid Eros) and coarse bark mix (Krull-Smith). Withner and Baker and Baker also suggest growing them on slabs or in baskets with excellent drainage. This is similar for Cattleya wallisii (eldorado) that overlaps in territory with C. violacea. Fast draining medium is the key here. AWZ grow their plants mounted and in baskets in their nursery in Viana where it is quite humid. Mounting ensures a healthy root system and disease prevention.","spans":[{"start":63,"end":74,"type":"em"},{"start":225,"end":236,"type":"em"},{"start":473,"end":502,"type":"em"},{"start":534,"end":545,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For me, free draining clay pots or plastic baskets completely empty or filled with some ceramic pellets did the trick. Even better, these plants seem to enjoy mounting on cork or cypress planks. For coastal South Florida, everything disintegrates quickly due to the humidity, rain, and salinity in the air. Mangrove root slabs, if I can find them, seem to be most durable.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As with other bifoliate cattleyas, it is important to know when to repot and divide. The best time is when the plant is just about to break into new root growth. Take care not to disturb these new roots, spray them with a fungicide, and place the plant into a shadier area until the roots completely attach. It is recommended that a division for this species consists of at least f ive healthy pseudobulbs.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As noted above, the plants are exposed to bright light (like other Cattleya species) and even full sun with extra reflected light from water surfaces throughout the year in their natural environment. Interestingly, the light intensity seems to dictate their size: more light brings shorter growths, and less light results in the plants growing taller (Cassano pers. obs.). Cesar Wenzel also reports on various growing habits, visiting habitats from Mato Grosso state to Venezuela, where an almost 4-foot-tall (1.2 m) plant with 12 flowers was collected (Wenzel pers. obs.).","spans":[{"start":67,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2022, the neighborâs house just to the east of my property sold, and as part of the new ownerâs quest for the propertyâs redesign, they cut down the thick patch of palms hanging over my shade house, blocking the sunâs morning rays. While devastating (yes, they cut some palms that harbored active ecosystems for birds and squirrels), removing the lush foliage resulted in new, brighter light conditions for orchids. Suddenly, the daylight hours extended greatly.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"But of course! I remembered that C. violacea plants live high on the trees, often exposed to full sun with extra light from reflections of the rising and receding river.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Not only did I not have enough light intensity previously, I also did not have enough hours of light! My light days were too short, I realized.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Vandaceous species began blooming two to three times a year. My C. violacea plants began offering two blooming seasons: an expected strong one in AprilâMay and a somewhat weaker but still delightful second season later in the summer (JulyâSeptember).","spans":[{"start":64,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WATER QUALITY","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It goes without saying that rainwater in nature is considered pure, meaning its pH is slightly acidic, ranging between 5 and 6, with total dissolved solids (TDS) near 0 parts per million (ppm). In one of our conversations, Roy Tokunaga from H\u0026R Nurseries stressed to keep the total mineral ion buildup to a minimum. Indulge me for a moment in my water purification journey that helped my C. violacea (and in fact, all orchid) culture.","spans":[{"start":388,"end":399,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I became curious about the quality of our city water and sent tw
998o 1.1 oz (33 ml) bottles of it to University of Florida Analytical Services Laboratories for testing in 2019. The results arrived within a couple of weeks. Although the water was only moderately hard and the electrical conductivity measurements (indicating TDS) were within the limit, its pH was surprisingly high at 8.5. Water quality may fluctuate over time, and thus I acquired a portable TDS and pH meter to monitor it periodically. After trying a few devices, I settled on the AI104G GroStar Series GS4 pen tester from Apera. I was further surprised to find out that the calibrated TDS measurement fluctuated to over 230 ppm and pH sometimes reached 9.5!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To put these measurements in perspective, it is recommended that TDS should be no more than175 ppm after the addition of fertilizer, and pH should remain slightly acidic at around 6.5 (Bottom 2019). Some growers, however, argue that higher ppm and lower pH (down to 5.5) is acceptable when the plants get periodically flushed with pure water.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The reason for lowered pH is to maximize the absorption of nutrients. This told me that adding fertilizer to such hard water would increase the TDS to the level of burning roots and damaging the plants. Additionally, some of the important nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and micronutrients, such as calcium, iron, manganese, boron, copper and zinc, would not get properly absorbed at such high pH (even if a bit lower with the addition of the fertilizer).Recommended periodic flushing with water without additives to dissolve any salt buildup did not work either, as my water had a lot of salts to begin with. I also learned that extra chlorine and chloramine are added to our city water. Action had to be taken.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The AOS accredited judge Judy Bailey from our West Palm Beach judging center suggested purchasing a shower filter to begin with. How clever! These mechanical filters remove chlorine and chloramine and are inexpensive. Thank you, Judy! Once again, a consultation with Roy Tokunaga was needed. Roy suggested that I investigate Hydro Logic Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems to further purify my water. Although the system itself was not inexpensive, and I also expected higher water bills due to 1â1.5 gallons (3.785â5.678 l) of wastewater for every gallon (3.785 l) of purified water, I decided to go for it in the spring of 2022. The RO unit helped to eliminate any salts; however, pH still needed to be corrected. I tried citric acid, phosphoric acid (as suggested by Dr. Motes, 2008), 3% vinegar, and 30% vinegar to lower my pH. The most practical and cost effective for me proved to be 30% vinegar from the local hardware store. Adding 1â2 teaspoons (5â10 ml) of such strong vinegar to a 50-gallon (189 l) barrel of RO water was effective in reaching the desirable pH level. With the help of a 1.5 horsepower pump and a non-kinking stainless steel water hose, I was able to get the water into action! The results were immediate and remarkable. After a couple of waterings, the plants reacted with a refreshed growth activity.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oh, how I wish I could have a well. However, our city does not allow well drilling because of the oceanâs proximity. I should thus note that I tend to alternate between RO water and ½ RO and ½ tap water due to the high expense.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One other watering correction improved my C. violacea culture tremendously. During one of his visits, my friend Dr. Leslie Ee suggested that I consider installing an automated watering system. In 2023, I indeed installed a simple time-controlled misting system for both vandas and C. violacea for daily watering. On hot summer days, they receive 15 minutes of water twice a day: early in the morning and late in the afternoon. With C. violacea, I observed that misting created that extra humid environment like the
998ir natural growing conditions, and they thrived even more!","spans":[{"start":42,"end":53,"type":"em"},{"start":281,"end":292,"type":"em"},{"start":432,"end":443,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"FERTILIZER","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As with all cattleyas, a weekly weak dose of balanced fertilizer during the growing season is generally recommended. AWZ fertilizes with an 18â 18â18 formulation even more frequently: two or three times per week, totaling about 180 ppm of nitrogen. During their winter, they reduce fertilizing to half, skipping days when unfavorable weather conditions (rain and cooler temperatures) prevail.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When I began growing orchids, Dr. Martin Motesâ book Florida Orchid Growing: Month by Month (2008) became my primary go-to reference. It took me a couple of years to realize that the South Florida conditions in Homestead that he describes were slightly different from the South Florida conditions of my coastal backyard. Firstly, I live very close to the ocean, which means higher temperatures throughout the year, less rain (our city lies in a rain shadow area) and perhaps even more salt in the air.","spans":[{"start":53,"end":92,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12â13] Cattleya violacea habitat in the cerrado forest in Rôndonia state, Brazil.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6XRNJbqstJ9-V6h_image-cattleya-violacea-12.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":847,"height":543},"id":"Z6XRNJbqstJ9-V6h","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6KBWpbqstJ9-OjT_image-cattleya-violacea-13.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":621},"id":"Z6KBWpbqstJ9-OjT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My fertilizing program followed the book, which suggests application of balanced fertilizer (such as Peters 20â20â20) and low phosphorus fertilizers. Once, I visited my friend and grower par excellence Valerie Leonard. I saw her and her clientâs collections of blooming orchids and was blown away by the lushness of the blooms. Her secret, she claimed, was the extensive use of bloom booster. I set out to try it. In my weakly weekly feeding program, I replaced the balanced and low phosphorus fertilizers with 12â48â8 from Southern Ag. The results were remarkable. Vandas responded within a couple of weeks with a burst of blooms, and the cattleyas followed. My Vanda tessellata and Vanda denisoniana plants now bloom three to four times a year, and I suspect that the extra summer bloom of C. violacea has much to do with the bloom booster applications. I supplement it with kelp and micronutrients.","spans":[{"start":663,"end":679,"type":"em"},{"start":684,"end":701,"type":"em"},{"start":792,"end":804,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Blooming seasons in the habitat. Courtesy of Alek Zaslawski.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6KBUpbqstJ9-OjS_image-cattleya-violacea-14.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":830,"height":545},"id":"Z6KBUpbqstJ9-OjS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I tend to withhold fertilizer from C. violacea in the drier months. The period between Thanksgiving through Valentineâs Day is a good rule of thumb. This is where their culture differs from vandas that get fertilized throughout the year. However, no gloves f
998it all. The point is to be inquisitive about your own growing conditions, particularly if these are outdoors. Solutions are awaiting. Natural cues and friends are there to help.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Cattleya violacea var. alba âOdomâs Orchidsâ AM-CHM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":28,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z6KBUZbqstJ9-OjR_image-cattleya-violacea-15.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":511},"id":"Z6KBUZbqstJ9-OjR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CONCLUSION","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya violacea is an Amazonian bifoliate beauty worth having in any collection. Its striking presentation, long lasting flowers, strong fragrance and straightforward culture predestines it to become one of the IT plants in the years to come. Just read the follow-up articles on the extensive line breeding already done in its semi alba flamea and other color forms.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":329,"end":345,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although the natural habitat of C. violacea is extremely large, the plants have often become the victims of poaching. Due to their bright flower coloration, they can be spotted easily from the boats parading the rivers, and massive deforestation has also contributed to their rapid disappearance. With extensive line-breeding programs in several nurseries, seed-raised plants have become widely available. Their form and color varieties exceed those of collected specimens. Look for C. violacea at your next orchid show visit!","spans":[{"start":32,"end":43,"type":"em"},{"start":483,"end":494,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This article would not have been possible without the extensive consultations and help of Alek Zaslawski from AWZ Orchids. Many thanks to my readers Alek Zaslawski, Ron Kaufmann and Leslie Ee for further invaluable insights.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aulisi, C. and E. Foldats. 1989. Monograph of Venezu elan Cattleyas and Its Varieties. Caracas, Venezuela: Editorial Torino.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":86,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Baker, C. and Baker, M. 1990. The Warm-Growing Cattleyas of the Northern South America. American Orchid Society Bulletin, 59(9):904â908.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":88,"end":120,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bicalho, H.D. and J. Miura (eds). 1983. Native Orchids of Brazil. Associacao Orquidofila de Sao Paulo. 2nd edition.","spans":[{"start":40,"end":64,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bottom, S. 2019. Soluble Salts. St. Augustine Orchid Society. Retrieved on 10/12/2019 from https://staugorchidsociety.org/PDF/SolubleSaltsbySueBottom.pdf x Cassano, A. 2024. personal observation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Cattleya violacea distribution map retrieved gbif.org on October 10, 2024.","spans":[{"start":42,"end":59,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lindley, J. 1975. Sertum Orchidaceum. A Wreath of the Most Beautiful Orchidaceous Flowers. London: James Ridgway and Sons, 1838. New York, Amsterdam; Johnson Reprint Corporation, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. 1975.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":36,"type":"em"},{"start":38,"end":97,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Motes, M. 2008. Florida Orchid Growing: Month by Month. Redland Press, Redland, Florida.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":54,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oliveros, B. (Orchid Eros Nursery). 2024. personal observation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reichenbach, H.G. Epidendrum violaceum. In Walpers, W.G. Annales Botanices Systematicae. Lipsiae, Sumtibus F. Hofmeister.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":38,"type":"em"},{"start":57,"end":107,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reichenbach, H.G. 1874. Xenia Orchidacea - Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orchideen. Vol II, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.","spans":[{"start":24,"end":79,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rolfe, R.A. 1890. New or Noteworthy plants. The Gardenersâ Chronicle : A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects. Vol. 8, p. 620. Retrieved 9/20/24 from https://www.bi
998odiversitylibrary.org/page/25925216.","spans":[{"start":44,"end":69,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":135,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Romero, G.A. 1997. Venezuela paraÃso de ORQUIDEAS. Armitano Editores.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Schultz, A.R. and J.J. Parsons. Amazon Rive Animal Life. Retrieved 10/10/24 from https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River/Animal-life","spans":[{"start":32,"end":55,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Tokunaga, R. (H\u0026R Nurseries). 2022. personal observation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"von Humboldt, A. and A. Bonpland. 1814â1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent during the years 1799â1804. London: Printed by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster Row; J. Murray, Albermarle Street ; H. Colburn, Conduit Street. Reprinted Benediction Classics, 2012.","spans":[{"start":45,"end":149,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wenzel, C. (Wenzel Orchids). 2024. personal observation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Withner, C. The Cattleyas and Their Relatives, Vol. I: The Cattleyas. Timber Press.1988.","spans":[{"start":12,"end":68,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Zaslawski, A. (AWZ Orchids). 2024. personal observation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Dr. Juraj KojÅ¡ is an Associate Professor at the University of Miamiâs Frost School of Music, where he combines his passion for music and orchids in innovative ways. He is the creator of the Orchid DNA Music project and the founder of the Foundation for Emerging Technologies and Arts, Inc. (FETA), which promotes experimental and interdisciplinary art forms. Dr. KojÅ¡âs works have been commissioned by prestigious organizations such as The Knight Foundation, The Quiet Music Ensemble, Miami Light Project, Meet the Composer, Harvestworks, Miami Theater Center, Miami Live Arts, Deering Estate, and Vizcaya Museum \u0026 Gardens. In addition to his musical achievements, Dr. KojÅ¡ is an accredited American Orchid Society judge. He is the past president of the Coalition for Orchid Species and a board member of the Miami Beach Orchid Society. He also chairs the annual Orchids \u0026 Arts Festival at the Miami Beach Botanical Garden. He has received over 60 awards from the AOS to date. His multifaceted career reflects a unique blend of scientific rigor, artistic creativity, and a deep love for orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":1122,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z5h6ahIAACAA26Q_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-february-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2025-01-29T04:56:34+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-02-03T20:16:37+0000","uid":"orchids-february-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"daabc0f5-f6a4-445e-bc68-7c27531c0779","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Cattleya violacea","MetaDescription":"Cattleya violacea is a bifoliate species from the equatorial neotropics with the largest distribution of any Cattleya species. It's color combinations, bold presentation and intoxicating fragrance make it exceptionally striking. Juraj KojÅ¡ walks us through its history and geographic description and provides his pointers for cultural success.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z3VUBRIAACEAADb7","uid":"winter-january-march","url":"/orchids/articles/winter-january-march","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z3VUBRIAACEAADb7%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-01-01T17:37:46+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-03T18:06:46+0000","slugs":["winter-january--march"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Winter: January â March","Author":"The Education Committee","ArticleDate":"2025-01-01","Summary":"Broken down by month, this article is chock-full of useful tidbits to make getting through the winter season easier. Also included are examples of species that flower in each of the winter months and some guidance on growing them.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"JANUARY","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid growing is as full of perversities as it is of fun, and the most experienced of us can kill plants as quickly as anyone else. There are, however, some general but basic reminders and suggestions to be followed. January is undoubtedly the quietest cultural month of the year, even if it is not the quietest month for weather. One can take a rest from potting and catch up on other necessary chores. For example, thoroughly clean up your plants, remove dead or diseased leaves, and follow this with a bath of dilute soap and water to remove dirt from the leaves. Make sure that the pseudobulbs are covered and remove loose and old sheaths. Inspect the bottom of the pots for slugs and snails. Plants having black spots caused by fungal diseases, that cannot be removed with a knife, can be treated with a bit of funcicide and then kept on the dry side for a while.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We presume that your growing space was thoroughly cleaned in the summer when plants could be placed outside. If not, then space must be made and the growing area itself cleaned. Plants can then be moved over to this clean space as they are treated.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Do not forget the glass if you are growing on a windowsill. The normal accumulation of grime can cut down needed light, so scrub and wash the glass as the space is cleared.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ventilation this month depends on outside weather; give air whenever outdoor temperatures are high enough, if only for a short time. Your plants will appreciate the fresh air but avoid sudden changes and drafts.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This is the time of the year to be watchful of the temperature difference between your heated home and the windowsill or basement growing area. A difference of 10 or more degrees Fahrenheit (5.6 C) is not uncommon, and plants can freeze near a single-pane window or in an unheated basement or garage on sufficiently cold nights. A small fan facing away from the plants will help circulate air between the window and the general room. Speaking of freezing, watch out for bay windows. Many of these structures have uninsulated bottoms and while they make great growing areas concerning light availability, they can become dangerously cold on those cold winter nights.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Looking for species that flower this month?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Laelia albida is a rather small plant that produces five to eight 2 ½ -inch (6.4 cm) flowers with white sepals and petals and a rose-colored lip. The long-lasting flowers are beautiful in any collection.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Laelia albida âWinstonâ AM/AOS grown by Amy and Ken Jacobsen.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4fpbqstJ988te_image-winter-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":914,"height":882},"id":"Z3V4fpbqstJ988te","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lycaste deppei peaks in January. The long-lasting flowers are quite large with red-spotted green sepals, white petals and a yellow lip spotted red. These exotically colored flowers help brighten a dull January day.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Lycaste deppei âHaley Suzanneâ HCC/ AOS grown by Glen Decker.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4e5bqstJ988tc_image-winter-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":914,"height":878},"id":"Z3V4e5bqstJ988tc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A little warmer spot in your growing area will accommodate Dendrobium wardianum and it will reward you with 3-inch (7.5 cm) white flowers whose sepals and petals are tipped amethyst. The lip has a bright yellow disc and contrasting red blotches at the base of the throat.","spans":[{"start":59,"end":79,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dendrobium wardianum grown by Cynthia Hill.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4epbqstJ988tb_image-winter-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":918,"height":1270},"id":"Z3V4epbqstJ988tb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The three species above will thrive in intermediate conditions by adjusting the locations of the plants to suit individual likes and dislikes. The blooming season, of course, will vary a month or so depen
998ding on individual culture and greenhouse conditions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"FEBRUARY","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Longer days and the resulting higher day temperatures will start many plants into activity but, February is a treacherous month and warm sunny days can quickly turn cold in many parts of the country, so beware. More water and ventilation will be required, but it is wise to water early on bright, sunny days. Before the rush of potting, finish the plant clean-up work, check all labels, and rewrite or replace them wherever necessary.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are orchid species (and hybrids) that bloom every month of the year and a great many of them can be grown under intermediate conditions. Some February-blooming species include:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya lundii, a dwarf plant that produces 1½-inch (3.8 cm) lilac flowers with a beautiful, purple, frilled lip.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Cattleya lundii âSanta Barbaraâ HCC/AOS grown by the Santa Barbara Orchid Estate.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4eZbqstJ988tZ_image-winter-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":918,"height":948},"id":"Z3V4eZbqstJ988tZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rhynchostele rossii is a showy little plant that often flowers in February. The 3-inch (7.5 cm) flowers, produced two to five to an inflorescence, are white or rose-flushed, spotted with brown. The lip is white with a yellow crest.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Rhynchostele rossii âLaramieâ AM/AOS grown by Bruce Embury.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4eJbqstJ988tY_image-winter-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":910,"height":946},"id":"Z3V4eJbqstJ988tY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rhyncholaelia glauca is smaller in all respects than Rhyncholaelia digbyana, but the flowers are deliciously fragrant. The sepals and petals are white, tinted green and the lip is usually white and fringeless. Dendrobium fimbriatum has stems up to 4 feet (1.2 m) long and produces racemes up to 10 inches (25 cm) long carrying 3â15 flowers. The 3-inch (7.5 cm) blooms are deep orange-yellow and the lip has dense fimbriation.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":53,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":210,"end":231,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Dendrobium fimbriatum âAlfonso Qâ AM/ AOS grown by Alfonso Qu Rojas.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4d5bqstJ988tX_image-winter-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":914,"height":1122},"id":"Z3V4d5bqstJ988tX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Rhyncholaelia glauca","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4d5bqstJ988tV_image-winter-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":914,"height":1128},"id":"Z3V4d5bqstJ988tV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MARCH","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The weather in March can still be treacherous in some parts of the country, while in others it is almost summerâ or so it feels. But by March things are really popping, and this increased activity means more attention to culture, especially potting.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Besides spring orchid shows, attend your local orchid society meetings. It is interesting to listen to othersâ ideas on potting materials, fertilizing methods, etc. Just remember, a wise person listens to all, sifts the information carefully, then goes home and evolves his own methods, slowly adopting new things and then trying these new things on a few plants for sufficient time before adopting them on a large scale.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The hardest part of orchid culture to understand is, without equal, watering. Great care must be exercised now. Plants making new growth need water, but resting plants can go for long periods without. While there are no specific rules, such as once a week, it is certainly better to err on the dry side. Winter, more than any other time, the adage âif in doubt, waitâ could not be more appropriate. Keep seedlings growing, but beware of chilled water, as it can do damage. Watch out for excessively high humidity. Do not let resting plants shrivel.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With higher temperatures in March and more fresh air, it follows that more water must be used. At all times be judicious: strive to provide as much as growing plants can use, but remember that a single case of overwatering can mean dead roots. If in doubt, moisten the surface of the potting medium on bright days and wait another day or two before thoroughly watering. Check more frequently those plants on mounts. They, too, will need more frequent fertilizing as the days get longer and warmer.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By now, most genera should receive all the light they can get without burning so all window shading should be removed. Phalaenopsis and possibly paphiopedilums are the exceptions and may still benef
998it from light shade depending on the brightness of the growing space.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After the middle of February, it may be necessary to add some shade as the sun angle increases. What might have been ample light during winterâs short days may now be burning sun and once that ugly burn appears it is too late for that leaf.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By March the rule is to give as little shade as possible and increase as needed, judging from the condition of your plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Brassia verrucosa, Brassia aurantiaca, Cattleya cinnabarina and Dendrobium farmeri all flower in March. These plants will all grow in intermediate conditions if some experimentation is undertaken to find the most suitable location for each species.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":59,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":82,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Brassia verrucosa produces 6â15 striking flowers on a 2-foot (60 cm) inflorescence. The green-spotted black-purple sepals are 4 inches (10 cm) long, the petals about half as long, and the lip is white with black-green warts.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Brassia verrucosa âSanta Barbaraâ AM/ AOS grown by the Santa Barbara Orchid Estate.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4dZbqstJ988tU_image-winter-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":920,"height":586},"id":"Z3V4dZbqstJ988tU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Brassia aurantiaca has brilliant orange flowers on erect inflorescences. Although the flowers do not open fully, they make up for this with their brilliant color.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Brassia aurantiaca âMonte Carmeloâ CCM/AOS grown by Gloria Norena.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4dJbqstJ988tT_image-winter-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":908,"height":578},"id":"Z3V4dJbqstJ988tT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cattleya cinnabarina has 6â15 stellate 3-inch (7.5 cm) flowers of brilliant cinnabar.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Cattleya cinnabarina âOrchidFix thanks Benâ ccm/AOS grown by the OrchidFix Nursery.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4c5bqstJ988tR_image-winter-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":920,"height":1282},"id":"Z3V4c5bqstJ988tR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium farmeri displays its flowers in a pendent truss. The sepals and petals are white tinted pink or cream and the contrasting fringed lip is bright yellow. This species requires a cooler rest to flower well.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Dendrobium farmeri âBoon Brysonâ HCC/AOS grown by Boon Bryson.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4c5bqstJ988tQ_image-winter-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":916,"height":1282},"id":"Z3V4c5bqstJ988tQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"March is also the flowering season of the National Flower of Costa Rica â Guarianthe skinneri (commonly called Cattleya skinneri) â and there are many fine forms available in shades of purple, lavender, what are called âblueâ tones in cattleyas and even white. Everyone should have one of these in their collections. The plants are easy to grow under intermediate conditions and put on a spectacular spring display.","spans":[{"start":74,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":111,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Guarianthe skinneri âOvidio Pachecoâ AM/AOS grown by Eduardo Pacheco.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3V4cpbqstJ988tP_image-winter-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1850,"height":1198},"id":"Z3V4cpbqstJ988tP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"During the winter months, most orchids grown in the home will need little or no fert
998ilizer. As days lengthen and light levels increase in March, light feeding can be increased but follow directions carefully. As with pesticides, if a little is good, more is NOT better.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nExcept for seedlings making active growth which should be potted as needed, most mature plants should be left alone during the darker, shorter winter days. By February, paphiopedilums and cymbidiums can be potted just as soon as they are finished flowering. Water sparingly until live roots are active. A light dampening of the potting mix surface will help to encourage new root growth. Do not be too anxious to divide plants. Orchids flower best when they are mature, well-established, generally multigrowth plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"March begins the potting season in earnest so tackle the job early; catch cymbidiums as flowers fade but only if the pots are crowded or the potting medium is in poor shape. Cattleyas, just as the roots are breaking, not after they are 2 inches (5 cm) long, are ripe for potting. Divide or save the backbulbs. Plants of the Oncidium Alliance are ready when the new growths are 3â4 inches (7.5-10 cm) tall and new root growth is beginning. Use as small a pot as possible, especially if you have a heavy hand with water. Check the plants on mounts; they may need more fiber or another wire. Plants in fir bark should be given a thorough soak, then allowed to remain on the dry side (this does not mean kept like the Sahara Desert â just slightly drier) until roots penetrate the potting mix.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keep a lookout for insect and mite infestations. There is nothing worse than a thriving colony of scale or mealybugs during the winter months when you cannot take plants outside to treat them. Mealybugs seem to be the bane of everyoneâs existence but a touch of alcohol with a soft brush will handle small infestations and buy time to get plants outside later in the spring. Do not forget that a stroll through the growing area at night with a flashlight will reveal many an unsuspected marauder.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"An invasion of aphids often appears from nowhere by March. It is not that they dropped out of the sky. They were there all winter as microscopic eggs which hatched with the onset of warmer conditions. It is sometimes difficult to spray when they are on flower spikes and hand removal may be necessary.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z3LwChIAACAA_OIj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-january-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-12-30T23:11:28+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-03T18:06:45+0000","uid":"orchids-january-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"b384a3eb-fd63-45ac-98e1-9db412867bc9","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Winter: January â March","MetaDescription":"Ever ask that \"one too many\" question and come away as confused as you started? Here one long-time grower shares his perspective on growing epiphytic orchids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z3vaSRIAACEACWKL","uid":"orchids-in-a-terrarium","url":"/orchids/articles/orchids-in-a-terrarium","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z3vaSRIAACEACWKL%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-01-10T17:16:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-10T17:16:32+0000","slugs":["orchids-in-a-terrarium-the-essential-considerations"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Orchids in a Terrarium (The Essential Considerations)","Author":"Bill Rodman","ArticleDate":"2025-01-01","Summary":"Ever contemplate growing orchids in a terrarium? This article will help lay out the necessary requirements to succeed.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2012, I was sitting with some friends and telling them that 150,000 air miles per year was devastating my life: no plants, animals, or persons tolerate that kind of schedule. Half-jokingly, one of them said: âWhy donât you try frogs?â, and I, half-jokingly retorted: âYeah - Poison frogs - Hah!â We all laughed, and the joke passed. But being the curious person I am, a few weeks later, I queried the internet, and what an experience that was! The search exploded with pictures of amazingly colored frogs! It turned out that both the United States and Europe have an extensive poison frog hobby. Who would have thought? Not long after that, I began to build my first vivarium: It was an excruciating exercise. Twenty YouTube videos, conflicting instructions, and poor equipment later, I built my first vivarium! With a fear of killing both plants and frogs, I took an entire year to figure out how to balance it all. But, with a score of 0â1, I had constructed my first biome! I thought: âGeez, Iâm a mechanical engineer! How do people without my skills do this?â Not long after, I ran into Andy Phillips of Andyâs Orchids, Todd Kelly and Christina Hanson, gurus of poison frog herpetoculture, and others. I was on my way to building, experimenting and growing my collection. The crux of this early experience is that it was hard to get terrariums (they tend to break in transit) and the orchids I tried to grow would die. It left me wondering what I was doing wrong. It was not until I took several trips to the rainforest that I realized that terrarium design is a fundamental step to success, and functionality of the terrarium, coupled with the care of the plants and animals is important. The resulting years of experimenting, refining, and, ultimately, success, was the creation of In Situâs Amazonia terrarium. Now, with a host of customers who have had success with growing orchids and animals together to bolster confidence, I am able to write this article with something more than just anecdotal evidence.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Patricia Buzo orchidarium after a yearâs growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUU5bqstJ99U46_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1278,"height":1278},"id":"Z4FUU5bqstJ99U46","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In 2012, the state-of-the-art vivarium building in the United States was a flat- bottomed glass cube with an egg-crate substructure and a drain that, because of its inherent construction, left about an inch (2.5 cm) of water in the bottom. People would advise misting two to three times per day for 20â30 seconds. As you read this article, keep this advice in mind, and, by the end, I believe you will understand what the early failures were all about, and how we fixed them. You will also learn about In Situâs clientsâ methodology which has led to success.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fair warning; single spoiler alert: There will be a single-question test at the end of this article for people who want to grow orchids and poison frogs together.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"BUILDING THE RIGHT TERRARIUM","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"Four fundamental features have to be incorporated into a successful terrariumâs design: ventilation, circulation, drainage, and lighting. Ventilation is the terrariumâs ability to draw in fresh outside air and vent it out through various openings. Circulation is the movement of air within the terrarium. Drainage is the ability to move water past the roots of plants and out of the terrarium with little or no stagnation. Lighting refers to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), or lighting intensity, in the spectrum plants need to photosynthesize. Lighting also refers to the terrariumâs ability to provide a spectrum pleasing to humans. After all, we are doing this for pleasure, while providing for the plantsâ needs. All In Situâs terrariums incorporate all of this and are ready for their ownerâs creativity to build upon.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cross-section of a properly functioning terrarium.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUWZbqstJ99U5B_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1282,"height":986},"id":"Z4FUWZbqstJ99U5B","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is important to discuss the four features and their nuances, beginning with drainage. In nature (rainforests specifically) there are no flat surfaces except for cusps within rocks and impervious layers of sediment, lakes, ponds and marshes. This means water constantly moves past roots, leaves, branches and stems, and through soil in a way that flushes the surfaces and prevents the buildup of bacteria and fungus. Leaves are pointed to help drain water away from sensitive tissue. Water travels along the leaf, reaches the point, and drips off. To further hone in on how important this is, imagine your high school biology class where you have a petri dish of agar and have applied a swab containing some bacterial culture to it. You cover the petri dish and let it age. Within days, the dish is covered with bacteria, and the lesson is learned. There are at least four things that could have been done to thwart the progress of the bacteria. First, one could have flushed the surface of the agar with water to remove the bacteria. Second, one could have left the lid off the petri dish and allowed the agar to dry. Another approach would be to expose the surface to ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) light. And, yet another, is to drop the temperature of the environment so that the processes themselves slow down or stop. All these principles contribute to keeping roots and plants healthy in a terrarium or vivarium environment: water must flush through the system with no stagnation, and tissues susceptible to disease must be allowed to dry. So, the important lesson is do not allow water to stagnate, and, set up your circulation and ventilation so that things can dry. Lighting (UV) is a little trickier to make effective because areas devoid of light (and air movement, and drainage) need the most help. To promote drainage, In Situ has adopted the sloped bottom deck approach. Europeans who commonly have terrariums and poison frogs, have been using sloped decks for decades for this very reason. The slope forces water to migrate toward a forward drain below the roots of the plants, flushing the plantsâ roots as it moves through the soil. So, the concept of flushing roots is built into the terrarium and is a critical component for plants situated on the terrariumâs floor.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Graphic representation of the PAR value distribution of the six-strip LED terrarium fixture.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUWJbqstJ99U5A_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1276,"height":974},"id":"Z4FUWJbqstJ99U5A","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Returning to the high school agar culture experiment, one could ask: âHow could I guarantee success in getting my bacterial culture to bloom?â The answer is a scary one. Remove the lid and mist 20â30 seconds two to three times per day. Unfortunately, this is exactly what many (poison frog and orchid) hobbyists do. There is insufficient water movement to flush surfaces and just enough moisture to enable bacterial cultures to bloom. I call this âstagnant hydrationâ and it is the worst thing you can do to help your orchids grow successfully.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Dendrobium tentaculatum in In Situâs Alto terrarium. Note the second blooming plant on the far left.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUVpbqstJ99U4-_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":618,"height":464},"id":"Z4FUVpbqstJ99U4-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fresh air and air movement are important in terrarium or vivarium culture. Saturated air locked inside of a terrarium cannot dry leaves that become wet. So, a copious amount of fresh air is needed. Typically, terrariums run w
998armer at their tops. So, a chimney effect for drawing air into a terrarium is easy to accomplish. The important factor is that the vent area at the top of the terrarium is two to four times larger than the inlet at the bottom, to allow the low-pressure gradient from bottom to top to work.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As any greenhouse horticulturalist will tell you, circulation is important because air movement speeds the drying process as well as prevents fungal growth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Kevin OâRourkeâs Aerangis luteoalba var. rhodosticta. the bluish hue is an artifact of the LED lighting and focus issues an artifact of photographing through the terrarium walls.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":45,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUVZbqstJ99U49_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":618,"height":796},"id":"Z4FUVZbqstJ99U49","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lastly, lighting and light intensity are very important features for growing orchids in terrariums. Early on, In Situ understood that ordinary âpet shopâ quality lights would not deliver the spectrum or intensity needed, so, we developed lighting that can support high- to low-light growing species. During In Situâs early research, we uncovered recommendations from the âSlipper Talkâ bulletin board describing light intensities needed for growing various species of orchids. We used those recommendations and built our lighting system around it. We ended up with six LED strips and over 44 watts of power. Compared to pet shop lights, which typically use one or tw
998o strips and less than 15 watts of power, our LED arrays include red, blue, green, white, warm white and infrared diodes that help convey a natural look. Rarely has such a first attempt been so successful. We commonly hear that our lights are excellent and the people who use them are successful. It should be noted that in our large-format terrariums, we use increased capability to meet the needs of the enclosure. For example, our 6-foot (1.8 m) Orinoco has over 300 watts of lighting.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] In Situâs original Alto orchidarium.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUVJbqstJ99U48_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":624,"height":1268},"id":"Z4FUVJbqstJ99U48","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Whether one is aiming for a simple desk-top terrarium, such as our Amazonia, Alto, or Alto Vista terrariums, or one has bigger aspirations and wants epic proportions, as with our Orinoco large format terrariums, every terrarium In Situ builds has the four features we have described above built-in.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What is the ideal terrarium growing environment, and how do we apply that to orchids?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To attempt to answer this question with my limited knowledge of orchids and orchid care would be to open myself up to a torrent of criticism. So, to stem as much of that as possible, I contacted In Situâs customer base and asked people who are successful at keeping orchids (and orchids with animals) to answer questionnaires and give me input on their methods. These people include Kevin OâRourke from the Illinois Orchid Society, Patricia Buzo (doodlebird) from Instagramâs Terrarium/Imaginarium and Danny Lawrence from Seattleâs regional vivarium club. Lastly, I have compared my personal experience with everyone elseâs. I have been successful in growing orchids personally, and the Alto terrarium in the photograph included has been growing 30 species of miniature orchids for over five years. The inputs from each of these people balanced with my own experience, allowed us to converge on a set of conditions that I think are easily achievable for the average orchid grower. And, even more exciting to me (because I am a bit of a tech junkie), all of which can be largely automated (So I do not have to think about it too much). So, trudging on to the good stuff, we begin our exploration of how to grow orchids in (properly designed and functioning) terrariums.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RULE #0","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"STAY WITHIN YOUR SWIM LANE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is important to purchase orchids that can live in the environment you intend to create. Typically for terrariums, this is âwarm and wetâ species that live in wet or saturated environments. If you happen to have a utility room or sunroom between the bitter cold and the main part of your home, you might be able to pull off a cool-moist living climate. Better to be careful about the species you choose, than to try to make a soufflé out of scrambled eggs. The stagnant warm conditions of a lowland jungle or rainforest are very different than the windswept ridge of a mountaintop cloud forest.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Many species of orchids do well in terrariums. Just check with the retailer, and he or she will surely help. One of my favorites is Dendrobium tentaculatum. Although it blooms for just one day, I plant numerous divisions of it within the same terrarium, and, somehow, they all âknowâ when it is the right time because somehow all of the divisions bloom on the same day. It is like fireworks going off. Everyone loves the 4th of July!","spans":[{"start":132,"end":155,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RULE #1","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REMOVE ALL OF THE SPHAGNUM AND TAKE THE ORCHID OFF OF ITS MOUNT.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dried (dead) sphagnum in a terrarium is a sponge filled with stagnant water. So, if you want to attract bacteria to the roots of your orchid, leaving sphagnum on an orchid is a death sentence. If it does not come off easily, soak the plant and roots in water and tenderly remove all the debris. I use a soft toothbrush to help with this process if the roots are particularly knotted. It is important to get all the sphagnum off. It should be noted that growing conditions listed on labels often indicate âlet dry between waterings.â So, greenhouses sometimes go for days, allowing the plants to thoroughly dry. The drying process kills off the bacteria and keeps the plant healthy. However, it should be noted that âlet dry out between wateringsâ and dead sphagnum under the roots of the plant do not exist in the rainforest. I suspect that if dead sphagnum were placed under the roots of orchids growing in an actual rainforest, it would kill the plants, just like we did before developing this new methodology. Getting closer to something that does exist in the rainforest is one of the benefits of growing orchids in terrariums. If orchids could feel, I imagine them feeling âliberatedâ when the sphagnum comes off.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RULE #2","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"APPLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF LIVE MOSS TO THE NEW MOUNT.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchids in the wild grow their roots in the moss that covers the branches of trees. So, there is a natural relationship between the two. Whatever reason allows the relationship to exist, it plays a role in terrarium culture, and we take advantage of it. Just apply a small amount of live moss to the mounting surface. Do not overcompress the roots onto it when you tie the orchid to the mount. If the moss overtakes the orchid during its growing cycle, just pull off the excess moss and discard it.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RULE #3","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"COMPLETELY SATURATE AND FLUSH THEnTERRARIUM EVERY MORNING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Both Kevin and Patricia hand water their plants in the morning. At In Situ, I have an Apex control system that turns on the misters at 7:00 am and runs for 10 minutes straight. Danny Lawrence has a timer that turns his misters on and off. All these methods cause an excess of water to flush across the mounted orchids, drip through the terrariumâs soil and out the drain tubes at the bottom. Within a few hours, this saturation event is completely non-evident, as everything has dried out.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rainforest droplets are nearly pure water. So, I should mention that all of the customers I have queried either have less than 150 parts per million (PPM) total dissolved solids (TDS) in their water supply or, have installed reverse osmosis water systems or use distilled water to help get the water quality that we need.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Remembering our petri dish with agar⦠What do you think happens if you flush the agar surface for 10 minutes straight every day? Would you even get a bacterial culture to bloom? Considering the actual rainforest, where fungus and bacteria thrive, can you imagine how important it is for the orchids to get daily rain to wash off their roots?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Left: YouTube video on the importance of drainage; center: Instagram video of fog in the terrarium; right: Kevin OâRourkeâs orchidarium tour on Shopify.com;","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z4FUU5bqstJ99U47_image-orchids-in-a-terrarium-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1290,"height":518},"id":"Z4FUU5bqstJ99U47","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"COROLLARY #1","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ORCHIDS LOVE FOG","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Unlike Kevin, Patricia blasts her orchids with fog more than 10 times a day for 15 minutes at a time. In Situ had an experience where we went from âno fogâ to âcopious fogâ (fogging every 30 minutes for a retailerâs display). The result was that the plants and orchids grew much more vigorously. Today, we recommend fog to anyone who wants to grow orchids and rainforest plants. And maybe being just a little theatrical, watching the fog roll into your terrarium is just about the coolest âalmost cloud forestâ thing you can do. We provide a fog adapter for our desktop terrariums and build a fog system in our large format designs. So, fog is relatively easy to achieve. Patricia has a popular Instagram channel where she shows off her orchids, as well as provides instructional videos, such as how she created her orchidarium.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"COROLLARY #2","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ORCHIDS AND FROGS ARE NOT USUALLY FRIENDS BUT THEY CAN BE","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Putting poison frogs and orchids together did not stop Danny Lawrence. He called and asked what our recommendations were for growing orchids and frogs together, and we took a bit of a risk and told him to mist for at least 15 minutes per day. The idea here is to get fe
998ces, urine, and bacteria carried by the frogs washed from the plants and terrarium surfaces, and flushed from the system. Dr. Brad Wilson, DVM, presented an argument to the 2022 American Frog Day dinner lecture that to keep healthier frogs, their enclosures should be flushed regularly (to get rid of pin- and hookworms that tend to be in frog feces). Further, while visiting Mr. Ruud Schoeten of Dutch Rana (Heerlen Netherlands), Mr. Schoeten advised that he regularly saturates his terrariums, for an hour at a time, to help keep things flushed off. So, as a benefit to both frogs and orchids, if you are going to keep frogs and orchids together, be generous with flushing or misting cycles.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"COROLLARY #3","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ORCHIDS MIGHT LIKE SEASONAL CHANGES","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Both Patricia and Kevin adjust waterings and fertilizer, as well as take advantage of the terrariumâs natural position within their homes to achieve small temperature differences. For example, Kevinâs terrarium sits next to a window that gets cold in the wintertime. They both also adjust watering, allowing the terrarium to dry out slightly in the wintertime. Although, to me, this seems backward. The wet season in the South American rain forests is typically associated with North American winters.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Are there ever really any conclusions regarding growing orchids? Orchids are a diverse family, and, as I finish writing this article, I am sitting here wondering if I will be able to pull off the cool environment the lepanthes I just received need (and have no experience with) and if they will stand up to the advice in this article. So, with the hesitance of anyone humbled by attempting to grow orchids, I summarize by saying: choose a terrarium designed for the job. Flush your orchids daily, let them dry out seasonally, reacquaint your orchids with the moss they are familiar with, and above all, remove stagnation points that meet roots, especially dead sphagnum.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I wish you all success with your growing adventures and hope to meet many of you as time and circumstances allow.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CAN YOU PASS THIS TEST NOW?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"At the beginning of this article, we promised a one-question test at the end. We want to shift the paradigm and change minds if we can. So here it is: âWhat happens to your orchids if you mist two or three times per day for 20â30 seconds?â If you can answer this question, you are likely well on your way to success!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Bill is a former aerospace engineer turned rainforest enthusiast. His passion for developing innovative products focused on rainforest terrariums when his exhaustive travel schedule precluded just about any other living thing in his home. After years of experimenting and development, he started In Situ Ecosystems and built the worldâs first rainforest oriented âecosystemâ enclosure. Through In Situâs client relationships, a deeper understanding of orchids and how they like to grow has resulted in our ability to share his experience. Now, In Situâs enclosures are used in offices, homes, hospitals, and conservatories to house and care for rainforest plants and animals throughout the USA and United Kingdom (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":749,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z3LwChIAACAA_OIj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-january-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-12-30T23:11:28+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-03T18:06:45+0000","uid":"orchids-january-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"b384a3eb-fd63-45ac-98e1-9db412867bc9","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Orchids in a Terrarium","MetaDescription":"Ever contemplate growing orchids in a terrarium? This article will help lay out the necessary requirements to succeed.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z3WCBhIAAB4AAHcM","uid":"growing-anguloas-throughout-the-year","url":"/orchids/articles/growing-anguloas-throughout-the-year","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z3WCBhIAAB4AAHcM%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2025-01-06T13:16:37+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-21T22:13:38+0000","slugs":["growing-anguloas-throughout-the-year"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5_v094n01coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z3LxF5bqstJ985S5","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Growing Anguloas Throughout the Year","Author":"Henry Oakeley","ArticleDate":"2025-01-01","Summary":"Anguloas (Tulip Orchids) aren't often encountered in today's collections but that should not be the case. Although big plants, their floriferousness makes them stunning specimens. Henry Oakeley, the worlds expert in the genus, walks us through their cultural requirements.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are nine Anguloa species and four natural hybrids that are found in the north of South America, principally Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru, where they grow at between 3,000 and 8,000 ft (1,000â2,500 m) in light shade or full sun, as terrestrials or lithophytes. They and their hybrids are very easy to grow if you have the space. One of my plants (Angulocaste Bievreana) first enjoyed the sunlight 120 years ago, the front keeps growing and the old pseudobulbs are cut off or die.","spans":[{"start":15,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":361,"end":382,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Anguloa virginalis in sun at woodlandâs edge in Peru. Photographed at about 7,500 feet (2,300 m). inset: Same species growing as a lithophyte in full sun at the same elevation.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG9ZbqstJ989AJ_image-growing-anguolas-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1122,"height":1540},"id":"Z3WG9ZbqstJ989AJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the United Kingdom (and the same would be true in other temperate parts of the world) a heated greenhouse is required, with a night temperature maintained at 54â60 F (12â15 C) and in the day at least 70 F (22 C) and below 85 F (30 C). I have a gas-fired central heating style boiler with finned greenhouse radiator pipes controlled by an air thermostat and a control box. The control box receives the temperature input from the thermostat and switches on the heating and ventilation when needed, with day and night set points. Cooling is provided by in-house fans, an exhaust fan and roof windows or vents. The roof vents are manually opened on one side and powered by a small electric motor on the other.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"GROWING MEDIUM","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Anguloas grow to be large plants with pseudobulbs commonly up to 10 inches (24 cm) tall and leaves to 50 inches (1.3m) long by 8 inches (20cm) wide so plenty of space is required. They are sympodial, so one or more new pseudobulbs are produced each year. At the beginning of the growing season, they should, if necessary, be repotted to provide sufficient space at the âfrontâ of the plant for one more growth. They have hairy roots that need a water-retaining compost, so the roots do not dry out completely (if they do dry out completely the root hairs die and the function of the root is much impaired). Others may grow anguloas in chopped pine bark, but I have until recently, used 50 percent sphagnum moss with 50 percent perlite, the latter to improve drainage, but now use a type of rockwool called Grodan with 10â20 percent added horticultural perlite. This has the advantage of being weed-free, does not break down, and makes repotting much quicker. A disadvantage is that it is much heavier. Like all new composts, it takes a while to get used to it, so if you are more accustomed to bark, I would suggest adding 50 percent sphagnum to your mix.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Anguloa root hairs. Allowing them to completely dry out destroys them and dramatically reduces the ability of the root to absorb moisture.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG85bqstJ989AH_image-growing-anguolas-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1274,"height":838},"id":"Z3WG85bqstJ989AH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Anguloa brevilabris with giant pseudobulbs. the plant was part of a display at the 2011 MedellÃn, Colombia show.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG8pbqstJ989AF_image-growing-anguolas-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":832},"id":"Z3WG8pbqstJ989AF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] This normal Anguloa pseudobulb measured 9 inches (23 cm).","spans":[{"start":16,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG8JbqstJ989AE_image-growing-anguolas-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":828},"id":"Z3WG8JbqstJ989AE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] New growths and flower buds appear together in the spring.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG75bqstJ989AD_image-growing-anguolas-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":616,"height":466},"id":"Z3WG75bqstJ989AD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HUMIDITY","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"High humidity does not seem to be a pressing requirement. I like watering the heating pipes when they are hot and drying the air, it makes the greenhouse feel more tropical, but in the summer British air is humid enough and, as the temperature falls in the evening, the humidity naturally rises â as it does in the Andes. In the past, when I used mist jet
998s all the time, the humidity during the day was so high that clouds formed in the upper half of the greenhouse at night.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"That was before water meters and paying for the amount one used and is much more than necessary. However, if you live in an arid zone you need to augment your greenhouse humidity during the day â it also helps to cool the air.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Anguloa flower stems with sweet pea rings to train the flowers.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":11,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG7pbqstJ989AB_image-growing-anguolas-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":618,"height":942},"id":"Z3WG7pbqstJ989AB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Anguloa cliftonii flowers staked and tied with horticultural twine.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG7ZbqstJ989AA_image-growing-anguolas-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1276,"height":942},"id":"Z3WG7ZbqstJ989AA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"GROWING AND FLOWERING SEASON","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The annual growth cycle begins around February. At that time we have no shading on the greenhouse, so the plants have maximum light. Sometimes the leaves will have dropped off at this time, and the plant is merely pseudobulbs, so â like a cactus â is not transpiring water and should be watered only if the bulbs begin to shrivel. Even if the leaves are still present, the plant is not growing so treat it as semidormant and restrict watering. When the new growth and the flower buds appear together at the base of the front of the lead bulb, gradually start to water normally again. At this time new roots are forming and will continue to grow below the surface through the summer as the vegetation grows above it.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The new growth and the flowers grow vertically, together, side by side. If the plant is for exhibiting, the buds should be trained to face outwards by pulling the lengthening stalks forward and tying them to stakes. Angling the inflorescences away from the old bulbs orients the flower buds facing away as well â so they can be better admired by the judges. If you do not do this, most anguloas will have their flowers randomly arranged with some facing forward, some backward and others sideways âreducing their visual impact. The inflorescences will need to be retied every week (or more frequently as they elongate) to separate the enlarging buds from each other, and although horticultural string can be used, the wire rings used for sweet peas are quicker.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Old leaves may be huge with a spread of up to 6 feet (1.8 m) and may persist to flowering time. These obscure the flowers so, if the plant is for exhibition, cut them off with sterilized scissors. The kitchen spray that kills all viruses including COVID should work if you leave the scissors in it for 5 minutes, otherwise use domestic bleach which should be instantaneous.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Flowering time varies from species to species, and the season usually starts with Anguloa uniflora and its primary hybrids at the beginning of May and continues through to July with Anguloa brevilabris usually last â hybrids can follow the flowering times of one or another of its parents, so are less consistent than the species. The peak time is mid-June to mid-July in my greenhouse.","spans":[{"start":82,"end":98,"type":"em"},{"start":182,"end":201,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Anguloa uniflora with flowers well arranged.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG7JbqstJ988_-_image-growing-anguolas-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":612,"height":866},"id":"Z3WG7JbqstJ988_-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] This plant is 6 feet (1.8 m) across!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG65bqstJ988_9_image-growing-anguolas-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1938,"height":802},"id":"Z3WG65bqstJ988_9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Anguloas can get to be large plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG6pbqstJ988_8_image-growing-anguolas-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1278,"height":932},"id":"Z3WG6pbqstJ988_8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"EXHIBITING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One of the pleasures of growing orchids is exhibiting them and anguloas are useful as they have fresh leaves (with none of the marks that can accumulate later in the year) at the same time as their large flowers. The flowers bruise when transporting them if they rub together, so before loading them up, take all the canes out that you have used to position the flowers, put them all back again and re-tie the flower scapes so that none of the flowers are touching. On arrival at the showgroun
998d, before putting the plant in its place, untie and remove the canes and the flowers should return to their previously designated positions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Orchid Society of Great Britain Show team sets up my major exhibits: transporting them, mossing, labeling and all the extras, ready for the judges and the visitors. The latter are another of the pleasures of exhibiting anguloas â the visitors get to sniff the flowers and guess the fragrance, and we explain the mysteries of the intoxicated bees that pollinate them.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As flowering finishes, deadhead the old flowers by snapping them off with your fingers (scissors transmit viruses). Leaf growth continues and as they begin to spread out, reposition the plants so the leaves of one do not overshadow those of another. They need lots of space.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Photographed in December, this leaf is 7.9 inches wide and 51 inches long (20 cm à 130 cm).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG6ZbqstJ988_7_image-growing-anguolas-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1274,"height":856},"id":"Z3WG6ZbqstJ988_7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WATER AND NUTRITION ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"All the time that the plants are growing, treat them like teenagers â feed them. Water regularly, let them dry out between watering only to the âdampnessâ stage, and water heavily with each watering. With Grodan, which is inert, the only nutrition the plants will receive is from chemical fertilizers added to the water so use a high nitrogen feed throughout this time. I use Peters Excel, and as I use hard London tap water, this is Peters Excel Hard Water Grow Special 18â10â18 (+2MgO+TE) (Nitrogen-Potassium- Phosphorus+Magnesium Oxide+trace elements) which contains a buffer to neutralize the calcium carbonate of tap water. The Thames Water company says the calcium carbonate content of the water supplied to me is 400 parts per million (ppm) but my TDS meter says it is 600 ppm, so I add Peters to increase the solute content of the water to between 1,000â1,200ppm. If one only uses a small amount of water + fertilizer, one does not flush out the build-up of fertilizer or the calcium in hard water and toxic levels accumulate and leaf dieback occurs. For this reason, use plenty of water each time you water. Every few waterings, I water only with tap (or rain) water and no fertilizer to ensure that excess fertilizer is flushed out.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Whatever fertilizer you are used to, if you follow the idea that the plant needs a higher proportion of nitrogen when growing and more phosphorus when preparing to flower you will be correct. Whatever you do, whether you are watering from large water tanks via an electric pump and a hose (that is me), or watering phalaenopsis on a windowsill under the kitchen tap, if you are using hard water or adding fertilizer, always give enough to flush out residual chemicals. If you have rainwater, you do not need the fertilizer to be buffered.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Anguloas grow! If your plants have enough fertilizer, heat, and especially enough light, and you master the secret of watering enough but not too much, you will get specimen plants as the lead bulbs produce two new growths each year, and again the next year, but when they have eight lead growths one needs a crane to lift them.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"By September the pseudobulbs are appearing, with the massive leaves from the top of the pseudobulb remaining, but the leaves that arise from the base of the pseudobulb start to drop off. This indicates that the bulb is maturing, and is not going to grow much more. I then change to Peter Excel Hard Water Finisher which is 14â10â26+2MgO+TE, i.e., high in phosphorus, the chemical which âhardens them offâ and sets up flowering (and fruit production in tomatoes, etc). If you have clean rainwater, use the standard Peters Excel products without the hard
998water buffer \\ both for the growing season and for hardening off.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Anguloas awaiting staging at the RHS hampton court flower Show.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG6JbqstJ988_5_image-growing-anguolas-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1952,"height":878},"id":"Z3WG6JbqstJ988_5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT AND AIR","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The season starts when the new growth begins, with no shading and as much light as possible. In the wild, anguloas that grow in shade do not flower, those growing on woodland margins and on rocks in the open at 6,500 feet (2,000 m) in full sun do so. However, the plants in the open have continual mountain breezes at 60 F (15 C) or less to keep the leaves cool so they do not burn. In England, by the end of April, in the greenhouse, some sunny days are occurring, and light shading is needed and is certainly needed by the end of May. Feel the temperature of the leaves, if they are cool, they are transpiring (sweating) sufficient water to keep cool, if they are becoming hot, turn on internal fans to cool them down, or start applying the shading. âCoolglassâ (a proprietary white greenhouse shading) sprayed on the outside, or green woven shade cloth are among the options. The control box switches on large internal fans and an exhaust fan and opens the roof vent when the temperature rises above 75 F (25 C). One of the fans is above bench level and one underneath, and if the outside temperature is 85 F (30 C) or above, I have mist jets under the benches (using tap water) to cool the air from the latter fan. I expect the humidity caused is also advantageous, but I have never measured it. If you put your anguloas outside in the sun in a British summer the leaves will burn on the first sunny day. Best avoided.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keeping plants cool in the summer is as important as keeping them warm in the winter. âGood air movement,â the mantra of orchid growing manuals is more important for cooling plants than warding off fungal infestations. Anguloas need as much light as possible to grow and flower well, so better to be too warm than too shady. More fans are better than more shade.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In England, the shading can start coming off in September to increase the light exposure on the new leaves and induce flowering. Remember â too little light, too few flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] A group of Anguloa Helen displayed at the RHS Hampton Court Flower Show with the Orchid Society of Great Britain, July of 2023 â RHS Holford medal.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG5pbqstJ988_4_image-growing-anguolas-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1274,"height":828},"id":"Z3WG5pbqstJ988_4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RESTING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Not all the pseudobulbs will mature at once, but when a plant has finished growing, reduce or stop watering as noted earlier â and give as much light as possible. For three to four months (October-January) very little happens, they do not grow, and they do not flower, think of them as teenager
998s sleeping (they will awake eventually). Go on a vacation (if permitted).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] The Anguloa exhibit at the RHS Hampton Court Flower Show in June-July of 2024 â Eric Young Trophy.","spans":[{"start":9,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG5ZbqstJ988_2_image-growing-anguolas-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1274,"height":896},"id":"Z3WG5ZbqstJ988_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Anguloas at Hampton court - RHS Holford Medal with Orchid Society of Great Britain.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG5JbqstJ988_1_image-growing-anguolas-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1938,"height":666},"id":"Z3WG5JbqstJ988_1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REPOTTING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I like to repot between December and February when the plants are resting (dormant) and about to start growth. If there is space for another yearâs growth and the plants looks healthy, leave them alone. However, if there are five or more backbulbs, tip the plant upside down, remove the pot, separate a pair of pseudobulbs from the back of the plant (use clean pruners, etc.) and pot them up. The main part of the plant can then be âpotted onâ â not removing old compost and disturbing the roots as little as possible â by putting the oldest pseudobulb against the edge of the pot, adding fresh compost (Grodan + perlite) in front of the leading pseudobulb(s) and into any spaces round the side. Pot lightly, and do not compress the compost. Plants in which the lead bulbs are touching the sides need to be repotted, and if they do not need dividing or removing backbulbs, just âpot onâ into a larger pot â again leaving the roots undisturbed and putting fresh compost into the space. Use plastic pots, they are lighter, and there is nothing wrong with them.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One can repot at any time if the plant is outgrowing its pot, but only âpotting-onâ as above, without disturbing the roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] The author explaining Anguloas at the Hampton Court Flower Show. Photograph copyright by Paul Upward.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG45bqstJ988_0_image-growing-anguolas-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1274,"height":798},"id":"Z3WG45bqstJ988_0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PROPAGATING","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Backbulbs potted up separately usually sprout within a few months if kept under the bench or other shady place and kept moist. If they sprout from the top of the bulb, repot so the pseudobulb is deep in the compost so the new roots from the âkeikiâ enter the compost. They take about three years to reach flowering size.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Anguloas in the greenhouse in August as the leaves begin to spread out.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG4pbqstJ988_y_image-growing-anguolas-17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1276,"height":690},"id":"Z3WG4pbqstJ988_y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DISEASES","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The management of pests is much the same as with other orchids. The new growths can rot if water and insecticide lodge in them, so it is best not to spray them unless necessary, but older leaves should be sprayed at the first sign of infestation to stop it from spreading. The Royal Horticultural Society in the United Kingdom recommends systemic insecticides such as Acetamprid, but each country will have different regulations about what is allowed. There is nothing you can do about viruses, which are common, but cytomegalovirus may not affect the flowers whereas odontoglossum ring spot virus usually does. It is a personal choice if you throw away infected plants or just soldier on and not use them for exhibitions (or give away pieces to other growers). Occasionally virused plants appear to \"grow out of itâ and become symptom-free (no streaky leaves), so I am a âkeeperâ rather than a âthrower outer.â","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WGcpbqstJ988-__image-lycaste-ida-anguloa.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":270,"height":276},"id":"Z3WGcpbqstJ988-_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Henry Oakeley is the author of Lycaste, Ida and Anguloa. The Essential Guide. Now nearly out of print, a few copies are still Dr. Henry Francis Oakeley available from the author (website www.oakeleybooks.com; email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":243,"type":"em"},{"start":189,"end":209,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"www.oakeleybooks.com","target":"_blank"}},{"start":217,"end":241,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] This pseudobulb still has both side leaves.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG4ZbqstJ988_x_image-growing-anguolas-18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":612,"height":908},"id":"Z3WG4ZbqstJ988_x","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Pseudobulb having lost one side leaf.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG4JbqstJ988_w_image-growing-anguolas-19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":910},"id":"Z3WG4JbqstJ988_w","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Maturing pseudobulb with no side leaves.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG35bqstJ988_u_image-growing-anguolas-20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":616,"height":908},"id":"Z3WG35bqstJ988_u","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Leaf scorch on an anguloa put out in July sunshine in England.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG3pbqstJ988_t_image-growing-anguolas-21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":618,"height":794},"id":"Z3WG3pbqstJ988_t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Kept too dry as the leaves rapidly expand causes this crinkling.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG3ZbqstJ988_s_image-growing-anguolas-22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":796},"id":"Z3WG3ZbqstJ988_s","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] The natural hybrid Anguloa Ãspeciosa.","spans":[{"start":24,"end":31,"type":"em"},{"start":33,"end":41,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG3JbqstJ988_q_image-growing-anguolas-23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1280,"he
998ight":890},"id":"Z3WG3JbqstJ988_q","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Repotting a dormant Anguloa in December.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG25bqstJ988_p_image-growing-anguolas-24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":808},"id":"Z3WG25bqstJ988_p","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25] Repotting an actively growing Anguloa in May.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":43,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG2ZbqstJ988_o_image-growing-anguolas-25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":800},"id":"Z3WG2ZbqstJ988_o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[26] The two small backbulbs on this plant can be removed during repotting.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG2JbqstJ988_m_image-growing-anguolas-26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":616,"height":804},"id":"Z3WG2JbqstJ988_m","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] Sprouting backbulb in Grodan and Perlite.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG15bqstJ988_l_image-growing-anguolas-27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":612,"height":832},"id":"Z3WG15bqstJ988_l","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] Keiki growing from the top of the backbulb.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG15bqstJ988_k_image-growing-anguolas-28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":614,"height":824},"id":"Z3WG15bqstJ988_k","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Anguloa Isabelle.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z3WG1pbqstJ988_i_image-growing-anguolas-29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":612,"height":824},"id":"Z3WG1pbqstJ988_i","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z3LwChIAACAA_OIj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-january-2025-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-12-30T23:11:28+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-01-03T18:06:45+0000","uid":"orchids-january-2025","link_type":"Document","key":"b384a3eb-fd63-45ac-98e1-9db412867bc9","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Growing Anguloas Throughout the Year","MetaDescription":"Anguloas (Tulip Orchids) aren't often encountered in today's collections but that should not be the case. Although big plants, their floriferousness makes them stunning specimens. Henry Oakeley, the worlds expert in the genus, walks us through their cultural requirements.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"85c33de4-9870-4521-82de-7637680a5e50","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z0225xEAACEAvyBG","uid":"cold-tolerance-of-warm-growing-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/cold-tolerance-of-warm-growing-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z0225xEAACEAvyBG%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-12-04T14:34:20+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-04T14:37:13+0000","slugs":["cold-tolerance-of-warm-growing-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Cold Tolerance of Warm Growing Orchids","Author":"Sue Bottom / Images by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2024-12-01","Summary":"If you allow your orchids the pleasure of growing outside during the warm season, they will reward you with an abundance of growth and blooms.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you allow your orchids the pleasure of growing outside during the warm season, they will reward you with an abundance of growth and blooms. You may have to make some adjustments to protect your orchids when the cool season arrives. Some orchids are very intolerant of cold and may need to be relocated to a warm winter home while others are more cold tolerant and might only need protection on the coldest nights. Each type of orchid has its preferred minimum night temperatures during the winter cool season, below which cold damage to the plant will occur.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Most phalaenopsis, large two-toned vandas, evergreen dendrobiums and trichocentrums (mule-eared oncidiums) are the least tolerant of cold, preferring nighttime temperatures above 60 F (15.5 C), though some tolerate temperatures in the 50s F (down to 10 C).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Most cattleyas and oncidiums prefer winter night temperatures in the mid- 50s F (12â13 C), though some tolerate temperatures in the mid-40s (above 7 C).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Deciduous dendrobiums bloom better after a cooler, drier winter rest period with no fertilizer, tolerating temperatures in the low- to mid-40s (4.5â7 C).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"list-item","text":"Dendrobium section Dendrocoryne and cymbidiums are the most cold-tolerant orchids of those that can grow in summer heat and are accepting of temperatures down into the 30s F (1â4 C).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":19,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03Fd5bqstJ9788W_image-cold-tolerance-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1138,"height":872},"id":"Z03Fd5bqstJ9788W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CATTLEYAS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a general rule, Cattleya Alliance plants prefer temperatures above 55 F (12.8 C) though many will tolerate temperatures into the mid-40s (above 7 C). Cattleyas from the Amazon such as Cattleya violacea prefer warmer temperatures, and there are many cold-hardy varieties that tolerate temperatures in the mid- to upper-30s (1.5â4.5 C), such as Cattleya coccinea, Cattleya loddigesii, Cattleya intermedia, Laelia anceps and Cattleya purpurata. As a general rule, protect your cattleyas when temperatures drop below 50 F (10 C), particularly if they are in bud or in bloom.","spans":[{"start":187,"end":204,"type":"em"},{"start":346,"end":363,"type":"em"},{"start":365,"end":384,"type":"em"},{"start":386,"end":405,"type":"em"},{"start":407,"end":420,"type":"em"},{"start":425,"end":443,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FdZbqstJ9788U_image-cold-tolerance-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1138,"height":888},"id":"Z03FdZbqstJ9788U","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CYMBIDIUMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cymbidiums are perhaps the most widely grown orchids, beloved for their variety of color, long bloom period and ease of culture. Sadly for southern hobbyists, many are cool-growers that donât grow or bloom well in summer heat unless you have carefully selected for warmth- and heat-tolerance. Cymbidiums are very cold tolerant. Their ideal minimum temperature is 40 F (4.5 C), although they tolerate temperatures into the mid-30s (about 1.7 C) and will survive light freezes with some cold damage.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FeZbqstJ9788Y_image-cold-tolerance-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1140,"height":1374},"id":"Z03FeZbqstJ9788Y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ONCIDIUMS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"While orchids in the Oncidium Alliance have a wide range of cold tolerances, many of the cool growers that can withstand near-freezing winter temperatures are not grown in warm climates because they cannot tolerate the summer heat. The thick-leaved trichocentrums (mule-ear oncidiums) such as Trichocentrum lanceanum, are from lowland tropical areas and resent temperatures below 60 F (15 C). Most that will grow well in the summer heat (such as brassias, miltonias [NOT Miltoniopsis], typical yellow-flowered oncidiums and similar genera and the myriad of intergenerics including Brassidium, Miltassia, Miltonidium, Oncidesa, etc. prefer night temperatures in the mid-50s F (around 13 C), but will tolerate temperatures down to the mid-40s (about 7 C).","spans":[{"start":293,"end":316,"type":"em"},{"start":581,"end":626,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FdpbqstJ9788V_image-cold-tolerance-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1136,"height":936},"id":"Z03FdpbqstJ9788V","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"PHALAENOPSIS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Phalaenopsis are fairly cold intolerant, but they enjoy the first fall cold snap. Allow them to chill down to 55 F (12.8 C) for two or three weeks during this period when the daytime temperatures go back above 70 F (21 C) during the day. This brief chilling will tell your plants that it is time for them to set their bloom spikes, after which they can be moved to their indoor winter home. As a general rule, phals enjoy nighttime temperatures above 60 F (15.6 C). If temperatures drop below this minimum, some phals will drop their buds, particularly the standard Phalaenopsis such as Phalaenopsis amabalis, Phalaenopsis schilleriana and Phalaenopsis stuartiana that are less cold tolerant. Phalaenopsis from higher elevations and the foothills of the Himalayas such as Phalaenopsis lindenii, Phalaenopsis lobbii and Phalaenopsis mannii are more tolerant of lower temperatures down to around 50 F (10 C).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":566,"end":578,"type":"em"},{"start":587,"end":663,"type":"em"},{"start":693,"end":705,"type":"em"},{"start":772,"end":814,"type":"em"},{"start":819,"end":839,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are perhaps over 1,000 species of dendrobiums organized into more than 40 sections that grow in a wide variety of habitats and elevations. For those dendrobiums that grow in warm climates, cold tolerance ranges from the least cold-tolerant Dendrobium section Phalaenanthe (plants related to Dendrobium bigibbum) to the most cold-tolerant plants in section Dendrocoryne. The warm tropical growers will quickly drop leaves if exposed to conditions that are too cool. The more cold-tolerant dendrobiums actually flower better when exp
998osed to cooler and drier conditions during the winter, though they shouldnât be fertilized after Thanksgiving until the new growth begins in the spring. Minimum temperatures for various sections of the genus are:","spans":[{"start":246,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":265,"end":277,"type":"em"},{"start":297,"end":316,"type":"em"},{"start":362,"end":374,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FfJbqstJ9788Z_image-cold-tolerance-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1278,"height":780},"id":"Z03FfJbqstJ9788Z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Phalaenanthe","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":7,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Characterized by flowers that resemble those of Phalaenopsis. Includes the species affine, bigibbum (phalaenopsis), compactum, dicuphum, schroederianum, superbiens and williamsianum. 60 F (15 C).","spans":[{"start":48,"end":60,"type":"em"},{"start":83,"end":164,"type":"em"},{"start":167,"end":181,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FfZbqstJ9788a_image-cold-tolerance-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1282,"height":878},"id":"Z03FfZbqstJ9788a","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Spatulata","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The so-called antelope dendrobiums; characterized by flowers with twisted petals. Includes the species antennatum, bicaudatum, canaliculatum, gouldii, johannis, lineale (veratrifolium), stratiotes, strebloceras, taurinum and undulatum. 60 F (15 C).","spans":[{"start":103,"end":221,"type":"em"},{"start":224,"end":234,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FfpbqstJ9788c_image-cold-tolerance-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1282,"height":802},"id":"Z03FfpbqstJ9788c","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sections Formosae and Foveolatae","spans":[{"start":0,"end":32,"type":"strong"},{"start":9,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":22,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Characterized by plants with cane-like pseudobulbs with black hairs on silvery sheaths. Includes the species bellatulum, cruentum, dearei, draconis, formosum, infundibulum, lowii, margaritaceum, sanderae, schuetzei, senile and spectatissimum. Mid-50s F (12.8 C)","spans":[{"start":109,"end":222,"type":"em"},{"start":227,"end":241,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FfpbqstJ9788d_image-cold-tolerance-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":844,"height":694},"id":"Z03FfpbqstJ9788d","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Latouria","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":16,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Characterized by mostly white, yellow and green long-lasting flowers. Includes the species aberrans, alexandrae, atroviolaceum, convolutum, forbesii, johnsoniae, macrophyllum, rhodostictum and spectabile. Mid-50s F (12.8 C)","spans":[{"start":91,"end":189,"type":"em"},{"start":193,"end":203,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03Ff5bqstJ9788e_image-cold-tolerance-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":686},"id":"Z03Ff5bqstJ9788e","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Pedilonum","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Characterized by bright pink, red or purple flowers borne on congested inflorescences on leafless canes. Includes the species bracteosum, bullenianum, capituliflorum, crenatifolium, goldschmidtianum (syn. miyakei), purpureum, secundum and smilieae. Mid-50s F (12.8 C).","spans":[{"start":126,"end":234,"type":"em"},{"start":239,"end":247,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FgJbqstJ9788f_image-cold-tolerance-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":858,"height":732},"id":"Z03FgJbqstJ9788f","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Densiflora (Callista)","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Characterized by showy pendent, usually yellow, flowers presented on grapelike inflorescences. Includes the species lindleyi (aggregatum), chrysotoxum, densiflorum, farmeri, jenkinsii, sul
998catum and thyrsiflorum. Mid-40s F (about 7 C).","spans":[{"start":116,"end":194,"type":"em"},{"start":198,"end":210,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FgpbqstJ9788g_image-cold-tolerance-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":844,"height":728},"id":"Z03FgpbqstJ9788g","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Dendrobium","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Upright and pendulous inflorescences produced on leafless canes. Includes the species anosmum (superbum), aphyllum, chrysanthum, heterocarpum, loddigesii, moniliforme, nobile, parishii, polyanthum (primulinum), cucullatum (pierardii) and unicum. Mid- to low-40s F (5â8 C).","spans":[{"start":86,"end":233,"type":"em"},{"start":238,"end":244,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03FgpbqstJ9788h_image-cold-tolerance-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":858,"height":698},"id":"Z03FgpbqstJ9788h","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Dendrocoryne","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":8,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Very freely flowering plants from Australia. Includes the species adae, aemulum, callitrophyllum, falcorostrum, finniganense, fleckeri, gracilicaule, jonesii, kingianum and speciosum. Mid- to upper-30s F (2â4 C).","spans":[{"start":66,"end":168,"type":"em"},{"start":173,"end":182,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z03Fg5bqstJ9788i_image-cold-tolerance-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":478},"id":"Z03Fg5bqstJ9788i","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"VANDAS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Vandaceous orchids as a whole are fairly cold intolerant although some species from higher elevations withstand lower temperatures. If you are unsure of your plantâs genetic background, keep nighttime temperatures above 60 F (15.6 C). This is particularly true of the widely hybridized Vanda sanderiana with large two-toned flowers and species of the fragrant genus Aerides. Some Vanda species such as Vanda coerulea, Vanda denisoniana and Vanda tessellata are more cold tolerant, as are many members of the colorful small-flowered vandas previously known as Ascocentrum and Ascocenda, Renanthera and Rhynchostylis that are comfortable down to 50 F (10 C). Vanda falcata is probably the most cold- tolerant vandaceous orchid, accepting of temperatures in the lower 40s (4â5 C). If exposed to excessively low temperatures, vandaceous orchids will start dropping leaves, giving the plants an unappealing palm tree appearance.","spans":[{"start":286,"end":303,"type":"em"},{"start":366,"end":373,"type":"em"},{"start":402,"end":416,"type":"em"},{"start":418,"end":435,"type":"em"},{"start":440,"end":456,"type":"em"},{"start":559,"end":570,"type":"em"},{"start":575,"end":584,"type":"em"},{"start":586,"end":596,"type":"em"},{"start":601,"end":614,"type":"em"},{"start":657,"end":670,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchids are often categorized into general temperature groups that are based on their preferred winter night temperature below which growth slows. The three temperature groups are the warm growers with nights 60â65 F (15.6â18.3 C), the intermediate growers with nights from 55â60 F (12.8â15.6 C) and the cool growers with nights from 50â55 F (10â12.8 C). Many orchids that demand cool conditions in winter also prefer cooler summers than many locales offer so they are not good candidates for growers without special coolers in their growing area. Most plants suitable for growing in the summer heat are intermediate to warm growers that grow best when plants are protected from winter night temperatures below the 50s (less than 10 C). If you cannot protect plants during the cooler weather, be careful to choose plants that both thrive during the summer heat and are tolerant of winter cold.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the mid-1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Publication Committee ([email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":407,"type":"em"},{"start":386,"end":405,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z0bYYhEAACAAtV9M","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-december-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","uid":"orchids-december-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"68a188f9-cafc-49e3-b928-bc6a01ab2660","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Cold Tolerance of Warm Growing Orchids","MetaDescription":"If you allow your orchids the pleasure of growing outside during the warm season, they will reward you with an abundance of growth and blooms.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"cbd88c96-c72a-456f-b64f-25574b90ae1a","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z1aLUxEAAB4AGuZm","uid":"growing-habenarias-another-approach","url":"/orchids/articles/growing-habenarias-another-approach","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z1aLUxEAAB4AGuZm%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-12-09T06:50:26+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-09T06:50:26+0000","slugs":["growing-habenarias"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Growing Habenarias","Author":"Leon Glicenstein / Photographs By the author unless otherwise credited","ArticleDate":"2024-12-01","Summary":"Want to grow some orchids that give you the winter off? Try habenarias. This group of orchids is currently enjoying an explosion in hybridization, creating a wide array of new forms and colors and they go completely dormant during the winter months!","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"I read Sue Bottomâs (2024) article on growing habenarias with great interest. Unfortunately, it gives the impression that there is only one way to grow them. At the risk of being accused of plagiarizing myself, let me rephrase a passage from an article on habaneras that I wrote for Orchids magazine in 2018.","spans":[{"start":283,"end":290,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Once one understands the growth cycle for the genus Habenaria and its relatives (species and hybrids), they are fairly easy to grow. As mentioned above, these plants are mostly terrestrial and grow from an underground tuberoid. Let us start in the spring, when the tuberoids are beginning to sprout. They are coming out of dormancy, of which more later, and have been kept fairly dry during their rest period. Please recognize that what follows is the way I grow them. If you are growing them successfully by other methods, by all means keep doing what you have been doing. At this point, only water a little, moistening the surface of the medium once a week. As the growth elongates and begins to produce leaves, water again once a week but with more water; light feeding is good at this point too. The plants should be kept evenly moist but not sodden. Moderate light (phalaenopsis light levels), humidity, air circulation and intermediate temperatures make for good growing conditions. Sometime in mid to late summer, the plants, if mature, should flower. Enjoy! After flowering, the plants begin to die back, and you can cut back on the water but not completely. The plants should still be evenly moist. When the plants turn yellow and then brown, it is time to begin the dreaded dormancy period. Many habenarias are killed during this period, but it does not have to be so. Now, you can cut back the plant. I like to leave an inch (2.5 cm) of stem so that, when it comes to repotting, I know which end of the tuberoid is the top. Because the plants do not need light at this point in their growing cycle, you can put the pots anywhere with even, intermediate conditions, even in the dark. Usually, if the plants are kept constantly wet at this time, the tuberoids will rot (there are some exceptions, but most people will not encounter these plants). Some growers can keep their tuberoids completely dry during this period without deleterious results. If I do it, the tuberoids completely desiccate, shrivel, and die. So, once a week, I spray a mist of water over the surface of the pots (I am not watering the pots!), and this works for me to get through dormancy without killing the plants. In late January or early February, I repot my plants. (This is usually before the tuberoids have sprouted). Some growers use sphagnum moss (do not pot tight!) or soilless medium (such as Pro-mix), but I prefer my terrestrial mix (Glicenstein, 2017). I usually pot with the top of the tuberoid about ¾ of an inch (1.9 cm) below the surface of the medium. Because I have the stem that I left, I know which way is up. If it has broken off and you cannot see which end is up, plant the tuberoid horizontally. Continue treating the pots as they were treated during the dormancy period until growth begins, and then treat again as above.","spans":[{"start":52,"end":61,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Habenaria Galah âJudyâ AM/AOS (carnea à janellhayniana) (pronounced ga-LAH). Photograph by Bryan Ramsay.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":41,"type":"em"},{"start":44,"end":58,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aNIZbqstJ98NjB_image-growing-habenarias-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1028,"height":1416},"id":"Z1aNIZbqstJ98NjB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"So you can see, I do not personally remove the plants from the pot during the dormancy period until I am ready to repot the dormant tuberoids. For me, I do not find that necessary. But that is up to you. Also, under my conditions, I do n
998ot use Pro-mix, even with added perlite, as it keeps my plants too wet. Instead, I prefer the terrestrial mix I presented in 2017.\n 4 parts seedling bark mix","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" 6 parts #3 Perlite","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" 2 parts small charcoal","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" 3 parts Miracle-Gro Potting soil","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" 1 part packed container of dry, cut up New Zealand sphagnum moss, approximately ¼-inch pieces.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Pectabenaria Shima Enaga âJudyâ AM/AOS (Kat hawk à Habenaria medioflexa). Photograph by Bryan Ramsay.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":55,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aNIZbqstJ98NjC_image-growing-habenarias-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":882,"height":1226},"id":"Z1aNIZbqstJ98NjC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Habenaria Egret (Kakoeri à medusa); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4â5] Habenaria Bird of Paradise (Conure à medusa); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":15,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Habenaria Oriole (roebelenii à xanthocheila); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":22,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":47,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Pectabenaria Wowâs White Fairies (Pecteilis susannae à Habenaria medusa); photograph by Nam Fook Lee.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":38,"end":56,"type":"em"},{"start":59,"end":75,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Habenaria Katâs Whiskers (lindleyana à medusa); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Habenaria Sunrise Plumes (roebelenii à medusa); photogaph by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Pectabenaria Perseus (Pecteilis hawkesiana à Habenaria medusa); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":66,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Pectabenaria Little Angel (Habenaria carnea à Pecteilis hawkesiana); photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":32,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":51,"end":71,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aNIpbqstJ98NjD_image-growing-habenarias-3-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1036,"height":1392},"id":"Z1aNIpbqstJ98NjD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Please note that it is in parts, not percentages, so depending upon the size of the scooping container for the components (I usually use a 5-inch [12.5 cm] flowerpot), you can make any amount of mix you want. I also try to repot the plants annually, but the medium can last two years. I do sometimes get lazy.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Habenaria Bird of Paradise âDoctor J.â AM/AOS (Conure à medusa) grown by","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":61,"end":67,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"the author and photographed by Sara Hurdel.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aNI5bqstJ98NjE_image-growing-habenarias-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":570,"height":856},"id":"Z1aNI5bqstJ98NjE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Pectabenaria Snowy Egret âJudyâ AM/ AOS (Perseus à Wowâs White Fairies) grown by the author and photographed by Michael Summers.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aNJJbqstJ98NjF_image-growing-habenarias-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":582,"height":1228},"id":"Z1aNJJbqstJ98NjF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Now you can see, there is not only one way to grow habenarias, and
998you can choose which method or combination of methods that works for you. How we grow our plants is never stagnant, and as new media are found for growing orchids, some of my methodology may change. Also, breeders making hybrids may eventually introduce hybrids that are different enough to require changes in growing methodology. For example, they may create plants that do not go through a dormancy period and continually produce new growths so that the plants need to be moist all the time. That will make growing these plants even easier.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I hope more people will grow these attractive, colorful plants. Plant breeders are creating all sorts of flower shapes, color combinations and plant sizes for everybodyâs greenhouse, underlight- growing and windowsill enjoyment.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Leon Glicenstein (email: [email protected])","spans":[{"start":0,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":48,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bottom, S. 2024. Habenarias. Orchids. 93(10):748â749. Glicenstein, L. 2017. New Pelexia olivacea Hybrids. Orchids. 86(8):586â693._. 2018. Selected Habenaria Hybrids. Orchids. 87(8):590â 597.","spans":[{"start":29,"end":37,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":96,"type":"em"},{"start":106,"end":114,"type":"em"},{"start":166,"end":173,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z0bYYhEAACAAtV9M","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-december-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","uid":"orchids-december-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"2a511bde-992d-456c-93b6-89928ddb1eea","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Growing Habenarias: Another Approach","MetaDescription":"Want to grow some orchids that give you the winter off? Try habenarias. This group of orchids is currently enjoying an explosion in hybridization, creating a wide array of new forms and colors and they go completely dormant during the winter months!","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"4708b3df-bf4f-46eb-ad4f-fd8b3415e40b","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Z1aTfREAACEAGvI5","uid":"musings-of-an-apostate","url":"/orchids/articles/musings-of-an-apostate","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Z1aTfREAACEAGvI5%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-12-09T07:55:01+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-09T07:55:01+0000","slugs":["musings-of-an-apostate-epiphytes-fertilizer-wet-foliage-clear-pots-and-leaf-color"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4_v93n12coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Z0bZcpbqstJ97zj4","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Musings of an Apostate (Epiphytes, Fertilizer, Wet Foliage, Clear Pots and Leaf Color)","Author":"and ph
998otograph by Larry Litwin","ArticleDate":"2024-12-01","Summary":"Ever ask that \"one too many\" question and come away as confused as you started? Here one long-time grower shares his perspective on growing epiphytic orchids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Once upon a time, long ago in a place called Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, I was a graduate student studying plant physiology. One night, in the wee hours of the morning, after checking a growth chamber on my latest experiment, I wandered into the departmentâs completely overgrown greenhouse. In a state of semistupor, I happened to notice a group of plants. I do not know if someone had arranged them deliberately, if I was so tired that I imagined it or if their placement was serendipity. From a central plant, if I looked along a line in one direction, the leaf shape seemed to change slightly from one plant to the next in a definite progression. In another direction, the leaves of the center plant were entirely green, and each succeeding plant had a little more variegation than the previous. In another direction, it was how hairy the stems and leaves were. Every direction away from that central plant seemed to have a progression of some characteristic, and there seemed to be links between each of these progressions. This seemed to produce a web of morphological changes away from the central plant and in circles around it. Ah ha, I thought. Here is evolution and ecology and anatomy and probably physiology ⦠all wrapped up in one place â a botanical web of everything. Did I mention I was exhausted to the point of near befuddlement?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"But, as soon as I tried to organize what I saw and put it into words, it dissolved. It all fell apart, and I had the epiphany that it was impossible for me to fully grasp the complexity of it all. Plant life was absolutely too convoluted to be comprehensively understood all at once, at least by me. Since then, I have more or less lived by the motto âI believe in disbelief.â I compulsively research, read about, analyze and evaluate everything. I often find myself arriving at conclusions that disagree with conventional wisdom or at least offer a different perspective.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One such area is advice about the fertilization of epiphytic orchids. Conventional wisdom is that you should water thoroughly, then fertilize, and then water thoroughly again. It is also widely advised to spray the foliage with fertilizer. Another well-ingrained bit of advice is to never water toward evening or ever let any water remain on the plants after dark, especially Phalaenopsis. It is often said that you should grow in clear plastic pots so that the roots can photosynthesize. Finally, there is the rule of thumb that the leaves should be very light green. If they are not, you must provide a higher light intensity. Let me explain my somewhat unorthodox reasoning on these bits of advice.","spans":[{"start":376,"end":388,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"First, let us take a look at fertilization. To do that, I have to start with the properties of orchid roots. First is the anatomy (Fig. 1). The root is essentially circular in cross-section. Though epiphytic orchid roots growing against a substrate may have roots that are somewhat flattened, they have pretty much the same anatomical organization. To simplify, just inside the epidermis, the next outermost layer is velamen. It is a thick layer composed of dead cells that function to absorb water and nutrients, limit evaporation, and provide mechanical protection to the living part of the root (Siegel, 2015).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Inside the velamen are a number of layers; most of the cells here have thick walls and do not pass water or nutrients. Also in these layers are thin-walled passage cells that allow water and nutrients to pass from the velamen, through the layers, to the innermost cells, the cortex and stele. Some of the vascular cells are responsible for water and nutrient transport to the upper parts of the plant. Others are responsible for transporting food made during photosynthesis to the roots and throughout the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This is an extremely simplistic description of an epiphytic root. There are actually five or more layers, each composed of a number of different types of cells and in growing roots a mass of embryonic (meristematic) cells at the end. But the crux is that there is an outer layer of velamen that acts like a sponge to capture water and nutrients. Inside that are layers that regulate the passage of water and nutrients to the inner root, which transports water, nutrients and food throughout the rest of the orchid plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fossils of orchid flowers have been dated to 45â55 million years ago (Poinar \u0026 Rasmussen, 2017) and even much farther back to 80 million years ago (Bradt, 2007). Even before that, they must have been evolving the sophisticated functions we see in epiphytic orchid roots today. Let us take a look at what happens when todayâs dry orchid roots in nature are exposed to rain.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The very first raindrops collect dust and nutrients on the surface of whatever the orchid is attached to and growing on. As the first of this rainwater runs down the surfaces, it contains very dilute concentrations of these available nutrients. The very first of the water that reaches the orchid roots contains the most nutrients. Orchids have evolved to capture this initial flush. Research (Zotz \u0026 Winkler, 2013) shows that the epiphytic orchid roots tested became nearly saturated within 15 seconds and were fully saturated at one minute. That means they can grab this initial flush of very dilute nutrients extremely efficie
998ntly.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As rain continues, it quickly contains less and less nutrients. The concentration of nutrients falls off very quickly, and soon the water reaching the roots is pure rainwater. Because the velamen is saturated and has already captured the initial flush of nutrients, this is of little to no consequence. The rain stops, the roots dry and the velamen prevents the captured water from evaporating and releases it with the nutrients to the interior of the root to be transported and used.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"How does this relate to watering and fertilizing our captive orchids? The conventional wisdom has us saturating the velamen with clear water, then flushing with fertilizer after the velamen is completely saturated and finally washing away almost all that fertilizer with more clear water. Nothing at all like what happens in nature.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"To be sure, there is likely some small residue of fertilizer retained by the medium when fertilization is done this way. The next time the dry roots are flushed with plain water, this will probably provide the very dilute concentration the orchid roots have evolved to deal with. That does, more or less, approximate the natural course of events.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Anatomy of an epiphytic orchid root.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1aa_ZbqstJ98Nmo_image-musings-of-an-apostate-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1340,"height":1420},"id":"Z1aa_ZbqstJ98Nmo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"But, and it is a big but, even though it might nearly accomplish something similar, it seems to me to be at least moderately imprecise and a rather large waste of fertilizer. In the scheme of things, the amount of fertilizer flushed down the drain into the environment is probably nominal. Still, with things as they are, the less excess nutrients flushed into the environment, the better.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I try to mimic natural conditions by fertilizing with an extremely dilute concentration of fertilizer onto dry roots. I grow all my plants exclusively in fern root (which I grow and harvest, but that is","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"another story). The fern root breaks down extremely slowly and probably provides some nutrients directly. Because of that, I fertilize every watering at a concentration of ¼ teaspoon (1.25 ml) of 15â30â15 per 1.75 gallon (6.6 l) â slightly more than 1/8 teaspoon per gallon (~0.165 ml/l), and I do not follow with a flush of clear water. Some of this very dilute fertilizer is absorbed into the fern root (more, I think, than in hard types of media â bark, for example). The rest is available to the roots until they are saturated. Watering when blooming and the plants are on display away from the growing area, is done only with clear water, which flushes the medium so there is not a buildup of salts.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My estimation of growth and flowering using this procedure is that both are quite good. For example, I can rely on my standard-size cattleyas to bloom twice a year. Most of my plants flower more than once a year. Roots become thicker than when first purchased (Fig. 2), and growths of mature plants become larger under my conditions than when first acquired. For example, a mature Cattlianthe Jupiter Drops âAnother Tequila Sunriseâ had a pseudobulb length that had leveled out at 5½ inches (14 cm) when purchased. Under my conditions, the pseudobulb length consistently increased to 7½ inches (19 cm). By those metrics, I think I am probably not going too far wrong. To be fair, I attribute some of my success to growing in fern root. But again, that is another story.","spans":[{"start":381,"end":392,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Next up is the popular idea that fertilizing the foliage is effective. The leaves and pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchids are covered by a thick, waxy cuticle. This prevents air exch
998ange and, thus, water loss during the day when the stomata on the underside of the leaf are closed. (De \u0026 Biswas, 2022). Because the cuticle prevents air and, thus, water from leaving (or entering) the leaf, it is almost certain that larger molecules (fertilizer) cannot pass through this barrier.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Roots at purchase and after the authorâs fertilization technique.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Z1abAJbqstJ98Nmp_image-musings-of-an-apostate-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1342,"height":1014},"id":"Z1abAJbqstJ98Nmp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"So what is the deal with fertilizing the foliage? It is virtually impossible to fertilize the foliage without some fertilizer reaching the medium. Also, fertilizer left on the foliage will rinse into the media when the plant is misted or otherwise rinsed or watered. Almost certainly, none of the fertilizer is absorbed directly by the leaves and instead drains into the medium and is absorbed by the roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Does fertilizing the foliage work? Maybe. But it is unlikely that it is due to the plant absorbing fertilizer through the leaves. The cuticle prevents that. Much more likely, it is the random amount of fertilizer that ends up in the medium that is the actual source of fertilization. I prefer to fertilize the roots at a specific concentration and rate rather than to take chances with random overspray and whatever fertilizer washes into the medium off the foliage.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"OK, now to the conventional wisdom that plants must be absolutely dry by evening. I have done a fair bit of travel into tropical climates, mostly to SCUBA dive and to encounter different terrestrial environments. In my experience, rain falls in the tropics at any time of the day or night. Is there any reason to think that orchids have not evolved to deal with this? Because they suffer no ill effects in nature from being wet at night, what might be going on?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Epiphytic orchids have evolved in a parallel way to plants that have to deal with a very dry environment: cacti and desert succulents (Zhang et. al. 2016) This may seem a contradiction, but consider that epiphytic orchids get drenched and then dry very quickly due to air movement in their natural environment. Their roots grow exposed to the air, and that is a very xeric condition. They have evolved to conserve water that they store in pseudobulbs and thick fleshy leaves. They open their stomata at night when humidity is high and absorb CO2. Because there is no light at that time, they store the CO2 in organic acids. During the day, they break down the organic acids to produce CO2 and use light to produce sugars (food). At this time, the stomata are closed. Note that this is a simplification of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), and all epiphytic orchids may not be obligate CAM plants (Tay et. al. 2019; Rodrigues et. al. 2013).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What I glean from this is that, in nature, orchids can be wet at any time, and they have adapted to that. However, they experience a fair amount of air movement and grow fairly well separated. So I think the problem is not when the plant is wet or dry but, much more importantly, how much air movement it experiences while wet. In my experience, stagnant air and overcrowding are the problem, not that plants remain wet after dark. Plants jammed together severely limit the movement of air around the plants. This is especially true when strong air movement is not provided. I believe stagnant air around the plant causes the problems attributed to having the foliage wet after dark.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Now, the argument has been made that plants such as Phalaenopsis grow with their crown facing down in nature. My observations are that not all plants do. Moreover, wind during tropical rains surely blows copious moisture into the crown whatever its orientation. Additionally, the phalaenopsis in my collection have their crowns facing upright. They collect moisture in the crown whenever I mist them.","spans":[{"start":52,"end":64,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"I routinely mist my plants thoroughly after dark to keep the humidity high while their stomata are open: what they would experience in nature. I also provide continuous, strong air movement â again, the natural condition. Cattleyas, cattlianthes, rhyncholaeliocattleyas, phalaenopsis, dendrobiums and vandachostylis all get heavily misted after dark and seem to love it. But they are not crowded and dry quickly with the air movement the fans provide. My observation is that these plants do not experience any ill effects due to this treatment. Quite the contrary, the health of the plants and the number and health of aerial roots tell me that I am likely doing something right.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One more is the idea that we should grow in clear plastic pots so that the roots can photosynthesize. Sorry. The amount of photosynthesis done by the roots is minuscule compared with that done by the leaves and pseudobulbs. The roots contribute almost nothing with respect to food production, and plastic pots can be problematic. Air exchange is prevented. They can keep the medium from drying out quickly enough, and that can cause problems. Also, sunlight passing through the clear plastic can heat the roots beyond what may be optimal. Clear pots may also allow the growth of algae or moss on the roots. These can interfere with fertilizer uptake by competing with the roots. True, you can keep an eye on the root growth in clear plastic, but I find growth in my collection, under my conditions, is far superior in squat clay pots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Last but not least is the conventional wisdom that leaves should be light green in color. If not, then they are not getting enough light, and light intensity should be increased. Well ⦠sometimes. Some plants have pigments called flavonoids (carotenoids, anthocyanins and betacyanins) in addition to chlorophyll. These are involved in photosynthesis and photoprotection. When light is too strong, chlorophyll will begin to bleach out, and the flavonoids will increase in concentration to protect the leaves from excessive light intensity.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What is the result? Too much light in some plants will cause the leaves to become darker. Following the rule of thumb, light will be increased, resulting in the leaves becoming even darker. Then light is again increased, and the leaves become still darker. Eventually, the light is increased to a level at which the plant is killed.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I killed a Vandaenopsis Irene Dobkin just this way. It is important to evaluate if the plant in question lacks flavonoids in quantity and should have a light green color or if it has an abundance of flavonoids and pushing for a light green leaf color is detrimental. Plants with a lot of flavonoids show a reddish tinge along leaf edges and sometimes a reddish blush through the leaf or on the bottom side. It can also have red spots over the leaf. The reddish tinge shows that the plant is getting plenty of light. It would be unwise to increase light in an attempt to get the leaves to become light green.","spans":[{"start":11,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In summary, conventional wisdom might be a place to start. But it is probably wise to do some thinking of our own along the lines of what the plants experience in nature and how that fits with and can be reproduced, or at least approximated, in our own conditions. We need to do some reading about the anatomy, ecology, evolution and physiology of the type orchids we grow and see what that tells us.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Conventional wisdom mostly works. Of course it does or else it would soon be discarded. But, heretical as it might sound, conventional wisdom does not always work for the reason you think, nor does it always work the best. Sometimes following it can even surprise you with unintended consequences. It is essential to evaluate our unique conditions and make necessary adjustments based on what we can learn about the botany (anatomy, ecology, physiology, etc.) of the type orchids we are growing. No two growing environments are identical. What works in some might not be optimal or might even be detrimental in others.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Larry Litwin received a BA in natural sciences and math from Edinboro University in 1969 with a major in biology. He received his MA in biology from Bucknell University in 1972 with a concentration in plant physiology. He retired from the New York State Department of Health in 2007 after 30-plus years, where he worked as a software engineer and applications analyst. He has been growing orchids since 1970, and though his employment was outside the field of botany, he never stopped investigating and experimenting. His primary interests are the physiology of epiphytic orchids as it relates to their culture and the tropisms exhibited by orchids, particularly in the inflorescence.","spans":[{"start":2,"end":686,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bradt, S. 2007. First Orchid Fossil puts Showy Blooms at Some 80 Million Years Old. https://news.harvard. edu/gazette/story/2007/08/first-orchid-fossil-puts-showy-blooms-at-some-80-million-years-old/. Accessed July 24, 2023","spans":[{"start":16,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"De, L.C. and S.S. Biswas. 2022. Adaptational Mechanisms of Epiphytic Orchids: A Review. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13(11):1312â1322.","spans":[{"start":88,"end":147,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Luttge, U. 1989. Vascular Plants as Epiphytes: Evolution and Ecophysiology. Edition 1, XII, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":74,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Poinar, G. and F.N. Rassussen. 2017. Orchids from the Past, With a New Species in Baltic Amber. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 183(3):327. Rodrigues, M.A., A. Matiz, A.B. Cruz, A.T. Matsumura, C.A. Takahashi, L. Hamachi, L.M. Félix, P. N. Pereira, S.R. Latansio-Aidar, M.P.M. Aidar, D. Demarco, L. Freschi, H. Mercier and G.B. Kerbauy. 2013. Spatial Patterns of Photosynthesis in Thin- and Thick-Leaved Epiphytic Orchids: Unraveling C3âCAM Plasticity in an Organ-Compartmented Way. Annals of Botany 112(1):17â29.","spans":[{"start":96,"end":136,"type":"em"},{"start":492,"end":509,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Siegel, C. 2015. The Secret Life of Orchid Roots. Orchid Digest 2015:28-41.","spans":[{"start":50,"end":63,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Tay, S., J. He and T.W. Yam. 2019. CAM Plasticity in Epiphytic Tropical Orchid Species Responding to Environmental Stress. Springer Open. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6513927/.","spans":[{"start":123,"end":136,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Zhang, L., F. Chen, G.-Q. Zhang, Y.-Q. Zhang, S. Niu, J.-S. Xiong, Z. Lin, Z.-M. (Max) Cheng and Z.-J. Liu 2016. Origin and Mechanism of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Orchids as Implied by Comparative Transcriptomics and Genomics of the Carbon Fixation Pathway. Wiley Online Library: The Plant Journal. https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tpj.13159. Accessed July 24, 2023. Zhang, S., Y. Yang, J. Li, J. Qin, W. Zhang, W. Huang and H. Hu. 2018. Physiological Diversity of Orchids. 2018. Plant Diversity 40(4):196â208.","spans":[{"start":286,"end":303,"type":"em"},{"start":503,"end":518,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Zotz G. and U. Winkler. 2013. Aerial Roots of Epiphytic Orchids: The Velamen Radicum and its Role in Water and Nutrient Uptake. Oecologia 2013;171:733â741","spans":[{"start":128,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Z0bYYhEAACAAtV9M","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-december-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-11-29T15:10:27+0000","uid":"orchids-december-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"f421f04a-57e4-4ebc-b4bb-436fb1efc53a","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Musings of an Apostate","MetaDescription":"Ever ask that \"one too many\" question and come away as confused as you started? Here one long-time grower shares his perspective on growing epiphytic orchids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"5eaa8043-8d05-445e-9c70-a0315becd5cd","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZyPrIhIAACMAhzd7","uid":"the-scorpion-orchids-arachnis-blume","url":"/orchids/articles/the-scorpion-orchids-arachnis-blume","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZyPrIhIAACMAhzd7%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","slugs":["the-scorpion-orchids-arachnis-blume"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"The Scorpion Orchids; Arachnis Blume","Author":"Charles Wison","ArticleDate":"2024-11-01","Summary":"For those with the room, Arachnis species and their hybrids have some of the most striking flowers in the orchid world.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"While popularly called scorpion orchids because of the upright dorsal sepals of many of the species resembling the stinger of a scorpion, they more correctly would be called spider orchids based on the scientific name Arachnis, from the Greek meaning âspider.â Their distinctive down-swept, falcate (sickleshaped) petals and lateral sepals also project a rather sinister appearance in these boldly colored flowers.","spans":[{"start":218,"end":226,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are 14 accepted species, including the Esmeralda species (Plants of the World Online, 2024) in this monopodial genus (no pseudobulbs, only one main continuously growing stem). They are found throughout the warm, lower elevations of southeastern Asia from sea level to about 9,800 feet (3,000 m) ranging from southern China and Tibet to Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They are large to even giant-sized orchids with their stout branching stems reportedly scrambling 32 feet (10 m) or more, actually growing from tree to tree through the jungle, supported by thick roots that emerge along their length at leaf nodes. The many distichous leaves (alternating in two rows on the stem) are strap-shaped, thick and fleshy. These tough characteristics are undoubtedly a beneficial adaptation for them to survive in the tropical treetops, where they are regularly subjected to intense sun.","spans":[{"start":45,"end":54,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Blooming occurs from spring through early fall on branching inflorescences that emerge at the bases of the upper leaves. These inflorescences, initially erect and to 4 feet (1.2 m) long or more, eventually become quite pendulous from the weight of the 25 or more well-spaced flowers. With somewhat musty but not offensive fragrances, the long-lasting flowers (to two months or more) may be more than 4½ inches (11 cm) across. The most commonly grown and highly variable species, Arachnis flos-aeris (meaning âair flowerâ), epitomizes the typical colors on display throughout the species in this genus with a yellow base color highlighted
998with various degrees of bars and stripes from orange to red with some varieties even presenting a dark chocolate hue.","spans":[{"start":479,"end":498,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Because these plants can become quite large, many growers simply cut and repot the upper rooted portions or rooted branched sections when they begin to become too leggy. The lower remaining portions should not be discarded as they often produce several new growths, which may also be eventually removed for repotting once they develop roots.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Arachnis flos-aeris photographed by the author.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPsA68jQArT0GSx_image-scorpion-orchids-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":778,"height":1054},"id":"ZyPsA68jQArT0GSx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Arachnis clarkei âWiseâ CBM/AOS, grown by Ed Wise, was until recently one of the two species in a genus called Esmeralda. These have been moved to Arachnis based on genetic data.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":115,"end":124,"type":"em"},{"start":151,"end":159,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPvS68jQArT0GUl_image-scorpion-orchids-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":730,"height":1270},"id":"ZyPvS68jQArT0GUl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT LEVELS\nTo produce an abundance of their attractive flowers, Arachnis prefer full sun â as many hours as you can provide â and are recorded blooming indoors as far north as Michigan.","spans":[{"start":66,"end":74,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURES\nArachnis, closely related to Vanda and Renanthera, prefer similar warm temperatures at night with minimums down to only 65 F (18 C). They may survive lower temperatures for short periods, but their ability to flower may be significantly diminished. Day temperatures may exceed 90 F (32 C) provided high humidity and good air circulation are provided.","spans":[{"start":13,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":42,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":52,"end":62,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTTING AND WATERING\nWhether grown in sphagnum moss in a hanging basket to accommodate their pendulous growth potentials or in a traditional pot of quick-draining bark mix, Arachnis need a regular watering and fertilizer regimen year roun
998d. It is most important the roots receive these regular drenchings but more important that the media does not become soggy or start to break down.","spans":[{"start":173,"end":181,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Whereas a potential challenge to control the size of this orchid, the longlasting and striking flowers are well worth the space they require.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Arachnis plants are vinelike. Here plants have been trained on the fence surrounding the orchid garden at Gamboa Rainforest Resort in Panama.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPyya8jQArT0GWH_image-scorpion-orchids-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1516,"height":998},"id":"ZyPyya8jQArT0GWH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Arachnis plants, when given conditions they like, can become huge specimens.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPzAa8jQArT0GWI_image-scorpion-orchids-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1516,"height":1028},"id":"ZyPzAa8jQArT0GWI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Arachnis cathcartii âJoyceâ AM/AOS grown by Jack Brechtelsbauer.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPzI68jQArT0GWJ_image-scorpion-orchids-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1004,"height":674},"id":"ZyPzI68jQArT0GWJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Charles Wilson is an accredited AOS judge out of the Atlanta Judging Center who has been growing orchids for more than 45 years. His special interests include Bulbophyllum, Cattleya, Coelogyne, Galeandra, Paphiopedilum and everything else, too. He is an active volunteer with the AOS (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":316,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZyEcOBIAAB8Agyy_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-november-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","uid":"orchids-november-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"8a5e7615-b3b4-4eea-81c6-0d5fe3a15b6f","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"The Scorpion Orchids; Arachnis Blume","MetaDescription":"For those with the room, Arachnis species and their hybrids have some of the most striking flowers in the orchid world.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"99ac82d3-732d-45e6-bc17-785236f95290","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZyOshhIAACIAht2H","uid":"dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-5-dendrobium-section-formosae","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-5-dendrobium-section-formosae","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZyOshhIAACIAht2H%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-5-dendrobium-section-formosae"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and its Relatives, Part 5: Dendrobium section Formosae","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2024-11-01","Summary":"Among the many sections in the genus Dendrobium, section Formosae has some of the most outstanding examples of orchid flowers, most with pristine-white sepals and petals and labellums blotched or striped in contrasting colors. If white isn't your color, some species are a stunning combination of green with vivid red markings on the labellum and some are pale yellow to cream with reddish-orange markings.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Among the many sections in the genus Dendrobium, I believe that section Formosae has some of the most outstanding examples of orchid flowers. For the most part, the sepals and petals are a pristine white, and the labellum may have colored blotches, stripes and markings. There are a few members of the section whose flowers are green with vivid red markings on the labellum, a most stunning color combination. Another group has pale yellow to cream flowers with reddishorange markings on the labellum.","spans":[{"start":37,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":72,"end":80,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Formosae was first mentioned by George Bentham and Joseph Hooker in 1883 in Genera Plantarum 3. In 1890, Joseph Hooker named it as a section of the genus Dendrobium in his Flora of British India, volume 5. The name refers to the extraordinary beauty of the flowers. Members of this section can be distinguished by the indumentum (short, usually black hairs) that, in some species, are on the leaf sheaths, the undersurface of the leaves, or on the new growths. The type species for the section is Dendrobium formosum Roxb.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":84,"end":100,"type":"em"},{"start":162,"end":172,"type":"em"},{"start":180,"end":202,"type":"em"},{"start":505,"end":524,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CARINIFERUM \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1869 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the ridges on the labellum. The plant reaches lengths of 16 inches (40 cm). Inflorescences are short and can have up to five flowers up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. This species has been found in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 5,000 feet (1,500 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM CRUENTUM \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1884 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the blood-red coloration on the labellum. The plant is an upright grower reaching 18 inches (45.7 cm) in height. Inflorescences bear one or two flowers about 1½ inches (3.8 cm) in diameter. This species is recorded from peninsular Thailand and possibly Myanmar. It grows at elevations to 3,000 feet (916 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":79,"end":99,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âThe sepals and petals of Dendrobium cruentum can vary from almost white, through cream and green shades. The greenish form was grown and photographed by Ronny Boos. The inset photograph is of a plant p
998hotographed by the author.","spans":[{"start":29,"end":48,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO8ua8jQArT0F-X_image-dendrobium-part5-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":780,"height":1084},"id":"ZyO8ua8jQArT0F-X","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2â6]âThe lip of Dendrobium bellatulum can vary from dark red-orange to yellow and even bicolor forms are known. Growers: [2] Jim Cootes, [3] Doug Kubo, [4] Joe Marinello, [5] Marni Turkel, [6] Jeff Tyler.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO9p68jQArT0F-9_image-dendrobium-part5-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1382,"height":1064},"id":"ZyO9p68jQArT0F-9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO9qK8jQArT0F--_image-dendrobium-part5-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":854,"height":626},"id":"ZyO9qK8jQArT0F--","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO9qa8jQArT0F-__image-dendrobium-part5-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":850,"height":624},"id":"ZyO9qa8jQArT0F-_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO9qq8jQArT0F_A_image-dendrobium-part5-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":858,"height":650},"id":"ZyO9qq8jQArT0F_A","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO9q68jQArT0F_B_image-dendrobium-part5-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":854,"height":650},"id":"ZyO9q68jQArT0F_B","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Dendrobium cariniferum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO-Oq8jQArT0F_Z_image-dendrobium-part5-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":856,"height":768},"id":"ZyO-Oq8jQArT0F_Z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM DRACONIS \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1862 in Botanische Zeitung (Botanical Newspaper). The specific epithet means âdragon-like,â but I am not sure to which aspect of the flower this refers. Plants reach 2 feet (30 cm) in height. Inflorescences can have up to three flowers up to 2½ inches (6.4 cm) in diameter. This species is widespread and has been recorded from northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and China. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 4,000 feet (1,220 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":75,"end":115,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM \nWilliam Roxburgh named this species in 1832 in Hortus Bengalensis (Garden of Bengal). The specific epithet refers to beautiful, or handsome, flowers. Plants can reach 18 inches (45.7 cm) tall. Inflorescences can have from two to four blooms, 3â5 inches (7.6â12.7 cm) in diameter. This species is found in the foothills of the Himalayan Mountains, India, Nepal Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand and the Andaman Islands. It grows from sea level to about 1,700 feet elevation (0â519 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":105,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM INFUNDIBULUM \nJohn Lindley named this species in 1858 in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. The specific epithet refers to the funnel-like mentum (spur). Plants can get to 15 inches (38 cm) in height. Inflorescences are usually two-flowered, and flowers can reach 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. It has been recorded from northeast India, Myanmar, northern Thailand and Laos, where it grows at elevations of around 8,000 feet (2.440 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":73,"end":121,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8â11] Representative clones of Dendrobium draconis; [8] was grown by Cynthia Hill, the growers of [9] and [10] are unknown, [11] was grown by the author. Photographs [8â10] by Ron Parsons, [11] taken by the author. ","spans":[{"start":32,"end":50,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12â13] Dendrobium formosum. Both photographs by the author. ","spans":[{"start":8,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Dendrobium infundibulum photographed by the author.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO-nK8jQArT0F_e_image-dendrobium-part5-8-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":990,"he
998ight":1344},"id":"ZyO-nK8jQArT0F_e","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LONGICORNU \nJohn Lindley named this species in 1829 in A Numerical List of Dried Specimens of Plants in the East Indiaâs Company Museum. The specific epithet refers to the long column foot. Plants can get to 16 inches (40.6 cm) in height. Inflorescences can have from one to three flowers about 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter, which do not open widely. It is known to occur in the central Himalayas, India, Nepal, Bhutan and China, where it grows on both trees or rocks at elevations of 4,000â8,000 feet (1,220â2,440 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":113,"end":146,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15â16]âThe flowers of Dendrobium longicornu vary from white with pale yellow lips through yellowish forms whose lips are a rich, dark red-orange. Both photographs were taken by the author.","spans":[{"start":23,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO-8q8jQArT0F_3_image-dendrobium-part5-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1530,"height":992},"id":"ZyO-8q8jQArT0F_3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyO_Aq8jQArT0F_5_image-dendrobium-part5-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1010,"height":658},"id":"ZyO_Aq8jQArT0F_5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM LOWII\nJohn Lindley named this species in 1861 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet honors Sir Hugh Low, whose father established a plant nursery at Clapton in east London. The plant can reach 20 inches (51 cm) in height. Inflorescences can carry up to four flowers about 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. It is endemic to Borneo and grows at elevations of around 3,000 feet (916 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":64,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM OVIPOSTORIFERUM\nJohannes J. Smith named this species in 1912 in Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte, und Pflanzengeographie (Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History, and Plant Geography). The specific epithet refers to the shape of the mentum (spur). Plants can reach a height of 2 feet (61 cm). The inflorescences can have up to five blooms about 2¼ inches (5.7 cm) in diameter. This species is endemic to Borneo, where it grows at elevations to 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":75,"end":229,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17â19] Flowers of Dendrobium lowii vary from deep, intense yellow through paler shades of yellow and greenish-yellow. Photograph [17], taken by Ron Parsons, is of a plant grown by Cynthia Hill. Ravan Schneider grew and photographed [18] and [19]. ","spans":[{"start":19,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20â22] Flowers of Dendrobium ovipostoriferum vary in the brightness of the sepals and petals and lip intensity as well as the glossy texture of the sepals and petals. All three photographs were taken by Ron Parsons; [20] was grown by Darwin Harrison, [21] by Ron Parsons and [22] by Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPBWq8jQArT0GBY_image-dendrobium-part5-17-22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":634,"height":1334},"id":"ZyPBWq8jQArT0GBY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDENDROBIUM TRIGONOPUS\nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1887 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the triangular column foot. Plants are small, growing only about 6 inches (15 cm) in height. Inflorescences bear up to three flowers, 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. Found in Myanmar, northern Thailand and China at elevations of about 6,000 feet (1,832 m).\n\nDENDROBIUM VALMAYORAE\nDanny Tiu named this species in 2009 in the Philippine Orchid Review. The specific epithet honors Helen Valmayor, who did much to popularize orchid growing in the Philippines. Plants are upright growers reaching 14 inches (35.6 cm) in height. Inflorescences are short and bear up to three flowers up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. This species is endemic to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines, where it grows at elevations of around 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":1,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":101,"type":"em"},{"start":389,"end":410,"type":"em"},{"start":455,"end":479,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23â26] Dendrobium trigonopus; [23â24] grown by Cynthia Hill and photographed by Ron Parsons, [25] grown by Marni Turkel and photographed by Ron Parsons and [26] ph
998otographed by the author. ","spans":[{"start":8,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] Dendrobium valmayorae grown and photographed by Ben Mabanta.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPBvK8jQArT0GBt_image-dendrobium-part5-23-27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1000,"height":1326},"id":"ZyPBvK8jQArT0GBt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM VIRGINEUM \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1884 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the pure-white flowers. Plants can be up to 16 inches (40.6 cm) in height. Inflorescences have up to six flowers about 1½ inches (3.8 cm) across. This species has been recorded from Myanmar, northern Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, where it grows at elevations of between 1,000 and 3,000 feet (305â916 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":80,"end":100,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM WATTII \nHeinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1888 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet honors Dr. Watt, a British botanist at the time. Plants grow to 2 feet (60 cm) in length. Inflorescences bear several flowers up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. This species is known to occur in northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and China. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 5,000 and 7,000 feet (1,527â 2,137 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":97,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DENDROBIUM WILLIAMSONII \nJohn Day and Heinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1869 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet honors Mr. W.J. Williamson, collector of the type specimens. The short-growing plant only reaches 12 inches (30 cm) in height. The inflorescences have up to three flowers up to 2¼ inches (5.7 cm) in diameter. This species has been recorded from India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and China. It grows at elevations of about 1,000 feet (305 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":96,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28â29] Dendrobium virgineum. Picture [28] was grown by Cynthia Hill and photographed by Ron Parsons; the author photographed [29]. ","spans":[{"start":8,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Dendrobium wattii ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31â34] Representative clones of Dendrobium williamsonii; [31], grown by Hanging Gardens and [32], grown by Judy Carney, were photographed by Ron Parsons. [33] and [34] are photographs by the author","spans":[{"start":33,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPCTa8jQArT0GCH_image-dendrobium-part5-28-31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":990,"he
998ight":1388},"id":"ZyPCTa8jQArT0GCH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPCra8jQArT0GCK_image-dendrobium-part5-32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":898,"height":640},"id":"ZyPCra8jQArT0GCK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPCvK8jQArT0GCM_image-dendrobium-part5-33.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":894,"height":582},"id":"ZyPCvK8jQArT0GCM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPCyK8jQArT0GCN_image-dendrobium-part5-34.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":892,"height":604},"id":"ZyPCyK8jQArT0GCN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments\nSincere thanks to Ronny Boos (Philippines), Ron Parsons (United States) and Ravan Schneider (Germany) for allowing me the use of their pictures to further enhance this article.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading\nBeentje, H. 2010. The Kew Plant Glossary, an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. ","spans":[{"start":34,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cootes, J. 2011. Philippine Native Orchid Species. Katha Publishing, Manilla, Philippines. ","spans":[{"start":17,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Gale, S., P. Kumar P. and T. Phaxaysombath. 2018. A Guide to Orchids of Laos. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Borneo. ","spans":[{"start":50,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lavarack, P.S., W. Harris and G. Stocker. 2000. Dendrobium and Its Relatives. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. ","spans":[{"start":48,"end":76,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Seidenfaden, G. and J.J. Wood. 1992. The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Olsen \u0026 Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark. ","spans":[{"start":37,"end":85,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wood, H.P. 2006. The Dendrobiums. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell/Liechtenstein. ","spans":[{"start":17,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wood, J.J. 2014. Dendrobium of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kota Kinabalu, Borneo.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZyEcOBIAAB8Agyy_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-november-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","uid":"orchids-november-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"e3a5376c-3b65-4f7e-ac9b-93a6323e6036","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Dendrobium and its Relatives, Part 5: Dendrobium section Formosae","MetaDescription":"Among the many sections in the genus Dendrobium, section Formosae has some of the most outstanding examples of orchid flowers, most with pristine-white sepals and petals and labellums blotched or striped in contrasting colors. If white isn't your color, some species are a stunning combination of green with vivid red markings on the labellum and some are pale yellow to cream with reddish-orange markings.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"0556a5d3-f449-40e8-be6e-73834b769c37","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZyPjihIAACMAhyzT","uid":"watering-techniques-for-success","url":"/orchids/articles/watering-techniques-for-success","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZyPjihIAACMAhyzT%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T21:15:50+0000","slugs":["watering-techniques-for-success"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st_v093n11coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZyEcZq8jQArTz_st","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Watering: Techniques for Success","Author":"Ron McHatton / Photographs by the late Greg Allikas","ArticleDate":"2024-11-01","Summary":"More orchids are killed by incorrect watering than by any other mistake. There are two separate components to watering: when and how. Read on to learn more about proper watering technique.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"More orchids are killed by incorrect watering than by any other mistake. There are two separate components to watering: when and how. Most orchids grown by hobby growers are epiphytes, growing on trees above the ground where the light is more plentiful. Because these plants are adapted to having their roots exposed to light and air, in addition to water orchid roots need air. The central core of an epiphytic orchid root is covered with a spongy material called velamen, which is designed to store water. When this spongy material stays wet too long, the central core suffocates and begins to rot. Once the roots rot, the plant can no longer take up water properly and many other problems begin. At worst, root rot will spread upward into the rhizome and cause the death of the plant. In other cases, the loss of roots prevents the plant from absorbing sufficient water to maintain the plant in good condition and the leaves will take on a wrinkled appearance. Unfortunately, the symptoms of overwatering and underwatering are superficially similar and the tendency is to increase watering rather than inspect the roots. Overwatered roots will be brown and mushy while those on underwatered plants will be white or gray and dry. Let us look first at when to water.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WHEN\nOrchids should be watered just as they dry out. This rule applies to all orchids, with slight variations depending on whether your plant has pseudobulbs (thickened stems designed to store water). Orchids such as cattleyas and oncidiums should be allowed to dry completely between waterings while orchids such as phalaenopsis and vandas that have no water storage organs should be watered just before dryness occurs. For vandas, this may mean daily watering during the warm summer. Vandaceous orchids, properly watered, will have actively growing root tips at all times. If the root tips on your plants dry up and seal over, you are not watering often enough. There is unfortunately no magic formula, i.e., water a plant in a 6-inch (l5 cm) pot every seven days and you will be trouble-free. This is because your growing area is different from anyone elseâs. Humidity, air movement, potting medium (type and age) and light levels all play a role.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Inserting a skewer, chopstick, sharpened pencil, or your finger will help you determine whether the medium is dry enough to water. When many grains of organic matter stick to the skewer, moisture is adequate for an orchid that does well when kept evenly moist. For orchids that require continuous moisture, it is time to water.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPmEq8jQArT0GQY_image-watering.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":878,"height":1168},"id":"ZyPmEq8jQArT0GQY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW\nKnowing how to water is just as important to proper culture as when to water. When orchids are watered, they should be watered copiously. Water should be provided until it runs freely from the drainage holes. This serves several functions. First, thorough, copious watering is necessary to soak the potting medium. In addition, thorough watering helps to flush away the salts that naturally accumulate in the potting medium from the dissolved salts in our water supplies and the fertilizers applied for good growth. Also, this is your opportunity to examine how the potting mix behaves. If you cannot pour water rapidly through the pot, the potting mix is too dense, and you risk starving the roots for air. If you see finely divi
998ded material that looks like coffee grounds in the water coming from the drainage holes, your potting mix is breaking down and it is time to repot into fresh medium. At a minimum, try to thoroughly water your plants at least once a month. Finally, a couple of notes about mounted plants and plants grown in baskets without additional potting medium. First, avoid dunking these plants in buckets of water. This practice easily spreads diseases. If one plant has a disease, all those dunked in the same bucket of water will have been exposed. Also, two short waterings a few minutes apart are much more effective than one long watering. Once water runs off the plant, the roots will have absorbed essentially all they can at that time, and excess water just runs off to the ground. The proper technique is to water plants and then a few minutes later water them again, always beginning with the first plant watered. This allows time for the roots of the last plant watered to finish absorbing water before they are wetted again.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WHEN TO WATER\nTo determine when a potted orchid is almost dry:\n1) The surface of the potting mix will appear dry.\n2) Dry pots will feel lighter when lifted.\n3) Clay pots feel dry.\n4) A wooden stake or skewer inserted into the potting mix will come out almost dry.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If in doubt, a finger inserted into the potting mix is perhaps the best tool for determining the moisture content of the potting mix. It will cause no harm to the plant. And remember, fresh potting mix will always dry out faster than the old medium.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] An overwatered orchid has a poor root system and shriveled pseudobulbs. The potting mix is dark and broken down from being kept too wet. The short brown roots are characteristic of root death. To save the plant, repot in a fresh mix in the smallest possible pot, reduce watering, and keep the plant in a humid, shady location.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPm3K8jQArT0GQi_image-watering-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":642,"height":908},"id":"ZyPm3K8jQArT0GQi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âYellowing growth and shriveled foliage signal root loss caused by overwatering.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZyPm8K8jQArT0GQj_image-watering-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":644,"height":910},"id":"ZyPm8K8jQArT0GQj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZyEcOBIAAB8Agyy_","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-november-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-31T10:01:25+0000","uid":"orchids-november-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"323af832-f258-47f5-9a95-c1de11b1907a","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Watering: Techniques for Success","MetaDescription":"More orchids are killed by incorrect watering than by any other mistake. There are two separate components to watering: when and how. Read on to learn more about proper watering technique.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"f3602659-4185-4d14-96e3-5f32fe6c1a21","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZwJCeREAACMAWe_g","uid":"breeding-for-fragrance-in-the-oncidium-alliance","url":"/orchids/articles/breeding-for-fragrance-in-the-oncidium-alliance","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZwJCeREAACMAWe_g%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","slugs":["breeding-for-fragrance-in-the-oncidium-alliance"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=15,0,368,233\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":15,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=1,0,396,233\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":1,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=37,0,324,233\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":37,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,5,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":0,"y":5,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Breeding for Fragrance in the Oncidium Alliance","Author":"James McCully","ArticleDate":"2024-10-01","Summary":"Follow James McCully as he takes us through 40 years of breeding for fragrance in this popular group of plants.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE PROBLEM \nYou have seen itâ¦heck, you have done it! I have done it too and most likely will continue to regardless of the results. When we see a flower by whatever name, we wonder if it smells as sweet as what our memories conjure up of other flowers on other days. I say this with all due apologies to Shakespeare and his presumably then-fragrant rose (Kim et al. 2016).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fragrance in orchids is real though, despite all our numerous disappointments. Those persistent, hopeful memories, like the madeleines that inspired Proust, recall orchids as sweetly scented as spring lilies or sometimes as pungently aromatic as a Bed Bath \u0026 Beyond! We seek them again whenever we stoop to sniff. However, for purposes of this article and as a breeder, I will define âfragranceâ as a scent or aroma noticeable at a distance from the plant. By distance, I mean without having to stick your nose in it. If fragrance is to be an attractant to the consumer, it should be noticeable at a distance to attract them to find the plant in flower â much as nature intended in attracting the bee (but for other purposes).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I have now spent 40 years breeding orchids (McCully 2019). At that time, I observed that I had âmade more than 4,000 crosses,â and that âfragrance is still elusiveâ¦â. Well, in 2023, I passed the 5,000 mark in submitted seed capsules, and many of those next thousand crosses were intent on incorporating fragrance within my program. I am committed to that chase â one might even say I am still hot on the scent! As a breeder with commercial interests, I want to meet that demand. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Breeding in the Oncidiinae, or any plant for that matter, always reduces to what you have to work with. If you do not have the plants in flower, you cannot hang any capsules, and if you do not have new material to work with you are left to inbreeding. There is lots of value in homogeneity, for example, line breeding through backcrosses, sib crosses and selfings. All are
998key tools in the breedersâ kit, but a lot of the fun is in what is new, what one has not had. Fortunately, there are some fragrant species to work with in the Oncidiinae and old and new hybrids with fragrance as well. One begins working with these known, available species and hybrids by observing the variations within their respective phenotypes and then selecting heritable trait variations as the breeding program progresses. This is the process I have been utilizing as all breeders have since the days of Mendel. It will all change as genomic (molecular) breeding progresses, but that time for orchids is still in its infancy.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Oncidium Sharry Baby âSweet Fragranceâ AM-CCM/AOS grown by Anna S. Chai.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJG37VsGrYSwall_image-breeding-for-fragrance-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":872,"height":1314},"id":"ZwJG37VsGrYSwall","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE PROBLEM CHILD \nBreeding is selecting from what is possible within the whole range of traits available, but not presently in the desired balance within any one plant. You will have this plant here with these qualities and that plant there with those qualities, and you work at incorporating the best of those traits while minimizing the undesirables. So, it is âyesâ to persistent and penetratingly sweet smells reminiscent of vanilla and chocolate and raspberries, but ânoâ to black spots on the leaves! With this I bring up our Problem Child, Oncidium Sharry Baby, whose addicting fragrance is paired with persistent necrotic spots.","spans":[{"start":548,"end":556,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Back in the late 1980s, when the clone Onc. Sharry Baby âSweet Fragranceâ hit the market, it was a sensation. The orders for the first clonal run went from 10,000 to 50,000 in a matter of months. It was an easy-growing plant with a beautiful presentation of multiple spikes and heavily laden panicles of intoxicatingly fragrant flowers. But there was a âbut,â and the âbutâ was a really serious problem that proved intractable. Over the life of the plant when faced with stressors, whether environmental or just the demands of growing, the plants would become blemished by necrosis, that is, numerous leaf cells that would die and turn black. No fertilizer, fungicide or bactericide was effective in preventing or curing the issue. The plant was still vigorous, it would continue to flower and favor the room with it âscentualâ charms, but it was a flawed beauty. Here was a classic example of the need to breed a solution. So off I went, trying to equal the great scent of Sharry Baby but with improved traits for both the grower and enthusiast.","spans":[{"start":39,"end":43,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"First, let us understand the plant better. Oncidium Sharry Baby (Jamie Sutton à Honolulu) was registered in 1983 by D. OâFlaherty, originating at the Beall Nursery. It was the only hybrid ever registered by Dorothy OâFlaherty, but it was a great one. Dan Harvey was the Manager at Beall Orchid Company and allowed her the privilege of naming the grex after she had the first awarded plant, in 1982, an HCC/AOS of 78 points. The judges noted that the plant exhibited traits that were an â...improvement over both parents,â but oddly did not comment on fragrance. However, the clonal epithet tells the tale, Onc. Sharry Baby Ê»HeavenÊ»s ScentÊ» HCC/AOS.","spans":[{"start":43,"end":51,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Oncidium leucochilum âUschiâ AM/AOS grown by Helmut Rohrl.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGtrVsGrYSwalk_image-breeding-for-fragrance-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":904},"id":"ZwJGtrVsGrYSwalk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Oncidium sotoanum âKristiâ AM/AOS grown by John Dunkelberger","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGpbVsGrYSwalj_image-breeding-for-fragrance-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":890},"id":"ZwJGpbVsGrYSwalj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Oncidium anthocrene âFinca Draculaâ HCC/AOS grown by Woodstream Orchids.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGkrVsGrYSwali_image-breeding-for-fragrance-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":650,"height":902},"id":"ZwJGkrVsGrYSwali","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Oncidium altissimum âKathieâ CCM/AOS grown by Joseph J. Francis. Pictures 2 through 5 are the four species that make up the background of Onc. Sharry Baby","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":142,"end":146,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGfbVsGrYSwalh_image-breeding-for-fragrance-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":904},"id":"ZwJGfbVsGrYSwalh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Sharry Baby was rewarded with 10 AOS awards, besides awards from other judging entities, and has now been used 41 times as a parent with twice that in total progeny. The plant came to my attention here in Hawaii when Neal Okimoto at Pacific Paradise Orchid flowered it and was awarded an 80-point AM/AOS for the clone Ê»Sweet FragranceÊ». This followed earlier AOS awards, one of which included the description that the clone was fragrant and that this was âcharacteristic of the cross.â Okimoto was a contract grower for a mainland nursery that sent him young plants from the Beall Nursery to grow to flowering size. He selected the clone âSweet Fragranceâ as being a superior grower with improved traits as compared to its siblings. Okimoto commented that all of the seedlings were fragrant. Every perfumer in every parfumerie in Paris would love to bottle the heady fragrance that Sharry Baby gives away so freely as the greenhouse warms up mid-morning and then lingers through the afternoon (Yeh et al. 2022) Let us break this plant down, as it is the seminal hybrid in breeding for fragrance in the Oncidiinae, both as a proof of concept of the demand by consumers as well as a cornerstone breeder for those so interested.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"First, the pollen parent. Oncidium Honolulu (Moir à leucochilum) was registered by W.W.G. Moir in 1970. The eponymous Onc. Moir is (altissimum à leucochilum), so the Onc. Honolulu genotype is 75% Onc. leucochilum. As an aside, there is an intriguing Onc. Moir hybrid that was named Oncidium Fragrance (Moir à Brutus). Oncidium Brutus is a cross Oncidium fuscatum à Oncidium maculatum and, although I have never seen or smelled one, I know that Onc. maculatum has aromas of tropical fruits such as banana or honeyed pineapple. I am very familiar with Onc. fuscatum, which can have a rose or citrusy scent. Unfortunately, there are no offspring registered from Onc. Fragrance despite the promising and intriguing name. So, with no known clones extant and no progeny, there is nothing further to go on, unless one chooses to âbegin at the beginning.â Because I have lost my clone of Onc. Honolulu, I would have to rebuild that side of the Onc. Fragrance equation and then remake Onc. Brutus â that is a generation shorter as a primary hybrid. It seems like a good idea; I will try to let you know in another 7â10 years what happened.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":34,"type":"em"},{"start":52,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":132,"end":142,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":156,"type":"em"},{"start":166,"end":170,"type":"em"},{"start":196,"end":212,"type":"em"},{"start":250,"end":254,"type":"em"},{"start":282,"end":290,"type":"em"},{"start":318,"end":326,"type":"em"},{"start":345,"end":383,"type":"em"},{"start":444,"end":458,"type":"em"},{"start":550,"end":563,"type":"em"},{"start":659,"end":663,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The capsule parent of Onc. Sharry Baby is Oncidium Jamie Sutton (sotoanum à anthocrene). Oncidium sotoanum was incorrectly long known as Oncidium ornithorynchum, and it is arguably the most important species in hybridizing fragrant Oncidiinae. It has certainly been prolific, with 101 first-generation offspring and approaching 300 second-generation and beyond progeny as of 2024. It is found from Mexico south to Panama (Pfahl 2024) and has the highly desirable characteristics of being densely floriferous, attractively colored a light rose pink, and has a fragrance that cries for ambergris. It was not until later, long after I had acquired Onc. Jamie Sutton and made many crosses with it, registering 11, that I even thought of how important the Onc. anthocrene may have been in Jamie Suttonâs success as a breeder.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":42,"end":50,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":137,"end":160,"type":"em"},{"start":751,"end":766,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This brings up the question: Why does Onc. Sharry Baby have noticeably improved fragrance over either parent? There is a basic genomic principle that explains how this can happen. Parents are selected for specific traits, for example, vigor, size, color of flowers and fragrance. There are controlling genes on each side of the parental equation, and, through the principle of transgressive segregation (TS), hybrid progeny can exceed the parental phenotypes. As an example, the individual parents may have contained genes for pervasive, pungent or unique aromas but the expression of those compounds may have been inhibited by the lack of necessary enzymes. Thus, they may have had genomic potential but lacked the necessary enablers, for example, proteins or enzymes. Through TS, the capacity exists in the progeny to express superior characteristics than the parents. It is like heterosis, the phenomenon whereby a filial 1 (F1) hybrid can outperform its best parent, what we sometimes call âhybri
998d vigor.â Fortunately, for breeders everywhere, in all genera, these improvements are heritably stable.","spans":[{"start":38,"end":42,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SOLVING THE PROBLEM\nThe makeup of the Oncidiinae once amounted to 87 genera and 1,200â1,300 species (Baker and Baker 2006). After reclassification based on a molecular approach the Alliance now consists of 65 genera and approximately 1,000 species (Chase 2008, 2015). Of these, the most important genus for my purposes of hybridizing is the genus Oncidium, with approximately 305 species. The following have been available and important in the breeding for fragrance in the Alliance.","spans":[{"start":347,"end":355,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Note: these are by no means the only fragrant species with the genus Oncidium, and certainly not within the much more diverse Oncidiinae. I have listed them as important in the genetic makeup of some of the more fragrant hybrids I have made or am familiar with.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium species first-generation offspring (OrchidPro 6-2024)/Total Progeny (Orchidwiz 2022) \nharryanum 221/8022 (!!!) \nfuscatum 133/909 \nmaculatum 107/385 \nleucochilum 106/827 \nsotoanum 101/369 \nschroederianum 56/213 \nhastilabium 53/82 \nincurvum 51/265 \nanthrocrene 11/231 \ncariniferum 26/440 \ncheirophorum 26/94","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":94,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":104,"type":"em"},{"start":121,"end":129,"type":"em"},{"start":139,"end":148,"type":"em"},{"start":158,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":179,"end":187,"type":"em"},{"start":197,"end":211,"type":"em"},{"start":220,"end":231,"type":"em"},{"start":239,"end":247,"type":"em"},{"start":256,"end":267,"type":"em"},{"start":276,"end":287,"type":"em"},{"start":296,"end":308,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These species all have unique traits that are important to understand as they are incorporated into a breeding program. They each bring different-sized plants, type and length of inflorescence, flower count, seasonality, vigor, etc.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Because we are interested primarily in fragrance I will now focus on just one, Onc. sotoanum. Its size, shape, and inflorescence are not why it is brought to the breederâs bench. Although its color, a soft rosy pink, is highly desirable, it is the fragrance that brings it to the bench, and then it is off the charts! It has been praised (and criticized!) for a pervasive sweetness â some find it even syrupy. It has a musky, nutty quality that might be the base and, thus, helps explain the chocolate notes in some of its progeny such as Onc. Sharry Baby.","spans":[{"start":79,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":539,"end":543,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Additional species important in the development of fragrance in the Oncidium Alliance","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Oncidium harryanum âHarryâs Visionâ HCC/AOS grown by New Vision Orchids.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGX7VsGrYSwalg_image-breeding-for-fragrance-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":658,"height":882},"id":"ZwJGX7VsGrYSwalg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Oncidium fuscatum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGUrVsGrYSwalf_image-breeding-for-fragrance-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":654,"height":880},"id":"ZwJGUrVsGrYSwalf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Oncidium maculatum âThanks Rolfâ AM/ AOS grown by John Dunkelberger","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGPrVsGrYSwale_image-breeding-for-fragrance-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":646,"height":876},"id":"ZwJGPrVsGrYSwale","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Oncidium schroederianum âJorge Brenesâ AM/AOS grown by Jorge Brenes. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGM7VsGrYSwald_image-breeding-for-fragrance-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":652,"height":870},"id":"ZwJGM7VsGrYSwald","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Oncidium hastilabium âDark Angelâ CBR
998/AOS grown by J\u0026L Orchids.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGEbVsGrYSwalc_image-breeding-for-fragrance-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":650,"height":868},"id":"ZwJGEbVsGrYSwalc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Oncidium incurvum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJGAbVsGrYSwalb_image-breeding-for-fragrance-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":638,"height":874},"id":"ZwJGAbVsGrYSwalb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Oncidium cariniferum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJF8LVsGrYSwala_image-breeding-for-fragrance-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":654,"height":860},"id":"ZwJF8LVsGrYSwala","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Oncidium cheirophorum âMemorial Richard Waughâ CCM/AOS grown by Tom Waugh.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJF5LVsGrYSwalZ_image-breeding-for-fragrance-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":642,"height":856},"id":"ZwJF5LVsGrYSwalZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium sotoanum has been registered for at least 48 primary hybrids, meaning crossed with another species. This is important to know when evaluating the inheritance of genetic traits, because it can be assumed that a primary hybrid (between two species of the same or a different genus) is most commonly made with naturally occurring diploid parents. The reason this is important is that there is research in other genera of orchids (Yeh et al. 2021) on this subject. It has been established that when seed and pollen parents are both fragrant that fragrance expression can be up to 100%. However, when only a single parent is fragrant, then the likelihood of fragrance expression drops to less than 57%. Given that information and the experience of working with fragrant species that do not always pass on the trait of fragrance, it is helpful to review what has been done in the Oncidiinae. The most utilized primary hybrids from sotoanum include\nà hyphaematicum = John Louis Shirah 22 F1 offspring \nà cheirophorum = Twinkle 26 F1 offspring \nà anthocrene = Jamie Sutton 11 F1 offspring \nà fuscatum = Ruffles 6 F1 offspring","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":953,"end":966,"type":"em"},{"start":1006,"end":1018,"type":"em"},{"start":1048,"end":1058,"type":"em"},{"start":1093,"end":1101,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"All these parent species are fragrant to a greater or lesser extent. In the hybrids, the Oncidium John Louis Shirah that I have collected in the past are not fragrant. (I repeat, for purposes of this article, I refer to fragrance as being noticeable at some distance from the plant proper.) The Twinkles and the Jamie Suttons are fragrant, as are the Ruffles. I remember a cross of Oncidium Burgundy (sotoanum à leucochilum), which was surprisingly not fragrant, and I do not recall Oncostele Elske Stolze (sotoanum à Rhynchostele bictoniense) being fragrant either. So, in my experience, I would say that Oncidium species are not anywhere near 100% transmissible for fragrance traits at the primary hybrid level. I will not pretend to know enough about genetics to state categorically that fragrance is recessive in Oncidium species, but again, from experience, I can state that it is at best an unreliable trait even in primary hybrids.","spans":[{"start":89,"end":97,"type":"em"},{"start":382,"end":390,"type":"em"},{"start":401,"end":423,"type":"em"},{"start":507,"end":542,"type":"em"},{"start":606,"end":614,"type":"em"},{"start":817,"end":825,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the following complex hybrids (that is, beyond primary), the lack of fragrance as a dominant trait is even more noticeable. This could be affected by imbalanced sets of chromosomes (e.g., 28, 32, etc.) and/
998or higher ploidy in one of the parents (e.g., 3n, 4n, etc.) Of the top 10 parents when bred with sotoanum, only four are known to me to be reliably fragrant: Twinkle, Jamie Sutton, Ruffles and Oncidium Pacific Sunrise. I am familiar with only three of the others, John Louis Shirah, Cyrtocidium Intermezzo and Oncidumnia Kutoo, and do not recall fragrance in them.","spans":[{"start":306,"end":314,"type":"em"},{"start":402,"end":410,"type":"em"},{"start":492,"end":503,"type":"em"},{"start":519,"end":529,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Debutante (Iwanaga 1960) is (fuscatum à cariniferum), and I used it extensively as did many others. There are 54 first-generation hybrids and more than 350 total progenies, so it has been influential for breeding in the alliance. However, the clones I worked with were not fragrant. It is one of those hybrids that led me to conclude early in my career that fragrance, which this cross has on both sides, is not necessarily a dominant characteristic.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":38,"end":60,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Ruffles (Moir 1960) was the primary hybrid of (sotoanum à fuscatum) and was later remade by me using the clones Onc. fuscatum âWeltoniiâ and Onc. sotoanum âSellonâ AM/AOS. The parent plants came from two of my orchid mentors, Milton Warne and Ron Sellon. MiltonÊ»s brother, Robert Warne, originally acquired the clone Onc. fuscatum Ê»WeltoniiÊ» in England in the 1930s. It was my most highly prized breeding plant, alas it disappeared from my bench over time. Ron Sellon was a great source for various Oncidiinae in the 1980s and was an active hybridizer. The Ruffles I remade was a floriferous, free-flowering, fragrant grex and notably had light-toned, bright colors as opposed to many fuscatum hybrids that have duller, more earth-toned results. Ruffles provided a fragrance base for Oncidium Heaven Scent, Oncidium Redolent, Oncidium Aunties Purfume, Oncidium Scentsasion, Oncidium Pagans Scent, and Oncidium Parfumerie. Notice a common element? All the grex names connote fragrance. Although fragrance may not always be a dominant trait, it is certainly a heritable one.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":56,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":121,"end":134,"type":"em"},{"start":150,"end":163,"type":"em"},{"start":326,"end":339,"type":"em"},{"start":694,"end":702,"type":"em"},{"start":793,"end":801,"type":"em"},{"start":816,"end":824,"type":"em"},{"start":835,"end":843,"type":"em"},{"start":861,"end":869,"type":"em"},{"start":883,"end":891,"type":"em"},{"start":910,"end":918,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Jimbo is (fuscatum à Kilauea) hybrid, made by McCully in 2001, was used extensively for compact and floriferous progeny. Its mild fragrance was primarily from fuscatum (citrus, tea, rose) and Onc. incurvum (soap, white flowers). It was used as a parent for ten registered hybrids and has a total of 26 progeny. It was a parent to Oncidium Pacific Pagan, the parent of Oncidium Pagans Scent (à Heaven Scent), as well as Oncidium AKA Baby (Jimbo à Sharry Baby).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":19,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":168,"end":176,"type":"em"},{"start":201,"end":214,"type":"em"},{"start":339,"end":347,"type":"em"},{"start":377,"end":385,"type":"em"},{"start":428,"end":436,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Pacific Pagan (Debutante à Jimbo) (McCully 2004) has primary fuscatum hybrids on both sides along with the fragrant cariniferum, which has always reminded me of vanilla. Do not sleep on the influence of cariniferum. The pollen parent brings in Onc. cariniferum through Onc. Debutante, and its aromaticity may have lain dormant in that parent, but perhaps was now able to be expressed.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":78,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":136,"type":"em"},{"start":212,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":253,"end":269,"type":"em"},{"start":278,"end":282,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Heaven Scent (Ruffles à Sharry Baby) (McCully 2010) had a lighter fragrance than Sharry Baby but more than the Ruffles. It was an upright, branched panicle, unlike the Onc. Ruffles capsule parent. Its foliage did n
998ot show necrosis. Color was light reddish-purple hues, away from the darker Sharry Baby; however, the most popular clone âRedolenceâ shows more mahogany. It had aromas of chocolate but with citrus with a sharper fragrance than its pollen parent. It was a successful pot plant as a substitute to Onc. Sharry Baby for being fragrant with no necrosis and easier to pack/ship due to its smaller stature. It is still available in the trade from time to time.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":177,"end":182,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Pagans Scent (Heavens Scent à Pacific Pagan) (McCully 2012) increased the sotoanum to 25% and brought in leucochilum and anthocrene. The grex showed a characteristic fragrance throughout the seedling population, very compact, fully flowered panicles with contrasting colors, and a sweet scent of tea, honey and vanilla. The clone âHannaâ is a vigorous, free-flowering plant that is successful in the trade. You may see it on the shelves, hopefully with a plant tag in the pot.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":83,"end":91,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":125,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":140,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The little-known grex Onc. Parfumerie (Heaven Scent à Sublime) (McCully 2012) was unfortunately sterile as, alas, I tried many times. This was composed of sotoanum, fuscatum, harryanum, anthocrene, and leucochilum. It sported Oncidium Jamie Sutton (sotoanum à anthocrene) on both sides of its parentage. It had a full, heady fragrance that was in the âBed, Bath, and Beyondâ school of scents. The vigor and fertility genes were excluded, so the serendipitous fragrance is now only legend, the plants have all disappeared.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":37,"type":"em"},{"start":155,"end":197,"type":"em"},{"start":202,"end":213,"type":"em"},{"start":226,"end":234,"type":"em"},{"start":249,"end":270,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Aka Baby âRaspberry Chocolateâ HCC/AOS is arguably the most similar to, as well as the best improvement upon, Onc. Sharry Baby. It is (Jimbo à Sharry Baby) (Buckman 2008) and is the combination of three lines of fragrant oncidium breeding; Jimbo, Jamie Sutton and Honolulu. Buckman, in interviews, stated that he used a unique clone of Onc. Sharry Baby, âYellowâ, that he acquired from Japan. It was a somaclonal mutation that appeared stable. Buckman purchased a mericlone flask from the nursery, and it was notable for being necrosis-free, fragrant, compact and with flowers underlaid with yellow. Lower flower count was its primary fault. Buckman also made the same cross with three other clones of Sharry Baby, the offspring were notably poorer. Buckman then selected the awarded plant from the cross made with Ê»Yellowâ and also selected another seedling that he named âVanilla Creamâ, which showed yellow in its underlayment of the tepals (sepals and petals), overall lighter color and with only slightly less fragrance. Aka Baby is phenotypically dominated by the combination of fuscatum and leucochilum, but genotypically it also has an equal measure of sotoanum and anthocrene. A dollop of incurvum (6.3%) and a smidge (3%) of cariniferum add to its fragrance lineage. That is six fragrant species, so perhaps a shotgun effect is the best for hitting the mark?","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":123,"type":"em"},{"start":345,"end":349,"type":"em"},{"start":1094,"end":1102,"type":"em"},{"start":1107,"end":1118,"type":"em"},{"start":1170,"end":1178,"type":"em"},{"start":1183,"end":1193,"type":"em"},{"start":1207,"end":1215,"type":"em"},{"start":1244,"end":1255,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Oncidium Heaven Scent âSweet Babyâ CCM/AOS grown by Teresa OâNeil.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJF0bVsGrYSwalY_image-breeding-for-fragrance-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":706},"id":"ZwJF0bVsGrYSwalY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Oncidium Pagan Scent âHannaâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJFyLVsGrYSwalX_image-breeding-for-fragrance-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":648,"height":716},"id":"ZwJFyLVsGrYSwalX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Oncidium Aka Baby","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJFvrVsGrYSwalW_image-breeding-for-fragrance-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":652,"height":838},"id":"ZwJFvrVsGrYSwalW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Oncidium Ronâs Rippling Delight âCoos Bayâ HCC/AOS grown by Jerry and Carol Baughman","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJFq7VsGrYSwalV_image-breeding-for-fragrance-17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1312,"height":864},"id":"ZwJFq7VsGrYSwalV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another approach to fragrance is to choose away from the upright, branched inflorescence (a panicle) and toward an arching spike (a raceme) that may have only a few or incipient branching. This avenue would rely predominately on the fragrant species Onc. schroederianum, Onc. harry
998anum (aka wyattianum) and Onc. sotoanum. The less well-known Onc. anthocrene (formerly a Cyrtochilum) displays a raceme. The cornerstone hybrids for my breeding approach were Onc. Jamie Sutton and Oncidium Ronâs Rippling Delight (fuscatum à schroederianum).","spans":[{"start":250,"end":269,"type":"em"},{"start":271,"end":285,"type":"em"},{"start":291,"end":301,"type":"em"},{"start":307,"end":320,"type":"em"},{"start":342,"end":357,"type":"em"},{"start":370,"end":381,"type":"em"},{"start":456,"end":459,"type":"em"},{"start":478,"end":486,"type":"em"},{"start":511,"end":519,"type":"em"},{"start":522,"end":536,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Burgundian (schroederianum à Harry Sutton) was named to celebrate another interest of mineâ¦wine. The scent given off from this grex reminded me of a complex red burgundy, say from Vosne Romanee. A heady mix of Asian spices, clove and cinnamon, characteristic of the finest of these wines. The fragrance also had an underlying base of chocolate and citrus, no doubt from the Onc. Jamie Sutton. When I named the Oncidium Harry Sutton (Jamie Sutton à harryanum), there was some controversy about whether it should have been identified as Oncidium (aka Odontoglossum) wyattianum rather than Oncidium (aka Odontoglossum) harryanum. I went with what was on the label; however, I always remember being told that one of the distinctions between the two species was that wyattianum was noticeably fragrant, more so than harryanum. This frequently has multiple spikes from the Onc. schroederianum, with firm, arching racemes rather than the panicle form of an inflorescence I normally breed toward. I prefer flowers up above the foliage, and this type of breeding usually starts flowering at the height of the pseudobulb itself. This is not a major fault; in fact there have been AOS awards on some of the clones I selected. The vividly wine-colored tepals and the deep-purple, velvet lip connote both the name and the experience of a fine burgundy.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":21,"end":35,"type":"em"},{"start":383,"end":387,"type":"em"},{"start":419,"end":427,"type":"em"},{"start":457,"end":466,"type":"em"},{"start":544,"end":552,"type":"em"},{"start":558,"end":571,"type":"em"},{"start":573,"end":583,"type":"em"},{"start":596,"end":604,"type":"em"},{"start":610,"end":623,"type":"em"},{"start":771,"end":781,"type":"em"},{"start":820,"end":829,"type":"em"},{"start":876,"end":895,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Red Wasp (leuchochilum à Harry Sutton) has an intoxicating scent of sweet mead with a cinnamon stick or a honeyed, spiced citrus depending on the time of day. A brief aside: my selection of this cross was doomed to languish on my âold stockâ bench but for the insistence of Sam Cowie of Leaf and Limb Nursery in Queensland, Australia. He banged the drum hard for this plant to remain in production and so it has. Good on ya, mate! It is a double spiker with a persistent fragrance that more than makes up for any perceived defects. I judge my material pretty hard; flower count and arrangement, general form, color (not just types of color but hue, brightness, saturation, reflection, absorption, etc.), longevity and a host of other traits all need to be taken into account, but sometimes one big thing makes up for a myriad of minor faults. Here this is an example.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":19,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Oncidium (PuaKana à Tomcat)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwJFlbVsGrYSwalT_image-breeding-for-fragrance-18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":980,"height":1280},"id":"ZwJFlbVsGrYSwalT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE PROBLEMâS SOLUTIONS? \nSome recent hybrids I have made that are too soon to determine how they will perform or contribute in the fragrance breeding program for the pot plant trade but are encouraging include:\nOncostele PuaKana (Onc. Senor Cusi à Firecat). Oncidium Senor Cusi is (schroederianum à Sandrinho). Oncidium Sandrinho is (schroederianum à incurvum). My friend Sandro Cusi lives and collects orchids in Mexico and was my source for the material that led me down the path less taken in fragrant Oncidiinae, one that has been based on Onc. schroederieanum. I named Onc. Senor Cusi in his honor.","spans":[{"start":212,"end":230,"type":"em"},{"start":231,"end":235,"type":"em"},{"start":259,"end":267,"type":"em"},{"start":283,"end":297,"type":"em"},{"start":312,"end":320,"type":"em"},{"start":335,"end":349,"type":"em"},{"start":352,"end":360,"type":"em"},{"start":545,"end":565,"type":"em"},{"start":575,"end":579,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncostele PuaKana brings a persistent grape-jam fragrance with long-lasting, midsize flowers and heavy texture. Early days suggest it will be a significant breeder. My memory of a delightful evening with the Cusis and my wife on their terrace overlooking the Valle de Bravo as hummingbirds visited us at twilight persists to this day as if it were just last night. It is one of my lifeâs madeleines.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium Witchâs Fire (WitchÊ»s Jewels à Two Alarm Fire) has fuscatum, harryanum and schroederianum on the capsule parent side and leucochilum, fuscatum, Oncidium hastatum, and schroederianum on the pollen parent side. As a large flower with the lip colored a deep blood-red with the tepals maroonish black, it has a distinctly sweet fragrance from Onc. schroederianum. This is an important species in any Oncidiinae breeding program for fragrance, and it is the predominant source of fragrance for Onc. RonÊ»s Rippling Delight. The hybrid Witchâs Fire is effectively a line-bred Ronâs Rippling Delight in that I selected for further breeding the phenotypic qualities of the Ronâs Rippling Delightsâs desirable traits â a compact spike, multispikes per bulb, large flowers, vigorous grower, and, yes, fragrant! The âFireâ in Witchâs Fire is a result of Oncidium Fireflower âBurgundyâ (Carmine à Lippestern), a grandparent of Onc. Two Alarm Fire. I selected to keep the carmine-red color over the generations. How will the market respond? We shall see!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"},{"start":60,"end":79,"type":"em"},{"start":84,"end":98,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":171,"type":"em"},{"start":176,"end":190,"type":"em"},{"start":348,"end":367,"type":"em"},{"start":851,"end":859,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncostelopsis Go For Broke (Oncidopsis Francine à Oncostele PuaKana) is just now flowering for the first time and showing a wide array of characteristics. One selection, dominated by Oip. Francine genes, is superior in its bright cherry-red color and twice the size of either parent, perhaps even larger than Oncidopsis Nelly Isler. Another seedling hews to the Ons. PuaKana and is a dense bicolor with spicy sweetness. This cross
998shows great heterogeneity and I have a couple hundred more to flower â fingers crossed.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":28,"end":38,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":59,"type":"em"},{"start":183,"end":186,"type":"em"},{"start":309,"end":319,"type":"em"},{"start":362,"end":366,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncostele Dusky Birds (PuaKana à Aka Baby) (McCully 2019): this seedling sports a windmill inflorescence reminiscent of Onc. Issaku Nagata. It has a huge Christmas-treeâshaped spike, densely flowered with vividly contrasting flowers that sport a whiff of candied fruits and eucalyptus honey.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":120,"end":124,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Finally, I would be remiss if I did not at least mention the promise held by including Miltoniopsis in an Oncidiinae intergeneric breeding program for fragrance. I consider this the most promising element in my breeding program toward the next level of pot-plant cultivars for the market, for both consumers and connoisseurs. Its potential is hinted at in the previous referenced seedling, Oncostelopsis Go For Broke. It deserves its own article.","spans":[{"start":87,"end":99,"type":"em"},{"start":390,"end":403,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For me, these are still early days in this line of breeding. Hopefully, I will have the time and the luck to finish the problem of fragrance in the Oncidiinae. As it is, please, savor your madeleines!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References\nBaker, M. and C. Baker. 2006. Orchid Species Culture: Oncidium/Odontoglossum Alliance. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. \nChase, M., K. Cameron, J. Freudenstein, A. Pridgeon, G. Salazar, C. van den Berg and A. Schuiteman. 2015. An Updated Classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177(2):151â174. \nChase, M., N. Williams, K. Neubig and W. Whitten. 2008. Taxonomic Transfers in Oncidiinae to Accord with Genera Orchidacearum, Volume 5. Orchids 77:20â31. \nKim S.M., S. Park, J.W. Wong, E.J. Jang and C.H. Pak. 2016. Psychophysiological Effects of Orchid and Rose Fragrances on Humans. Horticultural Science and Technology. 30 June 2016:472â487.\nMcCully, J. 2019. Reflections of a Hybridizer. Supplement to Orchids: The Oncidium Alliance. 21â27.\nPfahl, J. Internet Orchid Species Encyclopedia. orchidspecies.com. Accessed April 2024.\nYeh, W.-C., C.-Y. Hung and L.-H. Du. 2021. Breeding of Fragrant Phalaenopsis. WenHuei Chen and Hong-Hwa Chen, editors. Orchid Biotechnology IV. World Scientific, Singapore. p. 43â61.\nYeh, C.-W., H.-Q. Zhong, Y.-F. Ho, Z.-H. Tian and K.-W. Yeh. 2022. The Diurnal Emission of Floral Scent in Oncidium Hybrid Orchid is Controlled by Circadian Clock Associated 1 (Cca1) Through the Direct Regulation on terpene synthase. BMC Plant Biology 22:472. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03850-z (uses Onc. Sharry Baby as test subject to determine release of floral scents).","spans":[{"start":41,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":98,"type":"em"},{"start":279,"end":319,"type":"em"},{"start":443,"end":464,"type":"em"},{"start":465,"end":471,"type":"em"},{"start":472,"end":473,"type":"em"},{"start":475,"end":482,"type":"em"},{"start":623,"end":659,"type":"em"},{"start":730,"end":775,"type":"em"},{"start":830,"end":848,"type":"em"},{"start":990,"end":1013,"type":"em"},{"start":1161,"end":1169,"type":"em"},{"start":1288,"end":1305,"type":"em"},{"start":1363,"end":1367,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â James McCully, Mauna Kea Orchids, has been growing and breeding orchids since 1983. His exclusive focus since 1994 has been with the Oncidiinae. His own definitions for improvement in his breeding lines are toward meeting the demands of the consumer market. His current distributors include Floricultura in Europe, Flor y Flor and Magna Flora in Brazil, Leaf and Limb in the Down Under, Matsui Nursery in the USA and Hilo Orchid Farm and all his friends in Hawaii. He appreciates that his wife Fran has had a lifelong tolerance for his endeavors, his passions and his distractions. He hopes Oip. Francine turns out to be a fitting tribute to her. It is a lovely thing.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":593,"type":"em"},{"start":596,"end":670,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZvevJxAAACAAzeKv","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"october-2024-supplement","first_publication_date":"2024-09-30T19:43:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T10:07:37+0000","uid":"orchids-october-2024-supplement","link_type":"Document","key":"e9880c09-6871-49c0-baae-353e70eabbe5","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Breeding for Fragrance in the Oncidium Alliance","MetaDescription":"Follow James McCully as he takes us through 40 years of breeding for fragrance in this popular group of plants.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"3fc6d14e-1655-4026-be07-185f054d1135","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZvziDREAACAAUj27","uid":"build-afragrant-orchid-collection","url":"/orchids/articles/build-afragrant-orchid-collection","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZvziDREAACAAUj27%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","slugs":["building-a-fragrant-orchid-collection"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=15,0,368,233\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":15,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=1,0,396,233\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":1,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=37,0,324,233\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":37,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs_v09n10s1coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,5,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZvvJ17VsGrYSwMIs","edit":{"x":0,"y":5,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Building a Fragrant Orchid Collection","Author":"Claire Garrett","ArticleDate":"2024-10-01","Summary":"So many fragrant orchids. So little time. One grower's journey to building a collection of fragrant orchids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"I REMEMBER THE mesmerizing scent of an orchid seducing me for the first time. It was a big Rhynchostylis gigantea at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden hanging near the doorway connecting two greenhouses. Once I discovered this orchid, I visited it in bloom every January, lingering in its vicinity to steal a few more breaths of that intoxicating fragrance. One year, it was not on display anymore and docents in the greenhouse could not tell me what happened to it, so that is when I decided to finally get one for myself. It was my first expensive orchid purchase.","spans":[{"start":91,"end":114,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a novice orchid grower, my first Rhy. gigantea did not survive, and neither did the next two. I was determined to learn what this orchid needed to thrive so I could have that captivating fragrance in my own backyard every winter. Not only did I finally learn how to grow this orchid well, but I grew it well enough to win my first AOS award in 2018. It was a First Class Certificate. I gave it the clonal name âClaire de Luneâ and, in 2024, this peach-colored Rhynchostylis was awarded a Certificate of Cultural Excellence.","spans":[{"start":36,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":463,"end":476,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I cannot recommend which orchids to acquire for a fragrant collection, because fragrance is subjective. What delights me may be overpowering for you. A fragrance that I enjoy may be almost undetectable or even disagreeable to someone else. A fragrance-based collection is by its nature a uniquely personal collection. Also, we may have quite different growing conditions, so my choices may not do well for you. However, what I can do is describe how I built my fragrant orchid collection and share some of my personal favorites for readers to investigate.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My collection of several hundred orchids began as it does for many people: with gifts, âno I.D.â hand-me-downs, and divisions from friends. But when I became interested enough to go to orchid shows, I noticed it was my nose that did the shopping. If I passed by an orchid and it beckoned me to come back to take another sniff, I knew that I would probably want to take it home, providing I had the right conditions of temperature, light and available space for it to succeed in my South Florida backyard.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although it was not essential, I decided I also had to love its appearance so that I would not begrudge c
998aring for it when not in bloom. If both the fragrance and appearance delighted me, and if I believed I could offer the correct conditions, I brought it home. That is how my fragrant orchid collection began.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When I discovered that there was a huge selection of fragrant orchids across countless different genera in a vast array of colors, shapes, sizes, and scents, I knew that I could build a unique and interesting collection by deliberately focusing on the characteristic of fragrance. That is when I began to search actively for fragrant orchids to add to my young collection. I devoured the 2005 Steven A. Frowine book Fragrant Orchids and marked many orchids in that volume with Post-it notes. The orchid profiles there include many important categories for growers to be aware of such as temperature, light, size of the mature plant and a description of its fragrance and intensity. There are also several useful Appendices that focus on criteria such as Ease of Culture, Light Requirements, Nighttime Temperature Preferences, Intensity of Fragrance, Time of Fragrance and Season of Bloom that I found helpful.","spans":[{"start":416,"end":432,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When I discovered fragrant orchids that met my criteria at orchid society meetings or in the collections of friends, I added them to my shopping list. As with building any type of collection, it is necessary to be disciplined. I try to be mindful of my conditions and also my limitations of space, time and resources. Although I can sometimes be tempted, I try to exercise selectivity and stick to my shopping list. These days just a few orchids are on that list, because my collection is nearly full. Adding too many new ones means the need to divest myself of others. My wish list currently includes the rarely seen Scuticaria steelii and Galeandra devoniana. I became enchanted with these divinely fragrant orchids during the May 2023 Orchid Conservation Alliance Orchids in the Wild Ecotour on the Rio Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon. I immediately added them to my highly selective list, and I have been searching for them ever since. It is good that I am a patient collector who is willing to wait as long as it takes to find the objects of my desire.","spans":[{"start":618,"end":636,"type":"em"},{"start":641,"end":660,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Rhynchostylis gigantea âClaire de Luneâ FCC-CCE/AOS belonging to the author","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c9bVsGrYSwRZw_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1034,"height":1420},"id":"Zv0c9bVsGrYSwRZw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Galeandra devoniana photographed in situ in the Brazilian Amazon.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c9rVsGrYSwRZx_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":676},"id":"Zv0c9rVsGrYSwRZx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Scuticaria steelei photographed in situ in the Brazilian Amazon.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c97VsGrYSwRZy_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":676},"id":"Zv0c97VsGrYSwRZy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Prosthechea sima âLilâ CBR/AOS exhibited by the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c-LVsGrYSwRZ0_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":674},"id":"Zv0c-LVsGrYSwRZ0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Not all fragrance is ânice.â Some scents are too sweet, like a cheap cologne that quickly gets tiresome. The Miltoniopsis that I gave to my sister was so floriferous and the fragrance so strong that she nicknamed it âMr. Stinkyâ and put it outdoors on the patio when it bloomed. Prosthechea (Encyclia) sima, which I bought on the urging of the grower who just loved the fragrance, turned out to be so overpowering (for me) that I drive with the windows open when I take it for ribbon judging. I never liked using Coppertone sunscreen, so Maxillaria tenuifolia, with its coconut-scented fragrance, reminiscent of that product, is not hanging in my shade house. Some orchids, such as those bulbophyllums that are pollinated by flies, exude smells that are disagreeable to me, so those fascinating orchids are also not included in my collection.","spans":[{"start":109,"end":121,"type":"em"},{"start":279,"end":306,"type":"em"},{"start":538,"end":559,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The fragrances in my orchid collection represent a range of aromas that I happen to find pleasurable: citrusy, spicy, refreshing, sweet, fruity, vanilla, nutmeg, honey, lil
998y-of-the-valley, and some that could only be characterized as indescribable or mysterious but intriguing (to me!). You may prefer other scents. Just as professional home organizer Marie Kondo asks if it sparks joy before discarding an item â I ask myself if this orchid and its fragrance brings me pleasure before adding it to my collection.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Flitting like a bee from flower to flower to sample the symphony of scents that abound in a fragrant orchid collection is a great way to start any day. Honey! Nutmeg! Lemon! Chocolate! Mint! Fresh laundry! Birthday candles! These scents and others call out for my attention. I know that these scents are there to attract pollinators, but they attract me too. Brassia Rex has a nice fragrance but, as it is rather light, it requires approaching quite close to even notice it. One morning I got a little too close and wound up getting pollinated! I thought the blur I was seeing was a smudge on my eyeglasses, but when I took them off to inspect they looked clean. It was not until later when I looked in the mirror that I noticed I had been tagged with a pollinarium on the tip of my nose!","spans":[{"start":152,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":359,"end":370,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Drinking in the scents of fragrant orchids sometimes means sharing the space with bees. I enjoy observing and photographing them foraging for pollen among the dense flowers of my Coelogyne rochussenii. A few minutes after arriving they look like they have put on cute little yellow backpacks. Euglossine orchid bees displaying their striking green metallic sheen also visit my orchids from time to time. I am fascinated by the way they hover like drones near the orchids that attract them.","spans":[{"start":179,"end":200,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some orchids, such as my several beloved Rhy. gigantea, Prosthechea (Encyclia) radiata, Vanda tessellata and Dendrobium Banana Royal are fragrant all day long, while others like Maxillaria hennisiana, Dendrobium peguanum, Cattleya Canhamiana and Paraphadenia Juraj Kojs are most fragrant in the morning. Some orchids are fragrant only at night. Some start to exude fragrance as twilight sets in, whereas others begin later in the evening. Some, like Rhyncholaelia digbyana, are fragrant all night until just before the dawn of a new day. The time and duration of a flowerâs fragrance depends on when its pollinators are active. For some orchid flowers, it takes 24â48 hours for their aroma to be released. Warm, humid conditions seem to enhance intensity, whereas highly airconditioned exhibition spaces tend to suppress fragrance.","spans":[{"start":41,"end":119,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":230,"type":"em"},{"start":246,"end":258,"type":"em"},{"start":450,"end":472,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Some people find the fragrance of Maxillaria tenuifolia overpowering. Pictured is âScarlet Coconutâ AM/AOS grown by Kathleen Snyder.","spans":[{"start":38,"end":60,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c-rVsGrYSwRZ1_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":738},"id":"Zv0c-rVsGrYSwRZ1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Brassia caudata is another Brassia species with a light fragrance.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c-7VsGrYSwRZ3_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":740},"id":"Zv0c-7VsGrYSwRZ3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] A bee foraging in the authorâs Coelogyne rochusenii. Note all the pollinia it has collected on its back. Photograph by the author.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":55,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c_rVsGrYSwRZ4_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1054,"height":1416},"id":"Zv0c_rVsGrYSwRZ4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0e1rVsGrYSwReC_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-c.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":858},"id":"Zv0e1rVsGrYSwReC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0e1bVsGrYSwReB_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-b.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":572,"height":1042},"id":"Zv0e1bVsGrYSwReB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0e1rVsGrYSwReC_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-c.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":858},"id":"Zv0e1rVsGrYSwReC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My after-dark favorites include brassavolas such as nodosa and appendiculata (frequently mislabeled as cucullata), rhyncholaelias such as digbyana and glauca, Epidendrum ciliare (sometimes seen labeled with the synonym Coilostylis ciliaris) and Rhynchovola David Sander. The night garden is enchanting with its wildlife sights and s
998ounds, and I appreciate that these night fragrant orchids lure me outside to experience a world that I would otherwise miss out on. In my opinion, there is no better night-fragrant orchid than Rl. digbyana. Not only is its scent intoxicating, but I enjoy observing its inflorescence slowly unfolding in all its showy fringy glory. The opening of a single flower is a memorable event that occurs over the course of the evening and entire night. I have set my alarm clock at two-hour intervals to witness the magical time-lapse opening of this remarkable flower. All that fringe looks so fragile, but these flowers are surprisingly long lasting, which is an added bonus.","spans":[{"start":52,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":63,"end":76,"type":"em"},{"start":103,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":138,"end":146,"type":"em"},{"start":151,"end":157,"type":"em"},{"start":159,"end":177,"type":"em"},{"start":219,"end":239,"type":"em"},{"start":245,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":525,"end":537,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dendrobium anosmum, often called Dendrobium superbum, has a powerful daytime fragrance.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":37,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0c_7VsGrYSwRZ5_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":750},"id":"Zv0c_7VsGrYSwRZ5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Dendrobium peguanum is a fragrant miniature that requires little room.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0dAbVsGrYSwRZ6_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":754},"id":"Zv0dAbVsGrYSwRZ6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Vandachostylis Lou Sneary was formerly a Neostylis before its parent, Vanda falcata was reclassified as a Vanda.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":75,"end":88,"type":"em"},{"start":111,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0dAbVsGrYSwRZ7_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":750},"id":"Zv0dAbVsGrYSwRZ7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Rhyncholaelia digbyana is the source of wonderful frilly lips in its hybrids, not to mention its spicy fragrance.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0dArVsGrYSwRZ8_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":750},"id":"Zv0dArVsGrYSwRZ8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Trichoglottis fasciata","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0dA7VsGrYSwRZ9_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":748},"id":"Zv0dA7VsGrYSwRZ9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Rhyncholaeliocattleya Chia Lin","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0f5bVsGrYSwRgh_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":876},"id":"Zv0f5bVsGrYSwRgh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Trichoglottis atropurpurea used to be called Trichoglottis brachiata.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":50,"end":73,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zv0f5rVsGrYSwRgj_image-fragrant-orchid-collection-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":1178},"id":"Zv0f5rVsGrYSwRgj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Building any type of collection, including a fragrant orchid collection, will always be a work in progress. Take your time and make it your own, a collection that reflects your own unique tastes and preferences. Show off your collection to your friends and neighbors, most of whom are not aware that fragrant orchids even exist, since they only know phalaenopsis and hard-cane dendrobiums from big box stores.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The familiar advice to âslow down and make time to stop and smell the rosesâ could just as well apply to fragrant orchids. It is a metaphor for giving ourselves permission to enjoy the simple things that restore peace and balance to our hectic lives. Try taking an orchid fragrance break the next time you are feeling stressed out. Build a fragrant orchid collection of scents that you find soothing or stimulating and you will be able to indulge in orchid aromatherapy whenever you need it most.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Claire Garrett has an eclectic collection of species and hybrid orchids that she grows outdoors in Hollywood, Florida in two shadehouses and under a giant bottlebrush tree. She is a member of the Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society and enjoys taking her orchids for AOS and show judging (email: [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZvevJxAAACAAzeKv","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"october-2024-supplement","first_publication_date":"2024-09-30T19:43:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T10:07:37+0000","uid":"orchids-october-2024-supplement","link_type":"Document","key":"1e73f9e1-5998-4152-a606-2ecb31ee7889","
998isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Build a Fragrant Orchid Collection","MetaDescription":"So many fragrant orchids. So little time. One grower's journey to building a collection of fragrant orchids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"654e31d8-0e21-44c2-8495-cf1be3c0e3c8","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZwKLdxEAACAAWlYn","uid":"orchid-scents","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-scents","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZwKLdxEAACAAWlYn%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","slugs":["orchid-scents"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=15,0,368,233\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":15,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=1,0,396,233\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":1,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=37,0,324,233\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":37,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,5,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":0,"y":5,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Orchid Scents","Author":"Ken Slump/Adapted from an article first published in Orchids 75(1)","ArticleDate":"2024-10-01","Summary":"Most corsage buyers and recipients would probably tell you that although orchids are commonly regarded as the most exotic and choice of blossoms for that application, they are, unfortunately, not fragrant. But orchid growers know that this is far from the truth. While many orchids do lack perfume, there are plenty with remarkably strong and distinctive scents.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Most corsage buyers and recipients would probably tell you that although orchids are commonly regarded as the most exotic and choice of blossoms for that application, they are, unfortunately, not fragrant. But orchid growers know that this is far from the truth. While many orchids do lack perfume, there are plenty with remarkably strong and distinctive scents.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"However, floral aromas have not evolved for the amusement of humans. Their sole purpose is to attract a pollinator to the flower. Many fragrant orchids release their scents only during certain hours of the day or night to attract specific pollinators.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"One of the most popular and bestâ known fragrant orchids is Brassavola nodosa, frequently called the lady of the night. The orchidâs common name is derived from its sweet perfume, which is released as the sun goes down so that its pollinator can locate it.","spans":[{"start":60,"end":77,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The pollinator is a moth. Like many eveningâpollinated blossoms, the flowers are also white, making them easier to differentiate in dim light. I knew one orchid grower who enjoyed the fragrance so much that he would take his plant to the bedside table when it was in bloom in order to enjoy the aroma while he slept. Most other Brassavola species have similar fragrances that are released during the evening hours. Happily, many of their hybrids share the characteristic.","spans":[{"start":328,"end":338,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Brassavola belongs to a larger group of orchids commonly called the Cattleya Alliance. There are quite a number of fragrant species and hybrids within this group that possess various sweet floral aromas that are mostly fragrant by day.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CATTLEYAS \nThe subgroup properly known as bifoliate cattleyas includes a number of fragrant species. Some of these include Cattleya bicolor, Cattleya aclandiae, Cattleya schilleriana, Cattleya walkeriana, Cattleya guttata and Cattleya tigrina. Hybrids derived from these are frequently scented as well, particularly when crossed with each other or with scented species and hybrids from the unifoliate Cattleya and Laelia groups.\n\nTwo of the sweetestâscented Cattleya relatives are Rhyncholaelia digbyana and Rhyncholaelia glauca, which are typically most fragrant in the evening. Both of these were previously classified in the genus Brassavola. Their scents have been likened to lemon and lilyâofâtheâvalley. Hybrids derived from these species often carry fragrance as well.","spans":[{"start":123,"end":221,"type":"em"},{"start":226,"end":242,"type":"em"},{"start":401,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":414,"end":420,"type":"em"},{"start":458,"end":466,"type":"em"},{"start":481,"end":503,"type":"em"},{"start":508,"end":528,"type":"em"},{"start":634,"end":644,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"All orchid scents are not pleasing, or perhaps I should say they are not pleasing to all people. Although I have not studied it scientifically, it seems to me that each personâs sense of smell may be unique. Repeatedly, I have found fragrances that are pleasing to me are less well received by someone else, and sometimes the reverse is true. There have also been times I have enjoyed a blossomâs floral scent when another person nearby could detect no fragrance in the same flower. Perhaps that is the crux of the perfume industry.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"BULBOPHYLLUMS\nFortunately, the majority seem to agree on which flowers smell good and which do not, and most concur that some of the least pleasant orchid scents are offered by some of the species belonging to the large amalgamation of orchids from the diverse genus Bulbophyllum. These real stinkers of the orchid clan have evolved to be pollinated by flies, which, to no oneâs surprise, are strongly attracted to flowers that smell like feces or rotting flesh.","spans":[{"start":267,"end":279,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some of their aromas are legendary and I have seen more than one novice unsuspectingly coaxed into taking a good whiff of one, to the delight of those goading them. Bulbophyllum beccarii, Bulbophyllum echinolabium and Bulbophyllum rothschildianum are but a few of numerous offenders. Even the fascinating tufted blossoms of Bulbophyllum medusae have a scent that is less than pretty, though not as foul as some. This is not to say that every Bulbophyllum flower has an obnoxious odor, but beware before you stick your nose into an unknown one.","spans":[{"start":16
9985,"end":177,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":186,"type":"em"},{"start":188,"end":214,"type":"em"},{"start":218,"end":246,"type":"em"},{"start":324,"end":344,"type":"em"},{"start":442,"end":454,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Angraecum longicalcar âTriforceâ AM/ AOS grown by Tyler Curry. This species flowers in the early fall and has a powerful nighttime fragrance. Photograph by Timothy Morton. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLybVsGrYSwaq2_image-orchid-scents-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":778,"height":1068},"id":"ZwKLybVsGrYSwaq2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Rhyncholaelia digbyana âMonsterâ AM/AOS grown by Ramon de los Santos. This is another pleasant, nightâfragrant species. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLybVsGrYSwaq1_image-orchid-scents-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":918,"height":638},"id":"ZwKLybVsGrYSwaq1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis âBravo Orchidsâ AM/AOS grown by William Tse. The flowers of this species smell like rotting meat. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLx7VsGrYSwaq0_image-orchid-scents-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":500,"height":698},"id":"ZwKLx7VsGrYSwaq0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Clowesia rosea bears pleasantly scented flowers. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLxrVsGrYSwaqz_image-orchid-scents-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":504,"height":556},"id":"ZwKLxrVsGrYSwaqz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Cymbidium ensifolium âBi Xing Chenâ AM/ AOS flowers emit a penetrating perfume of clean citrus fruit once ripe. The plant was grown by Jos Venturina.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLxbVsGrYSwaqy_image-orchid-scents-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":494,"height":612},"id":"ZwKLxbVsGrYSwaqy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE VANDA CLAN\nBetter scents are offered by numerous vandaceous orchids. A number of scented species in the genus Vanda itself have aromas frequently described as fruity or spicy. These include Vanda dearei, Vanda denisoniana, Vanda merrillii and Vanda tricolor, to name a few.","spans":[{"start":114,"end":119,"type":"em"},{"start":194,"end":206,"type":"em"},{"start":208,"end":225,"type":"em"},{"start":227,"end":242,"type":"em"},{"start":247,"end":261,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some are surprised to learn that there are fragrant species in the genus Phalaenopsis as well, because it is unusual to encounter a fragrant example among the ubiquitous hybrid swarms that seem to be offered by all types of retail establishments these days. Plus, fragrant phalaenopsis tend to have a delicate scent that is not heady, so fragrant examples may go unnoticed. Among the fragrant Phalaenopsis species are Phalaenopsis violacea, Phalaenopsis bellina, Phalaenopsis amboinensis, Phalaenopsis schilleriana and Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana. Some of their hybrids are also scented.","spans":[{"start":73,"end":85,"type":"em"},{"start":393,"end":405,"type":"em"},{"start":418,"end":439,"type":"em"},{"start":441,"end":461,"type":"em"},{"start":463,"end":487,"type":"em"},{"start":489,"end":514,"type":"em"},{"start":519,"end":546,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If it is a stronger fragrance you seek, you need look no further than the vandaceous cousins from Africa and Madagascar that compose the genus Angraecum. Most feature white, creamâcolor or pale greenish starry flowers with a conspicuous nectar spur at the base of the lip. The almost overpowering fragrance of some helps to lure moth pollinators during the night. The fragrance has been likened to jasmine. If you have room for a somewhat sizable plant, Angraecum sesquipedale is one of the most impressive.","spans":[{"start":143,"end":152,"type":"em"},{"start":454,"end":476,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If space is a problem, look for a diminutive cousin, Vanda falcata. This miniature comes from Japan and produces a lot of scent for such small flowers. Unlike the Angraecum, however, these are fragrant during the day as well as night. This species has been a parent of compactâ growing fragrant offspring as well.","spans":[{"start":53,"end":66,"type":"em"},{"start":163,"end":172,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6]âDaytime aromas of tropical fruits are a signature of Cycnoches warszewiczii, which can be grown under intermediate to warm conditions similar to those provided cattleyas. This clone âErickâ FCC/AOS was grown by Erick Arce. Photograph by Jorge Enrique Cespedes. ","spans":[{"start":57,"end":79,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLxLVsGrYSwaqx_image-orchid-scents-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":782,"height":1074},"id":"ZwKLxLVsGrYSwaqx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Cattleya Mini Purple âLeta Gay Snyderâ AM/AOS grown by Greg Nielsen carries powerfully scented flowers about 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLw7VsGrYSwaqw_image-orchid-scents-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":874,"height":578},"id":"ZwKLw7VsGrYSwaqw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Phalaenopsis bellina âGreen Dropâ FCC/AOS grown by Thomas Lewis has deliciously scented flowers. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":17,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLwrVsGrYSwaqv_image-orchid-scents-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":572},"id":"ZwKLwrVsGrYSwaqv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Epidendrum parkinsonianum âSydney Meiâ AM/AOS grown by Eugene Banziger is another with strong nighttime fragrance.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLwbVsGrYSwaqu_image-orchid-scents-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":466,"height":704},"id":"ZwKLwbVsGrYSwaqu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"AND MORE \nThere are particular orchid species with flowers possessing such a distinctive fragrance you can nearly identify them by it. Maxillaria tenuifolia carries the strong odor of coconut, whereas Lycaste aromatica smells like cinnamon. Paphiopedilum malipoense offers a light raspberry scent.","spans":[{"start":135,"end":156,"type":"em"},{"start":201,"end":218,"type":"em"},{"start":241,"end":265,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fragrant flowers are rather common in many other branches of the orchid family. There are a number of scented species in the large and varied genus Dendrobium. The same is true for the genera Stanhopea, Gongora, Aerangis, Catasetum, Oncidium, Rhynchostylis and Miltoniopsis to name a few.","spans":[{"start":148,"end":158,"type":"em"},{"start":192,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":261,"end":273,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"With so many from which to choose, it is easy to build an orchid collection that stimulates not only the eyes, but also the nose, and that makes good sense.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ken Slump has been an AOS member for many years and grows orchids in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":96,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10]âThe vanilla candy fragrance of Vanda falcata is unmistakable and is often passed down to its hybrids. This plant, V. falcata âGwanakâ CCM/AOS, was grown by Duane McDowell. ","spans":[{"start":36,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":129,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLwLVsGrYSwaqt_image-orchid-scents-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1004,"height":1338},"id":"ZwKLwLVsGrYSwaqt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Stelis cocornaensis âLeonâ CBR/AOS grown by the Hoosier Orchid Company is a native of Colombia. A fragrance reminiscent of moldy socks is typical of this species. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLv7VsGrYSwaqs_image-orchid-scents-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":492,"height":710},"id":"ZwKLv7VsGrYSwaqs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Opsistylis Memoria Mary Nattrass âPalmer Orchidsâ AM/AOS, grown by Palmer Orchids, inherits its fragrance from both
998sides of its pedigree. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLv7VsGrYSwaqr_image-orchid-scents-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":498,"height":572},"id":"ZwKLv7VsGrYSwaqr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Stanhopeas are famous for their powerfully fragrant, shortâlived flowers. The fragrance of Stanhopea tigrina var. nigroviolacea âPerufloraâ FCC/AOS grown by Orquidaria/Peruflora and photographed by Walter H. Wust has a fragrance likened to that of chocolate.","spans":[{"start":96,"end":113,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":132,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKLvrVsGrYSwaqq_image-orchid-scents-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":782,"height":1064},"id":"ZwKLvrVsGrYSwaqq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zveq1BAAACEAzdyj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-october-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-09-30T19:43:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T10:09:18+0000","uid":"orchids-october-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"11a26c4f-e903-4346-8ea8-5b4be48e93a8","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Orchid Scents","MetaDescription":"Most corsage buyers and recipients would probably tell you that although orchids are commonly regarded as the most exotic and choice of blossoms for that application, they are, unfortunately, not fragrant. But orchid growers know that this is far from the truth. While many orchids do lack perfume, there are plenty with remarkably strong and distinctive scents.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"e6579d34-c504-40f8-b258-49fa6e88d3ae","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZwKGVBEAACIAWk8M","uid":"habenarias-if-you-can-grow-potatoes-you-can-grow-habenarias","url":"/orchids/articles/habenarias-if-you-can-grow-potatoes-you-can-grow-habenarias","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZwKGVBEAACIAWk8M%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-06T14:16:45+0000","slugs":["habenarias-if-you-can-grow-potatoes-you-can-grow-habenarias"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=15,0,368,233\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":15,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=1,0,396,233\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":1,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=37,0,324,233\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":37,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu_n093n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,5,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZvvKQLVsGrYSwMIu","edit":{"x":0,"y":5,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Habenarias; If You Can Grow Potatoes, You Can Grow Habenarias","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2024-10-01","Summary":"Habenarias have a lot of things in common with potatoes, although their flowers are a lot more attractive. They both go through five distinct stages during their annual development. Once you understand their life cycle, you get many insights into their cultural needs. Here is a sideâbyâside comparison of the life stages of growing potatoes and habenarias, and how best to grow them during each stage.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Habenarias have a lot of things in common with potatoes, although their flowers are a lot more attractive. They both go through five distinct stages during their annual development. Once you understand their life cycle, you get many insights into their cultural needs. Here is a sideâbyâside comparison of the life stages of growing potatoes and habenarias, and how best to grow them during each stage.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Growing and flowering habenarias is straightforward â keep them moist and in bright light while in active growth. It can get a little tricky what to do with them as they are breaking dormancy at the beginning of the growth cycle and entering dormancy at the end of their annual life.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"BREAKING DORMANCY \nIf you store your tuberoids in clear plastic bags, you can check them weekly for signs of breaking dormancy. You will see the beginnings of green growth at the growing tip of the tuberoid in the spring. This is the time to pot up the tuberoid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Tall Pots. Use tall pots for your habenaria tuberoids. You want the growing tip at the top of the tuberoid to be about ½ inch (1.25 cm) below the top rim of the pot. Your hope is that by the end of the growing season, the plant will produce two tuberoids for each one planted, so select a pot that can comfortably hold the tuberoids hoped for at year end. Many use plastic pots, which tend to hold more moisture; clay pots are more stable and resistant to tipping over. Whichever type you use, make sure it is tall.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Bottom of the Pot. Add an inch (2.5 cm) or so of perlite to the bottom of the pot before adding your potting mix. This gives the tuberoids an airy place to grow into. Do not use Styrofoam peanuts or other drainage material in the bottom of the pot.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Potting Mix. A peatâbased soilless mix such as ProâMix is often recommended. This stayed too dry under my conditions. Perhaps the pot had been overfilled with ProâMix so it could not be watered properly, or perhaps sponge rock should not have been blended with the ProâMix. This year the habenarias were potted in longâfibered New Zealand sphagnum moss instead of ProâMix. The sphagnum was wound around the tuberoids to about ½ inch (1.25 cm) of the growing tip. Once the leaves began to emerge, a final layer of sphagnum was added up to the top of the tuberoid at the base of the new growth. The sphagnum was prewetted, but water should be added only sparingly, if at all, until the first rosette of leaves appears. The new roots grow from the top of the tuberoid at the base of the plant. There is no point in watering until there are roots that can absorb the moisture, although some suggest that a little moisture can encourage breaking dormancy, whereas too much moisture will just cause the tuberoid to rot. Once the leaves have formed, keep the plant constantly moist.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Habenaria Regnieri","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ1LVsGrYSwaqT_image-grow-habenarias-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":712,"height":722},"id":"ZwKJ1LVsGrYSwaqT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Habenaria crinifera ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ1LVsGrYSwaqR_image-grow-habenarias-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":714,"height":728},"id":"ZwKJ1LVsGrYSwaqR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âThe new growth consumes the starches stored in the tuberoid. Once the leaves develop, the plant can start producing its energy from photosynthesis. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ0rVsGrYSwaqP_image-grow-habenarias-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":706,"height":780},"id":"ZwKJ0rVsGrYSwaqP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4]âThe new roots emerge from the growing tip at the base of the new growth. There is no point in watering until the roots can absorb the moisture. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ0bVsGrYSwaqN_image-grow-habenarias-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":714,"height":790},"id":"ZwKJ0bVsGrYSwaqN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Store your tuberoids over the winter in clear plastic bags so you can check for new growth in the spring.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ0bVsGrYSwaqM_image-grow-habenarias-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":710,"height":746},"id":"ZwKJ0bVsGrYSwaqM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ENTERING DORMANCY\nAfter flowering, you will start reducing your watering frequency, letting the plants dry a bit between waterings. Eventually, the plants will start to yellow, and basically they have stopped growing, so you should stop watering them. Let the plants dry out. The leaves will brown and wither. Leave the top growth in place for another couple of weeks, until the plant can be separated from the tuberoid with a gentle tug. That is the time to unpot your tuberoids and store them for the winter.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"You might read some recommendations about putting the plant and pot in a plastic bag for the winter or isolating the plants and not watering until you start seeing top growth in the spring. This approach worked for me for several years, and then around year three, there was a mass extinction event. Unpotting the tuberoids for the winter dormancy has made all the difference in successfully growing habenarias in my growing area.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Habenarias are basically annuals, unlike so many of our other orchids. Pretend you are a potato farmer and grow those tuberoids, the flowers make it all worthwhile.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZwKJ0LVsGrYSwaqK_image-grow-habenarias-table1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1448,"height":1542},"id":"ZwKJ0LVsGrYSwaqK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments\nCredit to the Mad, I mean Translational Scientist Brandon Silvester for my potato epiphany. He told me âUse blue light for tuber growth, it works for radishes!â","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: sbottom15@ gmail.com).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":409,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zveq1BAAACEAzdyj","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-october-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-09-30T19:43:45+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T10:09:18+0000","uid":"orchids-october-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"c2f10a88-6a7e-4bc8-a8ba-8de19122de61","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Habenarias; If You Can Grow Potatoes, You Can Grow Habenarias","MetaDescription":"Habenarias have a lot of things in common with potatoes, although their flowers are a lot more attractive. They both go through five distinct stages during their annual development. Once you understand their life cycle, you get many insights into their cultural needs. Here is a sideâbyâside comparison of the life stages of growing potatoes and habenarias, and how best to grow them during each stage.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"888915ca-b910-44d1-b4af-decb75d245c5","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZqKGgBQAACEAaP39","uid":"habenaria","url":"/orchids/articles/habenaria","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZqKGgBQAACEAaP39%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-07-25T18:18:36+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-25T20:02:16+0000","slugs":["habenaria"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=3%2C0%2C392%2C282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C30%2C398%2C223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Habenaria","Author":"Nicholas Rust","ArticleDate":"2024-07-01","Summary":"Habenaria is an exceptional genus of mostly terrestrial orchids that grow on all continents of the world except Antarctica. The genus is filled with a mix of large, bright-flowering species, bizarre and alien species, and tiny, weird flowers. Because of this immense variety, an assortment of habenarias can result in a stunning collection and you could spend an entire lifetime collecting them without ever getting bored! Read on to learn how to grow these fascinating plants!","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Habenaria is an exceptional genus of mostly terrestrial orchids that grow on all continents of the world except Antarctica. The genus is filled with a mix of large, bright-flowering species, bizarre and alien species, and tiny, weird flowers. Because of this immense variety, an assortment of Habenaria can result in a collection unlike any other in the world. With close to 900 species, one person could spend their entire life collecting them without ever getting bored!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":293,"end":303,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In the past 10 years, the allure of this genus has vastly increased and their numbers in cultivation have significantly risen. This is not only because of an increase in the number of available species, but also greatly because of a rise in the number of commercially available hybrids. With more people growing them and more cultural information becoming available, their numbers will surely continue to grow.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE RHODOCHEILA COMPLEX This is where nearly all the color comes from in every hybrid to date. The Rhodocheila complex is comprised of less than 10 species, all with bright flowers. The four most common in cultivation are Habenaria rhodocheila, Habenaria xanthocheila, Habenaria roebelenii and Habenaria erichmichelii. Unfortunately, they are found almost exclusively mislabeled or are hybrids sold as species due to misunderstanding or ignorance. Besides floral differences, many other differences exist between the species, such as tuber shape, fragrance, growth habit, bloom time and size. The first three also contain multiple, different color forms. Although I will not cover the differences in this article, each species has several unique traits and possesses different patterns of inheritance (Editorâs note: At present, these four species are considered by Plants of the World Online to be a single widespread and variable species. Although there are differences between them and their inheritance patterns are different, until a careful study of plants found in the wild across their entire range, as well as preserved herbarium specimens is conducted, these differences may be regional variations and not represent actual species delineation).","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":99,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":222,"end":243,"type":"em"},{"start":245,"end":267,"type":"em"},{"start":269,"end":290,"type":"em"},{"start":294,"end":317,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another popular member of this group is Habenaria carnea, which not only has beautiful, full flowers, but also has outstanding, star-mottled foliage. This species is highly sought after for its gorgeous, dark purpleâsilver mottled foliage and subtle pink flowers. An alba form called Hab. carnea f. nivosa also exists.","spans":[{"start":40,"end":56,"type":"em"},{"start":284,"end":287,"type":"em"},{"start":289,"end":296,"type":"em"},{"start":299,"end":306,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This form has pure-white flowers and bright greenâsilver mottled foliage. Perhaps my favorite is Habenaria janellehayneana. This compact species has jaw-dropping pink flowers with long, elegant nectar spurs and a delicious, sweet fragrance to top it all off. This compact species can be found growing on the sides of rocks in and next to streams in Thailand. Habenaria janellehayneana hybrids tend to always have exceptional shape. unfortunately, it is still extremely rare in cultivation.","spans":[{"start":97,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":359,"end":385,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Habenaria medusa âREOâ. it is easy to see how this species became so popular. there is no other orchid in the world that looks like this.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKYx5LeNNTxgLO_image-habenaria-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1040,"height":1414},"id":"ZqKKYx5LeNNTxgLO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] The four common members of the Habenaria rhodocheila complex. (a) Hab. rhodocheila, (b) Hab. xanthocheila, (c) Hab. roebelenii, (d) Hab. erichmichelii. The most common color form of each species is pictured.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":56,"type":"em"},{"start":70,"end":86,"type":"em"},{"start":92,"end":109,"type":"em"},{"start":115,"end":130,"type":"em"},{"start":136,"end":154,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKYh5LeNNTxgLN_image-habenaria-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":886},"id":"ZqKKYh5LeNNTxgLN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Habenaria carnea. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKYR5LeNNTxgLM_image-habenaria-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":692},"id":"ZqKKYR5LeNNTxgLM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] The one and only Habenaria janellehayneana. ","spans":[{"start":21,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKYB5LeNNTxgLL_image-habenaria-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":562,"height":696},"id":"ZqKKYB5LeNNTxgLL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Habenaria medioflexa. This is yet another member of the amazing Section Medusaeformis.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":76,"end":89,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Â Habenaria parageniculata (syn. Hab. dentata var. parageniculata).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":36,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":68,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Â Habenaria trichosantha âAstrocyteâ CHM/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Â Habenaria macroceratitis âKimchi Spiderâ CBR/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Â Habenaria repens.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Habenaria chlorina âFluoroglowâ CBR/AOS.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Habenaria floribunda (syn. Hab. odontopetala).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":32,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Habenaria aitchisonii. What a funky one! Although not technically a jewel or
998chid, it sure makes a good contender (inset). WOW!","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKXx5LeNNTxgLK_image-habenaria-5-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":2475,"height":3338},"id":"ZqKKXx5LeNNTxgLK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SECTION MEDUSAEFORMIS","spans":[{"start":8,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although one of the smallest sections, Section Medusaeformis is potentially the most well known, because of a single species: Habenaria medusa. This species seldom needs an introduction, since its flowers speak for themselves. It is easy to see how this species became so popular. There are no other orchids in the world that look like this! It is a large-growing, densely flowered species that requires bright light, like cattleyas. It has a much smaller, but otherwise identical cousin known as Habenaria myriotricha, but I personally do not consider it a different species.","spans":[{"start":47,"end":61,"type":"em"},{"start":126,"end":142,"type":"em"},{"start":497,"end":518,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another species that is just as spectacular is Habenaria medioflexa. The flowers have what I call âfeather fringing,â fringed edges that flutter in the wind like the lips of many Bulbophyllum. As a more recent introduction into cultivation in the united States, it is just beginning its journey into hybridization.","spans":[{"start":47,"end":67,"type":"em"},{"start":179,"end":191,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] A collection of Section rhodocheila hybrids: (a) Hab. Memoria James Scott Williams (Kakoeri à Raingreenâs Pink Paw), (b) Hab. Yellow Warbler (Tanager à xanthocheila), (c) Hab. Galah (carnea à janellehayneana), (d) Hab. Autunno (Trogon à Tanager), (e) Hab. Pink Sapphire (Tracey à Spoonbill), (f) Hab. Vermilion Flycatcher (Summer Tanager à Hampson).","spans":[{"start":20,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":130,"type":"em"},{"start":157,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":176,"end":180,"type":"em"},{"start":188,"end":212,"type":"em"},{"start":219,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":256,"end":261,"type":"em"},{"start":301,"end":306,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKXh5LeNNTxgLJ_image-habenaria-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":878},"id":"ZqKKXh5LeNNTxgLJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SECTION MACROCERATITIS","spans":[{"start":8,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We move from one of the smallest sections to one of the largest and most variable sections: Section Macroceratitis. It not only contains a huge variety of large-growing, white-flowered species, but also manages to stretch itself over almost the entire earth. Several species that are closely related, such as Habenaria dentata, Habenaria malintana, Habenaria parageniculata, Habenaria trichosantha and many others, grow all over Asia. Most of these species are outstanding but are also apomictic, meaning they create cloned seeds, and therefore, can be difficult to hybridize. Habenaria parageniculata (syn. dentata) is an uncommon species from Asia with massive tubers, thick leathery leaves and a short, but extremely dense inflorescence (all dissimilar to Hab. dentata). When in bloom, it looks like a torch standing above the shorter plants growing around it. Regardless, there is a massive amount of hybridization potential within this group. I mean, just look at Hab. trichosantha â my personal favorite and another Asian species. There is nothing quite like its large size and highly filamentous flowers. It is also new to culture and hybridization, but what we are seeing already are some of the most incredible Habenaria hybrids ever made.","spans":[{"start":100,"end":114,"type":"em"},{"start":309,"end":326,"type":"em"},{"start":328,"end":347,"type":"em"},{"start":349,"end":373,"type":"em"},{"start":375,"end":398,"type":"em"},{"start":577,"end":602,"type":"em"},{"start":608,"end":615,"type":"em"},{"start":759,"end":762,"type":"em"},{"start":764,"end":771,"type":"em"},{"start":969,"end":987,"type":"em"},{"start":1220,"end":1230,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Flying across the world to the Americas, one will find ever more bizarre members of Section Macroceratitis. The type species, Habenaria macroceratitis, described by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1805, started the search for the around 900 accepted species described since the initial discovery of this species. Habenaria macroceratitis can be found growing in Florida, and its smaller cousin, Habenaria quinquesota, is more widespread throughout the southeastern united States. Both species emit a delightful fragrance at night.","spans":[{"start":92,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":126,"end":150,"type":"em"},{"start":306,"end":331,"type":"em"},{"start":388,"end":409,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In South America, there are many brilliant and odd members, such as Habenaria bractescens, Habenaria longicauda, Habenaria gourlieana and several more. Most of these are not in cultivation within the united States, but some breeding is occurring in South America!","spans":[{"start":68,"end":89,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":113,"end":134,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The most bizarre and extraordinary members of this section grow in the Himalayas but are much more challenging to cultivate and seldom appear for sale. A handful even grow in Australia but are also nearly nonexistent in cultivation.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Habenaria Sunrise Plumes âREOâ AM/ AOS (roebelenii à medusa).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":45,"end":64,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKXR5LeNNTxgLI_image-habenaria-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":664},"id":"ZqKKXR5LeNNTxgLI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"OTHER SECTIONS\nSection Seticauda and Section Leptoceras are two more mediumâlarge sections with mostly small-flowered, greenâwhite species ranging from Asia through the Americas. A true bog orchid, which benefits from constant moisture, Habenaria repens (Section Leptoceras) grows in the southern united States throughout the Caribbean and Mexico. Known as the water-spider orchid, it is a minute species with small flowers that emit a sweet fragrance at night. It does not produce any tubers, but instead has a thick rhizome-like structure that persists, similar to the related genus, Platanthera.","spans":[{"start":23,"end":33,"type":"em"},{"start":45,"end":56,"type":"em"},{"start":237,"end":254,"type":"em"},{"start":263,"end":273,"type":"em"},{"start":586,"end":597,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another native of the united States is Habenaria floribunda (Section Seticauda), which can be found in the Southeast as a large species with tiny, green flowers that produce a powerful, sweet musky fragrance at night and can quickly form large colonies with thousands of fragrant flowers.","spans":[{"start":39,"end":60,"type":"em"},{"start":69,"end":78,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] A collection of Section Medusaeformis hybrids. (a) Hab. Bird of Paradise âScorpioâ HCC/AOS (Conure à medusa), (b) Hab. Mammillothala (Pinkie à medioflexa), (c) Hab. Foligno âOxideâ (Regnieri à medusa).","spans":[{"start":29,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":56,"end":60,"type":"em"},{"start":106,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":119,"end":123,"type":"em"},{"start":148,"end":158,"type":"em"}
998,{"start":165,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":198,"end":204,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKXB5LeNNTxgLH_image-habenaria-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":882,"height":886},"id":"ZqKKXB5LeNNTxgLH","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Other sections such as Sections Chlorinae and Diphyllae exist primarily in Asia and Africa. Section Chlorinae contains a few species such as Habenaria chlorina and Habenaria arenaria. Habenaria chlorina is an extremely cool, small-growing Asian species with brightly electric, yellowâgreen flowers. The species is just cool. It never grows larger than about 18 inches (45.7 cm), but the bright-colored flowers just scream, âLook at me!â Hybrids of this species are also very bizarre because it seems to be extremely dominant in many of its traits. Habenaria arenaria is an interesting African species with delightful, mottled foliage.","spans":[{"start":32,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":46,"end":56,"type":"em"},{"start":100,"end":110,"type":"em"},{"start":141,"end":160,"type":"em"},{"start":164,"end":182,"type":"em"},{"start":184,"end":203,"type":"em"},{"start":548,"end":567,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Section Diphyllae is another huge section that contains the true miniatures of the genus. Habenaria aitchisonii is a high-elevation, Himalayan species with gorgeous, jewel-mottled foliage and small flowers with an odd nighttime fragrance. Habenaria porphyricola has a rosette of silver leaves that are barely larger than a US quarter and has unique but delightful little flowers. There is something really special about the miniature Habenaria species. They are so elegant and enchanting but are seldom cultivated. I hope to see more in cultivation and see what new hybrids they can create, as none exist yet!","spans":[{"start":8,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":90,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":239,"end":262,"type":"em"},{"start":434,"end":444,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] A collection of Hab. chlorina hybrids. (a) Hab. Pixie (chlorina à roebelenii), (b) Hab. Lady Godda (Regnieri à chlorina). These are neat!","spans":[{"start":21,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":34,"type":"em"},{"start":48,"end":53,"type":"em"},{"start":60,"end":81,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":116,"end":124,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKWx5LeNNTxgLF_image-habenaria-17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":944},"id":"ZqKKWx5LeNNTxgLF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HYBRIDS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Species are always fantastic, but hybrids allow us to push the limits of botany. Hybrids of the Rhodocheila complex are always nice, resulting in a wonderful mix of countless different colors. Mixing groups such as the Rhodocheila complex and Section Medusaeformis results in some truly amazing, fringed hybrids. Habenaria medusa often washes out the color of its hybrids, but that is not the case in the cultivar Habenaria Sunrise Plumes âREOâ AM/AOS (à roebelenii).","spans":[{"start":96,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":219,"end":231,"type":"em"},{"start":251,"end":265,"type":"em"},{"start":313,"end":330,"type":"em"},{"start":414,"end":424,"type":"em"},{"start":455,"end":465,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When mixing the fringing of Sections Medusaeformis and Macroceratitis, you get spectacular results. Habenaria Arbor Vitae âREOâ AM/AOS (front cover) is the magic of a Hab. trichosantha hybrid â large size, large, flat flowers and extreme fringe. It is hard to imagine something better than this. On the other hand, bringing the smaller species, such as Hab. chlorina, into the mix results in something totally different, yet pleasant. The dominance of Hab. chlorina is fascinating. C
998omplex hybrids such as Habenaria Lady Godda (Regnieri à chlorina) reveal some interesting things, as about one in 64 plants bloom with larger and broader, pink flowers. With close to 900 species, the pathways to pursue with these hybrids are nearly endless!","spans":[{"start":37,"end":51,"type":"em"},{"start":55,"end":69,"type":"em"},{"start":100,"end":110,"type":"em"},{"start":167,"end":170,"type":"em"},{"start":172,"end":185,"type":"em"},{"start":353,"end":366,"type":"em"},{"start":452,"end":455,"type":"em"},{"start":457,"end":466,"type":"em"},{"start":506,"end":516,"type":"em"},{"start":539,"end":547,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Stages of Habenaria dormancy. (1) Flowers fade. A slight reduction of water is all that should be done. (2) Leaves begin to yellow â STOP WATERING. (3) Leaves begin to brown. (4) entire plant is brown but still malleable. (5) Foliage is brown and crispy. The plant should pull up from the soil with little effort; time to unpot and store the tubers!","spans":[{"start":15,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKWh5LeNNTxgLE_image-habenaria-18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":580},"id":"ZqKKWh5LeNNTxgLE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW TO GROW HABENARIA\nHabenaria have a reputation of being extremely difficult to grow, but that is very untrue! Besides a dormancy period that does require some specific care, they are relatively easy. When actively growing, they need to stay damp constantly, so growing them in a shallow saucer with some water may be beneficial to those who forget to water often. They benefit from a well-draining soil mix such as Promix-HP with perlite, charcoal or fine orchid bark added. They are not finicky about humidity, but do greatly benefit from good air movement, because their thin leaves are prone to fungal and bacterial spots. Most of the smaller species, such as those of the Rhodocheila complex and their hybrids, need lowâmedium light, so a bright windowsill where Phalaenopsis would thrive is perfect. Larger species from Section Macroceratitis or Section Medusaeformis need more light, similar to that for cattleyas.","spans":[{"start":12,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":679,"end":691,"type":"em"},{"start":770,"end":783,"type":"em"},{"start":836,"end":851,"type":"em"},{"start":862,"end":876,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Usually around November (shortly after the flowers fade), the entire plant will begin to look sad. The inflorescence and floral bracts will turn yellow, followed shortly by the leaves. Do not worry, this is natural and is the beginning of dormancy! As soon as the leaves start to turn yellow, stop watering. Once the foliage is brown and crispy, dormancy has begun. There are two ways to handle dormancy that make the entire process trivial. First, just keep the tuber in the pot. Place the entire pot in a warm, humid location and leave it there until it begins to sprout in the spring. The second, and my favorite, is the bag method. Remove the tuber from the pot and place it in a sealed plastic bag with a small amount of dry medium. Next, forget you even have the plant until February or March, when it sprouts. Then pot it up again so that the tip of the tuber is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the surface. Wait until the first rosette has formed (three leaves), then begin watering again. Now you are growing habenarias!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Habenaria tubers. Yes, we can make fun of how they look for hours.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKWR5LeNNTxgLD_image-habenaria-19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":882,"height":526},"id":"ZqKKWR5LeNNTxgLD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] When to start watering when the plants begin to grow again around FebruaryâMarch. Begin watering again once the first full rosette (three leaves) has opened.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKWB5LeNNTxgLC_image-habenaria-20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1342,"height":528},"id":"ZqKKWB5LeNNTxgLC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Habenaria crinifera.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKVx5LeNNTxgLB_image-habenaria-21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":596},"id":"ZqKKVx5LeNNTxgLB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Habenaria rostrata. The pink coloration of these flowers tends to be very difficult to capture in pictures.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKVh5LeNNTxgLA_image-habenaria-22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":422,"height":518},"id":"ZqKKVh5LeNNTxgLA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Habenaria austrosinensis. The flowers lightly jiggle as air passes over them due to the delicate way they are suspended by the pedicel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":30,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKVB5LeNNTxgK__image-habenaria-23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":662},"id":"ZqKKVB5LeNNTxgK_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Hab. Trishula (Pink Butterfly à dentata), one of the newest of very few Hab. dentata hybrids.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":37,"end":44,"type":"em"},{"start":77,"end":89,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKUx5LeNNTxgK-_image-habenaria-24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":428,"height":452},"id":"ZqKKUx5LeNNTxgK-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[25â27] A collection of Hab. crinifera hybrids. ","spans":[{"start":24,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"(25) Hab. Genu (Regnieri à crinifera), ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":27,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(26) Hab. Pituitary (Raingreenâs Pink Paw à crinifera).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":44,"end":53,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"(27) Hab. Goldfinch (Tanager à crinifera).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKUh5LeNNTxgK9_image-habenaria-25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":1154},"id":"ZqKKUh5LeNNTxgK9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKUR5LeNNTxgK8_image-habenaria-26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":428,"height":572},"id":"ZqKKUR5LeNNTxgK8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqKKUB5LeNNTxgK7_image-habenaria-27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":666},"id":"ZqKKUB5LeNNTxgK7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Nicholas is a relatively new grower and hybridizer. His orchid passion began in 2015 when a mini Phalaenopsis was gifted to him. Like a flame to gasoline, this gift quickly pulled him into the diverse world of orchids. He began exploring the unseen world of terrestrial orchids, such as Habenaria, and now specializes in them, Australian terrestrial orchids, jewel orchids and Catasetinae. His experience in a research lab focusing on neuroscience and glycobiology led him to approach his orchids with the same scientific perspective he used while working in the lab. This led to an interest in the entire growth cycle of orchids and, in 2018, to the start of his hybridization program, which focuses mostly on terrestrial orchids, especially Habenaria. In 2019, this obsession bloomed into a small orchid and exotic plant nursery, RustyExotics, which he uses to share the wonders and beauty of his work (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":289,"type":"em"},{"start":298,"end":745,"type":"em"},{"start":754,"end":938,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zn6AixAAACAAPmmZ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-july-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-06-28T13:24:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:45:24+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"47c93151-0bb0-4431-8adf-ac4acc40f958","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Habenaria","MetaDescription":"Habenaria is an exceptional genus of mostly terrestrial orchids that grow on all continents of the world except Antarctica.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"b99416e6-00dd-4606-92dc-1627116b7a56","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZqEUjBQAACEAZuD8","uid":"leaf-yellowing-in-orchids","url":"/orchids/articles/leaf-yellowing-in-orchids","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZqEUjBQAACEAZuD8%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-07-24T15:00:33+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-25T17:20:46+0000","slugs":["leaf-yellowing-in-orchids"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C15%2C398%2C252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C24%2C398%2C234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=3%2C0%2C392%2C282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5_v93n07coverthumb.jpg?auto=format%2Ccompress\u0026rect=0%2C30%2C398%2C223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Zn61BR5LeNNTwoH5","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Leaf Yellowing in Orchids","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2024-07-01","Summary":"Orchid leaves should be a pleasing green color and when they begin to yellow, you wonder what went wrong and what chemicals you should spray on them. When the leaf yellows in the absence of black and brown blotching or other blotches and markings, you should first suspect environmental conditions as the causative agent. This article takes the reader through causes of leaf yellowing that aren't fungal and bacterial problems.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"SPRINGTIME LEAF YELLOWING ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The springtime brings more direct sunlight and more hours of sunlight as well as warmer temperatures, all causing the growth rate of our orchids to ramp up. Cattleyas start forming new growths and phalaenopsis grow new leaves. If you see one of the leaves on a cattleya back bulb yellowing or one of the lower leaves on a phal yellowing, it might just be natural senescence, time for that leaf to pass. The leaf will be a clear yellow, gradually losing color as nutrients are reabsorbed into the plant to be translocated to the new growths. Do not be in any hurry to remove the leaf. Let the plant reabsorb all the minerals and when the abscission layer forms, the leaf can be removed with a gentle tug.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If an inordinate number of leaves start yellowing in the spring, the plant may be sacrificing older growths to obtain the building blocks for new growths. If the plant is robbing Peter to pay Paul, you must ask yourself whether you provided enough nutrition to your plants in the previous months. One often overlooked nutrient is magnesium, an essential plant nutrient that is at the center of the chlorophyll molecule, and of course, chlorophyll is what makes your orchids green. Our water in Florida tends to be magnesium deficient and many fertilizers contain no magnesium. I have read recommendations to apply Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) every month in megadoses of 1 tablespoon per gallon (approximately 4 ml/liter). Of course, your plants do not just grow one day a month and most of that high dosage of magnesium will be flushed through the pot. Better to apply a more diluted amount more frequently. If you are fertilizing with a 20-10-20 or 20-20- 20 fertilizer, you can add Epsom salts to your fertilizer solution in an amount equal to the amount of fertilizer you apply. A Cal-Mag fertilizer such as Peters Excel 15- 5-15 also contains 5 percent calcium and 2 percent magnesium. This formulation is good for pure water sources such as rainwater or water purified by reverse osmosis, while acidic formulations such as 20-20-20 are best for our alkaline well water in Florida. In either case, apply a dilute solution of fertilizer containing magnesium to all your plants regularly, or top dress with a timed-release fertilizer that contains magnesium.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âIt is not unusual for a phalaenopsis to lose one of its bottom leaves in the spring, gradually yellowing until it can be removed with a gentle tug.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqEVKx5LeNNTxdoX_image-leaf-yellowing-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":572},"id":"ZqEVKx5LeNNTxdoX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âRoot loss from a degraded potting mix can cause once-healthy roots to rot, resulting in the yellowing of leaves and pseudobulbs.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqEVKR5LeNNTxdoV_image-leaf-yellowing-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":890},"id":"ZqEVKR5LeNNTxdoV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nDEGRADED-MIX LEAF YELLOWING ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Organic matter in mixes degrades over time, breaking down, becoming compressed, and ultimately smothering the orchid roots. When this happens, you may
998notice the leaves of the older, more deeply potted pseudobulbs of cattleyas start yellowing. It is a gradual process occurring over a period of weeks to months. If you stick your finger deep into the pot and the mix feels like dirt, you know it is time to put this plant on your repotting bench. Once you cut away the old, tired growths and repot in fresh mix, the plant will regenerate its root system and grow new green leaves. You can also have root loss from overwatering, although this would suggest your potting medium may have been too waterretentive for your plant and watering habits. As you continue growing a variety of orchids, you will learn which potting mixes work best under your growing conditions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"COOL-WEATHER LEAF YELLOWING ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some plants are not tolerant of cooler temperatures so if they are chilled beyond their comfort zone, they will yellow, and their leaves drop. The phalaenopsis-type dendrobiums are notorious for this if nighttime temps drop below 55 to 60 F (12.8â15.6 C) or so. The big two-tone vandas with lots of Vanda sanderiana in the background are likewise sensitive to cold. If the temperatures drop below the mid-50s F (\u003c12.8 C), the bottom leaves will yellow and drop, creating the âpalm treeâ appearance. Know the temperature tolerance of the orchids you grow so they can overwinter without stress. Keeping plants too dry in the wintertime can also cause leaf yellowing. My âschombocattsâ get plenty of sun and water while summering in the shade house, but when they are moved into the greenhouse in winter, they are watered much less frequently. They let me know they are unhappy by yellowing and dropping leaves. I suspect the plants are shedding the leaves as a survival mechanism.","spans":[{"start":299,"end":315,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some of the nobile and seminobile dendrobiums, often called soft-caned dendrobiums, as well as the Densiflora section, which produces grape-like clusters of flowers in the spring, seem to thrive on the stress of a coolish dryish winter. Their leaves yellow and drop during the winter and then they burst into glorious bloom in the spring. These orchids grew and evolved in an environment requiring this adaptation, and the blooms are better after being kept coolish and dryish than if they were kept warm and well-watered over the winter.","spans":[{"start":99,"end":109,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURE EXTREMES ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Exposure to temperature extremes, freezing to near-freezing temperatures as well as excessive heat, can cause severe leaf damage. In direct sun, orchids absorb light with its associated heat so that leaf temperatures can be much warmer than the air temperature. Sunburn is essentially a thermal effect. For cattleyas, leaf temperatures of 110 F (43.3 C) for a few hours can cause sunburn. Shading, air movement and misting pots and under benches can help prevent plants from overheating. Freezing temperatures kill plant tissues just like burning does. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The leaves can become black and sunken overnight. Severely damaged leaves should be removed to prevent secondary infections from spreading. The remaining plant material can be sprayed with a bactericide such as copper or fresh hydrogen peroxide. Of course, copper should be avoided on dendrobiums and many thin-leaved orchids due to its toxicity.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3]âThis phalaenopsis-type dendrobium will lose leaves if exposed to temperatures much below 55â60 F (12.8â15.6 C). Extreme cold temperatures can result in the loss of the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqEVKB5LeNNTxdoU_image-leaf-yellowing-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":1322},"id":"ZqEVKB5LeNNTxdoU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Black and brown splotches together with yellow discoloration, in the absence of recent temperature extremes, suggest a disease.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqEVJx5LeNNTxdoT_image-leaf-yellowing-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":634},"id":"ZqEVJx5LeNNTxdoT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5]âChlorotic spotting on upper leaf surfaces should make you look at the undersurfaces, to see whether scale has infested your plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqEVJh5LeNNTxdoS_image-leaf-yellowing-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":432,"height":634},"id":"ZqEVJh5LeNNTxdoS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When you start seeing yellow, brown and black blotching and streaking along with yellow discoloration on your leaves, it is time to start worrying. At best, you might have had an exposure to cold or too much sun, or you may have to battle a bacterial or fungal infection. In general, bacterial infections are very fast-moving, happening in a matter of hours to days, while fungal infections proceed slowly over a period of days to weeks. You will often have to sanitize the plant, which involves removing severely damaged t
998issue, and then apply protective chemicals to prevent the spores from spreading.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SCALE ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sucking insects such as scale can create chlorotic leaf spotting as they feed on plant tissues, injecting a toxic enzyme, which causes cell death. Every cattleya grower must be on the lookout for scale, particularly the white Boisduval scale. Mature males are cottony white masses while the mature females lay their eggs under whitish circular shields.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The crawlers are the nymphal stage that emerge from under the shield looking for their new home. When you see chlorotic spotting, check leaf undersurfaces for the presence of scale. Scale must be dealt with quickly, using water jetting, isopropyl alcohol or stronger chemicals.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Leaves will yellow as they reach the end of their natural life, and the plant will recover whatever useful materials it can from the leaf. If you see widespread leaf yellowing in the spring when plants enter their growth spurt, you must ask yourself if they are cannibalizing themselves because they are nutrient deficient. Degraded mixes and rotting roots can also cause leaf yellowing. Black and brown blotching suggest the presence of some pest or disease requiring your intervention. The longer you grow orchids, the more adept you will become at reading your orchid leaves.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: sbottom15@ gmail.com).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":407,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:sbottom15@ gmail.com","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zn6AixAAACAAPmmZ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-july-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-06-28T13:24:32+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:45:24+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"a004068b-96dd-47ea-b7ba-843c9bea6674","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Leaf Yellowing in Orchids","MetaDescription":"Orchid leaves should be a pleasing green color and when they begin to yellow, you wonder what went wrong and what chemicals you should spray on them.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"7476af5b-e2b7-44db-99f9-b141335d4ae4","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZlRaDBAAAB0AQ9jd","uid":"repot-your-plants","url":"/orchids/articles/repot-your-plants","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZlRaDBAAAB0AQ9jd%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2024-05-27T10:19:46+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-16T19:23:10+0000","slugs":["repot-your-plants"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA_v93n6coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA","edit":{"x":0,"y":-29,"zoom":1.9698492462311559,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA_v93n6coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA","edit":{"x":0,"y":-32,"zoom":1.349246231155779,"background":"#fff"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-_v93n6coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1.25,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-_v93n6coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-","edit":{"x":0,"y":-212,"zoom":1.7966666666666666,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Repot Your Plants","Author":"Ray Barkalow","ArticleDate":"2024-06-01","Summary":"Although this may seem basic and obvious, understanding some of the âwhyâ behind and \"when\" behind repotting puts us way ahead as reliable caregivers to our orchids.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIKE MY EARLIER Water Your Orchids article (January 2014), this topic may seem to be awfully basic and pretty obvious, but I believe that if we understand some of the âwhyâ behind the âwhatâ or âhow toâ information we learn, it puts us way ahead in our efforts to become reliable caregivers to our orchids. The question of âwhenâ to repot is another that arises frequently, and we will address that, too. First, a little bit about our favorite plants. ","spans":[{"start":16,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Many of you may have heard that âhealthy roots means a healthy orchidâ â again pretty obvious, but do you know why that is? Terrestrial plants, with their roots buried in the soil, do the vast majority of their gas exchange processes through openings (stomata) in their leaves. Orchids, on the other hand, have adapted to having far fewer leaf stomata as an apparent evolutionary strategy to minimize water loss. Those that remain are concentrated on the bottom of the leaves, and in some cases, the plants have developed a thick, waxy âcuticleâ layer, all of which shifts much of the gas exchange burden to the root system. If we stifle that, we cause stress and even death to the root cells. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRZSCk0V36pXpkP_image-repot-your-plants.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1166,"height":1368},"id":"ZlRZSCk0V36pXpkP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Let me add a bit more about those root cells. As roots grow, they âtailorâ themselves to the environment into which they are growing so that they can function optimally to support the plant, and once those cells have grown, they cannot change. We can see the implications of that with the following scenario: \nA plant is potted up in nice, fresh medium, and gets great care, so it grows big and strong, sending its roots deep into the moist, airy medium. Those roots have âtailoredâ themselves on a cellular level to function optimally in that particular environment. Time marches on, and that potting medium starts to decompose, breaking down into smaller particles and becoming more and more compact, holding lots of water and starting to restrict air flow to the roots. Plus, minerals from your water and fertilizers, as well as plant waste products have been accumulating in the medium as well. The environment has definitely changed, but the roots have not and cannot. \nThe black, vertical arrow in the image mark the nice depth to which the roots grew originally, but judging by their color and condition, they are failing in that changed environment. You will note, though, that there are new roots that look entirely different (see the yellow circle) that have grown from the ends of those old roots. Those nice, plump roots have grown with their cells optimized for that environment, even if it is an environment that is bad for the original root system. \nOne might speculate that the plant will therefore be okay, as it now has well-functioning roots, but unfortunately, while those newly grown root segments may be fine for that environment, the older root system is not, so will continue to deteriorate, ultimately completely separating those new roots from the plant, leading to its demise. \nThat is why, when considering repot- tingaplant,itisbesttodosojustasnew roots are emerging from the base of the plant, and not when the plant is dormant. Otherwise, root growth will resume only on existing roots. Those new, emergent roots will grow optimized for the environment and support the plant, while the old ones are expected to eventually fade away. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keep in mind that the greater the difference between the âoldâ and ânewâ root zone conditions, the less optimal the old roots will be, so the more critical is the timing. One can avoid such setbacks by using good quality potting media components and repotting frequently, before the medium can significantly decompose and become compressed. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ray Barkalow is an engineer and scientist, and has been a hobby orchid grower for over 40 years. He has owned and operated First Rays Orchids since 1994, He can be reached at raybark@ firstrays.com. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":201,"type":"em"},{"start":177,"end":200,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:raybark@ firstrays.com","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZlAtURAAAB0APgRq","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-june-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-05-24T08:00:06+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:36:25+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"8aa40970-b800-4842-a147-edc5e87ec266","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Repot Your Plants","MetaDescription":"Although this may seem basic and obvious, understanding some of the âwhyâ behind and \"when\" behind repotting puts us way ahead as reliable c
998aregivers to our orchids.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"61ca9ec4-7693-4fe3-ac03-f48ba91d98cf","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZlRbchAAACEAQ9rr","uid":"orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZlRbchAAACEAQ9rr%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2024-05-27T10:19:46+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-16T19:23:10+0000","slugs":["orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA_v93n6coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA","edit":{"x":0,"y":-29,"zoom":1.9698492462311559,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA_v93n6coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZlAtliol0Zci9aVA","edit":{"x":0,"y":-32,"zoom":1.349246231155779,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-_v93n6coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,300,216\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1.25,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-_v93n6coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,118,300,168\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZlAteyol0Zci9aU-","edit":{"x":0,"y":-212,"zoom":1.7966666666666666,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Orchid Parts and Why They Matter","Author":"Sue Bottom / Illustrations by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2024-06-01","Summary":"It does not matter if you can remember all the names of orchid plant parts, but it is to a grower's benefit to understand how these parts function.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"IT DOES NOT really matter if you can remember all the names of orchid plant parts, but it is to your benefit to understand how these parts function. We will talk about all the basic orchid parts to help focus your attention on things to look for when you are looking at your plants. Orchid growth habits fall into two basic groups: the monopodial orchids that grow vertically and the sympodial orchids that grow laterally. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Monopodial orchids, such as phalaenopsis and vandas, grow upward from season to season from a single vegetative shoot, or stem. Leaves, roots and flower spikes sprout from nodes along the stem. Normally the plant will lose its leaves from the bottom up and continue to grow new leaves from the terminal or apical tip while making new roots along the stem. Monopodial orchids do not have fleshy pseudobulbs for storage of food and water like the sympodial orchids, so they require more frequent watering and feeding. Vandas often produce a keiki (KAY- kee) a Hawaiian term for baby that is used to describe a plantlet that sprouts from a mature plant. Keikis are a great way to share your plants with friends. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sympodial orchids, such as cattleyas, dendrobiums and oncidiums, branch outward horizontally rather than grow vertically like monopodial orchids. Sympodial orchids grow laterally and produce a new shoot along a rhizome that develops into a stem with roots and leaves and eventually produces flowers. This growth process is repeated in a continuous cycle. Sympodial orchids have pseudobulbs that grow along a rhizome (RYE-zohm), a root-bearing stem; the apex of the rhizome progressively sends up leafy shoots. When repotting, the rhizome should be at or just above the potting medium. There is a greater potential for rot if the rhizome is buried in the potting mix. A pseudobulb (SOO-doh-bulb) is the thickened portion of a stem used when discussing cattleyas, oncidiums and many other sympodial orchids. A cane, used when discussing dendrobiums, is similar to a pseudobulb but is much more stalk- like in appearance. The pseudobulbs and canes are like the humps on camels, storing food and water to sustain the plant during drought conditions. They perform a vital function to the plant even when leafless. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":17,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Monopodial orchids like vandas and phalaenopsis grow upward from a central stem.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRcZik0V36pXpmC_image-orchid-parts-1.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":438,"height":694},"id":"ZlRcZik0V36pXpmC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Sympodial orchids like cattleyas and dendrobiums grow along a rhizome, from which new pseudobulbs or canes emerge.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRcZSk0V36pXpmB_image-orchids-part-2.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":661,"height":421},"id":"ZlRcZSk0V36pXpmB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] The cataphyll protects the new growth when it is young, but sometimes must be peeled down to prevent water from collecting in the pocket and causing rot. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRcUCk0V36pXpl7_image-orchid-parts-3.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":214,"height":304},"id":"ZlRcUCk0V36pXpl7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"4] Unifoliate cattleyas have a single leaf. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRcAik0V36pXpl0_image-orchids-parts-4.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":214,"height":358},"id":"ZlRcAik0V36pXpl0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Front bulbs are the pseudobulbs on the younger part of the plant. The front bulbs are the actively growing part of your plant and it is from these new growths that new flowers will emerge. The backbulbs are the pseudobulbs on the older part of the plant. The backbulbs are often without leaves but as long as they are still green, they continue to provide nourishment to the plant. Backbulbs can be used to propagate new plants from the original plant when new growths are encouraged to sprout from blind, or dormant, eyes, which are the incipient buds of vegetative growth. There are at least two eyes on each pseudobulb so that if one eye or lead becomes damaged, a new pseudobulb can emerge from the other eye. The cataphyll (KAT-a-fill) is an undeveloped leaf that forms around the base of the pseudobulb and matures to form a papery sheath along the length of the pseudobulb. When the pseudobulb is growing, the cataphyll provides some structural support and protects the tender new growth from mechanical and insect damage. Cataphylls can sometimes form pockets where water can accumulate and bacterial action can cause the bulb to rot so the pockets should be slit or the cataphyll pulled down so water will drain freely. Once the growth is mature and hardened, the dried cataphylls can be removed before they become hiding places for scale and other sucking insects.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid leaves vary from the thin-leaved oncidiums and catasetums, the fleshy phalaenopsis to the hard dendrobium and cattleya leaves that have waxy coverings that help minimize water loss.
998Cattleyas with a single leaf are called unifoliates and cattleyas with two (and occasionally three) leaves are called bifoliates. unlike the unifoliates, bifoliate cattleyas should be repotted only when they are growing new roots. Stomata (sto-MAH-tah) are pores on the lower surface of the leaf epidermis through which the plant breathes. The stomata are mostly closed during the day to prevent water loss by transpiration and open at night when temperatures are lower and humidity is higher. This means that orchids are not good candidates for foliar feeding. If specialty foliar sprays such as those containing minor or trace elements designed to be absorbed through the leaves are to be used, they are best applied to the undersides of the leaves in the predawn hours. \n\n [5] Bifoliate cattleyas normally have two leaves but strong plants may, depending on the species, produce three occasionally. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRb8Ck0V36pXply_image-orchid-parts-5.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":437,"height":506},"id":"ZlRb8Ck0V36pXply","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] You cannot have a healthy plant without healthy roots. Green root tips mean your orchid is growing and seeking out moisture and nutrients. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZlRcUCk0V36pXpl6_image-orchid-parts-6.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":437,"height":282},"id":"ZlRcUCk0V36pXpl6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid roots consist of an inside wiry filament and thick, sponge-like covering called velamen that helps prevent water loss and aids in absorption of water and mineral nutrients. Actively growing orchid roots have green (and sometimes reddish) tips; the longer the green tips, the faster the roots are growing. The white velamen layer follows a few days behind the rootâs growth tip. The emergence of fresh roots tells you your plant is going into the growth mode. If it needs to be repotted, the time is now, or maybe you should have done it last week when the new growth was swelling up before the green tips emerged. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]). ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":406,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZlAtURAAAB0APgRq","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-june-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-05-24T08:00:06+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:36:25+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"c7e0f79c-6c51-4c51-a1a8-e58d5159896c","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Orchid Parts and Why They Matter","MetaDescription":"It does not matter if you can remember all the names of orchid plant parts, but it is to a grower's benefit to understand how these parts function.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"e41b13ec-fe5e-466b-b2d3-0
998791c43ad731","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zgx1ARMAACIAqeUM","uid":"sprays-versus-drenches-for-applying-chemicals","url":"/orchids/articles/sprays-versus-drenches-for-applying-chemicals","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zgx1ARMAACIAqeUM%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-03T20:33:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-25T18:21:03+0000","slugs":["sprays-versus-drenches-for-applying-chemicals"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/5bf27e58-e658-40c6-a889-43d90dadc1a4_image-october-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZgxyHBMAACIAqdhB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/5bf27e58-e658-40c6-a889-43d90dadc1a4_image-october-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZgxyHBMAACIAqdhB","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/38b18472-40ea-46ec-936b-42d060748d6b_image-october-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZgxyIxMAAB8Aqdhi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/38b18472-40ea-46ec-936b-42d060748d6b_image-october-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZgxyIxMAAB8Aqdhi","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Sprays versus Drenches for Applying Chemicals","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2023-10-01","Summary":"Other things being equal, I would rather drench a plant with a chemical to treat a problem rather than spray it. Drenching is easy; you simply mix up the chemical at the desired concentration and pour it through the pot so it can be absorbed by the roots and drawn into the plant, protecting it from the inside out.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Your potential for exposure to inhaled aerosols and overspray is less when drenching, where gloves and boots can protect you from exposure. Products suitable for use as a drench are often described as being systemic or xylem mobile. By comparison, contact chemicals are effective only if they come into physical contact with the offender, so good coverage of all plant surfaces with the sprayed solution is essential. There are a few products that are described as being locally systemic, which means they can penetrate the leaf surface and move into the leaf so you can have less than perfect coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces and they are still effective.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If you have only a few plants, you can mix up a batch of systemic chemicals in a gallon (3.785 L) jug and just pour it through the pots, with just enough for the solution to begin to drain from the pots. This should allow the roots to be wet so they can absorb the chemical. A little fertilizer added to the drench will help with uptake. If you use a sprayer to water and fertilize your orchids, you can just direct the sprayer to the potting media surface to wet the roots. If you use Siphonex or Dosatron systems for fertilizing, you can add the chemical to your concentrate bucket. An aquarium aerator or frequent mixing of the concentrate bucket helps keep the chemicals in suspension.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SCALE AND MEALYBUGS\nFor scale and mealybugs, products containing imidacloprid (Merit, different Bayer Products) and dinotefuran (Safari) are both systemic products that are taken up by the root system and translocated upward throughout the plant. When applied as a foliar spray, they are translaminar, providing locally systemic control of foliar pests. ","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âIf you grow cattleyas, scale is your nemesis. The combination of Safari and Distance can eliminate scale from your collection. ","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/2b8b0621-b105-4e93-b374-6ad84fc545cc_image-sprays-vs-drenches-1.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":586},"id":"ZgxzNxMAACIAqd0i","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are many products containing the active ingredient imidacloprid on the market, and these products are generally available at local nurseries and big box stores. The imidacloprid concentration varies widely among products, but the one labeled Tree and Shrub has 1.47% imidacloprid (even more concentrated specialty chemicals such as Merit are also available). ","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A great alternative to sprays and drenches is a granular chemical that can be spread around the top of the potting medium as a top dressing. When the plant is watered, the chemical is dissolved and carried down to the roots, absorbed, and transported up into the plant through the xylem. These granular chemicals tend to have a much lower concentration of active ingredients. You can simply wear gloves as you spread the chemical and be protected from ill effects. Another major benefit is the cost; the granular products tend to be much less expensive than their concentrated counterparts. There is a granular product often used by rose growers that contains 0.5% imidacloprid, sold as Criterion, Ze
998nith, Grub-Away, Merit 0.5G, Hi-Yield Grub Free, Imidacloprid 0.5G and Generic Merit, among others. This can be very handy for a small infestation, where you just sprinkle some on top of the potting medium and water it in.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THRIPS\nSystemic control of thrips using drenches is possible using products containing the active ingredients acephate (Orthene) and dinotefuran (Safari). Raymond Cloydâs article, entitled âControl of Thrips with Systemic Insecticidesâ (Cloyd 2013), suggests that the more water-soluble systemics are more rapidly absorbed by the roots and translocated throughout the plant: âHereâs one example of how water solubility influences the uptake and efficacy of systemic insecticides. Imidacloprid (Marathon), which has a water solubility of 0.51 g/L or 500 ppm, tends to be less effective against flower- and pollen-feeding insect pests including Western Flower Thrips (WFT). Research has shown that acephate, which has a water solubility of 790 g/L or approximately 79,000 ppm, is converted into the metabolite methamidiphos and actually moves into flowers, protecting them from WFT feeding injury. It may provide systemic protection to flower buds, which allows plants to flower and minimizes feeding injury resulting in good flower quality.â","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2]âThrips feed on your flowers while they are still unopened buds. Periodic Orthene drenches can prevent floral damage and help control scale.","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/65f00b1c-3a4d-40c3-9c51-338788217180_image-sprays-vs-drenches-2.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":590},"id":"ZgxzSBMAACIAqd1t","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"We have found Orthene drenches to be very effective at controlling floral damage to cattleya flowers. We apply it as a drench every two months, and no longer see thrips damage in the greenhouse. Safari should also work as a drench to protect flowers from thrips damage, although it is only about half as water soluble as Orthene.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Although thrips do not do much damage to waxy cattleya leaves, thrips often feed on the foliage of soft-leaved orchids such as catasetums. If leaf feeding is a concern in your growing area, as it is in many ornamental greenhouses, sprays rather than drenches may be more effective, as Cloyd (2013) states: âSpray applications of systemic insecticides tend to be more effective than soil/growing medium applications because they are being primarily used as contact or translaminar sprays, and not so much for any systemic activity.â","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Our hot humid summers create the conditions conducive for black rot to infect our cattleyas. Cultural controls together with specialty chemicals can help prevent black rot. ","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c060ea99-8577-4a98-a936-f78ed01ed09e_image-sprays-vs-drenches-3.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":884,"height":648},"id":"Zgxz6RMAAB8AqeAy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Anthracnose is caused by leaf-spotting fungi. Remove the spores from your growing area and use protective chemicals to prevent the fungus from getting a foothold in your growing area.","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/bddcdffb-a540-4b82-98d6-a2affc968d23_image-sprays-vs-drenches-4.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":728},"id":"Zgxz9xMAACIAqeBx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MITICIDES\nKontos is the only systemic miticide for use as a drench, but the label does not recommend its use on orchids. For mites, look for locally systemic products with a translaminar activity that can be sprayed, such as Avid, which contains the active ingredient abamectin. In his article, âAll Miticides are Not Created Equalâ Cloyd (2004) states:\nâAvid is a contact and translaminar miticide. Translaminar is a term that refers to insecticides/miticides that penetrate the leaf tissue and form a reservoir of active ingredient within the leaf. Avid generally provides up to 28 days of residual activity. The label rate for all mite species is 4 fl oz per 100 gal. Avid is active on the mobile life stages of mites, with no activity on eggs. Although the insecticide/ miticide is slow-acting, treated mites are immobilized after exposure.â","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"FUNGICIDES\nMost of the affordable fungicides are contact chemicals, applied as sprays to leaf surfaces. Chlorothalonil (brand name Daconil) is effective for leaf spotting fungi, and botrytis and copper bearing chemicals (Kocide, Liquid Copper, and others) are effective bactericides. There are specialty fungicides available from nursing supply outlets that can be applied as drenches to protect against the water molds and bulb, root and stem rots, as well as sprayed to protect the aerial part of the plant. There are many different products on the market and many of them are quite expensive.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some of these products are particularly effective on one type of disease. For example, Aliette and Subdue are often recommended for c
998ontrolling black rot in cattleyas caused by water molds (pythium and phytophthora). If this is a persistent problem for you, you may want to invest several hundred dollars to use these products.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are also broad-spectrum products such as Empress Intrinsic, Heritage SC, and Pageant Intrinsic containing strobins (FRAC group 11) that are labeled as effective for water molds, leaf, stem and root rots (such as rhizoctonia and fusarium) as well as leaf spotting fungi (such as cercosporoids and anthracnose) and can be used as both drenches and sprays. Although the strobins may not as effective as Aliette for black rot, they can be used to combat more than one disease, whereas Aliette is labeled only for treatment of water molds.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"There are many simple-to-use granular fungicides on the market, mostly developed for turf grass on golf courses. These often contain the same active ingredients as are found in concentrated products such as Heritage, Banner Max II, Insignia, Pageant, Empress Intrinsic, Heritage, and others. Perhaps at some point, these products will be labeled for use on ornamentals. For now, there is one product labeled for use on ornamentals (though orchids are not specifically listed). Fame Granular fungicide contains 0.25% fluoxastrobin, and is reported to be effective for anthracnose, rhizoctonia, sclerotium, fusarium, phytophthora and pythium (as a preventative). Another granular product is 3336DGLite, which contains 2.08% thiophanate methyl, the same active ingredient as is found in Clearyâs 3336, Thiomyl, and Banrot. It is labeled for use in commercial horticultural applications. It is listed as effective for anthracnose and, when incorporated into the potting media as a preventative, for rhizoctonia and fusarium.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Before spending your hard-earned money on chemicals, make sure you do your research. First and foremost, you have to diagnose the problem you are trying to solve. Then identify which chemicals will provide thorough and lasting control. Systemic products that can be applied as drenches or top dressings should be high on your list. Read and understand the label instructions before buying or using any chemical.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"REFERENCES \nCloyd, R. 2004. All Miticides are Not Created Equal. University of Illinois Extension Newsletter. https://hyg. ipm.illinois.edu/pastpest/200417g.html. Accessed August 17, 2023 _. \n2013. Control of Thrips with Systemic Insecticides. Greenhouse Grower. https://www.greenhousegrower. com/production/insect-control/control-of-thrips-withsystemic-insecticides. Accessed August 17, 2023. ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"strong"},{"start":244,"end":261,"type":"em"}]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":408,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":406,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]"}}]}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYKhEAAHYTf-J6","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-october-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:21:01+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-october-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"04e477aa-7db9-4de5-ab65-4b7ce6bf5d65","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Sprays versus Drenches for Applying Chemicals","MetaDescription":"By comparison, contact chemicals are effective only if they come into physical contact with the offender, so good coverage of all plant surfaces with the sprayed solution is essential.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"9e9f4de8-92dd-41af-a08a-4616796455c0","isBroken":false}}}
998,{"id":"ZgyLRBMAACAAqkdo","uid":"paphiopedilum-philippinense","url":"/orchids/articles/paphiopedilum-philippinense","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgyLRBMAACAAqkdo%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-03T20:33:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-18T03:32:03+0000","slugs":["paphiopedilum-philippinense"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/86b32bde-8cc3-4a58-a5f7-8288cbdd0228_image-september2023-Featured-Thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Zgw3PBMAACEAqNTs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/86b32bde-8cc3-4a58-a5f7-8288cbdd0228_image-september2023-Featured-Thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Zgw3PBMAACEAqNTs","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8ed314fd-3de7-4051-9522-835b5dd03fc7_image-september2023-Standard-Thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Zgw3OxMAACAAqNTm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8ed314fd-3de7-4051-9522-835b5dd03fc7_image-september2023-Standard-Thumb.jpg?auto=format,compress?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Zgw3OxMAACAAqNTm","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Paphiopedilum philippinense","Author":"Kay Perry","ArticleDate":"2023-09-01","Summary":"Silent Success\n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense âWacoustaâ CCE/AOS exhibited by Dorothy Potter Barnett and\nexpertly photographed by Katie Payeur.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"PAPHIOPEDILUM PHILIPPINENSE has been in cultivation for over 100 years. In the early years, it was rediscovered, renamed and redescribed multiple times, leading to a conclusion by some that this is a highly variable species in color, shape and size. In the literature, it is often not described separately, but lumped in as a member of a larger orchid subgroup, which often includes rothschildianum, sanderianum, stonei, praestans, haynaldianum and lowii, as if the authors did not wish to expend the effort on an uninteresting or confusing species. Yet, the longevity of philippinense in cultivation belies its lack of documentation in the literature. It is a foundation plant; it is the backbone of many successful Paphiopedilum breeding programs for vigor, floriferousness and marketability. In addition, different aspects of philippinense have influenced traits from breeding within the species and in some of our most popular hybrids.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":383,"end":398,"type":"em"},{"start":400,"end":411,"type":"em"},{"start":413,"end":419,"type":"em"},{"start":421,"end":430,"type":"em"},{"start":432,"end":444,"type":"em"},{"start":449,"end":454,"type":"em"},{"start":572,"end":585,"type":"em"},{"start":717,"end":730,"type":"em"},{"start":829,"end":842,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4ffe3445-e761-4d8a-84f0-67b41db2fb6a_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":897,"height":1144},"id":"ZgyEdxMAACEAqil6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Philippine Paphiopedilum was described as Cypripedium philippinense by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in Bonplandia in 1862 (Reichenbach 1862) before reclassification as Paphiopedilum philippinense by Stein in Steinâs Orchideenbuch in 1892 (Stein 1892). It has also been named Cypripedium laevigatum (Hooker 1865), Selenipedium laevigatum (May 1885), Cypripedium cannartianum hort. (Linden 1887), Paphiopedilum laevigatum (Pfitzer 1888) and Cordula philippinensis (Rolfe 1912). It is currently known as philippinense.","spans":[{"start":15,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":46,"end":71,"type":"em"},{"start":106,"end":116,"type":"em"},{"start":171,"end":198,"type":"em"},{"start":211,"end":232,"type":"em"},{"start":278,"end":300,"type":"em"},{"start":316,"end":339,"type":"em"},{"start":352,"end":376,"type":"em"},{"start":398,"end":422,"type":"em"},{"start":442,"end":464,"type":"em"},{"start":504,"end":518,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c790e96d-92b1-442c-96c9-05432c523f72_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense1.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":906,"height":1206},"id":"ZgyDRhMAAB8AqiQn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"INFRAGENERIC CLASSIFICATION\nThe genus Paphiopedilum was originally categorized taxonomically through morphological characteristics, resulting in philippinense being placed in multiple differently named subgenera. For example, Pfizer placed it in Polyantha in 1894, before moving it to Anotopedilum in 1903. Brieger renamed it back to Polyantha in 1971 before Cribb moved it to Paphiopedilum Section Coryopedilum in the first edition of the Genus Paphiopedilum (Cribb 1987). This continued movement of the genus Paphiopedilum has led to some confusion in hybrid names and genealogy over the years, when they were based purely on morphological characteristics.\n\nCox et al. (1997) were the first to show common ancestry or monophyly among the slipper orchids based on molecular sequencing of nuclear DNA instead of morphology. They also showed that, genetically, paphiopedilums were more closely related to each other than to Selenipedium, Cypripedium, Phragmipedium or Mexipedium. This came as no surprise to taxonomists. However, the relationship within the sections or subgenera of paphiopedilums, depending on classification system, is much more dubious. In the second edition of the Genus Paphiopedilum, Cribb revised his Paphiopedilum classification to include genomic sequencing data from the earlier study (Cribb 1998).\n","spans":[{"start":38,"end":51,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":159,"type":"em"},{"start":246,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":285,"end":298,"type":"em"},{"start":377,"end":391,"type":"em"},{"start":399,"end":412,"type":"em"},{"start":440,"end":459,"type":"em"},{"start":511,"end":524,"type":"em"},{"start":923,"end":963,"type":"em"},{"start":967,"end":977,"type":"em"},{"start":1184,"end":1204,"type":"em"},{"start":1224,"end":1237,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The current classification by Cribb diviides the genus Paphiopedilum into three subgenera: Parvisepalum, Brachypetalum and Paphiopedilum. He further divided subgenus Paphiopedilum into sections Barbata, Cocholopetalum, Pardalopetalum and Coryopedilum. Cribb places Paphiopedilum philippinense in subgenus Paphiopedilum Section Coryopedilum. Unfortunately, the internet has made continued usage of older nomenclature possible, and Paphiopedilum philippinense is most often found in subgenus Polyantha as attributed to Karasawa and Saito (1982) in their classification. \n\nChochai et al. (2012) examined monophyly within paphiopedilums incorporating nuclear and plastid DNA and the categorization of Cribb (1998). In the study, it could be claimed with confidence that in Paphiopedilum, the subgenera Parvisepalum, Brachypetalum and Paphiopedilum formed three independent, monophyletic clades or groups with a common ancestor. Within subgenus Paphiopedilum, Section Coryopedilum is most closely related to Section Pardalopetalum, and most distantly related to Section Paphiopedilum (Chochai et al. 2012). To date, there have been no genetic studies examining the genetic distance between different varieties of philippinense. Thus, the varietal designations are based on morphology alone.\n\n[1] Paphiopedilum philippinense âCarolaâ AM/AOS best fits the concept of var. philippinense. Exhibitors: Armando and Carolina Betancourt.","spans":[{"start":55,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":123,"end":136,"type":"em"},{"start":166,"end":180,"type":"em"},{"start":194,"end":233,"type":"em"},{"start":238,"end":250,"type":"em"},{"start":265,"end":292,"type":"em"},{"start":305,"end":319,"type":"em"},{"start":327,"end":339,"type":"em"},{"start":430,"end":457,"type":"em"},{"start":490,"end":500,"type":"em"},{"start":769,"end":782,"type":"em"},{"start":798,"end":825,"type":"em"},{"start":830,"end":843,"type":"em"},{"start":940,"end":953,"type":"em"},{"start":963,"end":975,"type":"em"},{"start":1010,"end":1025,"type":"em"},{"start":1065,"end":1078,"type":"em"},{"start":1208,"end":1221,"type":"em"},{"start":1291,"end":1318,"type":"em"},{"start":1365,"end":1378,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ab81d5a9-ef22-4d0d-8981-50f22042950f_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":247,"height":355},"id":"ZgyDSBMAAB8AqiQ5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Awarded as phippinense âHectorâ FCC/ AOS, this cultivar exemplifies the concept of var. roebelenii with its long, twisted, darkly colored petals that drop nearly straight down. Exhibited by Ramon de los Santos","spans":[{"start":15,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/34516386-0ffc-406f-99e2-095eae457d89_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":349},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACEAqiQO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Paphiopedilum philippinense var. compactum âWindy Hillâs Spriteâ CHM/AOS. Exhibitor: Marilyn LeDoux.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":31,"type":"em"},{"start":37,"end":46,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d1ad417b-0089-453c-ac09-aa146528264d_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":168},"id":"ZgyDRhMAAB8AqiQd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Awarded as Paphiopedilum laevigatum âMikadoâ HCC/AOS in 1981, this is now considered synonymous with philippinense var. philippinense. Exhibitor: Walter Bertsch. ","spans":[{"start":15,"end":39,"type":"em"},{"start":105,"end":118,"type":"em"},{"start":124,"end":137,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6918e782-ae46-43b2-b3f7-27751307070b_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense5.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":346},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACAAqiQQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"DISTRIBUTION\nPaphiopedilum philippinense is found throughout the Philippines and extending southwest to the northeastern corner of the island of Borneo. This includes the islands off the coast of northern Borneo. It is found from sea level up to 1,640 feet (500 m) on limestone outcroppings, in leaf mulch, and on trees, often in completely exposed spaces. In contrast, the range of philippinense var. roebelenii is much smaller, endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Paphiopedilum philippinense plants require bright light, frequent watering, well-drained media and a diurnal difference of over 11 F (6 C) to induce flowering. In the Philippines, blooming occurs summer through fall, and in the United States, the onset of cooler temperatures in the fall induces flowering from January to April.\n\nFORMS\nPaphiopedilum philippinense var. philippinense is a medium-tolarge, warm-growing Paphiopedilum. It has large solid-green leaves approximately 2 inches (5 cm) wide that need to reach 7.1 inches (18 cm) in length prior to blooming, but which can reach up to around 20 inches (50 cm) in length. It is characterized by simultaneous blooming of multiple flowers on an inflorescence with long thin, curling petals.\n\n[5] Paphiopedilum philippinense f. alboflavum âSunset Valley Orchidsâ AM/AOS. Exhibitor: Fred Clarke.","spans":[{"start":13,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":383,"end":397,"type":"em"},{"start":402,"end":413,"type":"em"},{"start":481,"end":508,"type":"em"},{"start":817,"end":844,"type":"em"},{"start":850,"end":864,"type":"em"},{"start":898,"end":911,"type":"em"},{"start":1231,"end":1258,"type":"em"},{"start":1262,"end":1272,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3eac9f78-458e-43dc-9003-b2787c9d3ca5_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense6.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":313},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACIAqiQg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Awarded as philippinense var. album âAlbino Beautyâ AM/AOS, this best fits var. alboviride. Exhibitor: Orchid Inn, Ltd.","spans":[{"start":15,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":34,"end":39,"type":"em"},{"start":84,"end":94,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6f87fd8d-3ee2-40ec-94b3-7a34a09a314d_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense7.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":370},"id":"ZgyDRhMAAB8AqiQe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The flowers of typical examples of philippinense var. philippinense have white sepals striped maroon, thin, curling, maroon petals, and a yellow pouch. In most cases, the petals are long, thin and gently twisted, and the dorsal sepal is broader than the synsepal. The petal length can be highly variable. Though it was known for many years as Paphiopedilum laevigatum as described by Bateman in 1865, the descriptions matched those of the modern-day Paphiopedilum philippinense var. philippinense, leading to the official designation of laevigatum as a synonym for philippinense var. philippinense. However, in Asia, the Taiwan Paphiopedilum Society recognizes a variety of philippinense with short petals and only a slight twist as var. laevigatum. The sepals of Paphiopedilum philippinense var. laevigatum are white with red stripes, the petals are yellow with red, and the pouch is yellow. The petals are straighter, smoother, and extend almost horizontally to the side. Plants are also smaller than var. philippinense and var. roebelenii, and, in some cases, diminutive enough to be considered miniature but generally larger than var. compactum (also now a synonym of var. philippinense) described below.\n\nRöbelenâs Paphiopedilum was described as Cypripedium roebelenii by Reichenbach in the Gardenersâ Chronicle in 1883, where he called it a rival species to philippinense (Reichenbach 1883). It has also been described as Cypripedium philippinense var. roebelenii (Kent 1889) and Paphiopedilum roebelenii by Pfitzer in 1894. It was moved to a varietal form of philippinense in the Genus Paphiopedilum by Cribb (1987), who did not consider it substantially different enough to merit species rank; it is currently known as Paphiopedilum philippinense var. roebelenii.\n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense var. roebelenii was originally described in the Gardenersâ Chronicle as differing from Paphiopedilum philippinense as â[t]he leaves are narrower. The peduncle is more hairyâ¦The hooded staminode has a small apiculus between its two anterior teethâ (Reichenbach 1883). It was also determined by horticulturalists and breeders at some point in the last 100 years to be darker in color than var. philippinense. A larger plant, the petals are generally longer and the majority of plants, over 90%, have petals that hang straight down, whereas the petals of var. philippinense extend to the side before curving downwards. Because of the difference in angle of the petals between var. philippinense and var. roebelenii, when comparing the horizontal natural spread of flowers, var. philippinense is invariably wider than var. roebelenii and the corollary is also true; var. roebelenii exhibits greater vertical natural spread than var. philippinense. The roebelenii variety is also known to have a differently colored and differently shaped staminodal shield from var. philippinense. The original description in the Gardenersâ Chronicle in 1883 states the âstaminode has a small apiculus between its two anterior teeth,â whereas the original description of the staminode for var. philippinense in Bonplandia in 1862 by Reichenbach describes it as âstaminodio cordiformi,â which, when translated from Latin, becomes âstaminode cordiformâ suggesting a heart-shaped staminode with no mention of apiculi or anterior teeth (Reichenbach 1862). Fowlie has a low resolution photograph on orchidspecies. com of a purported Paphiopedilum roebelenii staminode, showing a small protrusion or apiculus between the two anterior teeth but qualifies the photograph with the statement that the staminode only differs slightly from that of var. philippinense. Thus, for hobbyists and the majority of breeders, the major distinguishing morphological characters distinguishing var. philippinense and var. roebelenii is the angle of the petal extension and the length of the petals. \n\nAn albinistic form was first described by Valmayor \u0026 Tiu in 1984 as f. album, although the name was published invali
998dly and therefore has no taxonomic standing. In 2000, Olaf Gruss described the yellow and white forms as f. alboflavum, and in 2016 described the yellow and green forms as f. aureoviride (Gruss 2016). The background color of both forms is white and they differ in the color of the spots, stripes and pouch markings; yellow in f. alboflavum and green in f. aureoviride. Both Dave Sorokowsky of Paph Paradise and Sam Tsui of Orchid Inn, who use Paphiopedilum philippinense in their breeding programs, consider all three named forms to be synonyms of the albino form.\n\n[7] Paphiopedilum philippinense âPenn Valleyâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: W.W. Wilson.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":54,"end":68,"type":"em"},{"start":343,"end":367,"type":"em"},{"start":450,"end":477,"type":"em"},{"start":483,"end":496,"type":"em"},{"start":537,"end":548,"type":"em"},{"start":565,"end":579,"type":"em"},{"start":584,"end":597,"type":"em"},{"start":674,"end":688,"type":"em"},{"start":738,"end":748,"type":"em"},{"start":764,"end":791,"type":"em"},{"start":797,"end":808,"type":"em"},{"start":1008,"end":1022,"type":"em"},{"start":1031,"end":1041,"type":"em"},{"start":1139,"end":1149,"type":"em"},{"start":1177,"end":1190,"type":"em"},{"start":1210,"end":1233,"type":"em"},{"start":1250,"end":1273,"type":"em"},{"start":1364,"end":1378,"type":"em"},{"start":1428,"end":1453,"type":"em"},{"start":1459,"end":1470,"type":"em"},{"start":1486,"end":1510,"type":"em"},{"start":1566,"end":1580,"type":"em"},{"start":1587,"end":1606,"type":"em"},{"start":1727,"end":1754,"type":"em"},{"start":1760,"end":1770,"type":"em"},{"start":1773,"end":1800,"type":"em"},{"start":1806,"end":1817,"type":"em"},{"start":1889,"end":1915,"type":"em"},{"start":2193,"end":2206,"type":"em"},{"start":2358,"end":2372,"type":"em"},{"start":2479,"end":2493,"type":"em"},{"start":2502,"end":2512,"type":"em"},{"start":2576,"end":2590,"type":"em"},{"start":2620,"end":2631,"type":"em"},{"start":2668,"end":2679,"type":"em"},{"start":2730,"end":2743,"type":"em"},{"start":2749,"end":2760,"type":"em"},{"start":2863,"end":2876,"type":"em"},{"start":2910,"end":2930,"type":"em"},{"start":3074,"end":3088,"type":"em"},{"start":3091,"end":3102,"type":"em"},{"start":3408,"end":3432,"type":"em"},{"start":3621,"end":3634,"type":"em"},{"start":3756,"end":3770,"type":"em"},{"start":3779,"end":3790,"type":"em"},{"start":3926,"end":3934,"type":"em"},{"start":4079,"end":4092,"type":"em"},{"start":4300,"end":4313,"type":"em"},{"start":4327,"end":4341,"type":"em"},{"start":4417,"end":4444,"type":"em"},{"start":4544,"end":4571,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d2a109d6-e275-4bf7-85ce-71b456f506ef_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense7.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":262,"height":364},"id":"ZgyGoRMAAB8AqjMB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Paphiopedilum philippinense âSeven Samuraiâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Sam Tsui, Orchid Inn, Ltd.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0e73951c-3377-48ee-80dd-22cd16738b61_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense8.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":249,"height":367},"id":"ZgyGoRMAACAAqjL8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Paphiopedilum philippinense âSamâs Choiceâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Sam Tsui, Orchid Inn, Ltd.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/f586ba36-d077-41ef-8cff-d1d0c3d0ad1c_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense10.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":247,"height":364},"id":"ZgyDRxMAAB8AqiQu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A compact variety, Paphiopedilum philippinense var. compactum, was first described in Die Orchidee (Gruss et al. 2008). It was originally named Paphiopedilum palawanense when it was discovered some years earlier on Palawan, a Philippine island between Luzon and Borneo. However, the authors subsequently realized that the epithet palawanense had already been used in 1901 in âSanderâs Orchid Guideâ for the hybrid of Paphiopedilum rothschildianum and Paphiopedilum dayanum, which is currently registered as Paphiopedilum Kimballianum. Thus, Gruss et al. chose to designate these small, compact specimens as a variety of philippinense. For a few years prior to the official description in Die Orchidee, var. compactum was known as Paphiopedilum philippinense var. palawanense and frequently conflated with var. laevigatum. Today, the prior color forms and var. compactum are all parts of var. philippinense.\n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense var. compactum plants are much smaller than the conventional variety, with leaves of similar width but half the length, giving an overall plant width of about 12 inches (30 cm) or less, making it half the size of var. philippinense. Plants also tend to have fewer flowers per inflorescence, averaging 2â4, compared to the 4â6 flowers expected of typical var. philippinense. The plant also blooms earlier from flask. Compact forms occur in both conventional coloring and albino plants. So-called Pa
998phiopedilum philippinense var. compactum f. aureoviride (small, compact yellow-andgreen forms) combine the tendency toward smaller size in albino plants with the compact variety to give the smallest philippinense yet.\n\nSPECIES AWARDS\nThere have been 143 awards given to philippinense, with plants still being awarded every year. It is also the primary parent of 214 registered hybrids. Of these 143, 34 awards (24%) are specifically to var. roebelenii; spread evenly among quality and cultural awards. As of this writing in early 2023, there have been three AOS awards to var. compactum. Indeed, two awards were given in 2022 alone. This shows that despite being a long-cultivated species, philippinense continues to maintain its popularity and to develop in new directions.\n\nAlthough philippinense var. roebelenii is distinct from var. philippinense based on its range, size, petal length, petal orientation and coloration, intermingling of var. roebelenii and var. philippinense for over 100 years leads to a distinct challenge in determining the criteria for separating the two varieties and, if parentage is unknown, for determining which variety is present. Additionally, as hobbyists are drawn to longer petals over shorter petals, breeders have responded by breeding var. roebelenii into the var. philippinense. Therefore, the average horizontal spread of var. philippinense has diminished over the last three decades. For example, philippinense âPenn Valleyâ AM/AOS, awarded in 1980, had a horizontal spread of 6.3 inches (16 cm), and philippinense âSeven Samuraiâ AM/ AOS, awarded in 2018, had a horizontal spread of 2.9 inches (7.4 cm).\n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense has been in cultivation for many generations, and the cultivars used today for breeding are distant from wild-collected specimens. As a result, modern philippinense is much easier to bloom and grow. Using modern philippinense also makes its hybrids hardier. Paphiopedilum philippinense contributes flower count, narrow petals and a narrow dorsal sepal to its progeny. Breeders have tended to cross philippinense to other members of subgenus Paphiopedilum Section Coryopedilum (Cribb 1998), as they have similar characteristics in flower count, dorsal sepal width, and petal width. Paphiopedilum philippinense will always narrow the petals, which can be extremely detrimental to flower form when the other parent is a rounder Paphiopedilum such as a bulldog-type complex hybrid or members of the subgenus Parvisepalum (Cribb 1998). Paphiopedilum philippinense has a 2n chromosome count of 26. When breeding outside of its subgenus, the ploidy can be a mismatch and the fertility of the offspring goes down. In these cases, it is impossible to obtain a F2 generation. This can be seen in the lack of offspring from intersubgeneric crosses.\n\nAs stated previously, breeders such as Sam Tsui of Orchid Inn and Dave Sorokowsky of Paph Paradise are breeding philippinense var. philippinense and the other varieties of philippinense back to var. philippinense to create easierto-grow, faster-to-bloom, and more floriferous philippinense plants. They are also seeking to produce flowers with darker color, with longer petals or, to accommodate the increasing population of windowsill hobbyists, smaller plants. For example, Sam Tsuiâs philippinense âSeven Samuraiâ, received an 83-point AM/AOS on its first blooming, with seven flowers on one inflorescence as well as an FCC of 91 for philippinense âSamâs Choiceâ as a first-bloom seedling.","spans":[{"start":19,"end":46,"type":"em"},{"start":52,"end":61,"type":"em"},{"start":86,"end":98,"type":"em"},{"start":144,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":330,"end":342,"type":"em"},{"start":418,"end":446,"type":"em"},{"start":451,"end":472,"type":"em"},{"start":507,"end":533,"type":"em"},{"start":620,"end":633,"type":"em"},{"start":688,"end":700,"type":"em"},{"start":707,"end":717,"type":"em"},{"start":730,"end":757,"type":"em"},{"start":763,"end":775,"type":"em"},{"start":810,"end":820,"type":"em"},{"start":860,"end":870,"type":"em"},{"start":892,"end":905,"type":"em"},{"start":908,"end":935,"type":"em"},{"start":941,"end":951,"type":"em"},{"start":1154,"end":1167,"type":"em"},{"start":1295,"end":1308,"type":"em"},{"start":1431,"end":1458,"type":"em"},{"start":1464,"end":1488,"type":"em"},{"start":1632,"end":1646,"type":"em"},{"start":1703,"end":1716,"type":"em"},{"start":1874,"end":1884,"type":"em"},{"start":2010,"end":2019,"type":"em"},{"start":2123,"end":2137,"type":"em"},{"start":2218,"end":2232,"type":"em"},{"start":2237,"end":2248,"type":"em"},{"start":2270,"end":2284,"type":"em"},{"start":2380,"end":2391,"type":"em"},{"start":2400,"end":2414,"type":"em"},{"start":2712,"end":2723,"type":"em"},{"start":2737,"end":2750,"type":"em"},{"start":2801,"end":2815,"type":"em"},{"start":2872,"end":2886,"type":"em"},{"start":2976,"end":2990,"type":"em"},{"start":3081,"end":3108,"type":"em"},{"start":3260,"end":3274,"type":"em"},{"start":3321,"end":3335,"type":"em"},{"start":3367,"end":3394,"type":"em"},{"start":3507,"end":3521,"type":"em"},{"start":3550,"end":3564,"type":"em"},{"start":3572,"end":3585,"type":"em"},{"start":3690,"end":3717,"type":"em"},{"start":3834,"end":3848,"type":"em"},{"start":3913,"end":3926,"type":"em"},{"start":3940,"end":3967,"type":"em"},{"start":4360,"end":4374,"type":"em"},{"start":4379,"end":4393,"type":"em"},{"start":4420,"end":4434,"type":"em"},{"start":4447,"end":4461,"type":"em"},{"start":4524,"end":4538,"type":"em"},{"start":4735,"end":4749,"type":"em"},{"start":4885,"end":4899,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://prismic-io.s3.amazonaws.com/aosweb/f0198639-3699-4d32-90c2-5cb580afae4a_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense11.png","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":522,"height":870},"id":"ZgyMuhMAAB8Aqk3e","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The most successful hybrids of philippinense are those made within its subgenus, especially within its section. This can be seen through the number of awarded plants and the number of second-generation or F2 progeny (Table 1). Though many primary hybrids have been made with philippinense, those made with paphiopedilums in subgenera Parvisepalum and Brachypetalum, based on a search of registered hybrids, have fewer F2 progeny than the primary hybrids made between philippinense and members of its own section. The four most popular and famous hybrids of philippinense are Paphiopedilum Saint Swithin (à rothschildianum), Paphiopedilum Berenice (à lowii), Paphiopedilum Michael Koopowitz (à sanderianum) and Paphiopedilum Mount Toro (à stonei). The parents of three out of four of these primary hybrids belong to subgenus Paphiopedilum Section Corypedilum, and one is from Section Pardopedilum (lowii), the section most closely related genetically through sequencing analysis (Chochai et al. 2012). \n\nThe success of Saint Swithin is unsurprising, given that Saint Swithin is the primary hybrid of philippinense and rothschildianum, registered in 1901. There are 228 AOS awards for Saint Swithin in OrchidPro. It is a registered parent to 180 second-generation philippinense progeny. In Saint Swithin, philippinense contributes its longer petals and its vigor, and rothschildianum, as the âKing of Paphiopedilums,â contributes its large size. This results in a flower as large or larger than a rothschildianum with a broad dorsal sepal and long draping petals, which can go from seed to bloom far more quickly than the 10â15 years rothschildianum has been known to require. When using smaller philippinense, such as var. laevigatum or var. compactum, as a parent to reduce the size of the plant and increase the maturity rate, Dave Sorokowsky has been able to create a Saint Swithin that bloomed only three years out of flask.\n\nThe horizontal natural spread of Saint Swithin is also dependent upon the form of philippinense used as a parent. Use of var. roebelenii will result in a smaller horizontal natural spread than when var. philippinense is used. This can be seen when comparing Saint Swithin âSunset Valley Orchidsâ FCC/AOS with a natural horizontal spread of 7.5 inches (19 cm) to Saint Swithin âKrullâs Princeâ AM/AOS with a natural horizontal spread of 5.3 inches (13.5 cm). Often, use of var. roebelenii will also result in a greater vertical natural spread due to the the longer petals of the var. roebelenii parent. This can also be seen in the petal length and vertical natural spread of Saint Swithin âKrullâs Princeâ AM/AOS, 9 inches (22.8 cm) and 11.1 inches (28.2 cm), respectively, and Saint Swithin âSunset Valley Orchidsâ FCC/AOS has 7.6-inch (19.2-cm) petals and a vertical natural spread of only 9.6 inches (24.5 cm). Visually and statistically, it can be inferred that Saint Swithin âKrullâs Princeâ AM/AOS has philippinense var. roebelenii as a parent, because the petal angle on rothschildianum is constant.\n\nPaphiopedilum Berenice (lowii à philippinense) is a perennial favorite. It was registered in 1891, making it older than Saint Swithin. There are 78 awards to Berenice listed in OrchidPro. Its pouch resembles lowii, which also contributes wider petals. Once again, petal length and dorsal sepal width comes from philippinense. Although the base of the dorsal sepal on philippinense is considered narrow, it does not reflex in the manner exhibited by the dorsal sepal of lowii. In this case, the flat dorsal of philippinense somewhat abates the dorsal reflexing contributed by lowii. Color is variable in Berenice and highly depends on whether var. philippinense (lighter), var. roebelenii (darker) or an albinistic form of philippinense was used. Paphiopedilum Berenice âBlumen Inselâ, FCC/AOS scored 92 points, commended for its improved size, form and incredible color, was upgraded from an HCC/AOS of just 75 points back in 1995. With the new, darker philippinense cultivars now mature and reaching first bloom, it is possible that future Berenice will also exhibit deeper color. Crossing lowii f. aureum with an albinistic form of philippinense results in a pale, albalike Berenice with peach tones. In 2013, Berenice âOmahaâ was awarded an HCC/AOS of 77 points with a specific notation in the description that its parents were the aureum form of lowii and an alba form of philippinense. Using alba parents, as noted in the award description of Berenice âOpheliaâs Graceâ HCC/AOS, results in a pale-yellow flower.","spans":[{"start":31,"end":45,"type":"em"},{"start":275,"end":288,"type":"em"},{"start":334,"end":347,"type":"em"},{"start":351,"end":364,"type":"em"},{"start":467,"end":481,"type":"em"},{"start":557,"end":571,"type":"em"},{"start":575,"end":589,"type":"em"},{"start":606,"end":621,"type":"em"},{"start":624,"end":638,"type":"em"},{"start":658,"end":672,"type":"em"},{"start":692,"end":704,"type":"em"},{"start":710,"end":724,"type":"em"},{"start":738,"end":744,"type":"em"},{"start":824,"end":838,"type":"em"},{"start":846,"end":857,"type":"em"},{"start":883,"end":896,"type":"em"},{"start":1099,"end":1113,"type":"em"},{"start":1117,"end":1132,"type":"em"},{"start":1262,"end":1276,"type":"em"},{"start":1303,"end":1317,"type":"em"},{"start":1366,"end":1381,"type":"em"},{"start":1495,"end":1511,"type":"em"},{"start":1632,"end":1648,"type":"em"},{"start":1694,"end":1707,"type":"em"},{"start":1722,"end":1733,"type":"em"},{"start":1741,"end":1750,"type":"em"},{"start":2011,"end":2025,"type":"em"},{"start":2055,"end":2066,"type":"em"},{"start":2132,"end":2146,"type":"em"},{"start":2406,"end":2417,"type":"em"},{"start":2512,"end":2523,"type":"em"},{"start":2937,"end":2951,"type":"em"},{"start":2956,"end":2967,"type":"em"},{"start":3007,"end":3023,"type":"em"},{"start":3037,"end":3051,"type":"em"},{"start":3061,"end":3067,"type":"em"},{"start":3069,"end":3082,"type":"em"},{"start":3214,"end":3223,"type":"em"},{"start":3245,"end":3250,"type":"em"},{"start":3348,"end":3361,"type":"em"},{"start":3404,"end":3418,"type":"em"},{"start":3506,"end":3511,"type":"em"},{"start":3546,"end":3560,"type":"em"},{"start":3612,"end":3617,"type":"em"},{"start":3684,"end":3698,"type":"em"},{"start":3714,"end":3725,"type":"em"},{"start":3759,"end":3773,"type":"em"},{"start":3783,"end":3797,"type":"em"},{"start":3990,"end":4004,"type":"em"},{"start":4128,"end":4143,"type":"em"},{"start":4171,"end":4185,"type":"em"},{"start":4387,"end":4393,"type":"em"},{"start":4413,"end":4426,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Paphiopedilum Saint Swithin âSunset Valley Orchidsâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Fred Clarke.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c9b606e3-963c-43fa-855b-d5e9dc7e880b_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense12.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":384,"height":561},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACIAqiQ6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Paphiopedilum Saint Swithin âKrullâs Princeâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Krull-Smith.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/194376c0-d49e-48b4-a3f9-9d1efc9819a0_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense13.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":387,"height":568},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACIAqiQ2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Paphiopedilum Michael Koopowitz is a cross between philippinense and sanderianum. It was not registered until 1993, most likely because of the many decades that sanderianum was not in cultivation. Yet, it has 61 AOS awards and 47 awards given by other orchid or paphiopedilum societies, making it extremely successful despite its recent registration. Paphiopedilum sanderianum is known for its long, curling petals that can reach up to 39 inches (1 m) in length. As philippinense has shorter petals, Michael Koopowitz cannot reach the immense vertical natural spread of sanderianum, but it gains variety in the corkscrew spirals, both looser and tighter. Paphiopedilum philippinense also contributes its wider dorsal sepal, but this is ameliorated by the increase in dorsal sepal length, resulting in a similar cupping of Michael Koopowitz flower that is also seen in the flowers of sanderianum. Like many other strap-leaf paphiopedilums, sanderianum is also an extremely slow species to grow from flask. It can take upwards of eight years before its first blooming. By crossing with philippinense, vigor is imparted to Michael Koopowitz, reducing the long wait from flask to bloom. \n\nUnlike lowii, no albinistic forms of sanderianum are currently known. Albinism is a recessive trait in philippinense and it is unlikely that use of an albino philippinense with a conventional form of sanderianum would produce an albinistic Michael Koopowitz. Instead, sibling crosses or selfings would be required of the F1 progeny, resulting in albinistic Michael Koopowitz in approximately 25% of the F2 offspring. Sam Tsui of Orchid Inn has been attempting to create an albino Michael Koopowitz by this method, and it is something to look for in the coming years.\n\n[12] Paphiopedilum Berenice âBlumen Inselâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Dr. and Mrs. Henry Clay Frick.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":51,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":69,"end":80,"type":"em"},{"start":161,"end":173,"type":"em"},{"start":351,"end":377,"type":"em"},{"start":466,"end":480,"type":"em"},{"start":570,"end":581,"type":"em"},{"start":655,"end":682,"type":"em"},{"start":883,"end":894,"type":"em"},{"start":939,"end":951,"type":"em"},{"start":1084,"end":1097,"type":"em"},{"start":1192,"end":1197,"type":"em"},{"start":1222,"end":1234,"type":"em"},{"start":1288,"end":1302,"type":"em"},{"start":1343,"end":1357,"type":"em"},{"start":1385,"end":1397,"type":"em"},{"start":1758,"end":1771,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/00225431-57e7-486b-9ce9-7e7e3cb6f957_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense14.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":258,"height":349},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACIAqiQh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Paphiopedilum Berenice âOmahaâ HCC/ AOS; exhibitor: Joe and Karen Lankton. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/24fb5a40-81b4-425c-8881-36fb8a8a2821_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense15.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":247,"height":349},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACIAqiQ1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Paphiopedilum Berenice âOpheliaâs Graceâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Mary Ann Denver.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e7b48aaf-e6aa-4f05-a3ff-0060fff66680_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense16.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":510,"height":333},"id":"ZgyDRxMAACIAqiQz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Paphiopedilum Delphi âT.O.P. Pickâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Jack Schendowich.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://prismic-io.s3.amazonaws.com/aosweb/c875974e-b7cb-4440-a47b-b2c99d4b7088_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense15.png","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":264,"height":178},"id":"ZgyMuRMAACEAqk3Z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Paphiopedilum Mount Toro (stonei à philippinense) rounds out the top-four primary hybrids. Paphiopedilum stonei tends to be even slower growing than sanderianum. Like rothschildianum, it is a reliable bloomer once it begins to bloom, but the time from flask to first bloom follows the trend of the other three strapleaf parents of the top-four philippinense primary hybrids. Once again, philippinense brings its vigor to Mount Toro by making it easier to grow and reducing the time from flask to first bloom, and stonei brings its prominent white dorsal. The first stonei f. alboflavum was awarded in 1999 by the Taiwan Paphiopedilum Society (as f. album). A cross with an albinisitic philippinense finally produced two awardable albino Mount Toro cultivars at the Taiwan International Orchid Show in 2016.\n\nOther members of section Polyantha with albino forms are haynaldianum (f. album), glanduliferum, kolokapingii and dianthum (f. album). An albino primary hybrid has already been awarded for Paphiopedilum Lian Tan (dianthum à philippinense). For kolokapingii, an albino form of Paphiopedilum Temptation has been made, but not yet awarded, and for haynaldianum and glanduliferum, the albinistic forms of Paphiopedilum Lebaudyanum and Paphiopedilum Deena Nicol have yet to be seen.\n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense has been crossed with species from every section of subgenus Paphiopedilum, but the majority of crosses from subgenera Paphiopedilum and Parvisepalum are not awarded and not have any registered progeny. The most successful hybrids are between philippinense and subsections Sigmatopetalum and Cochlopetalum and subgenus Brachypetalum. Parvisepalum, with its rounder flowers, often do not mix well aesthetically with the long, thin petals of philippinense. This can be seen in Delphi (delenatii à philippinense), which has only two low-point-score HCCs since its registration in 1983. In a similar manner, breeding philippinense with complex âbulldogâ paphiopedilums has the same issue. When the goal is to breed toward large, round flowers, then philippinense, with its consistent contribution of thin petals, immediately forces the shape away from the ideal. The contribution of the multifloral nature of philippinense is often quickly lost in the F2 and F3 generations, along with its petal dimensions.\n\n[16] Paphiopedilum Michael Koopowitz âFalconâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: ShinYi Orchids; photographer: Jea Shang Photography.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":33,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":48,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":149,"end":160,"type":"em"},{"start":167,"end":182,"type":"em"},{"start":344,"end":358,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":401,"type":"em"},{"start":513,"end":519,"type":"em"},{"start":565,"end":585,"type":"em"},{"start":649,"end":654,"type":"em"},{"start":685,"end":699,"type":"em"},{"start":833,"end":843,"type":"em"},{"start":865,"end":887,"type":"em"},{"start":890,"end":903,"type":"em"},{"start":905,"end":918,"type":"em"},{"start":922,"end":931,"type":"em"},{"start":932,"end":940,"type":"em"},{"start":997,"end":1011,"type":"em"},{"start":1021,"end":1030,"type":"em"},{"start":1032,"end":1045,"type":"em"},{"start":1052,"end":1064,"type":"em"},{"start":1084,"end":1098,"type":"em"},{"start":1153,"end":1166,"type":"em"},{"start":1170,"end":1183,"type":"em"},{"start":1209,"end":1223,"type":"em"},{"start":1239,"end":1253,"type":"em"},{"start":1287,"end":1314,"type":"em"},{"start":1376,"end":1389,"type":"em"},{"start":1434,"end":1448,"type":"em"},{"start":1452,"end":1465,"type":"em"},{"start":1558,"end":1572,"type":"em"},{"start":1588,"end":1603,"type":"em"},{"start":1607,"end":1621,"type":"em"},{"start":1634,"end":1647,"type":"em"},{"start":1649,"end":1661,"type":"em"},{"start":1755,"end":1768,"type":"em"},{"start":1798,"end":1808,"type":"em"},{"start":1810,"end":1823,"type":"em"},{"start":1928,"end":1942,"type":"em"},{"start":2060,"end":2073,"type":"em"},{"start":2220,"end":2234,"type":"em"},{"start":2325,"end":2338,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/104a377f-276d-4ff1-9f1c-cc481e0c29ef_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense18.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":897,"height":1210},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACIAqiQ3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Paphiopedilum Mount Toro âSnow Peakâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Jeff Morris.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/054befe9-9d03-4846-8682-eacef3fcc2b3_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense19.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":388,"height":556},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACAAqiQ0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Paphiopedilum Mount Toro âShin Yueh #8â; exhibitor: Shin Yueh Orchids.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ea6c1df7-bf01-46ca-b373-e16044233197_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense20.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":382,"height":556},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACAAqiQ-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Paphiopedilum Lian Tan âTadpoleâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: George Titterton.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/799f5e3e-7194-4e29-9678-9f11450e4eeb_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense21.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":376,"height":489},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACAAqiQb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is possible that the accounting of hybrids and awards for Paphiopedilum Youngianum, Paphiopedilum Clinkaberryanum, Paphiopedilum Umatilla and Paphiopedilum Lian Tan is incorrect, because of the reclassification of species. In the case of Youngianum and Clinkaberryanum, Paphiopedilum curtisii was considered a species in its own right, but in 1988 was recognized as a variety of Paphiopedilum superbiens. Prior to 2001, both curtisii and superbiens var. curtisii were recognized and awarded as independent species. After 2001, all curtisii have been awarded as superbiens var. curtisii. Because superbiens var. curtisii was preferred over superbiens var. superbiens for hybridization and the award to Youngianum was given in 1980, it is not entirely clear whether superbiens var. curtisii or var. superbiens was used to make the single-awarded Youngianum. A similar situation exists for Umatilla and Lian Tan, both hybrids of dianthum. Described by Tang and Wang in 1940 as a species in its own right, Karas and Saito reclassified it as a varietal form of parishii, Paphiopedilum parishii var. dianthum, in 1982. OrchidPro records awards for parishii var. dianthum starting in 1989 and dianthum starting in 1997. Until 2004, both synonyms are used concurrently in OrchidPro. The Australian Orchid Council recorded its awards for this species as dianthum, whereas the AOS was using parishii var. dianthum. Starting in 2006, the AOS also switched to dianthum, but because of this change in name, it is possible that some awarded Umatilla cultivars may have parishii var. dianthum as a parent. It might be possible to separate Umatilla parentage by floriferousness, because parishii should average 8â9 flowers per inflorescence, whereas dianthum averages 3â5 flowers, giving a geometric mean of 5â6 flowers. Paphiopedilum Umatilla âMayâ HCC/AOS and âGreat Hawaiianâ HCC/AOS were awarded in 1987 and 1997 with only two and four flowers, respectively, and these two cultivars look very similar to âBlack Tie Weltzâ AM/AOS awarded in 1993, which had a higher flower count at six flowers and one bud on its inflorescence. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine after the fact whether âMayâ HCC/AOS and âGreat Hawaiianâ HCC/ AOS should really be known as Lian Tan. Indeed, Lian Tan was not even registered until 2007 and may be a more successful hybrid than can be credited from its one recent award. It is possible, with the name changes, that many more Lian Tan will be awarded in the future.\n\n[20] Paphiopedilum Youngianum âBozoâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: W.W. Wilson.","spans":[{"start":61,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":101,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":132,"type":"em"},{"start":145,"end":159,"type":"em"},{"start":273,"end":296,"type":"em"},{"start":382,"end":406,"type":"em"},{"start":428,"end":437,"type":"em"},{"start":441,"end":452,"type":"em"},{"start":457,"end":466,"type":"em"},{"start":534,"end":543,"type":"em"},{"start":564,"end":575,"type":"em"},{"start":580,"end":588,"type":"em"},{"start":598,"end":609,"type":"em"},{"start":614,"end":623,"type":"em"},{"start":642,"end":653,"type":"em"},{"start":658,"end":669,"type":"em"},{"start":767,"end":778,"type":"em"},{"start":783,"end":792,"type":"em"},{"start":800,"end":811,"type":"em"},{"start":929,"end":937,"type":"em"},{"start":1059,"end":1067,"type":"em"},{"start":1069,"end":1092,"type":"em"},{"start":1097,"end":1105,"type":"em"},{"start":1116,"end":1125,"type":"em"},{"start":1145,"end":1154,"type":"em"},{"start":1159,"end":1167,"type":"em"},{"start":1189,"end":1198,"type":"em"},{"start":1267,"end":1276,"type":"em"},{"start":1348,"end":1356,"type":"em"},{"start":1384,"end":1393,"type":"em"},{"start":1398,"end":1406,"type":"em"},{"start":1451,"end":1459,"type":"em"},{"start":1558,"end":1567,"type":"em"},{"start":1572,"end":1581,"type":"em"},{"start":1674,"end":1683,"type":"em"},{"start":1737,"end":1746,"type":"em"},{"start":1808,"end":1822,"type":"em"},{"start":2504,"end":2517,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/418ab2c4-cd05-4cdc-b4cf-a1c70189d819_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense22.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":259,"height":366},"id":"ZgyDSBMAAB8AqiQ8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Paphiopedilum Clinkaberryanum âOrchid Loftâ AM/AOS; exhibitor The Orchid Loft.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8a8df5b7-cd28-408a-9abc-26c583288792_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense23.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":255,"height":366},"id":"ZgyDRxMAAB8AqiQt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Paphiopedilum Umatilla âMayâ HCC/ AOS; exhibitor: W.W. Wilson.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a7ef466f-abcb-47a3-bcf3-f12071b2cc1c_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense24.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":261,"height":367},"id":"ZgyDRxMAAB8AqiQs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Paphiopedilum Umatilla âGreat Hawaiianâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Great Hawaiian Orchids, Ltd.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8bc8ee85-f915-4339-abf6-7049f502cdcf_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense25.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":259,"height":367},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACEAqiQR","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24] Paphiopedilum Umatilla âBlack Tie Weltzâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: S.R. Weltz, Jr.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6a96bc5e-19c4-4ba3-bff8-ea059c041ee9_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense26.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":256,"height":364},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACAAqiQm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"At least two primary hybrids, which have not reached the award numbers of the top four hybrids, should be considered up and coming: Temptation and Paphiopedilum Addicted Phillip. Paphiopedilum Temptation is (kolopakingii à philippinense). Paphiopedilum kolopakingii is very floriferous and can increase the flower count of its hybrids. This makes it a popular parent for breeders. The cultivar âWacoustaâ was awarded an FCC of 90 points in 2017 with six flowers on a single inflorescence. There have even been awarded plants with eight flowers on an inflorescence and reports of plants producing up to 15/inflorescence. However, it is a very large plant and its hybrids are not easily grown by hobbyists, because of the space necessary to keep them. Dave Sorokowsky has been crossing kolopakingii with the compact form of philippinense in attempts to have both floriferousness and a smaller plant with great vigor.\n\nPaphiopedilum adductum var. anitum and Paphiopedilum anitum is another pair of names that spawn confusion. Paphiopedilum adductum was described by Asher in 1983. In 1998, a particularly dark form of adductum was described by Galamco as anitum and then reclassified in 2000 by Koopowitz as adductum var. anitum, where it is currently accepted. Paphiopedilum Addicted Phillip, registered in 1991, is (philippinense à adductum) and in this breeding line, the goal is to allow adductum to darken and intensify the color in the cross. With that stated goal, the question must be asked as to whether adductum var. anitum was the adductum parent or a more typically colored variant. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the Hybrid Register continued, until quite recently, to accept registrations using anitum as a parent, in effect creating darkly colored strains of prior registered grexes under new names.\n\n[25] Paphiopedilum Addicted Phillip âDark Passengerâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Cheyenne Miller.","spans":[{"start":147,"end":161,"type":"em"},{"start":179,"end":193,"type":"em"},{"start":208,"end":221,"type":"em"},{"start":223,"end":236,"type":"em"},{"start":239,"end":265,"type":"em"},{"start":784,"end":797,"type":"em"},{"start":822,"end":836,"type":"em"},{"start":916,"end":938,"type":"em"},{"start":944,"end":951,"type":"em"},{"start":955,"end":975,"type":"em"},{"start":1023,"end":1046,"type":"em"},{"start":1115,"end":1124,"type":"em"},{"start":1152,"end":1159,"type":"em"},{"start":1205,"end":1214,"type":"em"},{"start":1219,"end":1225,"type":"em"},{"start":1259,"end":1273,"type":"em"},{"start":1315,"end":1329,"type":"em"},{"start":1331,"end":1339,"type":"em"},{"start":1389,"end":1398,"type":"em"},{"start":1510,"end":1519,"type":"em"},{"start":1524,"end":1531,"type":"em"},{"start":1539,"end":1548,"type":"em"},{"start":1841,"end":1854,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fc8ce3ba-a41e-4b77-af0a-b0a6b309135e_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense27.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":523,"height":754},"id":"ZgyDRxMAACAAqiQo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Paphiopedilum Yang-ji Apple is an example. It is commonly believed that all Addicted Phillip breeding and awarded plants were actually made with an anitum form of adductum, which is preferred by breeders for its darker color. However the cross of philippinense by adductum var. anitum is registered as Yang-Ji Apple. There are no AOS awards to Yang-Ji Apple compared to 27 awards for Addicted Phillip, but it is a popular parent for crosses made overseas and is a parent in eight registered grexes compared to the three plants naming Addicted Phillip as the parent. Comparison of the awarded Addicted Phillip âDark Passengerâ AM/AOS to a Yang-Ji Apple owned by Tony Casler shows striking similarities. There are also many unregistered crosses with YangJi Apple, and some may begin showing up before judging teams as the imports become more popular.\n\nComplex hybridization with strap-leaf paphiopedilums produces inconsistent results. Therefore, philippinense is often bred back to its own F1 progeny or crossed with other primary hybrids when complex hybridization is attempted. For example, it has been successfully crossed with Paphiopedilum Bel Royal, a primary hybrid between rothschildianum and kolopakingii, to create Paphiopedilum Crouching Tiger. This cross looks like a more floriferous version of Saint Swithin, and has already garnered 12 AOS awards, including an FCC, since its registration in 2008. Paphiopedilum Saint Swithin has also been crossed back to philippinense for a double dose of the species in Paphiopedilum Moustache. This hybrid has 32 AOS awards, including five FCCs, since its registration in 1982. Another successful hybrid, which mimics Saint Swithin in many aspects, is Paphiopedilum Kemp Tower (Prince Edward of York à philippinense); it looks like Saint Swithin but with longer petals. Paphiopedilum Kemp Tower has 15 AOS awards, including two FCCs. All three of these hybrids show that when rothschildianum combines philippinense, even with other paphiopedilums in the mix, the result is a differently colored or sized Saint Swithin. For reasons not yet well understood, the desirable traits of philippinense do not pass on to the majority of its progeny when it is more than one generation back, and often there are very few viable seedlings in the flask (Table 2). \n\nPaphiopedilum philippinense has also been crossed with Maudiae-type paphiopedilums, most likely as an attempt to increase flower count in the latter. Maudiae-type paphiopedilums originate from hybrids of Paphiopedilum callosum and Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum, two species in subgenus Paph. Section Barbata. Maudiae-type paphiopedilums already have narrower petals and the further attenuation of the petals by philippinense will not be as detrimental to aesthetics. For the most part, the awarded hybrids have scored lower, and none have been awarded an FCC/ AOS. Both callosum and lawrenceanum typically produce a single flower, rarely two, per inflorescence. When crossed to philippinense making Paphiopedilum Millmanii and Paphiopedilum Charles Steimetz, respectively, the hybrids have 2â3 flowers/inflorescence. Neither of these hybrids have registered F1 progeny, nor does Paphiopedilum Weather Vane (Maudiae à philippinense), suggesting that an F2 generation is not viable. Therefore, it appears that the only way to have a Maudiae-type paphiopedilum with multiple flowers is to breed one with a multifloral as an F1.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":148,"end":155,"type":"em"},{"start":163,"end":171,"type":"em"},{"start":264,"end":273,"type":"em"},{"start":278,"end":285,"type":"em"},{"start":945,"end":959,"type":"em"},{"start":1130,"end":1144,"type":"em"},{"start":1180,"end":1196,"type":"em"},{"start":1200,"end":1212,"type":"em"},{"start":1224,"end":1238,"type":"em"},{"start":1412,"end":1426,"type":"em"},{"start":1470,"end":1484,"type":"em"},{"start":1520,"end":1534,"type":"em"},{"start":1703,"end":1717,"type":"em"},{"start":1753,"end":1766,"type":"em"},{"start":1821,"end":1835,"type":"em"},{"start":1927,"end":1943,"type":"em"},{"start":1952,"end":1965,"type":"em"},{"start":2131,"end":2145,"type":"em"},{"start":2305,"end":2332,"type":"em"},{"start":2509,"end":2531,"type":"em"},{"start":2536,"end":2562,"type":"em"},{"start":2602,"end":2609,"type":"em"},{"start":2713,"end":2727,"type":"em"},{"start":2872,"end":2881,"type":"em"},{"start":2885,"end":2898,"type":"em"},{"start":2980,"end":2994,"type":"em"},{"start":3001,"end":3015,"type":"em"},{"start":3029,"end":3043,"type":"em"},{"start":3181,"end":3195,"type":"em"},{"start":3219,"end":3232,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7e157559-9213-4b0f-9ce3-d4b796c93db8_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense28.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":769,"height":547},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACEAqiQS","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Paphiopedilum Green Horizon was made by crossing the popular Paphiopedilum Makuli (Maudiae à sukhakulii) with philippinense. Paphiopedilum Makuli produces one flower/ inflorescence, occasionally two on a particularly well-grown plant. Awarded Green Horizon average 3.4 flowers/ inflorescence. The petals are not substantially longer and range from being the same width as the Makuli parent to at least twice as wide as the philippinense parent. The dorsal sepal also contracts in width, the influence of philippinense, but not in an unbalanced fashion, as the synsepal ends up more symmetrical. The awarded clones are all albinos, most likely made with an albinistic Makuli and one of the albino clones of philippinense. Use of a colored clone of Makuli results in a colored Green Horizon whose patterning is more similar to the Makuli parent than philippinense, suggesting that color in the cross comes from the Makuli side. All awarded Paphiopedilum Lime Twist and Paphiopedilum Somers Phil were made with albino Maudiae-type parents. Only Paphiopedilum Red Dragon involved a colored Maudiae-type parent. In all these crosses, flower count consistently runs 2â4 flowers/inflorescence, reinforcing the conclusion that philippinense only provides a boost in floriferousness, whereas other features, such as color and form, follow the Maudiae-type parent.\n\nIn summary, philippinense produces excellent primary hybrids when bred to other multifloral paphiopedilums. It is less successful as a parent outside Section Coryopedilum. There are many different forms of philippinense, providing a large genetic diversity, which allows for breeding in multiple directions at once. First and foremost, it contributes its vigor, creating easy-to-grow hybrids. Size reduction will make philippinense and its hybrids more accessible to hobbyists in colder climates or where space is a factor. Lovers of the long, curling elegance of the petals will enjoy the increase in floriferousness in the new cultivars. The horizontal natural spread of philippinense primary hybrids is greatly influenced by the choice of var. philippinense or var. roebelenii as the parent. Finally, breeders are choosing to breed for color in both directions: albino and saturated dark tones. With the shorter time required to go from flask to flowering of hybrids with vigorous philippinense as a parent, many of these hybrids will be appearing upon the scene in as little as five years and are something to anticipate.\n\n[26] Paphiopedilum Crouching Tiger âJulio Davidâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Julio David Rios.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":61,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":110,"end":123,"type":"em"},{"start":125,"end":139,"type":"em"},{"start":423,"end":437,"type":"em"},{"start":504,"end":517,"type":"em"},{"start":706,"end":719,"type":"em"},{"start":848,"end":861,"type":"em"},{"start":938,"end":952,"type":"em"},{"start":967,"end":981,"type":"em"},{"start":1042,"end":1056,"type":"em"},{"start":1219,"end":1233,"type":"em"},{"start":1368,"end":1382,"type":"em"},{"start":1514,"end":1526,"type":"em"},{"start":1562,"end":1575,"type":"em"},{"start":1774,"end":1788,"type":"em"},{"start":2029,"end":2043,"type":"em"},{"start":2103,"end":2117,"type":"em"},{"start":2125,"end":2136,"type":"em"},{"start":2340,"end":2354,"type":"em"},{"start":2488,"end":2501,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d939ca0e-ced5-4dc5-a86d-d6aac31caf2e_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense29.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":252,"height":312},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACAAqiQP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] Paphiopedilum Moustache âMarion Smithâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Krull-Smith.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fdffef52-86c1-41a2-9f38-a10c48ddd235_image-Paphiopedilum-phil
998ippinense30.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":258,"height":325},"id":"ZgyDRxMAACAAqiQp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[28] Paphiopedilum Kemp Tower âJoanâ FCC/AOS; exhibitor: Dr. and Mrs. Stephen Feairheller.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/71754232-6140-4cb6-a66b-6928ce7dbfe1_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense31.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":250,"height":330},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACEAqiQZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Paphiopedilum Millmanii âSentinelâs Ghostâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Mark A. Werther.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a1fc098f-bd68-4585-970c-9bcd85ec733b_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense32.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":259,"height":364},"id":"ZgyDSBMAACIAqiQ9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Paphiopedilum Green Horizon âJoanâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Dr. and Mrs. Stephen Feairheller.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0c158220-0d71-4b07-84b9-72235ad68abf_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense33.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":256,"height":183},"id":"ZgyDRRMAACAAqiQX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[31] Paphiopedilum Lime Twist âJudyâs Joyâ AM/AOS; exhibitor: Judy Cook.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/2dd44550-984c-4090-8887-40c3f0b97ede_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense34.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":253,"height":181},"id":"ZgyDRhMAACIAqiQa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] Paphiopedilum Red Dragon âVolcanoâ HCC/AOS; exhibitor: Akatsuka Orchid Gardens.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/65972c5c-990b-42ac-bf11-26d6af5ac5d9_image-Paphiopedilum-philippinense35.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":258,"height":364},"id":"ZgyDRxMAACIAqiQr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nREFERENCES \nChochai, A., I.J. Leitch, M.J. Ingrouille, and M.F. Fay. 2012. Molecular Phylogenetics of Paphiopedilum (Cypripedioideae; Orchidaceae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Plastid Sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 170(2):176â196. doi: 10.1111/j.1095- 8339.2012.01293.x.\n\n Cox, A.V., A.M. Pridgeon, V.A. Albert, and M.W. Chase. 1997. Phylogenetics of the Slipper Orchids (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae): Nuclear rDNA ITS Sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution 208(3/4):197â223.\n\n Cribb, P. 1987. The Genus Paphiopedilum. In: Christopher Grey-Wilson and Victoria Matthews, editors, A Kew Magazine Monograph. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in association with Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. _. 1998. The Genus Paphiopedilum. In: Brian Mathew, editor, A Botanical Magazine Monograph: Natural History Publications (Borneo), 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew\n\nGruss, O. 2016. âPaphiopedilum philippinense var. compactum f. aureoviride, Eine Neue Farbform. Die Orchidee 2(3):3â4.\n\nGruss, O., L. Roellke, and J. Roeth. 2008. Paphaphiopedilum philippinense var. compactum. Die Orchidee 59(3/4):316.\n\nHooker, J.D. 1865. Cypripedium laevigatum. Curtisâs Botanical Magazine 91, ser. 3, v.21:t5508\n\nKarasawa, K., and K. Saito. 1982. A Revision of the Genus Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae): Hiroshima Botanical Garden, Hiroshima, Japan.\n\nKent, A.H. 1889. Cypripedium philippinense. In J. Veitch \u0026 Sons A Manual of Orchidaceous Plants Cultivated Under Glass in Great Britain, PL 4:42.\n\nLinden, J. 1887. Cypripedium cannartianum hort. Lindenia;
998 Iconographie des Orchidees 3:Pl. CXLI, 93.\n\nMay 1885. Deux Nouveaux Selenipedium. Revue Horticole (Paris) 57:301â302\n\nPfitzer, E.H.H 1888. Paphiopedilum laevigatum. In H.G.A.Engler \u0026 K.A.E. Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2(6):84._. 1895. Paphiopedilum roebelenii. Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie19:41.\n\nReichenbach, H.G. 1862. Trias Orchidacea Philippinensis. Bonplandia 22. _. 1883. Cypripedium Robbelenii. The Gardenersâ Chronicle: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects n.s.:v.19.\n\nRolfe, R.A. 1912. Cordula philippinensis. Orchid Review 20:2.\n\nStein, B. 1892. Steinâs Orchideenbuch. Beschreibung, Abbildung und Kulturanweisung der empfehlenswertesten Arten. Mit 184 in den Text gedruckten Abbildungen. P. Parey, Berlin.\n\nâDr. Kay Perry started growing orchids during graduate school at Northwestern University. She received her PhD in biochemistry and biophysics in 2002 and performs basic biomedical research in collaboration with scientists from around the world investigating organisms such as the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus. In her free time, she applies the research techniques she learned in graduate school toward learning more about orchids. She is currently a student judge with the Chicago Judging Center (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2369,"end":2893,"type":"em"},{"start":2865,"end":2891,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"https://mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYMxEAAHoTf-Km","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-september-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"6198b6b2-a4b5-4d7a-9b02-b98dbc3377d6","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Paphiopedilum philippinense","MetaDescription":"Paphiopedilum philippinense has been in cultivation for over 100 years. In the early years, it was rediscovered, renamed and redescribed multiple times, leading to a conclusion by some that this is a highly variable species in color, shape and size. In the literature, it is often not described separately, but lumped in as a member of a larger orchid subgroup, which often includes rothschildianum, sanderianum, stonei, praestans, haynaldianum and lowii, as if the authors did not wish to expend the effort on an uninteresting or confusing species. Yet, the longevity of philippinense in cultivation belies its lack of documentation in the literature.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"db19da03-75ee-47e3-bf90-b39d9800dca8","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zgw3zhMAAB8AqNd0","uid":"genus-of-the-month-robiquetia","url":"/orchids/articles/genus-of-the-month-robiquetia","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zgw3zhMAAB8AqNd0%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-03T20:33:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-14T22:14:22+0000","slugs":["genus-of-the-month-robiquetia"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0f8e89c8-a383-4e42-8393-bc1fe166e391_image-august-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Zgw3lxMAACAAqNaA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0f8e89c8-a383-4e42-8393-bc1fe166e391_image-august-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Zgw3lxMAACAAqNaA","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fc5933ad-07a8-4291-85a5-75c442f3ff93_image-august-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Zgw3ohMAACEAqNax","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fc5933ad-07a8-4291-85a5-75c442f3ff93_image-august-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Zgw3ohMAACEAqNax","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Genus of the Month: Robiquetia","Author":"Thomas Mirenda and Ron McHatton","ArticleDate":"2023-08-01","Summary":"A Stimulant or Depressant? You Decide!\nThis genus of colorful and attractive vandaceous orchids is still little known, rarely cultivated but for a few species and quite a spectacle when grown into a specimen plant. The genus is capable of blooming as a small cutting or immature plant, but most of us never realized what marvels these plants can be when grown on to larger dimensions.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Though there are some 70-plus species, very few have made it into cultivation, and many are the result of taxonomic lumping and redistribution of genera such as Malleola and Abdominea. The type species, Robiquetia ascendens, was described by Charles Gaudichaud Beaupré in 1829. Because his generic circumscriptions were largely ignored by other botanists who followed him, most species described in the 19th century were placed in the broadly defined Saccolabium. Early in the 20th century, the work of J.J. Smith and Schlechter resulted in the recognition of the genus as distinct, and many species now included in the genus Robiquetia may have been previously placed in Cleisocentron, Aerides, Sarcanthus, Pomatocalpa, Gastrochilus and even Rhynchostylis, making for a very confusing array of synonyms and troublesome taxonomic webs. All of these sarcanthine genera are closely related and the phylogeny is not yet fully understood.","spans":[{"start":161,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":174,"end":183,"type":"em"},{"start":203,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":451,"end":462,"type":"em"},{"start":626,"end":636,"type":"em"},{"start":672,"end":733,"type":"em"},{"start":743,"end":756,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Widespread through much of Southeast Asia, from southern China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and several of the Pacific Islands, the genusâs distribution through such diversity of habitats and geographic isolation on islands and mountain ranges accounts for much of its rampant speciation. Happily, most species are from lowland rainforests, keeping their culture far less complicated. Most species are stout, climbing epiphytes that eventually become pendent and branching over time as they mature. Their inflorescences bear rather small, but tightly clustered, usually succulent, almost berry-like flowers in pendent racemes that can be very attractive. Inflorescences produce new flowers at the tip of the inflorescence as spent flowers drop off, extending the flowering period to a month or more. Few of the species open widely and most have a curved, helmet-like dorsal sepal adding to the berry effect. One characteristic shared by all the species is the presence of a prominent, fleshy spur.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Robiquetias should be grown like Aerides; bright, but not full, light levels and even intermediate to warm temperatures (60â65 F [15.6â18.3 C] at night and 75â85 F [23.9â49.4 C] during the day) with frequent watering. Most species seem to prefer being grown in some form of potting medium (unlike vandas, which thrive in an empty basket). A mediumgrade fir barkâcharcoal mixture in clay pots has worked well for some growers. Flower color in Robiquetia varies from pure white (Robiquetia compressa), to yellow variously marked with brown (Robiquetia spathulata and Robiquetia pantherina are examples) to deep reddish purple (both Robiquetia mooreana and Robiquetia cerina share this color form) to near-black (the Australian Robiquetia wassellii, for instance).","spans":[{"start":33,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":442,"end":452,"type":"em"},{"start":477,"end":497,"type":"em"},{"start":539,"end":560,"type":"em"},{"start":565,"end":586,"type":"em"},{"start":630,"end":649,"type":"em"},{"start":654,"end":671,"type":"em"},{"start":725,"end":745,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âThis exceptionally well-grown cultivar of Robiquetia cerina received a 95 point Certificate of Cultural Excellence when exhibited at the Northeast Center monthly judging in Boylston, Massachusetts in September of 2015. The plant, Rbq. cerina âMarlow Orchidsâ, CCE/AOS, was grown by Jim Marlow and photographed by Teck Hia. ","spans":[{"start":46,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":234,"end":245,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/17d1dac8-514a-4784-a206-278f8c7a8d8b_image-robiquetia.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":2475,"height":3338},"id":"Zgw1MxMAACAAqMv4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n[2-4]âThe flowers of Robiquetia cerina have the widest range of color variation in the genus from yellow to shades of red-orange to red-purple to bright purple. Robiquetia cerina was first described as Saccolabium cerinum in 1888. In 1915, Ames described Malleola merrillii moving it to Robiquetia in 1922 without recognizing its synonymy with the older Robiquetia cerina name.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":39,"type":"em"},{"start":162,"end":179,"type":"em"},{"start":203,"end":222,"type":"em"},{"start":256,"end":274,"type":"em"},{"start":288,"end":298,"type":"em"},{"start":355,"end":372,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/f848a8f3-6a10-4d79-bb66-b0509c6e93ef_image-robiquetia-cerina-2.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":428,"height":654},"id":"Zgw1XBMAACIAqMyd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d01b1b5c-2e38-4674-864d-24286f91a29e_image-robiquetia-cerina-3.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":430,"height":632},"id":"Zgw1WhMAACIAqMyU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/941329b4-0098-4c9e-9858-c6d5ac7e9433_image-robiquetia-cerina-4.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":422,"height":590},"id":"Zgw1WhMAACIAqMyT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The most likely species you may encounter is Robiquetia cerina. It is endemic to the Philippines, but the first author has found it to be quite amenable to cultivation. A variable species with a several color forms, such as yellow, red and purple, this species (as is the case for most species of Robiquetia) thrives in most humid greenhouses under cattleya or phalaenopsis conditions, preferring bright shade, intermediate to warm temperatures and fairly high humidity. Plants are robust and the light green leaves have lightly serrate apices. The flowers of this species (Robiquetia merrillii is considered a synonym) are so tightly packed on the inflorescence that it is said one can actually squeeze the flower cluster without damaging the individual flowers. One drawback of this species is its tendency to produce roots only at the base of the plant and not intermittently along the stem. This makes it difficult, unlike many vandaceous species, to âtopâ; apical cuttings simply do not produce roots and the plants rarely produce lateral shoots. In mature plants, basal keikis are formed, leading to specimen plants.","spans":[{"start":45,"end":62,"type":"em"},{"start":297,"end":307,"type":"em"},{"start":574,"end":594,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Species such as Robiquetia mooreana (New Guinea) and Robiquetia ascendens (from the Moluccas) may look somewhat similar floristically but offer distinctly different plant habits and inflorescence lengths as they mature. Robiquetia mooreana produces large, showy clusters of deep redâpurple flowers on some of the largest plants in the genus, with plants reaching upwards of 16 inches (40 cm) and leaves up to 8 inches (20 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":35,"type":"em"},{"start":53,"end":73,"type":"em"},{"start":220,"end":239,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Robiquetia cerina is endemic to the Philippine archipelago. A very similar species, Robiquetia mooreana is found from New Guinea westward to the Solomon Islands. Superficially similar, the flowers of Robiquetia mooreana open far more widely than those of Rbq. cerina and it is this feature that is perhaps most easily used to distinguish the two species. \n[6] Robiquetia spathulata (pictured here) and Robiquetia pantherina is another pair of superficially similar species with widely disparate ranges; the former species found from the eastern Himalayas to Malesia and Hainan island in China while the latter species is endemic to the Philippines. The two are most easily distinguished in flower by the sharply defined white lines down the center of the sepals and petals in Rbq. spathulata. The brown markings of Rbq. pantherina are randomly distributed without those white lines. \n[7] Robiquetia mooreana produces some of the longest, most showy flower cluster
998s in the entire genus.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":88,"end":107,"type":"em"},{"start":204,"end":223,"type":"em"},{"start":259,"end":270,"type":"em"},{"start":364,"end":385,"type":"em"},{"start":406,"end":427,"type":"em"},{"start":780,"end":795,"type":"em"},{"start":819,"end":834,"type":"em"},{"start":892,"end":911,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7af9c8a2-9d37-45a3-91a9-139cb86b24fc_image-robiquetia-cerina-5.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1342,"height":900},"id":"Zgw2ahMAACAAqNFJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/eda3c9a3-0d1e-4c4f-a932-c92987688c7e_image-robiquetia-cerina-6.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":930},"id":"Zgw2ahMAACEAqNFF","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6aa3463b-bbcf-4e37-a569-fce73d3db5bb_image-robiquetia-cerina-7.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":428,"height":928},"id":"Zgw2ahMAACAAqNFE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Some of the other species are quite different, such as Robiquetia compressa, from the Philippines, so named because its stem is often flattened to the branch on which it grows. Its distinct white flowers, produced on branched inflorescences, have contrasting bright orange-red lip side lobes. The flowers of this species often open more widely than the previously mentioned ones. This species produces the longest spurs in the genus. Robiquetia spathulata is one of the few that open widely and make for a very different kind of show. The species is found from northeastern India and Yunnan Province of China through Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand and Indochina. Its flowers have a white background color heavily overlaid with brown markings. The species is most easily distinguished from Robiquetia pantherina from the Philippines in that the brown markings of Rbq. spathulata are distinctly interrupted to produce a white line down the center of the sepals and petals. The flowers of Rbq. pantherina lack these white lines.","spans":[{"start":55,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":434,"end":455,"type":"em"},{"start":792,"end":813,"type":"em"},{"start":865,"end":880,"type":"em"},{"start":989,"end":1004,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Little is known of the pollinators of the genus, although the prominent spur, copious nectar and tightly clustered flowers held well away from the plant suggest either bird (especially for those species that produce stout inflorescences) or butterfly pollination.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Robiquetia compressa from the Philippines is a very distinctive species. Its bright white flowers are produced on large, branched panicles and have perhaps the longest spurs in the genus. In addition, the plant stems are flattened and often grown appressed to the tree limb or mount on which the plant is attached. \n[9]âMost commonly a rich, shiny green, the flowers of Robiquetia wassellii from northern Queensland, Australia can be so intensely colored that, in some plants, the flowers appear to be black. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":394,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/31a70f37-a419-4f37-b773-6c07c967a03e_image-robiquetia-cerina-8.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":422,"height":648},"id":"Zgw3KxMAAB8AqNSh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d0128cda-3388-44f1-a372-20ae89e785e0_image-robiquetia-cerina-9.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":426,"height":644},"id":"Zgw3KxMAACAAqNSi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"This genus was named for a French chemist and pharmacist, Dr. Pierre-Jean Robiquet, to whom we owe quite a debt. He was the discoverer of both caffeine and morphine and frankly, we could not wake up in the morning, or survive painful trips to the hospital, without his innovations. The genus honors him and his contributions to our pharmacopeia. Whether robiquetias stimulate you or put you to sleep, they are a fitting tribute to the man. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Tom Mirenda has been working professionally with orchids for over three decades. He is currently an AOS trustee and is a past chair of the AOS Conservation Committee. He is an AOS accredited judge in the Hawaii Center (email: biophiliak@ gmail.com). Ron McHatton has been growing orchids for nearly 60 years and is currently the Societyâs Chief Education and Science Officer. He is an accredited judge in the Florida North-Central Center (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":466,"type":"em"},{"start":447,"end":464,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYOBEAAIwTf-LC","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-august-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:21:00+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"bad825a0-494f-47ab-a6d7-49eedd1f56f9","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Genus of the Month: Robiquetia","MetaDescription":"This genus of colorful and attractive vandaceous orchids is still little known, rarely cultivated but for a few species and quite a spectacle when grown into a specimen plant.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"e338d0c8-0182-4e77-b546-3895a64cd5e5","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zqu8qhEAACAAkwlp","uid":"dendrobium-and-its-relatives","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-and-its-relatives","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zqu8qhEAACAAkwlp%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-08-02T21:27:14+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-08-14T14:55:58+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-its-relatives"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4f1b4cf7-0d4b-48e7-bd22-f6dad387fcd3_image-march20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLmLBEAACMAZX3W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4f1b4cf7-0d4b-48e7-bd22-f6dad387fcd3_image-march20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLmLBEAACMAZX3W","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/26831f52-6ddd-4368-bd63-6be66860f7fd_image-march20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLmLBEAACIAZX3V","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/26831f52-6ddd-4368-bd63-6be66860f7fd_image-march20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLmLBEAACIAZX3V","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and its Relatives","Author":"Jim Cootes","ArticleDate":"2023-08-01","Summary":"We all grow our orchids for the flowers, which we enjoy so much. Then again some species are worth growing just for the unusual growth habit of the plant. The new growths of this section of Dendrobium start out looking just like all the other cane types but early in the growth cycle, the stem flattens and ultimately becomes very thin yet still club-shaped. Oh, and the flowers are attractive too.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"We all grow our orchids for the flowers, which we enjoy so much. Then again some species are worth growing just for the unusual growth habit of the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The focus of this article is on members of the genus Dendrobium from the section Platycaulon; the latter term is derived from the Greek word âplatusâ for âflatâ and the Latin word âcaulisâ meaning âstem.â The distinguishing characteristic of this section is the pseudobulbs, which are club-shaped and laterally flattened. The thinly textured leaves are arranged in two ranks on reduced and split sheaths along the stem. Another interesting botanical feature is that they have retained the swollen stem by stretching the sheaths rather than bunching the leaves distally. The pseudobulbs are initially erect, becoming pendulous with age. Older stems are leafless. The flowers are thought to be bee-pollinated and last about a week. In some species, the flowers open widely but in others, the blooms are cupped. There is uncertainty about the number of species as several of them are closely related, although up to about 12 species are generally recognized at present. Most experts consider section Platycaulon as being closely related to the larger section Calcarifera J.J. Smith. The geographic range of section Platycaulon is broad, from Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Vanuatu and Fiji. The habitats are mostly lowland forests with year-round rainfall.","spans":[{"start":53,"end":63,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":92,"type":"em"},{"start":142,"end":148,"type":"em"},{"start":181,"end":187,"type":"em"},{"start":997,"end":1009,"type":"em"},{"start":1056,"end":1068,"type":"em"},{"start":1112,"end":1124,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Rudolf Schlechter proposed this section in 1905 in Schumann and Lauterbachâs NachtraÌge zur Flora der Deutschen Schutzgebiete in der SuÌdsee: mit Ausschluss Samoaâs und der Karolinen (Addendums on the Flora of the German Protected Areas in the South Seas: Excluding Samoa and the Caroline Islands). The type species for the section is Onychium lamellatum Blume, which when transferred to the genus Dendrobium became Dendrobium lamellatum (Blume) Lindley.","spans":[{"start":77,"end":183,"type":"em"},{"start":335,"end":355,"type":"em"},{"start":398,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":416,"end":438,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Close-up an individual Dendrobium compressum flower. Grown by Jeff Champion. ","spans":[{"start":27,"end":48,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym-x5LeNNTxwI2_image-dendrobiums-relatives-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1170,"height":1172},"id":"Zqym-x5LeNNTxwI2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A SELECTION OF SPECIES","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium compressum John Lindley named this species in 1842 in Edwardsâs Botanical Register. The specific epithet refers to the flattened pseudobulbs. The plant can reach 5.0 inches (12.7 cm) in length. The flowers are golden yellow and about 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) in diameter. There is also a white- colored form. This is a widespread species, which has been recorded from Myanmar (Burma), Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, the Natuna Islands and Borneo. It grows at elevations of between 400 and 4,000 feet (122â1,219 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"strong"},{"start":65,"end":93,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium davaoense Amihan Lubag-Arquiza named this plant in 2006 in the Australian Orchid Review. Plants reach a length of about 7 inches (17.8 cm). This recently described species has flowers about 0.75â1 inch (1.9â2.5 cm) in diameter. Flowers are variable in their coloration. The specific epithet refers to Davao City on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines. This species grows at elevations of about 4,400 feet (1,314 m) and is endemic to the Philippines.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":74,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium lamellatum Carl Blume first named this species in 1825 as Onychium lamellatum. John Lindley transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1830 in his Genera and
998Species of Orchidaceous Plants. The specific epithet refers to the flattened pseudobulbs. Plants are about 5.0 inches (12.7 cm) in length. The flowers are about 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) in diameter. It has been recorded from Java, Sumatra and Thailand, where it grows from sea level up to about 4,000 feet (1,219 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"strong"},{"start":69,"end":88,"type":"em"},{"start":131,"end":142,"type":"em"},{"start":157,"end":198,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Dendrobium davaoense grown by Elmer C. Bagos. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym-h5LeNNTxwI1_image-dendrobiums-relatives-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1176,"height":876},"id":"Zqym-h5LeNNTxwI1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium milaniae Hans Fessel and Emil LuÌckel named this species in 1996 in the German publication Die Orchidee (âThe Orchidâ). The specific epithet honors Dr. Paciencia P. Milan of the Visayan State College of Agriculture on the island of Leyte, which is in the central Philippine archipelago. Plants are about 4.0 inches (10.2 cm) long à 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) wide à 1â8 inch (0.3 cm) thick. Flowers are variable in their coloration, and they are sweetly scented, reminiscent of violets. The species is endemic to the Philippines and only known from the southern Philippine islands, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":102,"end":115,"type":"em"},{"start":117,"end":127,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium platycaulon Robert Rolfe described this plant in 1892 in the Kew Bulletin. The specific epithet (again) refers to the flattened pseudobulbs. Plants can reach a length of about 8 inches (20.3 cm). Inflorescences can carry up to five flowers, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. This species is another Philippines endemic and only known from the northern islands of the Philippines, where it grows at elevations of about 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":72,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium platygastrium Heinrich G. Reichenbach named this plant in 1878 in Otia Botanica Hamburgensia (I can find no English translation for this publication). The specific epithet means âflat stomach.â I do not know to which feature of the flower this refers. The pseudobulbs of this plant can reach 18 inches (45.7 cm) in length, and the flowers are about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. Several inflorescences can be produced simultaneously. Dendrobium platygastrium is a widely spread species, which has been recorded from New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu. It grows from sea level to about 6,000 feet (1,829 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":77,"end":104,"type":"em"},{"start":449,"end":474,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium pseudolamellatum Jeffrey Wood and Anthony Lamb described this species in 2010 in the Malesian Orchid Journal. The specific epithet means âfalse lamellatumâ referring to the resemblance of this species to Den. lamellatum (Blume) Lindley. The plants are about 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) long and the leaves are extremely long, reaching over 8.0 inches (20.3 cm) in length by almost 3.0 inches (7.6 cm) in width. The underside of the leaves is deep purple. The inflorescences can have up to five flowers, but sometimes the inflorescences are underneath the leaves. This species is endemic to Borneo where it grows at elevations of between 1,000 and 2,400 feet (305â732 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":96,"end":119,"type":"em"},{"start":215,"end":218,"type":"em"},{"start":220,"end":231,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium speckmaieri Hans Fessel and Emil LuÌckel named this species in 2002 in the German publication Die Orchidee. The specific epithet honors Manfred Speckmaier, who found the plants used to make the description. This species only reaches 4.0 inches (10.2 cm) in length and just over 1â2 inch (1.3 cm) in width; the flowers are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. It is endemic to northern Sulawesi, where it grows at elevations of about 5,000 feet (1,524 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":105,"end":117,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium treubii Johannes J. Smith named this orchid in 1906 in Orchids of Ambon. The specific epithet honors a Professor Treub. The pseudobulbs of this plant can reach 18 inches in length, and the flowers are about 2.25 inches (5.7 cm) in diameter. This species is only known from the islands of Ambon and Ceram in the Indonesian archipelago and grows at low elevations.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":66,"end":82,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dendrobium lamellatum","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym-R5LeNNTxwIz_image-dendrobiums-relatives-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":880,"height":1160},"id":"Zqym-R5LeNNTxwIz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CuLTIVATION\nIn cultivation, warm-to-intermediate conditions with year-round moisture and filtered sunlight are recommended.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Dendrobium milaniae photographed in situ.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym-B5LeNNTxwIy_image-dendrobiums-relatives-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1170,"height":882},"id":"Zqym-B5LeNNTxwIy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgment\nMy sincere thanks to Elmer Bagos (Philippines), Ronny Boos (Philippines), Jeffrey Champion (Bali, Indonesia) and Ron Parsons (uSA) for the use of their pictures to help illustrate this article.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Dendrobium milaniae clearly showing the unusual growth habit of this section.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym9x5LeNNTxwIx_image-dendrobiums-relatives-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1176,"height":772},"id":"Zqym9x5LeNNTxwIx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] An orange form of Dendrobium milaniae.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":41,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym9h5LeNNTxwIv_image-dendrobiums-relatives-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1180,"height":844},"id":"Zqym9h5LeNNTxwIv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Dendrobium platycaulon photographed in situ.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym9R5LeNNTxwIu_image-dendrobiums-relatives-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1182,"height":770},"id":"Zqym9R5LeNNTxwIu","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dendrobium platycaulon","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym8h5LeNNTxwIt_image-dendrobiums-relatives-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":562,"height":880},"id":"Zqym8h5LeNNTxwIt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Further Reading","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cootes, J. 2011. Philippine Native Orchid Species. Katha Publishing, Quezon City, Philippines.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":49,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lavarack, B., W. Harris and G. Stocker. 2000. Dendrobium and its Relatives. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, New South Wales, Australia.","spans":[{"start":46,"end":74,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Lewis, B. and P.J. Cribb. 1989. Orchids of Vanuatu. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, united Kingdom. Wood, H.P. 2006. The Dendrobiums. A.R.G. Gantner","spans":[{"start":32,"end":50,"type":"em"},{"start":123,"end":138,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.\nWood, J.J. 2014. Dendrobium of Borneo. Natural History","spans":[{"start":49,"end":69,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Publications (Borneo), in association with Royal Botanic","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Gardens, Kew, Richmond, united Kingdom.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Dendrobium pseudolamellatum grown by White Oak Orchids.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym8R5LeNNTxwIs_image-dendrobiums-relatives-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":562,"height":942},"id":"Zqym8R5LeNNTxwIs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Dendrobium platygastrium","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym8R5LeNNTxwIr_image-dendrobiums-relatives-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1176,"height":944},"id":"Zqym8R5LeNNTxwIr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Dendrobium treubii grown by Cindy Hill.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym7x5LeNNTxwIq_image-dendrobiums-relatives-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":966},"id":"Zqym7x5LeNNTxwIq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Dendrobium speckmaieri grown by Marni Turkel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zqym7x5LeNNTxwIp_image-dendrobiums-relatives-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":566,"height":884},"id":"Zqym7x5LeNNTxwIp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jim Cootes has grown orchids for almost 50 years. He specializes in species orchids of Australia and Asia, particularly those of the Philippines. Mr. Cootes has written three books on Philippines orchid species and has also written countless articles, both scientific and of a more general nature that have been published worldwide. He lives in Sydney, Australia, where he keeps a
998small collection of orchids (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":440,"type":"em"},{"start":419,"end":438,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZqP2mBQAACIAaw8m","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-august-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-07-31T19:30:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:56:50+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"8857acd5-b205-4ec4-89a5-0a8636aeb450","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Dendrobium and its Relatives","MetaDescription":"We all grow our orchids for the flowers, which we enjoy so much. Then again some species are worth growing just for the unusual growth habit of the plant. The new growths of this section of Dendrobium start out looking just like all the other cane types but early in the growth cycle, the stem flattens and ultimately becomes very thin yet still club-shaped. Oh, and the flowers are attractive too.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"418bbfb6-86b8-4d9e-bbd0-e0ab7738c31a","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZquVnREAACEAks_E","uid":"orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter-part-2-the-flower","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter-part-2-the-flower","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZquVnREAACEAks_E%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-08-02T21:27:14+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-04-01T15:52:27+0000","slugs":["orchid-parts-and-why-they-matter"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd_v093n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd_v093n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd_v093n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd_v093n08coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZqP3XB5LeNNTxiKd","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Orchid Parts and Why They Matter","Author":"Sue Bottom/illustrations by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2023-08-01","Summary":"Orchids have flowers for one reason, so the flower can be pollinated, the seed produced and the next generation created. The orchid flower, its color, shape, and fragrance, has evolved to entice its pollinator to visit, often employing complex strategies to achieve success. We humans have a much simpler goal; we just want our plants to bloom with wild abandon so we can enjoy the flowers!","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchids have flowers for one reason, for sexual reproduction, so the flower can be pollinated, seed produced and the next generation created. As a group, orchids can be pollinated by bees, wasps, flies, moths, butterflies, fungus gnats or birds, although a given orchid species often has an exclusive relationship with its specific pollinator. The orchid flower, its color, shape and fragrance, has evolved to entice its pollinator to visit, often employing complex strategies to achieve success. We humans have a much simpler goal; we just want our plants to bloom with wild abandon so we can enjoy the flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"On cattleyas, flower buds emerge from a modified leaf (sheath) that encloses an emerging inflorescence. Some cattleyas bloom soon after the growth matures and the sheath is formed (these are said to bloom on green sheaths) and others rest for several months before blooming (and are said to bloom on dried sheaths). Sheaths should be watched carefully. If the color changes to yellow or brown, the sheath should be carefully opened and pulled down so water can drain freely. Otherwise, condensation inside the sheath from dayânight temperature changes can cause the flower buds to rot in the sheath. Some cattleyas, such as those with Cattleya walkeriana in the background, do not bloom from sheaths. With these orchids, if you allow water to accumulate in the cataphyll extending above the leaf base, it can rot the emerging bud.","spans":[{"start":635,"end":655,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The inflorescence (in-floor-ESS-ents) is the flowering part of the plant. Typical parts of the inflorescence include the peduncle (pe-DuNK-ul), pedicel (PED-i- sel) and the flower itself. On a cattleya, the inflorescence consists of a peduncle, the stalk of the inflorescence that arises from the bulb, and the pedicel, the stalk of an individual flower that branches from the peduncle. Some orchids, such as Rhyncholaelia digbyana, have a long and twisted pedicel so the flower is normally not well displayed unless it has been staked to provide structural support. Phalaenopsis bloom from a raceme (ray-SEEM), a type of inflorescence with short-stalked flowers borne on an elongated stem that bears the pedicels and flowers. Racemes can be upright, arched or even pendent. Those of phalaenopsis are most often upright or arched and should be staked during the development of the flower spike to make sure the flowers are presented to their best advantage.","spans":[{"start":409,"end":431,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchid flowers have three outer and three inner flower parts. The outermost flower parts are the three sepals, the dorsal sepal at the top of the flower and the two lateral sepals at the bottom of the flower. The innermost flower parts are the petals, consisting of the two petals on either side of the flower and the lip or labellum, usually at the base of the flower. The lip is a modified petal and often the most striking part of the flower. It is very different from the other two petals and plays an important role in pollination, often serving as a landing platform for insects. The column is a fleshy structure in the middle of the flower and consists of fused reproductive parts, the male anther, which bears the pollinia or pollen pellets, and the female receptive organ, the stigma, a shiny depression filled with a sticky fluid. You do not need to know much more about this X-rated material unless you feel compelled to carry a toothpick around with you while you are admiring your orchid flowers. At that point, you will have to give yourself over to a higher power as your orchid addiction has escalated!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Â The sheath provides structural support for the flower, but if it yellows or browns it should be carefully removed before the buds inside rot.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZquZaR5LeNNTxuXI_image-orchid-parts-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1190,"height":1178},"id":"ZquZaR5LeNNTxuXI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Â This Cattleya walkeriana hybrid has no flower sheath but water can collect in the leaf pocket and rot emerging buds.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZquZah5LeNNTxuXJ_image-orchid-parts-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":578,"height":926},"id":"ZquZah5LeNNTxuXJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Â Plants with weak peduncles may require staking for good presentation of their flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZquZax5LeNNTxuXK_image-orchid-parts-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1188,"height":786},"id":"ZquZax5LeNNTxuXK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Â The column consists of fused male and female reproductive parts and is one of the distinguishing features of an orchid.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZquZbB5LeNNTxuXL_
998image-orchid-parts-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1186,"height":1082},"id":"ZquZbB5LeNNTxuXL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":408,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":406,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZqP2mBQAACIAaw8m","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-august-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-07-31T19:30:55+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-01T09:56:50+0000","uid":"orchids-august-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"e2df93b6-32dc-4d6f-bc55-5ae33ef09e6e","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Orchid Parts and Why They Matter, Part 2: The Flower","MetaDescription":"Orchids have flowers for one reason, so the flower can be pollinated, the seed produced and the next generation created. The orchid flower, its color, shape, and fragrance, has evolved to entice its pollinator to visit, often employing complex strategies to achieve success. We humans have a much simpler goal; we just want our plants to bloom with wild abandon so we can enjoy the flowers!","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"14582e48-f801-4721-b9f1-29c337c9683a","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZgwwkhMAACIAqLeD","uid":"fertilize-weakly-weekly","url":"/orchids/articles/fertilize-weakly-weekly","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgwwkhMAACIAqLeD%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-03T20:33:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-02T13:18:48+0000","slugs":["fertilize-weakly-weekly"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e9c97eff-0a7a-4398-8f5e-a2824946905f_image-july-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZgwpjRMAACEAqJhk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e9c97eff-0a7a-4398-8f5e-a2824946905f_image-july-2023-featured-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZgwpjRMAACEAqJhk","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6fe2fbce-6007-4a47-8d37-8d5c626a84c2_image-july-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZgwpmBMAACEAqJiV","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6fe2fbce-6007-4a47-8d37-8d5c626a84c2_image-july-2023-standard-thumb.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZgwpmBMAACEAqJiV","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Fertilize Weakly Weekly","Author":"Sue Bottom/Photographs by Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2023-07-01","Summary":"The instructions on most watersoluble fertilizer packages usually say something like âapply at the rate of 1 teaspoon per gallon.â They do not give different application rates for your philodendrons, your roses or your orchids. Many of the orchids we grow as hobbyists are epiphytes, growing on the sides of trees where nutrients are scarce, so they are very efficie
998nt at capturing dissolved minerals.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"This is quite different from your other garden plants that grow in soil, which holds nutrients for easy uptake. You often read that you should fertilize your orchids weakly weekly, perhaps because it is an easy adage to remember. How much fertilizer should you apply to your orchids? Well, itâs complicated, and there are many factors to consider.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ARE YOUR ORCHIDS IN ACTIVE GROWTH?\nMost orchids accelerate their growth rate when the days lengthen, and the sun intensity increases in the spring. Your goal is to match the fertilizer application rate to the growth rate, so the availability of nutrients is not a limiting factor. Many, but by no means all, orchids rest during the winter months. Most cattleyas do not require much, if any, fertilizer in winter. The winter-dormant orchids, such as habenarias and catasetums, should be kept mostly dry, with no water or fertilizer in winter. The soft cane dendrobiums like a coolish, dryish winter with occasional waterings but no fertilizer, which would encourage the formation of keikis rather than flowers. Alternatively, phalaenopsis continue growing in winter and should be fertilized, albeit at a lower rate.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WHAT MEDIA ARE YOU USING?\nSphagnum moss and peat-based mixes such as Pro-Mix tend to hold fertilizer salts more tightly than coarse or inorganic media, so salts can build up in the mix. The nature of the mix makes it very difficult to flush, so more dilute fertilizer should be used with salt-retentive media. Organic media such as bark will hold onto some nutrients, which can be absorbed over time by the orchid. Many orchid books recommend a high-nitrogen fertilizer such as 30-10-10 be used with bark-based mixes, but this has the unintended impact of hastening the degradation of the bark by the microbial population that feeds on the extra nitrogen. Inorganic mixes such as clay pebbles and charcoal may adsorb salts onto their surface, but they are generally not available to the plant later.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW MANY SOLUBLE SALTS ARE IN YOUR WATER?\nIf you notice lots of white hard water deposits on your plant leaves, you likely have hard water. This type of water tends to be alkaline, has plenty of calcium though maybe not much magnesium, and, over time, can increase the pH around the root zone of your orchids, leading to nutrient deficiencies. This water also tends to be high in soluble salts, and the addition of fertilizer, which is basically another salt, just increases the salt content of the water. The conventional wisdom is to try to minimize fertilizer additions to prevent salt toxicity, although the different salts can compete for uptake, so you may actually have to increase fertilizer rates in order for the plant to receive enough of each of the nutrients it requires. If you have pure water, such as rainwater or reverse osmosis water, you have the opposite situation. You must supply all the nutrients to your plants. If you have tap water, you are likely somewhere between these extremes.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1]âTry to balance the competing air and moisture needs by blending together different materials. For a mix that provides some nutrient retention while providing airy open pore space
998s for the roots, try something like the St. Augustine Orchid Society coarse mix, which contains about 30% bark, 30% coarse perlite, 30% clay pebbles, and 10% charcoal. ","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/44646ad7-9827-4dab-881d-944e8f084762_image-fertillize-weakly-weekly-1.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":596},"id":"ZgwukhMAACAAqK6j","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Vandas are heavy feeders. You can spray the roots several times a day with dilute fertilzer solutions to supply all the mineral nutrition they need to flower well.","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/857b71d5-48cc-470f-a62b-3d03ee55a23e_image-fertillize-weakly-weekly-2.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1344,"height":966},"id":"ZgwupxMAACIAqK79","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW OFTEN DO YOU FERTILIZE?\nMany orchid books recommend you fertilize weekly, flushing with plain water monthly, or fertilize every other time you water, flushing with plain water in between. Some orchid growers and many commercial growers use continuous liquid feed. They fertilize with a dilute solution each time they water their orchids. Dilute solutions more frequently seem to be closer to the natural environment in which epiphytic orchids evolved. If you only fertilize once a month, you should apply fertilizer at a higher concentration than if you would if you fertilize more regularly, recognizing that much of the fertilizer will drain through the bottom of the pot.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"ARE YOUR ORCHIDS HEAVY FEEDERS?\nVandas and cymbidiums tend to be heavy feeders, desiring more fertilizer than light feeders such as cattleyas. The drought-enduring orchids grow more slowly than many other plants because they use the CAM photosynthesis pathway. They keep their stomata closed during the day to limit water loss and open them at night to absorb carbon dioxide that is stored until daylight when photosynthesis begins. This adaptation allows them to endure drought, but it requires the expenditure of extra energy, so they grow more slowly than their counterparts that absorb carbon dioxide and photosynthesize concurrently.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW DO YOU CHOOSE A FERTILIZER?\nThe purpose of fertilizer is to supply your plants with the building blocks they need as they harvest energy from the sun to produce new growths and flowers. Some of these building blocks, such as calcium, magnesium and micronutrients, may be naturally present in your water, unless you are using a pure water source like rainwater. Some water-soluble fertilizers contain calcium and magnesium, and others do not, and even those with calcium and magnesium may not have enough. You should select a fertilizer that is best for your water quality. \nIn the St. Augustine area, well water is less than desirable because it contains a high level of dissolved salts, with lots of calcium bicarbonate. This high salt content can also limit the types of orchids that will grow well, which is one of the reasons many growers have switched to using rainwater for their orchids. Table 1 provides some fertilizer suggestions for the water typical in our area.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Table 1. Some suggested fertilizer formulations for various water sources in Florida. If unsure of your water quality, have your water tested..","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4bd5a147-eb6c-44cb-9195-135814e6c682_image-table-1-july-2023.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":892,"height":624},"id":"ZgwviBMAACEAqLLo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HOW DO YOU BALANCE THESE FACTORS?\nYou have to decide how much fertilizer to give your plants. Many of us have mixed collections of orchids and it is impractical to use one fertilization rate for one group and a different rate for another. Instead, select an application rate that is suitable for all your orchids, perhaps ¼ to ½ teaspoon per gallon weekly in summer and â
to ¼ teaspoon per gallon weekly in winter. If you water twice as often in summer as in winter, you will be supplying twice the fertilizer to your plants even before adjusting your application rate.\nEven better is using a dilute fertilizer with every watering, so you can match the nutrient demand to the orchidâs growth rate. Most people make this decision based on the nitrogen content, the first number in the fertilizer formula, although the levels of calcium and magnesium are also important for your plantâs health. For my mixed collection of orchids using reverse osmosis water, I try to provide 60 ppm nitrogen, 50 ppm calcium and 20 ppm magnesium in summer with every watering, and 40 ppm nitrogen, 30 ppm calcium, and 15 ppm magnesium in
998winter. With my RO water, I must add calcium nitrate and magnesium sulfate supplements in addition to fertilizer to get to the desired concentrations.\nYou can also supplement heavy feeders with some time-release fertilizer. Blend in some time-release fertilizer with your potting mix when repotting your catasetums, or top dress your spring blooming phals in the fall to encourage blooming.\nOrchids are efficient scavengers of nutrients. In their natural environment, mineral nutrients are rare, so orchids have evolved to absorb every atom they encounter. Overfertilizing your orchids means you are giving them more fertilizer than they can use efficiently given the amount of light, air and temperatures they are exposed to. If you supply too much fertilizer to your plants, you run the risk of having lush, soft growth that is more easily attacked by pests and diseases. Plants grown with less fertilizer perhaps will not grow as fast, but should be stronger and more resistant to problems.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Table 2. Nitrogen, calcium and magnesium concentrations in ppm as a function of application rate for selected fertilizers.","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/2c7cee37-5d25-41ed-95c4-b830ee5cba75_image-table-2-july-2023.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":886,"height":1118},"id":"ZgwwAxMAACEAqLUK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fertilizer is less important than many other aspects of orchid growing. The legendary Rebecca Northen wrote that beginners should not fertilize at all, they should master the elements of light, temperature, air, and watering first, and only then start fertilizing their orchids. Dave Off of Waldor Orchids, who grows the most immaculate mature cattleyas, says they do not fertilize their orchids except after repotting when they are topdressed with some time-release fertilizer. Start your fertilizer program at a quarter or eighth strength for a growing season, after which you can decide if more or less fertilizer is better under your growing conditions.","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Sue Bottom started growing orchids in Houston in the midâ1990s after her husband Terry built her first greenhouse. They settled into St. Augustine, Florida, Sue with her orchids and Terry with his camera and are active in the St. Augustine Orchid Society, maintaining the Societyâs website and publishing its monthly newsletter. Sue is also a member of the AOS Editorial Board (email: [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":408,"type":"em"},{"start":387,"end":406,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]"}}]}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYOxEAAHoTf-LQ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-july-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:59+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"127b8b34-1fc9-40d7-bbbd-abaf091f5cb6","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Fertilize Weakly Weekly","MetaDescription":"Many orchid books recommend you fertilize weekly, flushing with plain water monthly, or fertilize every other time you water, flushing with plain water in between.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"e98645a4-b901-4d91-a836-a318271331a3","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZgwyFxMAACIAqL49","uid":"growing-draculas","url":"/orchids/articles/growing-draculas","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgwyFxMAACIAqL49%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-03T20:33:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-0
9987-09T14:48:51+0000","slugs":["growing-draculas"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6418e018-066b-4d7c-9661-6dbbc7c7fa6a_image-june20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLktREAACMAZXdU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6418e018-066b-4d7c-9661-6dbbc7c7fa6a_image-june20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLktREAACMAZXdU","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/97a82973-e8e2-4700-853b-66560480ff38_image-june20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLktBEAACUAZXdP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/97a82973-e8e2-4700-853b-66560480ff38_image-june20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLktBEAACUAZXdP","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Growing Draculas","Author":"Wolf Wanninger/photographs by the author â adapted from an article first published in Die Orchidee 2022(1):18â29.","ArticleDate":"2023-06-01","Summary":"Practical Experience\n\nThese small- to medium-sized epiphytes have unusual, somewhat otherworldly flowers, at least in the eyes of Carlyle Luer who established the genus in 1978 and named it after the Latin word for âdragon.â","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Prior to this time, the intriguing species of this genus were included in Masdevallia with about 623 species. Today approximately 134 species found in moist forests are recognized, mostly in western Colombia and Ecuador. Some species have been found in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. In the wild, they thrive in cool, montane cloud forest at elevations of 4,500 to 6,500 feet (1,400â2,000 m).\n\nAll members of the genus Dracula have long, slender tails on their sepals, thus the dragon-like appearance. The apices of the short petals have a warty texture that can give the appearance of two eyes on either side of the nose-like column. Draculas are popular in hobbyist collections and many species and hybrids are now in cultivation.\n\nAll members of the genus Dracula have long, slender tails on their sepals, thus the dragon-like appearance. The apices of the short petals have a warty texture that can give the appearance of two eyes on either side of the nose-like column. Draculas are popular in hobbyist collections and many species and hybrids are now in cultivation.\n\nThis article shares my experiences growing draculas in my artificial environment and not in their natural habitats or in biological, botanical or horticultural studies. Furthermore, it deals with my fundamental cultural experience of this genus accumulated over about 20 years. Currently, over 90 dracula species âliveâ in my small greenhouse. \n\n[1]âThe authorâs growing area.","spans":[{"start":75,"end":87,"type":"em"},{"start":416,"end":423,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/47b3489e-38e0-4682-9cd6-a73e25e403db_image-growingdraculas.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":664},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACAAqKG3","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Draculas are referred to in the vast majority of publications as either âcoldâ or âcool-growingâ plants, as the natural habitats are located primarily in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Those species found in Costa Rica and Nicaragua are found at correspondingly lower elevations.\n\nIn Europe, these plants are usually obtained from nurseries that have been growing them for years in their artificial environments and have further propagated them by division, thus acclimating them to our climates, which decidedly lack cool summers.\n\nEven direct imports by Ecuagenera, the best-known dracula exporter in Ecuador, come from temperate climates. Cuenca, the location of Ecuageneraâs temperate location, is at 8,400 feet (2,550 m) and has temperatures above 86 F (30 C), occasionally over longer periods. This nursery also grows so-called âwarm-growingâ orchids for worldwide distribution. In addition, the natural habitats of many dracula species are below this elevation.\n\n[2] Dracula amaliae","spans":[{"start":984,"end":999,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/998525b1-31b3-426b-bd52-f94e7f95da50_image-growingdraculas1.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":329,"height":460},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACEAqKGn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dracula chestertonii\n","spans":[{"start":4,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9abd64c1-0cab-4bde-8d2d-8f00b4bb4175_image-growingdraculas2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":330,"height":457},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACAAqKGv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"It is also true that they can be grown at a temperature of 47 to 54 F (8â12 C) during the winter months, as I do for energy s
998aving reasons. However, even a few degrees warmer should not be a problem. Difficult to imagine, however, is a winter location in a centrally heated âflower window!â \n\nWhat I am striving to convey here is that for successful culture of draculas, it is not so much the absolute temperature that is important, but the need to ensure constantly high humidity, never falling below 60 percent RH for all but very short periods and, ideally, it should be maintained between 70 and 85 percent. This is usually achieved with frequent spraying of the plants and an absolutely shady location from spring to autumn. It is also recommended to install an ultrasonic fogger, which can be done these days for relatively little money. In the case of greenhouse culture, I would strongly recommend the installation of a small fogging system controlled by a timer, which, if installed yourself, is also an inexpensive and effective project.\n\nFor many years I grew my draculas outdoors in a shady location from summer to late fall, until the summers of 2019 and 2020, when the limits of this practice were reached. During these two summers in the Lower Rhine in Germany, we had temperatures at times up to 104 F (40 C) and weeks of drought. Although I was able to avoid plant losses by frequent fogging with reverse osmosis-purified water, hardly a bud made it to bloom. So, I decided to buy a small greenhouse with a small fogging system and sufficient air circulation. Lo and behold, the flower yield was phenomenal â despite the high temperatures. However, a room with north or eastern exposure where the humidity could be kept sufficiently high would have provided a similar environment.\n\n[4] Dracula antracina","spans":[{"start":1803,"end":1820,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/dd645162-bf2b-4454-9141-32ca406705fb_image-growingdraculas3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":335,"height":347},"id":"ZgwrqBMAAB8AqKGm","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Dracula cordobae","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d61955c5-224e-4917-b244-40a1ba923486_image-growingdraculas4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":427},"id":"ZgwrqBMAAB8AqKGl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Dracula chimaera","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/31959962-568b-4162-8f81-1ff2f067fb5c_image-growingdraculas5.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":333},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACIAqKGo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Dracula cutis-bufonis","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9424d084-4670-4c06-8b43-acb3cd4c3312_image-growingdraculas6.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":388},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACAAqKG7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dracula dodsonii","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0cfbc909-1280-4aa0-9f0d-52916d27f2cf_image-growingdraculas7.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":471},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACEAqKGz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Dracula agnoisia","spans":[{"start":4,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c28a274f-886a-4fc5-b959-4533ca7fc686_image-growingdraculas8.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":229},"id":"ZgwrqBMAAB8AqKGs","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nSUBSTRATE\n First, it needs to be mentioned that I have almost no experience with draculas grown in bark mixtures, although some growers achieve quite good results with such a medium. I have grown my draculas for many years in a 1:1 mixture of New Zealand sphagnum moss and washed coconut chips and I repot annually. I soak the moss and chips overnight in plenty of rainwater, reverse osmosis or distilled water and then dis
998pose of the resulting brown broth.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Draculas have a great advantage over most other orchid genera in that you cannot overwater them. They like to be kept permanently moist to even wet. On the contrary, prolonged drying ends with the loss of the plant. Try to imagine that in their natural habitats as cloud forest inhabitants, for the most part, they grow in constantly wet moss cushions over stones, rocks and on tree trunks and some species are even found as terrestrials. So, we should not be afraid to thoroughly immerse draculas in water, especially","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nWATER\n Draculas need extremely low salt concentrations for healthy growth. When I started to grow more draculas about 20 years ago, I read in a âsmart bookâ that, as a rule of thumb, these orchids should be watered with a salt content of about 80 μS (about 40 ppm total dissolved solids [TDS]) [microsiemens = measuring unit for determining the salt content in liquids], and fertilized with solutions of 120â130 μS (about 60â65 ppm TDS] every three-to-four weeks. I have held to this regimen with great success. Water used for spraying or misting the plants should also have these values. Therefore, I consider the acquisition of a conductance device that measures in μS, from my point of view, indispensable. This is not limited to draculas but will benefit other orchid genera as well, except with different limits â 150 and 450 μS (about 75 and 225 ppm), respectively. A conductivity meter is not only useful for determining the upper limits of water quality but is indispensable for adjusting the conductivity of reverse osmosis water or rainwater, which may have even a lower conductivity depending on atmospheric conditions and how it is collected. A properly working reverse osmosis unit typically puts out water in the range of 30â60 μS (25â30 ppm) depending on the make and age of the membrane (water of even greater purification is possible with the correct configuration but usually an unnecessary expense in terms of hardware costs and rejected water stream), which must be adjusted upward to the desired 80 μS (~ 40 ppm) by the addition of small quantities of fertilizer (preferably chemical-free biofertilizer) so as not to deprive the plants of nutrients. Using tap water requires the opposite adjustment â addition of distilled water to reduce electrical conductivity to the desired 80 μS. As an aside, regular measuring water conductivity of your reverse osmosis system provides the first warning that the membranes are reaching the end of their useful life. As the membranes age, the conductivity of the purified water stream will begin to creep upward signaling the breakthrough of undesirable ions â typically sodium ions, which are toxic to plants under the right conditions.\n\n[10] Dracula aphrodes","spans":[{"start":2204,"end":2220,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/1055625e-e27d-43db-838c-234090be7f68_image-growingdraculas9.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":498},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Dracula vampira","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/f6794d20-6095-4ffb-9ddc-2d86caad0033_image-growingdraculas10.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":306},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Dracula Raven (vampira à roezlii)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":20,"end":27,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e259c835-0208-4e84-a8de-28c0a61ac25b_image-growingdraculas11.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":337,"height":367},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG0","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Dracula astuta","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/b6076908-e402-4913-8bb8-0dbd790752e9_image-growingdraculas12.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":343},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACEAqKG9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Dracula Nightshade (vampira à robledorum)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":12,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ca816bca-a3b4-46ee-877b-3d5e8eab1031_image-growingdraculas13.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":373},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACAAqKGk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Dracula venifica","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/f132226c-c5fd-48bf-9612-8323c7c6804e_image-growingdraculas14.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":337,"height":550},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Dracula roezlii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7b79ee9c-79cf-4581-9963-a1c6216acf37_image-growingdraculas15.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":361},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACIAqKGy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"POTS \nThe vast majority of dracula species and hybrids produce pendent or decumbent inflorescences, which mandates the use of mesh pots or wooden baskets to allow the inflorescences to emerge unimpeded. Personally, I use only plastic mesh pots. Wooden baskets are decorative but not exactly space-saving nor inexpensive. Mounting on porous clay pots that are designed to wick water keeping the root zone constantly moist, cork and woo
998den supports with added moss, and treefern slabs are also popular and decorative variants, although the latter three require continuous attention moisture level.\n\nOf course, draculas can also be cultivated successfully in terrariums and Wardian cases. Because I have no experience with such conditions, I will leave these to people with personal experience. But as I hear often, air circulation is a special problem to prevent fungal damage and bacterial disorders.\n\nIn my greenhouse, I use an exhaust fan that runs at hourly intervals day and night, providing cooling and fresh air. Two-stage fans are useful as they can be set to turn on at higher velocities during hot summer days. During the winter, much of the area of the intake side is covered leaving a gap of around 4 inches (10 cm) to minimize cold drafts.\n\n[17] Dracula carcinopsis","spans":[{"start":1257,"end":1276,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/bbe6e3c6-6588-4a43-96e4-9b17ec8b9215_image-growingdraculas16.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":286},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACEAqKGt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Dracula pileus","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4c20dcd6-4848-426c-9dba-5c3204318a03_image-growingdraculas17.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":343},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACIAqKG2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Dracula erythrycodon\n","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/53086c04-ae7f-4f4f-b818-d54adbef297e_image-growingdraculas18.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":334,"height":352},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG8","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Dracula gorgona\n","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8cddf55b-fa99-425a-a4c3-6d1a9962991d_image-growingdraculas19.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":337},"id":"ZgwrqRMAAB8AqKG4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Dracula sibudoyensis\n","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e8fbb45c-e7a6-4ed4-a69b-0cacb9650b0f_image-growingdraculas20.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":328,"height":334},"id":"ZgwrqBMAAB8AqKGw","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Dracula cochliops","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/584b7629-0cd8-464d-9011-ceb03e35704e_image-growingdraculas21.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":337},"id":"ZgwrqBMAACIAqKGi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Dracula wallisii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ef446a2e-a72a-4b1f-bf48-9e518af3658e_image-growingdraculas22.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":406},"id":"ZgwrqRMAACEAqKHA","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHT Draculas have thin foliage and direct sunlight should be avoided as much as possible, especially during periods of warm weather. Depending on your location, winters can be quite dark in addition to the short days, and draculas will benefit from the addition of supplemental light until about mid-March. The western side of my greenhouse (faces the sun) has painted-on shading compound so that from the beginning of October until middle to end of March, I supplement the natural light using LED daylight fixtures that are turned on an off automatically for over 12 hours a day and during dark, longer rainy periods in the spring and late summer, these can be turned on manually as needed.\n\nThese are fascinating and rewarding plants given a bit of attention to their specialized needs. I hope this article entices some of you to give them a try and wish you the greatest possible success with this wonderful genus.\n\n Acknowledgement\nThank you to Judith Rapacz-Hasler for the introduction and translation from German to English.\n\nFurther reading Luer, C.A. 1993. Icones Pleurothallidinarum X. Systematics of Dracula. Missouri Botanical Garden. https://powo.science.kew.org/dracula https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula_(Orchideen) â Wolf Wanninger, Husarenallee 2, 47803 Krefeld, Germany (email [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYPhEAAI0Tf-Lh","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-june-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:59+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-june-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"79c36ac3-cf7f-4796-b12f-2d11ccc475dd","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}
998],"MetaTitle":"Growing Draculas","MetaDescription":"These small- to medium-sized epiphytes have unusual, somewhat otherworldly flowers, at least in the eyes of Carlyle Luer who established the genus in 1978 and named it after the Latin word for âdragon.â","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"50169a21-fb26-4ed7-a5e7-6abe2b45ffdf","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZgskwBMAACIApBp_","uid":"let-there-be-white","url":"/orchids/articles/let-there-be-white","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgskwBMAACIApBp_%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-01T21:20:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-14T22:20:35+0000","slugs":["let-there-be-white"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/df603d61-aa15-4ec9-b4af-18a70e1b5e80_image-april20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLuSBEAACIAZaGY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/df603d61-aa15-4ec9-b4af-18a70e1b5e80_image-april20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLuSBEAACIAZaGY","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/079b64c4-ff9f-419f-a74e-4fde583c922a_image-april20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLuSBEAACQAZaGT","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/079b64c4-ff9f-419f-a74e-4fde583c922a_image-april20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLuSBEAACQAZaGT","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Let There Be White!","Author":"Leon Glicenstein/Photographs by Leon Glicenstein unless credited otherwise.","ArticleDate":"2023-05-01","Summary":"Glicenstein\nWhen most of us think of habenaria hybrids, we usually think of bright colors â red, orange, gold, yellow, pink (no real blue yet) and combinations of these colors. But there are also some very nice white hybrids that have been made. This article introduces you to a number of white habenaria hybrids, as well as one straight Pecteilis hybrid.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":" Oh, I may be cheating a bit in that a few may have greenish lateral sepals. Also, I do not claim to show all the presently known white hybrids\n\nIn 2017 the hybrid of Habenaria (lindleyana à medusa) was registered as Habenaria Katâs Whiskers. As expected, the side lobes of Hab. medusa were radically reduced in size. The side lobe size reduction is a trait seen when using Hab. lindleyana as a parent. It was named for my cat, Kat; although Kat does have black whiskers. A well-grown plant can be up to 4 feet (1.2 m) tall (including the inflorescence) and have over 40, 1½-inch (3.8 cm) white flowers.","spans":[{"start":167,"end":176,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":188,"type":"em"},{"start":191,"end":197,"type":"em"},{"start":217,"end":226,"type":"em"},{"start":274,"end":285,"type":"em"},{"start":374,"end":389,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Pecteilis Kiat Tan (susannae à hawkesiana). Photograph courtesy of the Singapore Botanic Garden ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":24,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":35,"end":45,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8397b5cc-f0ae-4315-acee-47fbf3066a3c_image-lettherebewhite.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":596,"height":802},"id":"ZgsivRMAACEApBGe","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Chu and Charlotâs hybrid, Habenaria Fornix (medioflexa à crinifera), was registered in 2020. This was one of the first registered hybrids to use these species. The flowers are not very large, but a wellgrown plant can produce a tall, showy inflorescence filled with white fringed-lip flowers. The sepals are green.\n\nChu and Charlot also made the hybrid Habenaria (medioflexa à carnea), which was registered as Habenaria Cerebellum. Although some of the flowers may have a very pale pink cast, most are white. Habenaria carnea reduced the beautiful fringe of the side lobes of the Hab. medioflexa to just a little pinking (as if cut with pinking shears) around the side lobes of the lip; however, the flower has a very full shape, and a natural spread of about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm).\n\nJoel Graham, in 2022, registered the beautiful hybrid Habenaria Memoria Ruth Bader Ginsberg. This is a backcross of Habenaria Pegasus (carnea à medusa) with Hab. medusa. The flower can be about 2 inches (5.1 cm) in natural spread. The best forms have the dark red claw of Hab. medusa. When Graham brought one into the National Capitol Judging Center, the judges described
998it as an elegant Hab. medusa and it received an Award of Merit (AM).","spans":[{"start":26,"end":35,"type":"em"},{"start":44,"end":54,"type":"em"},{"start":57,"end":66,"type":"em"},{"start":353,"end":362,"type":"em"},{"start":364,"end":374,"type":"em"},{"start":377,"end":383,"type":"em"},{"start":410,"end":419,"type":"em"},{"start":509,"end":525,"type":"em"},{"start":836,"end":845,"type":"em"},{"start":898,"end":907,"type":"em"},{"start":917,"end":923,"type":"em"},{"start":926,"end":932,"type":"em"},{"start":939,"end":950,"type":"em"},{"start":1054,"end":1066,"type":"em"},{"start":1171,"end":1182,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Habenaria Katâs Whiskers (lindleyana à medusa) \n[3] Habenaria Fornix (medioflexa à crinifera)","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":40,"type":"em"},{"start":43,"end":49,"type":"em"},{"start":56,"end":65,"type":"em"},{"start":74,"end":84,"type":"em"},{"start":87,"end":96,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7e9d09f0-614e-4ae6-a00d-687f6dc7c2d1_image-lettherebewhite1.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":252},"id":"ZgsivBMAAB8ApBGW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d840770e-e9ab-4c9c-9363-3f075ca9a064_image-lettherebewhite2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":250},"id":"ZgsivBMAAB8ApBGc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A second heavily fringed hybrid was created by Chu and Charlot, and registered in 2020 as Habenaria Arbor Vitae. This is a hybrid of Habenaria (medioflexa à trichosantha) and represents the use of Hab. trichosantha in hybridizing. Both species have compoundedly fringed side lobes, and this comes through in the hybrid, so that the fringes of the side lobes look like egret plumes. The natural spread of the flower is approximately 2 inches (5.1 cm). It too is an elegant flower. \n\nThere are approximately 800â1,000 species of Habenaria found on all the continents of the world, except, for the moment, Antarctica (I wonder what orchid will be the first to grow and flower there as the climate warms). Up to now, to my limited knowledge, there have been no successful hybrids made between the habenarias of the New World and the Asian species. Most of the registered artificially made habenaria hybrids have been between species of Asia or some Pacific Islands (there are a few natural hybrids from other areas). In 2020, Terada and Flachland, from Argentina, registered the hybrid Habenria Iberiá FCA using their native Habenaria gourlieana and Habenaria bractescens. The tall inflorescence produces a multitude of 2-inch (5.1 cm), intensely night-fragrant, white flowers.","spans":[{"start":90,"end":99,"type":"em"},{"start":133,"end":142,"type":"em"},{"start":144,"end":154,"type":"em"},{"start":157,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":197,"end":214,"type":"em"},{"start":527,"end":536,"type":"em"},{"start":1121,"end":1141,"type":"em"},{"start":1146,"end":1167,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Habenaria Cerebellum (medioflexa à carnea) \n[5] Habenaria Memoria Ruth Bader Ginsberg (carnea à medusa) \n[6] Habenaria Arbor Vitae âREOâ AM/AOS (medioflexa à trichosantha). Photograph by Nicholas Rust. \n[7] Habenaria Iberá FCA (gourlieana à bractescens). Photograph by Eduardo Flachland. \n[8] Habenaria Spoleto âREOâs Snowstormâ (carnea f. nivosa à Trogon). Photograph by Nicholas Rust. \n[9] Pectabenaria Wowâs White Fairies (Pecteilis susannae à Habenaria medusa). Photograph by Nam Fook Lee. \n[10] Pectabenaria Perseus (Pecteilis hawkesiana à Habenaria medusa) \n[11] Pectabenaria Little Angel (Habenaria carnea à Pecteilis hawkesiana) ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":26,"end":36,"type":"em"},{"start":39,"end":45,"type":"em"},{"start":52,"end":61,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":97,"type":"em"},{"start":100,"end":106,"type":"em"},{"start":113,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":149,"end":159,"type":"em"},{"start":162,"end":174,"type":"em"},{"start":211,"end":220,"type":"em"},{"start":232,"end":242,"type":"em"},{"start":245,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":297,"end":306,"type":"em"},{"start":334,"end":340,"type":"em"},{"start":344,"end":350,"type":"em"},{"start":396,"end":408,"type":"em"},{"start":430,"end":448,"type":"em"},{"start":451,"end":467,"type":"em"},{"start":504,"end":516,"type":"em"},{"start":526,"end":547,"type":"em"},{"start":550,"end":566,"type":"em"},{"start":574,"end":586,"type":"em"},{"start":601,"end":617,"type":"em"},{"start":620,"end":640,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/dd40da3d-e67f-4c08-8421-6107f9bd3bf4_image-lettherebewhite3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":603,"height":807},"id":"ZgsivRMAAB8ApBGh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"I am not sure whether to include Habenaria Spoleto, made by Nicholas Rust of RustyExotics Orchids, because, unlike the previously described hybrids that have mainly white flowers, most of the seedlings from this cross have colored flowers; however, one clone is a brilliant white. The cross is Hab. (carnea f. nivosa à Trogon). The Habenaria Trogon (Tracy à Oriole) used had an orange lip, and most of the progeny had orange or yellow lips. Rust registered the hybrid in 2022 and the white clone is Hab. Spoleto âREOâs Snowstormâ. I hope he will be able to propagate this clone so we can all get one.","spans":[{"start":33,"end":42,"type":"em"},{"start":294,"end":297,"type":"em"},{"start":300,"end":306,"type":"em"},{"start":310,"end":316,"type":"em"},{"start":332,"end":341,"type":"em"},{"start":499,"end":502,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Pectabenaria Ptarmigan (Pecteilis Snow Bird à Habenaria medusa) produced flowers with variable lip fringe, varying from those with virtually n
998o fringe to very fringed (inset)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":29,"end":38,"type":"em"},{"start":51,"end":67,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c1ae2912-ecb7-45f8-af81-236c65985f0a_image-lettherebewhite4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":325},"id":"ZgsivBMAAB8ApBGX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Currently, most white habenaria hybrids are actually hybrids with Pecteilis, and are called Pectabenaria hybrids.\n\nIn 2008, Nam Fook Lee, of Southeastern Asia, registered his hybrid of Pecteilis susannae à Hab. medusa as Pectabenaria Wowâs White Fairies. Having heavily fringed side lobes, the white flowers are often over 2 inches (5.1 cm) in natural spread and can be carried on a 3-foot (0.9 m) inflorescence. This was the first use of Hab. medusa in hybridizing.\n\nIn 2011, using the much shorter and fringeless Pecteilis hawkesiana, instead of the tall and fringed Pec. susannae, again with Hab. medusa, produced Pectabenaria Perseus. It was named for Perseus of Greek mythology, who slew the Gorgon, Medusa, because most of the Hab. medusa fringe was greatly reduced to short fringes, that is, killed off. The flower has a natural spread of about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), and there can be more than 25 flowers on the over 2-foot (60 cm) inflorescence.\n\nThe cross of Hab. carnea à Pec. hawkesiana was registered in 2011 as Pectabenaria Little Angel. When this was made, it used the typical pink Hab. carnea and the progeny were light pink. Then in 2019, the cross was remade using Hab. carnea f. nivosa, the white form of Hab. carnea. Although there may have been a few plants that turned out to have extremely light pink flowers, most of the progeny had bright white flowers. The natural spread of the flower is about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm). The flowers last a long time on the inflorescence.\n\nPectabenaria Oberon, named for the legendary fairy king, is a hybrid of Pec. hawkesiana à Pec. Wowâs White Fairies registered in 2018. The natural spread of the flower is approximately 1.5 inches (3.8 cm). When the flower first opens, the lateral sepals are light green, then change to almost white over a few days.\n\nPectabenaria Snow Bird (Hab. lindleyana à Pec. hawkesiana) was registered in 2018. The white flowers are usually crowded on the inflorescence, like the Pecteilis parent, although a few are spread out and have a more pleasing appearance. A few clones have a little yellow at the base of the lip. None had a pure yellow lip like Pec. hawskiana does. It does pass the wide, flat, barely reflexed sepals to its progeny.\n\nIn 2022 Pec. Snow Bird à Hab. medusa was registered as Pectabenaria Ptarmigan. The side lobes of the lips of the progeny were extremely variable, some with barely a fringe and others with a full fringe; however all the flowers were white, like a Ptarmigan in winter\n\nBecause there was an Oberon, he should have his queen; therefore, the hybrid Pectabenaria (Snow Bird à Wowâs White Fairies) was registered in 2022 as Pectabenaria Titania, the fairy queen as first described in William Shakespeareâs A Midsummer Nightâs Dream. The white flowers are fairly flat with a pinking-like fringe on the side lobes of the lip. The natural spread of the flower is about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm).","spans":[{"start":66,"end":75,"type":"em"},{"start":92,"end":104,"type":"em"},{"start":185,"end":204,"type":"em"},{"start":206,"end":217,"type":"em"},{"start":221,"end":233,"type":"em"},{"start":439,"end":450,"type":"em"},{"start":515,"end":535,"type":"em"},{"start":569,"end":582,"type":"em"},{"start":595,"end":606,"type":"em"},{"start":617,"end":629,"type":"em"},{"start":733,"end":744,"type":"em"},{"start":967,"end":978,"type":"em"},{"start":981,"end":996,"type":"em"},{"start":1023,"end":1035,"type":"em"},{"start":1095,"end":1106,"type":"em"},{"start":1492,"end":1504,"type":"em"},{"start":1564,"end":1579,"type":"em"},{"start":1582,"end":1586,"type":"em"},{"start":1809,"end":1821,"type":"em"},{"start":1833,"end":1848,"type":"em"},{"start":1851,"end":1866,"type":"em"},{"start":1961,"end":1970,"type":"em"},{"start":2136,"end":2150,"type":"em"},{"start":2234,"end":2237,"type":"em"},{"start":2251,"end":2262,"type":"em"},{"start":2281,"end":2293,"type":"em"},{"start":2570,"end":2582,"type":"em"},{"start":2643,"end":2655,"type":"em"},{"start":2725,"end":2750,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Pectabenaria Titania (Snow Bird à Wowâs White Fairies) \n[14] Pectabenaria White Jade (Habenaria carnea f. nivosa à Perseus) \n[15] Pectabenaria Hippocampe (Perseus à Habenaria crinifera). Photograph by Nicholas Rust. \n[16] Pectabenaria Kat Hawk (Habenaria Katâs Whiskers à Pecteilis hawkesiana)\n[17] Pectabenaria Snowy Egret (Perseus à Wowâs White Fairies)\n[18] Pectabenaria Angelitas (Pecteilis hawksiana à Habenaria crinifera) \n[19] Pectabenaria Oberon (Pecteilis hawkesiana à Wowâs White Fairies) \n[20] Pectabenaria Snow Bird (Habenaria lindleyana à Pecteilis hawkesiana) ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":78,"type":"em"},{"start":91,"end":107,"type":"em"},{"start":111,"end":117,"type":"em"},{"start":135,"end":147,"type":"em"},{"start":170,"end":189,"type":"em"},{"start":227,"end":239,"type":"em"},{"start":250,"end":259,"type":"em"},{"start":277,"end":297,"type":"em"},{"start":304,"end":316,"type":"em"},{"start":366,"end":378,"type":"em"},{"start":390,"end":409,"type":"em"},{"start":412,"end":431,"type":"em"},{"start":439,"end":451,"type":"em"},{"start":460,"end":480,"type":"em"},{"start":510,"end":522,"type":"em"},{"start":534,"end":554,"type":"em"},{"start":557,"end":577,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c0c6505d-ac07-41c0-a9f1-14f9145bd288_image-lettherebewhite5.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":598,"height":805},"id":"ZgsivRMAACIApBGl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Another Pec. Snow Bird hybrid is Pectabenaria Pyewacket, a hybrid with Pec. Perseus and registered in 2022. The side lobes of the lip are quite variable in this hybrid too, varying from just about no fringing to a slight pinking. The natural spread of the flower is, like many of the others, about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm).\n\nPectabenaria Perseus has produced some nice hybrids and another one is the hybrid with Hab. carnea f. nivosa. This hybrid was registered in 2022 as Pectabenaria White Jade. Pectabenaria Perseus does add a slight fringing to the lip and may reduce the side lobes to adnate extensions of the midlobe.\n\nThen there is Pectabenaria Hippocampe. If you see a habenaria hybrid with a name that is a brain structure, the hybrid was probably made or named by Nicolas Rust. In this case, it was made and named by him. It is a hybrid of Pec. Perseus à Hab. crinifera, registered in 2022. Habinaria crinifera is fairly dominant in its crosses and radically changes the shape of the Pectabenaria parent.","spans":[{"start":8,"end":11,"type":"em"},{"start":33,"end":45,"type":"em"},{"start":71,"end":74,"type":"em"},{"start":320,"end":332,"type":"em"},{"start":407,"end":418,"type":"em"},{"start":422,"end":428,"type":"em"},{"start":468,"end":480,"type":"em"},{"start":493,"end":505,"type":"em"},{"start":634,"end":646,"type":"em"},{"start":845,"end":848,"type":"em"},{"start":860,"end":874,"type":"em"},{"start":896,"end":915,"type":"em"},{"start":989,"end":1001,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Pectabenaria Pyewacket also produced plants with variable lip fringing. The inset photograph is a clone that exhibits no fringing","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9e7a902a-a5d8-4418-baf2-e6c5ca86a6bf_image-lettherebewhite6.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":337,"height":403},"id":"ZgsivBMAAB8ApBGY","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"What do you get when you cross Hab. Katâs Whiskers with Pec. hawkesiana? You get Pectabenaria Kat Hawk, registered in 2022. Like Hab. lindleyana, which drastically reduced the side lobes of Hab. medusa in Hab. Katâs Whiskers, Pec. hawkesiana further reduced the side lobes, so there is barely any fringe. Too bad! It has widespread white sepals, and some clones have a little yellow on the lip. The natural spread of the flower is approximately 1.5 inches (3.8 cm).\n\nThe first white habenaria cross to be registered in 2023 was one Pec. (Perseus à Wowâs White Fairies). It was registered on January 10 as Pectabenaria Snowy Egret. I had hoped that the bud would open on New Yearâs Day, but as the 1969 Rolling Stones song states, âYou canât always get what you want.â Regardless, the cross has given me lots of satisfaction. The nearly 2- inch (5.1 cm) white flowers are fairly flat, and the lip is heavily fringed. It was what I was aim
998ing for. When the plant matures, I expect it to have a lot of showy flowers on a tall inflorescence.\n\nAnother new hybrid is Pectabenaria Angelitas, a hybrid of Pec. hawkesiana à Hab. crinifera. The white flowers have a natural spread of about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), and a much shorter inflorescence than the Hab. crinifera parent. Once again, Hab. crinifera has modified the lip shape of Pec. hawkesiana.\n\nAlthough there are myriad crosses involving habenarias, there is at present still only one pure Pecteilis hybrid, Pecteilis Kiat Tan. It was made at the Singapore Botanic Garden by crossing Pec. susannae and Pec. hawkesiana. The cross was named for their then-director and founder of Gardens by the Bay in Singapore, Kiat Tan, and registered in 2004. If you have not seen the garden in person, or in pictures, it is an amazing place (there are images of it on Google images). Most of the fringe of Pec. susannae has been reduced to pinking, but it is a beautiful white flower and over 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in natural spread. It deserves to be seen more frequently.\n\nThese white habenaria hybrids have been registered with the Royal Horticultural Society and there are a few more out there, and there will likely be many more in the future. Although the colored ones are most common, very pretty, and definitely worth growing, there is an certain elegance and enchantment to the white ones that should give them a place to brighten up your collection.\n\nâ Leon Glicenstein is an international lecturer who speaks to orchid and plant societies. He has grown orchids for more than 59 years and was a breeder of novel orchid hybrids for the former Hoosier Orchid Company, especially in the Gongorinae, Zygopetalinae, Pleurothallidinae, angracoids, jewel and painted-leaf orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":31,"end":34,"type":"em"},{"start":55,"end":71,"type":"em"},{"start":81,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":144,"type":"em"},{"start":190,"end":201,"type":"em"},{"start":205,"end":208,"type":"em"},{"start":226,"end":241,"type":"em"},{"start":532,"end":535,"type":"em"},{"start":605,"end":617,"type":"em"},{"start":1061,"end":1073,"type":"em"},{"start":1097,"end":1112,"type":"em"},{"start":1115,"end":1129,"type":"em"},{"start":1243,"end":1257,"type":"em"},{"start":1278,"end":1292,"type":"em"},{"start":1323,"end":1338,"type":"em"},{"start":1437,"end":1446,"type":"em"},{"start":1455,"end":1464,"type":"em"},{"start":1531,"end":1544,"type":"em"},{"start":1549,"end":1564,"type":"em"},{"start":1839,"end":1852,"type":"em"},{"start":2394,"end":2744,"type":"em"},{"start":2721,"end":2742,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYPxEAAHoTf-Ls","type":"magazine","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-may-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:58+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-may-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"10f28286-5175-405e-84c5-0777c099cfff","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Let There Be White!","MetaDescription":"When most of us think of habenaria hybrids, we usually think of bright colors â red, orange, gold, yellow, pink (no real blue yet) and combinations of these colors. But there are also some very nice white hybrids that have been made.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"692280b3-81a1-4952-b799-edf9985414f3","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zgr-NRMAACAAo2-0","uid":"why-are-they-so-special","url":"/orchids/articles/why-are-they-so-special","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zgr-NRMAACAAo2-0%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-01T21:20:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-0
9987-16T20:21:40+0000","slugs":["why-are-they-so-special"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fdd37425-c3c4-4907-af53-9f07ba6a29b4_image-april20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLnzREAACUAZYUE","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/fdd37425-c3c4-4907-af53-9f07ba6a29b4_image-april20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLnzREAACUAZYUE","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/17574112-814b-41ad-93a7-c85dd1c8ea14_image-april20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLnzREAACUAZYUD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/17574112-814b-41ad-93a7-c85dd1c8ea14_image-april20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLnzREAACUAZYUD","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Why Are They So Special?","Author":"Nile S. Dusdieker","ArticleDate":"2023-04-01","Summary":"2021 American Orchid Society Special Annual Awards\nThe answer to the question posed in the title is simple: the awards pictured here were considered the most outstanding in their respective categories among all AOS awards given in 2021 as determined by the Judging Committee and all the regional Judging Centers.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"The answer to the question posed in the title is simple: the awards pictured here were considered the most outstanding in their respective categories among all AOS awards given in 2021 as determined by the Judging Committee and all the regional Judging Centers. Special commendation is due to our amazing photographers who captured the essence of each plant or exhibit. In writing this summary, I asked the exhibitors what makes this award so special, and have included some of their comments. I also wish to thank the AOS Board of Trustees and the various donors whose support made these awards possible.\n\nThe Ann and Phil Jesup Botanical Trophy is awarded to the grower of the most outstanding orchid species awarded during the previous calendar year. The Butterworth Prize is given to the grower of the orchid plant regarded as the most outstanding example of orchid culture. Both prestigious awards went to KrullSmith Orchid Nursery for Renanthera imschootiana âCrystelleâ FCC/CCE/AOS on April 9, at the Apopka International Orchid Festival, Florida North-Central Judging Center; photographer: Brian Monk. The plant was huge and in pristine condition with over 2,000 flowers residing on its own rolling cart. It received 100 points, the maximum possible, for culture. I bet it has not been repotted in a while!","spans":[{"start":607,"end":646,"type":"strong"},{"start":754,"end":775,"type":"strong"},{"start":941,"end":964,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Renanthera imschootiana âCrystelleâ FCC-CCE/AOS, winner of both the Ann and Phil Jesup Botanical Trophy for the most outstanding species and the Butterworth prize for the most outstanding example of orchid culture. ","spans":[{"start":3,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d3e36dcc-5665-4536-976e-e6104db6f065_image-Whyaretheysospecial.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":688,"height":430},"id":"Zgr34RMAACAAo1Oz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Masatoshi Miyamoto Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding Cattleya Alliance: Cattleya percivaliana âDave Offâ FCC/AOS awarded at Hawaii Center Monthly Judging, Big Island, November 13; exhibitors: Ben Oliveros and Orchid Eros; photographer: Glen Barfield. Ben said, âThis is the result of breeding two outstanding plants with different desirable attributes and getting the best of both. I received t
998wo FCCs and an AM on the same night to this grex.â Eight stunning flowers on four erect inflorescences are special indeed!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Cattleya percivaliana âDave Offâ FCC/ AOS, winner of the Masatoshi Miyamoto Award for the most outstanding Cattleya AllianceS.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c83e2c39-0d8f-4ce4-8eae-9ef483be2875_image-Whyaretheysospecial1.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":685,"height":418},"id":"Zgr34RMAACAAo1Ov","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The W.W. Wilson Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of the Cypripedium Alliance: Phragmipedium Stairway to Heaven âMaxâ AM/CCE/AOS awarded in the Great Plains Center Monthly Judging on March 20; exhibitor: Max C. Thompson; photographer, Bryon K Rinke. Bryon commented, âWhen this plant started to throw out its inflorescences, we were hoping it would make it to judging. It had flowered the year before and was spectacular. The flowers all opened in time for judging and the arrangement was what all photographers hope for!â This plant is so special that it needs to be set on a pedestal! \n","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":106,"end":119,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Phragmipedium Stairway to Heaven âMaxâ CCE/AOS, winner of the W.W. Wilson Award for the most outstanding example of the Cypripedioideae.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ddb225e2-4851-4501-a145-709377dca6c3_image-Whyaretheysospecial2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":511,"height":634},"id":"Zgr34hMAACAAo1O5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Herbert Hager Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of the genus Phalaenopsis: Phalaenopsis Phoenix Firefight âPhoenix Rubyâ FCC/AOS awarded on September 6, at Desert Valley Orchid Society, Outreach, Pacific South Judging Center; exhibitor: Wes Addison; photographer: Eric Goo. Wes commented, âI was able to celebrate this FCC with Eric Goo, the hybridizer (a 30-year plus friend) and the first FCC for one of his crosses. This is the second time in four years that one of Ericâs crosses has garnered this special award and should be an inspiration for small hybridizers.â Wes said he almost gave this plant away; that would not have been a good choice!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":92,"end":104,"type":"em"},{"start":106,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Phalaenopsis Phoenix Firefight âPhoenix Rubyâ FCC/AOS, winner of the Herbert Hager Award for the most outstanding Phalaenopsis. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":130,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a1ff7a82-9a4d-4368-9743-a20346ac16e4_image-Whyaretheysospecial3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":529,"height":616},"id":"Zgr34BMAACEAo1Ot","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Roy T. Fukumura Award is given to the grower of the orchid regarded as the most outstanding example of the genus Vanda and those genera in the subtribe Aeridinae, which hybridize with Vanda: Vanda Noppadol Delight âJulia Elizabethâ AM/AOS awarded on September 25, at the Louisiana Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Eron Borne; photographer: Susan Hathorn. Eron answered my question, âThe pattern of this flower is mesmerizing, and the color is electric pink! What makes it even more special is that it has always bloomed with two or three spikes, making for a striking and spectacular display!â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":117,"end":122,"type":"em"},{"start":188,"end":193,"type":"em"},{"start":195,"end":200,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Vanda Noppadol Delight âJulia Elizabethâ AM/AOS, winner of the Roy T. Fukumura Award for the most outstanding Vanda or other genera in the Aeridinae that hybridize with Vanda.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":9,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":119,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/0a9f26a5-39b5-4ce4-afc3-e2b2ee4c2bc8_Image-whyaretheysospecial4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":683,"height":406},"id":"Zgr34hMAACIAo1O6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The James and Marie Riopelle Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of Miltonia/ Miltoniopsis: Miltoniopsis Morris Chestnut âH171â AM/AOS awarded March 20, at Great Plains Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Max C. Thompson; photographer: Bryon Rinke. Bryon commented, âMiltonias and miltoniopsis are difficult for us to grow in Kansas. We keep them near the wet wall and shaded. These flowers were a real showstopper at judging!â Indeed, the lip markings look like a real waterfall!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":34,"type":"strong"},{"start":117,"end":129,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Miltoniopsis Morris Chestnut âH171â AM/AOS, winner of the James and Marie Riopelle Award for the most outstanding Miltonia or Miltoniopsis. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":126,"type":"em"},{"start":130,"end":142,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/2a4b60c9-76ea-42b0-936e-b35b4154bbd5_image-whyaretheysospecial5.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":681,"height":490},"id":"Zgr34hMAACAAo1O_","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Carlyle A. Luer Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of the Pleurothallid Alliance: Lepanthes guatemalensis âSilasâ CHM/ AOS awarded on October 9 at the Illinois Orchid Society Show,
998Chicago Judging Center; exhibitor: Walter E. Crawford; photographer: Katie Payeur. Walter said, âIâm just an old guy who grows orchids in the Midwest. I started growing orchids in 1976. Shortly thereafter, I found Dr. Carlyle A. Luerâs âGreen Books,â the Icones Pleurothallidinarium, and read as much as I could about these genera. I am fascinated by the beauty, form and color of Lepanthes and am humbled and honored to have a plant that qualified for this award.â Walter can pack more orchids in a small space at shows than anyone I know!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":112,"end":135,"type":"em"},{"start":466,"end":493,"type":"em"},{"start":592,"end":601,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Lepanthes guatemalensis âSilasâ CHM/ AOS, winner of the Carlyle A. Luer Award for the most outstanding example of the Pleurothallid Alliance. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7afa3752-3f26-40dd-8aa1-8218b0266587_image-whyaretheysospecial6.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":331,"height":484},"id":"Zgr34BMAAB8Ao1Or","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Benjamin Kodama Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding Dendrobium Alliance: Dendrobium chrysotoxum âJulie Wertâ AM/CCE/AOS awarded on April 28 at the Florida NorthCentral Judging Center; exhibitor: Cheryl Finke; photographer: Kay Clark. Cheryl said, âI bought the plant in 2010 for $7, it seems to have the right climate, positioning in the pool cage, along with an automated watering system, repotted every few years, and always kept in a ceramic pot. When it is really, really cold, as in freezing here, I do bring the plant into the garage. Now I must use a dolly. It has always been a reliable bloomer. This is my first and only CCE award. Considering I donât really baby it, cool to get a national award!â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":94,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Dendrobium chrysotoxum âJulie Wertâ AM-CCE/AOS, winner of the Benjamin Kodama Award for the most outstanding example of the Dendrobium Alliance. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":128,"end":138,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/68088aa5-b219-4d0a-b796-c734df5fc13b_image-whyaretheysospecial7.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":687,"height":502},"id":"Zgr34RMAACAAo1Ow","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Robert B. Dugger Odontoglossum Award recognizes the best of orchids with the former genus, Odontoglossum, in their background: Oncostele Eye Candy âPenny Candyâ AM/AOS was awarded October 22 at Hawaii Center Monthly Judging, Big Island; exhibitor: Okika Ltd.; photographer: Glen Barfield. âI made Ons. Eye Candy in the early 2000s and have been making hybrids for the pot plant industry since 1995. This hybrid was very fast growing and produced two plants, âPenny Candyâ and âPinkieâ, which I cloned. Both have received Awards of Merit. Iâm delighted that this grex has received this attention,â Aloha, Glen.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":40,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":131,"end":140,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Oncostele Eye Candy âPenny Candyâ AM/AOS, winner of the Robert B. Dugger Award for the best example in the former Odontoglossum and their hybrids. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":118,"end":131,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/dbea638f-07a4-48a6-928b-7571e71a6c11_image-whyaretheysospecial8.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":343,"height":411},"id":"Zgr34RMAACAAo1Oy","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Milton Carpenter Intergeneric Oncidiinae Award is for the most outstanding example of intergeneric hybridizing within the Oncidiinae: Aliceara Sophia Liebman âRustic #1â AM/AOS awarded at Pacific South Monthly Judging on September 11; exhibitor: Howard Liebman, MD; photographer: Arnold Gum. Howard is a well-known âactive grower and long-time hybridizer of odontoglossum and oncidium intergeneric hybrids.â This cross comes from the lineage of Bratonia (Miltassia) Charles M. Fitch and its offspring Aliceara Marfitch, which he and Robert Dugger made at about the same time. Dugger registered it first. The color of this clone seems appropriate for Dr. Leibman, who as a physician specializes in blood diseases.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":50,"type":"strong"},{"start":138,"end":146,"type":"em"},{"start":449,"end":469,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Aliceara Sophia Liebman âRustic #1â AM/AOS, winner of the Milton Carpenter Intergeneric Oncidiinae Award for the most outstanding example of intergeneric hybridizing in Oncidiinae. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/74ce9b22-9d3b-4a42-ba53-556c39b7549a_image-whyaretheysospecial9.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":684,"height":442},"id":"Zgr34BMAACAAo1Os","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Fred Hillerman Award is given to the grower of the orchid plant regarded as the most outstanding example of the Angraecoid Alliance: Angranthes Grandalena âBig Bearâs Ivory Starâ FCC/ AOS awarded January 30 at the Florida West Coast Orchid Society Show (Largo, Florida), Florida North-Central Judging Center; exhibitor: Ryan Kowalczyk; photographer: Wes Newton. This spectacular orchid is a rather uncommon cross between Aeranthes and Angraecum with only 28 hybrids registered. This grex has 10 AOS awards. Ryan commented, âI am a hobby grower, and to have one of my plants recognized as being one of the best is an honor. To make this even more special to me is that this is the second year in a row, and the third time in my many years of growing, that I have been given this recognition ⦠Iâm very humbled and appreciative.â This should give other hobby growers encouragement and hope!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"strong"},{"start":137,"end":147,"type":"em"},{"start":425,"end":434,"type":"em"},{"start":439,"end":448,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Angranthes Grandalena âBig Bearâs Ivory Starâ FCC/AOS, winner of the Fred Hillerman Award for the most outstanding example of the Angraecoid Alliance. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":15,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/86aeb954-82eb-4ebb-b766-b39e20127e98_image-Whyaretheysospecial10.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":349,"height":445},"id":"Zgr34RMAACIAo1Ou","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Ernest Hetherington Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of the genus Cymbidium: Cymbidium Jungle King âRed Roosterâ AM/AOS awarded at West Palm Beach Center Monthly Judging on March 27; exhibitor: Everglades Orchids, photographer: Tom Kuligowski. Nineteen large, deep rose flowers on two upright inflorescences highlighted an amazing crimson and cream lip. I could see these flowers as corsages at prom; does anyone else remember those days?","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"strong"},{"start":98,"end":107,"type":"em"},{"start":109,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Cymbidium Jungle King âRed Roosterâ AM/AOS, winner of the Ernest Hetherington Award for the most outstanding Cymbidium. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":123,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e7f28ffc-8bda-4837-aef5-c069b9db70c2_image-Whyaretheysospecial11.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":468},"id":"Zgr33xMAACIAo1Oc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Benjamin C. Berliner Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of the genera Lycaste, Ida (Sudamerlycaste) or Anguloa: Anguloa eburnea âLisseâ AM/CCM/AOS awarded August 21 at the Great Plains Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Douglas Needham; photographer: Bryon Rinke. âI got âbit by the orchid bugâ as a teenager,â said Douglas, and âI was entranced with the elegance of Anguloa and made it one of my goals to grow. In retirement, I now have the glasshouse conditions to grow this spectacular genus.â As an added benefit, the flowers have a lovely fragrance.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":30,"type":"strong"},{"start":100,"end":107,"type":"em"},{"start":109,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":128,"type":"em"},{"start":133,"end":140,"type":"em"},{"start":142,"end":157,"type":"em"},{"start":397,"end":404,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Anguloa eburnea âLisseâ AM/CCM/AOS, winner of the Benjamin C. Berliner Award for the most outstanding Lycaste, Ida, Anguloa species or hybrid.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":107,"end":114,"type":"em"},{"start":116,"end":119,"type":"em"},{"start":121,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/cd8b5a44-92b7-4dbb-b4df-266cb5f8eb22_image-Whyaretheysospecial12.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":343,"height":504},"id":"Zgr33xMAAB8Ao1Ob","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Bill Thoms Award is given to the most outstanding example of the Bulbophyllinae: Bulbophyllum Tree Frog âCrystelleâ FCC/AOS awarded on August 6 at the International Phalaenopsis Alliance Symposium (Altamonte Springs, Florida); exhibitor: Krull-Smith; photographer: Ramon de los Santos. No, this is not a âmothâ orchid, but it is big enough, at 3.1 inches (8 cm) horizontal spread. The four flowers show vibrant color and may not even smell bad!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":85,"end":97,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Bulbophyllum Tree Frog âCrystelleâ FCC/ AOS, winner of the Bill Thoms Award for the most outstanding Bulbophyllum. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"},{"start":106,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/9960a5bd-4042-4340-90ee-1ef2d7875c39_image-Whyaretheysospecial13.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":693,"height":451},"id":"Zgr33xMAACEAo1Od","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Frank Sr. and Elizabeth Jasen Award is for the most outstanding example of the Stanhopea Alliance: Stanhopea Assidensis âMax \u0026 Bryonâ AM/AOS awarded on August 21 at the Great Plains Center Monthly Judging; exhibitors: Max Thompson and Bryon Rinke; photographer: Bryon Rinke. Bryon mentioned, âThis plant flowered for us for the first time in 2014 and is a shy bloomer. The plant has become quite large but ⦠we keep it around anyway.â Perseverance seems to have paid off!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":39,"type":"strong"},{"start":103,"end":112,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Stanhopea Assidensis âMax \u0026 Bryonâ AM/AOS, winner of the Frank Sr. and Elizabeth Jasen Award for the most outstanding example of the Stanhopinae. ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":14,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ab8c98c4-7532-465f-8549-53b961b1e5a8_image-Whyaretheysospecial14.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":676,"height":486},"id":"Zgr34BMAAB8Ao1Ol","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Mario and Conni Ferrusi Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding example of Masdevallia, Dracula or Dracuvallia: Dracula gorgona (Xanthina) âPride \u0026 Joyâ FCC/AOS, August 27 at Hawaii Center Monthly Judging, Big Island; exhibitors: Ben Oliveros and Orchid Eros; photographer: Glen Barfield. âXanthitic (yellow) Draculas are so alluring, rare, and hard to grow, that this award was a surprise. It is an amazing flower deserving of an FCC and beautifully photographed by Glen Barfield,â said Ben.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":33,"type":"strong"},{"start":92,"end":103,"type":"em"},{"start":105,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":116,"end":127,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":144,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Dracula gorgona (Xanthina) âPride \u0026 Joyâ FCC/AOS, winner of the Mario and Conni Ferrusi Award for the most outstanding Masdevallia, Dracula or Dracuvallia.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":124,"end":135,"type":"em"},{"start":137,"end":144,"type":"em"},{"start":148,"end":159,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/24a9ec07-4382-46ab-b16e-b446ae985e32_image-Whyaretheysospecial15.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":336,"height":454},"id":"Zgr33hMAAB8Ao1OW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Fuchs FamilyAward is given to the most outstanding example of the genus Vanda (intergeneric hybrids are excluded from consideration): Vanda LaVoyce Porter âCrownfoxâ AM/AOS awarded March 21 at East Everglades Orchid Society, Outreach, West Palm Beach Judging Center; exhibitor: R.F. Orchids, Inc.; photographer: Tom Kuligowski. Robert Fuchs says this is one of his attempts to breed unusually colored vandas;
998 this âhybrid is between a rich yellow with red spots and a deep raspberry. One parent, Vanda CrownFox Avocado Honey received an AQ and several AOS awards. We have incorporated this hybrid into our breeding program and produced some outstanding, unusual sunset shades.â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":76,"end":81,"type":"em"},{"start":138,"end":143,"type":"em"},{"start":500,"end":505,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Vanda LaVoyce Porter âCrownfoxâ AM/AOS, winner of the Fuchs Family Award for the most outstanding example of Vanda (intergeneric hybrids are excluded).","spans":[{"start":5,"end":10,"type":"em"},{"start":114,"end":119,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/87e360bd-b595-4481-964f-7e88b030dac8_image-Whyaretheysospecial16.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":688,"height":633},"id":"Zgr33xMAACIAo1Oh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Walter Off Exhibit Award is given to an AOS Show Trophy Award (ST), Silver Certificate (SC), Gold Certificate (GC), or Educational Award (EC) that is recognized as the most outstanding example of these types of awards. American Orchid Society Show Trophy, Oklahoma Orchid Society Show âBewitched by Orchidsâ ST/GC/AOS, October 2, Great Plains Judging Center; exhibitors: Max Thompson and Bryon Rinke; photographer: Bryon K Rinke. This was a beautiful tabletop exhibit measuring 3 feet (91 cm) wide à 8 feet (244 cm) long à 5 feet (152 cm) tall, with 23 plants nicely spaced. âThe exhibit was put together by Bryon Rinke. Max Thompson is the one that sits back and tells him to move the plants to the left or right, up or down, turn it one way or the other, and if the color flow is correct,â relates Bryon. âWe put the exhibit up in about one hour and it paid off!â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Winner of the Walter Off Exhibit Award for the most outstanding Silver Certificate, Gold Certificate or Show Trophy display.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3f2562fd-f984-464c-a468-c2cd74a8c257_image-Whyaretheysospecial17.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":466},"id":"Zgr34BMAACIAo1Om","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Paul and Mary Storm Award is given to the grower of the orchid plant that is regarded as the most outstanding example of a hybrid with at least one former Schomburgkia species in its background (now Myrmecophila and part of Laelia): Myrmecocattleya Marissaâs Aurora âRockin Robinâ AM/AOS on April 24 at the West Palm Beach Center Monthly Judging; exhibitor: Robin Lemke-Fasulo; photographer: Tom Kuligowski. Robin said, âI purchased the winning young orchid roughly five years ago and suspected it was worthy of entering for AOS judging when it first bloomed. Fortunately, the next time it bloomed was just prior to an AOS judging weekend. I was beyond thrilled when it won an AM, my first award ever, and now the recipient of this award, is beyond belief and a dream come true!â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"strong"},{"start":159,"end":171,"type":"em"},{"start":203,"end":215,"type":"em"},{"start":228,"end":234,"type":"em"},{"start":237,"end":252,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Myrmecocattleya Marissaâs Aurora âRockin Robinâ AM/AOS, winner of the Paul and Mary Storm Award for the most outstanding hybrid involving a former schomburgkia.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":152,"end":164,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/71579419-8448-40f4-a7b9-c17f70c6ac4b_image-Whyaretheysospecial18.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":408},"id":"Zgr35BMAACIAo1PI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Martin Motes Orchid Breederâs Award is given to the breeder and exhibitor of the best Award of Quality (AQ) or Award of Distinction (AD). The goal is to encourage hybridizers and growers to exhibit their work and to make more hybrids: Cycnoches cooperi (âOrchid Erosâ AM/AOS à âSebastian Ferrellâ) AQ/AOS presented October 9 at Hawaii Center Monthly Judging, Big Island; exhibitors: Ben Oliveros and Orchid Eros; photographer: Glen Barfield. Ben said, âThis was my third generation of line breeding from a flask of cooperi ⦠they continued to garner awards with each generation, and this one was âmission accomplishedâ â an FCC and the AQ. It gets no better than this for a breeder or exhibitor!â ","spans":[{"start":0,"end":39,"type":"strong"},{"start":239,"end":256,"type":"em"},{"start":519,"end":526,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Winner of the Martin Motes Breederâs Award for the most outstanding Award of Quality or Award of Distinction; Cycnoches cooperi (âOrchid Erosâ AM/AOS à âSebastian Ferrellâ) AQ/AOS. ","spans":[{"start":115,"end":132,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/7140cc2e-d332-4c23-8d62-98ff1b157b6b_image-Whyaretheysospecial19.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":514,"height":504},"id":"Zgr34BMAAB8Ao1Oj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Renée and Marvin Gerber Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding hybrid with Brassavola as a parent: Brassocattleya Hamlynâs Magic âRowanâs Returnâ AM/AOS awarded November 13 at Hawaii Center Monthly Judging, Big Island; exhibitors: Ben Oliveros and Orchid Eros; photographer: Glen Barfield. âI (Ben) did a remake of Bc. Hamlynâs Magic that created this cultivar. Many of the seedlings were well-shaped with good color, but this was by far the best. With flowers that change color as they age, it presented a spectrum of colors on multiple inflorescences.â","spans":[{"start":0,"end":33,"type":"strong"},{"start":93,"end":103,"type":"em"},{"start":117,"end":131,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Brassocattleya Hamlynâs Magic âRowanâs Returnâ AM/AOS, winner of the Reneé and Marvin Gerber Award for the most outstanding hybrid of brassavolas.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/a6157eee-aa29-41f4-bfc2-316971bb6e42_image-Whyaretheysospecial20.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":507,"height":480},"id":"Zgr34BMAACIAo1Ok","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The Merritt W. Huntington Award is given to the grower of the most outstanding flower to have been awarded a First Class Certificate (FCC) during the preceding calendar year: Bulbophyllum claptonense (Flavum) âCrystelleâ CHM/ FCC/AOS awarded on July 24 at the Florida North-Central Judging Center; exhibitor: Krull-Smith; photographer: Wes Newton. This species was originally classified as a taxonomic form of Bulbophylum lobbii. Bulbophyllum claptonense has a large, thickened, yellowâ orange callus in the middle of the lip, as does this plant, which is absent in Bulb. lobbii. The yellow form of this species is not a described taxonomic form. To separate it from the typically colored variants of the species, the word Flavum is added after the species name in parentheses and not italicized. And thus, we come to the end of this yearâs awards. Special flowers, special exhibitors, special photographers, and fun comments. I hope this does indeed answer the question proposed in the title. â Nile S. Dusdieker (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":31,"type":"strong"},{"start":175,"end":199,"type":"em"},{"start":410,"end":428,"type":"em"},{"start":430,"end":454,"type":"em"},{"start":996,"end":1045,"type":"em"},{"start":1021,"end":1044,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Bulbophyllum claptonense (Flavum) âCrystelleâ CHM-FCC/AOS, winner of the Merritt W. Huntington Award for the most outstanding First Class Certificate.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/627fc5c6-eab6-437b-b92c-5ff0ef240d16_image-Whyaretheysospecial21.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":774,"height":1054},"id":"Zgr35xMAACIAo1PX","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYQREAAHYTf-Lz","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-april-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:58+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-21T07:18:37+0000","uid":"orchids-april-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"695dd868-fe22-4529-9ead-c97357bc5abd","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Why Are They So Special?","MetaDescription":"The answer to the question posed in the title is simple: the awards pictured here were considered the most outstanding in their respective categories among all AOS awards given in 2021 as determined by the Judging Committee and all the regional Judging Centers.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"7447a8e0-ac24-4773-ac7c-dbb8ddd34b53","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZgrnExMAACIAowo4","uid":"greatideas","url":"/orchids/articles/greatideas","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgrnExMAACIAowo4%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-01T21:20:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-16T20:34:39+0000","slugs":["greatideas"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4f1b4cf7-0d4b-48e7-bd22-f6dad387fcd3_image-march20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLmLBEAACMAZX3W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/4f1b4cf7-0d4b-48e7-bd22-f6dad387fcd3_image-march20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLmLBEAACMAZX3W","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/26831f52-6ddd-4368-bd63-6be66860f7fd_image-march20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLmLBEAACIAZX3V","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/26831f52-6ddd-4368-bd63-6be66860f7fd_image-march20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLmLBEAACIAZX3V","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"GREATideas","Author":"Jill Blake Smith/photographs by Donna Peplin","ArticleDate":"2023-03-01","Summary":"Most orchid hobbyists have developed innovative methods of potting, hanging and mounting their plants, following the tips and hints of more experienced growers and emulating the real creativity they observe in the exhibits at shows.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Most orchid hobbyists have developed innovative methods of potting, hanging and mounting their plants, following the tips and hints of more experienced growers and emulating the real creativity they observe in the exhibits at shows. Enthusiasts are always looking for new ideas to grow their orchids to maximize blooming, as well as displaying them to elicit oohs and ahhs from friends and other society members. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Scott Peplin is an orchid grower from South Florida who also builds structures for housing orchids that he calls âorchid environments.â He cares for and services collections of local clients and conducts classes at his âOrchid Bar and Grill,â the centerpiece for his stunning orchid collection. A whirlwind of a guy who is always âon,â Scott has a knack for devising new ways to grow his glorious plants. His latest and greatest pet project is the âcork coozieâ and it is proving to be a wildly successful and easy means to get orchids going and growing (www.Orchidenvironments.com/orchidcoozies)!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Cattleya removed from its clay pot and ready for a coozie. ","spans":[{"start":4,"end":12,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/70426567-3578-4f8f-90b1-3e91b5a4c9a9_image-GREATideas.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1029,"height":781},"id":"ZgrkzhMAACEAowAq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Those cork slabs for mounting that are fairly easy to come by are also available at many orchid supply companies in tubes of various lengths and diameters and sold by the pound. The small size with diameters of 3â4 inches (7.6â10.2 cm) are better for air plants. The medium or large-diameter tubes are more suitable for growing orchids. Scott takes one of these tubes, typically about 5â8 inches (12.7â20.3 cm) in diameter for a medium coozie, and saws it into sections about 6â8 inches (15.2â20.3 cm) long, depending on what kind of a plant he will be working with. That is about right for a mini-to-medium cattleya or a Brassavola nodosa.","spans":[{"start":622,"end":639,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Prepared plant is simply slipped into an appropriate size cork tube. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8ef9fb97-2580-479d-9d7f-7c351f64ae54_image-GREATideas2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":411},"id":"ZgrkzRMAACIAowAi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nThen he drills four holes a few inches apart and bends the prongs of a wire hanger into each hole about an inch (about 2.5 cm). If the coozie has a vertical split, he uses a snap tie to secure it.\n\nHe might loosely encase the bare roots of the plant in coconut coir or he just plops it right into the cork container making sure it does not slip through. He secures the plant tag onto the wire and then he is ready to hang it in a spot with conditions conducive to growing that type of orchid. Voila! Orchids grown in cork coozies tend to do better hanging rather than on a bench because the roots seem to thrive with more air movement.\n\nThe coconut husk is entirely optional â bare root is fine too. If you create a coozie while your orchid is in active growth, in a matter of days, the roots will grow and adhere to the interior of the coozie and continue to happily spread all around it. Even though the orchids growing in this type of environment are essentially bare root they may not necessarily require more frequent watering than plants growing in a medium because the cork does retain some moisture. They should be fertilized like other potted or mounted plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] âCooziedâ plant ready for hanging.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/644e90a3-1646-463c-b2e3-391828280955_image-GREATideas3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":337,"height":415},"id":"ZgrkzRMAAB8AowAk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sometimes Scott will be able to get some rather large tubes and he fondly refers to these as âpony kegsâ or âkeggers,â depen
998ding on the size. These are ideal for larger orchids or plants that have simply outgrown their current habitat, and they are constructed using the same method as the smaller coozies. The size of the coozie will depend on the size of the root system of your plant.\n\nOrchids that seem to thrive in cork coozies are cattleyas, Brassavola nodosa and its hybrids, laelias, oncidiums and catasetums. Small dendrobiums will do well in little coozies because they like being tightly packed. The larger ones tend to be too top-heavy for the coozie environment.","spans":[{"start":448,"end":465,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] For plants that are too big for a natural tube, pieces of cork can be assembled and held together with plastic zip ties.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8ac3c17b-64a4-4c48-a365-e9090c99fae3_image-GREATideas4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":337,"height":487},"id":"ZgrkzRMAACAAowAh","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cork bark appeals to orchid growers because it is a natural product, stripped from cork trees at optimal times so as not to damage the trees and allowing new bark to grow in its place. No trees are destroyed and there is no disturbance to flora or fauna.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5â6] âCooziedâ plants take advantage of air movement and light when hung.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/359f1dad-5c27-46ea-b998-fcb968598491_image-GREATideas5.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":333,"height":481},"id":"ZgrkzRMAACAAowAl","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When used as a planter for orchids, there is resistance to mold and fungal growth. Coozies last for many years, they withstand all weather and are a 100 percent sustainable material. Cork coozies are easy to maintain, with no repotting required and they are quite attractive, especially when festooned with moss or viny foliage. What a concept! ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/b03f12ae-a026-42d5-be6a-faf8b3a1491b_image-GREATideas6.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":345,"height":417},"id":"ZgrkzRMAACEAowAj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Jill Smith started her orchid journey in 2005 when she tried to save her fatherin-lawâs collection after he had passed away. To learn more, she joined the Houston Orchid Society and eventually became a board member. An avid orchid hobbyist, she relocated to Fort Lauderdale in 2009 and joined the Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society where she currently serves on their board. Most notably, she started the Keiki Club for new members of the society and she and her cochairs are devoted to helping them discover the joy and beauty in raising orchids (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":2,"end":576,"type":"em"},{"start":552,"end":574,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYQxEAAHoTf-MA","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-march-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:57+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-21T07:18:37+0000","uid":"orchids-march-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"912f5ad6-6f2e-4a6c-b8b5-e345206ec995","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"GREATideas","MetaDescription":"Most orchid hobbyists have developed innovative methods of potting, hanging and mounting their plants, following the tips and hints of more experienced growers and emulating the real creativity they observe in the exhibits at shows.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"d47b6e51-eb38-494b-92d3-b6a5ea0e0f25","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zs2ZDRAAACIAXqze","uid":"orchid-growing-in-a-nutshell","url":"/orchids/articles/orchid-growing-in-a-nutshell","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zs2ZDRAAACIAXqze%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-08-27T15:10:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-08-27T15:10:18+0000","slugs":["orchid-growing-in-a-nutshell"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Orchid Growing in a Nutshell","Author":"Ray Barkalow","ArticleDate":"2023-03-01","Summary":"A great many folks will give out advice about orchid growing, but they tend to tell you what to do, rather than explaining why you should â this is information that will help your understanding of the hobby.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"A great many folks will give out advice about orchid growing, but they tend to tell you what to do, rather than explaining why you should â this is information that will help your understanding of the hobby. This document seeks to be a basic primer to help you grow your orchid better and more easily.","spans":[{"start":88,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":123,"end":127,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchids are the âGoldilocksâ of the plant world, with each type having its own set of âjust rightâ cultural conditions. Plants within a single genus often have similar requirements, but not always. There are some variations within the commonly grown genus, Phalaenopsis, for example. A few of the species, such as bellina and venosa, like it hot, approaching triple digits Fahrenheit (37.8 C) and never getting cooler than about 75 F (23 C), whereas others, such as wilsonii and honghenensis, originate in locations that can reach freezing (32 F [0 C]) and rarely see temperatures above 75 F (23 C).","spans":[{"start":257,"end":269,"type":"em"},{"start":314,"end":322,"type":"em"},{"start":326,"end":332,"type":"em"},{"start":466,"end":475,"type":"em"},{"start":479,"end":491,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Orchids are not particularly difficult to grow, but to be successful, one must understand exactly what the plant needs, so that those cultural parameters may be met. In the case of hybrids, it is usually acceptable to âaverageâ the requirements of the species in their backgrounds.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Feeding and watering often confuse growers, but can be greatly simplified. Fertilizer is one of the least important aspects of orchid culture. For any plant, to add a pound (454 g) of mass â a few weeks for corn (maize) in the middle of summer, several years for a phalaenopsis, or a lifetime for a tiny pleurothallid â it only needs to consume and process about 5 g â about a teaspoon (5 ml) â of fertilizer, most of that being nitrogen. So, pick one with a complete formula and use it sparingly and regularly. In my 50+ years of orchid growing, I have found that applying a solution containing 75â125 ppm nitrogen per week is a great level to sustain growth and blooming. Fortunately, there is an easy way to estimate that: Simply divide 8 by the % N in the formula; the result is teaspoons/gallon for the middle of that range, giving you room to round up or down for measuring convenience. If you prefer metric measures, change the numerator to 9.2 to get the results in milliliters/liter.","spans":[{"start":100,"end":106,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For example, a 30â10â10 fertilizer would require 8/30 = 0.2667, so 1â4 teaspoon per gallon is fine for weekly application. If you feed every two weeks, double that numerator to 16 (or 18.4 for metric measures). (Think of âppm Nâ as being the plant equivalent of our dietary âcaloriesâ â fewer âmealsâ requires more âcaloriesâ per meal.)","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Water is the true driving force for growth. To gain that same l lb of mass, in addition to the teaspoon of fertilizer, the plant must absorb and process about 25 gallons (95 L) or 200 lb (90.9 kg) of water. Plus, as plants can lose as much as 95% of their absorbed water through transpiration, that means the total water demand is more on the order of 500 gallons (1,900 L)!","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Good roots mean good plants, but how to care for them can be confusing, as there seem to be as many options as there are growers. Let us start by dis
998pelling a few myths:","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"o-list-item","text":"Water does not cause root rot.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"o-list-item","text":"Orchids do not need to dry out between waterings.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"o-list-item","text":"There is no single potting medium that is perfect for any plant in any environment.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"o-list-item","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Unlike terrestrial plants that do almost all their respiratory gas exchange processes through their leaves, orchids have evolved, presumably as a water retention strategy, to do much of that through their roots. That means we must be careful to provide the roots with plenty of air in addition to water, and that is where the choice of potting medium comes into play.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"For the most part, orchids get no nutrition from the potting medium. Instead, it provides the plants with mechanical stability and acts as a temporary storage of water and nutrients. Let us look at what is going on in the pot when we water.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"When we water an orchid, most of the solution just pours right through. Some is immediately absorbed by the plant and the potting medium, but it is a third fraction of that solution that is important to consider â that held in the voids between the particles of the potting mix.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If the voids in the mix are small, because the mix is too tightly packed and becomes more and more dense as itages,oriftoofineamixisusedinthe first place, then the surface tension will be strong enough to fill them, preventing free airflow around the roots, leading to their suffocation and death. It is not the water that kills roots, it is the lousy potting medium! If you let that medium dry, those pathways reopen, which is probably where the myth that âorchids must dry out between wateringâ originated. If, on the other hand, the potting mix used is sufficiently coarse, gravity overwhelms the surface tension, and the larger void spaces drain, allowing the root system to âbreatheâ and stay healthy. THAT is where we must make a judgement call and do a bit of experimentation.","spans":[{"start":707,"end":712,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A coarse mix provides plenty of air, but holds less water and dries out rapidly, so requires frequent watering. A finer mix holds more water so can be watered less frequently, but poses a potential root suffocation risk. Plus, you need to consider how the rest of your growing conditions affect that. High humidity slows evaporation, whereas higher temperatures, light levels and air movement accelerate it. Your number 1 task as a grower, is to find that âjust rightâ balance to keep Goldilocks happy.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"That can be accomplished by selecting an inâbetween grade of potting mix ingredients, by mixing a small amount of a high waterâholding ingredient in with a coarser mix (bits of sphagnum in a coarser bark is often seen), or by using a plastic pot with only bottom drainage, rather than a highly perforated, or clay container.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Think about what the plant needs, then think about how all the factors above play a role in achieving that, and put a personal preference layer on top â do you like to fuss over your plants, or do you prefer to admire from afar? What does your schedule permit?","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A word about changing potting media. At some point, you are going to have to repot the plant, whether that is because the container and medium it is in when you get it is inappropriate for your situation, the plant may have outgrown the current container, or because the potting mix has aged and is decomposing. understand the following about roots: As roots grow, they tailor themselves on a cellular level to function optimally in their environment, and once they have grown, they cannot change. If you move the plant into a different potting medium, you change the root environment and have immediately rendered the existing roots suboptimal, and they will begin to fail. How rapidly that happens is controlled by the extent of the differences between the old and new media. Therefore, the best time to repot is just as new roots are emerging from the base of the plant. The old roots will fade away, but the new ones will take over and support the plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Once you have settled on the âjust rightâ container and potting mix for a plant, the best strategy is to replace that mix with the same material before the original mix has aged significantly. That way, the old and new conditions will be similar, and the plant will experience little to no repotting stress.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Ray Barkalow has been growing orchids for over 50 years. He has retired from a career in the ceramic and chemical industries and now lives in North Carolina, where he continues to operate firstrays. com. He may be contacted at [email protected].","spans":[{"start":2,"end":251,"type":"em"},{"start":229,"end":250,"type":"hyperlink","data":{"link_type":"Web","url":"mailto:[email protected]","target":"_blank"}}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zsxs9BEAACYAuSGQ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-september-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-08-27T08:22:41+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-28T14:03:24+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"326a4d45-d479-446a-a2a0-fd2e3809fb92","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Orchid Growing in a Nutshell","MetaDescription":"A great many folks will give out advice about orchid growing, but they tend to tell you what to do, rather than explaining why you should â this is information that will help your understanding of the hobby.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"777ec3d8-cb40-4394-bc20-c2dc0c94ec75","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zs7utxIAACEAQEUI","uid":"dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-3","url":"/orchids/articles/dendrobium-and-its-relatives-part-3","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zs7utxIAACEAQEUI%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-08-29T11:11:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-08-29T14:51:23+0000","slugs":["dendrobium-and-its-relativespart-3-dendrobium-section-calcarifera"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq_v093n09coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZsxtF0aF0TcGJZHq","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Dendrobium and its Relatives\nPart 3: Dendrobium section Calcarifera","Author":"Jim Cootes / Photographs by Jim Cootes unless otherwise credited","ArticleDate":"2023-03-01","Summary":"The section Calcarifera has over 90 species. The center of distribution is in Sumatra, with significant numbers of species from peninsular Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines. These are mostly plants of humid tropical forests, which experience yearâround rainfall and are found at low to moderate altitudes.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Members of the genus Dendrobium are some of the most popular of all horticultural subjects. Many of the species are easy to grow, either in pots or on mounts. Plants can come in all sizes from as small as a grain of wheat (such as Dendrobium lichenastrum) to monster plants of several yards (m) in length (such as Dendrobium discolor or Dendrobium violaceoflavens).\n\nThe subjects for this article are, for the most part, of modest dimensions, and the only species that can get large is Dendrobium fairchildiae, where the pseudobulbs can get to about 5 feet (1.5 m) in length. All other species mentioned here would seldom be more than 2.5 feet (76 cm) in height or length.\n\nJohannes J. Smith established the section Calcarifera in 1908, which he had separated from section Pedilonum. The main characters that distinguish the section are: the labellum is abruptly broadened from a narrow claw, while the mentum points away from the pedicel and ovary (suggesting pollination by insects). In most members, the pseudobulbs are slim or spindleâshaped and are often pendulous with thinâtextured leaves along the stem, which become deciduous after a year or two. The inflorescence usually appears from the older leafless pseudobulbs with the flowers encircling the inflorescence and facing more or less horizontally.","spans":[{"start":21,"end":32,"type":"em"},{"start":231,"end":254,"type":"em"},{"start":314,"end":334,"type":"em"},{"start":337,"end":363,"type":"em"},{"start":486,"end":509,"type":"em"},{"start":716,"end":728,"type":"em"},{"start":773,"end":782,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The section Calcarifera has over 90 species. The center of distribution is in Sumatra, which has about 29 species; next is Borneo with 22 species; then the Philippines with at least 20 species, but I am aware of a further three new species waiting to be scientifically described; and Peninsula Malaysia with 17 species. These are mostly plants of humid tropical forests, which experience yearâround rainfall and are found at low to moderate altitudes (sea level to above 5,000 feet [1524 m]).","spans":[{"start":12,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A SELECTION OF SPECIES","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium arcuatum This species was named by Johannes J. Smith in 1905 in Die Orchideen von Java (The Orchids of Java). The specific epithet means bent or bowâshaped and possibly refers to the shape of the mentum (spur). The plant can reach lengths of over 3 feet (0.9 m) by about oneâquarter of an inch (0.6 cm) in diameter. The flowers are about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. Each inflorescence can have up to six blooms. This species appears to be endemic to the Indonesian island of Java, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of around 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":75,"end":98,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Dendrobium arcuatum âMyraâ CBR/AOS grown by Jordan Hawley. photograph from the AOS award archives.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs7vX0aF0TcGJdTp_image-dendrobium-1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1032,"height":1406},"id":"Zs7vX0aF0TcGJdTp","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"2] Another example of Den. arcuatum.","spans":[{"start":22,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs7vb0aF0TcGJdTv_image-dendrobium-2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1174,"height":922},"id":"Zs7vb0aF0TcGJdTv","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium boosii Jim Cootes and Wally Suarez named this species in 2011 in the Australian Orchid Review. The specific epithet honors a colleague of the two authors. The plant grows pendulously from a single basal growth, branching as the plant becomes older and can reach up to 2 feet (0.6 m) in length. The blooms are most attractive in their coloration in shades ranging from pale pink to pure white. The serrated edge of the colorful labellum is another attractive feature of this species. This recently discovered species has a limited distribution in the mountains of the island of Leyte in the central Philippine archipelago, and it has recently been found in the mountains of northern Mindanao. This particular form has a slightly different c
998oloration to the form found on Leyte. It grows at elevations of around 2,000 feet (610 m) as an epiphyte.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":80,"end":104,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dendrobium boosii.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs7vcEaF0TcGJdTx_image-dendrobium-3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":1254},"id":"Zs7vcEaF0TcGJdTx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4â5] Additional examples of Den. boosii grown and photographed by Ronny Boos.","spans":[{"start":29,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8WHUaF0TcGJd3T_image-dendrobium-4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":594},"id":"Zs8WHUaF0TcGJd3T","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8WHkaF0TcGJd3U_image-dendrobium-5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":594},"id":"Zs8WHkaF0TcGJd3U","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium calicopis Henry Ridley named this species in 1903 in the Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Singapore. The specific epithet is from the Greek kalos meaning beautiful and the Greek opis meaning sight, so one would assume it means a âbeautiful sightâ. The stems are about 1 foot (30.5 cm) in length. Three or four flowers, each about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, appear on a short inflorescence. Blooms are white with a rosy tint. This species is known from Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Langkawi Islands, where it grows at elevations from sea level to 3,000 feet (915 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":68,"end":137,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":184,"type":"em"},{"start":216,"end":221,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Den. calicopis grown by the Australian national herbarium. photograph by Ron Parsons.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8Wa0aF0TcGJd3c_image-dendrobium-6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1174,"height":876},"id":"Zs8Wa0aF0TcGJd3c","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium ceraula Heinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1876 in Linnaea. The specific epithet refers to the circle formed by the mentum, as ceraula means trumpeter or hornâblower. This species is also known as Dendrobium gonzalesii Quisumbing, but the latter epithet cannot be used, due to the rules of botanical priority meaning that the oldest validly published name has priority. The pendulous pseudobulbs measure up to 1.0 foot (30.5 cm) in length, and new growths will appear from the middle of the stems as well as from the base of the plant. The color range of the blooms is highly variable ranging from white to pink, to pale blue, with deep purple stripes on the labellum. The mentum is tapering and curves around towards the dorsal sepal. This species is endemic to the mountain forests of southern Luzon, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 3,000 feet (915 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":73,"end":80,"type":"em"},{"start":149,"end":157,"type":"em"},{"start":219,"end":241,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7â11] Various clones of Dendrobium ceraula.","spans":[{"start":25,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8X9EaF0TcGJd4W_image-dendrobium-7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":908},"id":"Zs8X9EaF0TcGJd4W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8X9UaF0TcGJd4X_image-dendrobium-8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":632},"id":"Zs8X9UaF0TcGJd4X","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8X9UaF0TcGJd4Y_image-dendrobium-9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":626},"id":"Zs8X9UaF0TcGJd4Y","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8X9kaF0TcGJd4Z_image-dendrobium-10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":854,"height":634},"id":"Zs8X9kaF0TcGJd4Z","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8X90aF0TcGJd4a_image-dendrobium-11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":634},"id":"Zs8X90aF0TcGJd4a","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium cerinum Heinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1879 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the waxy appearance of the flowers. This plant is one of the few uprightâgrowing species in the section. The attractive blooms have a waxy appearance with bright, yellowâcolored segments and pale purple and green markings in the spur. Some clones have tw
998o red blotches on the labellum. This beautiful species is endemic to the Philippines, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":77,"end":97,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Den. cerinum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8YekaF0TcGJd4v_image-dendrobium-12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1764,"height":1324},"id":"Zs8YekaF0TcGJd4v","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium chameleon Oakes Ames named this plant in 1908 in Fascicle II of his Studies in the Family Orchidaceae. The specific epithet is from the Greek chamaileon, referring to the lizard that can change its color, which alludes to the color variation of the flowers. This plant is a pendulous grower and it branches frequently. In the mountains of central Luzon, this species can be found growing close to the ground in fairly shaded locations. The white or pale yellow flowers are variously striped with either green, pink or reddish markings. There are also pureâwhite forms of this species. Plants of Den. chameleon occur in the Philippines but have also been recorded in southern Taiwan. The plants grow at elevations between 3,000â6,000 feet (915â1829 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":79,"end":112,"type":"em"},{"start":153,"end":163,"type":"em"},{"start":606,"end":621,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Den. chameleon","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8YyUaF0TcGJd46_image-dendrobium-13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":952},"id":"Zs8YyUaF0TcGJd46","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium chewiorum Jeffrey J. Wood \u0026 Anthony Lamb named this species in 2008 in the Malesian Orchid Journal. The epithet honors Steven and Phillip Chew who were the growers of the type specimen. Stems reach 18 inches (45.7 cm) in length. Inflorescences are to two inches (5.1 cm) long bearing up to four flowers about 1.37 inches (3.5 cm) in diameter by 1.67 inch (4.2 cm) long. This species is only known from Sabah in Borneo, where it grows at elevations of about 1,000 feet (2,540 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":86,"end":109,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Dendrobium chewiorum grown by C. Wong and photographed by Ron Parsons.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8Y_0aF0TcGJd5O_image-dendrobium-14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1036,"height":1408},"id":"Zs8Y_0aF0TcGJd5O","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium crassimarginatum Louis O. Williams named this species in 1937 in the Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University. The specific epithet refers to the thickened margins of the labellum. The flowers are highly fragrant and quite large for this section, being about two inches (5.1) across at the widest point. This species is known only from Leyte on the central Philippine archipelago where it grows on the underside of branches in among mosses at elevations of about 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":80,"end":125,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Dendrobium crassimarginatum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":32,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8ZUEaF0TcGJd5k_image-dendrobium-15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1182,"height":804},"id":"Zs8ZUEaF0TcGJd5k","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium crocatum Joseph D. Hooker first described this species in 1890 in the Flora of British India. The specific epithet refers to the coloration of the flowers. Stems are long and thin, to 2.0 feet (61 cm) long and can be purple to maroon in color. Inflorescences are about 2.0 inches (5.1 cm) long bearing up to eight flowers about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in width by 2.0 inches (5.1 cm) in length. This species is only known from southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia where it grows in the lowlands, often close to rivers.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":81,"end":103,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] Dendrobium crocatum","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":4,"end":5,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8ZiEaF0TcGJd5o_image-dendrobium-16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1178,"height":1034},"id":"Zs8ZiEaF0TcGJd5o","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium cumulatum John Lindley described this species in 1855 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the crowded pseudobulbs. The plant reaches 2.0 feet (61 cm) in length. Inflorescences bear up to six flowers about 1.5 (3.8 cm) inches in diameter. This species has been recorded from India, Myanmar, Indochina, and Thailand, where it grows at elevations to 3,000 feet (914 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":72,"end":92,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium derryi Henry Ridley named this species in 1907 in Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. The specific epithet honors a Mr. Derry, collector of the type specimens. Plants can reach 3.0 feet 91 cm) in length. Inflorescences are short and can bear up to six blooms, but usually, it is two to three flowers. The plants have been recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo, where it grows at elevations of 1,000â6,000 feet (304â1,829 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":18,"type":"strong"},{"start":61,"end":107,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Dendrobium derryi","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8fI0aF0TcGJd-I_image-dendrobium-17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":852},"id":"Zs8fI0aF0TcGJd-I","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium diffusum Louis O. Williams named this species in 1937 in the Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard university. The specific epithet refers to the widely spreading growth habit of the stems. The plant grows to 2.0 feet (61 cm) long. The inflorescence bears one or tw
998o blooms about 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. This species is endemic to the Philippines where it is known to occur on the island of Mindoro, as well as northern Mindanao. It grows as an epiphyte at around 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":72,"end":117,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Den. diffusum grown and photographed by Derek Cabactulan.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8faUaF0TcGJd-X_image-dendrobium-18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":844},"id":"Zs8faUaF0TcGJd-X","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium fairchildiae Described by Ames \u0026 Quisumbing, this plant is an outstanding and large species, which can be observed growing on rocks in the mountains of central Luzon. However, its usual habitat is on the trunks of trees. The large flowers (1.75 inch [4.4 cm] in diameter) are mostly white with the tips of the segments being pale pink or purplish. An albinistic form of this species has also been described with pureâwhite flowers with some yellow in the base of the labellum. A prominent feature is the long spur, which is about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) long, with the final 0.38 inch (1.0 cm) being bent towards the plant. It is only recorded from the mountains of central Luzon and the island of Catanduanes, which is to the east of southern Luzon.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":24,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Dendrobium fairchildiae","spans":[{"start":5,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8fsUaF0TcGJd_U_image-dendrobium-19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":848},"id":"Zs8fsUaF0TcGJd_U","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Dendrobium fairchildiae f. album grown and photographed by March Lomongo.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":31,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8fskaF0TcGJd_W_image-dendrobium-20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":844},"id":"Zs8fskaF0TcGJd_W","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium guerreroi Oakes Ames and Eduardo Quisumbing first named this species in 1932 in the Philippine Journal of Science. The specific epithet honors Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero, is a specialist in the medicinal plants of the Philippines. I have only seen a few plants of this rare species. Plants reach a length of 18 inches (46 cm). Inflorescences carry up to 15 flowers, about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. This species is endemic to the Philippines where it has been recorded from the island of Mindoro, the island of Dinagat to the north of Mindanao, and several northern provinces of Mindanao. It grows epiphytically at elevations of about 1,600 feet (488 m). The distribution records suggest that it is widely distributed, which raises the possibility of past misidentifications. In any case, little is known about this delightful species.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":21,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":124,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Dendrobium guerreroi","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/Zs8f_EaF0TcGJd_2_image-dendrobium-21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1180,"height":1254},"id":"Zs8f_EaF0TcGJd_2","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Dendrobium cumulatum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBNsUaF0TcGJggC_image-dendrobium-22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1172,"height":904},"id":"ZtBNsUaF0TcGJggC","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium ionopus Heinrich G. Reichenbach named this species in 1882 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the purpl
998ish stripes on the leaves and their sheaths. This plant is a mediumâsized species with a semiâ pendulous habit and the stems reach a length of 2.0 feet (61 cm). Numerous inflorescences can be produced carrying up to twenty flowers each. The blooms are about 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) in diameter. The flower color is highly variable: flowers can be bronze in color, others are pure green, and, recently, a white form has been found in the islands of the central Philippines. This species is endemic to the Philippines and has been found in a number of the provinces of Luzon and the islands of the central archipelago. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 5,000 feet (1524 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":77,"end":97,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] A white form of Den. ionopus grown and photographed by Raven Schneider. ","spans":[{"start":21,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBN70aF0TcGJggJ_image-dendrobium-23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":634},"id":"ZtBN70aF0TcGJggJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[24â26] Various clones of Den. ionopus.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":39,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBOBUaF0TcGJggL_image-dendrobium-24.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":850,"height":640},"id":"ZtBOBUaF0TcGJggL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBOBkaF0TcGJggM_image-dendrobium-25.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1766,"height":860},"id":"ZtBOBkaF0TcGJggM","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBOB0aF0TcGJggN_image-dendrobium-26.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":848,"height":702},"id":"ZtBOB0aF0TcGJggN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium jimcootesii Derek Cabactulan and Dr. MiguelDavid De Leon named this plant in 2016 in the German journal Die Orchidee (The Orchid). The specific epithet honors the author of this article. The plants are pendulous growers, branch freely, and reach lengths of 2.0 feet (61 cm). The flowers are about 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. It is endemic to the mountains of northern Mindanao in the Philippines. It grows on the mossy trunks and branches of trees at elevations of around 5,000 feet (1524 m) in cloud forests.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":115,"end":128,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium kruiense Johannes J. Smith named this orchid in 1926 in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Bulletin of the Botanic Garden Buitenzorg). The specific epithet refers to the town of Krui in Sumatra, Indonesia. The plants reach 2.0 feet (61 cm) in length. Inflorescences only bear a couple of 1.0âinch (2.5 cm) flowers. It is endemic to the island of Sumatra where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of around 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":67,"end":110,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium lampongense Johannes J. Smith named this orchid in 1908 in the Bulletin de DeÌpartment de lâAgriculture aux Indies NeÌerlandaises. Buitenzorg. (Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture in the Netherland Indies. Buitenzorg). The specific epithet refers to the Lampong province of Sumatra in the Indonesian archipelago. The plant can reach more than 2.0 feet (61 cm) in length. Inflorescences can produce up to seven flowers about 2.0 inches (5.1 cm) in diameter. This species has been recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra and Borneo. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 600â900 feet (183â274 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":74,"end":152,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[27] Dendrobium lampongense","spans":[{"start":4,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBQSEaF0TcGJghn_image-dendrobium-27.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":850,"height":636},"id":"ZtBQSEaF0TcGJghn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n[28] Den. jimcootesii grown and photographed by Georg Hampel.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBQdEaF0TcGJghr_image-dendrobium-28.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":844,"height":630},"id":"ZtBQdEaF0TcGJghr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium mutabile Carl Blume first named this species in 1825 as Onychium mutabile. John Lindley transferred it to the genus Dendrobium in 1830 in his Genera and
998Species of Orchidaceous Plants. The specific epithet refers to the variation found within this species. Plants can reach 3.0 feet (91 cm) in length but usually are much shorter. Inflorescences can carry up to fifteen flowers about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. This lovely species in endemic to the islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. It grows at elevations of between 1,600â6,000 feet (488â1829 m). Plants have been found on trees and also rocks.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":67,"end":84,"type":"em"},{"start":127,"end":138,"type":"em"},{"start":153,"end":194,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[29] Dendrobium mutabile","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBQnEaF0TcGJght_image-dendrobium-29.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":846},"id":"ZtBQnEaF0TcGJght","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium obrienianum Fritz Kraenzlin named this plant in 1892 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet honors a Mr. OâBrien who may have been the first person to flower this species in Europe. Plants are pendulous and can reach over 3.0 feet (91 cm) in length. Inflorescences are over 8.0 (20.3 cm) inches in length carrying up to twenty wellâ spaced flowers, which are approximately 0.63 inches (1.6 cm) across the petals. This species occurs in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) and the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Plants in cultivation in Bali, Indonesia, grow and flower at elevations of about 3,300 feet (1,006 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":23,"type":"strong"},{"start":71,"end":91,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[30] Dendrobium obrienianum grown and photographed by Jeff Champion.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":27,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBQv0aF0TcGJghx_image-dendrobium-30.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":846,"height":1128},"id":"ZtBQv0aF0TcGJghx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\n[31] Dendrobium obrienianum grown and photographed by Ong Poh Teck.","spans":[{"start":6,"end":28,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBQzEaF0TcGJghz_image-dendrobium-31.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":852,"height":1088},"id":"ZtBQzEaF0TcGJghz","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium phillipsii Oakes Ames and Eduardo Quisumbing named this species in 1935 in the Philippine Journal of Science. The specific epithet honors Mr. L.H. Phillips, collector of the specimens used to make the description. This orchid is the sister species of Den. fairchildiae and is relatively smaller with pseudobulbs measuring about 2.0 feet (61 cm) long. The flower color is predominantly white, while the spur and the throat of the labellum are yellow. The final portion of the spur points downwards towards the ground, which is one of the distinguishing features that separates this species from Den. fairchildiae. Dendrobium phillipsii is endemic to the Philippines and is only known from northern Mindanao at elevations of about 3,000 feet (914 m), where it grows as an epiphyte.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":22,"type":"strong"},{"start":90,"end":119,"type":"em"},{"start":262,"end":280,"type":"em"},{"start":605,"end":622,"type":"em"},{"start":624,"end":646,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[32] Dendrobium phillipsii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBRFUaF0TcGJgh4_image-dendrobium-32.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":844,"height":794},"id":"ZtBRFUaF0TcGJgh4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium profusum Heinrich G. Reichenbach described this species in 1884 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet refers to the profuse flowering habit of this orchid. The stems reach about 2.0 (61 cm) feet in length. Inflorescences can bear up to 15 flowers about 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. Without a doubt, this is one of the most delightfully colored members of this section. The sepals and petals are cream to yellow, marked to varying degrees with pinkâtoâpurple spots or blotches. This species is endemic to the largest island of the Philippines, Luzon. It grows in the lowland forests as an epiphyte at elevations up to 1,000 feet (305 m). It enjoys brightly lit positions.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":20,"type":"strong"},{"start":82,"end":102,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}
998,{"type":"paragraph","text":"[33â35] Three different color forms of Dendrobium profusum.\n[36] Dendrobium profusum âPurple Hazeâ \n[37] A green form of Dendrobium profusum grown and photographed by Ronny Boos.","spans":[{"start":39,"end":58,"type":"em"},{"start":65,"end":84,"type":"em"},{"start":121,"end":140,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBRY0aF0TcGJgiD_image-dendrobium-33-37.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1252,"height":1720},"id":"ZtBRY0aF0TcGJgiD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium ravanii The author of this article described this species in 2008 in the German Orchideen Journal. The specific epithet honors the discoverer of this orchid, Mr. Ravan Schneider. It is a most beautiful addition to the Philippine orchid flora. The plants are semiâpendulous and can reach lengths of almost 18 inches (46 cm). Flowers are usually white in color, but pink forms have also been seen, and the blooms are about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) wide. The markings on the labellum, which are purplish, vary considerably in their intensity. The plants are only found in the mountains of northern Mindoro in shaded locations at elevations of between 1,800â 2,500 feet (550â762 m). Dendrobium ravanii is probably the smallestâgrowing member of the section, and plants a mere 4.0 inches (10.2 cm) long have flowered in my collection.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":91,"end":108,"type":"em"},{"start":686,"end":705,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[38] Dendrobium ravenii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVDkaF0TcGJgkg_image-dendrobium-38.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":574,"height":478},"id":"ZtBVDkaF0TcGJgkg","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[39] Den. ravenii âPink Backâ","spans":[{"start":5,"end":18,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVOUaF0TcGJgko_image-dendrobium-39.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":566,"height":476},"id":"ZtBVOUaF0TcGJgko","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium sanguinolentum John Lindley named this glorious species in 1842 in Edwardsâs Botanical Register. The specific epithet refers to the purpleâstained leaves, and the tips of the floral segments of some forms of this species. The plants can reach over 3.0 feet (91 cm) in length. Inflorescences are short and can have up to nine but more usually about four flowers, which are about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. There are two color forms of this orchid: one in which the flowers are a plain, deep cream to pale orange, and the other on which there are purplish red tips to the floral segments. This orchid has been recorded from Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia and Borneo. It grows as an epiphyte at elevations form sea level up to about 2,000 feet (610 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":26,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":26,"type":"strong"},{"start":78,"end":106,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[40â41] Dendrobium sanguinolentum","spans":[{"start":8,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVZEaF0TcGJgkt_image-dendrobium-40.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":474},"id":"ZtBVZEaF0TcGJgkt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVakaF0TcGJgku_image-dendrobium-41.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":566,"height":430},"id":"ZtBVakaF0TcGJgku","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium serenaâalexianum Jeffrey J. Wood and Anthony Lamb named this species in 2008 in the Malesian Orchid Journal. The specific epithet honors Serena and Alexander Lamb, children of the second author. Plants can reach 3.0 feet (91 cm) in length. Inflorescences carry up to eight flowers about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter by about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long. This species is only known from the foothills (700â4,000 feet [213â1219 m]) of Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Borneo.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":28,"type":"strong"},{"start":95,"end":118,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[42â43] Dendrobium serenaâalexianum grown by Cindy Hill. Photograph by Ron Parsons","spans":[{"start":8,"end":35,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVzEaF0TcGJgk6_image-dendrobium-42.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":428},"id":"ZtBVzEaF0TcGJgk6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBVzUaF0TcGJgk7_image-dendrobium-43.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":570,"height":674},"id":"ZtBVzUaF0TcGJgk7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium serratilabium Louis O. Williams named this plant in 1937 Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard university. It has a labellum, which has beautifully serrated edges, thus the specific epithet. The plant branches considerably with new growths appearing from both the base of the plant and from along the pseudobulbs. Flower color is variable, commonly cream with different degrees of red stripes on the segments, while others are orangeâyellow and lack the red stripes. Clones also exist without any striping. This is a fairly widespread species throughout the Philippines, preferring shady locations in mountain forests at elevations over 3,000 feet (914 m).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":25,"type":"strong"},{"start":68,"end":113,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[44] Dendrobium serratilabium grown and photographed by Georg Hampel.","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBWJEaF0TcGJglI_image-dendrobium-44.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":564,"height":562},"id":"ZtBWJEaF0TcGJglI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[45â47] Various color forms of Dendrobium serratilabium.","spans":[{"start":30,"end":56,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBWS0aF0TcGJglN_image-dendrobium-45.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":562,"height":504},"id":"ZtBWS0aF0TcGJglN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBWTUaF0TcGJglP_image-dendrobium-46.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":568,"height":420},"id":"ZtBWTUaF0TcGJglP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBWTEaF0TcGJglO_image-dendrobium-47.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":566,"height":438},"id":"ZtBWTEaF0TcGJglO","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium victoriaeâreginae Augustus Loher named this wonderful species in 1897 in the Gardenersâ Chronicle. The specific epithet honors Queen Victoria, who was about to celebrate her sixtieth anniversary on the British throne. This species is probably the most wellâknown and widely grown species from this section. The huge variation in the color of the flowers is a joy to behold. The most popular and desirable forms are those where the flowers are of darkâblue shades. Inflorescences are short and can carry up to three blooms about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide. As this species occurs in the high moist mountains (over 4,000 feet [1219 m]) of the Philippines, it can be successfully cultivated in a shade house in temperate zones and can withstand winter minimum temperatures of 50 F (10 C). Plants are best kept in lightly shaded positions with constant air movement and should not be allowed to dry out. This wonderful species is endemic to the Philippines, and it occurs throughout the archipelago.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":29,"type":"strong"},{"start":88,"end":108,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[48â54] Various color forms of Dendrobium victoriaeâreginae.\n[55] Dendrobium victoriaeâreginae grown and photographed by Rey Abellada.\n[56] Dendrobium victoriaeâreginae f. album grown and photographed by Kobe Felicia.","spans":[{"start":31,"end":60,"type":"em"},{"start":66,"end":93,"type":"em"},{"start":140,"end":169,"type":"em"},{"start":172,"end":177,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBWhUaF0TcGJgld_image-dendrobium-48-56.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1266,"height":1722},"id":"ZtBWhUaF0TcGJgld","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[57] A very wellâflowered, richly colored form of Dendrobium victoriaeâreginae.","spans":[{"start":50,"end":79,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBW60aF0TcGJgln_image-dendrobium-57.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1266,"height":1720},"id":"ZtBW60aF0TcGJgln","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium yeageri Oakes Ames \u0026 Eduardo Quisumbing named this species in 1933 the Philippine Journal of Science. The specific epithet honors Dr. C.H. Yeager who was with the group that discovered the first specimens described. This is a mediumâ sized plant with pendulous pseudobulbs measuring up to 18 inches (45.7 cm). The attractive flowers are colored pale purple with darker stripes, while the tip of the labellum is white, and are about 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) in diameter. This is another plant that tolerates cooler conditions as it comes from the mountains of Luzon in the Philippines. It should be noted that Den. yeageri, Den. ceraula and Den. victoriaeâreginae are all closely related species and appear to have a common ancestor.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"em"},{"start":0,"end":19,"type":"strong"},{"start":82,"end":111,"type":"em"},{"start":616,"end":628,"type":"em"},{"start":630,"end":643,"type":"em"},{"start":647,"end":670,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[58â59] Two different forms of Dendrobium yeageri.","spans":[{"start":31,"end":50,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBXCUaF0TcGJglq_image-dendrobium-58.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1178,"height":936},"id":"ZtBXCUaF0TcGJglq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ZtBXCkaF0TcGJglr_image-dendrobium-59.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1178,"height":1370},"id":"ZtBXCkaF0TcGJglr","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"CULTURE","spans":[{"start":0,"end":7,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A number of the species in section Calcarifera are plants of the tropical lowland rainforests and, as a rule, they require moderately bright, moist and humid conditions in cultivation with warmâtoâintermediate temperatures (minimum 61 F [16 C]) throughout the year. For those species which come from highâaltitude areas, such as Den. victoriaeâreginae, cooler temperatures (range 77 F [25 C] maximum, 50 F [10 C] minimum) are desirable. In temperate climates, successful cultivation can be achieved in a glasshouse with appropriately controlled growing conditions. We grow plants in either pots or on mounts of treefern fiber. For pots, a wellâdraining epiphyte medium should be used, consisting of pine bark mixed with pebbles or perlite. When plants are grown on mounts, sphagnum moss may be used to hold a little moisture around the roots. Bright filtered light is important, as is good air movement to reduce fungusâinduced rot. Plants must not dry out, and it is recommended that they receive copious watering and regular applications of weak fertilizer solution during the growing period. In general, watering and fertilizing should be eased during the cooler months.","spans":[{"start":35,"end":47,"type":"em"},{"start":329,"end":351,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The plants described here are relatively easy to care for and deserve to be more widely cultivated, although some species are uncommon and may not be easily available. Most have a pendulous growth habit requiring only small or confined spaces, and wellâgrown specimens will reward the proud owner with regular flushes of highly attractive flowers.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Acknowledgments","spans":[{"start":0,"end":15,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Thanks to the following friends for allowing me the use of their images to enhance this article: Rey Abellada (the Philippines), Ronny Boos (the Philippines), Derek Cabactulan (the Philippines), Jeffrey Champion (Bali, Indonesia), Kobe Felicia (the Philippines), Dr. Nelson Geraldino (the Philippines), Georg Hampel (Germany), March Lomongo (the Philippines), Ron Parsons (uSA), Ravan Schneider (Germany), and Ong Poh Teck (Malaysia).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"References","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"strong"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Comber J.B. 2001. Orchids of Sumatra. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Sabah, Malaysia.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":36,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Cootes J. 2011. Philippine Native Orchid Species. Katha Publishing, Philippines.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":48,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Ong P.T. and D. Metusala. 2023. Dendrobium obrienianum Kraenzl. (Section Pedilonum) â Reintroduction of an Old Taxon in Cultivation. Malesian Orchid Journal. 26.","spans":[{"start":32,"end":55,"type":"em"},{"start":73,"end":82,"type":"em"},{"start":133,"end":156,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Seidenfaden G. and J.J. Wood. 1992. The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Olsen \u0026 Olsen, Fredensborg.","spans":[{"start":36,"end":84,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wood H.P. 2006. The Dendrobiums. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell/Liechtenstein.","spans":[{"start":16,"end":31,"type":"
998em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Wood J.J. and A. Lamb. 2008. Two New Species of Dendrobium (Section Calcarifera) from Sabah. Malesian Orchid Journal. 2.","spans":[{"start":48,"end":59,"type":"em"},{"start":68,"end":79,"type":"em"},{"start":93,"end":116,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"Zsxs9BEAACYAuSGQ","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-september-2024-issue","first_publication_date":"2024-08-27T08:22:41+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-10-28T14:03:24+0000","uid":"orchids-september-2024","link_type":"Document","key":"a1a2ebde-9aa6-4350-add9-16ae39044373","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"Dendrobium and its Relatives\nPart 3: Dendrobium section Calcarifera","MetaDescription":"The section Calcarifera has over 90 species. The center of distribution is in Sumatra, with significant numbers of species from peninsular Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines. These are mostly plants of humid tropical forests, which experience yearâround rainfall and are found at low to moderate altitudes.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"3cdf10b0-9fa2-4535-a204-51273bdad8f5","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"ZgrP2RMAACIAoqQp","uid":"insect-growth-regulators","url":"/orchids/articles/insect-growth-regulators","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22ZgrP2RMAACIAoqQp%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-04-01T21:20:10+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-16T19:23:10+0000","slugs":["insect-growth-regulators"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ed7ab54a-e316-4e77-92ae-6fc983bb0bf3_image-February20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZhLgABEAACIAZWKa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ed7ab54a-e316-4e77-92ae-6fc983bb0bf3_image-February20231.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZhLgABEAACIAZWKa","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c677c1bb-db6d-421d-a8be-ef5c892e0b8a_image-february20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,375,270\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"ZhLgwhEAACQAZWXx","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c677c1bb-db6d-421d-a8be-ef5c892e0b8a_image-february20232.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,30,375,210\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"ZhLgwhEAACQAZWXx","edit":{"x":0,"y":-43,"zoom":1.4373333333333334,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"Insect Growth Regulators","Author":"Raymond Cloyd, PhD","ArticleDate":"2023-02-01","Summary":"Reprinted from Orchids 82(8):491â493\nInsect growth regulators, or IGRs, are compounds that mimic the action of hormones that disrupt the molting process or modify growth and development in insect or mite pests. They donât directly kill insect pests, but interfere with the normal mechanisms of development, resulting in insect pests dying before reaching the adult stage.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Insect growth regulators, or IGRs, are compounds that mimic the action of hormones that disrupt the molting process or modify growth and development in insect or mite pests. They donât directly kill insect pests, but interfere with the normal mechanisms of development, resulting in insect pests dying before reaching the adult stage. In general, IGRs kill insect pests in 3â14 days; however, the particular IGR, the target insect pest, and the life stage may influence the time needed to kill the insect pest. Insect growth regulators tend to reduce pest populations over time â not immediately. Some IGRs may cause insect pests to stop feeding before they die. Also, certain IGRs may affect egg, larval, nymphal or pupal development. Furthermore, IGRs may inhibit metamorphosis (change in form) and negatively affect female reproduction and egg viability. Insect growth regulators are primarily used to kill the immature or young stages of plant-feeding insects, including caterpillars, fungus gnats, leaf miners, mealybugs, scales, shoreflies, thrips and whiteflies. This is the reason why application timing is important to maximize the effectiveness of IGRs. The short residual activity of IGRs and the fact that their longevity may be affected by exposure to ultraviolet light means that repeat or multiple applications are typically required. This article will discuss the activity of IGRs, insect physiology, classification of IGRs, side effects of IGRs and using IGRs against mealybugs and scales.\n\n[1]âA scale colony on a cattleya leaf. Notice the waxy covering that protects the actual insects. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/df67001d-6f32-4880-9793-cf673b11035b_image-Insect-Growth-Regulators.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":688,"height":1194},"id":"ZgrPjxMAACAAoqLc","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR ACTIVITY","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" Thorough coverage of all plant parts, including leaves and flowers, is important to obtain adequate management of pest populations, and applications must be made when susceptible life stages are present. For example, many IGRs are more active on the early life stages, such as the first and second instars than on later instars. (Instar refers to the insect between molts.) This is why IGRs may take longer to manage insect pest populations, especially when dealing with overlapping generations. In addition, IGRs tend to be more active on those insect pests that undergo complete metamorphosis (egg,larvae, pupae and adult) than those that undergo incomplete metamorphosis (egg, nymph and adult). Because of their specificity, IGRs are typically less harmful to natural enemies, such as parasitoids and predators, than conventional broadspectrum insecticides. Before discussing the classifications of IGRs it is important first to understand the basics of insect physiology in order to comprehend how IGRs work on insect pests. \n\n[2]âA mature mealybug surrounded by its protective waxy deposit. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/89281720-c50b-4386-bcaf-c6f4518b825e_image-Insect-Growth-Regulators2.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1035,"height":684},"id":"ZgrPjxMAACEAoqLb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"INSECT PHYSIOLOGY\nInsect growth and development are regulated via a combination of hormones. Two compounds involved in regulating insect growth and development are ecdysone (molting hormone) and juvenile hormone. The levels of these two hormones may fluctuate and are countercyclical during natural growth and development. Ecdysone is responsible for regulating or triggering when insects molt and juvenile hormone determines whether or not an insect pest will molt into a
998juvenile form or regulates the body form (i.e., next instar) of the insect pest after molting. The absence of juvenile hormone starts the process of metamorphosis into the adult stage. The formation of the new skin and shedding of the old skin (exoskeleton) is called molting, a process regulated by these hormones. When an insect is ready to molt, a signal is sent to the insectâs brain resulting in the production of the prothoracicotropic hormone. This hormone is released into the hemolymph (blood), which stimulates the prothoracic glands to release ecdysone into the hemolymph. Ecdysone is hydroxylated (a chemical change that introduces an âOH [hydroxyl] group to a compound) to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). An increase in the levels of 20E initiates the molting process.\n\nCLASSIFICATION OF INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Insect growth regulators may be grouped into three distinct categories based on the mode of action: 1) juvenile hormone mimics or analogs (agonists), 2) ecdysone antagonists and 3) chitin synthesis inhibitors. Juvenile hormone mimics or analogs suspend development, causing insect pests to remain in an immature stage, which prevents them from completing their life cycle. Ecdysone antagonists disrupt or interfere with the molting process of insect pests by inhibiting the metabolism of the molting hormone â ecdysone. Chitin synthesis inhibitors interfere with enzymes during the molting process that stimulate the synthesis and formation of chitin, which is an important component of an insectâs exoskeleton. As a result, insect pests fail to reach adulthood because they die in the immature stage, or they mature into sterile adults (male or female). However, it should be noted that there are differences among some of the chitin synthesis inhibitors associated with their activity on target insect pests. Diflubenzuron directly inhibits the production of chitin, a proteinlike compound responsible for the strength and resilience of the exocuticle (middle layer of the cuticle). Buprofezin prevents levels of 20E from declining during initial molting. If 20E levels are high during the molting period then the old cuticle (skin) will not be digested and the new cuticle will fail to develop properly. Cyromazine causes the cuticle to become abnormally rigid, resulting in a decrease in elasticity, which reduces the ability of insect pests to move and feed. There is a mite growth regulator, etoxazole, which is also classified as a chitin synthesis inhibitor. Etoxazole is a compound that inhibits the molting process during mite development. It is active on the eggs, larvae and nymphs with no direct effects on adult mites. Table 1 presents the commercially available IGRs associated with each category.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/ece4bb91-b168-47e8-a5be-ca0eaced6f1a_image-Insect-Growth-Regulators3.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":679,"height":321},"id":"ZgrPjhMAACAAoqLU","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SIDE EFFECTS OF INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS\nAlthough IGRs are primarily active on the young stages of insect pests, some IGRs may indirectly affect the adult stages by reducing reproduction or egg viability. Egg viability refers to those eggs that hatch into live young. Insect growth regulators may also suppress reproduction by inhibiting the formation of ovaries in the adult female. Consult the product label to determine those IGRs that have indirect effects on the adult stage of insect pests. The fact that certain IGRs indirectly affect the adult stages of particular insect pests is important in regard to pest management, as this means another developmental life stage may be negatively affected. Suppressing adult female reproduction is an important long-term pest management strategy that may decrease the number of individuals in future generations. This may result in fewer insecticide applications needed, which could reduce insecticide costs, minimize the potential for insecticide resistance and avoid exposure to residues. \n\nMEALYBUGS AND SCALES Mealybugs and scales are major insect pests of many orchids. Insect growth regulators may be effective in alleviating problems with these two pests; however, coverage of all plant parts including leaves and flowers is important and multiple applications, at least once per week, will be required to reduce populations of both pests over time. In addition, the sheaths will have to be removed from certain orchid plants to expose mealybugs and scales to spray applications of IGRs. The IGRs that are labeled for use against mealybug, scale or both are kinoprene (Enstar II/AQ), buprofezin (Talus), fenoxycarb (Preclude) and azadirachtin (Azatin, Ornazin, MoltX, Azatrol, AzaGuard, Aza-Direct and AzaSol).\n\n[3]âMany orchids such as this cattleya produce protective leaf sheaths that dry as the growth matures. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/e3b819d8-1ad6-4b3a-a778-d3625259c9c8_image-Insect-Growth-Regulators4.png?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":493},"id":"ZgrPjhMAACAAoqLW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4]â The protective leaf sheaths should be removed to minimize the development of hidden insect colonies. As a general rule of thumb, this removal and thorough cleaning should be part of your repotting technique.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://prismic-io.s3.amazonaws.com/aosweb/8672a1bc-c0e6-4276-a484-81c877f44c15_image-Insect-Growth-Regulators5.png","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":346,"height":489},"id":"ZgrPjhMAACEAoqLa","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SUMMARY\nInsect growth regulators are a diverse group of compounds classified into three distinct categories based on mode of action: juvenile hormone mimics, ecdysone antagonists, and chitin synthesis inhibitors. Timing of application is important, as the susceptible life stage (or stages) must be present for IGRs to be effective in managing insect pest populations. Insect growth regulators must be applied early or when insect pests are first detected because IGRs are less effective when overlapping generations of insect pests occur because of the presence of different life stages. Insect growth regulators are effective in managing populations of many different types of insect and mite pests and may reduce the number of individuals in future generations. Because of their broad mode of activity, IGRs should always be incorporated into insecticide rotation programs to delay the development of resistance in insect pest populations.\n\n âRaymond A. Cloyd, PhD, is Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural Entomology/Integrated Pest Management in the Department of Entomology at Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-4004 (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":946,"end":1191,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYRBEAAHsTf-ML","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-february-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:56+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-21T07:18:37+0000","uid":"orchids-february-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"d0e46bcf-a1ba-4cf4-9e45-14c3192c971a","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Insect Growth Regulators","MetaDescription":"Insect growth regulators, or IGRs, are compounds that mimic the action of hormones that disrupt the molting process or modify growth and development in insect or mite pests.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"7514155e-0c43-411d-bbb6-9e5c4967cd52","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"Zec3fRMAACIAtqCF","uid":"the-nurserymans-test","url":"/orchids/articles/the-nurserymans-test","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22Zec3fRMAACIAtqCF%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":["Child Menu - Orchids Magazine"],"first_publication_date":"2024-03-05T15:24:43+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-07-02T13:18:48+0000","slugs":["the-nurserymans-test"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3b666f8b-9cd5-4101-a795-c8e89bb95a24_featuredthumb-jan2023.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,0,784,497\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"Zecp5BAAAB8AJfAK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3b666f8b-9cd5-4101-a795-c8e89bb95a24_featuredthumb-jan2023.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,18,784,461\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"Zecp5BAAAB8AJfAK","edit":{"x":0,"y":-12,"zoom":0.6849489795918368,"background":"#fff"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3b666f8b-9cd5-4101-a795-c8e89bb95a24_featuredthumb-jan2023.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=46,0,690,497\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"Zecp5BAAAB8AJfAK","edit":{"x":-25,"y":0,"zoom":0.5432595573440644,"background":"#fff"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/3b666f8b-9cd5-4101-a795-c8e89bb95a24_featuredthumb-jan2023.jpg?auto=compress,format\u0026rect=0,29,784,439\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"Zecp5BAAAB8AJfAK","edit":{"x":0,"y":-20,"zoom":0.6875,"background":"#fff"}}},"Heading":"The Nurserymanâs Test","Author":"Terry Bottom","ArticleDate":"2023-01-01","Summary":"Haraella retrocalla, an endemic orchid species of Taiwan with a back-pointing lip callus, thrives in warm to cold conditions in ancient deciduous forests, featuring successively blooming, relatively large flowers with a lemon-like fragrance, best cultivated in environments with filtered light, high humidity, and careful watering techniques to ensure year-round blossoming.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Early Subtle Signs of Virus","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THEY SAY THAT the only way to be sure if a plant is virused is to test it. Now we will have to add a qualifier to that statement, â...unless Dave Off is in town.â Dave manages Waldor Orchids in Linwood, New Jersey with other family members. He was vacationing in St. Augustine with his family and spoke to our club. The subject of orchid viruses came up in one of our conversations, and Dave offered to walk through my greenhouse and identify potentially virused orchids. I hoped he would be unsuccessful, because several years ago I discarded about a third of my cattleyas after they tested positive. Unfortunately, Eagle Eye Dave walked through the greenhouse and brought a half dozen or so cattleyas to my attention. Each one later tested positive for virus. ","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dave has an internal checklist that he uses to identify virused plants. He looks at the new growth, and it must be at the proper point in its growth cycle, when the leaf is unfolding but before it hardens off. The symptoms on the young leaves are very subtle. On the newest forming leaf, there is a longitudinal streaking running parallel to the veins in the leaf. This streaking does not tend to traverse the entire leaf blade. It is slightly irregular on the horizontal axis, so it is somewhat blotchy in appearance. The streaking is evident on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces. The discoloration is inside the young leaf, with no sunken areas. This streaking may or may not disappear when the leaf is mature, depending on the severity of the infection. It is best viewed early or late in the day rather than under conditions that are too bright. ","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"If Dave sees some chlorotic streaking, he starts inspecting the rest of the plant, first looking at the other new growths to see if they too exhibit symptoms. Both top and bottom leaf surfaces are inspected. If virused, the streaking will be visible in all the new growths. He looks at the older part of the plant, perhaps there might be the necrotic black splotches or the reddish-purple markings often reported for virused plants. He looks at any flowers that might be present, for signs of color break or necrotic streaking. He looks at the flower sheath for signs of abnormalities. He also evaluates the plantâs growth vigor, as viruses can sap strength from a plant. The phalaenopsis bench was Daveâs next target. I have not tested many phalaenopsis because of the generally held assumption that many of those sold in the mass markets could be virused. Dave found a dozen plants that looked suspicious to him, and upon testing, Dave continued to bat a thous
998and ... more bench space!\nIn more advanced stages of viral disease, the more commonly recognized signs of virus might appear in the plant. These include the black necrotic blotching often reported for cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) or the reddish-purple markings of odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) ","spans":[]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] Subtle expression of virus in young cattleya leaves: longitudinal irregular chlorotic streaking, evident on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Depending on the severity of the virus infection it may or may not disappear when the leaf is mature.","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/8a7132a9-c28a-451b-b12f-e2d352883001_image-jan2023-page28-2.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":445,"height":297},"id":"Zec46RMAACAAtqbN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2â5] The chlorotic streaking from virus in young Cattleya leaves is very subtle. Dave could predict from the markings whether it was CymMV or ORSV. ORSV streaking tends to be more blotchy and CymMV more linear. The presence or absence of color was also predictive. I will need a few more lessons to make any educated guesses. ","spans":[]},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d2b1ab2c-f54e-4f87-a382-d88d6bea5e62_image-jan2023-page28-3.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":445,"height":297},"id":"Zec46BMAACAAtqbL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/102b892a-b35f-4c22-a137-82426656cdc9_image-jan2023-page28-4.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":445,"height":297},"id":"Zec46BMAACEAtqbJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/c9c15ccb-0bc0-4851-a9e7-cd99150991d1_image-jan2023-page28-5.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":445,"height":297},"id":"Zec46RMAACAAtqbP","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/f04c5087-ce2f-4d6b-a689-4ea5f2bebfab_image-jan2023-page28-1.jpg?auto=compress,format","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1541,"height":288},"id":"Zec4HhMAACAAtqNN","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"#fff"}}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZVNYRhEAAHsTf-MS","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"rounding-out-our-january-magazine-issue","first_publication_date":"2023-11-16T10:20:56+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-06-20T13:33:39+0000","uid":"orchids-january-2023","link_type":"Document","key":"d38d6ebe-b6f2-458f-96bd-a6203fdcf471","isBroken":false},"Categories":[],"MetaTitle":"The Nurserymanâs Test","MetaDescription":"Haraella retrocalla, an endemic orchid species of Taiwan with a back-pointing lip callus, thrives in warm to cold conditions in ancient deciduous forests, featuring successively blooming, relatively large flowers with a lemon-like fragrance, best cultivated in environments with filtered light, high humidity, and careful watering techniques to ensure year-round blossoming.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"id":"ZKatPBIAACUA3UGm","type":"Page","tags":["All About Orchids"],"lang":"en-us","slug":"orchids-magazine","first_publication_date":"2023-07-06T12:09:18+0000","last_publication_date":"2024-12-17T14:44:16+0000","uid":"orchids-magazine","link_type":"Document","key":"d1f96085-0255-460c-ad07-77d0a3e72deb","isBroken":false}}},{"id":"aKM88hAAACIA4Sfu","uid":"ghostly-pursuit","url":"/orchids/articles/ghostly-pursuit","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aKM88hAAACIA4Sfu%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-08-18T15:07:33+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-08-18T18:21:00+0000","slugs":["ghostly-pursuit"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6576bf96531ac2845a25ddec_July2009.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"ZXa_llMawoRaJd3s","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/6576bf96531ac2845a25ddec_July2009.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"ZXa_llMawoRaJd3s","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}}
998,"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKNp9qTt2nPbabs3_image-dlax-lindenii.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,207,536,386\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aKNp9qTt2nPbabs3","edit":{"x":0,"y":207,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKNp9qTt2nPbabs3_image-dlax-lindenii.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,250,536,300\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aKNp9qTt2nPbabs3","edit":{"x":0,"y":250,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Ghostly Pursuit","Author":"Keith Davis","ArticleDate":"2009-07-01","Summary":"IN AUTUMN 1980, THIS MISPLACED bachelor cruised down one street after another. looking for yard sales in the uppercrust neighborhoods of Corpus Christi.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"IN AUTUMN 1980, THIS MISPLACED bachelor cruised down one street after another looking for yard sales in the upper crust neighborhoods of Corpus Christi. Sitting barely 6 inches ( 15 cm) off the pavement in my 1968 Triumph GT-6 named âRed,\" I saw hordes of people converging on the front lawn of a stately southern Texas home. This particular sale had folding tables packed with every imaginable dust collector known to man as well as rack after rack stocked with once-stylish clothes. The 100-plus people crowding the yard were gathering around a large section that had loosely organized rows of books and magazines. The left side of the yard was completely covered with hundreds of odd-looking plants. Always the book fancier, I gravitated toward the âlawnbrary\" to see what bargains could be had. Many of the magazines and books were totally unfamiliar, with titles such as Bulletin, Orchid Digest, Awards Quarterly. There were stacks of catalogs with names like Jones \u0026 Scully, Stewart, Armacost, Alberts \u0026 Merkel, Hausermann and Vacherrot and Leucouffle. Why in the world did so many people want these? Even to this college graduate of forestry, ornamental horticulture and fruit production, these publications were unfamiliar. As the crowd frenzy intensified, I spied a large book right at my feet. It had a familiar title, Exotica. I leaned over to pick up this pristine volume, thinking it would be nice to have as a reference for my fledgling high school horticulture class. As I grabbed the 6-inch- (15-cm-) thick book, I was tackled by a portly woman who tried to rip the Exotica out of my hands. I spotted the book's price of $20 and heId on even tighter, knowing it normally sold for well over $100. Clutching the book, I took off in the direction of the money table as if headed toward the end zone for the winning touchdown of the Super Bowl, then carried my 10-pound (4.5-kg) prize to Red.","spans":[{"start":876,"end":922,"type":"em"},{"start":1332,"end":1341,"type":"em"},{"start":1585,"end":1593,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Locking the book in the car, I decided to go back to look at the strange plants that filled such a huge portion of the lawn. Some plants had tall canes, sort of bamboo-like, some had large fan-shaped leaves not unlike a palm seedling, some had flat leaves like two ranks of beaver tails, and others had fat club-like stems with one or two large stiff leaves on top. Many were in large 8- to 12-inch (20- to 30-cm) clay pots, while others were in baskets made of wood. Strangest of all were the ones mounted on cork bark and something that looked to me like little bits of black sticks glued together. Each plant had one or more name tags. Meaningless writing on the tags baffled me. The names, such as Cattlianthe (syn. Laeliocattleya) Molly Tyler (Ctt. [syn. Lc.] Mrs. W.N. Elkins x C. Leda), Zelenkoa (syn. Oncidium) onusta, Phalaenopsis bellina (syn. violacea), Lycaste skinneri and Dendrobium spectabile, must have been the plants' pet names like my car named Red. Other tags had secret codes, such as \"Pc 2 Joe\", \"Hld 4 Mac\" and \"FCC/AOS.\" Every one of the perhaps 1,000 plants had the uni-price of $1. I could get a dozen of these beautiful but odd specimen plants into old Red if I drove with the rear hatch open, put plants on the seat beside me, sat on the Exotica, and held one plant in my lap. As I drove 4 miles (6.5 km) back to the school's greenhouse, I wondered if I would be able to identify my plants from my new book. I ignored strange stares from passing motorists as I drove down South Padre Island Drive with plants poking out the rear and both sides of old Red. Little did I realize that I had just taken the first step to becoming an orchid nut.","spans":[{"start":702,"end":713,"type":"em"},{"start":714,"end":715,"type":"em"},{"start":719,"end":736,"type":"em"},{"start":749,"end":752,"type":"em"},{"start":760,"end":762,"type":"em"},{"start":794,"end":804,"type":"em"},{"start":808,"end":825,"type":"em"},{"start":827,"end":849,"type":"em"},{"start":853,"end":863,"type":"em"},{"start":865,"end":881,"type":"em"},{"start":886,"end":907,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] The award-winning flower of Dendrophylax lindenii 'Glade Spirit\", FCC/AOS. \"The clonal name comes from my imagination of the 'ghost' or 'spirit\" and one of places they can be found ... the Everglades ... spirit of the Glades ... or Glade Spirit,\" says the author. Grower of all plants shown in article: Keith Davis.","spans":[{"start":32,"end":53,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKMxRaTt2nPbabFG_image-gp-01.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":558,"height":698},"id":"aKMxRaTt2nPbabFG","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"That was my first year out of college as a teacher of horticulture at W.B. Ray High School in Corpus Christi, Texas. Our new Atlas greenhouse was sparsely populated with plants, so these new monsters really made things look more official. Over the next few weeks, I learned from the Exotica that some of the gibberish on the tags was the genus and species of various orchids. The book said nothing about how to grow the plants and I knew that no plant could survive on cork bark or the plaque of little black sticks or in those wooden baskets. I ripped the plants off their mounts and put them in pots of the richest, darkest, organic soil that I could find. I was sure that any plant in such luxurious soil would explode in new growth and shower me with blooms. As
998you might guess, the only thing that exploded was rot, and lots of it. In just a few short weeks, all but one of those 12 plants had gone to compost heaven.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"During the next few weeks, I met two wonderful people who helped change my life: Dr. C.L. (Sony) Norrell and Mrs. Rosa Mueller. Before long, I was an active member in local orchid, bromeliad, African violet, cactus and succulent and bonsai societies. Mueller took me to see her backyard collection of orchids and bromeliads. Norrell showed me how to divide a cattleya and interpret name tags. I went home with boxes of divisions that read like a who's-who list of heritage cattleyas. Strangely, Norrell wrote on his keeper plant tags things such as \"Pc 2 Keith.\" Bingo! I realized that the person from whom I purchased those first 12 plants was not so crazy after all. The main thing I learned over the next few months from my many new society friends was how little I knew.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"MY GHOSTLY PURSUIT ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Now, 28 years later, I am just as crazy as that person who once owned that orchid collection that sold for $1 per plant. I wish I could have known him or her. Now, as an orchid collector, I bet nearly story to go with it; where it came from, what award it received, who wanted a division and who got a division and what divisions of it were traded for. If you really love your plants, there is a story behind each one. Out of the 12 plants I purchased that day, the only one that did not die from \"death by dirt\" was Cattlianthe Molly Tyler. That plant still thrives in my collection and blooms every Thanksgiving. I have wondered so many times what stories that owner could have shared. Now my plant has stories of its own.","spans":[{"start":518,"end":530,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":" ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Over the years as I refined my collection and skills as a grower, I realized that cork was indeed good for growing some orchids, that tree-fern plaques (the little black sticks) were perhaps even better, and that no epiphytic orchid should be grown in ric
998h, black soil. I had also heard about the legendary ghost orchid. However, I never found a photograph, much less ran into a person who grew this mysterious plant. I falsely concluded that this plant, if it existed, was not a real orchid. The thought of an orchid with a flower that looked like a ghost kept me searching. One day while thumbing through a non-orchid magazine, I saw a painting of a flower suspended in mid air on a thin stalk. The bloom looked like a cross between an albino frog and a ghost. I could barely make out the caption at the bottom of the painting, but it read \"Ghost Orchid.\" I wasn't sure if the painting was someone's imagination of what a ghost orchid should look like, or if the painting was from a real flower. It was intriguing and deepened my desire to know more about this plant.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Several years later, while visiting the McMillan Greenhouses on the campus of the University of North Carolina in Charlotte, I nearly fell over when I came face to face with a blooming plant that looked exactly like the painting I had seen in that magazine. I stood there studying that flower and every detail of the plant for 30 minutes. It really did have a ghostly look. I scrutinized every inch of the plant, but found no hint of a leaf. The roots were long and wiry, greenish silver in color, and there was a mound in the center from which all the roots originated. From this mound the threadlike stem came outward and arched over, suspending a single pure white bloom. The bloom looked like a frog's ghost with bowed legs, two sets of wings, a green head with two red eyes, and a long arching tail. What in the world was Nature thinking when this thing was designed? At the time, I had several hundred orchids in my collection, mostly in the Cattleya alliance. I loved every plant, but this flower before me was more beautiful and mysterious than anything I had ever witnessed. I determined right then and there that I would find and learn how to grow this plant. Questioning the greenhouse curator, I was told that they had tried to grow the plants over many years, and this single plant was the only one that survived to bloom. The other note of interest was that of all the many orchid growers I knew, none had ever grown one. Something so beautiful would surely be of interest to orchid growers; we are always looking for the weird and wonderful. Somehow I knew this was not going to be an easy challenge. ","spans":[{"start":948,"end":957,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"My quest began by digging out every catalog I owned. Besides collecting orchids, I saved orchid catalogs and had hundreds of them. Most companies sold species by their Latin names, and I discovered that the plant I was looking for had undergone multiple name changes. I was taught in college that giving a Latin name to a plant was supposed to simplify and unify the naming process. But this orchid has had an identity crisis. With its uniqueness among flowering plants, the simple name of ghost orchid would let everyone know exactly what you are talking about. Taxonomists thought that was too easy though, so it has been assigned to the various genera of Angraecum, Aeranthes, Polyrrhiza, Polyradicion, and for now, Dendrophylax. After days of searching, I found that an orchid nursery named Oak Hill Gardens had seedlings at one time. I called, but they no longer offered them.","spans":[{"start":658,"end":704,"type":"em"},{"start":719,"end":731,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A few years later, I received their catalog and they had the plants listed again. I purchased several and they came attached to small pieces of cedar. The plants were small, no larger than 1 1/2 inches (3.75 cm) in diameter, but the roots looked good and had new green tips. I mounted each plant on something different knowing from some sparse literature that the plants grew on limbs or on the side of tree trunks. I tried tree-fern plaque, cork, tree limbs, slabs of various woods, and one piece of mockernut hickory bark (Carya tomentosa). All the plants were growing side by side in a fairly bright section of the greenhouse. I had them placed about 15 feet (4.5 m) from the evaporative cooling pads thinking they needed the higher humidity. I noticed that within a few months all the plants were trying to put out new roots, but only one plant was attaching its roots to the substrate on which it was mounted, that being the hickory bark. With the other plants' roots sticking out in the air, they dried out quickly and it was difficult to keep them hydrated. The plant with its roots firmly attaching to the hickory bark was better able to maintain hydration.","spans":[{"start":525,"end":540,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] Keith Davis with his plant of Dlax. lindenii 'Glade Spirit', FCC/AOS, surrounded by part of his collection of several thousand cattleyas in his 36 x 96-foot (11 Ã 29-m) orchid greenhouse. Davis still cannot get over the fact that with his thousands of orchids, the plant that doesn't even grow leaves - the ghost orchid - receives an FCC.","spans":[{"start":34,"end":48,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKMxSKTt2nPbabFI_image-gp-02.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":516,"height":387},"id":"aKMxSKTt2nPbabFI","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The mockernut hickory bark was something I discovered while cutting firewood to heat our home and greenhouse. I had cut some sections but left them out in the open for about a year. During that time, bugs had tunneled between the thick bark and the sap wood and when I later split the wood into sections for burning, I noticed the bark came off intact. Its rough texture, long furrows and patina of moss and lichens looked to me like a haven for mounting orchids. The question was, how long would it last before rotting? I had used barks of various species before, but frequent watering and fertilizing turned them to mush in two or three years. As it turned out, the hickory bark was different. The wood itself is hard and dense, but it rots quickly because it has no natural preservatives. The bark has some sort of natural component that is not antagonistic to orchids yet is very resistant to fungi and bacteria action. As I write this, I have had various orchid species growing on hickory bark for more than 15 years and it still maintains its integrity. The mosses and lichens on the bark add to the enjoyment of the orchid. I have noticed that the roots dig down and often bury under the thin living patina. It absorbs moisture and holds it for hours longer than cork or other mounting substrate. As a result, none of the ghost orchid seedlings survived beyond the first year except the one on the hickory bark. Had I been able to possibly w
998ater all of them once every day or more, others may have survived. But it was just not possible with my collection of mostly cattleyas. I seldom water more than once or twice per week. That is not enough for the ghost orchids unless the roots can get moisture from elsewhere, such as the moss and lichen on the hickory bark. There are long periods of dry weather where they grow naturally. The plants survive because roots are buried in the moss and lichen on the host tree. I later discovered that this dry period is vital to getting the plants to bloom.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"SUCCESS AT LAST ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After several years of prolific growing, the plant finally achieved the mound in the center that I had heard was necessary before they would bloom. But still, my plant would not flower. I was discussing this issue with a good friend of mine, Dr. Courtney Hackney, a native Floridian. He told me that in its natural habitat, there is usually a pronounced dry period for a couple of months preceding floral initiation. I was watering the plant along with all my other orchids and had not allowed this to happen. The following year, I hung the plant up higher so it would be less likely to get wet unless I purposely wanted it to. At the same time, I draped live Spanish moss over its roots to create a small microenvironment to keep the plant hydrated during the \"drought\" I was about to create. I watered it only about three times for the month of January and the same in February. In March, I resumed regular watering. By the end of March, I saw the first inflorescence emerge from the center of the mound. It was a painfully slow development, especially when I had waited so many years to witness this event in my own greenhouse. Finally around June 20, the bud started to crack open and things began to move quickly. I was amazed at how fast the parts were expanding.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The plant naturally displays the flower perfectly, presenting it for the world to see and of course for the pollinator to find it. At night, the bloom gives off a subtle yet intoxicating fragrance. I quickly took photographs galore, thinking that such a delicate flower would not last long in the heat and high humidity of that exceptionally hot June 2006. I was surprised and pleased that the bloom lasted for five weeks in perfect condition. When it finally says goodbye, it does so quickly. In less than six hours it goes from looking perfect to turning yellow and falling off. There was what appeared to be a second bud, but it never matured. On several inflorescences that I have observed since, the vestigial buds never developed. When a second bud flowers, it does so just a few days after the initial bloom opens. For judging purposes, I am not sure these vestigial buds should be counted. ","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Dendrophylax lindenii in nature.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKMxSaTt2nPbabFJ_image-gp-03.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":196,"height":337},"id":"aKMxSaTt2nPbabFJ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] A close-up view of Dlax. lindenii showing three old inflorescences from 2008 that produced four flowers. The white pointers show the base of three new spikes emerging early May 2009.","spans":[{"start":23,"end":37,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKMxS6Tt2nPbabFK_image-gp-04.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":342,"height":338},"id":"aKMxS6Tt2nPbabFK","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"After the dry treatment in January and February 2007, the plant produced two spikes that again developed ever so slowly. I decided it was time to name my plant, so with a sprinkle of water, I christened it Dendrophylax lindenii 'Glade Spirit'. As the buds got closer to opening, I checked the calendar for the date of our next AOS judging in Greensboro, North Carolina. I was hoping that since the flowers seem to last a fairly long time in good condition, one of the two flowers might make it for judging. I also knew that in 2006, there had been a plant of this species awarded an 89-point AM/AOS in Florida. I decided that unless 'Glade Spirit' produced blooms larger than the AM awarded plant there would be no need to take it in.","spans":[{"start":207,"end":229,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The first bloom opened on May 12, one week from judging. That allowed time for the bloom to fully expand for seven days. I just kept hoping and praying that nothing would happen to it for that one week - no bugs biting it, no moth pollinating it, no mouse eating it, and no Keith doing something stupid. Finally, Saturday morning of May 19 arrived. I went over to the greenhouse and the bloom looked so beautiful swaying gently in the breeze of the fans. I got my ruler out and measured the best I could without touching the bloom. I was pleased with what I saw and decided to go for it. It took about an hour to carefully pack it for the 40-minute drive down the bouncy North Carolina roads to the judging center. I left 'Glade Spirit' and Sophronitis (syn. Laelia) milleri 'Carolina Ruby' with the judges and went about my regular Saturday chores. About mid afternoon, one of the judges called on my cell phone wanting to verify my mailing address. I knew they would not call unless there was some sort of award, but the judge sounded rather calm and said nothing about the award. I figured there was an award on the 'Carolina Ruby' (which there was, an HCC/AOS) because it was a rare plant and had such a good blooming. When I returned to the judging center, several judges immediately came up and congratulated me with big smiles on their faces. \"Come here and look Keith, look at what you got, an FCC!\" The judge that called me said it was hard to restrain herself on the phone, but wanted me to be surprised when I got back to the center and discovered the ghost orchid had received the award. I hardly could contain myself for the joy of having an orchid finally garner a coveted FCC/AOS. On the drive home, I am not sure my butt ever touched the van's seat. It was an unbelievable feeling of elation, joy and satisfaction to realize that it all started that crisp Saturday morning 28 years ago at a yard sale. Out of all the thousands of cattleyas I have grown and dozens shown for awards, I received my first FCC on a plant that doesn't even grow leaves. But that's okay with me. The ghostly pursuit was worth it.","spans":[{"start":742,"end":755,"type":"em"},{"start":759,"end":775,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] The author's plant of Dlax. lindenii 'Glade Spirit', FCC/AOS, measures16
998inches (40 cm) tall and 10 inches (25 cm) wide. Roots encircle the bark on the reverse side as well.","spans":[{"start":26,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aKMxTKTt2nPbabFL_image-gp-05.png?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":340,"height":540},"id":"aKMxTKTt2nPbabFL","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Keith Davis was born in California but moved to Mexico with his missionary parents when he was eight years old. In 1974, he attended North Carolina State University where he obtained degrees in forestry, hor-ticulture and agricultural education. After school, he moved to Corpus Christi, Texas, where he taught horticulture. After moving to Reidsville in 1984, he worked for North Carolina State University as the grounds and greenhouse superintendent at Chinqua-Penn Plantation and taught high school. In 1997, he and his wife, Dixie, adopted their only child, April. Keith then became a full-time stay-at-home dad but also continued part time with Chinqua-Penn. In August 2002, a disaster struck his orchid collection when the power went off at the greenhouse he was leasing. The temperature soared to over 140 F (60 C) and about 90 percent of his large collection of mainly Cattleya alliance orchids was lost. Thanks to many friends and the generosity of orchid growers, he is well on his way back to having a respectable collection. Much of Keith's knowledge comes from personal experience and visiting with a host of orchid growers throughout the years. He enjoys the hunt for those rare and hard to find plants and gladly helps other hobbyists. 6767 Highway 29, Reidsville, North Carolina 27320 (e-mail [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":0,"end":1330,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"id":"ZXa_mhEAAJsvnfXI","type":"magazine","tags":[],"lang":"en-us","slug":"-","first_publication_date":"2023-12-11T08:02:01+0000","last_publication_date":"2023-12-11T08:02:01+0000","uid":"orchids-july-2009","link_type":"Document","key":"cae3a46d-84ac-4c10-9102-9a1fe698df90","isBroken":false},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Ghostly Pursuit","MetaDescription":"IN AUTUMN 1980, THIS MISPLACED bachelor cruised down one street after another. looking for yard sales in the uppercrust neighborhoods of Corpus Christi.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"aNvj5xAAACQA12--","uid":"caring-for-orchids-in-thegreenhouse","url":"/orchids/articles/caring-for-orchids-in-thegreenhouse","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22aNvj5xAAACQA12--%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2025-09-30T14:49:05+0000","last_publication_date":"2025-09-30T15:21:42+0000","slugs":["caring-for-orchids-in-the-greenhouse"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U_v094n10coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,107,300,190\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U","edit":{"x":0,"y":107,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U_v094n10coverphoto.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,114,300,177\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"aNqzWp5xUNkB1O-U","edit":{"x":0,"y":114,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V_v094n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V_v094n10coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"aNqzW55xUNkB1O-V","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Caring for Orchids in the Greenhouse","Author":"Gisela Utz","ArticleDate":null,"Summary":"Not every orchid species or hybrid can be grown everywhere or can be cultivated on a windowsill at home. In fact, the plants that thrive in our warm rooms only represent a very small part of the orchid family.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Not every orchid species or hybrid can be grown everywhere or can be cultivated on a windowsill at home. In fact, the plants that thrive in our warm rooms only represent a very small part of the orchid family. The different forms, their interesting way of life and their long shelf life make these plants so popular. Having your own greenhouse is the dream of every orchid fan, and it can accommodate plants under near ideal conditions. Light, humidity and protection from cold temperatures can be adapted to the plantsâ needs. The larger the cultivation space, the easier it is to maintain the desired cultivation conditions.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[1] The authorâs cool-growing greenhouse","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvf4J5xUNkB1RqD_image-greenhouse1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1045,"height":735},"id":"aNvf4J5xUNkB1RqD","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"A significant step towards an almost optimal climate for orchids in a greenhouse is achieved when the ground inside the greenhouse is lowered by about 20 inches (50 cm) at the planning stage. There are virtually n
998o limits to technical possibilities. But even the most ideal and automated greenhouse cannot replace the individual care of orchids.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"RETROSPECTIVE Europeans used to find it difficult to cultivate orchids. Attempts to provide a hot and humid jungle climate in greenhouses were with little success. It was not until 1830 that the cultivation of these enchanting exotic plants was no longer unusual and, fortunately, specimens are no longer taken from the wild for trade. The technical equipment of a year-round greenhouse is complex. The house must be provided with effective shading. Good heating is another prerequisite for optimum cultivation success.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[2] The authorâs warm-growing greenhouse.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvf1p5xUNkB1RqB_image-greenhouse2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1050,"height":664},"id":"aNvf1p5xUNkB1RqB","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TECHNOLOGY Heating circuits should be provided for each climate zone, each zone with night-lowering control. For ventilation, it is best to provide automatic forced ventilation or temperaturecontrolled window openers. The air is humidified via controlled spray nozzles or humidifiers, whereby the control must be carefully adjusted. Water is preferentially rainwater or treated tap water in large quantities. Additional lighting or at least lighting for monitoring the greenhouse in the evening is a costly matter, and all electrical systems must be safely installed by professionals. It is possible to automate everything, but it is expensive. Tables with wire mesh are suitable shelves for pots to ensure good air circulation around the plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"TEMPERATURES Over 100 years ago, it was realized that orchids require different climatic ranges depending on where they are found and their geographical altitude. However, it is impossible to imitate ideal conditions for each individual genus/species. Most orchids can adapt to unfamiliar environments. Knowing and maintaining the optimum temperature in the greenhouse is one of the basic requirements for healthy plants. Deciding on the appropriate temperature in the greenhouse is essentially based on knowledge of the natural habitat of the preferred plant species. Growth, flower and fruit development are highly dependent on the temperature. If the temperature is too low or too high, the plant will stop growing. Balanced temperature control forms the basis for healthy plant growth. Room and soil temperatures can be monitored using maximumâminimum or soil thermometers. The night temperature should drop significantly but not more than 50 F (10 C) and not less than 41 F (5 C). Plants suffer from cold draughts, so cool, flowing air should be avoided.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"In principle, orchids can be divided into three main temperature classes depending on their origin: warm-growing plants should be kept at a minimum temperature of 59 F (15 C) at night, the temperature for medium growing plants should not fall below 55 F (13 C), while cool-growing plants can tolerate night temperatures of up to 50 F (10 C). The variety of species makes for an exciting hobby.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"LIGHTING Well-lit plants must, with some exceptions, have bright green leaves. The yellow or dark brown coloration of the leaves can be a sign of insufficient lighting. Thin-leaved orchids growing on the ground (terrestrial orchids) require less light. They are accustomed to forest floors and the cover of a canopy of leaves. They can also cope with cooler temperatures. Orchids that grow on trees (epiphytes) require more light and somewhat higher temperatures for optimum results. Plants require a lot of fresh air or good air circulation. Most orchids thrive with twelve to fourteen hours of light on summer days and ten to twelve hours on winter days. A movable sunshade that regulates itself automatically would be ideal. Permanent shading that filters out about 60 percent of sunlight between mid-March and midOctober has proved effective, best if shading is mounted 8 to 12 inches (20â30 cm) above the greenhouse roof to allow for air flow. Diffused light is particularly good for orchids.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"WATERING AND SPRAYING Watering plants correctly takes more caution than watering ornamental plants. Too much water causes the roots to rot. Too little water will dry the roots, and leaves will fall off. The goal is to keep the substrate constantly moist, but never soggy â just like the
998ir rainforest habitats where they have evolved. Different orchid species have different water requirements. Rainwater is preferred and should be at room temperature. Outdoor weather conditions play a major role when watering plants in the greenhouse. Since the plants are kept on multiple levels, water inevitably drips onto the plants below when spraying or watering plants above. This does not affect mounted plants; however, plants in pots, which remain moist for a relatively long time, may receive too much water, especially if the substrate contains a water-retaining medium such as sphagnum or peat. It is therefore advisable to choose a very airy and well-permeable substrate. Galvanized steel grids allow air circulation up and down the shelves. An electric water pump with a spray wand or a pressure sprayer is ideal for small areas. Cultivating orchids in a greenhouse is easier than on a windowsill, as plants dry out much more quickly if water is accidentally spilled. Of course, ventilation is always necessary, possibly with fans.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"VENTILATION Optimal ventilation ensures good growth; ventilation flaps or at least one side window opening in the greenhouse is ideal. If days are too hot for your orchids, small fans below the plant level are sufficient, but make sure that they are not aimed directly at the plants or ventilated too intensively.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"HUMIDITY Orchids thrive best at a humidity of between 60 and 80 percent. Spraying plants and the floor or ground in the aisle during the summer months is a good way of increasing the humidity. The humidity in the greenhouse can be monitored with a simple humidity meter.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Fertilizer Application The composition of the fertilizer should be balanced and preferably contain many trace minerals. Fertilizer should be applied evenly during the growing season. Fertilizer in the water not to exceed 350 µS/cm, which should be checked often with a measuring device.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE COLD HOUSE This is where the former Odontoglossum species, their hybrids and many of the genera Masdevallia, some Maxillaria, Coelogyne, and representatives of other cold habitat genera are kept. Creating a cold house climate in summer is more problematic than creating a climate for a temperate or warm house. The old orchid growers had good cultivation success with their cold house. These successes were mainly based on the almost forgotten type of greenhouse, the earth house. In this type of house, a deep pit was dug, the side walls were walled off, and only the glass roof protruded from the ground. Constant moistening of the soil and good shading on sunny days resulted in a cool, humid atmosphere. The night temperatures should not exceed 61 F (16 C) during summer. In winter, temperatures as low as 45 F (7 C) are tolerated even at night, and the temperature should not exceed 55 F (13 C) during the day. These are only guided values; deviations do occur but should not go to extremes. The relative humidity should not fall below 80 percent in summer, but in winter, the greenhouse should be kept rather dry and not too humid. No precipitation should form on the plants. A cold greenhouse should also be equipped with a heating system.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[11] Oncidium (Odontoglossum) wyattianum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":13,"type":"em"},{"start":15,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":40,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfo55xUNkB1Rps_image-greenhouse11.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":505,"he
998ight":666},"id":"aNvfo55xUNkB1Rps","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"These epiphytic orchids are mainly native to the tropical mountainous regions of Central and South America. There they grow at altitudes of up to 11,500 feet (3,500 m). Because of their beautiful flowers, many former Odontoglosssum species have been used to breed to produce thousands of hybrids. The plants of this orchid genus thrive best in cool conditions, even in summer, ideally 72 F (22 C) during the day and 59 F (15 C) at night. In keeping with their origins in tropical cloud forests, they also require relatively high humidity and plenty of fresh air. During the growing season, the orchids should be kept evenly moist and sprayed frequently. In winter, the substrate should be allowed to dry out from time to time.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Masdevallias are a group of orchids that fascinate above all with their abstractly shaped yet beautiful flowers. Popular species are caudata, coriacea, exquisita, lineolata, veitchiana and various hybrids. Masdevallia are continuous bloomers that grow and thrive all year round without a break. A semishady to shady, cool location with the highest possible humidity is ideal. A breath of fresh air is always welcome. The plants should be kept at temperatures of 50 to 59 F (10â15 C) over the winter. Masdevallia prefer substrates that are kept evenly moist. Roots of this genus are very sensitive to salt, so it is advisable to water with rainwater or mix tap water with demineralized water (max. 350 μS/cm). With temperatures above 77 F (25 C), Masdevallia can be sprayed carefully with a spray bottle â but caution, if the temperature is too low and the humidity too high, it tends to develop fungal infestation on and in the leaves. Coelogyne can be elegant, ornamental or large-flowered; they are sought-after collectorâs orchids. Most species are white or at least light colored. The distribution area of Coelogyne cristata stretches from the western to the eastern Himalayas via Assam and Sikkim in northeast India, Nepal, Bhutan and Java. The plants grow there at an altitude of 4,900 to 8,500 feet (1,500â2,600 m) under cool to cold conditions. In their natural habitat, the plants are exposed to monsoon rain for a large part of the year, while the rest of the time there is no rainfall, but very high humidity caused by fog.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[19] Masdevallia exquisita","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfh55xUNkB1Rpd_image-greenhouse19.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":514,"height":660},"id":"aNvfh55xUNkB1Rpd","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[20] Masdevallia coriacea","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfhJ5xUNkB1Rpb_image-greenhouse20.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":661},"id":"aNvfhJ5xUNkB1Rpb","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[22] Masdevallia caudata","spans":[{"start":5,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvffZ5xUNkB1RpW_image-greenhouse22.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1045,"height":1057},"id":"aNvffZ5xUNkB1RpW","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[8] Coelogyne cristata grows in the authorâs cool-house.","spans":[{"start":4,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvftZ5xUNkB1Rp4_image-greenhouse8.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1045,"height":693},"id":"aNvftZ5xUNkB1Rp4","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Due to their wide distribution, there are Coelogyne species that require very cool conditions, especially for Coel. cristata and Coelogyne corymbosa. Both species are native to the Himalayan regi
998on, where they grow at altitudes up to 8,200 feet (2,500 m). During their growth in summer, the plants require regular watering. During the dormant period in winter, watering is virtually discontinued, even if the bulbs shrink a little. Dendrobium cuthbertsonii and Dendrobium (cuthbertsonii à sulawesiense) â the former is orchid that grows epiphytically at 2,460 to 11,500 feet (750â3,500 m) on mossy rocks near streams in New Guinea â grow and bloom in cool to cold conditions with high humidity and good air circulation. Regular watering and weekly fertilization throughout the year will result in a single flower on the terminal to axillary inflorescence. Temperature conditions are between 50 and 68 F (10â20 C) during the day and 41 F (5 C) at night, which are not easy to achieve â especially in summer. The hybrid is easier to cultivate.","spans":[{"start":42,"end":51,"type":"em"},{"start":110,"end":124,"type":"em"},{"start":129,"end":148,"type":"em"},{"start":432,"end":456,"type":"em"},{"start":461,"end":471,"type":"em"},{"start":473,"end":486,"type":"em"},{"start":489,"end":501,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[14] Dendrobium mohlianum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfmJ5xUNkB1Rpn_image-greenhouse14.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1050,"height":688},"id":"aNvfmJ5xUNkB1Rpn","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[18] Dendrobium cuthbertsonii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":29,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfip5xUNkB1Rpf_image-greenhouse18.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":507,"height":499},"id":"aNvfip5xUNkB1Rpf","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[7] Coelogyne corymbosa","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfup5xUNkB1Rp5_image-greenhouse7.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1045,"height":679},"id":"aNvfup5xUNkB1Rp5","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE TEMPERATE HOUSE Oncidium, Paphiopedilum and Dendrobium species, including their hybrids, grow in the temperate house. Cattleyas and their hybrids also thrive there â with a few exceptions. Brassia and some Vanda feel at home in a temperate environment. The temperatures should be maintained as follows: In summer 64 to 72 F (18â21 C) during the days and 64 F (18 C) at night; in winter 61 to 64 F (16â18 C) during the day and 55 to 61 F (13â16 C) at night. These are only guidelines; deviations always occur, but they should not be extremely cold, especially in winter. For cattleyas and some other genera, it is important to maintain a dayânight differential of 10 F (~5 C) during the growth phase for the plant to flower. Unfortunately, this is very often ignored, and the lack of flower formation is then blamed on other causes. Particularly important is to ensure good air humidification during the warm season. Intensive air circulation prevents the plant from burning in the heat buildup, prevents root diseases and limits the formation of algae on the substrate.","spans":[{"start":20,"end":28,"type":"em"},{"start":30,"end":43,"type":"em"},{"start":48,"end":58,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[15] Vanda sauvis (Semialba form)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvflJ5xUNkB1Rpk_image-greenhouse15.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":513,"height":685},"id":"aNvflJ5xUNkB1Rpk","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[16] A typical color form of V. sauvis.","spans":[{"start":29,"end":38,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfkZ5xUNkB1Rpj_image-greenhouse16.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":505,"he
998ight":678},"id":"aNvfkZ5xUNkB1Rpj","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] The authorâs Brassia Rex grows in her warm house.","spans":[{"start":17,"end":24,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfzp5xUNkB1Rp-_image-greenhouse3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":760},"id":"aNvfzp5xUNkB1Rp-","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Comparettia is native to tropical Central America and, in keeping with their origin, they prefer constant temperature conditions. The plants do not tolerate very dry conditions, so even moisture of the substrate and 70% humidity is appropriate. After flowering, there is a short resting period with reduced watering until new shoots appear. Cultivation is not easy, as the plants are very sensitive to too much or too little water.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[9] Comparettia falcata","spans":[{"start":4,"end":23,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfsJ5xUNkB1Rp1_image-greenhouse9.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1051,"height":745},"id":"aNvfsJ5xUNkB1Rp1","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[6] Brassia verrucosa","spans":[{"start":4,"end":21,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfxJ5xUNkB1Rp6_image-greenhouse6.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1044,"height":808},"id":"aNvfxJ5xUNkB1Rp6","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Brassia was named after the explorer and plant collector William Brass. The epiphytic species are all native to tropical America from South Florida to Mexico and Brazil. This genus is also known as the spider orchid with its very long and narrow petals and sepals that look like spider legs. The pleasantly fragrant flowers, especially at midday, form a loose-flowered cluster. Plants should be watered abundantly from spring to fall. They also need plenty of light and good air circulation but not be exposed to the full sun. The room should be kept at a moderate temperature during this time. At the end of the growing season, watering should be slowly reduced to allow the bulbs to mature. During the dormant period, the plants should be kept somewhat cooler and drier. To ensure beautiful flowers next year, avoid early budding in winter.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] Rodrettia Fiesta","spans":[{"start":4,"end":13,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfyp5xUNkB1Rp9_image-greenhouse4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":511,"height":669},"id":"aNvfyp5xUNkB1Rp9","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dendrobium, an epiphytically growing, relatively large genus, is also indicated by its name, namely: living on trees. The distribution area covers South Asia and Australia. The occurrences are distributed from the warm tropical sea level to the cool mountain tops. There are species with evergreen, permanent leaves and species that shed their leaves annually, usually during the dry season. The inflorescences often form magnificent racemes with attractive flowers. Many species require temperate conditions. Water abundantly during the growing season. During this time, they also tolerate plenty of light, high humidity and even a lot of heat. When the new shoots are fully grown, they need to be kept cooler for a month and kept almost completely dry. The flowers will develop properly if they are kept warm again and watered generously. After flowering, a new growth period begins.","spans":[{"start":0,"end":10,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[10] Dendrobium bellatulum","spans":[{"start":5,"end":26,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfqp5xUNkB1Rpt_image-greenhouse10.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1041,"height":709},"id":"aNvfqp5xUNkB1Rpt","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[17] Dendrobium victoriae-reginae","spans":[{"start":5,"end":33,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfjZ5xUNkB1Rpi_image-greenhouse17.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":510,"height":496},"id":"aNvfjZ5xUNkB1Rpi","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Oncidium grows in all cultural spaces and can be cultivated in greenhouses as well. Species such as Oncidium cheirophorum and Oncidium sotoanum (long erroneously called Oncidium ornithorhynchum) are compact-growing plants and can be cultivated together. The distribution of Onc. cheirophorum extends from Nicaragua to Costa Rica to Colombia. One or two multiflowered inflorescences with usually over 30 flowers appear from the bracts of each shoot. The fragrant, golden-yellow flowers last for four to six weeks. Oncidium sotoanum is widespread and a popular species among enthusiasts. Its habitat ranges from C
998osta Rica to Mexico. Usually, two inflorescences appear per new shoot. They can grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) high, hang downwards and are densely multiflowered. The flowers are very fragrant and have a beautiful, light purple to rose-red color. Both plants prefer a bright, temperate location. The optimum temperature is 64 to 77 F (18â25 C), dropping to 59â68 F (15â20 C) at night. Winter temperatures should be 64 F (18 C) during the day and 59 F (15 C) at night. In summer, when a new shoot is growing, the substrate should always be kept moist but must not be waterlogged. Therefore, water it well and allow the water to run off. In winter and after flowering, the plant requires a rest. Water enough to prevent the bulbs from shrinking too much. During the growth phase from March to October, fertilize only lightly every 14 days, as the roots of Oncidium are quite sensitive. Fertilization is suspended during the low-light period (November to February).","spans":[{"start":100,"end":121,"type":"em"},{"start":126,"end":143,"type":"em"},{"start":169,"end":177,"type":"em"},{"start":178,"end":193,"type":"em"},{"start":274,"end":291,"type":"em"},{"start":513,"end":530,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[21] Oncidium tenuoides (Odontoglossum tenue)","spans":[{"start":5,"end":23,"type":"em"},{"start":25,"end":44,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfgJ5xUNkB1RpZ_image-greenhouse21.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":510,"height":490},"id":"aNvfgJ5xUNkB1RpZ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The genus Gomesa is largely a former Oncidium genus, and Gomesa concolor (syn. Onc. concolor) is particularly pretty. The species grows in the Organ Mountains in Brazil at altitudes of about 3,280 feet (1,000 m). The loose-flowered inflorescence, which arises from the base of the bulb, is usually pendulous and bears six to 12 bright lemon-to-golden yellow flowers that last for up to three weeks. Paphiopedilum are easy to cultivate in the greenhouse. The characteristic shoe-shape of the lip is fascinating and striking so this genus can be clearly recognized as a ladyâs slipper.","spans":[{"start":10,"end":16,"type":"em"},{"start":57,"end":72,"type":"em"},{"start":79,"end":82,"type":"em"},{"start":84,"end":92,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[12] Paphiopedilum wardii","spans":[{"start":5,"end":25,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfn55xUNkB1Rpq_image-greenhouse12.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":1042,"height":778},"id":"aNvfn55xUNkB1Rpq","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The occurrence of Paphiopedilum or ladyâs slipper orchids is limited to Southeast Asia, where they colonize almost exclusively in shady locations without direct sunlight on mossy limestone rocks at altitudes of 1,000 to 5,250 feet (300â1,600 m). The habitat conditions are generally in the temperate range. However, some species also grow at higher altitudes under cooler conditions. As terrestrial orchids, ladyâs slippers do not like direct sunlight, only partial shade. Paphiopedilum must always be kept evenly moist so that the roots remain active and the plant can develop optimally. The ladyâs slipper orchid is very sensitive to water in the leaf axils. For this reason, it is preferable to immerse the pot in water, rather than water from above. Fertilize only from spring to autumn. Always use orchid fertilizer and, as a tip, use half the recommended concentration.","spans":[{"start":18,"end":31,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"THE WARM HOUSE The warm house allows the greenhouse owner to take a daily trip to tropical realm. Palms, ficus, carnivorous plants, tropical orchids and bromeliads transport plant lovers to another world. Genera such as Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium bigibbum (syn. Den. phalaenopsis) hybrids,
998Catasetum, Calanthe (there are also cold-growers) and special ones, such as Aerides, Aerangis and Angraecum, Vanda and its hybrids and Rhynchostylis can be cultivated. Although relatively few genera are suitable for the warm house, there is always something in bloom, making it the corner with the most flowers. The humidity must be kept high and requires the use of very good humidification equipment. The recommended temperatures in summer are 70 to 80 F (21â27 C) during the day and around 70 F (21 C) at night and in winter 70 F (21 C) during the day and 64 F (18 C) at night. Vanda species are distributed in tropical Asia from India and China via Indonesia to New Guinea and the Philippines. The plants hang on tree tops and form strong, long âaerialâ roots to find sufficient nutrients and moisture. They need a warm location, which can be somewhat cooler during the dormant season. All species need plenty of light and fresh air, with sufficient humidity through frequent spraying and regular watering. Most Vanda species are relatively easy orchids to care for in the greenhouse. Phalaenopsis species are only found at altitudes of 650 to 1,300 feet (200â400 m) in the Asian tropics and therefore require extremely w
998arm conditions. Some species, such as Phalaenopsis schilleriana, have marbled leaves. They love shady locations, high temperatures and high humidity. When watering, be sure no water remains at the tip of the shoot, as this can lead to rotting of the new leaf. Phalaenopsis grow quickly and do not have pseudobulbs to store nutrients so need to be fertilized regularly. It is best to add a fertilizer to the irrigation water every two weeks according to the instructions. Dendrobium bigibbum (syn. Den. phalaenopsis) originates from New Guinea and northern Australia. The plants like warmth in the summer with temperatures between 68 and 82 F (20â 28 C). Place this beauty in a bright spot, but it can also cope with a semishaded location. The humidity should be between 40 and 60 %. In the fall, there should be a temperature difference of around 10 F (~5 C) between day and night. In winter, the temperature should not fall below 64 F (18 C) but should be kept at a constant 68 (20 C). Even in winter, it needs light in a partially shaded location. Water only when the substrate is completely dry. Fertilizer is added to the water every two or three weeks during the growth and flowering period. In winter and after flowering, it does not need any additional nutrients. Dendrobium bigibbum have very sensitive roots, so fertilizer should be applied at half the manufacturerâs recommended strength. The flowering period begins in the fall and continues into the spring. Many specimens can flower for several months.","spans":[{"start":220,"end":232,"type":"em"},{"start":234,"end":253,"type":"em"},{"start":260,"end":277,"type":"em"},{"start":288,"end":297,"type":"em"},{"start":299,"end":307,"type":"em"},{"start":364,"end":371,"type":"em"},{"start":373,"end":381,"type":"em"},{"start":386,"end":395,"type":"em"},{"start":397,"end":402,"type":"em"},{"start":869,"end":874,"type":"em"},{"start":1304,"end":1309,"type":"em"},{"start":1551,"end":1576,"type":"em"},{"start":1773,"end":1785,"type":"em"},{"start":1984,"end":2003,"type":"em"},{"start":2010,"end":2027,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[13] Vanda denisoniana","spans":[{"start":5,"end":22,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfm55xUNkB1Rpo_image-greenhouse13.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":502,"height":801},"id":"aNvfm55xUNkB1Rpo","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[5] Aerides rosea","spans":[{"start":4,"end":17,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfx55xUNkB1Rp7_image-greenhouse5.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":504,"height":661},"id":"aNvfx55xUNkB1Rp7","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[23] Vanda coerulea","spans":[{"start":5,"end":19,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/aNvfdZ5xUNkB1RpQ_image-greenhouse23.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":508,"height":328},"id":"aNvfdZ5xUNkB1RpQ","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Aerides are monopodial epiphytes that live on trees. Their habitat ranges from Thailand and Myanmar to Laos and Vietnam and into the Philippines. Aerides species are best cultivated in lattice baskets, on cork bark, or on tree fern slabs to give their strong, proliferating aerial roots free space. They need constantly warm, moist and airy growing conditions. In winter, a temperate, not too dry location is sufficient. Happy growing!","spans":[{"start":0,"end":8,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Reference","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Plants of the World Online. 2025. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/. Accessed January 6, 2025","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"â Gisela Utz has been growing orchids for many years. The photographs included here of her greenhouse and orchid collection are a small sample of the diversity of her collection (email [email protected]).","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Caring for Orchids in the Greenhouse","MetaDescription":"Not every orchid species or hybrid can be grown everywhere or can be cultivated on a windowsill at home. In fact, the plants that thrive in our warm rooms only represent a very small part of the orchid family.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}},{"id":"agqjzRAAAB8A-0IS","uid":"heating-a-small-greenhouse-in-southern-maine","url":"/orchids/articles/heating-a-small-greenhouse-in-southern-maine","type":"FeaturedArticle","href":"https://aosweb.cdn.prismic.io/api/v2/documents/search?ref=
998arwzChEAACgAAeJs\u0026q=%5B%5B%3Ad+%3D+at%28document.id%2C+%22agqjzRAAAB8A-0IS%22%29+%5D%5D","tags":[],"first_publication_date":"2026-05-18T16:08:37+0000","last_publication_date":"2026-05-18T16:08:37+0000","slugs":["heating-a-small-greenhouse-in-southern-maine"],"linked_documents":[],"lang":"en-us","alternate_languages":[],"data":{"FeaturedThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":497},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,15,398,252\u0026w=784\u0026h=497","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":15,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":537,"height":316},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,24,398,234\u0026w=537\u0026h=316","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":24,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"StdThumb":{"dimensions":{"width":375,"height":270},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=3,0,392,282\u0026w=375\u0026h=270","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":3,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"},"mobile":{"dimensions":{"width":539,"height":302},"alt":null,"copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/afB8rcBOoF08xXTw_v095n05coverthumb.jpg?auto=format,compress\u0026rect=0,30,398,223\u0026w=539\u0026h=302","id":"afB8rcBOoF08xXTw","edit":{"x":0,"y":30,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"Heading":"Heating a Small Greenhouse in Southern Maine","Author":"David Sparks","ArticleDate":null,"Summary":"As a plant lover for almost my entire 70+ years, I have accumulated several hundred houseplants, orchids and carnivorous plants.","BodyContent":[{"type":"paragraph","text":"As a plant lover for almost my entire 70+ years, I have accumulated several hundred houseplants, orchids and carnivorous plants. During the fall, winter and spring, they lived inside on the windowsills,","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"hanging hooks and a year-round porch, and then most were moved outside to the yard for the summer. As the collection continued to grow, they not only outgrew the inside, but the process of watering and transferring them in and out became unmanageable. About eight years ago, I decided to invest in a stand-alone greenhouse and purchased an 8-foot à 12-foot (2.44 m à 3.66m) cedar-and-double-polycarbonate model from a local supplier. After preparing a sand pad and a concrete block base with a pressure-treated frame, the site was ready for the greenhouse. I have since expanded it with a 4-foot à 8-foot (1.22 m à 2.44 m) addition.\n\n[1â2] The exterior of the authorâs extremely well-insulated greenhouse.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqpBKYofJOwHT33_howigrow1.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":784,"height":1080},"id":"agqpBKYofJOwHT33","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqpA6YofJOwHT32_howigrow2.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":450,"height":418},"id":"agqpA6YofJOwHT32","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nThe cedar walls of the greenhouse are 30 inches (76.2 cm) high, to which I have added 4-inch (10.2 cm) thick, rigid Styrofoam insulation, as well as a layer of plexiglass over the side windows with a 2-inch (5.1 cm) air space between the plexiglass and the outside glazing. The greenhouse is situated so the back wall faces the northeast, which I later covered with 2-inch (5.1cm) thick Styrofoam insulation.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[3] Interior view of the greenhouse showing the 5-gallon (19 l) buckets used for water storage to create a heat reservoir.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqpAqYofJOwHT31_howigrow3.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":217,"height":289},"id":"agqpAqYofJOwHT31","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nTo help stabilize the temperature year-round, I filled 5-gallon (18.9 l) buckets, two high and two deep, with water under the benches. Three small corner fans facing the center and a larger south-facing oscillating fan mounted near the top of the north end run continuously night and day.\n\nDuring warmer weather, the door is left open with a screen door closed to keep out unwelcome creatures. I do n
998ot use shade cloth on the roof, as a few deciduous trees provide shade. I use a hose to water during the summer, and a battery-operated sprayer in the winter.\n","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"[4] A small portion of the authorâs very happy plants.","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"image","url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/agqpAqYofJOwHT30_howigrow4.jpg?auto=format,compress","alt":null,"copyright":null,"dimensions":{"width":219,"height":291},"id":"agqpAqYofJOwHT30","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}},{"type":"paragraph","text":"\nIn the winter, temperatures here can reach the -20s F (\u003c-28.9 C). I use two fan-operated, 900-watt electric heaters in the center of the floor, one facing north and one facing south. They are on separate circuits controlled by a digital Inkbird thermostat to keep the temperature no cooler than 50 F (10 C). I also use a Tempstick alarm which will notify me if the greenhouse gets cooler than 49 F (9.4 C) or","spans":[],"direction":"ltr"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"over 100 F (37.8 C). In case of power loss, a portable battery-started generator and a small My Buddy portable propane heater fueled with camping-size cylinders can be used as back up heat.\n\nWith this setup, my total cost for the coldest winter has been under $600.00. With the cost of electricity here being around $0.29/kWh, the roughly 400 mounted and potted plants have cost about $1.50 each to keep safe and warm for the season.\n\nThis system works well for me, but there is a downside. Someone must be close by during the coldest part of winter in case of power loss. Luckily, we are not snowbirds, and we do have close neighbors and family who can be here if needed for short periods.\n\nâ David Sparks (email [email protected]).","spans":[{"start":691,"end":737,"type":"em"}],"direction":"ltr"}],"Keywords":null,"MagazineIssue":{"link_type":"Document"},"Categories":[{"Category":{"link_type":"Document"}}],"MetaTitle":"Heating a Small Greenhouse in Southern Maine","MetaDescription":"As a plant lover for almost my entire 70+ years, I have accumulated several hundred houseplants, orchids and carnivorous plants.","CanonicalLink":null,"MetaImage":{},"MetaRobots":"...","IncludeInSitemap":true,"ParentPage":{"link_type":"Document"}}}]},{"variation":"default","version":"initial","items":[{}],"primary":{"Title":"Latest Orchid Awards from OrchidPro","Description":"Click an image to see the full picture, plant name, and award details.","CtaButtonText":"View All","CtaButtonLink":{"link_type":"Web","key":"6b7ec89c-7f60-4f21-aa1b-484d4df838af","url":"https://op.aos.org/"},"BgImage":{"dimensions":{"width":1920,"height":811},"alt":"Section Background Pattern","copyright":null,"url":"https://images.prismic.io/aosweb/d32c882e-ef5c-4479-a84a-b8a8ebd01c5e_section-bg-pattern.png?auto=compress,format","id":"ZIheaxUAACoA8y4I","edit":{"x":0,"y":0,"zoom":1,"background":"transparent"}}},"id":"award_gallery$f89525e1-85d7-4241-813d-3987d3e6c9f6","slice_type":"award_gallery","slice_label":null,"Awards":[{"AwardNumber":20262565,"Description":"An artistic 30-inch x 96-inch tabletop dis
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flower base color chartreuse; dorsal sepal broadly ovate,apically acuminate, heavily overlaid dark burgundy; lateral sepals broadly ovate, folded up, fused apically, heavily spotted dark burgundy; petals lanceolate, heavily overlaid dark burgundy, margins ruffled; lip articulate, overlaid dark burgundy, raised keels; column overlaid burgundy, anther cap yellow; substance hard; texture matte.","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920-3_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262920-3.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eBulbophyllum\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Smallfoot 'Krull-Smith' AM/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eBulbophyllum\u0026nbsp;phalaenopsis\u003c/i\u003e","Parent2FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eBulbophyllum\u0026nbsp;agastor\u003c/i\u003e"},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121103"},{"AwardNumber":20262921,"Description":"Nine round, slightly cupped flowers on one lateral inflorescence; flower white, sepals and petals overlaid deep purple; sepals and
998 petals oval-acuminate, heavily tessellated; lip side lobes porrect, orbicular, cupped, midlobe oblong, porrect, intensely purple, appear almost black, five ridges basally, light lavender; anther cap cream; substance medium, texture slightly waxy.","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262921-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262921_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262921-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262921.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eVanda\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Somsri Glory 'Katrina Ann' HCC/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eVanda\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Somsri Blue Classic","Parent2FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eVanda\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Fuchs Delight"},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121104"},{"AwardNumber":20262922,"Description":"Two stately flowers on one staked inflorescence; 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flower base color chartreuse; dorsal sepal deltoid, speckled deep burgundy, coalesced proximally, apically acuminate; lateral sepals deltoid, folded forward, fused, apically split, spotted burgundy; petals broadly lanceolate, proximal half heavily overlaid burgundy, distal half centrally speckled burgundy, margins burnt orange, stippled burgundy, ruffled; lip hinged, curved, stippled burgundy, two central keels, margins upturned; column yellow, blushed burgundy, anther cap yellow; substance hard; texture satiny, dorsal sepal velvety, crystalline sheen.","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-3_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-4_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-5_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-3.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-4.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262923-5.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eBulbophyllum\u0026nbsp;macrobulbum\u003c/i\u003e 'Krull's Ruby' AM/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":null,"Parent2FormattedName":null},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121114"},{"AwardNumber":20262925,"Description":"Six flowers on one 18-cm inflorescence and one immature inflorescence with five buds; 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998,{"AwardNumber":20262927,"Description":"Eleven stellate flowers on one staked, upright inflorescence; flower base color pale green; sepals and petals elliptic, heavily overlaid magenta, margins undulate, apices reflexed; lip spathulate, white, heavily overlaid rose-magenta, margins ruffled; column white, suffused light rose magenta, anther cap white; substance firm; texture glossy. ","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-3_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-4_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-3.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262927-4.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eLaeliocattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Eduardo Andrade 'Katrina Again' AM/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eCattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Chamberlainiana (1881)","Parent2FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eLaeliocattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mi Morena"},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121120"},{"AwardNumber":20262928,"Description":"Five well-arranged, slightly cupped flowers on one 15-cm inflorescence; sepals broadly lanceolate, margins slightly undulate, chartreuse, overlaid dark yellow, speckled and spotted burgundy; petals broadly spatulate, margins undulate, dark yellow, speckled and spotted burgundy, fine burgundy venation; lip midlobe spade-shaped, descending, finely ruffled, deep red, fine white picotee, side lobes enclose column, light fuchsia; column cream, anther cap pink; substance firm; texture matte, lip velvety.","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928-3_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262928-3.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eCattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Prince Mark 'Krull's Stunner' AM/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eCattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mark Jones","Parent2FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eCattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Princesse Clémentine"},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121121"},{"AwardNumber":20262929,"Description":"Seven flowers on a cut inflorescence; sepals and petals lanceolate, deep red-maroon, margins strongly undulate; lip trilobed, medium purple faded to white basally, midlobe ungulate, side lobes triangulate, gently clasping column; column white, anther cap white, slightly blushed lavender dorsally; substance waxy, lip finely crystalline; texture hard.","ThumbnailUrls":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929-2_thumb.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929-3_thumb.jpg"],"PhotoUrl":["https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929-2.jpg","https://secure.aos.org/AQapp_Images/Low_Res/AQI_20260920/20262929-3.jpg"],"FullAwardName":"\u003ci\u003eLaeliocattleya\u003c/i\u003e\u0026nbsp;Maritza Segovia 'Keller Reid' HCC/AOS","HybridParents":{"Parent1FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eCattleya\u0026nbsp;dowiana\u003c/i\u003e","Parent2FormattedName":"\u003ci\u003eLaelia\u0026nbsp;splendida\u003c/i\u003e"},"AwardProfileURL":"https://op.aos.org/AwardProfile/Summary/121122"},{"AwardNumber":20262930,"Description":"Forty-seven flowers on three horizontal inflorescences; 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sparsely stippled maroon, heavier apically; lip chartreuse centrally, brushed lavender; anther cap purple; substance firm; texture matte. 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Eugenio MarÃa de Hostos, Mayagüez, PR 00680.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":419,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2025\"","DateRange":"September 12 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Ralph Belk \u0026 Peggy Wesp","ContactPhone":"704-619-7152","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"JC Raulston Arboretum, 4415 Beryl Rd, Raleigh, NC 27606","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3236.2192004232547!2d-78.70252062420724!3d35.79455167255095!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89acf5ca9b046e95%3A0x28a478c8bab52c30!2sJC%20Raulston%20Arboretum!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748879623168!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2025\" is being held September 12 - 14, 2025 at the JC Raulston Arboretum, 4415 Beryl Rd, Raleigh, NC 27606.\n\nJudging is being held on September 12, 2025 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1PM-6PM\nSat: 10AM-6PM\nSun: 10AM-3PM\n","StartDate":"09/12/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2025\" is being held September 12 - 14, 2025 at the JC Raulston Arboretum, 4415 Beryl Rd, Raleigh, NC 27606.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":322,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\"","DateRange":"September 13 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Richard Odders","ContactPhone":"262-632-3008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2916.712585119058!2d-87.94852312385609!3d43.02643647113878!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88051a3b9067b207%3A0xacf13ad0984f6ec4!2sMitchell%20Park%20Domes%20Horticulture%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1715883106537!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\" is being held September 13 - 14, 2025 at the Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215.\n\nJudging is being held on September 13, 2025 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times: 9AM - 4PM both days.","StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\" is being held September 13 - 14, 2025 at the Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":403,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Jungleâ ","DateRange":"September 13 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Keith Emig","ContactPhone":"863-221-3172","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"United Womenâs Club of Lakeland, 1515 Williamsburg Square, Lakeland, FL 33803","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3522.6406523717774!2d-81.93583172452198!3d28.004888576013364!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dd3edd37186ab9%3A0x89e18b028bb9fbc9!2sUnited%20Women\u0026#39;s%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745944807365!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Jungleâ is being held September 13- 14, 2025 at the United Womenâs Club of Lakeland, 1515 Williamsburg Square, Lakeland, FL 33803.\n\nJudging is being held on September 13, 2025 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Jungleâ is being held September 13- 14, 2025 at the United Womenâs Club of Lakeland, 1515 Williamsburg Square, Lakeland, FL 33803.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":415,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Denver Orchid Societyâs âOrchids with Altitude\"","DateRange":"September 13 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Keith Funk","ContactPhone":"303-478-5080","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3070.6772817246265!2d-104.81381522402526!3d39.67947347156761!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x876c882874aacf45%3A0x87018f0f2cd1b633!2sNick\u0026#39;s%20Garden%20Center%20%26%20Farm%20Market!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748025553662!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Denver Orchid Society's \"Orchids with Altitude\" will be held on September 13 - 14, 2025 at the Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014.\n\nJudging is being held on September 13, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Denver Orchid Society's \"Orchids with Altitude\" will be held on September 13 - 14, 2025 at the Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":454,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia \"XXII Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas\"","DateRange":"September 14 - 21, 2025","ContactName":"Julie Jordan","ContactPhone":"+573102279596","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico de Bogota, Avenida Calle 63 #68-95, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d63625.305282052526!2d-74.16739384179688!3d4.6684395000000025!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8e3f9b0aae1c2f2b%3A0x364e374c2bd861a8!2sJard%C3%ADn%20Bot%C3%A1nico%20de%20Bogot%C3%A1%20Jos%C3%A9%20Celestino%20Mutis!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1754407288002!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia âXXII Exposicion Nacional de Orquideasâ is being held September 14-21, 2025 at Jardin Botanico de Bogota, Avenida Calle 63 #68-95, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia.\n\nJudging is being held on September 17, 2025 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-6pm","StartDate":"09/14/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia âXXII Exposicion Nacional de Orquideasâ is being held September 14-21, 2025 at Jardin Botanico de Bogota, Avenida Calle 63 #68-95, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia.","Country":"Colombia","StateProvince":"BOGOTA","EndDate":"09/21/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":268,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale","DateRange":"September 19 - 21, 2025","ContactName":"Jason Gebbia","ContactPhone":"301-633-1798","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Homestead Gardens, 734 West Central Ave, Davidsonville, Maryland, 21035","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3104.0223135609494!2d-76.62691738464892!3d38.92346747956651!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b7f2616564efef%3A0x6da8d5f13243ab3!2sHomestead%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1670447452840!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"National Capital Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held September 19 - 21, 2025 at the Homestead Gardens, 734 West Central Ave, Davidsonville, Maryland, 21035.\n\nJudging is being held on September 19, 2025 at 9:00am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1:30pm-5pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-3pm\n\n\n","StartDate":"09/19/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"National Capital Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held September 19 - 21, 2025 at the Homestead Gardens, 734 West Central Ave, Davidsonville, Maryland, 21035.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"09/21/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":414,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Alabama Orchid Society's 41st Show and Sale","DateRange":"September 19 - 21, 2025","ContactName":"Cindy Steele","ContactPhone":"205-492-2632","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Birmingham Botanical Gardens, 2612 Lane Park Rd, Birmingham, AL 35223","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3327.3713135844946!2d-86.77706182430738!3d33.49171527337319!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88891a290017ca4f%3A0x6dc9744c5015c848!2sBirmingham%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1747328653685!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Alabama Orchid Society's 41st Show and Sale is being held September 19 - 21, 2025 at the Birmingham Botanical Gardens, 2612 Lane Park Rd, Birmingham, AL 35223.\n\nJudging is being held on September 20, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 11am - 3pm","StartDate":"09/19/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Alabama Orchid Society's 41st Show and Sale is being held September 19 - 21, 2025 at the Birmingham Botanical Gardens, 2612 Lane Park Rd, Birmingham, AL 35223.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Alabama","EndDate":"09/21/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":398,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show","DateRange":"September 27 - 28, 2025","ContactName":"Elena Miranda","ContactPhone":"726-230-5213","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"San Antonio Garden Center, 3310 N New Braunfels Ave San Antonio, TX 78209","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3473.997823909342!2d-98.4629412244685!3d29.458073875224027!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x865cf5bdbe22343f%3A0x1ce55a6d5b244272!2sSan%20Antonio%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1744044435587!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show is being held September 27-28, 2025 at the San Antonio Garden Center 3310 N New Braunfels Ave\nSan Antonio, TX 78209.\n\nJudging is being held on September 26, 2025 at 7:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm\n","StartDate":"09/27/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show is being held September 27-28, 2025 at the San Antonio Garden Center 3310 N New Braunfels Ave\nSan Antonio, TX 78209.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/28/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":399,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ","DateRange":"September 27 - 28, 2025","ContactName":"David Tognalli","ContactPhone":"860-299-5647","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bristol Senior Community Center, 240 Stafford Avenue, Bristol, CT 06010","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2979.711465975264!2d-72.90336612392532!3d41.683574471263874!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e7ba799f9e18e9%3A0x72d6378eb68343b3!2sBristol%20Senior%20Community%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1744737309415!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ is being held September 27 - 28, 2025 at the Bristol Senior Community Center, 240 Stafford Avenue, Bristol, CT 06010.\n\nJudging is being held on September 27, 2025 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: noon-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm\n","StartDate":"09/27/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ is being held September 27 - 28, 2025 at the Bristol Senior Community Center, 240 Stafford Avenue, Bristol, CT 06010.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Connecticut","EndDate":"09/28/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":401,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\"","DateRange":"October 1 - 12, 2025","ContactName":"Gordon Wolf","ContactPhone":"209-999-0181","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fresno Fair Grounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d6395.30501214341!2d-119.75564385535024!3d36.73090603906744!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80945f19cff0cc09%3A0xbb4db4b8e4e67849!2sFresno%20Fairgrounds%20North%20Entrance!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745344720417!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\" is being held October 1- 12,2025 at the Fresno Fair Grounds,1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.\n\nJudging is being held on October 5, 2025 at 10:00 AM.\n\n","StartDate":"10/01/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\" is being held October 1-12,2025 at the Fresno Fair Grounds,1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/12/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":428,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2025â","DateRange":"October 3 - 5, 2025","ContactName":"Paul Chavarriaga","ContactPhone":"+57 3164139261","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3982.4704132570137!2d-76.51437982502738!3d3.4778397964965384!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8e30a78b950c0519%3A0x879d246c4f7a685e!2sOrquideorama!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1716911727006!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2025â is being held October 3 - 5, 2025 at Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia.\n\nJudging is being held on October 2, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9AM - 6PM","StartDate":"10/03/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2025â is being held October 3 - 5, 2025 at Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia.","Country":"Colombia","StateProvince":"Valle","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":392,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Acadian Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"October 4 - 5, 2025","ContactName":"Eddie Dupuy","ContactPhone":"337-445-9252","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d55165.96863466855!2d-92.07628680040267!3d30.21217085864294!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sThe%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%2C%20Knights%20of%20Columbus%20Hall%2C%20111%20Goodnight%20Drive%2C%20Lafayette%2C%20LA%2070506.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743175298718!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Acadian Orchid Society Show is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503.\n\nJudging is being held on October 3, 2025 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-3pm","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Acadian Orchid Society Show is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":397,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250613/7efced99-3200-a7a0-879a-a2b3f8569a71.png","JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2025 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ ","DateRange":"October 4 - 5, 2025","ContactName":"Ronald Lang","ContactPhone":"951-663-5237","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3296.3534307838295!2d-116.40778772427325!3d34.29053637306808!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dad545267dfbc7%3A0xd4361ece3941f4ed!2sGubler%20Orchids%20Inc.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743690420682!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2025 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285.\n\nJudging is being held on October 4, 2025 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 10AM - 3PM","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2025 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":404,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Kansas Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 4, 2025","ContactName":"Sarah Pratt","ContactPhone":"316-655-0572","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Botanica, the Wichita Gardens, 701 Amidon ST, Wichita, KS 67203","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3156.989417741643!2d-97.36600172412014!3d37.696447572005226!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87bae16fc6bbd679%3A0xcec273723c51ad80!2sBotanica%2C%20The%20Wichita%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1722527870001!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Kansas Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 4, 2025 at the Botanica, the Wichita Gardens, 701 Amidon ST, Wichita, KS 67203.\n\nJudging is being held on October 3rd, 2025 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\n","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Kansas Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 4, 2025 at the Botanica, the Wichita Gardens, 701 Amidon ST, Wichita, KS 67203.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"10/04/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":448,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Tampa Orchid Club Expo","DateRange":"October 4 - 5, 2025","ContactName":"Cheryl Crilly","ContactPhone":"813-244-7564","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d4977.636751298809!2d-82.50965865070766!3d28.09406114985589!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sNorthdale%20Recreation%20Center%2C%2015510%20Hooting%20Owls%20Place%2C%20Tampa%2C%20FL%2033624!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753803506538!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tampa Orchid Club Expo is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624.\n\nJudging is being held on October 4, 2025 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 4PM\nSun: 10AM - 3PM\n","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tampa Orchid Club Expo is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":464,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Peninsula Orchid Societyâs âFalling for Orchidsâ","DateRange":"October 4- 5, 2025","ContactName":"Dennis Olivas","ContactPhone":"925-683-3609","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3163.670078483885!2d-122.31707942412743!3d37.53927377204558!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x808f9e551617e83f%3A0xde2bc80e0fd94563!2sSan%20Mateo%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756226468213!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Peninsula Orchid Societyâs âFalling for Orchids\" is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403.\n\nJudging is being held on October 4, at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 10AM - 4PM\n","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Peninsula Orchid Societyâs âFalling for Orchids\" is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"}
998,{"ID":479,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Northwest Orchid Society Annual Show","DateRange":"October 4 - 5, 2025","ContactName":"Thomas Bell-Games","ContactPhone":"614-557-3976","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2688.691747360194!2d-122.3183029236056!3d47.632122971192125!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x549014d87a80505b%3A0x2e320c0a5ee2113f!2sVolunteer%20Park%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758903607718!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Northwest Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112.\n\nJudging is being held on October 4, 2025 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am - 4pm","StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Northwest Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 4 - 5, 2025 at the Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Washington","EndDate":"10/05/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":370,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 11 - 12, 2025","ContactName":"Emily Quinn","ContactPhone":"214-578-8866","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Texas A\u0026M AgriLife, Water \u0026 Land Resources Building, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3346.6267417978847!2d-96.7691121848126!3d32.98724818090896!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x864c221e41b52fdf%3A0x64c4811f3a1c0973!2s17360%20Coit%20Rd%2C%20Dallas%2C%20TX%2075252!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1662673695072!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held Octoberl 11 - 12, 2025 at the Texas A\u0026M AgriLife, Water \u0026 Land Resources Building, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252.\n\nJudging is being held on October 10, 2025 at 6:30 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-3pm","StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held Octoberl 11 - 12, 2025 at the Texas A\u0026M AgriLife, Water \u0026 Land Resources Building, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"10/12/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":436,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2025 Show ","DateRange":"October 11 - 12, 2025","ContactName":"Robbi Shew","ContactPhone":"708-912-4599","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2958.0616996507565!2d-87.79188708455034!3d42.14896647920158!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880fc143349a54f9%3A0x9677f3eff3862a2b!2sChicago%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1601326564643!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2025 Show is being held October 11 - 12, 2025 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. \n\n Judging is being held on October 11, 2025 at 7 am CT. \n\nShow Times:\n10:00 am - 4:00 pm CT","StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2025 Show is being held October 11 - 12, 2025 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"10/12/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":395,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Kenya Orchid Society's âOrchids Through the Legends\"","DateRange":"October 15 - 19, 2025","ContactName":"Alexandra Kontos","ContactPhone":"+254-733-616-135","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sarit Expo Centre-Loita Hall, Karuna Road Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3988.8516101780538!2d36.79864037496553!3d-1.2612987987266888!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x182f176b6e9bd5e5%3A0xcd8fcd4811d8fc0f!2sThe%20Sarit%20Expo%20Centre!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743517884452!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Kenya Orchid Society's âOrchids Through the Legends\" is being held October 15 - 19, 2025 at the Sarit Expo Centre-Loita Hall, Karuna Road Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya.\n\nJudging is being held on October 15, 2025 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 6:30PM","StartDate":"10/15/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Kenya Orchid Society's âOrchids Through the Legends\" is being held October 15 - 19, 2025 at the Sarit Expo Centre-Loita Hall, Karuna Road Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya.","Country":"Kenya","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"10/19/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":451,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 16 - 18, 2025","ContactName":"Kathryn Collins","ContactPhone":"250-384-9139","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Our Lady of Fatima Hall, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2643.6980714540264!2d-123.38876422355605!3d48.500681371286!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x548f7217592bbc6f%3A0x76e2f2a0056e8c58!2sOur%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753891113588!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held October 16 - 18, 2025 at the Our Lady of Fatima Parish, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on October 17, 2025 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nThurs-Fri: 1pm-7pm\nSat: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"10/16/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held October 16 - 18, 2025 at the Our Lady of Fatima Parish, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":402,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"9th Annual Huntington International Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 17 - 19, 2025","ContactName":"Brandon Tam","ContactPhone":"626-405-3568","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3302.675935014251!2d-118.11709912428026!3d34.12904517312816!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80c2db4d02615c73%3A0xb328d70c295f1904!2sThe%20Huntington%20Library%2C%20Art%20Museum%2C%20and%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745346269220!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The 9th Annual Huntington International Orchid Show and Sale is being held October 17 - 19, 2025 at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108.\n\nJudging is being held on October 16, 2025 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 5PM","StartDate":"10/17/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The 9th Annual Huntington International Orchid Show and Sale is being held October 17 - 19, 2025 at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/19/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":417,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"October 17 - 18, 2025","ContactName":"Michael Rafferty","ContactPhone":"734-846-5588","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3109.2810416045413!2d-94.69491252406773!3d38.80311327174425!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87c0c7000d51d957%3A0xbd5f4437e60c1523!2sLongHouse%20Visitor%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748533998147!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ is being held October 17 - 18, 2025 at the Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013.\n\nJudging is being held on October 17, 2025 at 7:30am.\n\nShow Times:\n10/17: 9AM - 5PM\n10/18: 9AM - 4PM","StartDate":"10/17/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ is being held October 17 - 18, 2025 at the Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":437,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Redland International Orchid Festival","DateRange":"October 17 - 19, 2025","ContactName":"Jill Sidran","ContactPhone":"305-238-8762","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3600.0959574565077!2d-80.49632222460711!3d25.535180377494925!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9e7d3e72fa733%3A0x6b5a9692618a7675!2sFruit%20%26%20Spice%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1751984632496!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Redland International Orchid Festival is being held October 17 - 19, 2025 at the Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031.\n\nJudging is being held on October 16, 2025 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 5PM\n","StartDate":"10/17/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Redland International Orchid Festival is being held October 17 - 19, 2025 at the Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/19/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":412,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âVIII Ecuador 2025 Scientific Conference on Andean Orchidsâ","DateRange":"October 21 - 25, 2025","ContactName":"Jose Portilla","ContactPhone":"+593 99 308 9281","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Uzhupud Garden, km 32 via Cuenca-Paute, Sector La Higuera Chican, Ecuador 010606","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d510086.45322994614!2d-78.87939816207884!3d-2.80135470353439!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x91cd0f62569e62c3%3A0xff4a040a89a9d090!2sUzhupud%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1747245058945!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âVIII Ecuador 2025 Scientific Conference on Andean Orchidsâ is being held October 21 - 25, 2025 at Uzhupud Garden, km 32 via Cuenca-Paute, Sector La Higuera Chican, Ecuador 010606.\n\nJudging is being held on October 21, 2025 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8am-5pm\n","StartDate":"10/21/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âVIII Ecuador 2025 Scientific Conference on Andean Orchidsâ is being held October 21 - 25, 2025 at Uzhupud Garden,
998km 32 via Cuenca-Paute, Sector La Higuera Chican, Ecuador 010606.","Country":"Ecuador","StateProvince":"Chican","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":429,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Blue Ridge Orchid Society of VAâs âOrchids in the Blue Ridgeâ","DateRange":"October 24 - 25, 2025","ContactName":"Lillian Gillespie","ContactPhone":"434-610-6120","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Science Museum of Western Virginia,1 Market Square SE, Roanoke, VA 24011","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3174.995539448587!2d-79.94201182413993!3d37.271532872116616!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x884d0d95041afed9%3A0xff8a1191ab2086b8!2sScience%20Museum%20of%20Western%20Virginia!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1749837992095!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Blue Ridge Orchid Society of VAâs âOrchids in the Blue Ridgeâ is being held October 24 - 25, 2025 at the Science Museum of Western Virginia,1 Market Square SE, Roanoke, VA 24011.\n\nJudging is being held on October 24, 2025 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am - 5pm","StartDate":"10/24/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Blue Ridge Orchid Society of VAâs âOrchids in the Blue Ridgeâ is being held October 24 - 25, 2025 at the Science Museum of Western Virginia,1 Market Square SE, Roanoke, VA 24011.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Virginia","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":374,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Gainesville Orchid Society \"Orchids in the Garden\"","DateRange":"October 25, 2025","ContactName":"Joan MacLeod","ContactPhone":"352-665-2640","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, 4700 SW 58th Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3468.703076012173!2d-82.41112758489496!3d29.61231668204165!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e8bd2189f22379%3A0xee1c2eb0ac9733da!2sKanapaha%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1587758409230!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Gainesville Orchid Society \"Orchids in the Garden\" is being held on October 25, 2025 at the Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, 4700 SW 58th Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608.\n\nJudging is being held on October 25, 2025 at 8:00AM.\n\n","StartDate":"10/25/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Gainesville Orchid Society \"Orchids in the Garden\" is being held on October 25, 2025 at the Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, 4700 SW 58th Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":426,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â A Kaleidoscope of Colorsâ","DateRange":"October 31 - November 2, 2025","ContactName":"Brigitte Fortin","ContactPhone":"617-838-8682","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2943.4511903250695!2d-71.13731312388539!3d42.46069177118382!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e3744823a2d0f5%3A0x4013c4d1438a78f6!2sSons%20of%20Italy!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1749573133854!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â A Kaleidoscope of Colorsâ is being held October 31 - November 2, 2025 at Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890. \n\nJudging is being held on October 31, 2025 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12:30pm - 5pm\nSat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am - 4pm","StartDate":"10/31/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â A Kaleidoscope of Colorsâ is being held October 31 - November 2, 2025 at Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"11/02/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":470,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"The Apopka International Fall Orchid Festival","DateRange":"October 31 - November 2, 2025","ContactName":"Julien Baruch","ContactPhone":"321-441-0144","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3498.7299560875017!2d-81.55858472449569!3d28.727615275612965!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e79e569ed75729%3A0xaf390e3d4b072059!2sKrull-Smith%2C%20Inc!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757439744220!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Apopka International Fall Orchid Festival is being held October 31 - November 2, 2025 at Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712.\n\nJudging is being held on November 1, 2025 at 1 PM.\n\nShow Times: \n9am-5pm","StartDate":"10/31/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Apopka International Fall Orchid Festival is being held October 31 - November 2, 2025 at Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/02/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":375,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\"","DateRange":"November 1 - 2, 2025","ContactName":"John Lorence","ContactPhone":"319-624-3666","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Radisson Hotel Event Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2963.6475580702154!2d-91.65532532390769!3d42.02929257122564!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87e4f05edf0a8443%3A0x538ab639b50da91d!2sRadisson%20Hotel%20Cedar%20Rapids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745331231445!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\" is being held November 1 - 2, 2025 at the Radisson Hotel Event Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402.\n\nJudging is being held on November 1, 2025 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"11/01/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\" is being held November 1 - 2, 2025 at the Radisson Hotel Event Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Iowa","EndDate":"11/02/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":420,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250930/3e657ae1-f1bb-9702-c6a7-0a29c2e53ba4.gif","JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Ohio Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale","DateRange":"November 1 - 2, 2025","ContactName":"Dave Markley","ContactPhone":"614-354-9044","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Polaris Fashion Place, 1500 Polaris Pkwy, Columbus, OH 43240","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3049.8500319369605!2d-82.98463252400244!3d40.14562417148442!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8838f54190800c29%3A0xa9f1bd1cd983f3f7!2sPolaris%20Fashion%20Place!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748881036134!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Ohio Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held November 1 - 2, 2025 at the Polaris Fashion Place, 1500 Polaris Pkwy, Columbus, OH 43240.\n\nJudging is being held on November 1, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 11AM - 8PM\nSun: 12PM - 6PM","StartDate":"11/01/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Ohio Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held November 1 - 2, 2025 at the Polaris Fashion Place, 1500 Polaris Pkwy, Columbus, OH 43240.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"11/02/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":480,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"4ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas\"","DateRange":"November 7 - 9, 2025","ContactName":"Edwin Perez","ContactPhone":"787-362-1425","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carr 834 Bo, Guaynabo, PR 00971","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d42853.67724956455!2d-66.12213392186054!3d18.31231896009122!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sParque%20Forestal%20La%20Marquesa%2C%20Carr%20834%20Bo%2C%20Guaynabo%2C%20PR%2000971.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759250571874!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"4ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas\" is being held November 7 - 8, 2025 at the Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carr 834 Bo, Guaynabo, PR 00971.\n\nJudging is being held on November 7, 2025 at 10:00 AM\n\nShow Times:\n10am - 5pm","StartDate":"11/07/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"4ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas\" is being held November 7 - 8, 2025 at the Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carr 834 Bo, Guaynabo, PR 00971.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"11/09/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":468,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Niagara Frontier Orchid Society's \"Orchids Under Glass\"","DateRange":"November 8-9, 2025","ContactName":"Susan Charles","ContactPhone":"716-649-6455","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2926.1175125139775!2d-78.82828652386641!3d42.828131471153306!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d30e2f0ed813f9%3A0x292c86b54ab3cb05!2sBuffalo%20and%20Erie%20County%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756493667078!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Niagara Frontier Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under Glass\" is being held November 8 - 9, 2025 at the Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218.\n\nJudging is being held on November 8, 2025 at 7:30 AM. \n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am - 4pm\nSun: 10am - 3pm","StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Niagara Frontier Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under Glass\" is being held November 8 - 9, 2025 at the Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"11/09/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":484,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âOrquideas de Otoño 2025\"","DateRange":"November 8 - 16, 2025","ContactName":"Roberto Quijano Hernández","ContactPhone":"(52) 55 74 68 40 11","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3762.433560750982!2d-99.14576042478554!3d19.43686528184349!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x85d1f92a49b6d0f5%3A0x3749886cec238f6d!2sMuseo%20Franz%20Mayer!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760382253149!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âOrquideas de Otoño 2025\" is being held November 8 - 16, 2025 at the Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300.\n\nJudging is being held on November 7, 2025 at 9 am.\n\nShow Times:\nTues - Sun: 10am - 5pm","StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âOrquideas de Otoño 2025\" is being held November 8 - 16, 2025 at the Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300.","Country":"Mexico","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"11/16/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":456,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Taiwan Orchid Breeder Societyâs âNational Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Showâ ","DateRange":"November 12 - 19, 2025","ContactName":"Dr. Hong-Hwa Chen","ContactPhone":"+886-921-212-134","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3672.6304442232417!2d120.21632912531314!3d23.00061317918908!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sNational%20Cheng%20Kung%20University%20Library%2C%201%20University%20Road%2C%20East%20District%2C%20Tainan%2C%20702%2C%20Taiwan!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1754592193435!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Taiwan Orchid Breeder Societyâs âNational Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show,â is being held November 12 - 19, 2025 at the National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan.\n\nJudging is being held on November 11, 2025 at 9AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:00 am - 5:00 pm\n","StartDate":"11/12/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Taiwan Orchid Breeder Societyâs âNational Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show,â is being held November 12 - 19, 2025 at the National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan.","Country":"Taiwan","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"11/19/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":418,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festivalâ","DateRange":"November 15 - 16, 2025","ContactName":"Vivian Lin","ContactPhone":"734-834-4367","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2950.889003904629!2d-83.66577842389367!3d42.30223377119836!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x883cabe478937947%3A0x98f029f1869e4017!2sMatthaei%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748629091237!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festivalâ is being held November 15-16, 2025 at Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro RD, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. \n\nJudging is being held on November 15, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 4:30PM\n","StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festivalâ is being held November 15-16, 2025 at Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro RD, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"11/16/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":450,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Deerfield Beach Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Obsessionâ ","DateRange":"November 15 - 16, 2025","ContactName":"Cheryl Babcock","ContactPhone":"954-464-8996","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Safe Schools Institute,1790 Spanish River Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3574.147594215074!2d-80.12173562457862!3d26.38641887696479!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d91e3fa22b8357%3A0x516837649f09047!2sSafe%20Schools%20Institute!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753890171109!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Deerfield Orchid Society's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held November 15 - 16, 2025 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.\n\nJudging is being held on November 15, 2025 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Time:\n10:00 AM - 5:00 PM","StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Deerfield Orchid Society's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held November 15 - 16, 2025 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/16/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":460,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250820/7f9edaf8-86ff-ff77-1cec-c1c987c950ba.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"November 15, 2025","ContactName":"Brenda Decker","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.0165169321767!2d-74.01630232393332!3d41.525582871282715!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89dd31c273f86027%3A0xab43fcc8a1d903b9!2sUnion%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755710343131!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on November 15, 2025 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Time:\n11am-4pm","StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Show,Special","Summary":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on November 15, 2025 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":447,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVI Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\"","DateRange":"November 19 - 23, 2025","ContactName":"Herbert Soto","ContactPhone":"502-3197-3752","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3845.26796651378!2d-90.37534892487658!3d15.470011885125999!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x858a410055217685%3A0xdf8c0741cab1cca1!2sConvento%20de%20Santo%20Domingo%20de%20Guzm%C3%A1n!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753470741544!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVI Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\" is being held November 19 - 23, 2025 at the Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001.\n\nJudging is being held on November 19, 2025 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8am - 8pm","StartDate":"11/19/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVI Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\" is being held November 19 - 23, 2025 at the Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001.","Country":"Guatemala","StateProvince":"Alta Verapaz","EndDate":"11/23/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":387,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"December 13 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Rita Zeblin","ContactPhone":"(772) 418-7426","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3540.4926526185927!2d-80.32620568494345!3d27.453917982897572!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88def1023342c2a9%3A0x245292827d7e3fa!2sRiver%20Walk%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1588187778446!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held December 13 - 14, 2025 at the River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950. \n\nIf you contact the phone number listed above, please do so by text only!\n\nJudging is being held on December 13, 2025 at 9:00 AM.","StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held December 13 - 14, 2025 at the River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":452,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Magic\"","DateRange":"January 9- 11, 2026","ContactName":"Luanne Betz","ContactPhone":"954-341-2874","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Charles F Dodge City Center, 601 City Center Way, Pembroke Pines, FL 33025","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3585.9382968226187!2d-80.28909242459163!3d26.002838577201135!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9a6060ce3344b%3A0x849bc62350af46b9!2sCharles%20F.%20Dodge%20City%20Center%20Pembroke%20Pines!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753899569632!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Magic\" is being held January 9 - 11, 2026 at the Charles F Dodge City Center, 601 City Center Way, Pembroke Pines, FL 33025.\n\nJudging is being held on January 9, 2026 at 10:00am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 11am-6pm\nSat: 10am-6pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"01/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Magic\" is being held January 9 - 11, 2026 at the Charles F Dodge City Center, 601 City Center Way, Pembroke Pines, FL 33025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":459,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Sarasota Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"January 10 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"Dennis Barth","ContactPhone":"941-374-8304","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sarasota Municipal Auditorium, 801 N Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34236","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3544.0367936083026!2d-82.55011592454554!3d27.34331817639312!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c3400e93c1ff3b%3A0xa935d90661d26a57!2sSarasota%20Municipal%20Auditorium!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755616476303!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Sarasota Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 10 - 11, 2026 at the Sarasota Municipal Auditorium, 801 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34236.\n\nJudging is being held on January 9, 2026 at 4:30 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am - 5 pm\nSun: 10am - 4pm","StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Sarasota Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 10 - 11, 2026 at the Sarasota Municipal Auditorium, 801 N. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34236.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":442,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251020/37c88528-eefd-6240-3ab0-01d1275d2fac.jpeg","JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"North Jersey Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"January 16 - 18, 2026","ContactName":"Ralph Wahl and Joseph Rohal","ContactPhone":"973-204-6515","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3034.5721620665904!2d-74.43920242398559!3d40.48472917142877!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c3c643b865bc57%3A0x865950567ef554ae!2sDouglass%20Student%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1752866929276!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The North Jersey Orchid Society Show is being held January 16 - 18, 2026 at the Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.\n\nJudging is being held on January 16, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12pm-5pm\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun:10am-4pm","StartDate":"01/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The North Jersey Orchid Society Show is being held January 16 - 18, 2026 at the Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"01/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":503,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Miami Orchid Society's \"Tamiami International Orchid Festival\"","DateRange":"January 16 - 18, 2026","ContactName":"Martin Motes","ContactPhone":"305-282-7520","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Miami-Dade County Fair \u0026 Expo Center, 10901 SW 24 St, Miami, FL 33165","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3593.7052558421387!2d-80.3750949246001!3d25.74725897736103!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9bf360ea700ab%3A0xc3d840243508f4d1!2sMiami-Dade%20County%20Fair%20%26%20Exposition%2C%20Inc.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761931419519!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Miami Orchid Society's \"Tamiami International Orchid Festival,\" is being held January 16 - 18, 2026 at the Miami-Dade County Fair \u0026 Expo Center, 10901 SW 24 St, Miami, FL 33165.\n\nJudging is being held on January 16, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFriday: Noon to 6 pm\n(Early Admission 9 am with special ticket)\nSaturday and Sunday: 10 am to 6 pm\n\nWebsite: TamiamiOrchidFestival.com\n","StartDate":"01/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Miami Orchid Society's \"Tamiami International Orchid Festival,\" is being held January 16 - 18, 2026 at the Miami-Dade County Fair \u0026 Expo Center, 10901 SW 24 St, Miami, FL 33165.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":438,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Grand Valley Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"January 24 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"Mei Ling Clemens","ContactPhone":"231-557-2647","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2918.9414127703244!2d-85.59268722385855!3d42.979507771142075!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x881853239d44fcb9%3A0x5ee5df4ee49fe7d5!2sFrederik%20Meijer%20Gardens%20%26%20Sculpture%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1723140254913!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Grand Valley Orchid Society Show is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at the Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525.\n\nJudging is being held on January 24, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 11AM - 4:30PM","StartDate":"01/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Grand Valley Orchid Society Show is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at the Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525.\n\n\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"01/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":473,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"January 24 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"Michael Dyda","ContactPhone":"612-223-4059","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2822.1281453550096!2d-93.15385232375219!3d44.98170787107015!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x52b32b109a8cbf63%3A0xf660992a6fe1c2f2!2sMarjorie%20McNeely%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757615606680!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\" is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103.\n\nJudging is being held on January 24, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10:00 AM - 4:00 PM","StartDate":"01/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\" is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Alabama","EndDate":"01/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":499,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Cape and Islands Orchid Society's \"Orchids at Play\"","DateRange":"January 24 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"Tina Balog","ContactPhone":"508-540-5006","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Hyport Conference Center, 35 Scudder Ave., Hyannis, MA 02601","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d2981.456821476667!2d-70.29955197392721!3d41.64587097126833!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sHyport%20Conference%20Center%2C%2035%20Scudder%20Ave%2C%20Hyannis%2C%20MA%2002601.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761672209732!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Cape and Islands Orchid Society's \"Orchids at Play\" is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at Hyport Conference Center, 35 Scudder Ave, Hyannis, MA 02601.\n\nJudging is being held on January 23, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"01/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Cape and Islands Orchid Society's \"Orchids at Play\" is being held January 24 - 25, 2026 at Hyport Conference Center, 35 Scudder Ave, Hyannis, MA 02601.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"01/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":458,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"January 30 - February 1, 2026","ContactName":"Jo Ann Vaz ","ContactPhone":"601-530-8778","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3441.535438771132!2d-88.64534387443284!3d30.392546974750143!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x889bf1d04234424d%3A0x99842e77c1a88fdb!2sGautier%20Convention%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1724956007974!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 30 - February 1, 2026 at the Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553.\n\nJudging is being held on January 31, 2026 at 8:00am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 12pm - 6pm\nSun: 10am-3:30pm","StartDate":"01/30/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 30 - February 1, 2026 at the Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Mississippi","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":432,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"January 31 - February 1, 2026","ContactName":"Corinne Arnold","ContactPhone":"727-475-0750","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Seminole Recreation Center, 9100 113th St N, Seminole, FL 33772","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3527.504617660341!2d-82.79913032452737!3d27.85576527609788!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c2fbbfb50707e5%3A0xbed9973ddf55f75c!2sSeminole%20Recreation%20Division!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1750350715496!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ is being held on January 31 - February 1, 2026 at the Seminole Recreation Center, 9100 113th St N, Seminole, FL 33772.\n\nJudging will be held on January 30, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 4PM\n","StartDate":"01/31/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ is being held on January 31 - February 1, 2026 at the Seminole Recreation Center, 9100 113th St N, Seminole, FL 33772.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":476,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Orchid Societyâs â46th Annual Paphiopedilum Forumâ ","DateRange":"January 31, 2026","ContactName":"Roddy Gabel","ContactPhone":"301-646-3657","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"North Chevy Chase Christian Church, 8814 Kensington Parkway, Chevy Chase, MD 20815","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3100.5860897582206!2d-77.07827792405816!3d39.00194197170196!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b7c939c662b935%3A0xa9b798be4585057!2sNorth%20Chevy%20Chase%20Christian%20(Disciples%20of%20Christ)!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758726944241!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The National Capital Orchid Society's \"46th Annual Paphiopedilum Forum\" is being held January 31, 2026 at the North Chevy Chase Christian Church, 8814 Kensington Parkway, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.\n\nJudging is being held on January 31,2026 at 12:30pm.\n\nShow Time:\n8 am - 4:30 pm","StartDate":"01/31/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The National Capital Orchid Society's \"46th Annual Paphiopedilum Forum\" is being held January 31, 2026 at the North Chevy Chase Christian Church, 8814 Kensington Parkway, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"01/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":519,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Greater St Louis Orchid Show","DateRange":"January 31 - February 1, 2026","ContactName":"Lynette Dowell","ContactPhone":"636-675-8966","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3117.5699622898164!2d-90.2619547240768!3d38.61276717178622!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87d8b4ffa9d2cd81%3A0x60b0c580fcde5080!2sMissouri%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765296370042!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Greater St Louis Orchid Show is being held January 31 - February 1, 2026 at the Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110.\n\nJudging is being held on January 31, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"01/31/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Greater St Louis Orchid Show is being held January 31 - February 1, 2026 at the Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":393,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\"","DateRange":"February 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Terri Jozwiak","ContactPhone":"608-592-7906","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2914.5617894497464!2d-89.38272512385373!3d43.07168317113558!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8806533e69d92151%3A0xec3bcab772dbe6dd!2sMonona%20Terrace%20Community%20and%20Convention%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743010728480!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\" is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703. \n\nJudging is being held on February 7, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-3pm","StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\" is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"02/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":416,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"February 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Judy Loeffler \u0026 Carol Wood","ContactPhone":"941-488-4545","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3551.9409876271566!2d-82.44951062455418!3d27.095156576538926!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c35bbbcadb9745%3A0x6eb1119ac353c79d!2sVenice%20Community%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748368215139!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285.\n\nJudging will be held on February 7, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 10AM - 4PM","StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":461,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Three Rivers Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"February 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Kim Weldon","ContactPhone":"260-348-7587","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3007.68769097068!2d-85.14167912395611!3d41.07581887134113!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8815e4f25f68d7a9%3A0x354a3db3235365b4!2sFoellinger-Freimann%20Botanical%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755800481530!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Three Rivers Orchid Society Show is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802.\n\nJudging is being held on February 7, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm - 5pm\nSun: 12pm - 4pm\n","StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Three Rivers Orchid Society Show is being held February 7 - 8, 2026 at the Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Indiana","EndDate":"02/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":534,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Diablo View Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"February 7, 2026","ContactName":"Diane Bond","ContactPhone":"510-589-7357","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"California State University East Bay, Concord Center, 4700 Ygnacio Valley Rd, Concord, CA 94521","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3146.4015569636504!2d-121.97979242410845!3d37.94440887194318!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80855fcaa1313d9b%3A0x6c32f51c6063ada8!2sCalifornia%20State%20University%20East%20Bay%20Concord%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1766511083499!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Diablo View Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held February 7, 2026 at the California State University East Bay, Concord Center, 4700 Ygnacio Valley Rd, Concord, CA 94521.\n\nJudging is being held on February 7, 2026 at 10:00 AM. \n\nShow Time:\n10AM-4PM","StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Diablo View Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held February 7, 2026 at the California State University East Bay, Concord Center, 4700 Ygnacio Valley Rd, Concord, CA 94521. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":533,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion Santanena de Orquideologia's \"III Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas\"","DateRange":"February 13 - 15, 2025","ContactName":"Jeanina Chavez Monge","ContactPhone":"+(506)88780032","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Gimnasio Municipal de Santa Ana, De Agroservicios el Salitre 100 metros Sur, 100 Este y 50 Sur, Santa Ana, San Jose 10901, Costa Rica","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3930.053818477487!2d-84.18237792496971!3d9.92947609017239!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8fa0fc1b52a65913%3A0xb098d1033d6a7c82!2sMunicipal%20Gymnasium%20of%20Santa%20Ana!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1730475691719!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion Santanena de Orquideologia's \"III Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas\" is being held February 13 - 15, 2026, Gimnasio Municipal de Santa Ana, Santa Ana Centro, San Jose 10901, Costa Rica.\n\nJudging is being held on February 12, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9 AM - 6 PM","StartDate":"02/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion Santanena de Orquideologia's \"III Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas\" is being held February 13 - 15, 2026, Gimnasio Municipal de Santa Ana, Santa Ana Centro, San Jose 10901, Costa Rica.","Country":"Costa Rica","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"02/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":536,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Greater Orlando Orchid Societyâs âHearts in Bloomâ","DateRange":"February 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"David White","ContactPhone":"407-712-3818","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"The Orlando Garden Club, 710 E. Rollins ST, Orlando, FL 32803","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3503.8869193867254!2d-81.37089152450137!3d28.573158175697166!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e77a9a084d65ed%3A0xdc238c8da9d04f3f!2sOrlando%20Garden%20Club%20Inc!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1733843756412!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Orlando Orchid Societyâs âHearts in Bloomâ is taking place on February 13 - 15, 2026 at the Orlando Garden Club, 710 E. Rollins ST, Orlando, FL 32803. LochHaven Park. \n\n*This event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 11am-5pm","StartDate":"02/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Orlando Orchid Societyâs âHearts in Bloomâ is taking place on February 13 - 15, 2026 at the Orlando Garden Club, 710 E. Rollins ST, Orlando, FL 32803. LochHaven Park. \n\n\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":555,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show ","DateRange":"February 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Manuel Aybar","ContactPhone":"214-934-9104","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Dallas Arboretum â DeGolyer Estate, 8525 Garland Rd, Dallas, TX 75218","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3352.8168144411798!2d-96.71919852433534!3d32.823618373644194!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x864ea19a64681b47%3A0x68139237078b7642!2sThe%20Dallas%20Arboretum%20and%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1769790802005!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show is being held February 13 - 15, 2026 at the Dallas Arboretum â DeGolyer Estate, 8625 Garland Rd, Dallas, TX 75218.\n\nJudging is being held on February 13, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"02/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater North Texas Orchid Society Show is being held February 13 - 15, 2026 at the Dallas Arboretum â DeGolyer Estate, 8625 Garland Rd, Dallas, TX 75218.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"02/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":391,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Boca Raton Orchid Societyâs âIn Love Withâ¦Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"February 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Kathy Kersey","ContactPhone":"954-802-3575","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3574.147594215074!2d-80.12173562457862!3d26.38641887696479!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d91e3fa22b8357%3A0x516837649f09047!2sSafe%20Schools%20Institute!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1742921833052!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Boca Raton Orchid Society's \"In Love With... Orchids\" is being held February 14 - 15, 2026 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.\n\nJudging is being held on February 14, 2026 at 8:30 AM.","StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Boca Raton Orchid Society's \"In Love With... Orchids\" is being held February 14 - 15, 2026 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":455,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250808/5d17a405-8e18-f3f3-6367-a362779a6ba6.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âCupid's Garden\" Annual Show and Sale","DateRange":"February 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Cathy Dunn","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2882.8644457614973!2d-79.36077122381893!3d43.73414277109848!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d4cd41d4cf54e9%3A0x2349c35f5eaff827!2sToronto%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1754586951514!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âCupid's Gardenâ Annual Show and Sale is being held February 14 - 15, 2026 at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on February 14, 2026 at 7:45 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat - Noon - 5PM\nSun - 11AM - 4PM","StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âCupid's Gardenâ Annual Show and Sale is being held February 14 - 15, 2026 at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"02/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":443,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Rodeo\"","DateRange":"February 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Marie Harris","ContactPhone":"239-877-1717","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3582.757018208623!2d-81.77364502458806!3d26.106849277136597!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dae3e39722c495%3A0xc4655d99e7c17665!2sNaples%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753208363489!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Rodeo\" is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112.\n\nJudging is being held on February 19, 2026 at 10 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 8am-8pm\nSat \u0026 Sun: 8am-5pm\n","StartDate":"02/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Rodeo\" is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":511,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Deep Cut Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show","DateRange":"February 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Bill Bodei","ContactPhone":"201-213-5308","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Dearborn Market, 2170 State Route 35, Holmdel, NJ 07733","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3037.7704365732834!2d-74.16166512398915!3d40.413936071439956!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c233f2153b357d%3A0x53b559db944bd5fb!2sDearborn%20Market!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1763570844602!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Deep Cut Orchid Society Show is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the Dearborn Market, 2170 State Route 35, Holmdel, NJ 07733.\n\nJudging will take place on February 20, 2026 at 8:30AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12pm-6pm\nSat: 9am-6pm\nSun: 9am-4pm\n\nwww.deepcutorchidsociety.org/","StartDate":"02/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Deep Cut Orchid Society Show is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the Dearborn Market, 2170 State Route 35, Holmdel, NJ 07733.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"02/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":538,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"St. Croix Orchid Society's \"Orchids for All Seasons\"","DateRange":"February 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Angelita Ortiz","ContactPhone":"340-277-5611","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"St. George Village Botanical Gardens, 127 George Rd, Frederiksted, VI 00840","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3800.5701046535437!2d-64.83294822482739!3d17.717757083226886!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c1acec3c29bfcc9%3A0xb621229c2245d165!2sSt%20George%20Village%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1767899121351!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The St. Croix Orchid Society's \"Orchids for All Seasons\" is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the St. George Village Botanical Gardens, 127 George Rd, Frederiksted, VI 00840.\n\nJudging is being held on February 20, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-4pm","StartDate":"02/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The St. Croix Orchid Society's \"Orchids for All Seasons\" is being held February 20 - 22, 2026 at the St. George Village Botanical Gardens, 127 George Rd, Frederiksted, VI 00840.","Country":"Virgin Islands, U.S.","StateProvince":"Virgin Island","EndDate":"02/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":485,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Amherst Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"February 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Marc Gray","ContactPhone":"802-258-8406","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School, 80 Locust St, Northampton, MA 01060","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2949.488885016535!2d-72.65950062389206!3d42.3320991711956!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e6d70bca44a8bd%3A0xb22513e62f47f682!2sSmith%20Vocational%20and%20Agricultural%20High%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760456871928!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Amherst Orchid Society Show is being held February 21 - 22, 2026 at the Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School, 80 Locust St, Northampton, MA 01060.\n\nJudging is being held on February 20, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 10am - 4pm","StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Amherst Orchid Society Show is being held February 21 - 22, 2026 at the Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School, 80 Locust St, Northampton, MA 01060.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"02/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":520,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251209/692c87ab-112b-7741-0353-814d11765a8f.png","JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"San Francisco Orchid Society's \"Pacific Orchid Exposition\"","DateRange":"February 26 - March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Jeff Harris","ContactPhone":"650-303-6205","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Hall of Flowers at Golden Gate Park, 1199 9th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94122","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d6307.750177166804!2d-122.4699332051581!3d37.76952698794655!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sHall%20of%20Flowers%20at%20Golden%20Gate%20Park%2C%201199%209th%20Avenue%2C%20San%20Francisco%2C%20CA%2094122!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765297056876!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The San Francisco Orchid Society's \"Pacific Orchid Exposition\" is being held February 26 - March 1, 2026 at the Hall of Flowers at Golden Gate Park, 1199 9th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94122.\n\nJudging is being held on February 26, 2026 at 9:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nThr: 6pm-9pm\nFri \u0026 Sat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"02/26/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The San Francisco Orchid Society's \"Pacific Orchid Exposition\" is being held February 26 - March 1, 2026 at the Hall of Flowers at Golden Gate Park, 1199 9th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94122.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":493,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Virginia Orchid Society's \"Symphony of Orchids\"","DateRange":"February 27 - March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Irina Neverova","ContactPhone":"804-536-7136","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Henrico, VA 23228","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3160.1867829766156!2d-77.47365342412365!3d37.621293972024475!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b115d8ae72e02f%3A0x48cfaecff31c41b2!2sLewis%20Ginter%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761237781182!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Virginia Orchid Society's \"Symphony of Orchids\" is being held February 27 - March 1, 2026 at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmond, VA 23228.\n\nJudging is being held on February 27, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 9am - 5pm\nSat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 9am - 3pm","StartDate":"02/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Virginia Orchid Society's \"Symphony of Orchids\" is being held February 27 - March 1, 2026 at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmond, VA 23228.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Virginia","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":504,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Vancouver Island Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"February 27 - March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Leslie Milne","ContactPhone":"250-758-0355","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Nanaimo North Town Center, 4750 Rutherford Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 4K6 Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2606.078229227974!2d-124.03057152351474!3d49.218043471383226!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x548898a8949e7ba1%3A0xf8562badb471e189!2sNanaimo%20North%20Town%20Centre!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762278534764!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Vancouver Island Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held February 27 - March 1, 2026 at the Nanaimo North Town Center, 4750 Rutherford Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 4K6 Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on February 27, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:30am-5:00pm","StartDate":"02/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Vancouver Island Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held February 27 - March 1, 2026 at the Nanaimo North Town Center, 4750 Rutherford Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 4K6 Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":558,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Miami Beach Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"February 27 - March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Jeannette Dorfman","ContactPhone":"305-615-8188","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Miami Beach Woman's Club, 2401 Pine Tree Drive, Miami Beach, FL 33140","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3592.0833461155617!2d-80.1316407245983!3d25.800824277327397!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9b3628a595a6f%3A0xce2581db38535301!2sMiami%20Beach%20Woman\u0026#39;s%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1770239503646!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Miami Beach Orchid Society Show is being held February 27- March 1, 2026 at the Miami Beach Woman's Club, 2401 Pine Tree Drive, Miami Beach, FL 33140.\n\nJudging is being held on February 27.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"02/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Miami Beach Orchid Society Show is being held February 27- March 1, 2026 at the Miami Beach Woman's Club, 2401 Pine Tree Drive, Miami Beach, FL 33140.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":465,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show","DateRange":"February 28 - March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Becky Thayer","ContactPhone":"517-281-1810","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI 48840","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2928.2617555010293!2d-84.38372072386879!3d42.78281597115676!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8822e6ed88468c97%3A0xf61184d7014fb487!2sVan%20Atta\u0026#39;s%20Greenhouse%20%26%20Flower%20Shop!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756227970738!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held February 28 - March 1, 2026 at the Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI, 48840.\n\nJudging is being held on February 28, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm - 5pm \nSun: 11am - 4pm","StartDate":"02/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held February 28 - March 1, 2026 at the Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI, 48840.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":472,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Tampa Bay Orchid Society 2026","DateRange":"February 28, 2026- March 1, 2026","ContactName":"Frances Roberts","ContactPhone":"813-597-8322","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3524.3916304655036!2d-82.50131892452393!3d27.95128997604363!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c2c30b1091d045%3A0x9e41c59784b0b384!2sSons%20of%20Italy%20Lodge!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757441231694!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tampa Bay Orchid Society 2026 is being held February 28, 2026- March 1, 2026 at the Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609.\n\nJudging is being held on February 28, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"02/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tampa Bay Orchid Society 2026 is being held February 28, 2026- March 1, 2026 at the Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":505,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"2026 PHS Philadelphia Flower Show â Rooted: Origins of American Gardening","DateRange":"February 28 - March 8, 2026","ContactName":"PHS ","ContactPhone":"215-988-8800 ","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Pennsylvania Convention Center, 1101 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3058.385925634532!2d-75.16521782401182!3d39.9551234715175!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c6c62b8bffffff%3A0x18876b45306b5bc2!2sPennsylvania%20Convention%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762449351155!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The 2026 PHS Philadelphia Flower Show â Rooted: Origins of American Gardening is being held February 28 - March 8, 2026 at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, 1101 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107.\n\nJudging is being held on February 27th, March 2nd, and March 5th of 2026 at 12:00 PM.\n\nMember's Preview Day is February 27th from 12:00 pm â 4:00 pm.\n\nBecome a PHS Member to see the Show first by visiting our website at https://phsonline.org/support-phs/membership\n\nGeneral Public Hours:\nFebruary 28 â March 7: 10:00 am â 8:00 pm \nMarch 8: 10:00 am â 6:00 pm","StartDate":"02/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The 2026 PHS Philadelphia Flower Show â Rooted: Origins of American Gardening is being held February 28 - March 8, 2026 at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, 1101 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":541,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Sociedad Dominicana de Orquideologia \"Cascada de Orquideas\"","DateRange":"March 5 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Rosa Contreras","ContactPhone":"809-839-0166","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico Nacional de Santo Domingo, Av. Republica de Colombia, Av. los Proceres, Sector Altos de Gala, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3783.842614128369!2d-69.9612392248091!3d18.490786882597007!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8eaf8a1bebffffff%3A0x90f52227d7aaac44!2sNational%20Botanical%20Garden%20Dr.%20Rafael%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Moscoso!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1738345480590!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sociedad Dominicana de Orquideologia \"Cascada de Orquideas\" is being held March 5 - 8, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Nacional de Santo Domingo, Av. Republica de Colombia, Av. los Proceres, Sector Altos de Gala, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana.\n\nJudging is being held on March 4, 2026 at 8:00 AM. \n\nShow Times:\n9am-6pm","StartDate":"03/05/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Sociedad Dominicana de Orquideologia \"Cascada de Orquideas\" is being held March 5 - 8, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Nacional de Santo Domingo, Av. Republica de Colombia, Av. los Proceres, Sector Altos de Gala, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana.","Country":"Dominican Republic","StateProvince":"Santo Domingo","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":474,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of the Ozarks \"Orchids in the Ozarks\"","DateRange":"March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Stephen Marak","ContactPhone":"479-841-4275","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Pauline Whitaker Animal Science Center, 1335 W Knapp Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3223.950286372218!2d-94.18094082419374!3d36.094699872456744!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87c96e9a499aae0b%3A0x84f23d7971b03b56!2sPauline%20Whitaker%20Animal%20Science%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758044260839!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of the Ozarks \"Orchids in the Ozarks\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Pauline Whitaker Animal Science Center, 1335 W Knapp Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704.\n\nJudging is being held on March 6, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 5pm - 7:30pm\nSat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 12pm - 4pm","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of the Ozarks \"Orchids in the Ozarks\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Pauline Whitaker Animal Science Center, 1335 W Knapp Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arkansas","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":481,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Mobile Area Orchid Society 47th Show","DateRange":"March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Joseph Paine","ContactPhone":"251-209-1008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Rd, Theodore, AL 36582","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3440.164742119278!2d-88.14339092443137!3d30.431431474730964!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x889a34bca0d0b825%3A0x8bd34f06705d1edf!2sBellingrath%20Gardens%20%26%20Home!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759251067706!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Mobile Area Orchid Society 47th Show is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Road, Theodore, AL 36582.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am- 3pm","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Mobile Area Orchid Society 47th Show is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Road, Theodore, AL 36582.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Alabama","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":483,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Orchids Gone Wild!\"","DateRange":"March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Ms. Andrea Deachman","ContactPhone":"603-798-4377","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Courtyard at Marriott, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2928.0763882360725!2d-71.49950292386863!3d42.78673497115651!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e3b6bf9d3efef7%3A0x4394af428bdfb996!2sCourtyard%20by%20Marriott%20Nashua!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759253816971!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Orchids Gone Wild!\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Courtyard at Marriott, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063.\n\nJudging is being held on March 6, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm-5pm\nSat: 8am-5pm\nSun: 8am-4pm","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Orchids Gone Wild!\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Courtyard at Marriott, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Hampshire","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":486,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251027/d7dae337-d220-7348-e6c0-e187b244039f.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Martin County Orchid Societyâs âOrchids at the Disco\"","DateRange":" March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Kathryn Hendron \u0026 David Nickerson","ContactPhone":"561-891-1672","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Martin County Fairgrounds, Building G, 2616 SE Dixie Hwy, Stuart, FL 34996","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3549.496461703454!2d-80.22862862455148!3d27.17212897649349!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88deddaf3f2378d7%3A0x14612942ea07811!2sMartin%20County%20Fairgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760458708642!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Martin County Orchid Society's \"Orchids at the Disco\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Martin County Fairgrounds, Building G, 2616 SE Dixie Hwy, Stuart, FL 34996.\n\nJudging is being held on March 6, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Martin County Orchid Society's \"Orchids at the Disco\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Martin County Fairgrounds, Building G, 2616 SE Dixie Hwy, Stuart, FL 34996.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":497,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Valerie Lowe","ContactPhone":"410-599-2923","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Maryland State Fairgrounds Cow Palace, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3080.9856353501846!2d-76.63435287403658!3d39.44705667161212!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sMaryland%20State%20Fairgrounds%20Cow%20Palace%2C%202200%20York%20Road%2C%20Timonium%2C%20MD%2021093!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761670877970!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Maryland State Fairgrounds Cow Palace, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093.\n\nJudging is being held on March 5, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 10am-6pm\nSat:10am-7pm\nSun: 10am-6pm","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Maryland State Fairgrounds Cow Palace, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":498,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Central California Orchid Society's \"Fresno Home and Garden Show\"","DateRange":"March 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Gordon Wolf","ContactPhone":"209-999-0181","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3197.6443753681647!2d-119.75286992416487!3d36.73110127226681!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80945f007209c709%3A0xf02df1ead89cae8b!2sThe%20Big%20Fresno%20Fair!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761671672670!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"Fresno Home and Garden Show\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 10:00 AM.","StartDate":"03/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"Fresno Home and Garden Show\" is being held March 6 - 8, 2026 at the Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":453,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Mount Baker Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Susan Wood","ContactPhone":"360-527-6633","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Christiansonâs Nursery and Greenhouse, 15806 Best Road, Mount Vernon, WA 98273","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2648.0770602412163!2d-122.446950223561!3d48.41666487127566!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x54856f76781e49a1%3A0x8052b5c87625c4a6!2sChristianson\u0026#39;s%20Nursery!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1754405213900!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Mount Baker Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Christiansonâs Nursery, 15806 Best Road, Mount Vernon, WA 98273.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 9am - 4pm\n","StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Mount Baker Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Christiansonâs Nursery, 15806 Best Road, Mount Vernon, WA 98273.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Washington","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":491,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âOrchids for Everyoneâ","DateRange":"March 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Richard Odders","ContactPhone":"262-632-3008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Milaeger's Garden Center, 4838 Douglas Ave, Racine, WI 53402","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2928.3154711348843!2d-87.81105092386886!3d42.781680271156844!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880541730a59d9ab%3A0x2b777e85075d12d1!2sMilaeger\u0026#39;s!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761151579576!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Wisconsin Orchid Society's \"Orchids for Everyone\" is being held March 7 -8, 2026 at the Milaeger's Garden Center, 4838 Douglas Ave, Racine, WI 53402.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 7:30 AM.\n\nShow Times: 9AM - 4PM both days.","StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Wisconsin Orchid Society's \"Orchids for Everyone\" is being held March 7 -8, 2026 at the Milaeger's Garden Center, 4838 Douglas Ave, Racine, WI 53402.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":502,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"The 2026 Greater Akron Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"March 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Craig Miller","ContactPhone":"330-671-2681","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Petitti Garden Center, 311 West Ave, Tallmadge, OH 44278","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3006.54555229245!2d-81.45590082395485!3d41.10077497133769!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x883128ebaf893fb5%3A0xc197af671d123f7b!2sPetitti%20Garden%20Centers!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761927048623!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The 2026 Greater Akron Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Petitti Garden Center, 311 West Ave, Tallmadge, OH 44278.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 11am - 4pm","StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The 2026 Greater Akron Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Petitti Garden Center, 311 West Ave, Tallmadge, OH 44278.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":517,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Tucson Orchid Society's \"Fiesta De Las Flores\"","DateRange":"March 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Wesley Addison","ContactPhone":"520-305-6150","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mesquite Valley Growers, 8005 E. Speedway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85710","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3374.816431231094!2d-110.82446622435953!3d32.2361088738944!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86d66f3aeeaf3801%3A0x38c156b4b86cae2c!2sMesquite%20Valley%20Growers%20Nursery!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764345011076!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tucson Orchid Society's \"Fiesta de las Flores\" is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Mesquite Valley Growers, 8005 E. Speedway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85710.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8am-5pm","StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tucson Orchid Society's \"Fiesta de las Flores\" is being held March 7 - 8, 2026 at the Mesquite Valley Growers, 8005 E. Speedway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85710.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":495,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"*Asociacion Guatemalteca de Orquideologia's \"Guatemala Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"March 11 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Silvia Palmieri","ContactPhone":"502-5558-3881","ContactEmail":"silviadipo@yaho
998o.com","Location":"Zoológico La Aurora,5 Calle, Interior Finca La Aurora, Zona 13, Guatemala City, 01013, Guatemala","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3861.002291616359!2d-90.52843192489388!3d14.598945185887239!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8589a162b49a51fd%3A0x179ee84e18f07f06!2sZool%C3%B3gico%20La%20Aurora!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761240301454!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion Guatemalteca de Orquideologia's \"Guatemala Orchid Show\" is being held March 11 - 15, 2026 at the Zoológico La Aurora,5 Calle, Interior Finca La Aurora, Zona 13, Guatemala City, 01013, Guatemala.\n\n* This is not an AOS judged event. \n\nShow Times:\n9 AM - 5 PM","StartDate":"03/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion Guatemalteca de Orquideologia's \"Guatemala Orchid Show\" is being held March 11 - 15, 2026 at the Zoológico La Aurora,5 Calle, Interior Finca La Aurora, Zona 13, Guatemala City, 01013, Guatemala.","Country":"Guatemala","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":539,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Puerto Rico Orchid Societyâs âEl 75 Festival de OrquÃdeasâ","DateRange":"March 11 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Jose R Lopez","ContactPhone":"939-326-7050","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico de Caguas, PR-156, Caguas, PR 00726","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3789.319704408993!2d-66.06387292481497!3d18.241159982799083!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c0344c77541e731%3A0x4cb3b4d4686ef878!2sJard%C3%ADn%20Bot%C3%A1nico%20y%20Cultural%20William%20Miranda%20Mar%C3%ADn!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1767899869069!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Puerto Rico Orchid Societyâs âEl 75 Festival de OrquÃdeasâ is being held March 11 - 15, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico de Caguas, PR-156, Caguas, PR 00726. \n\nJudging is being held on March 11, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"03/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Puerto Rico Orchid Societyâs âEl 75 Festival de OrquÃdeasâ is being held March 11 - 15, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico de Caguas, PR-156, Caguas, PR 00726. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":540,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Costarricense de Orquideologia's \"51 Exposición Nacional de Orquideas 202
9986\"","DateRange":"March 12 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Marie Celeste Merazzo Rivera","ContactPhone":"(506) 8380-5292","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico Lankester, 5km al este de Cartago, Carretera a Paraiso, Dulce Nombre, Cartago, Costa Rica","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d31448.58185125539!2d-83.91924723032855!3d9.844258749306983!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8fa1207d8c061c15%3A0x42393610a961038e!2sJard%C3%ADn%20Bot%C3%A1nico%20Lankester!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1642696894937!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Costarricense de Orquideologia's \"51 Exposición Nacional de Orquideas 2026\" is being held March 12 - 15, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Lankester, 5km al este de Cartago, Carretera a Paraiso, Dulce Nombre, Cartago, Costa Rica.\n\nJudging is being held on March 12, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8:30AM - 4:30PM","StartDate":"03/12/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Costarricense de Orquideologia's \"51 Exposición Nacional de Orquideas 202
9986\" is being held March 12 - 15, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Lankester, 5km al este de Cartago, Carretera a Paraiso, Dulce Nombre, Cartago, Costa Rica.","Country":"Costa Rica","StateProvince":"Cartago","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":413,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Calcasieu Orchid Society's \"A French Garden of Orchids\"","DateRange":"March 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"R. Keith Joiner","ContactPhone":"318-614-3516","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bulber Auditorium McNeese State University, 4205 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, LA 70605","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3448.937535358233!2d-93.21985902444099!3d30.18177827485467!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x863b86f6164eacdd%3A0x557b55ce0f628769!2sF.G.%20Bulber%20Auditorium!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1747327961762!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Calcasieu Orchid Society's \"A French Garden of Orchids\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Bulber Auditorium McNeese State University, 4205 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, LA 70605.\n\nJudging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10:00am-6:00pm","StartDate":"03/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Calcasieu Orchid Society's \"A French Garden of Orchids\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Bulber Auditorium McNeese State University, 4205 Ryan Street, Lake Charles, LA 70605.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":449,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2026 Atlanta Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"March 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Danny Lentz","ContactPhone":"770-362-0575","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3315.866062053243!2d-84.37517372429474!3d33.78995677325696!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88f5043825d515d1%3A0xa0eaf981e881d6b5!2sAtlanta%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753887721472!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2026 Atlanta Orchid Show\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309. \n\nJudging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2026 Atlanta Orchid Show\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":522,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Manitoba Orchid Societyâs âOrchids: Prairie Homes in Bloom\"","DateRange":"March 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Joan Porteous","ContactPhone":"204-888-0413","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Breezy Be
998nd Country Club, 7620 Robin Blvd, Headingley, MB, R4H 1C9, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2571.9677378716456!2d-97.3754615234773!3d49.861850671485705!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x52ea0938251434c7%3A0xc3ef30ad6331ada8!2sBreezy%20Bend%20Country%20Club%20Weddings%20%26%20Receptions!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765298253456!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Manitoba Orchid Societyâs âOrchids: Prairie Homes in Bloom\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Breezy Bend Country Club, 7620 Robin Blvd, Headingley, MB, R4H 1C9, Canada. \n\nJudging is being held on March 13, 2026 at 8:00 am.\n\nShow Times:\n9AM - 4:30PM","StartDate":"03/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Manitoba Orchid Societyâs âOrchids: Prairie Homes in Bloom\" is being held March 13 - 15, 2026 at the Breezy Bend Country Club, 7620 Robin Blvd, Headingley, MB, R4H 1C9, Canada. ","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Manitoba","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":462,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Spokane Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Linda Drummond","ContactPhone":"714-269-9619","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Spokane Community College - Student Lair, 1810 N Green St, Spokane, WA 99215","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2686.4853917893524!2d-117.36274652360316!3d47.67499267119623!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x549e1f4af24b7743%3A0x71e11d0390f42cdd!2sBuilding%206%20-%20Lair%20Student%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755800912290!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Spokane Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Spokane Community College - Student Lair, 1810 N Green St, Spokane, WA 99215.\n\nJudging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Spokane Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Spokane Community College - Student Lair, 1810 N Green St, Spokane, WA 99215.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Washington","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":521,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2026 Show","DateRange":"March 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Robbi Shew","ContactPhone":"708-912-4599","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2958.1796707254052!2d-87.79232652390169!3d42.1464418712134!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880fc143349a54f9%3A0x9677f3eff3862a2b!2sChicago%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765297586280!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2026 Show is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. \n\n Judging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 7 am CT. \n\nShow Times:\n10:00 am - 4:00 pm CT","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2026 Show is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":537,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater Cleveland Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"March 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Susan Dunlap","ContactPhone":"440-479
998-4344","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Cleveland Botanical Garden, 11030 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.683217422763!2d-81.61217302393408!3d41.51113917128447!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8830fb8c6b2a2705%3A0xb3e99d3e8bb7d36!2sCleveland%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1767387408076!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Cleveland Orchid Society Show is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Cleveland Botanical Garden, 11030 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106.\n\nJudging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 8am - 6pm\nSun: 1pm - 5pm","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Cleveland Orchid Society Show is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Cleveland Botanical Garden, 11030 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":544,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260116/587e77d2-3bb4-9107-e4ef-98f7a19eb6cd.png","JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Jacksonville Orchid Society Show 2026","DateRange":"March 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Lorraine Conover","ContactPhone":"(561) 302-6010","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mandarin Garden Club, 2892 Loretto Road, Jacksonville, FL 32223","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3449.701291092833!2d-81.63778732444179!3d30.15995507486571!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e5cecfc96f14a7%3A0xfd396b05d7e4c9d6!2sMandarin%20Garden%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1730826509932!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Jacksonville Orchid Society Show 2026 is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Mandarin Garden Club, 2892 Loretto Road, Jacksonville, FL 32223.\n\nJudging is being held on March 14, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-6pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Jacksonville Orchid Society Show 2026 is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Mandarin Garden Club, 2892 Loretto Road, Jacksonville, FL 32223.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":563,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Coral Gables \"Fairchild Orchid Festival\"","DateRange":"March 14- 15, 2026","ContactName":"Melana Davison","ContactPhone":"760-212-8919","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3595.8342313158646!2d-80.27461352460244!3d25.67678927740527!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9c87406b8f7bb%3A0xc82b4c6cdca00310!2sFairchild%20Tropical%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1737651780697!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Coral Gables \"Fairchild Orchid Festival\" is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156.\n\nJudging will be held on March 13, 2026 at 9:00AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-4pm","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Coral Gables \"Fairchild Orchid Festival\" is being held March 14 - 15, 2026 at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":441,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Gulf Coast Orchid Alliance's \"Orchid Jungle\"","DateRange":"March 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Elaine Gates","ContactPhone":"239-269-6389","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"North Collier Regional Park, 15000 Livingston Road, Naples, FL 34109","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3577.9379686318543!2d-81.74799512458273!3d26.263676577039938!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88db1d7377da968f%3A0xa2686945af07983b!2sNorth%20Collier%20Regional%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1752595814771!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Alliance \"Orchid Jungle\" is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the North Collier Regional Park, 15000 Livingston Road, Naples, FL 34109.\n\nJudging is being held on March 20, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nAdditional Contact: Diane Ervin 239-273-7754\
998n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12pm-5pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"03/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Alliance \"Orchid Jungle\" is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the North Collier Regional Park, 15000 Livingston Road, Naples, FL 34109.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":487,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Windward Orchid Society Inc. Show","DateRange":"March 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Susan L. Lim","ContactPhone":"808-728-1014","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Samuel Wilder King Intermediate School Cafeteria, 46-155 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3714.0497057420685!2d-157.80836282473237!3d21.427291180323643!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7c006af6f3cfdc89%3A0xf1f415d6e8867bfd!2sKing%20Intermediate%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760459230443!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Windward Orchid Society Inc. Show is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Samuel Wilder King Intermediate School Cafeteria, 46-155 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744.\n\nJudging is being held on March 19, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri-Sat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"03/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Windward Orchid Society Inc. Show is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Samuel Wilder King Intermediate School Cafeteria, 46-155 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":514,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Santa Barbara International Orchid Show","DateRange":"March 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Olivia Sorgman","ContactPhone":"805-252-2068","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3290.8722533582313!2d-119.73789982426726!3d34.42999987301708!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80e914e441dcc0fd%3A0x25c89d0a32c7992e!2sEarl%20Warren%20Showgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764082985911!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Santa Barbara International Orchid Show is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.\n\nJudging is being held on March 19, 2026 at 12:30 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Santa Barbara International Orchid Show is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":557,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Vancouver Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Conor Preston","ContactPhone":"778-712-0392","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"VanDusen Botanical Garden, 5251 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6M 4H1, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2604.943048124924!2d-123.13511552351359!3d49.239568971386376!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x5486738678c76dc1%3A0x88c158f58601257!2sVanDusen%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1737483419471!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Vancouver Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Floral Hall, VanDusen Botanical Garden, 5251 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6M 4H1, Canada. \n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Vancouver Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 20 - 22, 2026 at the Floral Hall, VanDusen Botanical Garden, 5251 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6M 4H1, Canada. ","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":422,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Joel Mattes","ContactPhone":"513-680-2157","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Dan Beard Council, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3089.866782067447!2d-84.4282621240464!3d39.245895671651745!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8840526dc881ea23%3A0x147b30f1a13a0e25!2sDan%20Beard%20Council%2C%20Scouting%20America!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748976198774!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at Dan Beard Council, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 5PM","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at Dan Beard Council, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":435,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Nature Coast Orchid Society Spring Show 2026","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Matt Riesz","ContactPhone":"732-687-2407","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"St. Joan of Arc Church, 13485 Spring Hill Dr, Spring Hill, FL 34609","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3507.269132945735!2d-82.50115712450511!3d28.471440475753077!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e81e21c479284d%3A0xfd1983b9de530ce2!2sSt%20Joan%20of%20Arc%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1695305140162!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Nature Coast Orchid Society Spring Show 2026 is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the St. Joan of Arc Church, 13485 Spring Hill Dr., Spring Hill, FL 34609.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 8:30AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10:00am-4:00pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Nature Coast Orchid Society Spring Show 2026 is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the St. Joan of Arc Church, 13485 Spring Hill Dr., Spring Hill, FL 34609.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":439,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Batavia Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Larry Sexton","ContactPhone":"630-841-5955","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2971.8079308223746!2d-88.16033992391665!3d41.85396077124437!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880e5590401c8ac1%3A0x9e1d82d59f751815!2sCantigny!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1732559609019!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Batavia Orchid Society Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189.\n\nJudging will be held on March 21, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times: \nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Batavia Orchid Society Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":477,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Jamaica Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Jeremy Whyte","ContactPhone":"1-876-469-3405","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jamaica Horticultural Society Show Hall, 1 Gibson Drive, Kingston 6, Jamaica","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3794.024401843089!2d-76.75417052482028!3d18.02407113297575!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8edb3edc82540391%3A0x5cec4f92b5c7ce09!2sOpposite%20Jamaica%20Horticultural%20Society!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758728555511!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Jamaica Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the Jamaica Horticultural Society Show Hall, 1 Gibson Drive, Kingston 6, Jamaica.\n\nJudging will take place on March 20, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Jamaica Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the Jamaica Horticultural Society Show Hall, 1 Gibson Drive, Kingston 6, Jamaica.","Country":"Jamaica","StateProvince":"Kingston","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":494,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251024/2e59855f-7229-4175-5ee6-b1885f2590d1.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Les Orchidophiles de Montréal \"OrchidExpo 2026\"","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Mario Mireault","ContactPhone":"450-421-4108","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Ahuntsic College, 9155 Rue St-Hubert Street, Montreal, Quebec, H2M 1Y7, Canada ","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d5587.925633439629!2d-73.64509730357442!3d45.551073534301835!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sAhuntsic%20College%2C%209155%20Rue%20St-Hubert%20Street%2C%20Montreal%2C%20Quebec%2C%20H2M%201Y7%2C%20Canada!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761238909563!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Les Orchidophiles de Montréal \"OrchidExpo 2026\" is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the College Ahuntsic, 9155 Rue St-Hubert Street, Montreal, QC, H2M 1Y7, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026, with ribbon judging at 8:00AM and AOS judging at 1:00PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12PM - 6PM\nSun: 9AM - 4PM","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Les Orchidophiles de Montréal \"OrchidExpo 2026\" is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the College Ahuntsic, 9155 Rue St-Hubert Street, Montreal, QC, H2M 1Y7, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":523,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Nutmeg State Orchid Society's \"Come See Our Bloomers\"","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Ginna Plude","ContactPhone":"860-604-1767","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"West Hartford Meeting \u0026 Conference Center, 50 South Main St, West Hartford, CT 06107","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2976.232277332177!2d-72.74434792392154!3d41.7586495712551!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e7acee7edad0c5%3A0x56b62fabf8e76211!2sWest%20Hartford%20Meeting%20%26%20Conference!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765298804304!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Nutmeg State Orchid Society Show \"Come See Our Bloomers\" is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the West Hartford Meeting \u0026 Conference Center, 50 South Main St, West Hartford, CT 06107.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: Noon - 5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Nutmeg State Orchid Society Show \"Come See Our Bloomers\" is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the West Hartford Meeting \u0026 Conference Center, 50 South Main St, West Hartford, CT 06107.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Connecticut","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":531,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Springfield Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Nathan Bell","ContactPhone":"660-888-0225","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Springfield Greene County Botanical Center, 2400 S. Scenic Ave, Springfield, MO 65807","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3179.2053959003615!2d-93.33150922414454!3d37.17158947214361!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87cf63f000000001%3A0x441546e2b9057758!2sSpringfield-Greene%20County%20Botanical%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765991075555!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Springfield Orchid Society Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the Springfield Greene County Botanical Center, 2400 S. Scenic Ave, Springfield, MO 65807.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 7:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nBoth days 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Springfield Orchid Society Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the Springfield Greene County Botanical Center, 2400 S. Scenic Ave, Springfield, MO 65807.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":543,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Pennsylvania Orchid Society 57th Annual Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Wade Hollenbach","ContactPhone":"570-837-9157","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"State College Friends School, 1900 University Drive, State College, PA 16801","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3021.146597379319!2d-77.84202782397085!3d40.78079117138338!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89cea8b2c93fde69%3A0x21d9ead6908a8828!2sState%20College%20Friends%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1729616815613!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Pennsylvania Orchid Society 57th Annual Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the State College Friends School, 1900 University Drive, State College, PA 16801.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm-5pm\nSun: 10am-5pm","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Pennsylvania Orchid Society 57th Annual Show is being held March 21 - 22, 2026 at the State College Friends School, 1900 University Drive, State College, PA 16801.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":550,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Michigan Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"March 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Pam Haxton","ContactPhone":"248-586-9194","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Local 98 Plumbers Union, 555 Horace Brown Dr, Madison Hts, MI 48071","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d745696.4635768896!2d-83.1271787840022!3d43.10710370374493!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8824c5720b3aaf4d%3A0x451202c89940ffd5!2sLocal%2098!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1769549070920!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Michigan Orchid Society Show is being held March 21- 22, 2026 at the Local 98 Plumbers Union, 555 Horace Brown Drive, Madison Heights, MI 48071.\n\nJudging is being held on March 21, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n12:00 PM - 4:30 PM","StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Michigan Orchid Society Show is being held March 21- 22, 2026 at the Local 98 Plumbers Union, 555 Horace Brown Drive, Madison Heights, MI 48071.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"03/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":551,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260130/7e135ac5-6e35-d5b5-3845-92348f4807a9.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Federación Mexicana de OrquideologÃa Festival Internacional de la OrquÃdea âDr. IsaÃas Contreras Juárezâ ","DateRange":"March 26 - April 5, 2026","ContactName":"Moisés Rendon Noriega","ContactPhone":"52 2221667140","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Salón Texin, en Calle Juárez SN, Coatepec, Veracruz México 91583","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3762.129604179681!2d-96.9562544247852!3d19.44997818183319!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x85db2d252fb11a67%3A0x8635bcc61ff64e63!2sTexin%20Events%20Coatepec!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1769614430039!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Federación Mexicana de OrquideologÃa Festival Internacional de la OrquÃdea âDr. IsaÃas Contreras Juárezâ is being held March 26 - April 5, 2026 at the Salón Texin, en Calle Juárez SN, Coatepec, Veracruz México 91583.\n\nJudging is being held on March 26, 2026 at 8:00 AM.","StartDate":"03/26/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Federación Mexicana de OrquideologÃa Festival Internacional de la OrquÃdea âDr. IsaÃas Contreras Juárezâ is being held March 26 - April 5, 2026 at the Salón Texin, en Calle Juárez SN, Coatepec, Veracruz México 91583.","Country":"Mexico","StateProvince":"Veracruz","EndDate":"04/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":445,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Western North Carolina Orchid Society's \"Asheville Orchid Festival\"","DateRange":"March 27 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Graham Ramsey","ContactPhone":"828-691-1121","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"North Carolina Arboretum, 20 Frederick Law Olmsted Way, Asheville, NC 28806","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3248.250257110858!2d-82.61111062422043!3d35.49808967264687!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8859928fee660a3b%3A0x4585c3a152c29f6b!2sThe%20North%20Carolina%20Arboretum!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753210109556!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Western North Carolina Orchid Society's \"Asheville Orchid Festival\" is being held March 27 - 29, 2026 at the North Carolina Arboretum, 20 Frederick Law Olmsted Way, Asheville, NC 28806.\n\nJudging is being held on March 27, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Western North Carolina Orchid Society's \"Asheville Orchid Festival\" is being held March 27 - 29, 2026 at the North Carolina Arboretum, 20 Frederick Law Olmsted Way, Asheville, NC 28806.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":516,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 27 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Bob Sprague, Teitsworh, Baum","ContactPhone":"484-919-2922","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Oaks Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3050.8271133745952!2d-75.46063932400351!3d40.12385617148814!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c691675a70908d%3A0x872174672957ecdf!2sThe%20Greater%20Philadelphia%20Expo%20Center%20%26%20Fairgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764086626425!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 27 - 29, 2026 at the Oaks Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456.\n\nJudging is being held on March 27, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: noon-6pm\nSat: 9am-6pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 27 - 29, 2026 at the Oaks Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":411,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show","DateRange":"March 28 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Susie Whitehead","ContactPhone":"863-381-0522","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3540.8935150852226!2d-81.42254558497125!3d27.441429143734585!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dc5a245ddb8913%3A0xe3c619884af469d1!2sHighlands%20County%20Extension%20Office!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1570027537027!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870.\n\nJudging is being held on March 28, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-4pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":506,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Magicâ ","DateRange":"March 28 -29, 2026","ContactName":"Sherren Wargnier","ContactPhone":"503-428-8982","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2821.9498553553676!2d-123.02745212375196!3d44.98532977107015!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x54bffe17edcc4671%3A0x558f3ae7eac19dca!2sKeizer%20Lions!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762449780602!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Magicâ is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303.\n\nJudging is being held on March 28, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-6pm\nSun: 11am-4pm","StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Magicâ is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":512,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Sonoma County Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\"","DateRange":"March 28 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Susan Anderson","ContactPhone":"415-531-5804","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Santa Rosa Veteran's Memorial Building, 1351 Maple Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3125.3208162914307!2d-122.70363112408538!3d38.43405807182668!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8084480dfc1cbce1%3A0x1002bf48ddc7c6bd!2sSanta%20Rosa%20Veterans%20Memorial%20Building!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1763666984600!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sonoma County Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\" is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Santa Rosa Veteran's Memorial Building, 1351 Maple Ave., Santa Rosa, CA 95404.\n\nJudging is being held on March 28, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Sonoma County Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\" is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Santa Rosa Veteran's Memorial Building, 1351 Maple Ave., Santa Rosa, CA 95404.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":535,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater Omaha Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 28 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Jim Pyrzynski","ContactPhone":"402-734-4112","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lauritzen Gardens, 100 Bancroft St, Omaha, NE 68108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3000.4310006269047!2d-95.91908742394813!3d41.23416867131974!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87938f6ce7ec260b%3A0xb48ff168e026a73e!2sLauritzen%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1734539867092!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Omaha Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Lauritzen Gardens, 100 Bancroft St, Omaha, NE 68108.\n\nJudging is being held on March 28, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Omaha Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Lauritzen Gardens, 100 Bancroft St, Omaha, NE 68108.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Nebraska","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":542,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Desert Valley Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"March 28 - 29, 2026","ContactName":"Linda Smith","ContactPhone":"612-327-4000","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Berridge Nursery, 4647 E Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ 85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3326.7314072353893!2d-111.98143082430678!3d33.508364573366656!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x872b0cf477f2c7f3%3A0xe1e8cb744966bdf5!2sBerridge%20Nurseries!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1735063020543!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Desert Valley Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Berridge Nursery, 4647 E. Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ 85018.\n\nJudging is being held on March 28, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Desert Valley Orchid Society Spring Show is being held March 28 - 29, 2026 at the Berridge Nursery, 4647 E. Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ 85018.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"03/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":507,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Show Orchid and Bromeliad Show","DateRange":"April 3 - 5, 2026","ContactName":"Lucy Matos Lodato","ContactPhone":"305-308-6531","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3583.7556704187677!2d-80.31590742458917!3d26.074240277156836!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9a7975f9d10ad%3A0xe06fd6048e913027!2sFlamingo%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762450807148!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Orchid and Bromeliad Show is being held April 3 - 5, 2026 at the Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330.\n\nJudging is being held on April 3, 2026 at 9:00 AM.","StartDate":"04/03/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Orchid and Bromeliad Show is being held April 3 - 5, 2026 at the Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":532,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Utah Orchid Societyâs âCelebrate Spring!\"","DateRange":"April 4 - 5, 2026","ContactName":"Charla Silverman","ContactPhone":"801-707-5244","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3021.841297057104!2d-111.82620852397163!3d40.76551517138559!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87525fc2552e7cdd%3A0xe1472a655215b7b1!2sRed%20Butte%20Garden%20and%20Arboretum!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1766162091725!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Utah Orchid Societyâs âCelebrate Spring!\" is being held April 4-5, 2026 at the Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108.\n\nJudging is being held on April 4, 2026 at 7:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-6pm","StartDate":"04/04/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Utah Orchid Societyâs âCelebrate Spring!\" is being held April 4-5, 2026 at the Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Utah","EndDate":"04/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":471,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"The Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival","DateRange":"April 10 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Julien Baruch","ContactPhone":"321-441-0144","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3498.7299560875017!2d-81.55858472449569!3d28.727615275612965!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e79e569ed75729%3A0xaf390e3d4b072059!2sKrull-Smith%2C%20Inc!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757439744220!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712.\n\nJudging is being held on April 10, 2026 at 1 PM.\n\nShow Times: \n9am-5pm","StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at Krull-Smith, 2800 W Ponkan Rd, Apopka, FL 32712.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":529,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260223/8da12253-1bec-5f55-d6d7-cfdba4a5ea2e.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Barbados Orchid Society's \"Radiance\"","DateRange":"April 10 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Anita Chandler Marshall","ContactPhone":"246-233-1037","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Barbados Horticultural Headquarters, Balls Christ Church, Bridgetown, Barbados","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d31087.21698694419!2d-59.61733601523441!3d13.105386646822076!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c43f6feaf92f397%3A0xb7d3341d73820faa!2sBarbados%20Agricultural%20Society!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1706646913172!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Barbados Orchid Society's \"Radiance\" is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Barbados Horticultural Headquarters, Balls Christ Church, Bridgetown, Barbados.\n\nJudging is being held on April 10, 2026 at 8:00 AM\n\nShow Times:\n9am to 5pm","StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Barbados Orchid Society's \"Radiance\" is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Barbados Horticultural Headquarters, Balls Christ Church, Bridgetown, Barbados.","Country":"Barbados","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":530,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Alberta Orchid Fair 2026","DateRange":"April 10 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Darrell Albert","ContactPhone":"780-903-2299","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Enjoy Centre, 101 Riel Drive, St. Albert, AB, T8N 3X4, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2366.966342780722!2d-113.65024392325209!3d53.61190297236748!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x53a026f4ff2585dd%3A0x55f958a907b0c031!2sThe%20Enjoy%20Centre!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765906715010!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Orchid Society of Alberta Orchid Fair 2026 is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Enjoy Centre, 101 Riel Drive, St. Albert, AB, T8N 3X4, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on April 10, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: Noon-8pm\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Orchid Society of Alberta Orchid Fair 2026 is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Enjoy Centre, 101 Riel Drive, St. Albert, AB, T8N 3X4, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":564,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"South Carolina Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"April 10 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Clay Owens","ContactPhone":"803-727-4957","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3307.90013912296!2d-81.02516332428597!3d33.99509867317851!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88f8bad1aede47ff%3A0x29902bccff549f06!2sGarden%20Clubs%20of%20Greater%20Columbia!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1770739670797!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The South Carolina Orchid Society Show is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201.\n\nJudging is being held on April 10, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1PM- 6PM\nSat: 10AM - 6PM\nSun: 12PM - 4PM","StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The South Carolina Orchid Society Show is being held April 10 - 12, 2026 at the Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"South Carolina","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":410,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Port St. Lucie Orchid Societyâs âOrchids and Ladybugs Harmony in Nature\"","DateRange":"April 11 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Andrea Heifeld","ContactPhone":"772-528-1955","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Port St. Lucie Polish American Club, 343 NW Prima Vista Blvd, Port St. Lucie, FL 34983","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3544.84370442973!2d-80.36001582454637!3d27.31807967640794!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88deeeae53976289%3A0x924c62e27f5fa39d!2sPolish%20American%20Social%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1746809329071!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Port St. Lucie Orchid Societyâs âOrchids and Ladybugs Harmony in Nature\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Port St. Lucie Polish American Club, 343 NW Prima Vista Blvd, Port St. Lucie, FL 34983.\n\nJudging is being held on April 11, 2026 at 9:30 AM.","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Port St. Lucie Orchid Societyâs âOrchids and Ladybugs Harmony in Nature\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Port St. Lucie Polish American Club, 343 NW Prima Vista Blvd, Port St. Lucie, FL 34983.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":440,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\"","DateRange":"April 11 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Kathleen McCafferty","ContactPhone":"412-916-7812","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3040.83748681416!2d-80.05472338478793!3d40.34595096786542!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8834f9b4d4fbeb93%3A0x4e5374e3e6a10bc8!2sCrowne%20Plaza%20Suites%20Pittsburgh%20South!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1571508158531!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241.\n\nJudging is being held on April 11, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am - 5pm","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":565,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Oregon Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 11 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Zack Bray","ContactPhone":"360-600-7183","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2795.9124720003774!2d-122.68682832372338!3d45.51184057107469!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x54950a16c6b61c87%3A0x2d1664732d286db7!2sSmith%20Memorial%20Student%20Union!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1740680160132!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Oregon Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201.\n\nJudging is being held on April 11, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM-5PM\nSun: 10AM-3PM","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Oregon Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at the Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":569,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260211/4801b816-c640-4881-ac88-0488e279a923.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 11, 2026","ContactName":"Brenda Decker","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.0165169321767!2d-74.01630232393332!3d41.525582871282715!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89dd31c273f86027%3A0xab43fcc8a1d903b9!2sUnion%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755710343131!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on April 11, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Time:\n11am-4pm\nOrchid 101 Talk at Noon\nOrchid Potting Demo at 2:30 PM","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show,Special","Summary":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on April 11, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":573,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260303/639cb8b5-1e2a-3417-5307-d67e2eb56e8e.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Les Orchidophiles de Quebec \"Orchidofolie 2026\"","DateRange":"April 11 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"Marjolaine Plante","ContactPhone":"418-387-7834","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Le Montmartre, 1669 Chemin Saint-Louis, Quebec, QC G1S 1G9","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2732.125941632185!2d-71.24681392365326!3d46.782122671126146!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x4cb89698814ba273%3A0xfac9aa740096b446!2sLe%20Montmartre%20-%20Centre%20culture%20et%20foi!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741115410349!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Les Orchidophiles de Quebec \"Orchidofolie 2026\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at Le Montmartre, 1669 Chemin Saint-Louis, Quebec, QC G1S 1G9, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on April 11, 2026 at 8:00 AM. \n\nShow Times:\nSat: Noon-5pm\nSun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Les Orchidophiles de Quebec \"Orchidofolie 2026\" is being held April 11 - 12, 2026 at Le Montmartre, 1669 Chemin Saint-Louis, Quebec, QC G1S 1G9, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":475,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Genesee Region Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 16 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Kim Hober \u0026 Bill Renick","ContactPhone":"585-746-4621","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Rochester Museum \u0026 Science Center, 657 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2910.717114367624!2d-77.59002472384952!3d43.15246927113029!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d6b5a07fb3613b%3A0x77813523425c6077!2sRMSC%20(Rochester%20Museum%20%26%20Science%20Center)!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758566587067!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Genesee Region Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held April 16 - 19, 2026 at the Rochester Museum \u0026 Science Center, 657 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607.\n\nJudging is being held on April 17, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm-5pm\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm\n","StartDate":"04/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Genesee Region Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held April 16 - 19, 2026 at the Rochester Museum \u0026 Science Center, 657 East Avenue, Rochester, NY 14607.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":566,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Sacramento Orchid Society's \"Timeless Orchids\"","DateRange":"April 17 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Eddie Lopez","ContactPhone":"916-519-2109","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Carmichael Elks Lodge #2103, 5631 Cypress Ave, Carmichael, CA 95608","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3116.3942270901507!2d-121.33523982407547!3d38.639814771780145!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x809adea2f630033f%3A0x4ecac8ed4e73c293!2sCarmichael%20Elks%20Lodge%20%232103!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1737656001106!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Sacramento Orchid Society's \"Timeless Orchids\" is being held April 17 - 19, 2026 at the Carmichael Elks Lodge #2103, 5631 Cypress Ave, Carmichael, CA 95608. \n\nJudging is being held on April 17, 2026 at 1:00 PM. ","StartDate":"04/17/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Sacramento Orchid Society's \"Timeless Orchids\" is being held April 17 - 19, 2026 at the Carmichael Elks Lodge #2103, 5631 Cypress Ave, Carmichael, CA 95608. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":508,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*South Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"April 18 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Arthur Hazboun","ContactPhone":"310-995-1592","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3316.782263908971!2d-118.37488052429582!3d33.76629197326615!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dd4b9509be1fb1%3A0x5a75b389a99bf11a!2sPalos%20Verdes%20Art%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762526601515!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The South Bay Orchid Society Spring Show and Sale is taking place on April 18 -19, 2026 at the Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The South Bay Orchid Society Spring Show and Sale is taking place on April 18 -19, 2026 at the Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":509,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"2026 Toronto Artistic Orchid Association Show ","DateRange":"April 18 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Jimmy Tam","ContactPhone":"647-888-8634","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Center for Immigrant and Community Services, 2330 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M1S 5G5, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2880.7259130039506!2d-79.27827812381656!3d43.77854807109646!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d4d19c56554d61%3A0x9ad2f3a793ab1d!2sCentre%20For%20Immigrant%20%26%20Community%20Services!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1763408472670!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The 2026 Toronto Artistic Orchid Association Show is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Center for Immigrant and Community Services, 2330 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M1S 5G5, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on April 18, 2026 at 8 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n11am - 5 pm","StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The 2026 Toronto Artistic Orchid Association Show is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Center for Immigrant and Community Services, 2330 Midland Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M1S 5G5, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":524,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Heart of Texas Orchid Society's \"Enchanted by Orchids\"","DateRange":"April 18 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Patricia Pingleton","ContactPhone":"512-694-5002","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Zilker Botanical Garden Center, 2220 Barton Springs Road, Austin, TX 78746","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3445.8532692997596!2d-97.77475422443759!3d30.26976167481084!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8644b53a292acda9%3A0x2b9fdfde794a46ad!2sZilker%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765299822508!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Heart of Texas Orchid Society's \"Enchanted by Orchids\" is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Zilker Botanical Garden Centerr (Auditorium), 2220 Barton Springs Road, Austin, TX 78746.\n\nJudging is being held on April 17, 2026 at 5:30 PM (ribbon) and AOS judging to follow.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am - 3:30pm","StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Heart of Texas Orchid Society's \"Enchanted by Orchids\" is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Zilker Botanical Garden Centerr (Auditorium), 2220 Barton Springs Road, Austin, TX 78746.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":574,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Peninsula Orchid Society and Gold Coast Cymbidium Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 18 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Martha Skalak","ContactPhone":"650-740-3254","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3163.670078483885!2d-122.31707942412743!3d37.53927377204558!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x808f9e551617e83f%3A0xde2bc80e0fd94563!2sSan%20Mateo%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1729185704854!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Peninsula Orchid Society and Gold Coast Cymbidium Society Show and Sale is being held on April 18 - 19, 2026 at the San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403.\n\nJudging is being held on April 18, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat - Sun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Peninsula Orchid Society and Gold Coast Cymbidium Society Show and Sale is being held on April 18 - 19, 2026 at the San Mateo Garden Center, 605 Parkside Way, San Mateo, CA 94403.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":580,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"San Diego County Orchid Society's \"Orchids of the Earth\"","DateRange":"April 18 - 19, 2026","ContactName":"Deborah Halliday","ContactPhone":"858-353-5392","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Casa del Prado, Balboa Park, 1650 El Prado, San Diego, CA 92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3356.279081473882!2d-117.15046958481909!3d32.73177938098566!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80d954966a619b91%3A0xe90da574053c02b4!2sCasa%20Del%20Prado!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1671042999132!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"San Diego County Orchid Society's \"Orchids of the Earth\" is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Casa del Prado, Balboa Park, 1650 El Prado, San Diego, CA 92101.\n\nJudging is being held on April 18, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat 9am-6pm\nSun 10am-4pm","StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"San Diego County Orchid Society's \"Orchids of the Earth\" is being held April 18 - 19, 2026 at the Casa del Prado, Balboa Park, 1650 El Prado, San Diego, CA 92101.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":466,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Terrebonne Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 24-26,2026","ContactName":"Martha Cazaubon","ContactPhone":"985-790-0242","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3467.920792610338!2d-90.75880242446186!3d29.63504367513234!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x862110770c6fbe4b%3A0xa67521ab61713736!2sSouthland%20Mall!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756231305948!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Terrebonne Orchid Show and Sale is being held April 24 - 26,2026 at the Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364.\n\nJudging is being held on April 25, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri/Sat: 11am-8pm\nSun:12pm-6 pm\n\nAdditional Contact:\nJenny Loupe- Co-Chair\[email protected] \nph:985-856-4401\n","StartDate":"04/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Terrebonne Orchid Show and Sale is being held April 24 - 26,2026 at the Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"04/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":489,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Vero Beach Orchid Society's \"Art of Orchids\"","DateRange":"April 25 - 26, 2026","ContactName":"Deborah Ford","ContactPhone":"772-257-9189","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Riverside Park, 3001 Riverside Park Dr., Vero Beach, FL 32960","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3534.181072187863!2d-80.36948962453468!3d27.649868976215473!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88de5ecd24a13c9b%3A0xeb735da6d2824b9!2s3001%20Riverside%20Park%20Dr%2C%20Vero%20Beach%2C%20FL%2032963!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760465145887!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Vero Beach Orchid Society's \"Art of Orchids\" is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Riverside Park, 3001 Riverside Park Dr., Vero Beach, FL 32960.\n\nJudging is being held on April 25, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"04/25/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Vero Beach Orchid Society's \"Art of Orchids\" is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Riverside Park, 3001 Riverside Park Dr., Vero Beach, FL 32960.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":515,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"April 25 - 26, 2026","ContactName":"Chester Kieliszek","ContactPhone":"330-467-3731","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Strongsville Recreation Center, 18100 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2996.5462846344476!2d-81.82986192394382!3d41.31873297130866!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8830ea867cba5a53%3A0x2a9d71a63c55322e!2sStrongsville%20Recreation%20%26%20Senior%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764085218277!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Strongsville Recreation Center, 18100 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136.\n\nJudging is being held on April 25, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"04/25/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Strongsville Recreation Center, 18100 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"04/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":525,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Denver Orchid Societyâs âRainforest Retreat\"","DateRange":"April 25 - 26, 2026","ContactName":"Keith Funk","ContactPhone":"303-478-5080","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Denver Botanical Gardens, 1007 York Street, Denver, CO 80206","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3068.336283476846!2d-104.96385882402274!3d39.73209637155798!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x876c7eb83b813ed1%3A0x401bdfcb1ed16e1a!2sDenver%20Botanic%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1704829959514!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Denver Orchid Society's \"Rainforest Retreat\" will be held on April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Denver Botanical Gardens, 1007 York Street, Denver, CO 80206.\n\nJudging is being held on April 25, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"04/25/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Denver Orchid Society's \"Rainforest Retreat\" will be held on April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Denver Botanical Gardens, 1007 York Street, Denver, CO 80206.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"04/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":587,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Indiana Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"April 25 - 26, 2026","ContactName":"Joshua Waymire","ContactPhone":"317-345-8763","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Garfield Park Conservatory, 2505 Conservatory Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46203","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3068.3205399126164!2d-86.14388262402271!3d39.732450071557786!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x886b5a6763a09bbb%3A0x86bbddf267d9417c!2sGarfield%20Park%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1739293998050!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Indiana Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Garfield Park Conservatory, 2505 Conservatory Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46203.\n\nJudging is being held on April 25, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm ","StartDate":"04/25/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Indiana Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 25 - 26, 2026 at the Garfield Park Conservatory, 2505 Conservatory Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46203.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Indiana","EndDate":"04/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":554,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur \"2026 Ponce Orchid Festival\"","DateRange":"April 30 - May 3, 2026","ContactName":"Francisco Martinez","ContactPhone":"787-487-1917","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Centro Del Sur Mall 296X+42C, PR-163, Ponce, PR 00716","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3794.3207736272166!2d-66.60506292482042!3d18.010310982987086!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c1cd590fb432a29%3A0x6d1808da167efc94!2sCentro%20Del%20Sur%20Mall!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741362407795!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur \"2026 Ponce Orchids Festival\" is being held April 30 - May 3, 2026 at Centro del Sur Mall, 296X+42C, PR-163, Ponce, PR 00716.\n\nJudging is being held on April 30, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:00 AM - 8:00 PM","StartDate":"04/30/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur \"2026 Ponce Orchids Festival\" is being held April 30 - May 3, 2026 at Centro del Sur Mall, 296X+42C, PR-163, Ponce, PR 00716","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":423,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Platinum Coast Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\" ","DateRange":"May 1 - 3, 2026","ContactName":"Carolyn Anderson ","ContactPhone":"321-917-3531","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Kiwanis Island Park Gymnasium, 951 Kiwanis Island Park Road, Merritt Island, FL 32952","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3510.923555621186!2d-80.67999222450909!3d28.36116067581407!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e0a9d358c6a01b%3A0xee743c016ec8abf0!2sKiwanis%20Island%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748980220372!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Platinum Coast Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\" is being held May 1 - 3, 2026 at the Kiwanis Island Park Gymnasium, 951 Kiwanis Island Park Road, Merritt Island, FL 32952.\n\nJudging is being held on May 1, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri-Sat: 9am-5pm \nSun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"05/01/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Platinum Coast Orchid Society's \"Wild About Orchids\" is being held May 1 - 3, 2026 at the Kiwanis Island Park Gymnasium, 951 Kiwanis Island Park Road, Merritt Island, FL 32952.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":467,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2026\"","DateRange":"May 2 - 3, 2026","ContactName":"Janet Johns \u0026 Joyce Medcalf","ContactPhone":"613-253-1996","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2803.991523306007!2d-75.75945778444643!3d45.34898337909974!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x4cce0718cc4a6ad7%3A0xc6cc467725843e2b!2sAlgonquin%20College%20Ottawa%20Campus!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1673996094662!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2026\" is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on May 2, 2026 at 7:45am \n\nShow Times:\nSat 12PM-5PM\nSun 9AM-4PM","StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2026\" is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":482,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260217/bfa4bf6f-625f-92b9-d43f-902654474cb9.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Oklahoma Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"May 2 - 3, 2026","ContactName":"Jana Butcher","ContactPhone":"405-209-7657","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3247.893193479097!2d-97.57964942475745!3d35.506919139530815!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87b21a8365a287d5%3A0x6a5c613ed327f327!2sWill%20Rogers%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759252334352!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Oklahoma Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 2- 3, 2026 at the Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112. \n\nJudging is being held on May 2, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Oklahoma Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 2- 3, 2026 at the Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oklahoma","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":556,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Southern Tier Orchid Society Annual Spring Orchid Show ","DateRange":"May 2 - 3, 2026","ContactName":"Jeff Hackett ","ContactPhone":"407-907-8625","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Johnson City Senior Center, 30 Brocton ST, Johnson City, NY 13790","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2959.470454349206!2d-75.9574922239031!3d42.118810771216395!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89daee56d6108487%3A0x2d74eb009fe7b5a4!2sJohnson%20City%20Senior%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1733333821681!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southern Tier Orchid Society Annual Spring Orchid Show is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Johnson City Senior Center, 30 Brocton Street, Johnson City, NY 13790.\n\nJudging is being held on May 2, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 11am-5pm\nSun: 10am-5pm","StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southern Tier Orchid Society Annual Spring Orchid Show is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Johnson City Senior Center, 30 Brocton Street, Johnson City, NY 13790.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":579,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Fort Worth Orchid Societyâs âBold and Beautiful Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"May 2 - 3, 2026","ContactName":"Scott Dienell","ContactPhone":"817-880-3661","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fort Worth Botanical Garden, 3220 Botanic Garden Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3355.9566231452386!2d-97.36638932433878!3d32.740342473678915!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x864e73c535ab312f%3A0x2e94226be033b03f!2sFort%20Worth%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1773244414821!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Fort Worth Orchid Societyâs âBold and Beautiful Orchidsâ is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Fort Worth Botanical Garden, 3220 Botanic Garden Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107.\n\nJudging is being held on May 2, 2026 at 8 AM.","StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Fort Worth Orchid Societyâs âBold and Beautiful Orchidsâ is being held May 2 - 3, 2026 at the Fort Worth Botanical Garden, 3220 Botanic Garden Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":588,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs \"Orquideas de Oaxaca\"","DateRange":"May 2 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Roberto Quijano Hernández","ContactPhone":"(52) 55 74 68 40 11","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3762.433560750982!2d-99.14576042478554!3d19.43686528184349!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x85d1f92a49b6d0f5%3A0x3749886cec238f6d!2sMuseo%20Franz%20Mayer!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1760382253149!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs \"Orquideas de Oaxaca\" is being held May 2 - 10, 2026 at the Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300.\n\nJudging is being held on May 1, 2026 at 10:30 am.\n\nShow Times:\n10am - 5pm","StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs \"Orquideas de Oaxaca\" is being held May 2 - 10, 2026 at the Museo Franz Mayer, Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico, AlcaldÃa Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 06300.","Country":"Mexico","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":526,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"May 8 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Joyce McMillan \u0026 Rick Shadrock","ContactPhone":"832-279-0211 ","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3471.4190928615003!2d-95.12045922446566!3d29.533287175184885!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86409cebee05f385%3A0x7286a3256b8a2f32!2sCity%20of%20Webster%20Civic%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765301133773!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale is being held May 8 - 10, 2026 at the Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598.\n\nJudging is being held on May 9, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8AM to 5PM","StartDate":"05/08/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale is being held May 8 - 10, 2026 at the Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":578,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260309/97757aae-9b92-adce-0a2a-0c7d23aed984.png","JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Triad Orchid Society's \"The Splendor of Orchids: Mother Nature's Palette\"","DateRange":"May 8 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Tracy Isley","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Wanek School of Natural Sciences, High Point University, 708 Montlieu Drive W, High Point, NC 27262","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3229.1341486769934!2d-79.99839757419947!3d35.96814562249597!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1shigh%20point%20university%20wanek%20school%20of%20natural%20sciences!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1772822495944!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Triad Orchid Society's \"The Splendor of Orchids: Mother Nature's Palette\" is being held May 8 - 10, 2026 at The Wanek School of Natural Sciences, High Point University, 708 Montlieu Drive, High Point, NC 27262.\n\nJudging is being held on May 8, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm-5pm\nSat 10am-5pm\nSun:10am-4pm","StartDate":"05/08/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Triad Orchid Society's \"The Splendor of Orchids: Mother Nature's Palette\" is being held May 8 - 10, 2026 at The Wanek School of Natural Sciences, High Point University, 708 Montlieu Drive, High Point, NC 27262.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":561,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Volusia County Orchid Society's \"Orchids Under the Big Top\"","DateRange":"May 9 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Kristin Lochte-Keeler","ContactPhone":"386-316-8528","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Volusia County Fairgrounds, Hester Building, 3150 East New York Ave, DeLand, FL 32724","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3489.0109273529933!2d-81.22711452448507!3d29.0166663754571!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e7190a3481f7d7%3A0x4ab3f0ab5c2b2ed8!2sVolusia%20County%20Fairgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1738349630130!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Volusia County Orchid Society's \"Orchids Under the Big Top\" is being held May 9 - 10, 2026 at the Volusia County Fairgrounds, Hester Building, 3150 East New York Ave, DeLand, FL 32724.\n\nJudging is being held on May 9, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-4pm\n","StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Volusia County Orchid Society's \"Orchids Under the Big Top\" is being held May 9 - 10, 2026 at the Volusia County Fairgrounds, Hester Building, 3150 East New York Ave, DeLand, FL 32724.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":575,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Santa Clara Valley Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"May 9 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Svetlana Perets","ContactPhone":"408-239-9024","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Yamagami's Garden Center, 1361 S De Anza Blvd, Cupertino, CA 95014","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3173.8308024757384!2d-122.03560672413863!3d37.299143672109125!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x808fb51ed1a56f21%3A0x93dcd500d45478dc!2sYamagami\u0026#39;s%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1772557835247!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Santa Clara Valley Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on May 9 -10, 2026 at The Yamagami's Garden Center, 1361 S De Anza Blvd, Cupertino, CA 95014.\n\nJudging is being held on May 9, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat - Sun: 9am-5pm","StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Santa Clara Valley Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on May 9 -10, 2026 at The Yamagami's Garden Center, 1361 S De Anza Blvd, Cupertino, CA 95014.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":549,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Tulsa Orchid Societyâs \"Orchid Kicks on Route 66â","DateRange":"May 16 - 17, 2026","ContactName":"Kay Backues","ContactPhone":"918-521-2965","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Tulsa Garden Center, 2435 S Peoria Ave, Tulsa, OK 74114","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3222.5223880257504!2d-95.97665672375342!3d36.12949200521918!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87b6eca3812c118f%3A0x8c816211d241dd22!2sTulsa%20Garden%20Center%20at%20Woodward%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1769459132681!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tulsa Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Kicks on Route 66â is being held May 16 - 17, 2026 at the Tulsa Garden Center, 2435 S Peoria Ave, Tulsa, OK 74114. \n\nJudging is being held on May 16, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10 AM - 5 PM","StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tulsa Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Kicks on Route 66â is being held May 16 - 17, 2026 at the Tulsa Garden Center, 2435 S Peoria Ave, Tulsa, OK 74114. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oklahoma","EndDate":"05/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":560,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"New Mexico Orchid Guild Orchid Show","DateRange":"May 22 - 23, 2026","ContactName":"Keith Mead","ContactPhone":"505-379-6786","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Albuquerque Garden Center, 10120 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3264.794842220797!2d-106.53957622423864!3d35.086858472785046!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87220a9d9d0ef4d1%3A0xaaf614de8ca8da58!2sAlbuquerque%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741363943057!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The New Mexico Orchid Guild Orchid Show is being held May 22 - 23, 2026 at the Albuquerque Garden Center, 10120 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112.\n\nJudging is being held on May 22, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm - 5pm\nSat: 9am-5pm","StartDate":"05/22/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The New Mexico Orchid Guild Orchid Show is being held May 22 - 23, 2026 at the Albuquerque Garden Center, 10120 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Mexico","EndDate":"05/23/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":528,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Florida Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under the Sun\"","DateRange":"May 23 - 24, 2026","ContactName":"Teri Scott","ContactPhone":"407-463-0274","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Florida National Guard Armory, 2809 S Fern Creek Ave, Orlando, FL 32806","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3505.96285476463!2d-81.36199442450364!3d28.510765275731522!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88e77b41ae314a9d%3A0xd934558441f2e9c5!2sFlorida%20Army%20National%20Guard!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765573797412!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Florida Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under the Sun\" is being held May 23 - 24, 2026 at the Florida National Guard Armory, 2809 S Fern Creek Ave, Orlando, FL 32806.\n\nJudging is being held on May 23, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat 9am- 5pm\nSun: 10am - 4pm","StartDate":"05/23/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Florida Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under the Sun\" is being held May 23 - 24, 2026 at the Florida National Guard Armory, 2809 S Fern Creek Ave, Orlando, FL 32806.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/24/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":576,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Sociedad de Orquidistas del Caribe, Inc â8vo Festival de Orquideasâ ","DateRange":"May 27 - 31, 2026","ContactName":"Daisy Pena Bermudez","ContactPhone":"787-457-9981","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Centrico, Plaza Guayama, Carretera 3km 134.7, Guayama, PR 00784","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3794.975833829547!2d-66.10079372482132!3d17.97986128301189!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c1cb31f6c14af85%3A0xf2809f859a0010dc!2zQ8OpbnRyaWNv!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1713815958528!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sociedad de Orquidistas del Caribe, Inc â8vo Festival de Orquideasâ is being held May 27 - May 31, 2026 at Centrico, Plaza Guayama, Carretera 3km 134.7, Guayama, PR 00784.\n\nJudging is being held on May 28, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9AM-8PM","StartDate":"05/27/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Sociedad de Orquidistas del Caribe, Inc â8vo Festival de Orquideasâ is being held May 27 - May 31, 2026 at Centrico, Plaza Guayama, Carretera 3km 134.7, Guayama, PR 00784.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"05/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":567,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"New Orleans Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"May 29 - 31, 2026","ContactName":"Marian Prigmore","ContactPhone":"504-810-9832","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lakeside Mall, 3301 Veterans Memorial Blvd, Metairie, LA 70002","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3455.061237375729!2d-90.15987252444768!3d30.00639797494277!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8620b0255983fb0f%3A0x94556c70d8751c9e!2sLakeside%20Shopping%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1738697640180!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The New Orleans Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 29 - 31, 2026 at the Lakeside Mall, 3301 Veterans Memorial Blvd, Metairie, LA 70002.\n\nJudging is being held on May 30, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 10am-9pm \nSun: 12pm-4:30pm","StartDate":"05/29/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The New Orleans Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 29 - 31, 2026 at the Lakeside Mall, 3301 Veterans Memorial Blvd, Metairie, LA 70002.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"05/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":545,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Foothills Orchid Societyâs âCalgary Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"May 30 - 31, 2026","ContactName":"Marguerite Salsberry","ContactPhone":"403-973-2687","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Genesis Centre, 7555 Falconridge Blvd NE, Calgary, AB, T3J 0C9, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2504.3533980716034!2d-113.95112782386032!3d51.120389138902574!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x537163993cba1c5b%3A0xd611f2cbf3c35aa5!2sThe%20Genesis%20Centre!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1707252679270!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Foothills Orchid Societyâs âCalgary Orchid Show\" is being held May 30 - May 31,2026 at the Genesis Centre, 7555 Falconridge Blvd NE, Calgary, AB, T3J 0C9, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on May 30, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm - 6pm\nSun: 10am - 5pm","StartDate":"05/30/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Foothills Orchid Societyâs âCalgary Orchid Show\" is being held May 30 - May 31,2026 at the Genesis Centre, 7555 Falconridge Blvd NE, Calgary, AB, T3J 0C9, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"05/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":496,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"June 5 - 7, 2026","ContactName":"Mark Mills","ContactPhone":"901-428-2890","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3263.8357136033455!2d-89.92030062423757!3d35.11081297277672!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x887f8416d2cbd739%3A0xe1003e70a72d3e02!2sMemphis%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761321670891!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held June 5- 7, 2026 at the Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117.\n\nJudging is being held on June 6, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri - Sat: 12pm-5pm\nSun: 11am-4pm","StartDate":"06/05/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held June 5- 7, 2026 at the Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Tennessee","EndDate":"06/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":562,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Baton Rouge Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale ","DateRange":"July 11 - 12, 2026","ContactName":"John W Forrest","ContactPhone":"225-425-9530","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"LSU Rural Life Museum, 4560 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d13763.421043965023!2d-91.13474339246753!3d30.41184816399151!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8626a467efa35cd9%3A0x3d324f951d4e8bb1!2sLouisiana%20State%20University%20Rural%20Life%20Museum!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1746543564026!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Baton Rouge Orchid Society's Orchid Annual Show and Sale is being held July 11 - 12, 2026 at the LSU Rural Life Museum, 4560 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809.\n\nJudging is being held on July 10, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat:9am-4:30pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Baton Rouge Orchid Society's Orchid Annual Show and Sale is being held July 11 - 12, 2026 at the LSU Rural Life Museum, 4560 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"07/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":570,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Ewa Orchid Society Orchid Show","DateRange":"July 17 - 18, 2026","ContactName":"Matthew McKnight","ContactPhone":"808-859-7202","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Ewa Elementary School, 91-1280 Renton Road, Ewa Beach, HI, 96706","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3716.154277151978!2d-158.03718612307566!3d21.344409076859282!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7c00648f98b700e3%3A0xaaeafba09ea2fee7!2s%CA%BBEwa%20Elementary%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1771020408094!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Ewa Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held July 17 - 18, 2026 at the Ewa Elementary School, 91-1280 Renton Road, Ewa Beach, HI, 96706.\n\nJudging is being held on July 16, 2026 at 6:30 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:00 AM - 4:00 PM\n","StartDate":"07/17/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Ewa Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held July 17 - 18, 2026 at the Ewa Elementary School, 91-1280 Renton Road, Ewa Beach, HI, 96706. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":568,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Iowa Orchid Society Speaker's Day","DateRange":"July 18, 2026","ContactName":"Brian Johnson ","ContactPhone":"515-556-0961","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Johnston Lions Club Community Center, 6501 Merle Hay Road, Johnston, IA 50131","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2979.960200163469!2d-93.69959092392563!3d41.678202971264426!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87ee9ce6ab7c2de3%3A0xce4886fb7162bd79!2sJohnston%20Lions%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1737475116430!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Iowa Orchid Society Speaker's Day is being held July 18, 2026 at the Johnston Lions Club Community Center, 6501 Merle Hay Road, Johnston, IA 50131.\n\nJudging is being held on July 18, 2026 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Time:\n8am-4pm\n\n","StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Iowa Orchid Society Speaker's Day is being held July 18, 2026 at the Johnston Lions Club Community Center, 6501 Merle Hay Road, Johnston, IA 50131.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Iowa","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":589,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hilo Orchid Societyâs âOrchids - Legend and Lore\"","DateRange":"July 24 - 26, 2026","ContactName":"Karl Mendonca","ContactPhone":"808-217-7078","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Edith Kanaka'ole Stadium, 350 Kalanikoa St, Hilo, HI 96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3755.886396788502!2d-155.06900902477827!3d19.71746018162378!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x79524b615a1f2d05%3A0x2c14a8b61108fa3a!2sEdith%20Kanakaole%20Multi-Purpose%20Stadium!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743517318302!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Hilo Orchid Societyâs âOrchids - Legend and Lore\" is being held July 24 - 26, 2026 at the Edith Kanaka'ole Stadium, 350 Kalanikoa St, Hilo, HI 96720.\n\nJudging is being held on July 23, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 9am-6pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-1:30pm","StartDate":"07/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Hilo Orchid Societyâs âOrchids - Legend and Lore\" is being held July 24 - 26, 2026 at the Edith Kanaka'ole Stadium, 350 Kalanikoa St, Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":586,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Sociedad Colombiana de Orquideologia \"FLORECER\"","DateRange":"August 4 - 9, 2026","ContactName":"Juan Carlos Sanin Arango","ContactPhone":"+57-314-814-0694","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico de Medellin - Carrera 52 #73-298, Medellin - Antioquia, Colombia","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3965.950064854302!2d-75.56750402500924!3d6.27029759371841!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8e4428e80e411f91%3A0x142ab912fdb68353!2zSmFyZMOtbiBCb3TDoW5pY28gZGUgTWVkZWxsw61u!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745950392104!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sociedad Colombiana de Orquideologia \"FLORECER\" is being held August 4 - 9, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico de Medellin - Carrera 52 #73-298, Medellin - Antioquia, Colombia.\n\nJudging is being held on August 3, 2026 at 8:00 AM. \n\nShow Times:\n9AM - 7PM","StartDate":"08/04/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Sociedad Colombiana de Orquideologia \"FLORECER\" is being held August 4 - 9, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico de Medellin - Carrera 52 #73-298, Medellin - Antioquia, Colombia.","Country":"Colombia","StateProvince":"Medellin","EndDate":"08/09/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":623,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260721/51936cef-e590-851c-5744-c82b322dd962.png","JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of the Palm Beaches Speaker Day 2026: The Great Orchid Extravaganza","DateRange":"August 8, 2026","ContactName":"Luis M Ortiz-Jordan","ContactPhone":"772-453-0634","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mounts Botanical Garden Conference Room Hutchinson Complex, 531 N Military Trl, West Palm Beach, FL 33415","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3564.8464798556715!2d-80.11532182456834!3d26.685391976783496!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d928333dc83abb%3A0x2dd6148126661e13!2sMounts%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748970112261!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of the Palm Beaches Speaker Day 2026: The Great Orchid Extravaganza is being held August 8, 2026 at the Mounts Botanical Garden Conference Room Hutchinson Complex, 531 N Military Trl, West Palm Beach, FL 33415.\n\nJudging is being held on August 8, 2026 at 10:00 AM.\n\nThe presentations being held are:\n\nJim Roberts: âThe Best of The Bifoliate Cattleyasâ\n\nSerena Roman: âHow to Grow Vandasâ\n\nKeith and Dina Emig: âPopular Dendrobium Speciesâ\n\nJason Mackey âThe Little Orchids That Could: Mastering Tolumnia Care\"\n","StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of the Palm Beaches Speaker Day 2026: The Great Orchid Extravaganza is being held August 8, 2026 at the Mounts Botanical Garden Conference Room Hutchinson Complex, 531 N Military Trl, West Palm Beach, FL 33415.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":590,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Miami Valley Orchid Society's \"Ohio Valley Orchid Fest\"","DateRange":"August 22 - 23, 2026","ContactName":"Eric Sauer","ContactPhone":"937-212-0462","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Emmanuel Lutheran Church, 4865 Wilmington Pike, Kettering, OH 45440","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3071.044850176223!2d-84.11668132402568!3d39.671205671569176!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88408559a697c789%3A0x2c21c5a3f978389b!2sEmmanuel%20Lutheran%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1776788670743!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Miami Valley Orchid Society's \"Ohio Valley Orchid Fest\" is being held August 22 - 23, 2026 at the Emmanuel Lutheran Church, 4865 Wilmington Pike, Kettering, OH 45440.\n\nJudging is being held on August 22, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 12pm-3pm\n","StartDate":"08/22/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Miami Valley Orchid Society's \"Ohio Valley Orchid Fest\" is being held August 22 - 23, 2026 at the Emmanuel Lutheran Church, 4865 Wilmington Pike, Kettering, OH 45440.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"08/23/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":637,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Vero Beach Orchid Societyâs âSecond Annual Rare \u0026 Exotic Orchid Exhibition and Saleâ","DateRange":"September 5 - 6, 2026","ContactName":"Luis M. Ortiz Jordan","ContactPhone":"772-453-0634","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mckee Botanical Garden, 350 US 1, Vero Beach, FL 32962","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d5000.002170213734!2d-80.38297098441022!3d27.607928923013397!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88de5f43f82ae76b%3A0x1d838ae04f9e96b5!2sMcKee%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1784915808893!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The
998Vero Beach Orchid Societyâs â Second Annual Rare \u0026 Exotic Orchid Exhibition and Saleâ being held September 5 - 6, 2026 at the Mckee Botanical Garden, 350 US 1, Vero Beach, FL 32962.\n\n\nJudging is being held on September 5, 2026 at 10:00 AM","StartDate":"09/05/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Vero Beach Orchid Societyâs âThe Second Annual Rare \u0026 Exotic Orchid Exhibition and Saleâ is being held September 5 - 6, 2026 at the Mckee Botanical Garden, 350 US 1, Vero Beach, FL 32962.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/06/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":630,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Sociedad de Orquidistas de Mayagüez âFestival de Otoño de Orquideasâ ","DateRange":"September 9, 2026 - September 13, 2026","ContactName":"Nelson Rivera","ContactPhone":"787-550-4606","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mayagüez Mall, 975 Av. Eugenio MarÃa de Hostos, Mayagüez, PR 00680","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3791.1623377835176!2d-67.14560042481716!3d18.156434182867923!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c02b320b97cdb19%3A0x3bc9ba9a82a31f0c!2sMayag%C3%BCez%20Mall!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1717010988268!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sociedad de Orquidistas de Mayaguez âFestival de Otoño de Orquideasâ is being held on September 9 - 13, 2026 in the Mayaguez Mall - Centro Comercial, 975 Av. Eugenio MarÃa de Hostos, Mayagüez, PR 00680.\n\nJudging is being held on September 9, 2026 at 1:00 PM.","StartDate":"09/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Sociedad de Orquidistas de Mayaguez âFestival de Otoño de Orquideasâ is being held on September 9 - 13, 2026 in the Mayaguez Mall - Centro Comercial, 975 Av. Eugenio MarÃa de Hostos, Mayagüez, PR 00680.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"09/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":492,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\"","DateRange":"September 12 - 13, 2026","ContactName":"Richard Odders","ContactPhone":"262-632-3008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2916.712585119058!2d-87.94852312385609!3d43.02643647113878!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88051a3b9067b207%3A0xacf13ad0984f6ec4!2sMitchell%20Park%20Domes%20Horticulture%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1715883106537!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\" is being held September 12 - 13, 2026 at the Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215.\n\nJudging is being held on September 12, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times: 9AM - 4PM both days.","StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Wisconsin Orchid Societyâs âFall in Love with Orchids\" is being held September 12 - 13, 2026 at the Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory, 524 S Layton Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53215.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"09/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":595,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociaciòn Bajaverapacense de Orquideologìa ABOâs âXXXIII Exposiciòn Nacional de Orquideasâ","DateRange":"September 16 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Oscar Eduardo Guillermo Ventura","ContactPhone":"502-3043-8200","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Salón de Usos Múlt
998iples del Club de Leones, Barrio Centro 10 Avenida, Salama, Baja Verapaz, 15001, Guatemala","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"Asociaciòn Bajaverapacense de Orquideologìa ABOâs âXXXIII Exposiciòn Nacional de Orquideasâ is being held September 16 - 20, 2026 at the Salón de Usos Múltiples del Club de Leones, Barrio Centro 10 Avenida, Salama, Baja Verapaz, 15001, Guatemala.\n\n\nJudging is being held on September 15 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9 am - 4 pm","StartDate":"09/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociaciòn Bajaverapacense de Orquideologìa ABOâs âXXXIII Exposiciòn Nacional de Orquideasâ is being held September 16 - 20, 2026 at the Salón de Usos Múltiples del Club de Leones, Barrio Centro 10 Avenida, Salama, Baja Verapaz, 15001, Guatemala.","Country":"Guatemala","StateProvince":"Baja Verapaz","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":559,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"September 18 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Bryan Delaney","ContactPhone":"413-207-4238","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Montgomery County Fairgrounds, 501 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d6188.461782552298!2d-77.22298283022467!3d39.14672980000001!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b62d270c7697d7%3A0x9de7eefbd5feab22!2sMontgomery%20County%20Fair!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1770239001007!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The National Capital Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Montgomery County Fairgrounds, 501 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877.\n\nJudging is being held on September 18, 2026 at 9:00am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 2pm-5pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-3pm","StartDate":"09/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The National Capital Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Montgomery County Fairgrounds, 501 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":597,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"September 18 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Elena Miranda","ContactPhone":"726-230-5213","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"San Antonio Garden Center, 3310 N New Braunfels Ave San Antonio, TX 78209","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3473.997823909342!2d-98.4629412244685!3d29.458073875224027!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x865cf5bdbe22343f%3A0x1ce55a6d5b244272!2sSan%20Antonio%20Garden%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1744044435587!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show \u0026 Sale is being held September 18-20, 2026 at the San Antonio Garden Center 3310 N New Braunfels Ave\nSan Antonio, TX 78209.\n\nJudging is being held on September 18, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"09/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Alamo Orchid Society Annual Orchid Show \u0026 Sale is being held September 18-20, 2026 at the San Antonio Garden Center 3310 N New Braunfels Ave\nSan Antonio, TX 78209.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":610,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*South Bay Orchid Society Fall Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"September 18 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Arthur Hazboun","ContactPhone":"310-995-1592","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3316.782263908971!2d-118.37488052429582!3d33.76629197326615!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dd4b9509be1fb1%3A0x5a75b389a99bf11a!2sPalos%20Verdes%20Art%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762526601515!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The South Bay Orchid Society Spring Show and Sale is taking place on September 18 -20, 2026 at the Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","StartDate":"09/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The South Bay Orchid Society Spring Show and Sale is taking place on September 18 -20, 2026 at the Palos Verdes Art Center 5504 Crestridge Rd. Rancho PV, CA 90275. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":615,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260702/86e8d617-c9cc-7e0a-e483-bd63f4b2d86e.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"(ORCA) Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Internacional de Orquideas ","DateRange":"September 18 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Carlos Eduardo Simonetto","ContactPhone":"55-54-9131-3249","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3484.712678556839!2d-51.20173882448034!3d-29.14366397538947!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x951ea327b40afb9f%3A0x7b848588f348dd8f!2sPavilh%C3%B5es%20da%20Festa%20da%20Uva!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1750170530619!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"(ORCA) Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Internacional de Orquideas is being held on September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil.\n\nJudging will begin at 8:00 AM on 9/20/26.\n","StartDate":"09/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"(ORCA) Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Internacional de Orquideas is being held on September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil.","Country":"Brazil","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":632,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion Orquideologia de Cartago \"Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas Cartago 2026\"","DateRange":"September 18 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Carlos Granados","ContactPhone":"506 8379-1513","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Centro Comercial Paseo Metrópoli, La Lima, Entrada a Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica 30104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3930.8003963731876!2d-83.94519632497058!3d9.867106990231582!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8fa0dfef61ec78db%3A0xbbd21482f26cf090!2sPaseo%20Metr%C3%B3poli!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Asociacion Orquideologia de Cartago \"Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas Cartago 2026\" is being held September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Centro Comercial Paseo Metrópoli, La Lima, Entrada a Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica.\n\nJudging is being held on September 19, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-8pm","StartDate":"09/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Asociacion Orquideologia de Cartago \"Exposicion Nacional de Orquideas Cartago 2026\" is being held September 18 - 20, 2026 at the Centro Comercial Paseo Metrópoli, La Lima, Entrada a Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica.","Country":"Costa Rica","StateProvince":"Cartago","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":581,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Denver Orchid Societyâs âFalling for Orchids\"","DateRange":"September 19th - 20th, 2026","ContactName":"Keith Funk","ContactPhone":"303-478-5080","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3070.6772817246265!2d-104.81381522402526!3d39.67947347156761!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x876c882874aacf45%3A0x87018f0f2cd1b633!2sNick\u0026#39;s%20Garden%20Center%20%26%20Farm%20Market!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1784038067370!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Denver Orchid Society's \"Falling for Orchids\" will be held on September 19th - 20th, 2026, 2026 at the Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014.\n\nJudging is being held on September 19, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-5pm","StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Denver Orchid Society's \"Falling for Orchids\" will be held on September 19th - 20th, 2026, 2026 at the Nickâs Garden Center, 2001 S Chambers Rd, Aurora, CO 80014.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":582,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchids by the Lakeâ ","DateRange":"September 19 - 20, 2026","ContactName":"Keith Emig","ContactPhone":"863-221-3172","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lake Mirror Auditorium, 121 S Lake Ave, Lakeland, FL 33801","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3521.384377149064!2d-81.95252882452061!3d28.043285975991747!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dd3f4a55481d39%3A0xd538cbfd27308a9a!2sLake%20Mirror%20Auditorium!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1774368867965!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchids by the Lakeâ is being held September 19- 20, 2026 at the Lake Mirror Auditorium, 121 S Lake Ave, Lakeland, FL 33801.\n\nJudging is being held on September 19, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Ridge Orchid Societyâs âOrchids by the Lakeâ is being held September 19- 20, 2026 at the Lake Mirror Auditorium, 121 S Lake Ave, Lakeland, FL 33801.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":571,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260310/cd7eb1da-a92e-e5a2-7515-2054f0056bfd.png","JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Kentucky Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"September 26 - 27, 2026","ContactName":"Jan Smith","ContactPhone":"502-645-8633","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"St. Mathews Episcopal Church, 330 N Hubbards Lane, Louisville, KY 40207","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3132.7336559573228!2d-85.64723052409352!3d38.26248287186647!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x886974e208b72ce7%3A0x3be20c5b94a19cbf!2sSt%20Matthew\u0026#39;s%20Episcopal%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741196949127!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Kentucky Orchid Society Show is being held September 26 - 27, 2026 at the St. Mathews Episcopal Church, 330 N Hubbards Lane, Louisville, KY 40207.\n\nJudging is being held on September 26, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 12pm-4pm","StartDate":"09/26/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Kentucky Orchid Society Show is being held September 26 - 27, 2026 at the St. Mathews Episcopal Church, 330 N Hubbards Lane, Louisville, KY 40207.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kentucky","EndDate":"09/27/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":577,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2026 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ","DateRange":"October 3 - 4, 2026","ContactName":"Steven Trammell","ContactPhone":"951-315-4814","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3296.3534307838295!2d-116.40778772427325!3d34.29053637306808!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dad545267dfbc7%3A0xd4361ece3941f4ed!2sGubler%20Orchids%20Inc.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1720558560417!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2026 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at the Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285.\n\nJudging is being held on October 3, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow times: Sat 10AM - 5PM, Sun 10AM - 3PM","StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Riverside/San Bernardino Counties Orchid Societyâs âThe 2026 Morongo Basin Orchid Festivalâ is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at the Gubler Orchids, 2200 Belfield Blvd, Landers, CA 92285.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":627,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Acadian Orchid Society's \"Spook-tacular Orchids\"","DateRange":"October 3 - 4, 2026","ContactName":"Denise Ferguson","ContactPhone":"337-230-1818","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3447.4647399014802!2d-92.01212441387499!3d30.223820945174868!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86249cbd505e81e1%3A0xc9d810d616033a96!2s111%20Goodnight%20Dr%2C%20Lafayette%2C%20LA%2070501!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1784130391755!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Acadian Orchid Society's \"Spook-tacular Orchids\" is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503.\n\nJudging is being held on October 2, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Acadian Orchid Society's \"Spook-tacular Orchids\" is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at Fatima Knights of Columbus Hall, 111 Goodnight Drive, Lafayette, LA 70503.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"10/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":665,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Tampa Orchid Club Expo","DateRange":"October 3 - 4, 2026","ContactName":"Cheryl Crilly","ContactPhone":"813-244-7564","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d4977.636751298809!2d-82.50965865070766!3d28.09406114985589!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sNorthdale%20Recreation%20Center%2C%2015510%20Hooting%20Owls%20Place%2C%20Tampa%2C%20FL%2033624!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753803506538!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tampa Orchid Club Expo is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at the Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624.\n\nJudging is being held on October 3, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 4PM\nSun: 10AM - 3PM","StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tampa Orchid Club Expo is being held October 3 - 4, 2026 at the Northdale Recreation Center, 15510 Hooting Owls Place, Tampa, FL 33624.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":596,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\"","DateRange":"October 7 - 18, 2026","ContactName":"Gordon Wolf","ContactPhone":"209-999-0181","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3197.6443753681647!2d-119.75286992416487!3d36.73110127226681!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80945f007209c709%3A0xf02df1ead89cae8b!2sThe%20Big%20Fresno%20Fair!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761671672670!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\" is being held October 7 - 18, 2026 at the Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.\n\nJudging is being held on March 7, 2026 at 10:00 AM.","StartDate":"10/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central California Orchid Society's \"The Big Fresno Fair\" is being held October 7 - 18, 2026 at the Fresno Fairgrounds, 1121 S Chance Ave, Fresno, CA 93702.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":513,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Central Louisiana Orchid Society Fall Show","DateRange":"October 9 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Eron Borne","ContactPhone":"318-758-0008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Kees Park, 2450 HWY 28 EAST, Pineville, LA 71360","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3407.9431581108165!2d-92.41590622439591!3d31.332942874300343!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86254c785c0d3637%3A0xbfc640c0ee15a198!2sKees%20Park%20Community%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764012575078!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Central Louisiana Orchid Society Fall Show is being held on October 9 - 10, 2026 at the Kees Park, 2450 HWY 28 EAST, Pineville, LA 71360.\n\nJudging is being held on October 9, 2026 at 6:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 2pm-5pm\nSat: 9am-4pm\n","StartDate":"10/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Central Louisiana Orchid Society Fall Show is being held on October 9 - 10, 2026 at the Kees Park, 2450 HWY 28 EAST, Pineville, LA 71360.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":527,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"The Huntington 10th Annual International Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 9 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"Brandon Tam","ContactPhone":"626-405-3568","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3302.675935014251!2d-118.11709912428026!3d34.12904517312816!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80c2db4d02615c73%3A0xb328d70c295f1904!2sThe%20Huntington%20Library%2C%20Art%20Museum%2C%20and%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765482044480!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Huntington 10th Annual International Orchid Show and Sale is being held October 9 - 11, 2026 at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108.\n\nJudging is being held on October 8, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 5PM","StartDate":"10/09/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Huntington 10th Annual International Orchid Show and Sale is being held October 9 - 11, 2026 at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (Brody Center), 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":547,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ","DateRange":"October 10 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"David Tognalli","ContactPhone":"860-299-5647","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sheraton Hartford South Hotel, 100 Capital Blvd, Rocky Hill, CT 06067","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2981.2776070735804!2d-72.67121782354995!3d41.64974367968012!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e64cfbe396904f%3A0xca8cbaf4a3359cb7!2s100%20Capital%20Blvd%2C%20Rocky%20Hill%2C%20CT%2006067!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1780602686031!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Sheraton Hartford South Hotel, 100 Capital Blvd, Rocky Hill, CT 06067.\n\nJudging is being held on October 10, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Connecticut Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Harvestâ is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Sheraton Hartford South Hotel, 100 Capital Blvd, Rocky Hill, CT 06067.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Connecticut","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":619,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2026 Show ","DateRange":"October 10 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"Robbi Shew","ContactPhone":"708-912-4599","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2958.0616996507565!2d-87.79188708455034!3d42.14896647920158!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880fc143349a54f9%3A0x9677f3eff3862a2b!2sChicago%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1601326564643!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2026 Show is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. \n\n Judging is being held on October 10, 2026 at 7 am CT. \n\nShow Times:\n10:00 am - 4:00 pm CT","StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Illinois Orchid Society Fall 2026 Show is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":639,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Northwest Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale","DateRange":"October 10 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"Thomas Bell-Games","ContactPhone":"614-557-3976","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2688.691747360194!2d-122.3183029236056!3d47.632122971192125!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x549014d87a80505b%3A0x2e320c0a5ee2113f!2sVolunteer%20Park%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1785430021431!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Northwest Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112.\n\nJudging is being held on October 10, 2026 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am - 4pm","StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Northwest Orchid Society Fall Show and Sale is being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Volunteer Park Conservatory, 1400 East Galer Street, Seattle, WA, 98112.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Washington","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":643,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Southwest Florida Orchid Society Experience Orchids, Cacti \u0026 Tillandsia Show","DateRange":"October 10 - 11, 2026","ContactName":"Karen Maxwell","ContactPhone":"207-450-7874","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd. · Fort Myers, FL 33901 ","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3566.4555230776905!2d-81.88266592457015!3d26.633893876814522!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88db41c2830d5555%3A0xcffd4e536e6395a3!2sEdison%20%26%20Ford%20Winter%20Estates!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741275197599!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southwest Florida Orchid Society Experience Orchids, Cacti \u0026 Tillandsia Show being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd, Fort Myers, FL 33901.\n\nJudging is being held on October 9, 2026 at 1 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 9am - 4pm","StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southwest Florida Orchid Society Experience Orchids, Cacti \u0026 Tillandsia Show being held October 10 - 11, 2026 at the Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd, Fort Myers, FL 33901.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":624,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Redland International Orchid Festival","DateRange":"October 16 - 18, 2026","ContactName":" Bartholomew Motes","ContactPhone":"(786) 379-5060","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3600.0959574565077!2d-80.49632222460711!3d25.535180377494925!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9e7d3e72fa733%3A0x6b5a9692618a7675!2sFruit%20%26%20Spice%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1751984632496!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Redland International Orchid Festival is being held October 16 - 18, 2026 at the Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031.\n\nJudging is being held on October 15, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nhttps://redlandorchidfestival.com/\n\nShow Times:\nFri: Noon-5pm\nSat-Sun: 9am-5pm","StartDate":"10/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Redland International Orchid Festival is being held October 16 - 18, 2026 at the Redland Fruit \u0026 Spice Park, 24801 SW 187th Ave, Homestead, FL 33031.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":638,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale - \"Reflections\"","DateRange":"October 16 - 18, 2026","ContactName":"Kathryn Collins","ContactPhone":"250-384-9139","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Our Lady of Fatima Hall, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2643.6980714540264!2d-123.38876422355605!3d48.500681371286!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x548f7217592bbc6f%3A0x76e2f2a0056e8c58!2sOur%20Lady%20of%20Fatima%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1785172424480!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale - \"Reflections\" is being held October 16 - 18, 2026 at the Our Lady of Fatima Parish, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on October 16, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm-7pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 1pm-4pm","StartDate":"10/16/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Victoria Orchid Society Show and Sale - \"Reflections\" is being held October 16 - 18, 2026 at the Our Lady of Fatima Parish, 4635 Elk Drive, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 5M2, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"10/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":606,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Peruano de Orquideas' \"PaÃs de Orquideas, 40 añosâ ","DateRange":"October 23 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"Alfredo Manrique","ContactPhone":"519-981-03716","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Universidad Champagnat, Av. Mariscal Ramon Castillo 1270, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d7801.275856497691!2d-77.00867762305344!3d-12.136907443589418!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x9105b80397c280eb%3A0x8158948ba812cbbf!2sUniversidad%20Particular%20Marcelino%20Champagnat!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1780947550149!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Peruano de Orquideas' \"PaÃs de Orquideas, 40 añosâ is being held October 23 - 25, 2026 at the Universidad Champagnat, Av. Mariscal Ramon Castillo 1270, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru. \n\nJudging is being held on October 22, 2026 at 11:00 AM.","StartDate":"10/23/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Peruano de Orquideas' \"PaÃs de Orquideas, 40 añosâ is being held October 23 - 25, 2026 at the Universidad Champagnat, Av. Mariscal Ramon Castillo 1270, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru. ","Country":"Peru","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"10/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":664,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âLaelia Anceps: Colores de Otoño\"","DateRange":"October 23 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"Milton Diaz","ContactPhone":"52 22 81 81 76 85","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Jardin Botanico Clavijero, Instituto de Ecologia, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 91073","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3760.6744504817!2d-96.94652452478358!3d19.512637181783933!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x85db2df766e8b975%3A0xdbe2c560f5813ecd!2sFrancisco%20Javier%20Clavijero%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1787934860948!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âLaelia Anceps: Colores de Otoño\" is being held October 23 - 25, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Clavijero, Instituto de Ecologia, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 91073.\n\nJudging is being held on October 23, 2026 at 9 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am - 5pm\n\n\n\n","StartDate":"10/23/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion Mexicana de Orquideologiaâs âLaelia Anceps: Colores de Otoño\" is being held October 23 - 25, 2026 at the Jardin Botanico Clavijero, Instituto de Ecologia, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 91073.","Country":"Mexico","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"10/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":618,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\"","DateRange":"October 24 - 25, 2026","ContactName":"John Lorence","ContactPhone":"319-624-3666","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Radisson Hotel Conference Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2963.6475580702154!2d-91.65532532390769!3d42.02929257122564!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87e4f05edf0a8443%3A0x538ab639b50da91d!2sRadisson%20Hotel%20Cedar%20Rapids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745331231445!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\" is being held October 24 - 25, 2026 at the Radisson Hotel Event Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402.\n\n\nJudging is being held on October 24, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10 am - 5 pm\nSun: 10 am - 4 pm","StartDate":"10/24/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Eastern Iowa Orchid Societyâs âOrchids are a Scream\" is being held October 24 - 25, 2026 at the Radisson Hotel Event Center, 1200 Collins Road NE, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Iowa","EndDate":"10/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":640,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":" Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âCasa Abierta Gualaceo Orchid Festâ","DateRange":"October 29 - November 8, 2026","ContactName":"Jose Portilla Andrade","ContactPhone":"593-99-308-9281","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Ecuagenera Gualaceo, KM 2 via Cuenca, Gualaceo, Azuay, Ecuador 010350","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d996.1976716927962!2d-78.76482384831196!3d-2.876659735523391!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x91cd0f5bfb5bdfeb%3A0x1b9fdb10ad57820!2sEcuagenera!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1785435538092!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âCasa Abierta Gualaceo Orchid Festâ is being held October 29 - November 8, 2026 at Ecuagenera Gualaceo, KM 2 via Cuenca, Gualaceo, Azuay, Ecuador 010350\n\nJudging is being held on October 28, 2026 at 9:00 AM.","StartDate":"10/29/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":" Asociacion de Orquidistas del Sur âCasa Abierta Gualaceo Orchid Festâ is being held October 29 - November 8, 2026 at Ecuagenera Gualaceo, KM 2 via Cuenca, Gualaceo, Azuay, Ecuador 010350","Country":"Ecuador","StateProvince":"Azuay","EndDate":"11/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":600,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"October 31 - November 1, 2026","ContactName":"Michael Rafferty","ContactPhone":"734-846-5588","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3109.2810416045413!2d-94.69491252406773!3d38.80311327174425!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87c0c7000d51d957%3A0xbd5f4437e60c1523!2sLongHouse%20Visitor%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748533998147!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ is being held October 31 - November 1, 2026 at the Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013.\n\nJudging is being held on October 31, 2026 at 8:00am.\n\nShow Times:\n\n9am - 3pm ","StartDate":"10/31/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Greater Kansas Cityâs âBewitched by Orchidsâ is being held October 31 - November 1, 2026 at the Overland Park Arboretum Longhouse Visitor Center, 9209 W. 179th Street, Overland Park, KS 66013.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"11/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":635,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2026â","DateRange":"November 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Andrea Niessen","ContactPhone":"+57 3155722914","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3982.4704132570137!2d-76.51437982502738!3d3.4778397964965384!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8e30a78b950c0519%3A0x879d246c4f7a685e!2sOrquideorama!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1716911727006!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2026â is being held November 6 - 8, 2026 at Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia.\n\nJudging is being held on November 5, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8AM - 6PM","StartDate":"11/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Asociación Vallecaucana de Orquideologia âCaliorquideas 2026â is being held November 6 - 8, 2026 at Orquideorama, Av. 2 Norte #48-10, Cali, Valle, Colombia.","Country":"Colombia","StateProvince":"Cali","EndDate":"11/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":659,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â Rooted in Historyâ","DateRange":"November 6 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Brigitte Fortin","ContactPhone":"617-838-8682","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2943.4511903250695!2d-71.13731312388539!3d42.46069177118382!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e3744823a2d0f5%3A0x4013c4d1438a78f6!2sSons%20of%20Italy!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1749573133854!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â Rooted in Historyâ is being held November 6 - 8, 2026 at Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890. \n\nJudging is being held on November 6, 2026 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12:30pm - 5pm\nSat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am - 4pm","StartDate":"11/06/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â Rooted in Historyâ is being held November 6 - 8, 2026 at Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"11/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":633,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"Utah Orchid Societyâs âA Banquet of Orchids\"","DateRange":"November 7 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Charla Silverman","ContactPhone":"801-707-5244","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3021.841297057104!2d-111.82620852397163!3d40.76551517138559!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87525fc2552e7cdd%3A0xe1472a655215b7b1!2sRed%20Butte%20Garden%20and%20Arboretum!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1766162091725!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Utah Orchid Societyâs âA Banquet of Orchids\" is being held November 7 - 8, 2026 at the Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108.\n\nJudging is being held on November 7, 2026 at 7:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-6pm","StartDate":"11/07/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Utah Orchid Societyâs âA Banquet of Orchids\" is being held November 7 - 8, 2026 at the Red Butte Garden, 300 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Utah","EndDate":"11/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":673,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Research and Development Center - National Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show","DateRange":"November 12 - 16, 2026","ContactName":"Dr. Hong-Hwa Chen","ContactPhone":"+886-921-212-134","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d7345.358989087841!2d120.2147202425594!3d22.998810416761593!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x346e76929d696c03%3A0x5b036fe9505b5462!2sNCKU%20Main%20Library!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1789571603275!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Research and Development Center - National Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show is being held November 12 - 16, 2026 at the National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan.\n\nJudging is being held on November 11, 2026 at 9AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:00 am - 5:00 pm","StartDate":"11/12/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Research and Development Center - National Cheng Kung University Fall Orchid Show is being held November 12 - 16, 2026 at the National Cheng Kung University Library, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 702, Taiwan.","Country":"Taiwan","StateProvince":"Taiwan","EndDate":"11/16/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":599,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"5ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas: Pasatiempo, Arte, y Ciencia\"","DateRange":"November 13 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Edwin Perez","ContactPhone":"787-362-1425","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carretera 834 Barrio Sonadora, Guaynabo, PR 00971","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d42853.67724956455!2d-66.12213392186054!3d18.31231896009122!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sParque%20Forestal%20La%20Marquesa%2C%20Carr%20834%20Bo%2C%20Guaynabo%2C%20PR%2000971.!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759250571874!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"5ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas: Pasatiempo, Arte, y Ciencia\" is being held November 13 - 15, 2026 at the Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carr 834 Bo, Guaynabo, PR 00971.\n\nJudging is being held on November 13, 2026 at 10:00 AM\n\nShow Times:\n9am - 5pm","StartDate":"11/13/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society's \"5ta. Exhibicion Educativa de Orquideas: Pasatiempo, Arte, y Ciencia\" is being held November 13 - 15, 2026 at the Parque Forestal La Marquesa, Carr 834 Bo, Guaynabo, PR 00971.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"11/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":655,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Niagara Frontier Orchid Society's \"Orchids Under the Dome\"","DateRange":"November 14-15, 2026","ContactName":"Susan Charles","ContactPhone":"716-912-5285","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2926.1175125139775!2d-78.82828652386641!3d42.828131471153306!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d30e2f0ed813f9%3A0x292c86b54ab3cb05!2sBuffalo%20and%20Erie%20County%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756493667078!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Niagara Frontier Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under the Dome\" is being held November 14 - 15, 2026 at the Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218.\n\nJudging is being held on November 14, 2026 at 8 AM. \n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am - 4pm\nSun: 10am - 3pm","StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Niagara Frontier Orchid Societyâs âOrchids Under the Dome\" is being held November 14 - 15, 2026 at the Buffalo \u0026 Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Ave, Buffalo, NY 14218.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"11/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":658,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Deerfield Beach Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Obsessionâ ","DateRange":"November 14 - 15, 2026","ContactName":"Cheryl Babcock","ContactPhone":"954-464-8996","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Safe Schools Institute,1790 Spanish River Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3574.147594215074!2d-80.12173562457862!3d26.38641887696479!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d91e3fa22b8357%3A0x516837649f09047!2sSafe%20Schools%20Institute!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753890171109!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Deerfield Orchid Society's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held November 14 - 15, 2026 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.\n\nJudging is being held on November 14, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Time:\n10:00 AM - 5:00 PM","StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Deerfield Orchid Society's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held November 14 - 15, 2026 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":671,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260914/cab62a97-63aa-38a9-8fbb-280f99c7f552.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Fall 2026 Orchid Show","DateRange":"November 14, 2026","ContactName":"Ruth Nattras","ContactPhone":" (845) 343-2901","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.0165169321767!2d-74.01630232393332!3d41.525582871282715!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89dd31c273f86027%3A0xab43fcc8a1d903b9!2sUnion%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755710343131!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Fall 2026 Orchid Show is taking place on November 14, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Fall 2026 Orchid Show is taking place on November 14, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":657,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVII Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\"","DateRange":"November 18 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Herbert Soto","ContactPhone":"502-3197-3752","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3845.26796651378!2d-90.37534892487658!3d15.470011885125999!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x858a410055217685%3A0xdf8c0741cab1cca1!2sConvento%20de%20Santo%20Domingo%20de%20Guzm%C3%A1n!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753470741544!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVII Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\" is being held November 18 - 22, 2026 at the Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001.\n\n\nJudging is being held on November 18, 2026 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8 AM - 6 PM","StartDate":"11/18/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociación Altaverapacense de Orquideologia âLa XLVII Exposición Internacional de Orquideas de Cobán\" is being held November 18 - 22, 2026 at the Convento Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán, 1a. Ave. 1-31 zona 3, Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala 16001.","Country":"Guatemala","StateProvince":"Alta Verapaz","EndDate":"11/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":622,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2026\"","DateRange":"November 20 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Ralph Belk \u0026 Karolina Gabbrielli","ContactPhone":"704-619-7152","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sarah P. Duke Gardens, 420 Anderson St, Durham, NC 27705","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3227.746433745008!2d-78.9340929241979!3d36.00206177248542!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89ace6a92fb906a5%3A0x51bc1f0d3f8e19ee!2sSarah%20P.%20Duke%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1782844936664!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2026\" is being held November 20 - 22, 2026 at theSarah P. Duke Gardens, 420 Anderson St, Durham, NC 27705.\n\nJudging is being held on November 20, 2026 at 12:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1PM-5PM\nSat: 10AM-5PM\nSun: 10AM-3PM","StartDate":"11/20/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Triangle Orchid Society's \"Fall for Orchids 2026\" is being held November 20 - 22, 2026 at theSarah P. Duke Gardens, 420 Anderson St, Durham, NC 27705.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"11/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":611,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festival 2026â","DateRange":"November 21 - 22, 2026","ContactName":"Vivian Lin","ContactPhone":"734-834-4367","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2950.889003904629!2d-83.66577842389367!3d42.30223377119836!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x883cabe478937947%3A0x98f029f1869e4017!2sMatthaei%20Botanical%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748629091237!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festivalâ is being held November 21-22, 2026 at Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro RD, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. \n\nJudging is being held on November 21, 2026 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 4PM","StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Ann Arbor Orchid Society's âAnn Arbor Orchid Festivalâ is being held November 21-22, 2026 at Matthaei Botanical Gardens, 1800 N Dixboro RD, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"11/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":644,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia \"XXIII Exposicion de Orquideas\"","DateRange":"December 1 - 8, 2026","ContactName":"Julie Jordan","ContactPhone":"+573102279596","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Corferias, carrera 37 #24 67, Entrada Principal Bogota, Cundinarmarca, Colombia ","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3976.803151944241!2d-74.09253242502113!3d4.629180295345555!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8e3f9bd9b9e73d65%3A0x3f449bb47da9bef3!2sCorfer%C3%ADas!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1785940149959!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia âXXIII Exposicion de Orquideasâ is being held December 1 - 8, 2026 at Corferias, carrera 37 #24 67, Entrada principal Bogota, Cundinarmarca, Colombia.\n\nJudging is being held on December 3, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8am-8pm","StartDate":"12/01/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Asociacion Bogotana de Orquideologia âXXIII Exposicion de Orquideasâ is being held December 1 - 8, 2026 at Corferias, carrera 37 #24 67, Entrada principal Bogota, Cundinarmarca, Colombia.","Country":"Colombia","StateProvince":"Bogota","EndDate":"12/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":607,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"December 12 - 13, 2026","ContactName":"Rita Zeblin","ContactPhone":"(772) 418-7426","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3540.4926526185927!2d-80.32620568494345!3d27.453917982897572!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88def1023342c2a9%3A0x245292827d7e3fa!2sRiver%20Walk%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1588187778446!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held December 12 - 13, 2026 at the River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950. \n\nIf you contact the phone number listed above, please do so by text only!\n\nJudging is being held on December 12, 2026 at 9:00 AM.","StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Fort Pierce Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held December 12 - 13, 2026 at the River Walk Center, 600 N Indian River Drive, Ft. Pierce, FL 34950. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":649,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Odyssey\"","DateRange":"January 8 - 10, 2027","ContactName":"Luanne Betz","ContactPhone":"954-341-2874","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fort Lauderdale War Memorial Auditorium, 800 NE 8th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3581.937385621975!2d-80.13697122458714!3d26.1335844771202!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d901ae793f1bfd%3A0x1e1b5d5babc529c3!2sFTL%20War%20Memorial!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1786557377415!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Odyssey\" is being held January 8 - 10, 2027 at the Fort Lauderdale War Memorial Auditorium, 800 NE 8th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304.\n\nJudging is being held on January 8, 2027 at 8:30am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 9am-5pm\nVIP: 9am-11am\nSat/Sun: 10am-5pm","StartDate":"01/08/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Fort Lauderdale Orchid Society's \"Orchid Odyssey\" is being held January 8 - 10, 2027 at the Fort Lauderdale War Memorial Auditorium, 800 NE 8th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/10/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":651,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"North Jersey Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"January 15 - 17, 2027","ContactName":"Joseph Rohal and Ralph Wahl ","ContactPhone":"973-204-6515","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3034.5721620665904!2d-74.43920242398559!3d40.48472917142877!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c3c643b865bc57%3A0x865950567ef554ae!2sDouglass%20Student%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1752866929276!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The North Jersey Orchid Society Show is being held January 15 - 17, 2027 at the Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.\n\nJudging is being held on January 15, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12pm-5pm\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun:10am-4pm","StartDate":"01/15/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The North Jersey Orchid Society Show is being held January 15 - 17, 2027 at the Rutgers University, Douglass Student Center, 100 George St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"01/17/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":653,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Grand Valley Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"January 23 - 24, 2027","ContactName":"Jill Wood","ContactPhone":"616-218-7707","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2918.9414127703244!2d-85.59268722385855!3d42.979507771142075!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x881853239d44fcb9%3A0x5ee5df4ee49fe7d5!2sFrederik%20Meijer%20Gardens%20%26%20Sculpture%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1723140254913!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Grand Valley Orchid Society Show is being held January 23 - 24, 2027 at the Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525.\n\nJudging is being held on January 23, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 11AM - 5PM","StartDate":"01/23/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Grand Valley Orchid Society Show is being held January 23 - 24, 2027 at the Frederik Meijer Gardens \u0026 Sculpture Park, 1000 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"01/24/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":604,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Susquehanna Orchid Society's \"For the Love of Orchids\"","DateRange":"January 29 - 31, 2027","ContactName":"Walter Meshaka","ContactPhone":"717-728-0533","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Milton and Catherine Hershey Conservatory at Hershey Gardens, 170 Hotel Road, Hershey, PA 17033","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m14!1m8!1m3!1d12172.213899528024!2d-76.657017!3d40.2967716!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x0%3A0x9cb23404da54282b!2sMilton+%26+Catherine+Hershey+Conservatory+At+Hershey+Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1508192120750","FullDescription":"Susquehanna Orchid Society's \"For the Love of Orchids\" is being held January 29 - 31, 2027 at the Milton and Catherine Hershey Conservatory at Hershey Gardens, 170 Hotel Road, Hershey, PA 17033.\n\nJudging is being held on January 28 ,2027 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am - 5pm","StartDate":"01/29/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Susquehanna Orchid Society's \"For the Love of Orchids\" is being held January 29 - 31, 2027 at the Milton and Catherine Hershey Conservatory at Hershey Gardens, 170 Hotel Road, Hershey, PA 17033.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"01/31/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":621,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260714/721339d5-91b0-cb60-1497-bdb6d16c693c.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale \"Orchids - Portraits Through Time\"","DateRange":"January 29 - 31, 2027","ContactName":"Jo Ann Vaz ","ContactPhone":"601-530-8778","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3441.535438771132!2d-88.64534387443284!3d30.392546974750143!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x889bf1d04234424d%3A0x99842e77c1a88fdb!2sGautier%20Convention%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1724956007974!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 29 - 31, 2027 at the Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553.\n\nJudging is being held on January 30, 2027 at 8:00am.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 12pm - 5:30pm\nSun: 10am-3:30pm","StartDate":"01/29/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Gulf Coast Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held January 29 - 31, 2027 at the Gautier Convention Center, 2012 Library Lane, Gautier, MS 39553.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Mississippi","EndDate":"01/31/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":612,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"January 30 - 31, 2027","ContactName":"Ruth Ullery","ContactPhone":"727-550-7993","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" Walter Fuller Park, St. Petersburg Recreation Center, 7901 30th Ave N, St. Petersburg, FL 33710","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3529.388001944988!2d-82.7510792745294!3d27.797825426130714!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sWalter%20Fuller%20Park%2C%20St.%20Petersburg%20Recreation%20Center%2C%207901%2030th%20Ave%20N%2C%20St.%20Petersburg%2C%20FL%2033710!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1782237543846!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ is being held on January 30 - 31, 2027 at the Walter Fuller Park, St. Petersburg Recreation Center, 7901 30th Ave N, St. Petersburg, FL 33710.\n\nJudging will be held on January 30, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10AM - 4PM","StartDate":"01/30/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Florida West Coast Orchid Societyâs âA Rainbow of Orchidsâ is being held on January 30 - 31, 2027 at the Walter Fuller Park, St. Petersburg Recreation Center, 7901 30th Ave N, St. Petersburg, FL 33710.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/31/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":656,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"January 30 - 31, 2027","ContactName":"Michael Dyda","ContactPhone":"612-223-4059","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2822.1281453550096!2d-93.15385232375219!3d44.98170787107015!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x52b32b109a8cbf63%3A0xf660992a6fe1c2f2!2sMarjorie%20McNeely%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757615606680!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\" is being held January 30 - 31, 2027 at the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103.\n\nJudging is being held on January 30, 2027 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10:00 AM - 4:00 PM","StartDate":"01/30/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota's \"Winter Carnival Orchid Show\" is being held January 30 - 31, 2027 at the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Drive, St. Paul, MN 55103.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Minnesota","EndDate":"01/31/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":609,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"February 6 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Judy Loeffler \u0026 Carol Wood","ContactPhone":"941-488-4545","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3551.9409876271566!2d-82.44951062455418!3d27.095156576538926!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c35bbbcadb9745%3A0x6eb1119ac353c79d!2sVenice%20Community%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748368215139!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285.\n\n\nJudging will be held on February 6, 2026 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 10AM - 4PM","StartDate":"02/06/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Venice Area Orchid Society Show \u0026 Sale is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Venice Community Center, 326 S Nokomis Ave, Venice, FL 34285.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":647,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Three Rivers Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"February 6 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Kim Weldon","ContactPhone":"260-348-7587","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3007.68769097068!2d-85.14167912395611!3d41.07581887134113!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8815e4f25f68d7a9%3A0x354a3db3235365b4!2sFoellinger-Freimann%20Botanical%20Conservatory!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755800481530!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Three Rivers Orchid Society Show is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802.\n\nJudging is being held on February 6, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm - 5pm\nSun: 12pm - 4pm","StartDate":"02/06/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Three Rivers Orchid Society Show is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, 1100 S Calhaun St, Fort Wayne, IN 46802.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Indiana","EndDate":"02/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":652,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\"","DateRange":"February 6 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Terri Jozwiak","ContactPhone":"608-592-7906","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2914.5617894497464!2d-89.38272512385373!3d43.07168317113558!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8806533e69d92151%3A0xec3bcab772dbe6dd!2sMonona%20Terrace%20Community%20and%20Convention%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1743010728480!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\" is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703. \n\nJudging is being held on February 6, 2027 at 7:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-5pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"02/06/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Growers Guild's \"Orchid Quest\" is being held February 6 - 7, 2027 at the Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center, 1 John Nolen Dr, Madison, WI 53703. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"02/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":605,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Boca Raton Orchid Societyâs âIn Love Withâ¦Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"February 13-14, 2027","ContactName":"Kathy Kersey","ContactPhone":"954-802-3575","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd, Boca Raton, FL 33431","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3574.147594215074!2d-80.12173562457862!3d26.38641887696479!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d91e3fa22b8357%3A0x516837649f09047!2sSafe%20Schools%20Institute!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1742921833052!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Boca Raton Orchid Society's \"In Love With... Orchids\" is being held February 13-14, 2027 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.\n\nJudging is being held on February 13, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShowtimes: \n\n10am - 5pm","StartDate":"02/13/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Boca Raton Orchid Society's \"In Love With... Orchids\" is being held February 13-14, 2027 at the Safe Schools Institute, 1790 NW Spanish River Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":625,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260714/1c5a8b5b-2cbb-517a-8e87-beadf2042900.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âExplore the Exotic\" Annual Show and Sale","DateRange":"February 13 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Cathy Dunn","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2882.8644457614973!2d-79.36077122381893!3d43.73414277109848!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89d4cd41d4cf54e9%3A0x2349c35f5eaff827!2sToronto%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1754586951514!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âExplore the Exoticâ Annual Show and Sale is being held February 13 - 14, 2027 at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on February 13, 2027 at 7:45 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat - Noon - 5PM\nSun - 11AM - 4PM","StartDate":"02/13/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southern Ontario Orchid Societyâs âExplore the Exoticâ Annual Show and Sale is being held February 13 - 14, 2027 at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"02/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":634,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Fiesta\"","DateRange":"February 19 - 21, 2027","ContactName":"Marie Harris","ContactPhone":"239-877-1717","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3582.757018208623!2d-81.77364502458806!3d26.106849277136597!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dae3e39722c495%3A0xc4655d99e7c17665!2sNaples%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753208363489!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Fiesta\" is being held February 19 - 21, 2027 at the Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112.\n\nJudging is being held on February 18, 2027 at 9 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 8am-8pm\nSat \u0026 Sun: 8am-5pm","StartDate":"02/19/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Naples Orchid Society's \"Orchid Fiesta\" is being held February 19 - 21, 2027 at the Naples Botanical Garden, 4820 Bayshore Drive, Naples, FL 34112.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/21/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":614,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"February 20 - 21, 2027","ContactName":"Susie Whitehead","ContactPhone":"863-381-0522","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3540.8935150852226!2d-81.42254558497125!3d27.441429143734585!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88dc5a245ddb8913%3A0xe3c619884af469d1!2sHighlands%20County%20Extension%20Office!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1570027537027!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show is being held February 20 - 21, 2027 at the Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870.\n\nJudging is being held on February 20, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10am-4pm\nSun: 10am-3pm","StartDate":"02/20/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Highlands County Orchid Show is being held February 20 - 21, 2027 at the Bert J Harris Agri-Civic Center, 4509 George Boulevard, Sebring, FL 33870.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/21/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":660,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show","DateRange":"February 27 - 28, 2027","ContactName":"Becky Thayer","ContactPhone":"517-281-1810","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI 48840","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2928.2617555010293!2d-84.38372072386879!3d42.78281597115676!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8822e6ed88468c97%3A0xf61184d7014fb487!2sVan%20Atta\u0026#39;s%20Greenhouse%20%26%20Flower%20Shop!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756227970738!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held February 27 - 28, 2027 at the Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI, 48840.\n\nJudging is being held on February 27, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 12pm - 5pm \nSun: 11am - 4pm","StartDate":"02/27/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Lansing Orchid Society Orchid Show is being held February 27 - 28, 2027 at the Van Atta's Greenhouse \u0026 Flower Shop, 9008 Old M-78, Haslett, MI, 48840.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"02/28/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":598,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Virginia Orchid Society's \"VOS 2027 Orchid Show\" ","DateRange":"March 5 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Irina Neverova","ContactPhone":"804-536-7136","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Henrico, VA 23228","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3160.1913480265207!2d-77.4731028846868!3d37.62118657978774!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b115d8ae72e02f%3A0x48cfaecff31c41b2!2sLewis%20Ginter%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1630519907683!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Virginia Orchid Society's \"VOS 2027 Orchid Show\" is being held March 5 - 7, 2027 at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmand, VA 23228.\n\nJudging is being held on March 5, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 10am - 5pm\nSat: 9am - 5pm\nSun: 9am - 3pm","StartDate":"03/05/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Virginia Orchid Society's \"VOS 2027 Orchid Show\" is being held March 5 - 7, 2027 at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmand, VA 23228.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Virginia","EndDate":"03/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":675,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Mobile Area Orchid Society 48th Show","DateRange":"March 5 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Joseph Paine","ContactPhone":"251-209-1008","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Rd, Theodore, AL 36582","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3440.164742119278!2d-88.14339092443137!3d30.431431474730964!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x889a34bca0d0b825%3A0x8bd34f06705d1edf!2sBellingrath%20Gardens%20%26%20Home!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759251067706!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Mobile Area Orchid Society 48th Show is being held March 5 - 7, 2027 at the Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Road, Theodore, AL 36582.\n\nJudging is being held on March 6, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri \u0026 Sat: 10am - 5pm\nSun: 10am- 3pm\n\n","StartDate":"03/05/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Mobile Area Orchid Society 48th Show is being held March 5 - 7, 2027 at the Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Garden Road, Theodore, AL 36582.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Alabama","EndDate":"03/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":631,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Tampa Bay Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":" March 6 - 7, 2027","ContactName":"Frances Roberts","ContactPhone":"813-597-8322","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3524.3916304655036!2d-82.50131892452393!3d27.95128997604363!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88c2c30b1091d045%3A0x9e41c59784b0b384!2sSons%20of%20Italy%20Lodge!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757441231694!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Tampa Bay Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 6 - 7, 2027 at the Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609.\n\nJudging is being held on March 6, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"03/06/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Tampa Bay Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 6 - 7, 2027 at the Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/07/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":603,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 12-14, 2027","ContactName":"Valerie Lowe","ContactPhone":"410-599-2923","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Cow Palace at the Timonium Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3080.9856353501846!2d-76.63435287403658!3d39.44705667161212!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sMaryland%20State%20Fairgrounds%20Cow%20Palace%2C%202200%20York%20Road%2C%20Timonium%2C%20MD%2021093!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761670877970!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 12-14, 2027 at the Cow Palace at the Timonium Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093.\n\nJudging is being held on March 11, 2027 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-6pm","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Maryland Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held March 12-14, 2027 at the Cow Palace at the Timonium Fairgrounds, 2200 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":641,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Terrebonne Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"March 12-14, 2027","ContactName":"Denise Mitchell","ContactPhone":"985-688-5875","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3467.920792610338!2d-90.75880242446186!3d29.63504367513234!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x862110770c6fbe4b%3A0xa67521ab61713736!2sSouthland%20Mall!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1756231305948!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Terrebonne Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364.\n\nJudging is being held on March 13, 2027 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri/Sat: 11am-8pm\nSun:12pm-6 pm\n\nAdditional Contact:\nPam Russo \nMartha Cazaubon\n","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Terrebonne Orchid Show and Sale is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Southland Mall, 5953 West Park Ave, Houma, LA 70364.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":645,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2027 Atlanta Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"March 12 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Danny Lentz","ContactPhone":"770-362-0575","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3315.866062053243!2d-84.37517372429474!3d33.78995677325696!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88f5043825d515d1%3A0xa0eaf981e881d6b5!2sAtlanta%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753887721472!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2027 Atlanta Orchid Show\" is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309. \n\nJudging is being held on March 13, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Atlanta Orchid Societyâs â2027 Atlanta Orchid Show\" is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden, 1345 Piedmont Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30309. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":661,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Flower Power!\"","DateRange":"March 12 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Nancy Duffy \u0026 Susan Kiesel ","ContactPhone":"603-546-3146","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Courtyard by Marriott Nashua, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2928.0763882360725!2d-71.49950292386863!3d42.78673497115651!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e3b6bf9d3efef7%3A0x4394af428bdfb996!2sCourtyard%20by%20Marriott%20Nashua!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1787757920277!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Flower Power!\" is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Courtyard by Marriott Nashua, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063.\n\nJudging is being held on March 12, 2027 at 11:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1pm-5pm\nSat: 8am-5pm\nSun: 8am-4pm","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The New Hampshire Orchid Society's \"Flower Power!\" is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Courtyard by Marriott Nashua, 2200 Southwood Drive, Nashua, NH 03063.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Hampshire","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":666,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Englewood Area Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Flower Powerâ ","DateRange":"March 12 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Ken Woodward \u0026 Debbie Robbins","ContactPhone":"941-876-0109","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Tringali Community Center, 3460 North Access Road, Englewood, FL 34224","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3557.0013074211124!2d-82.29449422455967!3d26.935173026633837!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sTringali%20Community%20Center%2C%203460%20North%20Access%20Road%2C%20Englewood%2C%20FL%2034224!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1788281806428!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Englewood Area Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Flower Powerâ is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Tringali Community Center, 3460 North Access Road, Englewood, FL 34224.\n\nJudging is being held on March 12, 2027 at 3:00 PM.","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Englewood Area Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Flower Powerâ is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Tringali Community Center, 3460 North Access Road, Englewood, FL 34224.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":672,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Santa Barbara International Orchid Show","DateRange":"March 12 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Olivia Sorgman","ContactPhone":"805-252-2068","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3290.8722533582313!2d-119.73789982426726!3d34.42999987301708!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80e914e441dcc0fd%3A0x25c89d0a32c7992e!2sEarl%20Warren%20Showgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764082985911!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Santa Barbara International Orchid Show is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.\n\nJudging is being held on March 12, 2027 at 12:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-5pm","StartDate":"03/12/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Santa Barbara International Orchid Show is being held March 12 - 14, 2027 at the Earl Warren Showgrounds, 3400 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":650,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Batavia Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"March 13 - 14, 2027","ContactName":"Larry Sexton","ContactPhone":"630-841-5955","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2971.8079308223746!2d-88.16033992391665!3d41.85396077124437!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880e5590401c8ac1%3A0x9e1d82d59f751815!2sCantigny%20Park!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1786640272010!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Batavia Orchid Society Show is being held March 13 - 14, 2027 at Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189.\n\nJudging will be held on March 13, 2027 at 10:00 AM.\n\nShow Times: \nSat: 9am-4pm\nSun: 9am-3pm","StartDate":"03/13/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Batavia Orchid Society Show is being held March 13 - 14, 2027 at Cantigny Park, 1S 151 Winfield Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"03/14/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":601,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\"","DateRange":"March 19 - 21, 2027","ContactName":"Gary VanGelder","ContactPhone":"412-638-9756","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3040.83748681416!2d-80.05472338478793!3d40.34595096786542!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8834f9b4d4fbeb93%3A0x4e5374e3e6a10bc8!2sCrowne%20Plaza%20Suites%20Pittsburgh%20South!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1571508158531!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held March 19 - 21, 2027 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241.\n\nJudging is being held on March 20, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9am - 5pm","StartDate":"03/19/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Orchid Society of Western Pennsylvania's \"Orchid Obsession\" is being held March 19 - 21, 2027 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 164 Fort Couch Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15241.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"03/21/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":669,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Forty-Fifth International Orchid and Bromeliad Show","DateRange":"March 26 -28, 2027","ContactName":"Alice Walker","ContactPhone":"954-610-0693","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3583.7556704187677!2d-80.31590742458917!3d26.074240277156836!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9a7975f9d10ad%3A0xe06fd6048e913027!2sFlamingo%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762450807148!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Forty-Fifth International Orchid and Bromeliad Show is being held March 26 - 28, 2027 at the Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330.\n\nJudging is being held on March 26, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n9:30am-4:30pm","StartDate":"03/26/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Flamingo Gardens Orchid Society Forty-Fifth International Orchid and Bromeliad Show is being held March 26 - 28, 2027 at the Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Rd, Davie, FL 33330.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/28/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":662,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 2 - 4, 2027","ContactName":"Bob Sprague","ContactPhone":"484-919-2922","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Greater Philadelphia Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3050.8271133745952!2d-75.46063932400351!3d40.12385617148814!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c691675a70908d%3A0x872174672957ecdf!2sThe%20Greater%20Philadelphia%20Expo%20Center%20%26%20Fairgrounds!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1764086626425!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale is being held April 2 - 4, 2027 at the Greater Philadelphia Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456.\n\nJudging is being held on April 2, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: Noon-6pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 9am-4pm","StartDate":"04/02/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Southeastern Pennsylvania Orchid Society International Orchid Show and Sale is being held April 2 - 4, 2027 at the Greater Philadelphia Expo Center, 100 Station Ave, Oaks, PA 19456.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"04/04/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":584,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show 2027","DateRange":"April 3 - 4, 2027","ContactName":"Joel Mattes","ContactPhone":"513-680-2157","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Dan Beard Council, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3089.866782067447!2d-84.4282621240464!3d39.245895671651745!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8840526dc881ea23%3A0x147b30f1a13a0e25!2sDan%20Beard%20Council%2C%20Scouting%20America!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1748976198774!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show 2027 is being held April 3 - 4, 2027 at Dan Beard Council, Scout Achievement Center, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241.\n\nJudging is being held on April 3, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10AM - 5PM\nSun: 10AM-4PM","StartDate":"04/03/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Greater Cincinnati Orchid Society Spring Show 2027 is being held April 3 - 4, 2027 at Dan Beard Council, Scout Achievement Center, 10078 Reading Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45241.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"04/04/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":602,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeastern Wisconsin Orchid Society's \"Northeastern Wisconsin Spring Orchid Show\"","DateRange":"April 3 - 4, 2027","ContactName":"Leslie Heydan-Geurts ","ContactPhone":"920-615-2143","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Winnegamie Dog Club, 2043 Manitowoc Rd, Menasha, WI 54952","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2859.3874231320074!2d-88.40217212379312!3d44.21968147108095!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8803ba1fb17c3425%3A0x6c05306397356cf3!2sWinnegamie%20Dog%20Club!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1708117842211!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Northeastern Wisconsin Orchid Society's \"Northeastern Wisconsin Spring Orchid Show\" will be taking place on April 3 - 4, 2027 at the Winnegamie Dog Club, 2043 Manitowoc Rd, Menasha, WI 54952.\n\nJudging will be held April 3 2027 at 7:00 AM. \n\nShow times:\n\nSat: 9am - 3pm\nSun: 9am - 1pm","StartDate":"04/03/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"Northeastern Wisconsin Orchid Society's \"Northeastern Wisconsin Spring Orchid Show\" will be taking place on April 3 - 4, 2027 at the Winnegamie Dog Club, 2043 Manitowoc Rd, Menasha, WI 54952.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Wisconsin","EndDate":"04/04/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":654,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Roundupâ ","DateRange":"April 3 - 4, 2027","ContactName":"Sherren Wargnier","ContactPhone":"503-428-8982","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2821.9498553553676!2d-123.02745212375196!3d44.98532977107015!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x54bffe17edcc4671%3A0x558f3ae7eac19dca!2sKeizer%20Lions!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1762449780602!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Roundupâ is being held April 3 - 4, 2027 at the Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303.\n\nJudging is being held on April 3, 2027 at 8:30 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 10 AM - 5 PM \nSun: 11 AM - 4 PM","StartDate":"04/03/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Cherry City Orchid Societyâs âOrchid Roundupâ is being held April 3 - 4, 2027 at the Keizer Lions Club, 4100 Cherry Ave NE, Keizer, OR 97303.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"04/04/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":620,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2027 Show","DateRange":"April 16 - 18, 2027","ContactName":"Robbi Shew","ContactPhone":"708-912-4599","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2958.1796707254052!2d-87.79232652390169!3d42.1464418712134!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x880fc143349a54f9%3A0x9677f3eff3862a2b!2sChicago%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765297586280!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2027 Show is being held April 16 - 18, 2027 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. \n\n Judging is being held on April 16, 2027 at 7 am CT. \n\nShow Times:\n10:00 am - 4:00 pm CT","StartDate":"04/16/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Illinois Orchid Society Spring 2027 Show is being held April 16 - 18, 2027 at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"04/18/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":648,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"South Carolina Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"April 16 - 18, 2027","ContactName":"Clay Owens","ContactPhone":"803-727-4957","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3307.90013912296!2d-81.02516332428597!3d33.99509867317851!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88f8bad1aede47ff%3A0x29902bccff549f06!2sGarden%20Clubs%20of%20Greater%20Columbia!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1770739670797!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The South Carolina Orchid Society Show is being held April 16 - 18, 2027 at the Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201.\n\n\nJudging is being held on April 16, 2027 at 9:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 1PM- 6PM\nSat: 10AM - 6PM\nSun: 11AM - 4PM","StartDate":"04/16/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The South Carolina Orchid Society Show is being held April 16 - 18, 2027 at the Garden Clubs of Greater Columbia, 1605 Park Circle, Columbia, SC 29201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"South Carolina","EndDate":"04/18/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":668,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Middle Tennesseeâs âMusic City Orchid Show and Saleâ ","DateRange":"April 23 - 25, 2027","ContactName":"Mike Rollinger","ContactPhone":"815-258-0872","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Ellington Agriculture Center, Ed Jones Auditorium, 416 Hogan Road, Nashville, TN 37220","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3225.2105687839635!2d-86.74711892419514!3d36.06396777246617!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8864655efa2d5229%3A0xd719c725b1840100!2sEd%20Jones%20Auditorium!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1788894868885!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Middle Tennesseeâs âMusic City Orchid Show and Saleâ is being held April 23 - 25, 2027 at the Ellington Agriculture Center, Ed Jones Auditorium, 416 Hogan Road, Nashville, TN 37220.\n\nJudging is being held on April 24, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8am-6pm","StartDate":"04/23/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Middle Tennesseeâs âMusic City Orchid Show and Saleâ is being held April 23 - 25, 2027 at the Ellington Agriculture Center, Ed Jones Auditorium, 416 Hogan Road, Nashville, TN 37220.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Tennessee","EndDate":"04/25/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":663,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show","DateRange":"April 24 - 25, 2027","ContactName":"George Russ","ContactPhone":"440-666-3500","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Best Western Plus Strongsville, 15471 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2996.867133275366!2d-81.8100514239442!3d41.31175397130963!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8830ea765de1ff13%3A0x4c504201a64285e5!2sBest%20Western%20Plus%20Strongsville%20Cleveland!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1787761314757!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 24 - 25, 2027 at the Best Western Plus Strongsville, 15471 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136.\n\nJudging is being held on April 24, 2027 at 1:00 PM.\n\nShow Times:\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 10am-4pm","StartDate":"04/24/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The West Shore Orchid Society Spring Show is being held April 24 - 25, 2027 at the Best Western Plus Strongsville, 15471 Royalton Road, Strongsville, OH 44136.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"04/25/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":670,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2027\"","DateRange":"May 1 - 2, 2027","ContactName":"Janet Johns \u0026 Joyce Medcalf","ContactPhone":"613-253-1996","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2803.991523306007!2d-75.75945778444643!3d45.34898337909974!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x4cce0718cc4a6ad7%3A0xc6cc467725843e2b!2sAlgonquin%20College%20Ottawa%20Campus!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1673996094662!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2027\" is being held May 1 - 2, 2027 at the Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada.\n\nJudging is being held on May 1, 2027 at 7:45am \n\nShow Times:\nSat 12PM-5PM\nSun 9AM-4PM","StartDate":"05/01/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Ottawa Orchid Society's \"Orchidophilia 2027\" is being held May 1 - 2, 2027 at the Algonquin College, 1385 Woodroffe Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K2G 1V8, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"05/02/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":626,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Oklahoma Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale","DateRange":"May 7 - 9, 2027","ContactName":"Jana Butcher","ContactPhone":"405-209-7657","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3247.893193479097!2d-97.57964942475745!3d35.506919139530815!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87b21a8365a287d5%3A0x6a5c613ed327f327!2sWill%20Rogers%20Gardens!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1759252334352!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Oklahoma Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held May 7- 9, 2027 at the Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112. \n\nJudging is being held on May 8, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n10am-4pm","StartDate":"05/07/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Oklahoma Orchid Society Annual Show and Sale is being held May 7- 9, 2027 at the Will Rogers Gardens Exhibition Center, 3400 NW 36th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73112. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oklahoma","EndDate":"05/09/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":646,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"May 7 - 9, 2027","ContactName":"Joyce McMillan \u0026 Rick Shadrock","ContactPhone":"832-279-0211 ","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3471.4190928615003!2d-95.12045922446566!3d29.533287175184885!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86409cebee05f385%3A0x7286a3256b8a2f32!2sCity%20of%20Webster%20Civic%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1765301133773!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale is being held May 7 - 9, 2027 at the Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598.\n\nJudging is being held on May 8, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\n8AM to 5PM","StartDate":"05/07/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Galveston Bay Orchid Society Spring Show \u0026 Sale is being held May 7 - 9, 2027 at the Webster Civic Center, 311 Pennsylvania Avenue, Webster, TX 77598.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"05/09/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":667,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"May 21 - 23, 2027","ContactName":"Mark Mills","ContactPhone":"901-428-2890","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3263.8357136033455!2d-89.92030062423757!3d35.11081297277672!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x887f8416d2cbd739%3A0xe1003e70a72d3e02!2sMemphis%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761321670891!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 21- 23, 2027 at the Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117.\n\nJudging is being held on May 22, 2027 at 8:00 AM.\n\nShow Times:\nFri: 12pm-5pm\nSat: 9am-5pm\nSun: 11am-4pm","StartDate":"05/21/2027","EventType":"Show","Summary":"The Memphis Orchid Society Show and Sale is being held May 21- 23, 2027 at the Memphis Botanic Garden, 750 Cherry Rd, Memphis, TN 38117.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Tennessee","EndDate":"05/23/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"}],"judging":[{"ID":102,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/02/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104, San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/02/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":119,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"Toronto September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/06/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"09/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":35,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center","LocationName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center - Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs","DateRange":"Rocky Mountain Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1556 Emerson St,United States,Colorado,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs, 1556 Emerson St., Denver, CO at 1:00PM on the second Saturday of the month. Please refer to our website for additional information and updates, rmjc.info.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Mitchell Edwards, 90 Oneida Ct, Denver, CO 80230, (720) 925-9553, [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"09/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"09/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":241,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"April-December 2025","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"09/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":170,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"May- Dec Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":111,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"Pacific South - Arizona September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/18/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018 Room 12 from 2:00-6:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to Bev Tall 16147 E Keota Dr, Fountain Hills, Arizona, 85268","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"09/18/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":6,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Carolinas Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"09/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/15/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,
998Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":255,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"April-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"09/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":260,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"September","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"09/20/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":237,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"May- Sept","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/21/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/21/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/21/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":293,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - San Antonio Garden Center for the Alamo Orchid Society Vendor Fair and Orchid Show ","DateRange":"Alamo Orchid Society Show","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3310 N. New Braunfels Ave,United States,Texas,78209","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/26/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the San Antonio Garden Center, 3310 N. New Braunfels Ave, San Antonio, TX 78209 on the fourth Friday of September 26, 2025. Registration is 10:00-4:00pm with judging starting at 5:00pm.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/26/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":282,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"August-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/27/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 on the fourth Friday of the month at 4:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/27/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/27/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":131,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"West Palm Beach September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/27/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Chris Morales at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/27/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":290,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Perkins Road Community Center ","DateRange":"September 27, 2025","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"7122 Perkins Road,United States,Louisiana,70808","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/27/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"September Monthly Judging will be held at this alternate location:\nBRECC Forrest Community Park Center\n13900 South Harrells Ferry Road\nBaton Rouge, LA 70806\n\nTraining is at 11AM, Judging is at 1PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"09/27/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":265,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Kansas Orchid Society Show","DateRange":"Kansas Orchid Society Show","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"701 N AMIDON ST,United States,Kansas,67203","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"October Monthly Judging will take place at the Kansas Orchid Society Show on October 4th at 10:30AM, at the Botanical Gardens, 701 N Amidon St, Wichita, KS 67203.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"10/04/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":223,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital October 2025 Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For October judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"10/04/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":120,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"Toronto October Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/04/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"10/04/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":102,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/07/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104, San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/07/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":35,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center","LocationName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center - Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs","DateRange":"Rocky Mountain Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1556 Emerson St,United States,Colorado,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs, 1556 Emerson St., Denver, CO at 1:00PM on the second Saturday of the month. Please refer to our website for additional information and updates, rmjc.info.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Mitchell Edwards, 90 Oneida Ct, Denver, CO 80230, (720) 925-9553, [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":241,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"April-December 2025","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":170,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"May- Dec Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/18/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":6,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Carolinas Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/18/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/15/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/18/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":255,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"April-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/18/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"10/18/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/20/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":286,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Gold Country","DateRange":"October 19, 2025","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"390 Big Ben Road,United States,California,95648-9784","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/19/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"October Judging will be held on Sunday October 19, 2025 at Gold Country Orchids, 390 Big Ben Road in Lincoln. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/19/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":282,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"August-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/25/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 on the fourth Friday of the month at 4:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/27/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":303,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Walker Building","DateRange":"October Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"824 16th St,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/25/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"October Monthly Judging will be held at this alternate location:\nWalker Building\n824 16th St.\nAlexandria, LA 71301\n\nTraining is at 11AM, Judging is at 1PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":132,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"West Palm Beach October Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/25/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Chris Morales at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/25/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":292,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"November 2025","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/31/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"November Monthly Judging is being held on October 31st in conjunction with The Massachusetts Orchid Societyâs âWorld of Orchids â A Kaleidoscope of Colorsâ at 1:00PM, at Sons of Italy, 117 Swanton St, Winchester, MA 01890.\n\nJudging is being held on October 31, 2025 at 1:00 PM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"10/31/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":121,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"Toronto November Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/01/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"11/01/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":225,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital November 2025 Monthly Judging and Business Meeting","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/01/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For November which is the business meeting, judging will be held from 8:30AM-4:30PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"11/01/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":102,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/04/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104, San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/04/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":35,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center","LocationName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center - Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs","DateRange":"Rocky Mountain Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1556 Emerson St,United States,Colorado,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs, 1556 Emerson St., Denver, CO at 1:00PM on the second Saturday of the month. Please refer to our website for additional information and updates, rmjc.info.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Mitchell Edwards, 90 Oneida Ct, Denver, CO 80230, (720) 925-9553, [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":241,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"April-December 2025","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":170,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"May- Dec Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":184,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"November-December - San Marino","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Arthur Pinkers, 22982 Mulberry Glen Dr, Santa Clarita, CA, 91354.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":6,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Carolinas Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/15/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":255,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"April-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":133,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"West Palm Beach November Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Chris Morales at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":277,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"November 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"November Monthly Judging will take place on the third Saturday\n\nFIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.\n\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":284,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"Nov-Dev","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/16/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/16/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/21/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":282,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"August-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/22/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 on the fourth Friday of the month at 4:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"11/22/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/27/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":289,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"November 2025","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/22/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71303 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month, except for December 2025, which will be held on the third Saturday.\n\nTraining is at 11AM, Judging is at 1PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"11/22/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"11/22/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":102,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/02/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104, San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/02/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":122,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"Toronto December Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/06/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"12/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":291,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"December 2025","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/06/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Programming begins at 11 AM; plants to be judged are due by noon; actual judging begins no later than 1 PM. \n\nCut flowers can be mailed to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida St. Unit 9, Dorchester, MA 02124-2600\n\nhttps://www.firstparishnorthboro.org/","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"12/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":224,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital December 2025 Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/06/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For December judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"12/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":35,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center","LocationName":"Rocky Mountain Judging Center - Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs","DateRange":"Rocky Mountain Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1556 Emerson St,United States,Colorado,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Colorado Federation of Garden Clubs, 1556 Emerson St., Denver, CO at 1:00PM on the second Saturday of the month. Please refer to our website for additional information and updates, rmjc.info.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Mitchell Edwards, 90 Oneida Ct, Denver, CO 80230, (720) 925-9553, [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Colorado","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":241,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"April-December 2025","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":170,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"May- Dec Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":184,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"November-December - San Marino","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Arthur Pinkers, 22982 Mulberry Glen Dr, Santa Clarita, CA, 91354.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":244,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"December 2025","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM ","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":206,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"December","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\
998nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"12/13/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":255,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"April-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":262,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"December","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":232,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"2025 December","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71303 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month, except for December 2025, which will be held on the third Saturday.\n\nTraining is at 11AM, Judging is at 1PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":134,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"West Palm Beach December Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Chris Morales at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/20/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":284,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"Nov-Dev","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/21/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/21/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/21/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":282,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"August-Dec 2025","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/27/2025","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 on the fourth Friday of the month at 4:00PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"12/27/2025","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/27/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"01/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"01/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":74,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital January Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For January judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"01/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":34,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"Pacific Northwest Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.\n\nThere will be no center judging in April, due to Easter. \n\nWe will; however, be judging on March 28th at the Cherry City Orchid Society Show and Sale at 1PM. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"01/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"03/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":8,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"Jan-Feb Chicago Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, typically in Classroom #2.\nSend cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"02/14/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":32,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"Mid-Atlantic Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Edward Weber 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"03/14/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":325,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"Jan 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":183,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"January- San Marino","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"02/08/2025","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":335,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Bloedel Conservatory- Queen Elizabeth Park","DateRange":"January Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"4600 Cambie St,Canada,British Columbia,V5Y 2M4","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging from 10am-4pm.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"01/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"01/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":44,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo January Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"01/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":104,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"Pacific South - Santa Barbara January","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"12/11/2024","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School C
998afeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"01/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":28,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"Jan-Feb 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"02/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":33,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montréal Monthly Judging Jan-Feb","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"02/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":304,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Ewa Orchid Society at Ewa Elementary School","DateRange":"January 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"91-1280 Renton Rd,United States,Hawaii,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/22/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"01/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/24/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/24/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":107,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Additional January Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/31/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 at 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.\n Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"01/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":34,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"Pacific Northwest Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.\n\nThere will be no center judging in April, due to Easter. \n\nWe will; however, be judging on March 28th at the Cherry City Orchid Society Show and Sale at 1PM. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"03/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":2,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo February Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\
998n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2024","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":308,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Windward Orchid Society at King Intermediate School","DateRange":"February","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"46-155 Kamehameha Hwy,United States,Hawaii,96744","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"02/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"02/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"02/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":75,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital February Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For February judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"02/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"02/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":266,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South- Santa Barbara February","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":8,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"Jan-Feb Chicago Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, typically in Classroom #2.\nSend cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"02/14/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":32,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"Mid-Atlantic Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Edward Weber 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"03/14/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":345,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - Dallas Arboretum","DateRange":"February 2026","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"8525 Garland Rd,United States,Texas,75218","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"General Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Bring your own brownbag lunch)\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"02/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School C
998afeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"02/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":326,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"February 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"02/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":28,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"Jan-Feb 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"02/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":33,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montréal Monthly Judging Jan-Feb","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"02/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"02/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":247,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - CVIOS Show Judging - Nanaimo North Town Centre","DateRange":"February Judging at CVIOS Show","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"4750 Rutherford Rd.,Canada,British Columbia,V9T 4K6","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/27/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"February Monthly Judging will take place at the CVIOS Show","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"02/27/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/28/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":344,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - Sons of Italy Hall","DateRange":"TBOS Show","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3315 W. Lemon St,United States,Florida,33609","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FNCJC February Monthly Judging will be held in conjunction with the Tampa Bay Orchid Society Show at the Sons of Italy Hall, 3315 W Lemon St, Tampa, FL 33609.\n\nJudging is being held on February 28, 2026 at 8:30 AM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/28/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":34,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"Pacific Northwest Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.\n\nThere will be no center judging in April, due to Easter. \n\nWe will; however, be judging on March 28th at the Cherry City Orchid Society Show and Sale at 1PM. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"03/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":45,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo March Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"03/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"03/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":76,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital March Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For March judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"03/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"03/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":32,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"Mid-Atlantic Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Edward Weber 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"03/14/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"03/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":309,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Windward Orchid Society at King Intermediate School","DateRange":"March","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"46-155 Kamehameha Hwy,United States,Hawaii,96744","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nShow Judging begins at 6PM.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"03/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\
998n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":248,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - VOS Show Judging- VanDusen Gardens","DateRange":"March Monthly Judging at VOS Show","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"5251 Oak St,Canada,British Columbia,V6M 4H1","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"March Monthly Judging will take place at the VOS Show - VanDusen Gardens\n5251 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6M 4H1\n","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"03/21/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":305,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Ewa Orchid Society at Ewa Elementary School","DateRange":"March","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"91-1280 Renton Rd,United States,Hawaii,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/26/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"03/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/28/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":347,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Cherry City Orchid Society Show at Keizer Lions Club","DateRange":"Cherry City Orchid Society Show Judging","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"4100 Cherry Ave NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"AOS judging will take place at 1PM during the Cherry City Orchid Society Show","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"03/28/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":310,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Windward Orchid Society at King Intermediate School","DateRange":"April","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"46-155 Kamehameha Hwy,United States,Hawaii,96744","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"04/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"04/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"04/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":77,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital April Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For February judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"04/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":267,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara April Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":249,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - OSA Show- Enjoy Centre","DateRange":"April Monthly Judging will take place at the OSA show\n","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"101 Riel Dr.,Canada,Alberta,T8N 3X4","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"April Monthly Judging will take place at the OSA show\nEnjoy Centre\n101 Riel Dr, St. Albert, AB T8N 3X4","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"04/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":177,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"April Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"April Monthly Judging will take place at the Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival, on April 10th, 2026 at 1:00PM\nKrull-Smith 2800 W. Ponkan Rd. Apopka, FL 32712.\nin conjunction with the AOS Spring Conference\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":322,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"April 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":342,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"April-August 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/08/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"04/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"04/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":348,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"April 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"There will be no monthly judging in April at Dueling Dogs. Instead judging will take place at the Sacramento Orchid Society Show on April 17th","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":256,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"April","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":46,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo April Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place this month in conjunction with the Heart of Texas Orchid Society Show held at the Zilker Botanical Garden Conservancy, 2220 Barton Springs Rd, Austin, TX 78746\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before the judging day. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":216,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Arizona) Tucson","DateRange":"May \u0026 September Judging- Phoenix","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4331 N. Oxbow Rd,United States,Arizona,85745","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"04/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":3,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/18/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":159,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu April Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"04/21/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/25/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/25/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"05/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"05/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":78,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital May Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For May, judging will take place from 10:30AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"05/02/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":333,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Strathcona Christie Aspen Community Association","DateRange":"May Alberta Supplemental Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"277 Strathcona Dr SW,Canada,Alberta,T3H 2A4","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Alberta Supplemental Monthly Judging takes place from 12pm-4pm","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"05/02/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":47,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo May Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"05/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":342,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"April-August 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/08/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":140,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Thompson Community Centre (Richmond, BC) ","DateRange":"May Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"5151 Granville Ave,Canada,British Columbia,V7C 1E6","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Thompson Community Centre 5151 Granville Ave Richmond, BC V7C 1E6 at 11:00AM\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: 209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver BC V6Z 2S6","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"05/09/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"05/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":268,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara May ","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":216,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Arizona) Tucson","DateRange":"May \u0026 September Judging- Phoenix","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4331 N. Oxbow Rd,United States,Arizona,85745","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":3,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/18/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":327,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"May 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":276,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montreal Judging May-August","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"05/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"08/15/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":349,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - Ciotti Winery","DateRange":"May 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3285 Crosby Herold Rd,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"May Monthly judging will be held at this alternate location. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":160,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu May Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"05/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"05/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"05/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/23/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/23/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":250,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - FOS Show- Genesis Centre","DateRange":"June Monthly Judging will take place at the FOS Show- Genesis Centre\n","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"7555 Falconridge Blvd NE,Canada,Alberta,T3J 0C9","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/29/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"June Monthly Judging will take place at the FOS Show\nGenesis Centre\n7555 Falconridge Blvd NE #10, Calgary, AB T3J 0C9","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"05/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"06/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"06/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":79,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital June Monthly Judging and Business Meeting","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For June which is the business meeting judging will be held from 8:30AM-4:30PM\n\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"06/06/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"06/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":48,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo June Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"06/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":269,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara June","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":342,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"April-August 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/08/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":101,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"June-September - San Marino Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":353,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - Preston Tower Condominiums","DateRange":"June 2026","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,6211 W Northwest Hwy,United States,Texas,75225","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"General Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n12:00 PM - Lunch\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"06/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"06/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\
998n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":30,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Louisiana Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"06/27/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":216,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Arizona) Tucson","DateRange":"May \u0026 September Judging- Phoenix","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4331 N. Oxbow Rd,United States,Arizona,85745","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":3,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/18/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":276,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montreal Judging May-August","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/15/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":257,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"June-Sept 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/27/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/27/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":294,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Jan-July 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except August, which will take place in conjunction with Speakers Day.\n\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"07/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"07/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"07/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"07/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/07/2
998026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":270,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara July","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":342,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"April-August 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/08/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":101,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"June-September - San Marino Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":141,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Thompson Community Centre (Richmond, BC) ","DateRange":"July Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"5151 Granville Ave,Canada,British Columbia,V7C 1E6","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Thompson Community Centre 5151 Granville Ave Richmond, BC V7C 1E6 at 11:00AM\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: 209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver BC V6Z 2S6","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":80,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital July Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For July judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"07/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"07/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":40,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo July Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"07/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":306,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Ewa Orchid Society at Ewa Elementary School","DateRange":"July","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"91-1280 Renton Rd,United States,Hawaii,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/16/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\
998n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":216,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Arizona) Tucson","DateRange":"May \u0026 September Judging- Phoenix","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4331 N. Oxbow Rd,United States,Arizona,85745","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":3,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"07/18/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":276,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montreal Judging May-August","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/15/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":257,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"June-Sept 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"07/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":162,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu July Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"07/21/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/25/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"07/25/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":105,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South -San Diego Additional July Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/25/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 at 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.\n Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"07/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":350,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - East Baton Rouge Parish Library/Jones Creek Regional Branch","DateRange":"July 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"6222 Jones Creek Rd,United States,Louisiana,70817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/25/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"July Monthly Judging will be held at the East Baton Rouge Parish Library/Jones Creek Regional Branch on July 25, 2026 at 1:00PM.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"07/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"08/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"08/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":354,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - Elks Lodge","DateRange":"August Speakers Day 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5631 Cypress,United States,California,95608-6613","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"For August 2026, Judging takes place at Elks Lodge, 5631 Cypress, Carmichael, CA in conjunction with Speakers Day that is held from 9am-5pm.\nContact: Lynne Murrell\nEmail: [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":81,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital August Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For August judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"08/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"08/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":49,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo August Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"08/02/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":311,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Windward Orchid Society at King Intermediate School","DateRange":"August","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"46-155 Kamehameha Hwy,United States,Hawaii,96744","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"08/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":342,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"April-August 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"08/08/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":101,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"June-September - San Marino Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":137,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary (Victoria, BC)","DateRange":"August Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"3873 Swan Lake Rd,Canada,British Columbia,V8X 3W1","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at 11:00am- 4:00pm at the Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary, 2873 Swan Lake Road, Victoria, BC. V8X 3W1 Please check the AOS judging calendar for details.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Abu Salleh, #209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2S6.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"08/09/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":276,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"Montreal Judging May-August","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"08/15/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":257,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"June-Sept 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":328,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"August 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"08/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":163,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu August","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"08/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"08/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"08/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/22/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/22/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":351,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Ira Nelson Horticultural Center","DateRange":"August 22, 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2206 Johnson St,United States,Louisiana,70503","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/22/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"August Monthly Judging will be held at the Ira Nelson Horticultural Center on August 22, 2026 at 1PM","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"08/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":352,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Ira Nelson Horticultural Center","DateRange":"August 22, 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2206 Johnson St,United States,Louisiana,70503","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/22/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"August Monthly Judging will be held at the Ira Nelson Horticultural Center on August 22, 2026 at 1PM","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"08/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":334,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Strathcona Christie Aspen Community Association","DateRange":"August Alberta Supplemental Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"277 Strathcona Dr SW,Canada,Alberta,T3H 2A4","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/22/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Alberta Supplemental Monthly Judging takes place from 12pm-4pm","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"08/22/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":296,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except for August of 2026, which will take place on August 1 in conjunction with the Speakers Day.\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"09/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"09/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":82,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For September judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"09/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"09/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":271,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara September","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/09/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":101,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Hu
998ntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"June-September - San Marino Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":142,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Thompson Community Centre (Richmond, BC) ","DateRange":"September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"5151 Granville Ave,Canada,British Columbia,V7C 1E6","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Thompson Community Centre 5151 Granville Ave Richmond, BC V7C 1E6 at 11:00AM\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: 209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver BC V6Z 2S6","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"09/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"09/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":42,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo September Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":164,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu September Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":103,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Pacific South - Yorba Linda Jan-Sept Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":329,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"September 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"09/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":257,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"June-Sept 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"09/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"09/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":362,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"September cancelled","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/25/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"***THIS MONTHLY JUDGING HAS BEEN CANCELLED DUE TO HURRICANE NOLO***\n\nJudging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/26/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/26/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":279,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"September","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/26/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"09/26/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":320,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/26/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"09/26/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"10/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"10/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":83,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital October Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month. For October judging will take place from 11:00AM-4:30PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"10/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":336,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Strathcona Christie Aspen Community Association","DateRange":"October supplemental","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"277 Strathcona Dr SW,Canada,Alberta,T3H 2A4","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging from 12pm-4pm","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Alberta","EndDate":"10/03/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"10/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":43,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo October Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"10/04/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2024","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":296,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except for August of 2026, which will take place on August 1 in conjunction with the Speakers Day.\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":330,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Phoenix) Prince of Peace Lutheran Church","DateRange":"October 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 3641 N 56 St,Preschool Room 12,United States,Arizona,85018","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/10/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, 3641 N 56 St, Phoenix, Az 85018, Preschool Room 12, from 2:00-6:00PM for January, February, May, August, September and October\n\nSend cut flowers to Karla Velasco, 1180 W. Geronimo Pl. Chandler, AZ 85224.\nPlease call 602-410-6514 to confirm submission.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Arizona","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"10/11/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":272,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara October","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School Cafeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,
998Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":280,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"October -November","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":337,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Lady of Fatima Hall- Victoria Orchid Society Show and October Judging","DateRange":"October 17","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"4635 Elk Lake Dr,Canada,British Columbia,V8Z 7J1","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/17/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"October Monthly Judging will take place at the Victoria Orchid Society Show","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"10/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":165,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu October Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":299,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Friday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/23/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 on the fourth Friday of the month at 4:00PM. There will be no Friday night judging held in November and December\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/23/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/23/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":312,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"January 2026- October 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/24/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/24/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/24/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":320,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/24/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"10/24/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":358,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"October 2026","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/28/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":106,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"Pacific South - San Diego Additional October Judging","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/31/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 at 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056.\n Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"10/31/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"}
998,{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"11/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":50,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo November Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"11/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/03/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/03/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":296,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/04/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except for August of 2026, which will take place on August 1 in conjunction with the Speakers Day.\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/04/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/02/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"11/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"11/07/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":84,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital November Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/07/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month at noon. *8:30AM if Business Meeting. Judges education is at 11:00am.\n\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"11/07/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/08/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"11/08/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":273,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara November","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/11/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":323,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Huntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":343,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":251,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Thompson Community Centre (Richmond, BC) ","DateRange":"November","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"5151 Granville Ave,Canada,British Columbia,V7C 1E6","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/14/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Thompson Community Centre 5151 Granville Ave Richmond, BC V7C 1E6 at 11:00AM\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: 209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver BC V6Z 2S6","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"11/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/15/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":359,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"November 2026","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the third Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/18/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":324,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Nov- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/18/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/18/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":21,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Wailuku) St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church","DateRange":"Hawaii Maui Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":" 1627 Mill St,United States,Hawaii,96793","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judgings are currently take place at Saint Anthony School C
998afeteria, 1618 Lower Main Street, Wailuku, HI 96793 at 6:30PM on the third Tuesday of the month until further notice.\nThere will be no Judging December 2025.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"11/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"11/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":307,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Ewa Orchid Society at Ewa Elementary School","DateRange":"November","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"91-1280 Renton Rd,United States,Hawaii,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"11/19/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":300,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Jan-Nov 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":280,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"October -November","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month, except for March and April where judging will take place at shows, and September where judging will take place one week later due to the Montreal Marathon.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"11/21/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":313,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":261,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"November-December 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/21/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"11/21/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":320,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/28/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"11/28/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":100,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (San Francisco) Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park","DateRange":"Pacific Central San Francisco Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"9th Ave. at Lincoln Way,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging at this location takes place at the San Francisco County Fair Building, Golden Gate Park, 9th Ave. at Lincoln Way, San Francisco, CA at 7:00PM on the first Tuesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":321,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Diego) Balboa Park","DateRange":"2026 regular judgings","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1600 Village Place,Casa del Prado, Room 104,United States,California,92101","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/01/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the at Balboa Park, Casa del Prado, Room 104,1600 Village Place San Diego, CA 92101 on the first Tuesday of the month at 6:30PM.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Phyllis Prestia 3849 Via Del Rancho, Oceanside, CA, 92056. Please call to confirm submission 760-685-3744","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/01/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/01/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":296,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Sacramento) Odd Fellows Hall","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1831 Howe Ave,United States,California,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/02/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Odd Fellows Hall, 1831 Howe Ave, Sacramento, CA 95825 on the first Wednesday of the month, except for August of 2026, which will take place on August 1 in conjunction with the Speakers Day.\nPlant entry at 6:00pm. Judging begins at 6:30pm. \nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/02/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/02/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":180,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Northborough) First Parish Church Unitarian Universalist of Northboro, MA","DateRange":"Northeast Judging Center Northborough","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"40 Church St.,United States,Massachusetts,01532","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Please refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. \nJudging is typically held on the first Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 10:00AM - 3:00PM\nPlease have plants for judging on site for registration by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Robert Winkley, 80 Florida Street, Unit 9, Dorchester Center, MA 02124-2600. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Massachusetts","EndDate":"12/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":36,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"Toronto Judging Center - Toronto Botanical Garden","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"777 Lawrence Ave East,Canada,Ontario,M3C 1P2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Toronto Botanical Garden, 777 Lawrence Ave East, Toronto, Ontario, M3C 1P2, Canada at 12:30PM \n\nContact the judging chair for where to send cut flowers","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"12/05/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/05/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":85,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"National Capital Judging Center - St. James United Methodist Church","DateRange":"National Capital December Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Paula","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"12470 Old Frederick Rd.,United States,Maryland,21104","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/05/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at St. James United Methodist Church, 12470 Old Frederick Rd, Marriottsville, MD 21104. \n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the first Saturday or second Saturday of the month at noon. *8:30AM if Business Meeting. Judges education is at 11:00am.\n\n\nSend cut flowers to: Valerie Lowe, 17 Maxa Ct, Baltimore, MD 21220. Pre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Maryland","EndDate":"12/05/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":346,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Northwest Judging Center - Keizer Civic Center","DateRange":"May- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Carol","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"930 Chemawa Rd NE,United States,Oregon,97303","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Keizer Civic Center, 930 Chemawa Rd NE, Keizer, OR 97303 at 1:00PM on the first Sunday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Thomas Etheridge, 1112 NW Solar Pl., Corvallis, OR 97006.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Oregon","EndDate":"12/06/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/06/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":51,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Alamo Judging Center","LocationName":"Alamo Judging Center - Schertz Public Library","DateRange":"Alamo December Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Will L.","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"798 Schertz Pkwy,United States,Texas,78154","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/06/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging typically takes place at the Schertz Public Library, 798 Schertz Parkway, Schertz, Texas at 12:30PM on the first or second Sunday of the month, depending on holidays however you should call ahead or refer to the AOS News and Events calendar for updates.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Alison Gallaway, 7232 Country Road 120, Marble Falls, TX 78654.\n\nCut flowers must be received by the Thursday before judging. \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"12/06/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":274,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Santa Barbara) Maravilla, Galleria Room","DateRange":"PAC South Santa Barbara December","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5500 Calle Real,United States,California,93111","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/09/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Maravilla, Galleria Room, 5500 Calle Real, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 at 7:00PM on the second Wednesday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Jim Sloniker, 325 Court Ave, Ventura, CA 93003-1741. Call 805-290-0888 for confirmation.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/09/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":31,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-America Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-America Judging Center - Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education","DateRange":"Mid-America Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Nathan","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4651 Shaw Blvd.,United States,Missouri,63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Missouri Botanical Garden, Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nathan Bell, 456 Shockley Road, Hollister, MO 65672.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":3,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Atlanta Judging Center","LocationName":"Atlanta Judging Center - Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way)","DateRange":"Atlanta Monthly Judging 2026","ContactName":"Steve","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3016 Lanier Dr,United States,Georgia,30319","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"All monthly judgings for the Atlanta Judging Center will be held at Oglethorpe Presbyterian Church, Fellowship Hall (on Woodrow Way), 3016 Lanier Drive, Brookhaven, GA 30319 at 2:00 PM on the second Saturday of the month, unless otherwise noted. Education takes place at noon.\n\nWhen sending cut flowers from out of town for judging, please e-mail or call to confirm shipping arrangements in advance with Fred Missbach; E-mail: [email protected] or 404-401-4890.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Georgia","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":298,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Hilo) Komohana Research and Extension Center","DateRange":"Saturday 2026","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"875 Komohana St,Room D-202,United States,Hawaii,96720","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Komohana Research and Extension Center, 875 Komohana St. Room D-202, Hilo, HI 96720 at 9:00AM on the second Saturday of the month at 9:00AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Gregory K. Kobayashi, DDS, Inc., 260 Ponakawai St., Hilo, HI 96720.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":174,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Mount Dora) Bob Foster Center","DateRange":"Monthly Judging","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1400 Country Club Blvd.,United States,Florida,32757","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will take place at the Bob Foster Center, 1400 Country Club Blvd., Mount Dora, FL 32757 at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":234,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center - All Saints Church","DateRange":"May- December","ContactName":"Omar","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1325 Montgomery Ave,United States,Pennsylvania,19096","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at All Saints Church, 1325 Montgomery Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096 at 10:00 AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Ed Weber, 177 Sandy Hill Rd, Boyertown, PA 19512. \nemail [email protected]","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":302,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center - First Baptist Plano","DateRange":"Dallas Monthly Judging starting Dec 2025","ContactName":"Manuel","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3665 W. President George Bush Hwy,Room 2108,United States,Texas,75075","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"FIRST BAPTIST PLANO\n3665 W. President George Bush Hwy\nRoom 2108\nPlano, TX 75075\n\n\nGeneral Schedule (Subject to Change):\n\n11:00 AM - General Training Seminar, Announcements\n12:00 PM - Lunch (Provided by the Center - All welcome please notify us if you are coming! )\n12:30 PM - AOS Judging, New Business, Plant Raffle\n\nIf you are interested in learning more about the AOS Judging Program, we invite you to attend one of our monthly judging sessions and speak with our Judges.\n\nIf you would like to bring a plant in for judging, please ensure they are submitted for registration by 11:30 AM so we can properly research and document them for judging at 12:30 PM\nPlease check our web site at http://www.djc-aos.org/ for more information.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":323,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (San Marino) Hu
998ntington Botanical Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando,,1151 Oxford Road,United States,California,91108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Huntington Botanical Gardens, Mishler Resource Building, Lower Level, Allen at Orlando, San Marino, CA at 10:00AM on the second Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Michelle Dobard 636 W. Terrylynn Pl. Long Beach, CA 90807-3118. Please call 310-261-9539 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":343,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Chicago Judging Center - Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Lois","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1000 Lake Cook Rd,United States,Illinois,60022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Chicago Judging Center monthly judging will be held on the 2nd Saturday of the month at the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 at 1PM. It will be taking place in the Learning Center, Classroom #6.\n\nSen
998d cut flowers to: Orchids by Hausermann, 2N 134 Addison Rd., Villa Park, IL 60181","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Illinois","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/12/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":246,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Western Canada Judging Center","LocationName":"Western Canada Judging Center - Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary (Victoria, BC)","DateRange":"December Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Ruth \"Betty\"","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"3873 Swan Lake Rd,Canada,British Columbia,V8X 3W1","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at 11:00am- 4:00pm at the Swan Lake Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary, 2873 Swan Lake Road, Victoria, BC. V8X 3W1 Please check the AOS judging calendar for details.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Abu Salleh, #209 - 888 Pacific Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2S6.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"British Columbia","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":301,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"Carolinas Judging Center - Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center,","DateRange":"Dec 2026","ContactName":"Marion","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"660 Concord Pkwy N,United States,North Carolina,28027","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Rowan-Cabarrus Business \u0026 Technology Center, 660 Concord Parkway N, Concord, NC 28027 at 12:00PM on the third Saturday of the month (unless otherwise posted). Please check the AOS event calendar for updates. December takes place on the 2nd Saturday\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Linda Wilhelm, 2121 Houle Lane, Charlotte, NC 28214.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":243,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Montréal Judging Centre","LocationName":"Montréal Judging Centre - Jardin botanique de Montréal","DateRange":"December Judging 2026","ContactName":"Marie-Odile","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4101 Sherbrooke St E,Canada,Quebec,H1X 2B2","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/12/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St. East, Montréal, Quebec, Canada at 1:00PM ","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Quebec","EndDate":"12/12/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":341,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Cincinnati Judging Center","LocationName":"Cincinnati Judging Center - Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati","DateRange":"Jan-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Stephen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"2715 Reading Rd,United States,Ohio,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/13/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Civic Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati, 2715 Reading Rd., Cincinnati, OH on the second Sunday of the month. Educational presentation begins at 11:00 AM and judging starts at 1:00 PM. Send cut flowers to: Steve Helbling, 2489 Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208-1201.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Ohio","EndDate":"12/13/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/13/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":167,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Hawaii Judging Center - (Oahu) Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii","DateRange":"Hawaii Center Honolulu December Judging","ContactName":"Muhammad","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1685 Alaneo Street,United States,Hawaii,96817","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/15/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Oahu Judgings will be held at three locations for 2026, so please check the AOS calendar for additional dates and locations.\nJudging begins at 7PM with the exception of judging at shows.\n\nMail cut flowers to: Jan Takamiya 95-259 Kehepue Loop Mililani HI 96789","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"12/15/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":324,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific South Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific South Judging Center - (Yorba Linda) Yorba Linda Community Center","DateRange":"Nov- Dec 2026","ContactName":"Bryce","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4501 Casa Loma Ave,United States,California,92886","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Yorba Linda Community Center, 4501 Casa Loma Avenue, Yorba Linda, CA on the third Wednesday of the month at 7PM\n\nSend cut flowers to: Peter T. Lin, 834 Featherwood Dr., Diamond Bar, CA 91765. Please call 909-573-6751 to confirm submission.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/16/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/16/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":360,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"December 2026","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/16/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the third Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/16/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":29,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Judging Center - First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","DateRange":"Houston Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Anita","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"1601 Sunset Blvd,United States,Texas,77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be place at the 1st Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005 at 12:30PM on the third Saturday of the month. Please check the calendar in advance before planning to attend. Plant entry deadline 11:30am.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Nina Rach, 8801 Burkhart, Houston, TX 77055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":17,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center - Fairchild Tropical Garden","DateRange":"Florida-Caribbean Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Jeffrey","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"10901 Old Cutler Road,Corbin Building, Room A, ,United States,Florida,33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Corbin Building, Room A, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL at 1:00PM on the third Saturday of the month.\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Claire Sidran, 7971 SW 122nd St, Miami, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":61,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Lakes Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Lakes Judging Center - Washtenaw Community College Morris Lawrence Bldg","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Doris","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"4800 E. Huron River Drive,United States,Michigan,48105","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Great Lakes Judging Center will hold judging at the Morris Lawrence Building, Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron River Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Room 160) on the third Saturday of this month.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Michigan","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":88,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Pacific Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Pacific Central Judging Center - (Woodside) Filoli Historic House","DateRange":"Pacific Central Filoli Monthly Judging","ContactName":"Francisco","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"","Location":"86 Cañada Road,United States,California,94022","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging for this location takes place at the Filoli Historic House and Garden, Education Building, 86 Cañada Road, Woodside, CA at 10:00AM on the third Saturday of the month. Plant entry to start at 10. Judging to start at 10:30. No admission fee is required for judging.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Sylvia Darr, 1 Samaria Lane, Oakland, CA 94619, and please alert the Center chair in advance that flowers will be sent.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":238,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec NJ Judging 2026","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":313,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":261,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Great Plains Judging Center","LocationName":"Great Plains Judging Center - Southwestern College - Beech Science Center","DateRange":"November-December 2026","ContactName":"Gary","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"100 College St,United States,Kansas,67156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/19/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at the Southwestern College - Beech Science Center, 100 College St., Winfield, KS at 10:30am on the third Saturday of the month.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Bryon K. Rinke, 1729 E. 11th. Ave., Winfield, KS 67156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Kansas","EndDate":"12/19/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":297,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center","LocationName":"California-Sierra Nevada Judging Center - (Lincoln) Dueling Dog Brewing Co","DateRange":"2026","ContactName":"Kathy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3030 Barrett Park Ln,United States,California,95648","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/20/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Dueling Dog Brewing Co, 3030 Barrett Park Ln, Lincoln, CA, on the third Sunday of the month. Plant entry at 9:30AM. Judging begins at 10:00AM.\n\nCut flowers should be sent to: Susan Wedegaertner, 1348 Kieman Ave., Modesto, CA 95356-9170.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"12/20/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/20/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":320,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Louisiana Judging Center","LocationName":"Louisiana Judging Center - Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301","DateRange":"Sept-Dec 2026","ContactName":"Karen","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"5416 Provine Pl,United States,Louisiana,71301","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/26/2026","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"The Louisiana Judging Center will be meeting at Westside Regional Library, 5416 Provine Place, Alexandria, Louisiana 71301 at 1:00PM on the fourth Saturday of the month.\n\nTraining is at 11am-noon. Lunch break Noon-1pm. Judging starts at 1pm until we finish.\n\nAny plants/cut inflorescences should be sent to Alan Taylor, 199 Stannard Dr., Leesville, LA 71446. Please notify by phone that plants are being sent to 337-424-9689.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"12/26/2026","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/19/2026","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":222,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - Rutgers Cook Student Center","DateRange":"Alternate location for January 2025","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"59 Biel Road,United States,New Jersey,","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/15/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"January monthly judging will happen on an alternate date at an alternate location.\nRutgers Cook Student Center, 59 Biel Road, Brunswick, NJ 08901","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"01/15/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":239,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"January Judging at North Jersey Orchid Show","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/15/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"January monthly judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM on Friday January 15 at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"01/15/2027","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":null,"CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/23/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/23/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":361,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"January-May 2027","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/27/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/27/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"05/26/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/20/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"02/20/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":361,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"January-May 2027","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/24/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/24/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"05/26/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/27/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/27/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/20/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"03/20/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":361,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"January-May 2027","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/24/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/24/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"05/26/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/27/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/27/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/17/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"04/17/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/24/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/24/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":361,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"January-May 2027","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/28/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/28/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"05/26/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/15/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"05/15/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/22/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/22/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":361,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center - (Tampa) Interbay Moose Lodge 912","DateRange":"January-May 2027","ContactName":"John","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3008 W. Gandy Blvd,United States,Florida,33611","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/26/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Monthly judging will be on the fourth Wednesday of the month at the Interbay Moose Lodge 912 3008 W. Gandy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33611\n\nJudging will begin at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesdays.\n \nDoors open 30 minutes prior to judging.\n\nPLEASE check the FNCJC website for updates. https://aosfncjc.wixsite.com/aos-florida-north-ce","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/26/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"05/26/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/19/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"06/19/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/26/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/26/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/17/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"07/17/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/24/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"07/24/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/21/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"08/21/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/28/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/28/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/18/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"09/18/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/25/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/25/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/16/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"10/16/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":314,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"10/23/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"10/23/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/23/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/20/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\
998nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"11/20/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":315,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"11/20/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/20/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":357,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center - (Englewood) Flat Rock Brook Nature Center","DateRange":"Feb-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Yves","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"443 Van Nostrand Ave.,United States,New Jersey,07631","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/18/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging will be taking place at the FRBNC, 443 Van Nostrand Ave, Englewood, NJ 07631\n\nPlease refer to the Event Calendar for proper dates and times. Judging is typically held on the third Saturday of every month.\nStandard monthly judging will take place from 9:00AM - 2:00PM with the following exception for January.\nPlease have plants on site for registration by 9:30AM.\n\nException: January judging will take place concurrent with AOS Judging at the North Jersey Orchid Show from 1:00 PM - 4:00PM at the Cook Student Center of Rutgers University, 59 Biel Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901\nPlease have plants on site for this judging by noon.\n\nSend cut flowers to: Dr. Wayne Wiegand, 97 Harrison Ave, North Plainfield, NJ 07060-3603. \nPre-notification of expected delivery date and time is requested.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"12/18/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":315,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Nov-Dec 2027","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"12/18/2027","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"12/18/2027","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"12/18/2027","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"01/22/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/22/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"02/26/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"02/26/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"03/25/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"03/25/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"04/22/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/22/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"05/27/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"05/27/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"06/24/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/24/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEnd
998Date":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"07/22/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"07/22/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"08/26/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"08/26/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"},{"ID":316,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center - Flamingo Gardens","DateRange":"Jan-Oct 2028","ContactName":"Judy","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"3750 S Flamingo Road,,United States,Florida,33330","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":null,"StartDate":"09/23/2028","EventType":"Judging","Summary":"Judging takes place at Flamingo Gardens, 3750 S Flamingo Road, Davie, FL 33330 at 2:00PM.\n\nPlant Registration and Training will begin at 12:30PM, Nominations at 2:00PM.\n\nExhibitors can go to www.wpbjudging.org for more information or email Jackie Wood at [email protected].","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"09/23/2028","Recurring":true,"RecurringType":"Monthly","RepeatEvery":-1,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":null,"RecurringEndDate":"10/28/2028","CalendarType":"JudgingEvent"}],"special":[{"ID":430,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Sandpiper Orchid Society Outreach Judging \u0026 Waldor Orchids Open House","DateRange":"September 6, 2025","ContactName":"Ed Weber","ContactPhone":"215-630-9819","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Waldor Orchids, 10 E Poplar Ave, Linwood, NJ 08221","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3085.2599295419895!2d-74.56773812404131!3d39.35034997163096!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c0ea215931abfb%3A0x97b7f5aeb6e54a7d!2sWaldor%20Orchids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1750169062040!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Sandpiper Orchid Society Outreach Judging \u0026 Waldor Orchids Open House is being held on September 6, 2025 at the Waldor Orchids, 10 E Poplar Ave, Linwood, NJ 08221.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:30 PM.","StartDate":"09/06/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Sandpiper Orchid Society Outreach Judging \u0026 Waldor Orchids Open House is being held on September 6, 2025 at the Waldor Orchids, 10 E Poplar Ave, Linwood, NJ 08221.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New Jersey","EndDate":"09/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":431,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"(ORCA) Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Estadual da Cattleya Intermedia","DateRange":"September 12 - 14, 2025","ContactName":"Carlos Eduardo Simonetto","ContactPhone":"55-54-9131-3249","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3484.712678556839!2d-51.20173882448034!3d-29.14366397538947!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x951ea327b40afb9f%3A0x7b848588f348dd8f!2sPavilh%C3%B5es%20da%20Festa%20da%20Uva!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1750170530619!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Estadual da Cattleya Intermedia is being held on September 12 -14, 2025 at the Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil.\n\nJudging will begin at 8:00 AM on 9/13/25.\n\n","StartDate":"09/12/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Orquidófilos Reunidos de Caxias do Sul Outreach Judging \u0026 Exposição Estadual da Cattleya Intermedia is being held on September 12 -14, 2025 at the Centro de Eventos nos Pavilhoes da Festa da Uva, R. LudovÃco Cavinato, 1431 - Nossa Sra. da Saúde, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95032-620, Brazil.","Country":"Brazil","StateProvince":"Rio Grande","EndDate":"09/14/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":408,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*South Bay Orchid Society Annual Fall Show \u0026 Sale","DateRange":"September 20 - 21, 2025","ContactName":"Arthur Hazboun","ContactPhone":"310-995-1592","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Palos Verdes Art Center, 5504 Crestridge Rd,RPV, CA 90275","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3316.782263908971!2d-118.37488052429582!3d33.76629197326615!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dd4b9509be1fb1%3A0x5a75b389a99bf11a!2sPalos%20Verdes%20Art%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1746544028124!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The South Bay Orchid Society Annual Fall Show \u0026 Sale will be taking place September 20 - 21, 2025 at the Palos Verdes Art Center, 5504 Crestridge Rd, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275.\n\n* There will be no AOS judging at this event.\n","StartDate":"09/20/2025","EventType":"Special","Summary":"The South Bay Orchid Society Annual Fall Show \u0026 Sale will be taking place September 20 - 21, 2025 at the Palos Verdes Art Center, 5504 Crestridge Rd, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275.\n\n* There will be no AOS judging at this event.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/21/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":400,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250421/95fd8e58-60c5-417b-3d23-ae7fc8afdf45.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Fascination of Orchids Festival of Orchids and Exotic Plants","DateRange":"September 26 - 28, 2025","ContactName":"Theo Johnson","ContactPhone":"714-979-5887","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Santa Ana Zoo, 1801 Chestnut St., Santa Ana, CA 92701","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3317.6620316018057!2d-117.84506342429682!3d33.74355447327495!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x80dcd96f70ee24b3%3A0x1b2f0167f19ffb5e!2sSanta%20Ana%20Zoo!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1745250811004!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Fascination of Orchids Festival of Orchids and Exotic Plants will be taking place September 26 - 28, 2025 at the Santa Ana Zoo, 1801 Chestnut St, Santa Ana, CA 92701.\n\n*There will be no AOS judging at this event.","StartDate":"09/26/2025","EventType":"Special","Summary":"The Fascination of Orchids Festival of Orchids and Exotic Plants will be taking place September 26 - 28, 2025 at the Santa Ana Zoo, 1801 Chestnut St, Santa Ana, CA 92701.\n*There will be no AOS judging at this event.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"California","EndDate":"09/28/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":469,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging","DateRange":"October 2, 2025","ContactName":"Michael Blietz","ContactPhone":"808-205-2519","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3727.620826394063!2d-156.4777487247472!3d20.887328080726846!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7954d320097c543f%3A0x47f36c215861a3a!2sQueen%20Ka\u0026#39;ahumanu%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757445507387!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging is being held on October 2, 2025 in the Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732.\n\nJudging will begin at 10:00 AM.\n","StartDate":"10/02/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging is being held on October 2, 2025 in the Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/02/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":457,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250818/716f3e69-56ab-fade-75d5-b2b4ed73c84a.jpeg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Honolulu Orchid Societyâs âA Worldwind of Orchidsâ ","DateRange":"October 10 - 11, 2025","ContactName":"Katherine Sakuda","ContactPhone":"808-258-6511","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3717.386274040463!2d-157.837534824736!3d21.295747980421293!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7c006dec94da8fb1%3A0xb41f6113798394df!2sWashington%20Middle%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755543305806!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Honolulu Orchid Societyâs âA Worldwind of Orchidsâ is taking place on October 10 - 11, 2025 at the Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Times:\n9am-4pm","StartDate":"10/10/2025","EventType":"Special","Summary":"*Honolulu Orchid Societyâs âA Worldwind of Orchidsâ is taking place on October 10 - 11, 2025 at the Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826. \nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":444,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Carolinas Judging Center","LocationName":"South Carolina Orchid Society - Outreach Judging","DateRange":"October 11, 20245","ContactName":"Stan Hutto","ContactPhone":"803-463-5638","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Carter \u0026 Holmes Orchids, 629 Mendenhall Rd, Newberry, SC 29108","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3298.4285251271085!2d-81.62220222427554!3d34.23760747308791!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8857d616b41d248b%3A0xaa8400754dbd1ed4!2sCarter%20%26%20Holmes%20Orchids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1753209213550!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"South Carolina Orchid Society - Outreach Judging is being held October 11, 2025 at Carter \u0026 Holmes Orchids, 629 Mendenhall Rd, Newberry, SC 29108. \n\nJudging will take place at 11:30 AM.","StartDate":"10/11/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"South Carolina Orchid Society - Outreach Judging is being held October 11, 2025 at Carter \u0026 Holmes Orchids, 629 Mendenhall Rd, Newberry, SC 29108. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"South Carolina","EndDate":"10/11/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":501,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251029/12f5aeea-a9b6-6b14-a9b0-39b7f0e79496.png","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"The American Orchid Society's 2025 Virtual Fall Auction","DateRange":"October 29 - November 7, 2025","ContactName":"The AOS","ContactPhone":"3057402010","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Virtual","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"Bidding is ON - The AOS fundraising fall auction is live now until Friday, Nov. 7th at 8:00 PM Eastern.\n\nThe website: \nhttps://aos.betterworld.org/auctions/american-orchid-society-fall-292","StartDate":"10/29/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Bidding is ON - The AOS fundraising fall auction is live now until Friday, Nov. 7th at 8:00 PM Eastern.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/07/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":478,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida-Caribbean Judging Center ","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Coral Gables - Outreach Judging","DateRange":"November 4, 2025","ContactName":"Melana Davison","ContactPhone":"760-212-8919","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3595.8342313158646!2d-80.27461352460244!3d25.67678927740527!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9c87406b8f7bb%3A0xc82b4c6cdca00310!2sFairchild%20Tropical%20Botanic%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1758731986363!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Coral Gables - Outreach Judging is being held November 4, 2025 at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156.\n\nJudging will be held on November 4, 2025 at 7:00PM.","StartDate":"11/04/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Coral Gables - Outreach Judging is being held November 4, 2025 at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/04/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":463,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"West Palm Beach Judging Center","LocationName":"East Everglades Orchid Society Outreach Judging - Preparing Plants for Exhibition","DateRange":"November 8, 2025","ContactName":"Tere Camacho","ContactPhone":"305-401-8807","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"R.F. Orchids INC, 28100 SW 182 Ave, Homestead, FL 33030","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3600.9864755924473!2d-80.48875182460809!3d25.50549757751382!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88d9e7a53db15c99%3A0xeb91ea39e59d57e9!2sR%20F%20Orchids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755801525643!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"East Everglades Orchid Society Outreach Judging - Preparing Plants for Exhibition is being held on November 8, 2025 at RF Orchids INC, 28100 SW 182 Ave, Homestead, FL 33030.\n\nJudging will begin at 1:00 PM","StartDate":"11/08/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"East Everglades Orchid Society Outreach Judging - Preparing Plants for Exhibition is being held on November 8, 2025 at RF Orchids INC, 28100 SW 182 Ave, Homestead, FL 33030.\n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"11/08/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":344,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Virginia Orchid Society Outreach Judging","DateRange":"November 9, 2025","ContactName":"Irina Neverova","ContactPhone":"804-536-7136","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmond, VA 23228","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3160.1867829766156!2d-77.47365342412365!3d37.621293972024475!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89b115d8ae72e02f%3A0x48cfaecff31c41b2!2sLe
998wis%20Ginter%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1736535233360!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Virginia Orchid Society - Outreach Judging is being held on November 9, 2025 in the Lewis Ginter Botanical Gardens, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmond, VA 23238.\n\nJudging will begin at 2:00 PM.","StartDate":"11/09/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Virginia Orchid Society - Outreach Judging is being held on November 9, 2025 in the Lewis Ginter Botanical Gardens, 1800 Lakeside Ave, Richmond, VA 23238.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Virginia","EndDate":"11/09/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":460,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20250820/7f9edaf8-86ff-ff77-1cec-c1c987c950ba.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"November 15, 2025","ContactName":"Brenda Decker","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.0165169321767!2d-74.01630232393332!3d41.525582871282715!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89dd31c273f86027%3A0xab43fcc8a1d903b9!2sUnion%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755710343131!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on November 15, 2025 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Time:\n11am-4pm","StartDate":"11/15/2025","EventType":"Show,Special","Summary":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on November 15, 2025 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"11/15/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":500,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251124/e58b7489-8876-58f6-99af-01378b5c0674.png","JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Acadian Orchid Society's \"Louisiana Short Course\"","DateRange":"December 6, 2025","ContactName":"Eddie Dupuy","ContactPhone":"337-445-9252","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Ira Nelson Horticulture Center, 2206 Johnston St, Lafayette, LA 70503","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3447.9214259553405!2d-92.03311692443988!3d30.210789974840196!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x86249c5fb25f060d%3A0xd7d7d8d83c22e92f!2sIra%20Nelson%20Horticulture%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761672922166!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Acadian Orchid Society's \"Louisiana Short Course\" is being held on December 6, 2025 at the Ira Nelson Horticulture Center, 2206 Johnston St, Lafayette, LA 70503.\n\nJudging will begin at 12:00 PM.\n\nTime:\n8am-5pm","StartDate":"12/06/2025","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Acadian Orchid Society's \"Louisiana Short Course\" is being held on December 6, 2025 at the Ira Nelson Horticulture Center, 2206 Johnston St, Lafayette, LA 70503.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Louisiana","EndDate":"12/06/2025","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":548,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260122/6c3d7dc4-5f0a-3367-4cbb-9f1ea206c600.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"8th Orchid Culture Day - \"Step into the World of Slippers\"","DateRange":"Jan 25","ContactName":"AOS Headquarters","ContactPhone":"3057402010","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Virtual","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"The American Orchid Society is proud to announce its 8th Orchid Culture Day! Enjoy four great talks all in one day from the comfort of your home. We can always learn more about Orchids! Spend a day with these outstanding speakers and \"Step into the World of Slippers.\" There will be door prizes!\n\nJoin us virtually on Sunday, January 25th. The event will be streamed through our GotoWebinar platform. Fee: $40. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.\n\nThis event is Open to All.\n\nCan't attend the live stream? Not a problem, you can still register, and we will send you a link to view the recorded webinar at your convenience.\n\nThere will be a Q\u0026A session after each talk.","StartDate":"01/25/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"Join us for the next Orchid Culture Day! Information including schedule, speaker bios and other details can be found at \nhttps://www.aos.org/culture-day","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"01/25/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":510,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"National Capital Judging Center","LocationName":"Susquehanna Orchid Society Outreach Judging","DateRange":"February 1, 2026","ContactName":"Walter E. Meshaka Jr.","ContactPhone":"717-728-0533","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Bethany Village, 325 Wesley Drive, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3046.8698272882816!2d-76.97145112399913!3d40.21195847147334!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c8e82c40449e2f%3A0xdc83a1fe6d93cdec!2sBethany%20Village!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1763568491065!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Susquehanna Orchid Society Outreach Judging is being held on February 1, 2026 at the Bethany Village, 325 Wesley Drive, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055.\n\nJudging will begin at 1:30 PM.\n","StartDate":"02/01/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Susquehanna Orchid Society Outreach Judging is being held on February 1, 2026 at the Bethany Village, 325 Wesley Drive, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"02/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":572,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Dallas Judging Center","LocationName":"Greater North Texas Orchid Society Outreach","DateRange":"3/1/2026","ContactName":"Tim Brown","ContactPhone":"2147994959","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"North Have Gardens","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"Outreach Judging will be held at the Greater North Texas Orchid Society Meeting from 2:30- 4:30PM","StartDate":"03/01/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Outreach Judging will be held at the Greater North Texas Orchid Society Meeting from 2:30- 4:30PM","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"03/01/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":490,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251021/eca332e2-1a22-6b9b-1bd7-0fbd49af7bb9.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*The Cape Fear Orchid Societyâs â17th Annual Big Bloominâ Orchid Dayâ ","DateRange":"March 14, 2026","ContactName":"Laura Elliot","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"St John Episcopal, 1219 Forest Hills Dr, Wilmington, NC 28403","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3299.0804493652!2d-77.90816092427633!3d34.22096417309399!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89a9f574dba60a1d%3A0x3930f9a17f5cb9f!2sSt.%20John\u0026#39;s%20Episcopal%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1761071508062!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*The Cape Fear Orchid Societyâs â17th Annual Big Bloominâ Orchid Dayâ is being held March 14, 2026 at St John Episcopal, 1219 Forest Hills Dr, Wilmington, NC 28403.\n\n*Â This is not an AOS judged event.\n\nShow Times:\n8:30am-2pm","StartDate":"03/14/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"*The Cape Fear Orchid Societyâs â17th Annual Big Bloominâ Orchid Dayâ is being held March 14, 2026 at St John Episcopal, 1219 Forest Hills Dr, Wilmington, NC 28403.\n\n*Â This is not an AOS judged event.\n\nShow Times:\n8:30am-2pm","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"North Carolina","EndDate":"03/14/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":518,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20251205/19965ddb-6675-bf54-ea98-73d70f2e3574.png","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"American Orchid Society 2026 Spring Conference","DateRange":"April 8th-11th, 2026","ContactName":"AOS Headquarters","ContactPhone":"305 740 2010","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Apopka","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"Make plans to
998join us for the 2026 AOS Spring Conference in Apopka, Florida. Conference dates: April 8th-11th. It will be held in conjunction with the Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival hosted by Krull-Smith.\n\nThere will be expert orchid speakers, hands-on workshops, AOS judging, Committee and Board meetings, orchid vendors, a live auction, a fabulous gala dinner and more! You will have plenty of opportunities to meet and mingle with fellow orchid enthusiasts.\n\nConference dates: Wednesday April 8th through Saturday April 11th.\nApopka International Spring Orchid Festival dates: Friday April 10th through Sunday April 12th.\n\nHotel, Registration and schedule details will be available soon.","StartDate":"04/08/2026","EventType":"MemberMeeting,Special","Summary":"Join us April 8th - 11th for the 2026 AOS Spring Conference! It will be held in conjunction with the Apopka International Spring Orchid Festival in Apopka, Florida.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":569,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260211/4801b816-c640-4881-ac88-0488e279a923.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale","DateRange":"April 11, 2026","ContactName":"Brenda Decker","ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2987.0165169321767!2d-74.01630232393332!3d41.525582871282715!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89dd31c273f86027%3A0xab43fcc8a1d903b9!2sUnion%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755710343131!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on April 11, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Time:\n11am-4pm\nOrchid 101 Talk at Noon\nOrchid Potting Demo at 2:30 PM","StartDate":"04/11/2026","EventType":"Show,Special","Summary":"*Mid-Hudson Orchid Society Show and Sale is taking place on April 11, 2026 at the Union Church Community Center, 44 Balmville Road, Newburgh, NY 12550.\n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"New York","EndDate":"04/11/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":546,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Toronto Judging Center","LocationName":"London Orchid Society Outreach Judging","DateRange":"May 17, 2026","ContactName":"Sean Moore","ContactPhone":"519-645-7747","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Richards Memorial United Church, 360 Edgeworth Avenue, London, Ontario N5W 5C4, Canada","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2917.8585253009865!2d-81.17834312385735!3d43.002313471140496!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x882eed45bf611589%3A0xb3155f9bb645f3f2!2sRichards%20Memorial%20United%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1768936140762!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The London Orchid Society Outreach Judging is being held on May 17, 2026 at the Richards Memorial United Church, 360 Edgeworth Avenue, London, Ontario N5W 5C4, Canada.\n\nJudging will begin at 2:00 PM.","StartDate":"05/17/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The London Orchid Society Outreach Judging is being held on May 17, 2026 at the Richards Memorial United Church, 360 Edgeworth Avenue, London, Ontario N5W 5C4, Canada.","Country":"Canada","StateProvince":"Ontario","EndDate":"05/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":585,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_202
99860430/5fc3e090-4e56-534f-7d2b-eb0ca81b04a0.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Puerto Rico Judging Center","LocationName":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society â Outreach Judging","DateRange":"May 17, 2026","ContactName":"Edwin Perez","ContactPhone":"787-362-1425","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Salon Casa Parroquial San Francisco de Sales, Ave. Flor de Valle #34, Urbanizacion Las Vegas, Cataño, PR 00962","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3785.1980960255573!2d-66.14666092481066!3d18.429312682646604!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x8c036bdfb17064fb%3A0xd7c95af0487f53d3!2sParroquia%20San%20Francisco%20de%20Sales!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1775588273541!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society â Outreach Judging is being held May 17, 2026 at the Salon Casa Parroquial San Francisco de Sales, Ave. Flor de Valle #34, Urbanizacion Las Vegas, Cataño, PR 00962.\n\nJudging will be held at 2:00 PM","StartDate":"05/17/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Puerto Rico Orchid Society â Outreach Judging is being held May 17, 2026 at the Salon Casa Parroquial San Francisco de Sales, Ave. Flor de Valle #34, Urbanizacion Las Vegas, Cataño, PR 00962.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Puerto Rico","EndDate":"05/17/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":594,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"Dallas Judging Center Tri-Center Judging Seminar","DateRange":"June 13th","ContactName":null,"ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":null,"Location":"Online","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"You are cordially invited to join us for the Dallas Judging Center TriâCenter Judging Seminar 2026, to be held Saturday, June 13th, beginning at 8:30 AM. This yearâs program will focus on the Oncidiinae Alliance, offering a streamlined exploration of key genera, defining characteristics, and current taxonomic updates. Through targeted presentations and comparative plant evaluations, the seminar aims to
998strengthen judging consistency and deepen our collective expertise in assessing this diverse and rewarding subtribe.\n\nWe look forward to your participation in this enriching educational program. Registration is $20USD\nRegister Here:\nhttps://gntos.org/dallas-tri-center-judging-seminar-2026-a-virtual-event/\n","StartDate":"06/13/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"Dallas Judging Center TriâCenter Judging Seminar 2026, to be held Saturday, June 13th, beginning at 8:30 AM. This yearâs program will focus on the Oncidiinae Alliance","Country":"United States","StateProvince":null,"EndDate":"06/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":553,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Chicago Judging Center","LocationName":"Orchid Society of Minnesota Meeting and Outreach Judging","DateRange":"June 20, 2026","ContactName":"Steven Ukasick","ContactPhone":"612-501-6055","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Hope Presbyterian Church, 7132 Portland Avenue, Door 1, Richfield, MN 55423","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2827.4596103428353!2d-93.27110802375805!3d44.873294871070364!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87f625e4b24c8433%3A0x316d5d36490c9399!2sHope%20Presbyterian%20Church!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1742323749040!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota Meeting and Outreach Judging is being held on June 20, 2026 at the Hope Presbyterian Church, 7132 Portland Avenue, Richfield, MN 55423.\n\nJudging will be held at 10 AM.","StartDate":"06/20/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Minnesota Meeting and Outreach Judging is being held on June 20, 2026 at the Hope Presbyterian Church, 7132 Portland Avenue, Richfield, MN 55423.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Minnesota","EndDate":"06/20/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":608,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"AOS Member Value Webinar","DateRange":"Sunday June 28, 7- 8 pm Eastern","ContactName":null,"ContactPhone":null,"ContactEmail":null,"Location":"Online","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":null,"FullDescription":"WHEN: Sunday June 28, 7- 8 pm Eastern\nSPEAKERS: AOS President Alison Gallaway \u0026 AOS Trustee Cam Mackey\nRegistration Link: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/2411205266308984151 \n\n\nWhether youâre growing your first orchid on a windowsill or preparing plants for judging, AOS\nmembership gives you access to tools, knowledge, discounts, and connections that can help you\nenjoy the hobby more deeply and grow with greater confidence.\nIn this webinar, weâll walk through the many ways members use AOS to solve growing challenges,\nexpand their collections, connect with fellow enthusiasts, and support orchid research and\nconservation. Weâll also share a few simple tips to help you start getting value from your membership\nright away.\n","StartDate":"06/28/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"WHEN: Sunday June 28, 7- 8 pm Eastern\nSPEAKERS: AOS President Alison Gallaway \u0026 AOS Trustee Cam Mackey\nRegistration Link: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/2411205266308984151 \n","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Alabama","EndDate":"06/28/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":616,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Florida North-Central Judging Center","LocationName":"Southwest Florida Orchid Society Orchid Lane - Outreach Judging","DateRange":"June 30, 2026","ContactName":"Karen Maxwell","ContactPhone":"239-334-7419","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd. · Fort Myers, FL 33901 ","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3566.4555230776905!2d-81.88266592457015!3d26.633893876814522!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x88db41c2830d5555%3A0xcffd4e536e6395a3!2sEdison%20%26%20Ford%20Winter%20Estates!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741275197599!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Southwest Florida Orchid Society Orchid Lane - Outreach Judging being held June 30, 2026 at the Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd, Fort Myers, FL 33901.\n\nJudging begins at 10 AM.","StartDate":"06/30/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Southwest Florida Orchid Society Orchid Lane - Outreach Judging being held June 30, 2026 at the Edison \u0026 Ford Winter Estates, 2350 McGregor Blvd, Fort Myers, FL 33901.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Florida","EndDate":"06/30/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":613,"HeaderPhoto":"https://adam.aos.org/AQapp_Images/CalendarEvents/Low_Res/CE_20260625/6296524c-3ee4-7f95-175d-c1c2d6c90e00.jpg","JudgingCenterName":"Houston Judging Center","LocationName":"Houston Orchid Society Annual Summer Workshop","DateRange":"August 8, 2026","ContactName":"Daria Souvorova","ContactPhone":"240-731-1628","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m16!1m12!1m3!1d3464.9018341926903!2d-95.40225662445852!3d29.722602675087234!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!2m1!1sFirst%20Christian%20Church%2C%201601%20Sunset%20Blvd%2C%20Houston%2C%20TX%2077005!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1749667625951!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Houston Orchid Society Annual Summer Workshop is being held on August 8, 2026 at the First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005.\n\nJudging will begin at 11:30 AM\n\nWorkshop Time:\n8:30am-4:30pm","StartDate":"08/08/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Houston Orchid Society Annual Summer Workshop is being held on August 8, 2026 at the First Christian Church, 1601 Sunset Blvd, Houston, TX 77005.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Texas","EndDate":"08/08/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":593,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*The Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis Annual Auction","DateRange":"Augutst 9, 2026","ContactName":"Ken Schaper ","ContactPhone":"(314) 550-4138","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Missouri Botanical Gardens - Farr Auditorium, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3117.5699622898164!2d-90.2619547240768!3d38.61276717178622!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x87d8b4ffa9d2cd81%3A0x60b0c580fcde5080!2sMissouri%20Botanical%20Garden!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1741273739227!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis Annual Auction is taking place on August 9, 2026 at the Missouri Botanical Gardens - Farr Auditorium, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110. \n\n*This event will not have AOS judging.\n\nTime of Auction:\n12:00 PM-5:00 PM","StartDate":"08/09/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"The Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis Annual Auction is taking place on August 9, 2026 at the Missouri Botanical Gardens - Farr Auditorium, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110. ","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Missouri","EndDate":"08/09/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":591,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Northeast Judging Center","LocationName":"Northeast Judging Center Connecticut Outreach Judging","DateRange":"August 29, 2026","ContactName":"Lucas Carreno","ContactPhone":"301-648-7220","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"J\u0026L Orchids, 20 Sherwood Rd, Easton, CT 06612","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2997.8023470159974!2d-73.29999792394521!3d41.2914059713123!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89e807c9d918f74f%3A0xf09e169e31760018!2sJ%20%26%20L%20Orchids!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1718053511933!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Northeast Judging Center Connecticut Outreach Judging is being held August 29, 2026 at J\u0026L Orchids, 20 Sherwood Rd, Easton, CT 06612.\n\nJudging will be held at 12:30 PM.\n","StartDate":"08/29/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Northeast Judging Center Connecticut Outreach Judging is being held August 29, 2026 at J\u0026L Orchids, 20 Sherwood Rd, Easton, CT 06612.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Connecticut","EndDate":"08/29/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
998Date":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":628,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Mid-Atlantic Judging Center","LocationName":"Lehigh Valley Orchid Society â Outreach Judging","DateRange":"September 13, 2026","ContactName":"Ed Weber","ContactPhone":"215-630-9819","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Passer Community Center, 2580 Richlandtown Pike, Coopersburg, PA 18036","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3032.8797243987055!2d-75.33512302398375!3d40.52214947142286!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x89c417dd79e1d591%3A0xe691141ea0808e16!2sPasser%20Community%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1784131958877!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"The Lehigh Valley Orchid Society â Outreach Judging is being held September 13, 2026 at the Passer Community Center, 2580 Richlandtown Pike, Coopersburg, PA 18036.\n\nJudging will be held at 1:00 PM","StartDate":"09/13/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"The Lehigh Valley Orchid Society â Outreach Judging is being held September 13, 2026 at the Passer Community Center, 2580 Richlandtown Pike, Coopersburg, PA 18036.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Pennsylvania","EndDate":"09/13/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":674,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"Hawaii Judging Center","LocationName":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging","DateRange":"9/30/26","ContactName":"Michael Blietz","ContactPhone":"808-205-2519","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3727.620826394063!2d-156.4777487247472!3d20.887328080726846!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7954d320097c543f%3A0x47f36c215861a3a!2sQueen%20Ka\u0026#39;ahumanu%20Center!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1757445507387!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging is being held on September 30, 2026 in the Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732.\n\nJudging will begin at 10:00 AM.","StartDate":"09/30/2026","EventType":"Judging,Special","Summary":"Maui Orchid Society's \"Maui County Fair\" - Outreach Judging is being held on September 30, 2026 in the Queen Kaahumanu Center, 275 W Kaahumanu Ave, Kahului, HI 96732.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"09/30/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEndDate":"01/01/0001","CalendarType":"CalendarEvent"},{"ID":642,"HeaderPhoto":null,"JudgingCenterName":"","LocationName":"*Honolulu Orchid Society Show and Plant Sale","DateRange":"October 9 - 10, 2026","ContactName":"Katherine Sakuda","ContactPhone":"808-258-6511","ContactEmail":"[email protected]","Location":"Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826","GoogleMapEmbedUrl":"https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3717.386274040463!2d-157.837534824736!3d21.295747980421293!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x7c006dec94da8fb1%3A0xb41f6113798394df!2sWashington%20Middle%20School!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1755543305806!5m2!1sen!2sus","FullDescription":"*Honolulu Orchid Society Show and Plant Sale is taking place on October 9 - 10, 2026 at the Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.\n\nShow Times:\nFri-Sat: 9am-4pm\n","StartDate":"10/09/2026","EventType":"Special","Summary":"*Honolulu Orchid Society Show and Plant Sale is taking place on October 9 - 10, 2026 at the Washington Middle School Cafeteria, 1633 South King Street, Honolulu, HI 96826. \n\nThis event will not have AOS judging.","Country":"United States","StateProvince":"Hawaii","EndDate":"10/10/2026","Recurring":false,"RecurringType":null,"RepeatEvery":0,"RepeateOn":null,"Status":"null","RecurringEnd
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