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1,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-2-lost-in-parameters","aria-label":"questions 2 lost in parameters permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 2: Lost in parameters"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"What will log to console the following code snippet:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"immediateA",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"a",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  return",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" (",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"immediateB",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"b",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    console",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"a",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// What is logged?",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  })(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"1",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"})(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"0",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"0")," is logged to the console. ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/_r8I1Do6L",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediateA")," is called with the argument ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),", thus ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"a")," parameter is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediateB")," function, being nested into ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediateA")," function, is a closure that captures ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"a")," variable from the outer ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediateA")," scope, where ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"a")," is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),". Thus ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"console.log(a)")," logs ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),".")),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"questions-3-whos-who",style:{position:"relative"}},n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-3-whos-who","aria-label":"questions 3 whos who permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 3: Who's who"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"What will log to console the following code snippet:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"let ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"count ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"0",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"immediate",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  if",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" (",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"count ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"=== ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"0",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    let ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"count ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"1",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    console",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"count",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// What is logged?",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  console",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"count",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// What is logged?",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"})();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"1")," and ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0")," is logged to the console. ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/3c9T0QMAG",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,"The first statement ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"let count = 0")," declares a variable ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediate()")," is a closure that captures the ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," variable from the outer scope. Inside of the ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"immediate()")," function scope ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,"However, inside the conditional, another ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"let count = 1")," declares a local variable ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count"),", which overwrites ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," from outer the scope. The first ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"console.log(count)")," logs ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"1"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,"The second ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"console.log(count)")," logs ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),", since here ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," variable is accessed from the outer scope.")),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"questions-4-tricky-closure",style:{position:"relative"}}

1,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-4-tricky-closure","aria-label":"questions 4 tricky closure permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 4: Tricky closure"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"What will log to console the following code snippet:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"for",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" (",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"var ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"i ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"0",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"i ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"< ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"3",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"i",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"++",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  setTimeout",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    console",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"i",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// What is logged?",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  }, ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"1000",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3")," is logged to console. ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/8kit3zMOT",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,"The code snippet executes in 2 phases."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.strong,null,"Phase 1")),n.createElement(o.ol,null,"\n",n.createElement(o.li,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"for()")," iterating 3 times. During each iteration a new function ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," is created, which captures the variable ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"i"),". ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"setTimout()")," schedules ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," for execution after 1000ms."),"\n",n.createElement(o.li,null,"When ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"for()")," cycle completes, ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"i")," variable has value ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),"."),"\n"),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.strong,null,"Phase 2")),n.createElement(o.p,null,"The second phase happens after 1000ms:"),n.createElement(o.ol,null,"\n",n.createElement(o.li,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"setTimeout()")," executes the scheduled ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," functions. ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," reads the ",n.createElement(o.em,null,"current value")," of variable ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"i"),", which is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),", and logs to console ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),"."),"\n"),n.createElement(o.p,null,"That's why ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3")," is logged to the console."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.em,null,"Side challenge: how would you fix this example to log ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"0"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"1"),", ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"2")," values after passing 1 second? Write your solution in a comment below!"))),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"questions-5-right-or-wrong-message",style:{position:"relative"}}

1,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-5-right-or-wrong-message","aria-label":"questions 5 right or wrong message permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 5: Right or wrong message"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"What will log to console the following code snippet:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"createIncrement",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  let ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"count ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"0",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() { ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    count",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"++",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  let ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"message ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"`Count is ",props:{style:{color:"#98C379"}}},{content:"${",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"count",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"`",props:{style:{color:"#98C379"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    console",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"message",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  return",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" [",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"];",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" [",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"] ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"createIncrement",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"increment",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"log",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// What is logged?",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"'Count is 0'")," is logged to console. ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/W9goMvJt7",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"increment()")," function has been called 3 times, effectively incrementing ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," to value ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"3"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"message")," variable exists within the scope of ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createIncrement()")," function. Its initial value is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"'Count is 0'"),". However, even if ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," variable has been incremented a few times, ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"message")," variable always holds ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"'Count is 0'"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," function is a closure that captures ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"message")," variable from the ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createIncrement()")," scope. ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"console.log(message)")," logs ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"'Count is 0'")," to console."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.em,null,"Side challenge: how would you fix ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"log()")," function to return the message having the actual ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"count")," value? Write your solution in a comment below!"))),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"questions-6-restore-encapsulation",style:{position:"relative"}}

1,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-6-restore-encapsulation","aria-label":"questions 6 restore encapsulation permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 6: Restore encapsulation"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"The following function ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()")," creates instances of stack data structure:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  return",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    items",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:": [],",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"item",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"      this",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"item",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    },",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"      return ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"this",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  };",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"stack ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"10",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 5",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => [10]",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"=",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:" [",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"10",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"100",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"1000",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"]; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// Encapsulation broken!",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"The stack works as expected, but with one small problem. Anyone can modify items array directly because ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"stack.items")," property is exposed."),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"That's an issue since it breaks the encapsulation of the stack: only ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"push()")," and ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"pop()")," methods should be public, but ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"stack.items")," or any other details shouldn't be accessible."),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"Refactor the above stack

1implementation, using the concept of closure, such that there is no way to access ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"items")," array outside of ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()")," function scope:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  // Write your code here...",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"stack ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"10",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 5",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => undefined",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,"Here's a possible refactoring of ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()"),":"),n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"items ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"=",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:" [];",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  return",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"item",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"      items",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"item",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    },",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"() {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"      return ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  };",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"stack ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"createStack",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"();",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"10",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"push",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"pop",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 5",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"stack",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:".",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"items",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"; ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => undefined",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/Am60z1bCI",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"items")," has been moved to a variable inside ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()")," scope."),n.createElement(o.p,null,"Thanks to this change, from the outside of ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()")," scope, there is no way to access or modify ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"items")," array. ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"items")," is now a private variable, and the stack is encapsulated: only ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"push()")," and ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"pop()")," method are public."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"push()")," and ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"pop()")," methods, being closures, capture ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"items")," variable from ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"createStack()")," function scope.")),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"questions-7-smart-multiplication",style:{position:"relative"}}

1,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#questions-7-smart-multiplication","aria-label":"questions 7 smart multiplication permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Questions 7: Smart multiplication"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"Write a function ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"multiply()")," that multiples 2 numbers:"),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"num1",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"num2",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  // Write your code here...",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"If ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"multiply(num1, numb2)")," is invoked with 2 arguments, it should return the multiplication of the 2 arguments."),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"But if invoked with 1 argument ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"const anotherFunc = multiply(num1)"),", the function should return another function. The returned function when called ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"anotherFunc(num2)")," performs the multiplication ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"num1 * num2"),"."),"\n",n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"4",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 20",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"3",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"3",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 9",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"double ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"2",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"double",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");  ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 10",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"double",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"11",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 22",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),"\n",n.createElement("details",null,n.createElement("summary",null,"Expand answer"),n.createElement(o.p,null,"Here's a possible implementation of ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"multiply()")," function:"),n.createElement(c.Code,{codeConfig:a,northPanel:{tabs:[""],active:"",heightRatio:1},files:[{name:"",focus:"",code:{lines:[{tokens:[{content:"function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"number1",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"number2",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  if",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:" (",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"number2 ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"!== ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"undefined",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    return ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"number1 ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"* ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"number2",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  }",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  return function ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"doMultiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"number2",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75",fontStyle:"italic"}}},{content:") {",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"    return ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"number1 ",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:"* ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"number2",props:{style:{color:"#E06C75"}}},{content:";",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"  };",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"}",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"4",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 20",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"3",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:", ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"3",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 9",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"const ",props:{style:{color:"#C678DD"}}},{content:"double ",props:{style:{color:"#E5C07B"}}},{content:"= ",props:{style:{color:"#56B6C2"}}},{content:"multiply",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"2",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"double",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"5",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:");  ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 10",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]},{tokens:[{content:"double",props:{style:{color:"#61AFEF"}}},{content:"(",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"11",props:{style:{color:"#D19A66"}}},{content:"); ",props:{style:{color:"#ABB2BF"}}},{content:"// => 22",props:{style:{color:"#7F848E",fontStyle:"italic"}}}]}],lang:"javascript"},annotations:[]}]}),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.a,{href:"https://jsitor.com/k-NwrN59K",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Open the demo.")),n.createElement(o.p,null,"If ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"number2")," parameter is not ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"undefined"),", then the function simply returns ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"number1 * number2"),"."),n.createElement(o.p,null,"But if ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"number2")," is ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"undefined"),", it means that ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"multiply()")," function has been called with one argument. In such a case let's return a function ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"do

1Multiply()")," that when later invoked performs the actual multiplication."),n.createElement(o.p,null,n.createElement(o.code,null,"doMultiply()")," is a closure because it captures ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"number1")," variable from ",n.createElement(o.code,null,"multiply()")," scope.")),"\n",n.createElement(o.h2,{id:"summary",style:{position:"relative"}},n.createElement(o.a,{href:"#summary","aria-label":"summary permalink",className:"anchor before"},n.createElement(o.span,{dangerouslySetInnerHTML:{__html:'<svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg>'}})),"Summary"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"Compare your answers with the answers in the post:"),"\n",n.createElement(o.ul,null,"\n",n.createElement(o.li,null,"You have a good understanding of closures if you answered correctly 5 or more questions"),"\n",n.createElement(o.li,null,"But you need a good refresher on closures if you answered correctly less than 5 questions. I recommend checking my post ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"/javascript-closure/"},"A Simple Explanation of JavaScript Closures"),"."),"\n"),"\n",n.createElement(o.p,null,"Ready for a new challenge? Try to solve the ",n.createElement(o.a,{href:"/javascript-this-interview-questions/"},'7 Interview Questions on "this" keyword in JavaScript'),"."))}var p=function(e){void 0===e&&(e={});const{wrapper:o}=Object.assign({},(0,r.ah)(),e.components);return o?n.createElement(o,e,n.createElement(l,e)):l(e)};function i(e,o){throw new Error("Expected "+(o?"component":"object")+" `"+e+"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.")}var u=t(12),d=t(5319),m=t(5893);function g(e){let{data:o,children:t}=e;const{featured:{popularPostsByCategory:n}}=o.site.siteMetadata,{mdx:r,popularPostsMarkdown:s}=o,c={...r.frontmatter,children:t,thumbnail:r.frontmatter.thumbnail.childImageSharp.gatsbyImageData,tableOfContents:r.tableOfContents},a=r.internal.contentFilePath.split("/").slice(-3).join("/"),l=s.edges.map(d.sN),p=n.map((e=>{let{category:o,slugs:t}=e;return{category:o,plainPosts:t.map((e=>l.find((o=>{let{slug:t}=o;return e===t}))))}}));return(0,m.jsx)(u.Z,{postRelativePath:a,post:c,popularPostsByCategory:p})}function y(e){return n.createElement(g,e,n.createElement(p,e))}}}]);

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