1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<!--[if IE 7]> 3<html id="ie7" lang="en"> 4<![endif]--> 5<!--[if (gt IE 7) | (!IE)]><!--> 6<html lang="en"> 7<!--<![endif]--> 8<head> 9<meta charset="UTF-8" /> 10<title>Books | British Food: A History</title> 11<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> 12<link rel="pingback" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/xmlrpc.php" />
13<script type="text/javascript"> 14 WebFontConfig = {"google":{"families":["Libre+Baskerville:r:latin,latin-ext","Cabin:r,i,b,bi:latin,latin-ext"]},"api_url":"https:\/\/fonts-api.wp.com\/css"}; 15 (function() { 16 var wf = document.createElement('script'); 17 wf.src = '/wp-content/plugins/custom-fonts/js/webfont.js'; 18 wf.type = 'text/javascript'; 19 wf.async = 'true'; 20 var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; 21 s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); 22 })(); 23</script>
23<style id="jetpack-custom-fonts-css">.wf-active #site-title a{font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-family:"Libre Baskerville",serif}.wf-active body, .wf-active input, .wf-active textarea{font-family:"Cabin",sans-serif}@media print{.wf-active body{font-family:"Cabin",sans-serif}}.wf-active #content-box h1, .wf-active h2, .wf-active h3, .wf-active h4, .wf-active h5, .wf-active h6, .wf-active th{font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-family:"Libre Baskerville",serif}.wf-active .page-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .page-title span{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-content h1{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .entry-content h2{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-content h3{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-content h4{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .entry-content h5, .wf-active .entry-content h6{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.wf-active .entry-content h6{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .widget-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active .sidebar-list h2{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active #comments-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}.wf-active #reply-title{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}</style> 24<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> 25 26<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
27<script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> 28var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; 29function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { 30 var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); 31 if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } 32} 33function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { 34 var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); 35 for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { 36 dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); 37 } 38} 39function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { 40 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); 41 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 42 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 43 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); 44 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); 45 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); 46} 47 48// Watch for messages back from the remote login 49window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { 50 if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { 51 var data = {}; 52 try { 53 data = JSON.parse( e.data ); 54 } catch( e ) { 55 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 56 return; 57 } 58 59 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { 60 // Clean up the login check iframe 61 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 62 63 var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); 64 var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); 65 if ( 66 token_regex.test( data.token ) 67 && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) 68 ) { 69 // We have everything we need to ask for a login 70 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 71 script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 72 script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' 73 + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid 74 + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) 75 + '&host=' + window.location.protocol 76 + '//' + window.location.hostname 77 + '&postid=4507' 78 + '&is_singular='; 79 document.body.appendChild( script ); 80 } 81 82 return; 83 } 84 85 // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect 86 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { 87 window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; 88 return; 89 } 90 91 // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request 92 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { 93 var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; 94 var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); 95 style_zap.type = 'text/css'; 96 style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); 97 document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); 98 99 var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); 100 e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); 101 102 document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; 103 104 return; 105 } 106 107 // Safari ITP 108 if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { 109 console.log( 'request access: safari' ); 110 111 // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob 112 if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { 113 return; 114 } 115 116 // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. 117 var private_window = false; 118 try { 119 var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); 120 } catch( e ) { 121 private_window = true; 122 } 123 124 if ( private_window ) { 125 console.log( 'private window' ); 126 return; 127 } 128 129 var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); 130 iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; 131 iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); 132 iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); 133 iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); 134 135 var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; 136 137 var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); 138 style.type = 'text/css'; 139 style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; 140 style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); 141 document.body.appendChild( style ); 142 143 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 144 } 145 146 if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { 147 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 148 } 149 } 150}, false ); 151 152// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load 153// more critical resources 154window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { 155 var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" );
156 iframe.style.display = "none"; 157 iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); 158 iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 159 iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" 160 + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" 161 + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9icml0aXNoZm9vZGhpc3RvcnkuY29t" 162 + "&wpcomid=25276452" 163 + "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 ); 164 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 165}, false ); 166</script>
166 167<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> 168<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> 169<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//wordpress.com' /> 170<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> 171<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' /> 172<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="British Food: A History » Feed" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/feed/" /> 173<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="British Food: A History » Comments Feed" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/comments/feed/" /> 174
174<script type="text/javascript"> 175 /* <![CDATA[ */ 176 function addLoadEvent(func) { 177 var oldonload = window.onload; 178 if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { 179 window.onload = func; 180 } else { 181 window.onload = function () { 182 oldonload(); 183 func(); 184 } 185 } 186 } 187 /* ]]> */ 188 </script>
188 189 <style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 190img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 191/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 192</style> 193<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/widgets/eu-cookie-law/templates/style.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/jetpack-likes.css?m=1743883414j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 194<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css"> 195 196 img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { 197 display: inline !important; 198 border: none !important; 199 box-shadow: none !important; 200 height: 1em !important; 201 width: 1em !important; 202 margin: 0 0.07em !important; 203 vertical-align: -0.1em !important; 204 background: none !important; 205 padding: 0 !important; 206 } 207/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */ 208</style> 209<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css"> 210:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
210--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} 211 212/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/common.min.css */ 213</style> 214<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/wpcom-blocks-code-style/wpcom-blocks-code-style.css?m=1784510250i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 215<style id="wp-block-embed-inline-css"> 216.wp-block-embed.alignleft,.wp-block-embed.alignright,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"],.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"]{max-width:360px;width:100%}.wp-block-embed.alignleft .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block-embed.alignright .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper{min-width:280px}.wp-block-cover .wp-block-embed{min-height:240px;min-width:320px}.wp-block-group.is-layout-flex .wp-block-embed{flex:1 1 0%;min-width:0}.wp-block-embed{overflow-wrap:break-word}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-embed iframe{max-width:100%}.wp-block-embed__wrapper{position:relative}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{content:"";display:block;padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio iframe{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-21-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:42.85%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-18-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-16-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:56.25%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-4-3 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:75%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-1 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-9-16 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:177.77%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-2 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:200%} 217/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/embed/style.min.css */ 218</style> 219<style id="wp-block-gallery-inline-css"> 220.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images){display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;justify-content:center;margin:0 1em 1em 0;position:relative;width:calc(50% - 1em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(2n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(2n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(2n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(2n){margin-right:0}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figure,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figure,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figure,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figure{align-items:flex-end;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:flex-start;margin:0}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image img,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item img{display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:auto}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figcaption,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figcaption,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figcaption,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figcaption{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.7),rgba(0,0,0,.3) 70%,transparent);bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;font-size:.8em;margin:0;max-height:100%;overflow:auto;padding:3em .77em .7em;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:2}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figcaption img,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figcaption img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image figcaption img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item figcaption img{display:inline}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) figcaption,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) figcaption{flex-grow:1}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-image a,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-image img,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-item a,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-item img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-image a,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-image img,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-item a,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).is-cropped .blocks-gallery-item img{flex:1;height:100%;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:0;width:100%}@media (min-width:600px){.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(33.33333% - .66667em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(25% - .75em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(20% - .8em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(16.66667% - .83333em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(14.28571% - .85714em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-image,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-item,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-image,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-item{margin-right:1em;width:calc(12.5% - .875em)}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(1n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(1n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-2 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(2n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-2 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(2n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(3n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(3n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(4n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(4n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(5n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(5n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(6n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(6n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(7n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(7n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(8n),.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(8n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(1n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-1 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(1n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-2 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(2n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-2 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(2n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(3n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-3 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(3n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(4n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-4 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(4n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(5n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-5 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(5n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(6n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-6 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(6n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(7n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-7 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(7n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-image:nth-of-type(8n),.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).columns-8 .blocks-gallery-item:nth-of-type(8n){margin-right:0}}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image:last-child,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item:last-child,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-image:last-child,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images) .blocks-gallery-item:last-child{margin-right:0}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).alignleft,.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).alignright,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).alignleft,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).alignright{max-width:420px;width:100%}.blocks-gallery-grid:not(.has-nested-images).aligncenter .blocks-gallery-item figure,.wp-block-gallery:not(.has-nested-images).aligncenter .blocks-gallery-item figure{justify-content:center}.wp-block-gallery:not(.is-cropped) .blocks-gallery-item{align-self:flex-start}figure.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex){align-items:normal}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){margin:0;width:calc(50% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)/2)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figure.wp-block-image{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;justify-content:center;max-width:100%}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figure.wp-block-image>a,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figure.wp-block-image>div{flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;margin:0}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figure.wp-block-image img{display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%!important;width:auto}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex) figcaption{flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;text-align:center}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex):not(.is-cropped) figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){margin-bottom:auto;margin-top:0}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).is-cropped figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){align-self:inherit}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).is-cropped figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image)>a,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).is-cropped figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image)>div:not(.components-drop-zone){display:flex}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).is-cropped figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image) a,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).is-cropped figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image) img{flex:1 0 0%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-1 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:100%}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-l
220ayout-flex).columns-3 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(33.33333% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.66667)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-4 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(25% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.75)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-5 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(20% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.8)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-6 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(16.66667% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.83333)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-7 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(14.28571% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.85714)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-8 figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(12.5% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.875)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-default figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(33.33% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.66667)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-default figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image):first-child:nth-last-child(2),.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-default figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image):first-child:nth-last-child(2)~figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image){width:calc(50% - var(--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap, 16px)*.5)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).columns-default figure.wp-block-image:not(#individual-image):first-child:last-child{width:100%}}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).alignleft,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).alignright{max-width:420px;width:100%}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images:where(.is-layout-flex).aligncenter{justify-content:center}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image{margin:0;position:relative}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image:has(figcaption):before{bottom:0;left:0;max-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image:has(figcaption):before{backdrop-filter:blur(3px);content:"";height:100%;-webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(0deg,#000 20%,transparent);mask-image:linear-gradient(0deg,#000 20%,transparent);max-height:3em;pointer-events:none}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption{box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;font-size:13px;margin:0;overflow:auto;padding:1em;text-align:center;text-shadow:0 0 1.5px #000}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption::-webkit-scrollbar{height:12px;width:12px}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background-color:transparent}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-clip:padding-box;background-color:transparent;border:3px solid transparent;border-radius:8px}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:focus-within::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:focus::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption{scrollbar-color:transparent transparent;scrollbar-gutter:stable both-edges;scrollbar-width:thin}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:focus,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:focus-within,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption:hover{scrollbar-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8) transparent}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption{will-change:transform}@media (hover:none){.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption{scrollbar-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8) transparent}}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.4),transparent)}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption img{display:inline}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image figcaption a{color:inherit}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.has-custom-border img{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.has-custom-border>a,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.has-custom-border>div,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded>a,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded>div{flex:1 1 auto}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.has-custom-border figcaption,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded figcaption{background:none;color:inherit;flex:initial;margin:0;padding:10px 10px 9px;position:relative;text-shadow:none}.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.has-custom-border:before,.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images figure.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded:before{content:none}:where(.wp-block-gallery.has-nested-images.is-layout-grid)>.blocks-gallery-caption{grid-column:1/-1;text-align:center} 221/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/gallery/style.min.css */ 222</style> 223<style id="wp-block-heading-inline-css"> 224h1:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h2:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h3:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h4:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h5:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background,h6:where(.wp-block-heading).has-background{padding:var(--wp--style--block-background-padding,1.25em 2.375em)}h1.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h1.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h2.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h2.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h3.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h3.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h4.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h4.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h5.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h5.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h6.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h6.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]){rotate:180deg} 225/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/heading/style.min.css */ 226</style> 227<style id="wp-block-image-inline-css"> 228.wp-block-image>a,.wp-block-image>figure>a{display:inline-block}.wp-block-image img{box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}@media not (prefers-reduced-motion){.wp-block-image img.hide{visibility:hidden}.wp-block-image img.show{animation:show-content-image .4s}}.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius] img,.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius]>a{border-radius:inherit}.wp-block-image.has-custom-border img{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-image.alignfull>a,.wp-block-image.alignwide>a{width:100%}.wp-block-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-image.alignwide img{height:auto;width:100%}.wp-block-image .aligncenter,.wp-block-image .alignleft,.wp-block-image .alignright,.wp-block-image.aligncenter,.wp-block-image.alignleft,.wp-block-image.alignright{display:table}.wp-block-image .aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignright>figcaption,.wp-block-image.aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignright>figcaption{caption-side:bottom;display:table-caption}.wp-block-image .alignleft{float:left;margin:.5em 1em .5em 0}.wp-block-image .alignright{float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em}.wp-block-image .aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-image :where(figcaption){margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img{border-radius:9999px}@supports ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)) or (-webkit-mask-image:none){.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img{border-radius:0;-webkit-mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-mode:alpha;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}}:root :where(.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded img,.wp-block-image .is-style-rounded img){border-radius:9999px}.wp-block-image figure{margin:0}.wp-lightbox-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative}.wp-lightbox-container img{cursor:zoom-in}.wp-lightbox-container img:hover+button{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button{align-items:center;backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(180%);background-color:rgba(90,90,90,.25);border:none;border-radius:4px;cursor:zoom-in;display:flex;height:20px;justify-content:center;opacity:0;padding:0;position:absolute;right:16px;text-align:center;top:16px;width:20px;z-index:100}@media not (prefers-reduced-motion){.wp-lightbox-container button{transition:opacity .2s ease}}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus-visible{outline:3px auto rgba(90,90,90,.25);outline:3px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:3px}.wp-lightbox-container button:hover{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus,.wp-lightbox-container button:hover,.wp-lightbox-container button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background-color:rgba(90,90,90,.25);border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay{box-sizing:border-box;
228cursor:zoom-out;height:100vh;left:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:100000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:inherit;gap:8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0 4px;position:absolute;right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px);top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top) + 16px);z-index:5000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:has(.wp-lightbox-close-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-close-icon svg{height:1em;width:1em}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-icon svg{display:block}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{align-items:center;bottom:16px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:inherit;gap:4px;justify-content:center;line-height:1;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;z-index:2000002}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next[hidden],.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev[hidden]{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{bottom:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background),.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none;padding:0 8px}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:has(.wp-lightbox-navigation-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:has(.wp-lightbox-navigation-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg{display:block;height:1.5em;width:1.5em}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{left:calc(env(safe-area-inset-left) + 16px)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next{right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg{vertical-align:middle}.wp-lightbox-overlay .lightbox-image-container{height:var(--wp--lightbox-container-height);left:50%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform-origin:top left;width:var(--wp--lightbox-container-width);z-index:2000001}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;margin:0;position:relative;transform-origin:0 0;width:100%;z-index:3000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image img{height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width);width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image figcaption{display:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay button{background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .scrim{background-color:#fff;height:100%;opacity:.9;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:2000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{visibility:visible}@media not (prefers-reduced-motion){.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{animation:turn-on-visibility .25s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active img{animation:turn-on-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:turn-off-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active) img{animation:turn-off-visibility .25s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active{animation:none;opacity:1;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-in .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .scrim{animation:turn-on-visibility .4s forwards}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-out .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .scrim{animation:turn-off-visibility .4s forwards}}
228@keyframes show-content-image{0%{visibility:hidden}99%{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}} 229/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/image/style.min.css */ 230</style> 231<style id="wp-block-paragraph-inline-css"> 232.is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:var(--wp--style--block-background-padding,1.25em 2.375em)}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} 233/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/paragraph/style.min.css */ 234</style> 235<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css-extra"> 236.has-text-align-justify { 237 text-align:justify; 238} 239.has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} 240/*# sourceURL=wp-block-library-inline-css */ 241</style> 242 243<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 244.wp-block-button__link{background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-size:1.125em;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff}.wp-block-accordion-heading{margin:0}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle{background-color:inherit!important;color:inherit!important}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus,.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:hover{background-color:inherit!important;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;padding:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20,1em) 0;text-decoration:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-text-color){color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-background){background-color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:focus,.wp-block-tab:hover{text-decoration:none}.wp-block-tab:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0} 245/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/classic.min.css */ 246</style> 247 248<style id="coblocks-inline-format-inline-css"> 249.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase} 250/*# sourceURL=coblocks-inline-format-inline-css */ 251</style> 252<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='/_static/??-eJx9jEEOAiEQBD/kQECjeDC+ZWEnijIwYWA3/l72op689KFTVXplCCU3zE1z6reYRYfiUwlP0VYZpwxIJE4IFRd10HOU9iFA2iuhCiI7/ROiDt9WxfETT20jCOc4YUIa2D9t5eGA91xRBMZS7ATtPkTZvCtdzNEZt7f2fHq8Afl7R7w=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 253<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 254:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
2540) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
254.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} 255:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-flex){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );}:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-grid){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );} 256/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 257</style> 258 259<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='/_static/??-eJx9jV0KAjEMhC9kDUvFnwfxLLsl1mj
259alG3K4u2NCroq+DbzJTMDU3FBsmJWSM0VbpFyhSApGXJMFzRXv8jSyAIIsihZur7E8zDr1BMmayhtgEIcRpmg6pXx53E2PuLAEk3Gx/Lb/gtFFMcSeiXJH8YduafxHj2kfbdZdeud9357vgGEnV0d&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 260<style id="jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css"> 261:root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} 262/*# sourceURL=jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css */ 263</style> 264<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='/_static/??-eJyNjcsKAjEMRX/ImhmUURfip0inLW3GNCmmQfx7H7gRN+7ugcs5cGsuCPfEHaq5RpaRFZbUmw+XD4MaQ5VolBS0+GuKPsb7eyLndVBdwd+iM3KA2ZAiqAT05Eiy6Bf8KHtJ9RkvW8gks6fX4VSP426/mQ7TMA7LA38FSqA=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' />
265<script id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> 266var actionbardata = {"siteID":"25276452","postID":"4507","siteURL":"https://britishfoodhistory.com","xhrURL":"https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"6f420edb78","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/wpcom-proxy-request.js?m=1513050504i&ver=20211021","shortlink":"https://wp.me/P1I3yI-1aH","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your \u003Ca href=\"https://wordpress.com/reader\"\u003EReader\u003C/a\u003E","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Copied to clipboard."}}; 267//# sourceURL=wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra 268</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 268
268
269<script id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> 270var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/"}; 271//# sourceURL=jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before 272</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 272
272
273<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/_static/??/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js,/wp-content/blog-plugins/wordads-classes/js/cmp/v2/cmp-non-gdpr.js?m=1780567333j'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 273
273
274<script id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> 275 rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); 276//# sourceURL=rlt-proxy-js-after 277</script>
277 278<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://britishfoodhistory.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 279<meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> 280<link rel="canonical" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" /> 281<link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/P1I3yI-1aH' /> 282<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishfoodhistory.com%2Fbooks%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishfoodhistory.com%2Fbooks%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /> 283<!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 284<meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 285<meta property="og:title" content="Books" /> 286<meta property="og:url" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" /> 287<meta property="og:description" content="If you want to order signed copies of my books, please drop me an email at [email protected]. Postage and packing to the UK varies depen
287ding upon the books ordered, but it will be £3.50 aâ¦" /> 288<meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-09T17:25:07+00:00" /> 289<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-08-29T11:39:47+00:00" /> 290<meta property="og:site_name" content="British Food: A History" /> 291<meta property="og:image" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg" /> 292<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://i0.wp.com/britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?ssl=1" /> 293<meta property="og:image" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png" /> 294<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://i0.wp.com/britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png?ssl=1" /> 295<meta property="og:image" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg" /> 296<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://i0.wp.com/britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg?ssl=1" /> 297<meta property="og:image" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg" /> 298<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://i0.wp.com/britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg?ssl=1" /> 299<meta property="og:image:width" content="650" /> 300<meta property="og:image:height" content="1000" /> 301<meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> 302<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> 303<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> 304<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@neilbuttery" /> 305<meta name="twitter:site" content="@neilbuttery" /> 306<meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Books" /> 307<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?w=640" /> 308<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 309 310<!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 311<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> 312<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> 313<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=114" /> 314<link rel='openid.server' href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/?openidserver=1' /> 315<link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/' /> 316<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/osd.xml" title="British Food: A History" /> 317<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> 318 <style type="text/css"> 319 .recentcomments a { 320 display: inline !important; 321 padding: 0 !important; 322 margin: 0 !important; 323 } 324 325 table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { 326 border: 0px; 327 margin: 0; 328 } 329 330 table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { 331 border: 0px !important; 332 background-color: transparent !important; 333 } 334 335 td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { 336 padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; 337 margin: 0px; 338 } 339 340 td.recentcommentstextend { 341 border: none !important; 342 padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; 343 } 344 345 .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { 346 padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; 347 } 348 349 td.recentcommentstexttop { 350 border: none; 351 padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; 352 } 353 354 .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { 355 padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; 356 } 357 </style> 358 <meta name="description" content="If you want to order signed copies of my books, please drop me an email at [email protected]. Postage and packing to the UK varies depen
358ding upon the books ordered, but it will be £3.50 at the most. Outside of the UK it will (sadly) be the going rate for your country. £10.00 £12.99 £20.00 £16.00…" /> 359 <style type="text/css"> 360 #site-title a { 361 color: #2d2b36; 362 } 363 </style> 364
364<script> 365var wa_client = {}; wa_client.cmd = []; wa_client.config = { 'blog_id': 25276452, 'blog_language': 'en', 'is_wordads': true, 'hosting_type': 1, 'afp_account_id': 'pub-7191366771081578', 'afp_host_id': 5038568878849053, 'theme': 'pub/pilcrow', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'formats': [ 'inline', 'belowpost', 'bottom_sticky', 'sidebar_sticky_right', 'sidebar', 'top', 'shortcode', 'gutenberg_rectangle', 'gutenberg_leaderboard', 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard', 'gutenberg_skyscraper' ] }; 366</script>
366 367
367<script type="text/javascript"> 368 369 window.doNotSellCallback = function() { 370 371 var linkElements = [ 372 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]', 373 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]', 374 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]', 375 'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]', 376 ].join(','); 377 378 var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); 379 dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/'; 380 dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' ); 381 dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow'; 382 dnsLink.style.marginLeft = '0.5em'; 383 dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information'; 384 385 var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements ); 386 387 if ( 0 === creditLinks.length ) { 388 return false; 389 } 390 391 Array.prototype.forEach.call( creditLinks, function( el ) { 392 el.insertAdjacentElement( 'afterend', dnsLink ); 393 }); 394 395 return true; 396 }; 397 398 </script>
398 399 <link rel="stylesheet" id="custom-css-css" type="text/css" href="https://s2.wp.com/?custom-css=1&csblog=1I3yI&cscache=6&csrev=4" /> 400
400<script type="text/javascript"> 401 window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2"; 402</script>
402 403
404<script type="text/javascript"> 405 var _gaq = _gaq || []; 406 _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']); 407 _gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']); 408 _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'none']); 409 _gaq.push(['_setAllowLinker', true]); 410 _gaq.push(['_initData']); 411 _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); 412 413 (function() { 414 var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; 415 ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; 416 (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); 417 })(); 418</script>
418 419<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-5' href='/_static/??-eJyNjMEKgzAQBX9IfVpq60X8lGLXRaLJJrhZ/P1SUM8eZxgGeyopSmbJCFYmb7MTxcI5jbQeDDXBxwnh6yOtCt1d4q0i1QK3ByFO5llB4xZN2V/NKf6/IfTNu2sfzbPuXssPrlM6pw==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 420<style id="jetpack-subscriptions-inline-css"> 421#subscribe-email input { 422 width: 95%; 423} 424 425.comment-subscription-form { 426 margin-bottom: 1em; 427} 428 429.comment-subscription-form .subscribe-label { 430 display: inline !important; 431} 432 433/* 434Text meant only for screen readers. 435Provides support for themes that do not bundle this CSS yet. 436@see https://make.wordpress.org/accessibility/2015/02/09/hiding-text-for-screen-readers-with-wordpress-core/ 437***********************************/ 438.screen-reader-text { 439 border: 0; 440 clip-path: inset(50%); 441 height: 1px; 442 margin: -1px; 443 overflow: hidden; 444 padding: 0; 445 position: absolute !important; 446 width: 1px; 447 overflow-wrap: normal !important; 448} 449 450/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/build/subscriptions/subscriptions.min.css */ 451</style> 452<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-5' href='/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/modules/widgets/top-posts/style.css?m=1753279645i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 453<style id="core-block-supports-inline-css"> 454.wp-block-gallery.wp-block-gallery-1{--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap:var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );} 455/*# sourceURL=core-block-supports-inline-css */ 456</style> 457 458</head> 459 460<body class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-4507 wp-theme-pubpilcrow customizer-styles-applied two-column content-sidebar color-light jetpack-reblog-enabled"> 461<div id="container" class="hfeed"> 462 <div id="page" class="blog"> 463 <div id="header"> 464 <div id="site-title"> 465 <span> 466 <a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/" title="British Food: A History" rel="home">British Food: A History</a> 467 </span> 468 </div> 469 470 <div id="nav" role="navigation"> 471 <div class="skip-link screen-reader-text"><a href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a></div> 472 <div class="menu"><ul> 473<li ><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/">Home</a></li><li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/about/">About</a></li> 474<li class="page_item page-item-4507 current_page_item"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" aria-current="page">Books</a></li> 475<li class="page_item page-item-4727"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/county-foods-series/">County Foods Series</a></li> 476<li class="page_item page-item-2366"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/easter-eggs/">Easter Eggs</a></li> 477<li class="page_item page-item-1256"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/media/">Media</a></li> 478<li class="page_item page-item-2256"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/support-the-blog-podcast/">Support the Blog & Podcast</a></li> 479<li class="page_item page-item-4361"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> 480</ul></div> 481 </div><!-- #nav --> 482 483 <div id="pic"> 484 <a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/" rel="home"> 485 <img src="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/cropped-british-food-history-long.jpg" width="770" height="200" alt="" /> 486 </a> 487 </div><!-- #pic --> 488 </div><!-- #header --> 489 490 <div id="content-box"> 491 492<div id="content-container"> 493 <div id="content" role="main"> 494 495 496<div id="post-4507" class="post-4507 page type-page status-publish hentry"> 497 <h1 class="entry-title">Books</h1> 498 <div class="entry entry-content"> 499 500<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If you want to order signed copies of my books, please drop me an email at [email protected]. Postage and packing to the UK varies depen
500ding upon the books ordered, but it will be £3.50 at the most. Outside of the UK it will (sadly) be the going rate for your country.</p> 501 502 503 504<figure data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":25276452,"permalink":"https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/"}' class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"> 505<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="4429" data-permalink="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/09/27/new-book-the-philosophy-of-puddings-out-24-october-2024/philosophy-of-puddings-cover/" data-orig-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg" data-orig-size="650,1000" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Philosophy of Puddings cover" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?w=500" width="650" height="1000" data-id="4429" src="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?w=650" alt="" class="wp-image-4429" srcset="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg 650w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?w=98 98w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/philosophy-of-puddings-cover.jpg?w=195 195w" sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">£10.00</figcaption></figure> 506 507 508 509<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png"><img data-attachment-id="4386" data-permalink="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/08/12/new-book-knead-to-know-a-history-of-baking-out-12-september-2024/screenshot-of-cover/" data-orig-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png" data-orig-size="478,739" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Screenshot of cover" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png?w=478" width="478" height="739" data-id="4386" src="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png?w=478" alt="" class="wp-image-4386" srcset="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png 478w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png?w=97 97w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/screenshot-of-cover.png?w=194 194w" sizes="(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">£12.99</figcaption></figure> 510 511 512 513<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="3502" data-permalink="https://britishfoodhistory.com/about/before-beeton/" data-orig-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg" data-orig-size="404,602" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Before Beeton" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg?w=404" width="404" height="602" data-id="3502" src="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg?w=404" alt="" class="wp-image-3502" srcset="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg 404w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg?w=101 101w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/before-beeton.jpg?w=201 201w" sizes="(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">£20.00</figcaption></figure> 514 515 516 517<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="2854" data-permalink="https://britishfoodhistory.com/darksugar/" data-orig-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg" data-orig-size="404,612" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="darksugar" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg?w=404" loading="lazy" width="404" height="612" data-id="2854" src="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg?w=404" alt="" class="wp-image-2854" srcset="https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg 404w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg?w=99 99w, https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/darksugar.jpg?w=198 198w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">£16.00 (25% off)</figcaption></figure> 518</figure> 519 520 521 522<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>The Philosophy of Puddings</em> (2024, British Library Publishing): £10.00</h3> 523 524 525 526<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Just what is a pudding? We all have our favourites, whether it is a school-dinner jam roly-poly with custard, or a Yorkshire pud with onion gravy, a Burns’ Night haggis or the Christmas plum pudding. The humble pudding started out as a savoury meal boiled in either animal intestine or in a cloth. With the advent of pudding bowls and moulds the pudding assumed a myriad of identities. Neil Buttery traces the long history of pudding and its importance in British culture and language. He has tried and tested many re
526cipes from across the centuries in his ‘Pud Club’ and shares his extensive knowledge and expertise.</p> 527 528 529 530<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Knead to Know</em> (2024, Icon Books): £12.99</h3> 531 532 533 534<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In Knead to Know: A History of Baking, food historian and chef Neil Buttery takes the listener on a journey exploring the creation, evolution and cultural importance of some of our most beloved baked foods, whether they be fit for a monarch’s table, or served from the bakestone of a lowly farm labourer. This book charts innovations, happy accidents and some of the most downright bizarre baked foods ever created.</p> 535 536 537 538<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Everything has a history, but food history is special because it tells us so much about our culture and society, from the role of bread in the birth of human civilisation to the invention of the wedding cake, the creation of the whisk, or the purpose of the fish heads in a star-gazy pie. Food history encompasses it all.</p> 539 540 541 542<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When we think of the evolution of something, we think every step is an improvement, an incremental elevation toward some peak of perfection. This is not always the case. Sometimes things have to become simpler, knowledge is lost and skills are forgotten. As a baker of historical foods, Neil Buttery demonstrates that forgotten recipes and traditional techniques are often worth trying out (and mentions a few that should perhaps be left in the past).</p> 543 544 545 546<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Before Mrs Beeton: Elizabeth Raffald, England’s Most Influential Housekeeper</em> (2023, Pen & Sword History): £20. Winner Guild Food Writer’s Award 2024, Best Food Book category.</h3> 547 548 549 550<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The great Elizabeth Raffald used to be a household name, and her list of accomplishments would make even the highest of achievers feel suddenly impotent. After becoming housekeeper at Arley Hall in Cheshire at age twenty-five, she married and moved to Manchester, transforming the Manchester food scene and business community, writing the first A to Z directory and creating the first domestic servants registry office, the first temping agency if you will. Not only that, she set up a cookery school and ran a high class tavern attracting both gentry and nobility. She reputedly gave birth to sixteen daughters, wrote book on midwifery and was an effective exorciser of evil spirits. These achievements gave her notoriety and standing in Manchester, but it all pales in comparison to her biggest achievement; her cookery book The Experienced English Housekeeper. Published in 1769, it ran to over twenty editions and brought her fame and fortune. But then disaster; her fortune lost, spent by her alcoholic husband. Bankrupted twice, she spent her final years in a pokey coffeehouse in a seedy part of town. Her book, however, lived on. Influential and often imitated (but never bettered), it became the must-have volume for any kitchen, and it helped form our notion of traditional British food as we think of it today. To tell Elizabeth’s tumultuous rise and fall story, historian Neil Buttery doesn’t just delve into the history of food in the eighteenth century, he has to look at trade and empire, domestic service, the agricultural revolution, women’s rights, publishing and copyright law, gentlemen’s clubs and societies, the horse races, the defeminization of midwifery, and the paranormal, to name but a few. Elizabeth Raffald should be revered, not unknown. How can this be? Perhaps we should ask Mrs Beetonâ¦</p> 551 552 553 554<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><em>A Dark History of Sugar</em> (2022, Pen & Sword History): £16.00 (20% off). Winner Guild of Food Writer’s Awards 2023, Best First Book category.</h3> 555 556 557 558<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A Dark History of Sugar delves into our evolutionary history to explain why sugar is so loved, yet is the root cause of so many bad things. Europeâs colonial past and Britainâs Empire were founded and fuelled on sugar, as was the United States, the greatest superpower on the planet â and they all relied upon slave labour to catalyse it. A Dark History of Sugar focusses upon the role of the slave trade in sugar production and looks beyond it to how the exploitation of the workers didnât end with emancipation. It reveals the sickly truth behind the detrimental impact of sugarâs meteoric popularity on the environment and our health. Advertising companies peddle their sugar-laden wares to children with fun cartoon characters, but the reality is not so sweet. A Dark History of Sugar delves into our long relationship with this sweetest and most ancient of commodities. The book examines the impact of the sugar trade on the economies of Britain and the rest of the world, as well as its influence on health and cultural and social trends over the centuries. Renowned food historian Neil Buttery takes a look at some of the lesser-known elements of the history of sugar, delving into the murky and mysterious aspects of its phenomenal rise from the first cultivation of the sugar cane plant in Papua New Guinean in 8,000 BCE to becoming an integral part of the cultural fabric of life in Britain and the rest of the West â at whatever cost. The dark history of sugar is one of exploitation: of slaves and workers, of the environment and of the consumer. Wars have been fought over it and it is responsible for what is potentially to be the planetâs greatest health crisis. And yet we cannot get enough of it, for sugar and sweetness has cast its spell over us all; it is comfort and we reminisce fondly about the sweets, cakes, puddings and fizzy drinks of our childhoods with dewy-eyed nostalgia. To be sweet means to be good, to be innocent; in this book Neil Buttery argues that sugar is nothing of the sort. Indeed, it is guilty of some of the worst crimes against humanity and the planet.</p> 559<span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span>
559<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-official sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-url="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" data-text="Books" data-via="neilbuttery" data-related="wordpressdotcom">Tweet</a></li><li class="share-facebook"><div class="fb-share-button" data-href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" data-layout="button_count"></div></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-25276452-4507-6ab8b7ea9b44e' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20260927#blog_id=25276452&post_id=4507&origin=britishfoodhistory.wordpress.com&obj_id=25276452-4507-6ab8b7ea9b44e&domain=britishfoodhistory.com' data-name='like-post-frame-25276452-4507-6ab8b7ea9b44e' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> 560 561 </div><!-- #post-## --> 562 563 564<div id="comments"> 565 566 567 568 569</div><!-- #comments --> 570 571 </div><!-- #content --> 572</div><!-- #container --> 573 574 575 <div id="sidebar" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> 576 <ul class="xoxo sidebar-list"> 577 578 <li id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><h3 class="widget-title">Search the blog</h3><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://britishfoodhistory.com/"> 579 <div> 580 <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> 581 <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> 582 <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> 583 </div> 584 </form></li><li id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h3 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Subscribe to the blog</label></h3> 585 586 <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> 587 <form 588 action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" 589 method="post" 590 accept-charset="utf-8" 591 data-blog="25276452" 592 data-post_access_level="everybody" 593 id="subscribe-blog" 594 > 595 <p>Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications by email.</p> 596 <p id="subscribe-email"> 597 <label 598 id="subscribe-field-label" 599 for="subscribe-field" 600 class="screen-reader-text" 601 > 602 Email Address: </label> 603 604 <input 605 type="email" 606 name="email" 607 autocomplete="email" 608 609 style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" 610 placeholder="Email Address" 611 value="" 612 id="subscribe-field" 613 required 614 /> </p> 615 616 <p id="subscribe-submit" 617 > 618 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> 619 <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="25276452"/> 620 <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/"/> 621 <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> 622 <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> 623 <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="c3343978fe" /> <button type="submit" 624 class="wp-block-button__link" 625 > 626 Go on then... </button> 627 </p> 628 </form> 629 <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> 630 Join 3,322 other subscribers </div> 631 </div> 632 633</li><li id="block-8" class="widget widget_block"> 634<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The British Food History Podcast</h4> 635</li><li id="block-7" class="widget widget_block"> 636<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> 637<div class="embed-spotify"><iframe title="Spotify Embed: A Rare Early Modern Cheese Manuscript with Alex Bamji" style="border-radius: 12px" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/5dJzPk1ux4b4o8Q9s2L7m6?si=519e5d97eab94cfc&utm_source=oembed"></iframe></div> 638</div></figure> 639</li><li id="blog-stats-2" class="widget widget_blog-stats"><h3 class="widget-title">Statistics</h3> <ul> 640 <li>2,932,815 hits</li> 641 </ul> 642 </li><li id="top-posts-2" class="widget widget_top-posts"><h3 class="widget-title">Popular now</h3><ul><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/03/14/suet-a-beginners-guide/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Suet - A Beginners' Guide</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/01/23/spotted-dick/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Spotted Dick</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/01/22/eel-pie-and-mash/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Eel, Pie and Mash</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/07/09/favourite-cook-cooks-no-1-the-be-ro-book/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Favourite Cook Books No. 1: The Be-Ro Book</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/04/24/the-gentlemans-relish/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">The Gentleman's Relish</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/04/10/sweetbreads/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Sweetbreads</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/05/23/to-make-a-seed-cake/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">To Make a Seed Cake</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/11/10/to-roast-a-haunch-of-venison/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">To Roast a Haunch of Venison</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/06/06/scones-a-brief-history/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Scones: A Brief History</a></li><li><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/01/13/how-to-make-a-steamed-sponge-pudding-a-step-by-step-guide/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
642How to Make a Steamed Sponge Pudding: a Step-by-Step Guide</a></li></ul></li><li id="wp_tag_cloud-3" class="widget wp_widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widget-title">Popular tags:</h3><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/18th-century/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16961 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="18th century (10 items)">18th century</a> 643<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/alcohol/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16332 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 10.916666666667pt;" aria-label="alcohol (13 items)">alcohol</a> 644<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/almonds/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-172428 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="almonds (7 items)">almonds</a> 645<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/apples/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-182023 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="apples (6 items)">apples</a> 646<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/baking/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9680 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 17.430555555556pt;" aria-label="baking (65 items)">baking</a> 647<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/beef/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18608 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="beef (7 items)">beef</a> 648<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/blog/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-273 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="blog (7 items)">blog</a> 649<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/books-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-20909451 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="books (15 items)">books</a> 650<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/bread/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-22482 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 13.638888888889pt;" aria-label="bread (26 items)">bread</a> 651<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cake/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16204 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="cake (14 items)">cake</a> 652<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cheese/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7630 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="cheese (9 items)">cheese</a> 653<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/chicken/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5178 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="chicken (7 items)">chicken</a> 654<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/christmas/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15607 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 14.513888888889pt;" aria-label="Christmas (32 items)">Christmas</a> 655<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cocktails/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5412 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="cocktails (8 items)">cocktails</a> 656<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/custard/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-180208 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="custard (9 items)">custard</a> 657<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/dairy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8614 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 10.527777777778pt;" aria-label="dairy (12 items)">dairy</a> 658<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/dessert/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8481 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 15.583333333333pt;" aria-label="dessert (42 items)">dessert</a> 659<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/desserts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8544 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="desserts (10 items)">desserts</a> 660<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/drinks/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9313 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 12.375pt;" aria-label="drinks (19 items)">drinks</a> 661<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/easter/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18653 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="Easter (11 items)">Easter</a> 662<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/eggs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-43992 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="eggs (9 items)">eggs</a> 663<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/eighteenth-century/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-475574 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 10.527777777778pt;" aria-label="eighteenth century (12 items)">eighteenth century</a> 664<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/elizabeth-david/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1300404 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="Elizabeth David (7 items)">Elizabeth David</a> 665<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/elizabeth-raffauld/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-123001616 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="Elizabeth Raffauld (10 items)">Elizabeth Raffauld</a> 666<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/events/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-924 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="events (11 items)">events</a> 667<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/festivals-celebrations/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-516915 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 14.222222222222pt;" aria-label="festivals & celebrations (30 items)">festivals & celebrations</a> 668<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/fish/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5995 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="fish (11 items)">fish</a> 669<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-586 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 21.319444444444pt;" aria-label="food (164 items)">food</a> 670<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/foraging/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-83002 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="foraging (8 items)">foraging</a> 671<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/forgotten-foods/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-32385677 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="forgotten foods (10 items)">forgotten foods</a> 672<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/forme-of-cury/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11793789 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="Forme of Cury (7 items)">Forme of Cury</a> 673<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/french-cuisine/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-79302 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="French cuisine (6 items)">French cuisine</a> 674<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/fruit/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8191 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 12.375pt;" aria-label="fruit (19 items)">fruit</a> 675<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/game-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2014144 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="game (10 items)">game</a> 676<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/griddlecakes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-28073925 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="griddlecakes (6 items)">griddlecakes</a> 677<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-678 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="history (195 items)">history</a> 678<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/jane-grigson/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6463403 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="Jane Grigson (20 items)">Jane Grigson</a> 679<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/lamb/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38111 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="lamb (10 items)">lamb</a> 680<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/lent/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-26095 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="Lent (11 items)">Lent</a> 681<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/meat-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-35079234 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 16.652777777778pt;" aria-label="meat (54 items)">meat</a> 682<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/mediaeval/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-227705 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="Mediaeval (20 items)">Mediaeval</a> 683<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/natural-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-91455 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="natural history (8 items)">natural history</a> 684<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/new-year/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-29743 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="new year (6 items)">new year</a> 685<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/nineteenth-century-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-58185775 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="nineteenth century (11 items)">nineteenth century</a> 686<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/offal/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-729168 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 12.763888888889pt;" aria-label="offal (21 items)">offal</a> 687<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pancakes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-163406 tag-link-position-46" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="pancakes (6 items)">pancakes</a> 688<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pie/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-19416 tag-link-position-47" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="pie (6 items)">pie</a> 689<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pies/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38846 tag-link-position-48" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="pies (10 items)">pies</a> 690<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1142 tag-link-position-49" style="font-size: 12.958333333333pt;" aria-label="Podcast (22 items)">Podcast</a> 691<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/podcasts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2060 tag-link-position-50" style="font-size: 16.166666666667pt;" aria-label="podcasts (48 items)">podcasts</a> 692<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/poultry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18669 tag-link-position-51" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="poultry (15 items)">poultry</a> 693<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/premium-content/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-916304 tag-link-position-52" style="font-size: 11.986111111111pt;" aria-label="premium content (17 items)">premium content</a> 694<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/preserves/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-52703 tag-link-position-53" style="font-size: 10.916666666667pt;" aria-label="preserves (13 items)">preserves</a> 695<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/preserving-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37543148 tag-link-position-54" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="preserving (14 items)">preserving</a> 696<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pudding/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-137415 tag-link-position-55" style="font-size: 16.361111111111pt;" aria-label="pudding (50 items)">pudding</a> 697<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/recipe/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8845 tag-link-position-56" style="font-size: 21.027777777778pt;" aria-label="recipe (154 items)">recipe</a> 698<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/regional-cookery/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-17408597 tag-link-position-57" style="font-size: 13.833333333333pt;" aria-label="regional cookery (27 items)">regional cookery</a> 699<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/roast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-109069 tag-link-position-58" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="roast (8 items)">roast</a> 700<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/roasting-meat/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11517430 tag-link-position-59" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="roasting meat (6 items)">roasting meat</a> 701<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/sauce/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50502 tag-link-position-60" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="sauce (10 items)">sauce</a> 702<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/scotland/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-12260 tag-link-position-61" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="Scotland (14 items)">Scotland</a> 703<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/seventeenth-century-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42325561 tag-link-position-62" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="seventeenth century (9 items)">seventeenth century</a> 704<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/soup/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8499 tag-link-position-63" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="soup (15 items)">soup</a> 705<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/stews-and-casseroles/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-997171 tag-link-position-64" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="stews and casseroles (6 items)">stews and casseroles</a> 706<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/stock/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-52860 tag-link-position-65" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="stock (6 items)">stock</a> 707<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/tarts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-408219 tag-link-position-66" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="tarts (6 items)">tarts</a> 708<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/teatime/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-68944 tag-link-position-67" style="font-size: 15.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Teatime (44 items)">Teatime</a> 709<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/the-british-food-history-podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-763537105 tag-link-position-68" style="font-size: 13.833333333333pt;" aria-label="The British Food History Podcast (27 items)">The British Food History Podcast</a> 710<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/the-georgians/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11734310 tag-link-position-69" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="The Georgians (11 items)">The Georgians</a> 711<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/vegetables-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-34984351 tag-link-position-70" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="vegetables (20 items)">vegetables</a> 712<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/vegetarian/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23207 tag-link-position-71" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="vegetarian (9 items)">vegetarian</a> 713<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/victorian-era/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-838890 tag-link-position-72" style="font-size: 14.125pt;" aria-label="Victorian Era (29 items)">Victorian Era</a> 714<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/welsh-food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2394525 tag-link-position-73" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Welsh Food (6 items)">Welsh Food</a> 715<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/whiskey/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-985 tag-link-position-74" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="whisk(e)y (6 items)">whisk(e)y</a> 716<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/yorkshire/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-145257 tag-link-position-75" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="Yorkshire (8 items)">Yorkshire</a></li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3> 717 <ul> 718 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/09/'>September 2026</a></li> 719 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/08/'>August 2026</a></li> 720 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/07/'>July 2026</a></li> 721 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/06/'>June 2026</a></li> 722 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/05/'>May 2026</a></li> 723 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/04/'>April 2026</a></li> 724 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/03/'>March 2026</a></li> 725 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/02/'>February 2026</a></li> 726 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2026/01/'>January 2026</a></li> 727 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/12/'>December 2025</a></li> 728 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/11/'>November 2025</a></li> 729 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/10/'>October 2025</a></li> 730 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/09/'>September 2025</a></li> 731 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/08/'>August 2025</a></li> 732 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/07/'>July 2025</a></li> 733 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/06/'>Ju
733ne 2025</a></li> 734 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/05/'>May 2025</a></li> 735 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/04/'>April 2025</a></li> 736 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/03/'>March 2025</a></li> 737 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/02/'>February 2025</a></li> 738 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2025/01/'>January 2025</a></li> 739 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/12/'>December 2024</a></li> 740 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/11/'>November 2024</a></li> 741 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/10/'>October 2024</a></li> 742 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/09/'>September 2024</a></li> 743 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/08/'>August 2024</a></li> 744 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/07/'>July 2024</a></li> 745 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/06/'>June 2024</a></li> 746 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/05/'>May 2024</a></li> 747 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/04/'>April 2024</a></li> 748 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2024/01/'>January 2024</a></li> 749 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/12/'>December 2023</a></li> 750 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/11/'>November 2023</a></li> 751 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/10/'>October 2023</a></li> 752 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/09/'>September 2023</a></li> 753 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/08/'>August 2023</a></li> 754 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/07/'>July 2023</a></li> 755 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/06/'>June 2023</a></li> 756 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/05/'>May 2023</a></li> 757 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/04/'>April 2023</a></li> 758 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/03/'>March 2023</a></li> 759 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/02/'>February 2023</a></li> 760 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2023/01/'>January 2023</a></li> 761 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/12/'>December 2022</a></li> 762 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/11/'>November 2022</a></li> 763 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/10/'>October 2022</a></li> 764 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/09/'>September 2022</a></li> 765 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/08/'>August 2022</a></li> 766 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/07/'>July 2022</a></li> 767 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/06/'>June 2022</a></li> 768 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/05/'>May 2022</a></li> 769 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/04/'>April 2022</a></li> 770 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/03/'>March 2022</a></li> 771 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2022/01/'>January 2022</a></li> 772 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/12/'>December 2021</a></li> 773 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/11/'>November 2021</a></li> 774 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/10/'>October 2021</a></li> 775 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/09/'>September 2021</a></li> 776 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/08/'>August 2021</a></li> 777 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/07/'>July 2021</a></li> 778 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/06/'>June 2021</a></li> 779 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/05/'>May 2021</a></li> 780 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/04/'>April 2021</a></li> 781 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/03/'>March 2021</a></li> 782 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2021/01/'>January 2021</a></li> 783 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/12/'>December 2020</a></li> 784 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/11/'>November 2020</a></li> 785 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/10/'>October 2020</a></li> 786 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/09/'>September 2020</a></li> 787 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/08/'>August 2020</a></li> 788 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/07/'>July 2020</a></li> 789 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/06/'>June 2020</a></li> 790 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/05/'>May 2020</a></li> 791 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/04/'>April 2020</a></li> 792 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/03/'>March 2020</a></li> 793 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/02/'>February 2020</a></li> 794 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2020/01/'>January 2020</a></li> 795 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/12/'>December 2019</a></li> 796 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/11/'>November 2019</a></li> 797 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/10/'>October 2019</a></li> 798 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/09/'>September 2019</a></li> 799 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/07/'>
799July 2019</a></li> 800 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/06/'>June 2019</a></li> 801 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/05/'>May 2019</a></li> 802 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/04/'>April 2019</a></li> 803 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/03/'>March 2019</a></li> 804 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/02/'>February 2019</a></li> 805 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2019/01/'>January 2019</a></li> 806 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/12/'>December 2018</a></li> 807 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/11/'>November 2018</a></li> 808 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/10/'>October 2018</a></li> 809 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/08/'>August 2018</a></li> 810 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/04/'>April 2018</a></li> 811 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/03/'>March 2018</a></li> 812 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/02/'>February 2018</a></li> 813 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2018/01/'>January 2018</a></li> 814 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2017/11/'>November 2017</a></li> 815 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2017/09/'>September 2017</a></li> 816 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2017/07/'>July 2017</a></li> 817 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2017/04/'>April 2017</a></li> 818 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2017/01/'>January 2017</a></li> 819 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2016/11/'>November 2016</a></li> 820 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2016/10/'>October 2016</a></li> 821 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2016/08/'>August 2016</a></li> 822 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li> 823 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/11/'>November 2015</a></li> 824 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/10/'>October 2015</a></li> 825 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/09/'>September 2015</a></li> 826 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/08/'>August 2015</a></li> 827 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/07/'>July 2015</a></li> 828 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/05/'>May 2015</a></li> 829 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li> 830 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/02/'>February 2015</a></li> 831 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2015/01/'>January 2015</a></li> 832 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/08/'>August 2014</a></li> 833 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/07/'>July 2014</a></li> 834 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/04/'>April 2014</a></li> 835 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/02/'>February 2014</a></li> 836 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2014/01/'>January 2014</a></li> 837 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/12/'>December 2013</a></li> 838 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/11/'>November 2013</a></li> 839 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/10/'>October 2013</a></li> 840 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/09/'>September 2013</a></li> 841 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/08/'>August 2013</a></li> 842 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/07/'>July 2013</a></li> 843 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/05/'>May 2013</a></li> 844 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/04/'>April 2013</a></li> 845 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/03/'>March 2013</a></li> 846 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/02/'>February 2013</a></li> 847 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2013/01/'>January 2013</a></li> 848 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/12/'>December 2012</a></li> 849 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/11/'>November 2012</a></li> 850 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/10/'>October 2012</a></li> 851 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/09/'>September 2012</a></li> 852 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/08/'>August 2012</a></li> 853 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/07/'>July 2012</a></li> 854 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/06/'>June 2012</a></li> 855 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/05/'>May 2012</a></li> 856 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/04/'>April 2012</a></li> 857 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/03/'>March 2012</a></li> 858 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/02/'>February 2012</a></li> 859 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2012/01/'>January 2012</a></li> 860 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/12/'>December 2011</a></li> 861 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/11/'>November 2011</a></li> 862 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/10/'>October 2011</a></li> 863 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/08/'>August 2011</a></li> 864 <li><a href='https://britishfoodhistory.com/2011/07/'>July 2011</a></li> 865 </ul> 866 867 </li><li id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title">Categories</h3> 868 <ul> 869 <li class="cat-item cat-item-9680"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/baking/">baking</a> (88) 870</li> 871 <li class="cat-item cat-item-101444"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/biscuits/">Biscuits</a> (6) 872</li> 873 <li class="cat-item cat-item-460"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/blogs/">Blogs</a> (22) 874</li> 875 <li class="cat-item cat-item-178"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/books/">Books</a> (28) 876</li> 877 <li class="cat-item cat-item-22482"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/bread/">bread</a> (30) 878</li> 879 <li class="cat-item cat-item-21267"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/brewing/">Brewing</a> (4) 880</li> 881 <li class="cat-item cat-item-42606"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/britain/">Britain</a> (223) 882</li> 883 <li class="cat-item cat-item-179"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/business/">business</a> (3) 884</li> 885 <li class="cat-item cat-item-16204"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/cake/">cake</a> (19) 886</li> 887 <li class="cat-item cat-item-15607">
887<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/christmas/">Christmas</a> (29) 888</li> 889 <li class="cat-item cat-item-6096"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/cooking/">cooking</a> (155) 890</li> 891 <li class="cat-item cat-item-34976537"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/dairy-2/">Dairy</a> (15) 892</li> 893 <li class="cat-item cat-item-11387214"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/desserts-2/">Desserts</a> (28) 894</li> 895 <li class="cat-item cat-item-18653"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/easter/">Easter</a> (9) 896</li> 897 <li class="cat-item cat-item-38414749"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/eighteenth-century-2/">Eighteenth Century</a> (23) 898</li> 899 <li class="cat-item cat-item-924"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/events/">events</a> (11) 900</li> 901 <li class="cat-item cat-item-8215"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/festivals/">Festivals</a> (38) 902</li> 903 <li class="cat-item cat-item-586"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/food/">food</a> (287) 904</li> 905 <li class="cat-item cat-item-83002"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/foraging/">foraging</a> (9) 906</li> 907 <li class="cat-item cat-item-11125748"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/french-cookery/">French Cookery</a> (8) 908</li> 909 <li class="cat-item cat-item-9606149"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/fruit-2/">Fruit</a> (17) 910</li> 911 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1221"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/game/">Game</a> (8) 912</li> 913 <li class="cat-item cat-item-54"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/general/">General</a> (229) 914</li> 915 <li class="cat-item cat-item-678"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/history/">history</a> (256) 916</li> 917 <li class="cat-item cat-item-8391"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/indian-food/">Indian food</a> (3) 918</li> 919 <li class="cat-item cat-item-768"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/ireland/">Ireland</a> (4) 920</li> 921 <li class="cat-item cat-item-52015484"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/liebster-award/">Liebster Award</a> (1) 922</li> 923 <li class="cat-item cat-item-8188"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/meat/">Meat</a> (51) 924</li> 925 <li class="cat-item cat-item-47703195"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/mediaeval-age/">Mediaeval Age</a> (17) 926</li> 927 <li class="cat-item cat-item-91455"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/natural-history/">natural history</a> (10) 928</li> 929 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1099"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/nature/">nature</a> (10) 930</li> 931 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1167106"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/nineteenth-century/">Nineteenth Century</a> (19) 932</li> 933 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1142"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/podcast/">Podcast</a> (44) 934</li> 935 <li class="cat-item cat-item-464777"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/preserving/">Preserving</a> (19) 936</li> 937 <li class="cat-item cat-item-88532"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/puddings/">Puddings</a> (53) 938</li> 939 <li class="cat-item cat-item-2832"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/recipes/">Recipes</a> (182) 940</li> 941 <li class="cat-item cat-item-173"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/science/">science</a> (2) 942</li> 943 <li class="cat-item cat-item-12260"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/scotland/">Scotland</a> (10) 944</li> 945 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1415143"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/seventeenth-century/">Seventeenth Century</a> (12) 946</li> 947 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1422517"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/sixteenth-century/">Sixteenth Century</a> (4) 948</li> 949 <li class="cat-item cat-item-8542"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/soups/">Soups</a> (11) 950</li> 951 <li class="cat-item cat-item-68944"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/teatime/">Teatime</a> (37) 952</li> 953 <li class="cat-item cat-item-4015588"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/the-buttery/">The Buttery</a> (1) 954</li> 955 <li class="cat-item cat-item-37371454"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/the-edwardians/">The Edwardians</a> (6) 956</li> 957 <li class="cat-item cat-item-763434"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/the-royals/">The Royals</a> (4) 958</li> 959 <li class="cat-item cat-item-18178035"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/the-victorians/">The Victorians</a> (34) 960</li> 961 <li class="cat-item cat-item-197225"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/twentieth-century/">Twentieth Century</a> (9) 962</li> 963 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (182) 964</li> 965 <li class="cat-item cat-item-8190"><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/category/vegetables/">Vegetables</a> (12) 966</li> 967 </ul> 968 969 </li><li id="wp_tag_cloud-2" class="widget wp_widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widget-title"></h3><a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/18th-century/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16961 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="18th century (10 items)">18th century</a> 970<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/alcohol/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16332 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 10.916666666667pt;" aria-label="alcohol (13 items)">alcohol</a> 971<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/almonds/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-172428 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="almonds (7 items)">almonds</a> 972<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/apples/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-182023 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="apples (6 items)">apples</a> 973<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/baking/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9680 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 17.430555555556pt;" aria-label="baking (65 items)">baking</a> 974<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/beef/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18608 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="beef (7 items)">beef</a> 975<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/blog/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-273 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="blog (7 items)">blog</a> 976<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/books-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-20909451 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="books (15 items)">books</a> 977<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/bread/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-22482 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 13.638888888889pt;" aria-label="bread (26 items)">bread</a> 978<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cake/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-16204 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="cake (14 items)">cake</a> 979<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cheese/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7630 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="cheese (9 items)">cheese</a> 980<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/chicken/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5178 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="chicken (7 items)">chicken</a> 981<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/christmas/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15607 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 14.513888888889pt;" aria-label="Christmas (32 items)">Christmas</a> 982<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/cocktails/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5412 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="cocktails (8 items)">cocktails</a> 983<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/custard/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-180208 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="custard (9 items)">custard</a> 984<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/dairy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8614 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 10.527777777778pt;" aria-label="dairy (12 items)">dairy</a> 985<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/dessert/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8481 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 15.583333333333pt;" aria-label="dessert (42 items)">dessert</a> 986<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/desserts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8544 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="desserts (10 items)">desserts</a> 987<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/drinks/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9313 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 12.375pt;" aria-label="drinks (19 items)">drinks</a> 988<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/easter/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18653 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="Easter (11 items)">Easter</a> 989<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/eggs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-43992 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="eggs (9 items)">eggs</a> 990<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/eighteenth-century/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-475574 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 10.527777777778pt;" aria-label="eighteenth century (12 items)">eighteenth century</a> 991<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/elizabeth-david/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1300404 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="Elizabeth David (7 items)">Elizabeth David</a> 992<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/elizabeth-raffauld/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-123001616 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="Elizabeth Raffauld (10 items)">Elizabeth Raffauld</a> 993<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/events/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-924 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="events (11 items)">events</a> 994<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/festivals-celebrations/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-516915 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 14.222222222222pt;" aria-label="festivals & celebrations (30 items)">festivals & celebrations</a> 995<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/fish/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5995 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="fish (11 items)">fish</a> 996<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-586 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 21.319444444444pt;" aria-label="food (164 items)">food</a> 997<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/foraging/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-83002 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="foraging (8 items)">foraging</a> 998<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/forgotten-foods/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-32385677 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="forgotten foods (10 items)">forgotten foods</a> 999<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/forme-of-cury/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11793789 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 8.4861111111111pt;" aria-label="Forme of Cury (7 items)">Forme of Cury</a> 1000<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/french-cuisine/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-79302 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="French cuisine (6 items)">French cuisine</a> 1001<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/fruit/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8191 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 12.375pt;" aria-label="fruit (19 items)">fruit</a> 1002<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/game-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2014144 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="game (10 items)">game</a> 1003<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/griddlecakes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-28073925 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="griddlecakes (6 items)">griddlecakes</a> 1004<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-678 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="history (195 items)">history</a> 1005<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/jane-grigson/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6463403 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="Jane Grigson (20 items)">Jane Grigson</a> 1006<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/lamb/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38111 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="lamb (10 items)">lamb</a> 1007<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/lent/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-26095 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="Lent (11 items)">Lent</a> 1008<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/meat-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-35079234 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 16.652777777778pt;" aria-label="meat (54 items)">meat</a> 1009<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/mediaeval/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-227705 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="Mediaeval (20 items)">Mediaeval</a> 1010<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/natural-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-91455 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="natural history (8 items)">natural history</a> 1011<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/new-year/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-29743 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="new year (6 items)">new year</a> 1012<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/nineteenth-century-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-58185775 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="nineteenth century (11 items)">nineteenth century</a> 1013<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/offal/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-729168 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 12.763888888889pt;" aria-label="offal (21 items)">offal</a> 1014<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pancakes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-163406 tag-link-position-46" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="pancakes (6 items)">pancakes</a> 1015<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pie/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-19416 tag-link-position-47" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="pie (6 items)">pie</a> 1016<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pies/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-38846 tag-link-position-48" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="pies (10 items)">pies</a> 1017<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1142 tag-link-position-49" style="font-size: 12.958333333333pt;" aria-label="Podcast (22 items)">Podcast</a> 1018<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/podcasts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2060 tag-link-position-50" style="font-size: 16.166666666667pt;" aria-label="podcasts (48 items)">podcasts</a> 1019<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/poultry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18669 tag-link-position-51" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="poultry (15 items)">poultry</a> 1020<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/premium-content/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-916304 tag-link-position-52" style="font-size: 11.986111111111pt;" aria-label="premium content (17 items)">premium content</a> 1021<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/preserves/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-52703 tag-link-position-53" style="font-size: 10.916666666667pt;" aria-label="preserves (13 items)">preserves</a> 1022<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/preserving-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37543148 tag-link-position-54" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="preserving (14 items)">preserving</a> 1023<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/pudding/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-137415 tag-link-position-55" style="font-size: 16.361111111111pt;" aria-label="pudding (50 items)">pudding</a> 1024<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/recipe/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8845 tag-link-position-56" style="font-size: 21.027777777778pt;" aria-label="recipe (154 items)">recipe</a> 1025<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/regional-cookery/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-17408597 tag-link-position-57" style="font-size: 13.833333333333pt;" aria-label="regional cookery (27 items)">regional cookery</a> 1026<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/roast/" class="tag-clou
1026d-link tag-link-109069 tag-link-position-58" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="roast (8 items)">roast</a> 1027<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/roasting-meat/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11517430 tag-link-position-59" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="roasting meat (6 items)">roasting meat</a> 1028<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/sauce/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50502 tag-link-position-60" style="font-size: 9.8472222222222pt;" aria-label="sauce (10 items)">sauce</a> 1029<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/scotland/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-12260 tag-link-position-61" style="font-size: 11.208333333333pt;" aria-label="Scotland (14 items)">Scotland</a> 1030<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/seventeenth-century-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42325561 tag-link-position-62" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="seventeenth century (9 items)">seventeenth century</a> 1031<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/soup/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8499 tag-link-position-63" style="font-size: 11.402777777778pt;" aria-label="soup (15 items)">soup</a> 1032<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/stews-and-casseroles/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-997171 tag-link-position-64" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="stews and casseroles (6 items)">stews and casseroles</a> 1033<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/stock/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-52860 tag-link-position-65" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="stock (6 items)">stock</a> 1034<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/tarts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-408219 tag-link-position-66" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="tarts (6 items)">tarts</a> 1035<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/teatime/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-68944 tag-link-position-67" style="font-size: 15.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Teatime (44 items)">Teatime</a> 1036<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/the-british-food-history-podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-763537105 tag-link-position-68" style="font-size: 13.833333333333pt;" aria-label="The British Food History Podcast (27 items)">The British Food History Podcast</a> 1037<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/the-georgians/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-11734310 tag-link-position-69" style="font-size: 10.236111111111pt;" aria-label="The Georgians (11 items)">The Georgians</a> 1038<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/vegetables-2/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-34984351 tag-link-position-70" style="font-size: 12.569444444444pt;" aria-label="vegetables (20 items)">vegetables</a> 1039<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/vegetarian/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23207 tag-link-position-71" style="font-size: 9.4583333333333pt;" aria-label="vegetarian (9 items)">vegetarian</a> 1040<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/victorian-era/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-838890 tag-link-position-72" style="font-size: 14.125pt;" aria-label="Victorian Era (29 items)">Victorian Era</a> 1041<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/welsh-food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2394525 tag-link-position-73" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Welsh Food (6 items)">Welsh Food</a> 1042<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/whiskey/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-985 tag-link-position-74" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="whisk(e)y (6 items)">whisk(e)y</a> 1043<a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/tag/yorkshire/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-145257 tag-link-position-75" style="font-size: 8.9722222222222pt;" aria-label="Yorkshire (8 items)">Yorkshire</a></li><li id="block-3" class="widget widget_block"> 1044<pre class="wp-block-code"><code></code></pre> 1045</li> </ul> 1046 </div><!-- #sidebar .widget-area --> 1047 1048 1049 </div><!-- #content-box --> 1050 1051 <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> 1052 <div id="colophon"> 1053 1054 1055 <div id="site-info"> 1056 <a href="https://britishfoodhistory.com/" title="British Food: A History" rel="home">British Food: A History</a> · British food in all its glory. This is also the sister-blog to my other project, Neil Cooks Grigson </div><!-- #site-info --> 1057 1058 <div id="site-generator"> 1059 <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_custom_svg" title="Create a website or blog at WordPress.com" rel="nofollow"><svg style="fill: currentColor; position: relative; top: 1px;" width="14px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 14 15" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-labelledby="title" role="img">
1060 <desc id="title">Create a website or blog at WordPress.com</desc> 1061 <path d="M12.5225848,4.97949746 C13.0138466,5.87586309 13.2934037,6.90452431 13.2934037,7.99874074 C13.2934037,10.3205803 12.0351007,12.3476807 10.1640538,13.4385638 L12.0862862,7.88081544 C12.4453251,6.98296834 12.5648813,6.26504621 12.5648813,5.62667922 C12.5648813,5.39497674 12.549622,5.17994084 12.5225848,4.97949746 L12.5225848,4.97949746 Z M7.86730089,5.04801561 C8.24619178,5.02808979 8.58760099,4.98823815 8.58760099,4.98823815 C8.9267139,4.94809022 8.88671369,4.44972248 8.54745263,4.46957423 C8.54745263,4.46957423 7.52803983,4.54957381 6.86996227,4.54957381 C6.25158863,4.54957381 5.21247202,4.46957423 5.21247202,4.46957423 C4.87306282,4.44972248 4.83328483,4.96816418 5.17254589,4.98823815 C5.17254589,4.98823815 5.49358462,5.02808979 5.83269753,5.04801561 L6.81314716,7.73459399 L5.43565839,11.8651647 L3.14394256,5.04801561 C3.52312975,5.02808979 3.86416859,4.98823815 3.86416859,4.98823815 C4.20305928,4.94809022 4.16305906,4.44972248 3.82394616,4.46957423 C3.82394616,4.46957423 2.80475558,4.54957381 2.14660395,4.54957381 C2.02852925,4.54957381 1.88934333,4.54668493 1.74156477,4.54194422 C2.86690406,2.83350881 4.80113651,1.70529256 6.99996296,1.70529256 C8.638342,1.70529256 10.1302017,2.33173369 11.2498373,3.35765419 C11.222726,3.35602457 11.1962815,3.35261718 11.1683554,3.35261718 C10.5501299,3.35261718 10.1114609,3.89113285 10.1114609,4.46957423 C10.1114609,4.98823815 10.4107217,5.42705065 10.7296864,5.94564049 C10.969021,6.36482346 11.248578,6.90326506 11.248578,7.68133501 C11.248578,8.21992476 11.0413918,8.84503256 10.7696866,9.71584277 L10.1417574,11.8132391 L7.86730089,5.04801561 Z M6.99996296,14.2927074 C6.38218192,14.2927074 5.78595654,14.2021153 5.22195356,14.0362644 L7.11048207,8.54925635 L9.04486267,13.8491542 C9.05760348,13.8802652 9.07323319,13.9089317 9.08989995,13.9358945 C8.43574834,14.1661896 7.73285573,14.2927074 6.99996296,14.2927074 L6.99996296,14.2927074 Z M0.706448182,7.99874074 C0.706448182,7.08630113 0.902152921,6.22015756 1.25141403,5.43749503 L4.25357806,13.6627848 C2.15393732,12.6427902 0.706448182,10.4898387 0.706448182,7.99874074 L0.706448182,7.99874074 Z M6.99996296,0.999 C3.14016476,0.999 0,4.13905746 0,7.99874074 C0,11.8585722 3.14016476,14.999 6.99996296,14.999 C10.8596871,14.999 14,11.8585722 14,7.99874074 C14,4.13905746 10.8596871,0.999 6.99996296,0.999 L6.99996296,0.999 Z" id="wordpress-logo-simplified-cmyk" stroke="none" fill=âcurrentColorâ fill-rule="evenodd"></path> 1062 </svg></a> </div><!-- #site-generator --> 1063 1064 </div><!-- #colophon --> 1065 </div><!-- #footer --> 1066 </div><!-- #page .blog --> 1067</div><!-- #container --> 1068 1069<!-- -->
1070<script type="speculationrules"> 1071{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/files/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/pilcrow/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 1072</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1072
1072
1073<script id="grofiles-cards-js" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202639d1133547e8a1f2801609f51cef12522abe7f6647d869e9fbc974fe356a37e613"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1073
1073
1074<script id="wpgroho-js-extra"> 1075var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; 1076//# sourceURL=wpgroho-js-extra 1077</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1077
1077
1078<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script>
1078 1079 1080
1080<script> 1081 // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars 1082 ( function() { 1083 function init() { 1084 if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { 1085 return; 1086 } 1087 1088 if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { 1089 return; 1090 } 1091 1092 Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { 1093 WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); 1094 }; 1095 1096 Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; 1097 Gravatar.init( 1098 'body', 1099 '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', 1100 { 1101 i18n: { 1102 'Edit your profile â': 'Edit your profile â', 1103 'View profile â': 'View profile â', 1104 'Contact': 'Contact', 1105 'Send money': 'Send money', 1106 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 1107 'Gravatar not found.': 'Gravatar not found.', 1108 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 1109 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', 1110 'Is this you?': 'Is this you?', 1111 'Claim your free profile.': 'Claim your free profile.', 1112 'Email': 'Email', 1113 'Home Phone': 'Home Phone', 1114 'Work Phone': 'Work Phone', 1115 'Cell Phone': 'Cell Phone', 1116 'Contact Form': 'Contact Form', 1117 'Calendar': 'Calendar', 1118 }, 1119 } 1120 ); 1121 } 1122 1123 if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { 1124 init(); 1125 } else { 1126 document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); 1127 } 1128 } )(); 1129 </script>
1129 1130 1131 <div style="display:none"> 1132 </div> 1133 <!-- CCPA [start] --> 1134
1134<script type="text/javascript"> 1135 ( function () { 1136 1137 var setupPrivacy = function() { 1138 1139 // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library 1140 // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework 1141 var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; 1142 1143 // Implement IAB USP API. 1144 window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { 1145 1146 // Validate callback. 1147 if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { 1148 return; 1149 } 1150 1151 // Validate the given command. 1152 if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { 1153 callback( null, false ); 1154 return; 1155 } 1156 1157 // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. 1158 if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { 1159 callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); 1160 return; 1161 } 1162
1163 // Check for cookie. 1164 var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); 1165 1166 // Invalid cookie. 1167 if ( null === consent ) { 1168 callback( null, false ); 1169 return; 1170 } 1171 1172 // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. 1173 callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); 1174 }; 1175 1176 // Initialization. 1177 document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { 1178 1179 // Internal functions. 1180 var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { 1181 var value = '1YNN'; 1182 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1183 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1184 }; 1185 1186 var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { 1187 var value = '1YYN'; 1188 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1189 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1190 }; 1191 1192 var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { 1193 var value = '1---'; 1194 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1195 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1196 }; 1197 1198 var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { 1199 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1200 cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1201 } 1202 1203 var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { 1204 if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { 1205 return window.doNotSellCallback(); 1206 } 1207 1208 return false; 1209 } 1210 1211 // Look for usprivacy cookie first. 1212 var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); 1213 1214 // Found a usprivacy cookie. 1215 if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { 1216 1217 // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. 1218 if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { 1219 return; 1220 } 1221 1222 // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. 1223 maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); 1224 1225 // We're all done, no more processing needed. 1226 return; 1227 } 1228 1229 // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. 1230 var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); 1231 1232 // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. 1233 // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, 1234 // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. 1235 if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { 1236 1237 var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); 1238 request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); 1239 1240 request.onreadystatechange = function () { 1241 if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { 1242 if ( 200 === this.status ) { 1243 1244 // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. 1245 var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); 1246 var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; 1247 var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; 1248 // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. 1249 setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); 1250 1251 // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. 1252 if ( ccpa_applies ) { 1253 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1254 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1255 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1256 } else { 1257 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1258 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1259 } 1260 } else { 1261 // CCPA does not apply. 1262 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1263 } 1264 } else { 1265 // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. 1266 setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); 1267 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1268 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1269 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1270 } else { 1271 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1272 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1273 } 1274 } 1275 } 1276 }; 1277 1278 // Send the geo request. 1279 request.send(); 1280 } else { 1281 // We found a CCPA applies cookie. 1282 if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { 1283 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1284 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1285 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1286 } else { 1287 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1288 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1289 } 1290 } else { 1291 // CCPA does not apply. 1292 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1293 } 1294 } 1295 } ); 1296 }; 1297 1298 // Kickoff initialization. 1299 if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { 1300 defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); 1301 } else { 1302 setupPrivacy(); 1303 } 1304 1305 } )(); 1306 </script>
1306 1307 1308 <!-- CCPA [end] --> 1309 <div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget"> 1310<div 1311 class="hide-on-button ads-active" 1312 data-hide-timeout="30" 1313 data-consent-expiration="180" 1314 id="eu-cookie-law" 1315 style="display: none" 1316> 1317 <form method="post"> 1318 <input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" /> 1319 1320 Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br /> 1321To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: 1322 <a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow"> 1323 Cookie Policy </a> 1324 </form> 1325</div> 1326</div> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" 1327 class="actnbr-pub-pilcrow" role="region" aria-label="Site actions"> 1328 <span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span> 1329 <ul> 1330 <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> 1331 <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href="" role="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false"> 1332 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-bell" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 11.5c0 1.353.17 2.368.976 3 .266.209.602.376 1.024.5v1H5v-1c.422-.124.757-.291 1.024-.5.806-.632.976-1.647.976-3V9c0-2.8 2.2-5 5-5s5 2.2 5 5v2.5ZM15.5 9v2.5c0 .93.066 1.98.515 2.897l.053.103H7.932a4.018 4.018 0 0 0 .053-.103c.449-.917.515-1.967.515-2.897V9c0-1.972 1.528-3.5 3.5-3.5s3.5 1.528 3.5 3.5Zm-5.492 9.008c0-.176.023-.346.065-.508h3.854A1.996 1.996 0 0 1 12 20c-1.1 0-1.992-.892-1.992-1.992Z"/></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> 1333 </a> 1334 <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href="" role="button"> 1335 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> 1336 </a> 1337 <div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Subscribe to British Food: A History"> 1338 <div class="actnbr-follow-bubble"> 1339 <div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">British Food: A History</span></a></div> <div class="actnbr-panel__group"> 1340 <div class="actnbr-message no-display" aria-live="polite"></div> 1341 <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" class="no-display"> 1342 <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 3,322 other subscribers</div> 1343 <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Want updates? Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Email address" /> 1344 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> 1345 <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="25276452" /> 1346 <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" /> 1347 <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> 1348 <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="c3343978fe" /> <button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Sign me up</button> 1349 </form> 1350 <p class="actnbr-login-nudge"> 1351 Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbritishfoodhistory.com%252Fbooks%252F">Log in now.</a> </p> 1352 </div> 1353 </div> 1354 </div> 1355 </li> 1356 <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> 1357 <button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More options"> 1358 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-more-horizontal" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M11 13h2v-2h-2v2zm-6 0h2v-2H5v2zm12-2v2h2v-2h-2z"/></svg> </button> 1359 <div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Site options"> 1360 <div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://britishfoodhistory.com"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/ffbdce96d38faed39eedf71f593680a63bc38fdb4785f7cfd7a021cf1cceb0ed?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs-ssl.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">British Food: A History</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-shortlink" href="https://wp.me/P1I3yI-1aH"><span class="actnbr-menu__label actnbr-shortlink__text">Copy shortlink</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-copy" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 4.5h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5ZM3 5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5Zm17 3v10.75c0 .69-.56 1.25-1.25 1.25H6v1.5h12.75a2.75 2.75 0 0 0 2.75-2.75V8H20Z"/></svg></span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon-copied"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg></span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/25276452/posts/4507"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">View post in Reader</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Manage subscriptions</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Sign up</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbritishfoodhistory.com%252Fbooks%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Log in</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://britishfoodhistory.com/books/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Report this content</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-fold" href=""><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Collapse this bar</span></a></div> </div> 1361 </li> 1362 </ul> 1363 </div> 1364
1364<script> 1365window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function () { 1366 var link = document.createElement( "link" ); 1367 link.href = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.css?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983"; 1368 link.rel = "stylesheet"; 1369 document.head.appendChild( link ); 1370 1371 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 1372 script.src = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.js?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983"; 1373 document.body.appendChild( script ); 1374 } ); 1375</script>
1375 1376<link rel="prefetch" href="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/blocks/swiper.js" as="script" /> 1377 <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay" style="display: none;"> 1378 <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> 1379 <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span> 1380 </div> 1381 </div> 1382 <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> 1383 1384 <div class="jp-carousel-container"> 1385 <!-- The Carousel Swiper --> 1386 <div 1387 class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" 1388 itemscope 1389 itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> 1390 <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> 1391 <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> 1392 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1393 <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> 1394 <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> 1395 </mask> 1396 <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> 1397 <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1398 </g> 1399 </svg> 1400 </div> 1401 <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> 1402 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1403 <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> 1404 <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> 1405 </mask> 1406 <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> 1407 <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1408 </g> 1409 </svg> 1410 </div> 1411 </div> 1412 <!-- The main close buton --> 1413 <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> 1414 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1415 <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> 1416 <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> 1417 </mask> 1418 <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> 1419 <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1420 </g> 1421 </svg> 1422 </div> 1423 <!-- Image info, comments and meta --> 1424 <div class="jp-carousel-info"> 1425 <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> 1426 <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> 1427 <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> 1428 <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> 1429 </div> 1430 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> 1431 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></div> 1432 </div> 1433 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> 1434 <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> 1435 <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> 1436 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1437 <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> 1438 <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> 1439 </mask> 1440 <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> 1441 <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1442 </g> 1443 </svg> 1444 </span> 1445 </a> 1446 <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> 1447 <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> 1448 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1449 <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> 1450 <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> 1451 </mask> 1452 <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> 1453 <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1454 </g> 1455 </svg> 1456 1457 <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> 1458 </span> 1459 </a> 1460 </div>
1461 </div> 1462 <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> 1463 <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> 1464 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> 1465 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></div> 1466 </div> 1467 <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> 1468 <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> 1469 <span>Loading Comments...</span> 1470 </div> 1471 <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> 1472 <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> 1473 <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span> 1474 <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> 1475 <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> 1476 <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> 1477 <textarea 1478 name="comment" 1479 class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" 1480 id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" 1481 placeholder="Write a Comment..." 1482 ></textarea> 1483 <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> 1484 <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> 1485 <fieldset> 1486 <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> 1487 <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> 1488 </fieldset> 1489 <fieldset> 1490 <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> 1491 <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> 1492 </fieldset> 1493 <fieldset> 1494 <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> 1495 <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> 1496 </fieldset> 1497 </div> 1498 <input 1499 type="submit" 1500 name="submit" 1501 class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" 1502 id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" 1503 value="Post Comment" /> 1504 </div> 1505 </form> 1506 </div> 1507 </div> 1508 <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> 1509 <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> 1510 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> 1511 <div class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></div> 1512 </div> 1513 1514 <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> 1515 </div> 1516 <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" aria-label="Download image" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> 1517 <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 1518 <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> 1519 <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> 1520 </mask> 1521 <g mask="url(#mask0)"> 1522 <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> 1523 </g> 1524 </svg> 1525 <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> 1526 </a> 1527 <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> 1528 </div> 1529 </div>
1530 </div> 1531 </div> 1532 </div> 1533 1534 </div> 1535
1535<script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script>
1535 1536 <div id="fb-root"></div> 1537
1537<script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&appId=249643311490&version=v2.3'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
1537 1538
1538<script> 1539 document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { 1540 if ( 'undefined' !== typeof FB ) { 1541 FB.XFBML.parse(); 1542 } 1543 } ); 1544 </script>
1544 1545 1546
1546<script type="text/javascript"> 1547 (function () { 1548 var wpcom_reblog = { 1549 source: 'toolbar', 1550 1551 toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { 1552 1553 // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. 1554 const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; 1555 1556 // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the 1557 // post permalink in the editor. 1558 const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; 1559 1560 const url = 1561 postEndpoint + 1562 '?url=' + 1563 encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + 1564 '&is_post_share=true' + 1565 '&v=5'; 1566 1567 const redirect = function () { 1568 if ( 1569 ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) 1570 ) { 1571 location.href = url; 1572 } 1573 }; 1574 1575 if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { 1576 setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); 1577 } else { 1578 redirect(); 1579 } 1580 }, 1581 }; 1582 1583 window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; 1584 })(); 1585 </script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1585
1585
1586<script id="comment-like-js-extra"> 1587var comment_like_text = {"loading":"Loading...","swipeUrl":"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/comment-likes/js/lib/swipe.js?m=1382645497i&ver=20131008"}; 1588//# sourceURL=comment-like-js-extra 1589</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1589
1589
1590<script id="coblocks-loader-js-extra"> 1591var wpcom_coblocks_js = {"coblocks_masonry_js":"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/js/coblocks-masonry.min.js?m=1681832297i","coblocks_lightbox_js":"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/js/coblocks-lightbox.min.js?m=1681832297i","jquery_core_js":"/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js","jquery_migrate_js":"/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js","masonry_js":"/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js","imagesloaded_js":"/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js"}; 1592var coblocksLigthboxData = {"closeLabel":"Close Gallery","leftLabel":"Previous","rightLabel":"Next"}; 1593//# sourceURL=coblocks-loader-js-extra 1594</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1594
1594
1595<script id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> 1596var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/blocks/swiper.js"}; 1597var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https://britishfoodhistory.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"635e1c0787","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size \u003Cspan class=\"photo-size\"\u003E{0}\u003Cspan class=\"photo-size-times\"\u003E\u00d7\u003C/span\u003E{1}\u003C/span\u003E","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https://britishfoodhistory.wordpress.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishfoodhistory.com%2Fbooks%2F","blog_id":"25276452","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=25276452&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=britishfoodhistory","is_public":"1"}; 1598//# sourceURL=jetpack-carousel-js-extra 1599</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1599
1599
1600<script id="sharing-js-js-extra"> 1601var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; 1602//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-extra 1603</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1603
1603
1604<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/_static/??-eJydkd1OwzAMhV+I1O1WaXCBeBTkJVaX1PkhTlbx9kR0Y6gXReIuPv7O0bECS1I6hkKhwJnjpBLXyQaBJWaDRpRmFCEB1yQsrK6HzskT/LL5+jBZM1ERoNq2cbakGBco5BNjoY2+k8N2bvRHpUoXDIYp78A6et8ktZrcRtgaH652rp4FDt3w3A1KbCtJKtO1G8FYKWvSCimOaFoJb8NOEUcloZ5vM0gN8G6DhnO1bEBjjlWIf7C78EfqHVNLaodtxn+3kQtmah9sPr+fNky3Gm/+dTi99P2pP46j+wIzq8oU'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1604
1604
1605<script id="sharing-js-js-after"> 1606window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 1607window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "facebook" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400"; 1608//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-after 1609</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1609
1609
1610<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 1611{"baseUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1783090810i&ver=7.1.1-alpha-63587"}} 1612</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1612
1612
1613<script type="module"> 1614/*! This file is auto-generated */ 1615var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))}); 1616//# sourceURL=/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js 1617</script>
1617 1618 <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20260927#ver=20260927' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> 1619 <div id='likes-other-gravatars' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> 1620
1620<script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?69" defer></script>
1620
1620<script type="text/javascript"> 1621_tkq = window._tkq || []; 1622_stq = window._stq || []; 1623_tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'25276452','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); 1624 // Prevent sending pageview tracking from WP-Admin pages. 1625 _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'25276452','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'4507','subd':'britishfoodhistory'}]); 1626 _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'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'}]); 1627_stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '25276452', '4507' ]); 1628</script>
1628 1629<noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> 1630<meta id="bilmur" property="bilmur:data" content="" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT-0" data-custom-props="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/pilcrow","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" > 1631
1631<script defer src="/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?i=19&m=202639"></script>
1631 </body> 1632</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.