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var(--wp--preset--color--primary);}:root :where(a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{font-family: Alegreya;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;line-height: 1.4;}h1{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large);}h2{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);}h3{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large);}h4{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);}h5{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}h6{font-family: Alegreya;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground);border-radius: 2px;border-width: 0;color: var(--wp--preset--color--background);font-family: Alegreya Sans;font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);font-style: inherit;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.04em;line-height: 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!important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-foreground-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-foreground-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-foreground-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-background-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) 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197.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-x-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) 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!important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya-sans) !important;}
198img.asset-image{
199	width:100%
200}
201.wp-block-latest-posts li {
202    margin-bottom: 1.3rem; /* space between items */
203    padding-bottom: 0.8rem;
204    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); /* faint divider */
205	line-height: 1.35;
206}
207
208.wp-block-latest-posts__post-title {
209    display: block;
210    font-weight: 600;
211    margin-bottom: 4px; /* space between title and author */
212}
213
214.wp-block-latest-posts__post-author {
215    font-size: 0.9em;
216    opacity: 0.8;
217}
218
219.photo-caption {
220    font-size: 14px;
221}
222
223.wp-block-post-excerpt {
224	display: block;
225	overflow: hidden;
226}
227
228.wp-block-image.alignright {
229	float: right;
230}
231
232.wp-block-image.alignleft {
233	float: left;
234}
235:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya-sans);}
236:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex){gap: var(--wp--style--block-gap);}:root :where(.wp-block-columns-is-layout-grid){gap: var(--wp--style--block-gap);}
237:root :where(.wp-block-buttons){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya-sans);}
238:root :where(.wp-block-cover){color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground);padding-left: var(--wp--style--block-gap);}
239:root :where(.wp-block-list){padding-left: var(--wp--style--block-gap);}
240:root :where(.wp-block-navigation){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}
241:root :where(.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;}
242:root :where(.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;}
243:root :where(.wp-block-post-date){color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}
244:root :where(.wp-block-post-date a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);}
245:root :where(.wp-block-post-navigation-link){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya-sans);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);font-weight: 700;}
246:root :where(.wp-block-post-terms){color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);font-style: italic;}
247:root :where(.wp-block-post-terms a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);}
248:root :where(.wp-block-post-title){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);font-weight: 400;margin-bottom: 0;}
249:root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){color: var(--wp--preset--color--foreground);text-decoration: none;}
250:root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: underline;}
251:root :where(.wp-block-search){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);}
252:root :where(.wp-block-separator){background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);border-color: currentColor;border-width: 0 0 1px 0;border-style: solid;color: var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary);}
253:root :where(.wp-block-site-title){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.5em;line-height: 1;text-transform: uppercase;}
254:root :where(.wp-block-site-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){text-decoration: none;}
255:root :where(.wp-block-site-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){text-decoration: none;}
256:root :where(.wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions){font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya-sans);font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}
257:root :where(.wp-block-group){margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-top: 0;padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 0;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 0;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-flex){gap: 0;}:root :where(.wp-block-group-is-layout-grid){gap: 0;}
258:root :where(p){font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large);margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);}
259:root :where(.wp-block-post-author-name){padding-top: var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom: var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);}
260/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
261</style>
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432
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434<div class="wp-block-group has-large-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b5e445c8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:0"><div class="wp-block-avatar"><img alt='Namit Arora Avatar' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/38e5fdbe1dac4785e4436db96db5a2b52f93be2321338c81562ed6faa1b75080?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/38e5fdbe1dac4785e4436db96db5a2b52f93be2321338c81562ed6faa1b75080?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-40 photo wp-block-avatar__image' height='40' width='40'  style="border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;" decoding='async'/></div>
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437<div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow" style="padding-bottom:0"><div style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0" class="wp-block-post-author-name"><a href="https://blog.shunya.net/author/shunya" target="_self" class="wp-block-post-author-name__link">Namit Arora</a></div>
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440<div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e0553fa0 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0"><div class="wp-block-post-date__modified-date wp-block-post-date"><time datetime="2017-04-21T14:51:02+05:30">April 21, 2017</time></div></div>
441</div>
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445<div style="border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-style:none;border-width:0px;min-height:0px" class="entry-content wp-block-post-content has-alegreya-font-family has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-post-content-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained">
446<p class="wp-block-paragraph">My TEDx talk on &#8220;Civic Sense of Change&#8221;
446, on why civic sense matters, why we Indians have so little of it, and what might raise it (15 min<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,geneva;">).</span></p>
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450<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
451<span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe class="youtube-player" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OXFcHRoiY4o?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent&#038;enablejsapi=1" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe></span>
452</div></figure>
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456<p class="wp-block-paragraph">&#8220;Is India&#8217;s civic-sense problem a result of our unrealized potential or the cause of it? As any Indian with knowledge or experience of international travel will tell you, things just aren&#8217;t the same &#8220;there&#8221;, and things &#8220;there&#8221; are just different and better. Going beyond the basic factors of national wealth and urban planning, why does India seem to be caught in a cycle of disillusionment, a strong sense of public entitlement and a weak sense of civic responsibility? Namit Arora explains in his TEDx talk how Indians themselves are part of the problem, and what we can do to address these issues.&#8221; [—TEDxGurugram team]</p>
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460<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>FULL TRANSCRIPT BELOW:</strong></p>
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464<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><a class="asset-img-link" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6649970b.png?ssl=1" onclick="window.open( this.href, '_blank', 'width=640,height=480,scrollbars=no,resizable=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,location=no,menubar=no,status=no,left=0,top=0' ); return false" style="float: right;"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" alt="TEDxNA3s" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6649970b img-responsive" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6649970b.png?ssl=1" style="width: 350px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" title="TEDxNA3s"></a></strong>An aunt of mine recently visited Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand—her first time outside India. A month after her return, I asked her about her strongest impressions from the trip. She said, ‘Their cities are so much cleaner; people behave so much better in public spaces; they follow the rules. <em>Hum kab sudhrenge?</em>’ she asked. When will we improve?</p>
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468<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What my aunt was getting at is something a lot of us have known for a while: <em>That we Indians are sorely lacking in civic sense.</em> By civic sense, I mean public behavior that’s socially responsible and considerate to others. Our lack of civic sense is visible everywhere:</p>
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472<ul class="wp-block-list">
473<li>Just look at how we drive: without lane discipline, on the wrong side; we honk needlessly; use full beam at night; we don’t stop at pedestrian crossings, or even at red lights. Few of us make room for passing ambulances! We may just have the wildest traffic in the world, which is reflected in our casualty rate that’s 5 times higher than the global average!</li>
474
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477<li>Or look at how we park and use our sidewalks; or what we do to the walls of our cities; our infamous queuing etiquette; how we litter our streets, and dump construction waste right outside our posh apartments; how we burn trash and pollute our air—a very common sight across India; or how we contaminate our beaches, lakes, and rivers.</li>
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481<li>Here is a picture that sums up what I’m getting at. This is the border between India and Bhutan. One side is India, the other Bhutan. I’ll let you figure out which is which.</li>
482</ul>
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484
485
486<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There certainly are other aspects to civic sense, such as paying your full share of taxes, not bribing, being punctual, not discriminating against our fellow citizens based on gender, caste, religion, and so on. But today I’m focusing on a narrower subset—on general untargeted behaviors in public spaces that are also constant irritants when we go out.</p>
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490<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a class="asset-img-link" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6633970b.jpg?ssl=1" style="float: right;"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" alt="TEDxNA10s" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6633970b img-responsive" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b7c8df6633970b.jpg?ssl=1" style="width: 350px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" title="TEDxNA10s"></a><span style="color: #7f003f;"><strong>
490Why is civic sense important?</strong></span></p>
491
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494<p class="wp-block-paragraph">(a) Because it makes our cities more livable. When was the last time you went out for something as simple as a walk in Gurgaon? I mean, who wants to put up with all the eyesores, bad smells, and smog? (b) Higher civic sense also reduces the incidence of infectious and other diseases, accidental injuries, and deaths. (c) And finally, higher civic sense correlates with greater social trust and cooperation, which is good for economic productivity and growth!</p>
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498<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This concern for civic sense is not new in India. Many people and organizations have tried to raise it. But I’d say that it’s an old project that needs new energy and scale—esp. in light of the massive and largely unplanned growth of urban India.</p>
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502<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Who do we blame for the state of our cities, and our general lack of civic sense? </strong></p>
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506<ul class="wp-block-list">
507<li>We blame others who’re not like us, such as poor migrants from rural areas.</li>
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511<li>We also blame the government. And yes, the government has an important role to play. It needs to improve our roads, waste management, public transportation. It needs to ensure that a proper driving test precedes every driving license. It needs to invest in smart policies and good urban design. Yes, that’s a given. Our urban governments need to do more, and we have to increase and keep up that pressure.</li>
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515<li>Curiously, we don’t blame ourselves very much. But if we honestly looked at ourselves in the mirror, we might notice that we—<em>you and I</em>—cause a lot of the problems we complain about! For example, who congests our roads and pollutes our air? Who runs diesel cars / gensets and avoids public transportation and car-pooling? Who generates plastic waste and leaves behind construction rubble? Who parks on sidewalks? Who breaks our traffic laws? Indeed, who causes so many of our urban problems – if not us?</li>
516</ul>
517
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520<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Clearly, the government can’t fix everything. The government too is made up of people like us, who lack civic sense. We really need to ask: are smart cities even possible without smart citizens who display civic sense?</p>
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524<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong> <a class="asset-img-link" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb098297c0970d.jpg?ssl=1" onclick="window.open( this.href, '_blank', 'width=640,height=480,scrollbars=no,resizable=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,location=no,menubar=no,status=no,left=0,top=0' ); return false" style="float: right;"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" alt="TEDxNA7s" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb098297c0970d img-responsive" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb098297c0970d.jpg?ssl=1" style="width: 350px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" title="TEDxNA7s"></a><span style="color: #7f003f;">Why do we Indians lack civic sense?</span><u> </u></strong></p>
525
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527
528<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We are no different from other humans, so it has to be something in our culture and upbringing that accounts for the difference. What might those factors be? I’ll propose four:</p>
529
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531
532<ul class="wp-block-list">
533<li><strong>Our Flawed socialization</strong> in childhood, especially at home. We are not taught to pick up after ourselves. We grow up expecting someone else to do our dirty work, whether it’s moms or maids. I certainly had never washed a load of dishes or cleaned a toilet until I went to the US in my 20s. We also lack dignity of labor and look down on manual work, especially dirty work, which then stigmatizes those who do it. This needs to change.</li>
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536
537<li><strong>Our education system</strong>, which doesn’t teach us about being good citizens, about our rights and responsibilities, sensitivity to the environment, and even things like the importance of free speech, social justice, and gender equality.</li>
538
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540
541<li><strong>High levels of inequality and hierarchy</strong>—of both wealth and status, as in the caste system. This divides people and impedes a shared sense of the commons.</li>
542
543
544
545<li><strong>We have internalized</strong> <strong>low expectations</strong> of how clean and functional our urban spaces should look like. One might blame poverty and illiteracy for this, but I’ve traveled through many poorer, less literate parts of sub-Saharan Africa that display better civic sense than India. So while poverty plays a role, it’s not an adequate explanation;
545 besides, middle-class Indians lack civic sense too. So our collective expectations need to change.</li>
546</ul>
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550<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a class="asset-img-link" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507de8970d.jpg?ssl=1" style="float: right;"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" alt="NamitTEDx1" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507de8970d img-responsive" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507de8970d.jpg?ssl=1" style="width: 350px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" title="NamitTEDx1"></a>So what separates countries that have high civic sense from those that don’t? What have they done that we haven’t? I’ll suggest 4 areas where Indians lag behind—what I’m calling the four E-s—with examples of what we can do to catch up:</p>
551
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553
554<ol class="wp-block-list">
555<li><span style="color: #7f003f;"><strong>Educate</strong></span>: Urban civic sense is not an innate skill. It has to be cultivated by teaching civic responsibility and environmental awareness to urban kids. This should begin at home, with parents leading by example. How about a ‘civic sense’ course in school—or hosted by your Resident Welfare Association—not a dry course with a textbook, but a hands-on, participatory course where kids learn about their rights and responsibilities, waste segregation, recycling, conserving water and energy, planting trees, and so on.<br><p> In fact, an organization in Bangalore called Children’s Movement for Civic Awareness, works with schools to host “civic clubs”, where children learn such things by doing. They grow up feeling like agents of change. There is a nice multiplier effect with kids—they go home and teach their elders. And given how young our country is, this is the perfect demographic to focus on.</p><br><p>Another effective strategy is public interest ads on a large scale. In the 1970s, the United States transformed habits through emotionally stirring public interest ads on littering, fire safety, smoking, and so on. Some of this is happening with <em>swachh bharat</em> ads but far from enough. We citizens own our air waves—why can’t we mandate up to 1 percent of airtime for public interest ads on all TV and Radio channels? Imagine youth icons in these ads, making it cool to do the right thing. We could also make civic sense ads a category for Corporate Social Responsibility, or CSR funds. </p></li>
556
557
558
559<li><span style="color: #7f003f;"><strong><figure><a class="asset-img-link" style="float: right; color: #7f003f;" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b8d2374d22970c.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" title="NamitTEDx3" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01b8d2374d22970c img-responsive" style="width: 225px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01b8d2374d22970c.jpg?ssl=1" alt="NamitTEDx3"></a></figure></strong></span><strong><span style="color: #7f003f;">Engineer</span>, </strong>as in better urban design. Good urban design makes it easier for people to do the right thing. Such design methodically invests in, say, lots of dustbins with recycling options; clean, frequent and well-marked public toilets throughout the city; multiple modes of public transportation that are sensibly interlinked; clear signage on roads; designated parking spaces; usable sidewalks—so we might feel like walking half a km to a bus stop or metro station. This is not rocket science!<br><p> In fact, we can learn from our own Delhi metro rail system. It’s very clean, isn’t it? The same people who litter outside behave differently inside the metro stations. Why is that? I think one reason is that there’s a cost to being the first person to litter in a clean space. The metro also puts out friendly reminders to do the right thing, such as letting people disembark before getting on, to not eat on the trains, to offer our seats to those who might need it more. All of this has the effect of promoting good behavior and discouraging bad behavior. And I’d say good urban design does that in general<em>: it promotes good behavior and discourages bad behavior! </em> </p></li>
560
561
562
563<li><span style="color: #7f003f;"><strong>Enforce</strong></span>, as in law enforcement: How often is someone in Gurgaon penalized for jumping a red light, or driving in the wrong direction? For burning trash, littering and dumping construction waste? For urinating and spitting on walls? Not very often, right? … The truth is that a credible deterrent is also necessary to change behaviors. And some of our cities are figuring this out! The Thane municipal corporation now has safai <a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/thane/thane-residents-could-soon-be-fined-littering-public-places-53956" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">marshals</a> who issue on-the-spot fines for many violations. A mobile court does the same in Rajkot. Chandigarh and Chennai have similar initiatives. This needs to become much more common, and we have to put pressure on our local governments to do so. </li>
564
565
566
567<li><span style="color: #7f003f;"><strong>Engage the citizen</strong></span>: By this I mean citizen activism, that’s really important to cut through the apathy and cynicism that surrounds us. A lot of us are very concerned about the state of our cities but what we look around we see urban administrators who lack the will, the incentives or the knowledge to make a difference—so we citizens need to step up and push for change. And we can really amplify our voice through collective action.<br><p> <a class="asset-img-link" style="float: right;" href="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507e09970d.jpg?ssl=1"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" title="NamitTEDx2" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507e09970d img-responsive" style="width: 350px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/6a00d8341dd33453ef01bb09507e09970d.jpg?ssl=1" alt="NamitTEDx2"></a>For example, a group of volunteers got together and began cleaning a stretch of beach in Mumbai, which sent a message to the administration. Another citizen’s movement called <em>I Am Gurgaon</em>, leads the planting and maintenance of the large Aravalli Biodiversity Park. The <em>Raahgiri Day</em> movement has pioneered the concept of car-free days in multiple cities, when certain streets are used only for walking and cycling. There are many such organizations we can join, or we can start new ones—arguably easier to do in this age of social media. We can also build and use civic sense apps like <em>Hawa Badlo </em>(or Change the Air)<em>,</em> to raise public awareness <em><u>and</u></em> to put pressure on our local governments to act. </p><br><p> As responsible citizens, we also need to avoid turning a blind eye to bad behavior, when we see it. We can politely request, explain, or set an example for others. There are many things we can change in our daily lives that’ll make a difference. No one from above is going to come and save us; we have to initiate the change ourselves. A higher level of citizen awareness and activism exists in all countries whose civic sense we envy on our foreign travels.</p></li>
568</ol>
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571
572<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cultivating civic sense is, above all, a huge consciousness raising exercise. It’s a work of inner transformation. It both complements and strengthens governance—they reinforce each other. Civic sense is essential if we want to make our cities more livable and sustainable. And for that, each of us needs to look within and ask: what can <em><u>I</u></em> do to improve the civic sense around me?</p>
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576<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Thank you!<em><br></em></p>
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680<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-small-font-size" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-style:normal;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.2em;text-transform:uppercase"><strong>About</strong></h3>
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684<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph" style="padding-top:0">Shunya&#8217;s Notes, a blog associated with <a href="https://www.shunya.net">Shunya.net</a>, went live in Oct 2006.</p>
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688<p class="has-fit-text has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.5px">Editors:&nbsp;<a href="https://blog.shunya.net/namit-arora" data-type="page" data-id="8683"><strong>Namit Arora</strong></a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://blog.shunya.net/usha-alexander" data-type="page" data-id="8686"><strong>Usha Alexander</strong></a></p>
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701<form role="search" method="get" action="https://blog.shunya.net/" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label has-small-font-size" for="wp-block-search__input-2" >Site search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper" ><input class="wp-block-search__input has-small-font-size" id="wp-block-search__input-2" placeholder="" value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="Search" class="wp-block-search__button has-small-font-size wp-element-button" type="submit" >Search</button></div></form>
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708<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>INDIANS</strong><br><strong>A Brief History of a Civilization</strong><br>A web-series in <a href="https://www.namitarora.com/IndiansWebSeries.html">ten episodes</a> (~30-mins. each) on YouTube (open access)</p>
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712<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://www.namitarora.com/IndiansWebSeries.html"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="590" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2-1024x590.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-12064" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?resize=1024%2C590&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?resize=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?resize=150%2C86&amp;ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?resize=768%2C443&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?resize=1200%2C692&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/IndiansComposite2.jpg?w=1275&amp;ssl=1 1275w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Research, Script &amp; Narration by Namit Arora</figcaption></figure>
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716<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"/>
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720<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><strong>Recent Books: </strong></p>
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724<div class="wp-block-media-text" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);grid-template-columns:32% auto"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.namitarora.com/SpeakingOfHistory.html"><img decoding="async" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/SoH_front-1-661x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8511 size-full"/></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
725<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.namitarora.com/SpeakingOfHistory.html">Speaking of History </a></p>
726
727
728
729<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph">Conversations about India&#8217;s Past and Present</p>
730
731
732
733<p class="has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph">Romila Thapar | Namit Arora</p>
734</div></div>
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738<hr class="wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background"/>
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742<div class="wp-block-media-text" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);grid-template-columns:32% auto"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.namitarora.com/Indians.html"><img decoding="async" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Indians_cover_front_small.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8515 size-full"/></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
743<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.namitarora.com/Indians.html">Indians</a></p>
744
745
746
747<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph">A Brief History of a Civilization</p>
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750
751<p class="has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph">Namit Arora</p>
752</div></div>
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756<hr class="wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background"/>
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760<div class="wp-block-media-text" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:0;grid-template-columns:32% auto"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://ushaalexander.com/the-legend-of-virinara.html"><img decoding="async" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TLoV_150.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-8516 size-full"/></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
761<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://ushaalexander.com/the-legend-of-virinara.html">The Legend of Virinara</a></p>
762
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765<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph">A Novel</p>
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769<p class="has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph">Usha Alexander</p>
770</div></div>
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845<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="min-height:0px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0">
846<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:0.2em;text-transform:uppercase"><strong>Recent Posts</strong></h3>
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853<ul style="line-height:2;text-transform:capitalize;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0" class="wp-block-latest-posts__list has-author wp-block-latest-posts has-medium-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-latest-posts-is-layout-flow"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/07/namit-arora-interviewed-by-jugnu-mohsin-for-jugnunama.html">Namit Arora in conversation with Jugnu Mohsin</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
854<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/05/another-scroll-interview-of-romila-thapar-and-namit-arora.html">Scroll&#8217;s email interview with Romila Thapar and Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
855<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/05/why-is-there-so-much-history-in-todays-politics.html">Why is there so much history in today’s politics?</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
856<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/04/caste-system-and-its-evolution-in-the-indian-subcontinent-namit-aroras-talk-at-the-school-of-social-sciences-jnu.html">Caste System and Its Evolution in the Indian Subcontinent: Namit Arora&#8217;s Talk at the School of Social Sciences, JNU</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
857<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/04/on-anachronism-and-presentism-in-historical-writing.html">On Anachronism and Presentism in Historical Writing</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
858<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/03/namit-aroras-response-to-a-review-of-speaking-of-history-in-frontline-magazine.html">Namit Arora&#8217;s response to a review of &#8216;Speaking of History&#8217; in Frontline magazine</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
859<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/01/the-emergence-of-a-common-indian-identity-an-excerpt-from-speaking-of-history-by-romila-thapar-namit-arora.html">The Emergence of a Common Indian Identity: An Excerpt from ‘Speaking of History’ by Romila Thapar, Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
860<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/01/asian-review-of-books-podcast-about-speaking-of-history.html">Asian Review of Books Podcast about &#8216;Speaking of History&#8217;</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
861<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2026/01/why-is-history-so-controversial-in-todays-india.html">Why is History So Controversial in Today&#8217;s India?</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
862<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/12/whats-pride-worthy-in-hindu-indias-past-an-excerpt-from-speaking-of-history-by-romila-thapar-and-namit-arora.html">What&#8217;s Pride-worthy in Hindu India&#8217;s past: An Excerpt from ‘Speaking of History’ by Romila Thapar and Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
863<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/12/an-indian-inferiority-complex-an-excerpt-from-speaking-of-history-by-romila-thapar-and-namit-arora.html">An Indian Inferiority Complex: An Excerpt from &#8216;Speaking of History&#8217; by Romila Thapar and Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
864<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/12/excerpt-nonviolence-and-tolerance-in-early-india.html">Nonviolence and Tolerance in Early India: An Excerpt from &#8216;Speaking of History&#8217; by Romila Thapar and Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
865<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/07/a-talk-on-marco-polos-india.html">A talk on Marco Polo&#8217;s India of the 13th century</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
866<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/04/in-memoriam-reena-geetanjali-chesla-19652025.html">In Memoriam, Reena GeetAnjali Chesla (1965–2025)</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Usha Alexander</div></li>
867<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/02/in-memoriam-dr-malati-kesaree-193452025.html">In Memoriam, Dr. Malati Kesaree (1934/5–2025)</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Usha Alexander</div></li>
868<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2025/02/on-social-scientists-engaging-with-civic-spaces.html">On Social Scientists Engaging With Civic Spaces</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
869<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2024/11/the-mystic-tradition-of-india.html">The Mystic Tradition of India</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
870<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2024/03/karan-thapar-interviews-namit-arora.html">“Indian Civilization is an Idea But Also an Enigma”: Karan Thapar interviews Namit Arora</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
871<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2024/03/exploring-indias-past-from-al-beruni-to-marco-polo-and-ibn-battuta.html">Exploring India&#8217;s Past: From Al-Beruni to Marco Polo and Ibn-Battuta</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Namit Arora</div></li>
872<li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://blog.shunya.net/2024/03/what-can-i-do-about-climate-change.html">What Can I Do About Climate Change?</a><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-author">by Usha Alexander</div></li>
873</ul>
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880<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"><strong>A Deccani journey</strong><br>Namit&#8217;s <a href="https://x.com/NamitArora0/status/1942090322802057549"><strong>
880photo essays</strong></a> from a two-week train journey in June 2025—going from Mumbai to Hyderabad—with stops in <a href="https://www.shunya.net/Pictures/South%20India/Lonavala/Lonavala.htm">Lonavala</a>, <a href="https://www.shunya.net/Pictures/South%20India/Pune/Pune.htm">Pune</a>, <a href="https://www.shunya.net/Pictures/South%20India/Bijapur/Bijapur.htm">Bijapur</a>, <a href="https://www.shunya.net/Pictures/South%20India/Gulbarga/Gulbarga.htm">Gulbarga</a> and <a href="https://www.shunya.net/Pictures/South%20India/Bidar/Bidar.htm">Bidar</a>.</p>
881</div>
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885<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://blog.shunya.net/2017/04/civic-sense-for-change.html&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
886<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://x.com/NamitArora0/status/1942090322802057549"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="554" data-id="10416" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025-1024x554.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-10416" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?resize=1024%2C554&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?resize=300%2C162&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?resize=150%2C81&amp;ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?resize=768%2C416&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?resize=1200%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DeccanTripMap2025.jpg?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
887</figure>
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891<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"/>
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895<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>The story behing the name</strong></p>
896
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899<p class="has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph" style="line-height:1.6">“<strong>Shunya</strong>” means both&nbsp;<em>zero</em>&nbsp;and the metaphysical&nbsp;<em><a href="http://www.kheper.net/topics/Buddhism/sunyata.htm">void</a></em>. Zero and the decimal system emerged in India about 1,500 years ago, later travelling westward with the Arabs—hence the term&nbsp;<em>Arabic numerals</em>. The earliest known epigraphic evidence of zero in decimal notation appears in the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-india-zero">Bhojadeva</a> inscriptions of Gwalior—at least the earliest found <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2013/oct/07/mathematics1">on stone</a>. And so some think of Gwalior as the birthplace of zero. It also happens to be where this blog’s founder, Namit Arora, grew up, so he claims a measure of pride in being associated with&nbsp;<em>nothing</em>.</p>
900
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903<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" style="margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"/>
904</aside>
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908<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong> </strong></p>
909
910
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912<p class="has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>How Google AI describes this blog!</strong></p>
913
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916<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><a href="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="669" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview-1024x669.png" alt="" class="wp-image-11904" style="width:1024px;height:auto" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?resize=1024%2C669&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?resize=300%2C196&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?resize=150%2C98&amp;ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?resize=768%2C502&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?resize=1200%2C784&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.shunya.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/GoogleAIview.png?w=1264&amp;ssl=1 1264w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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924<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
925
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928<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Contact us: </strong></p>
929
930
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988<input type='hidden' name='jetpack_form_fill_duration' value='' />
989
990<div class="wp-block-jetpack-contact-form is-layout-flex wp-container-jetpack-contact-form-is-layout-2b4208ba wp-block-jetpack-contact-form-is-layout-flex">
991<div style=""  data-wp-interactive="jetpack/form" data-wp-context='{"fieldId":"gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname","fieldType":"name","fieldLabel":"Your name","fieldValue":"","fieldPlaceholder":"","fieldIsRequired":"1","fieldErrorMessage":"","fieldExtra":[],"formHash":"9c09ee36bb15bf1e080864c9493bb97ddbb80e99"}'  class='wp-block-jetpack-field-name grunion-field-name-wrap wp-block-jetpack-input-wrap has-medium-font-size-wrap grunion-field-wrap'  data-jp-field-id='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname' data-jp-visibility-root='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname' data-wp-class--jetpack-field--conditionally-hidden="state.isFieldHidden" data-wp-watch--conditional-focus="callbacks.manageConditionalFocus" data-wp-init='callbacks.initializeField' data-wp-on--jetpack-form-reset='callbacks.initializeField' >
992<label
993				for='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname' class="grunion-field-label name wp-block-jetpack-label has-medium-font-size" >Your name<span class="grunion-label-required" aria-hidden="true">(required)</span></label>
994<input
995					type='text'
996					name='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname'
997					id='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname'
998					value=''
999
1000					data-wp-bind--aria-invalid='state.fieldAriaInvalid'
1001					data-wp-bind--value='state.getFieldValue'
1002					aria-describedby='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname-text-error-message'
1003					data-wp-on--input='actions.onFieldChange'
1004					data-wp-on--blur='actions.onFieldBlur'
1005					data-wp-class--has-value='state.hasFieldValue'
1006
1007					class='name wp-block-jetpack-input has-medium-font-size grunion-field' 
1008					required='true' aria-required='true'  />
1009 
1010			<div id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname-text-error" 
1010class="contact-form__input-error" data-wp-class--has-errors="state.fieldHasErrors">
1011				<span class="contact-form__warning-icon" aria-hidden="true">
1012					<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1013						<path d="M8.50015 11.6402H7.50015V10.6402H8.50015V11.6402Z" />
1014						<path d="M7.50015 9.64018H8.50015V6.30684H7.50015V9.64018Z" />
1015						<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.98331 3.0947C7.42933 2.30177 8.57096 2.30177 9.01698 3.09469L13.8771 11.7349C14.3145 12.5126 13.7525 13.4735 12.8602 13.4735H3.14004C2.24774 13.4735 1.68575 12.5126 2.12321 11.7349L6.98331 3.0947ZM8.14541 3.58496C8.08169 3.47168 7.9186 3.47168 7.85488 3.58496L2.99478 12.2251C2.93229 12.3362 3.01257 12.4735 3.14004 12.4735H12.8602C12.9877 12.4735 13.068 12.3362 13.0055 12.2251L8.14541 3.58496Z" />
1016					</svg>
1017				</span>
1018				<span data-wp-text="state.errorMessage" id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourname-text-error-message"></span>
1019			</div> 
1020	</div>
1021
1022
1023
1024<div style=""  data-wp-interactive="jetpack/form" data-wp-context='{"fieldId":"gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail","fieldType":"email","fieldLabel":"Your email","fieldValue":"","fieldPlaceholder":"","fieldIsRequired":"1","fieldErrorMessage":"","fieldExtra":[],"formHash":"9c09ee36bb15bf1e080864c9493bb97ddbb80e99"}'  class='wp-block-jetpack-field-email grunion-field-email-wrap wp-block-jetpack-input-wrap has-medium-font-size-wrap grunion-field-wrap'  data-jp-field-id='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail' data-jp-visibility-root='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail' data-wp-class--jetpack-field--conditionally-hidden="state.isFieldHidden" data-wp-watch--conditional-focus="callbacks.manageConditionalFocus" data-wp-init='callbacks.initializeField' data-wp-on--jetpack-form-reset='callbacks.initializeField' >
1025<label
1026				for='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail' class="grunion-field-label email wp-block-jetpack-label has-medium-font-size" >Your email<span class="grunion-label-required" aria-hidden="true">(required)</span></label>
1027<input
1028					type='email'
1029					name='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail'
1030					id='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail'
1031					value=''
1032
1033					data-wp-bind--aria-invalid='state.fieldAriaInvalid'
1034					data-wp-bind--value='state.getFieldValue'
1035					aria-describedby='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail-email-error-message'
1036					data-wp-on--input='actions.onFieldChange'
1037					data-wp-on--blur='actions.onFieldBlur'
1038					data-wp-class--has-value='state.hasFieldValue'
1039
1040					class='email wp-block-jetpack-input has-medium-font-size grunion-field' 
1041					required='true' aria-required='true'  />
1042 
1043			<div id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail-email-error" class="contact-form__input-error" data-wp-class--has-errors="state.fieldHasErrors">
1044				<span class="contact-form__warning-icon" aria-hidden="true">
1045					<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1046						<path d="M8.50015 11.6402H7.50015V10.6402H8.50015V11.6402Z" />
1047						<path d="M7.50015 9.64018H8.50015V6.30684H7.50015V9.64018Z" />
1048						<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.98331 3.0947C7.42933 2.30177 8.57096 2.30177 9.01698 3.09469L13.8771 11.7349C14.3145 12.5126 13.7525 13.4735 12.8602 13.4735H3.14004C2.24774 13.4735 1.68575 12.5126 2.12321 11.7349L6.98331 3.0947ZM8.14541 3.58496C8.08169 3.47168 7.9186 3.47168 7.85488 3.58496L2.99478 12.2251C2.93229 12.3362 3.01257 12.4735 3.14004 12.4735H12.8602C12.9877 12.4735 13.068 12.3362 13.0055 12.2251L8.14541 3.58496Z" />
1049					</svg>
1050				</span>
1051				<span data-wp-text="state.errorMessage" id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-youremail-email-error-message"></span>
1052			</div> 
1053	</div>
1054
1055
1056
1057<div style=""  data-wp-interactive="jetpack/form" data-wp-context='{"fieldId":"gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage","fieldType":"textarea","fieldLabel":"Your message","fieldValue":"","fieldPlaceholder":"","fieldIsRequired":"","fieldErrorMessage":"","fieldExtra":[],"formHash":"9c09ee36bb15bf1e080864c9493bb97ddbb80e99"}'  class='wp-block-jetpack-field-textarea grunion-field-textarea-wrap wp-block-jetpack-input-wrap has-medium-font-size-wrap grunion-field-wrap'  data-jp-field-id='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage' data-jp-visibility-root='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage' data-wp-class--jetpack-field--conditionally-hidden="state.isFieldHidden" data-wp-watch--conditional-focus="callbacks.manageConditionalFocus" data-wp-init='callbacks.initializeField' data-wp-on--jetpack-form-reset='callbacks.initializeField' >
1058<label
1059				for='contact-form-comment-gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage' class="grunion-field-label textarea wp-block-jetpack-label has-medium-font-size" >Your message</label>
1060<textarea
1061		                style=''
1062		                name='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage'
1063		                id='contact-form-comment-gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage'
1064		                rows='20'
1065						data-wp-text='state.getFieldValue'
1066						data-wp-on--input='actions.onFieldChange'
1067						data-wp-on--blur='actions.onFieldBlur'
1068						data-wp-class--has-value='state.hasFieldValue'
1069						aria-describedby='gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage-textarea-error-message'
1070						data-wp-bind--aria-invalid='state.fieldAriaInvalid'
1071						class='textarea wp-block-jetpack-input has-medium-font-size grunion-field'  ></textarea>
1072 
1073			<div id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage-textarea-error" class="contact-form__input-error" data-wp-class--has-errors="state.fieldHasErrors">
1074				<span class="contact-form__warning-icon" aria-hidden="true">
1075					<svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1076						<path d="M8.50015 11.6402H7.50015V10.6402H8.50015V11.6402Z" />
1077						<path d="M7.50015 9.64018H8.50015V6.30684H7.50015V9.64018Z" />
1078						<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.98331 3.0947C7.42933 2.30177 8.57096 2.30177 9.01698 3.09469L13.8771 11.7349C14.3145 12.5126 13.7525 13.4735 12.8602 13.4735H3.14004C2.24774 13.4735 1.68575 12.5126 2.12321 11.7349L6.98331 3.0947ZM8.14541 3.58496C8.08169 3.47168 7.9186 3.47168 7.85488 3.58496L2.99478 12.2251C2.93229 12.3362 3.01257 12.4735 3.14004 12.4735H12.8602C12.9877 12.4735 13.068 12.3362 13.0055 12.2251L8.14541 3.58496Z" />
1079					</svg>
1080				</span>
1081				<span data-wp-text="state.errorMessage" id="gblock-template-part-bitacorasidebar-yourmessage-textarea-error-message"></span>
1082			</div>
1083	</div>
1084
1085
1086<div class="contact-form__error" data-wp-class--show-errors="state.showFormErrors"><span class="contact-form__warning-icon" aria-hidden="true"><i></i></span><span class="contact-form__error-message" tabindex="-1" data-wp-watch="callbacks.focusOnValidationError" data-wp-text="state.getFormErrorMessage"></span><ul aria-label="Form errors">
1087				<template data-wp-each="state.getErrorList" data-wp-key="context.item.id">
1088					<li><a data-wp-bind--href="context.item.anchor" data-wp-on--click="actions.scrollIntoView" data-wp-text="context.item.label"></a></li>
1089				</template>
1090				</ul></div><div class="contact-form__error" data-wp-class--show-errors="state.showSubmissionError" data-wp-text="context.submissionError" tabindex="-1" data-wp-watch="callbacks.focusOnSubmissionError"></div> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-button wp-block-button" style=""><button data-wp-bind--disabled="state.isAriaDisabled" class="wp-block-button__link" style="" data-id-attr="placeholder" type="submit" data-wp-class--is-submitting="state.isSubmitting" data-wp-bind--aria-disabled="state.isAriaDisabled">Send message<span class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12,1A11,11,0,1,0,23,12,11,11,0,0,0,12,1Zm0,19a8,8,0,1,1,8-8A8,8,0,0,1,12,20Z" opacity=".25"/><path d="M10.14,1.16a11,11,0,0,0-9,8.92A1.59,1.59,0,0,0,2.46,12,1.52,1.52,0,0,0,4.11,10.7a8,8,0,0,1,6.66-6.61A1.42,1.42,0,0,0,12,2.69h0A1.57,1.57,0,0,0,10.14,1.16Z"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="0.75s" values="0 12 12;360 12 12" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg><span class="is-visually-hidden">Submitting form</span></span></button></div></div>
1091		<input type='hidden' name='contact-form-id' value='block-template-part-bitacora//sidebar' />
1092		<input type='hidden' name='action' value='grunion-contact-form' />
1093		<input type='hidden' name='contact-form-hash' value='9c09ee36bb15bf1e080864c9493bb97ddbb80e99' />
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1094<script>
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1392<script type='text/javascript'  src='https://blog.shunya.net/_static/??wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/wpgroho.js,wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/queuehandler.js?m=1790019728'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1392
1392
1393<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before">
1394window._googlesitekit = window._googlesitekit || {};
1395window._googlesitekit.contentEvents = {"postID":4261,"isSinglePost":true,"hasVimeoEmbed":false};
1396//# sourceURL=googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js-before
1397</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1397
1397
1398<script id="googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-js" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-events-provider-content-events-bb83c1a0aedefa5d25d1.js" defer></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1398
1398
1399<script id="jetpack-stats-js-before">
1400_stq = window._stq || [];
1401_stq.push([ "view", {"v":"ext","blog":"248476180","post":"4261","tz":"5.5","srv":"blog.shunya.net","hp":"atomic","ac":"2","amp":"0","j":"1:16.3-a.3"} ]);
1402_stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "248476180", "4261" ]);
1403//# sourceURL=jetpack-stats-js-before
1404</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1404
1404
1405<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer fetchpriority="low" id="jetpack-stats-js" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202639.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1405
1405
1406<script id="jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url-js-before">
1407var Jetpack_Block_Assets_Base_Url="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/blocks/";
1408//# sourceURL=jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url-js-before
1409</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1409
1409
1410<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="jetpack-block-subscriptions-js" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/blocks/subscriptions/view.js?minify=false&#038;ver=16.3-a.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1410
1410
1411<script id="sharing-js-js-extra">
1412var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"};
1413//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-extra
1414</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1414
1414
1415<script id="sharing-js-js" src="https://blog.shunya.net/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=16.3-a.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1415
1415
1416<script id="sharing-js-js-after">
1417window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {};
1418window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "twitter" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350";
1419window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {};
1420window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "facebook" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400";
1421//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-after
1422</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1422
1422
1423<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
1424{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://blog.shunya.net/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.2"}}
1425</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1425
1425
1426<script type="module">
1427/*! This file is auto-generated */
1428var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
1429//# sourceURL=https://blog.shunya.net/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
1430</script>
1430
1431		
1431<script type="text/javascript">
1432			(function () {
1433				const iframe = document.getElementById( 'jetpack_remote_comment' );
1434								const watchReply = function() {
1435					// Check addComment._Jetpack_moveForm to make sure we don't monkey-patch twice.
1436					if ( 'undefined' !== typeof addComment && ! addComment._Jetpack_moveForm ) {
1437						// Cache the Core function.
1438						addComment._Jetpack_moveForm = addComment.moveForm;
1439						const commentParent = document.getElementById( 'comment_parent' );
1440						const cancel = document.getElementById( 'cancel-comment-reply-link' );
1441
1442						function tellFrameNewParent ( commentParentValue ) {
1443							const url = new URL( iframe.src );
1444							if ( commentParentValue ) {
1445								url.searchParams.set( 'replytocom', commentParentValue )
1446							} else {
1447								url.searchParams.delete( 'replytocom' );
1448							}
1449							if( iframe.src !== url.href ) {
1450								iframe.src = url.href;
1451							}
1452						};
1453
1454						cancel.addEventListener( 'click', function () {
1455							tellFrameNewParent( false );
1456						} );
1457
1458						addComment.moveForm = function ( _, parentId ) {
1459							tellFrameNewParent( parentId );
1460							return addComment._Jetpack_moveForm.apply( null, arguments );
1461						};
1462					}
1463				}
1464				document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', watchReply );
1465				// In WP 6.4+, the script is loaded asynchronously, so we need to wait for it to load before we monkey-patch the functions it introduces.
1466				document.querySelector('#comment-reply-js')?.addEventListener( 'load', watchReply );
1467
1468								
1469				const commentIframes = document.getElementsByClassName('jetpack_remote_comment');
1470
1471				window.addEventListener('message', function(event) {
1472					if (event.origin !== 'https://jetpack.wordpress.com') {
1473						return;
1474					}
1475
1476					if (!event?.data?.iframeUniqueId && !event?.data?.height) {
1477						return;
1478					}
1479
1480					const eventDataUniqueId = event.data.iframeUniqueId;
1481
1482					// Change height for the matching comment iframe
1483					for (let i = 0; i < commentIframes.length; i++) {
1484						const iframe = commentIframes[i];
1485						const url = new URL(iframe.src);
1486						const iframeUniqueIdParam = url.searchParams.get('iframe_unique_id');
1487						if (iframeUniqueIdParam == event.data.iframeUniqueId) {
1488							iframe.style.height = event.data.height + 'px';
1489							return;
1490						}
1491					}
1492				});
1493			})();
1494		</script>
1494
1495		</body>
1496</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.