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https://morethanadodo.com/category/life-collections/

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1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8">
5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
7<link rel="pingback" href="https://morethanadodo.com/xmlrpc.php">
8
9<title>Life Collections &#8211; More Than A Dodo</title>
10<script type="text/javascript">
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12  (function() {
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45// Watch for messages back from the remote login
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108			// Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob
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149// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load
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157		+ "?wpcom_remote_login=key"
158		+ "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9tb3JldGhhbmFkb2RvLmNvbQ%3D%3D"
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166<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
167<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="More Than A Dodo &raquo; Feed" href="https://morethanadodo.com/feed/" />
168<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="More Than A Dodo &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://morethanadodo.com/comments/feed/" />
169<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="More Than A Dodo &raquo; Life Collections Category Feed" href="https://morethanadodo.com/category/life-collections/feed/" />
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227cursor:zoom-out;height:100vh;left:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:100000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:inherit;gap:8px;justify-content:center;line-height:1;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0 4px;position:absolute;right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px);top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top) + 16px);z-index:5000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-button:has(.wp-lightbox-close-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-close-icon svg{height:1em;width:1em}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-close-icon svg{display:block}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{align-items:center;bottom:16px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:inherit;gap:4px;justify-content:center;line-height:1;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0 8px;position:absolute;z-index:2000002}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next[hidden],.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev[hidden]{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{bottom:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background),.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none;padding:0 8px}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next:has(.wp-lightbox-navigation-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg,.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev:has(.wp-lightbox-navigation-text:not([hidden])) .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg{display:block;height:1.5em;width:1.5em}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-prev{left:calc(env(safe-area-inset-left) + 16px)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-button-next{right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-lightbox-navigation-icon svg{vertical-align:middle}.wp-lightbox-overlay .lightbox-image-container{height:var(--wp--lightbox-container-height);left:50%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform-origin:top left;width:var(--wp--lightbox-container-width);z-index:2000001}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;margin:0;position:relative;transform-origin:0 0;width:100%;z-index:3000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image img{height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width);width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image figcaption{display:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay button{background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .scrim{background-color:#fff;height:100%;opacity:.9;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:2000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{visibility:visible}@media not (prefers-reduced-motion){.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{animation:turn-on-visibility .25s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active img{animation:turn-on-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:turn-off-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active) img{animation:turn-off-visibility .25s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active{animation:none;opacity:1;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-in .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .scrim{animation:turn-on-visibility .4s forwards}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-out .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .scrim{animation:turn-off-visibility .4s forwards}}
227@keyframes show-content-image{0%{visibility:hidden}99%{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}}
228/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/image/style.min.css */
229</style>
230<style id="wp-block-image-theme-inline-css">
231:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}
232/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/image/theme.min.css */
233</style>
234<style id="wp-block-paragraph-inline-css">
235.is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:var(--wp--style--block-background-padding,1.25em 2.375em)}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg}
236/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/paragraph/style.min.css */
237</style>
238<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css-extra">
239.has-text-align-justify {
240	text-align:justify;
241}
242.has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;}
243/*# sourceURL=wp-block-library-inline-css */
244</style>
245
246<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
247.wp-block-button__link{background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-size:1.125em;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff}.wp-block-accordion-heading{margin:0}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle{background-color:inherit!important;color:inherit!important}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus,.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:hover{background-color:inherit!important;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;padding:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20,1em) 0;text-decoration:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-text-color){color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-background){background-color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:focus,.wp-block-tab:hover{text-decoration:none}.wp-block-tab:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0}
248/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/classic.min.css */
249</style>
250
251<style id="coblocks-inline-format-inline-css">
252.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}
253/*# sourceURL=coblocks-inline-format-inline-css */
254</style>
255<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='/_static/??-eJx9jEEOAiEQBD/kQECjeDC+ZWEnijIwYWA3/l72op689KFTVXplCCU3zE1z6reYRYfiUwlP0VYZpwxIJE4IFRd10HOU9iFA2iuhCiI7/ROiDt9WxfETT20jCOc4YUIa2D9t5eGA91xRBMZS7ATtPkTZvCtdzNEZt7f2fHq8Afl7R7w=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' />
256<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
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285<meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />
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289<meta property="og:title" content="Life Collections &#8211; More Than A Dodo" />
290<meta property="og:url" content="https://morethanadodo.com/category/life-collections/" />
291<meta property="og:site_name" content="More Than A Dodo" />
292<meta property="og:image" content="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-logo_cmykblue_frutiger.png?w=200" />
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298<meta name="twitter:site" content="@morethanadodo" />
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302<link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://morethanadodo.com/' />
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305<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
306<meta name="description" content="Posts about Life Collections written by More than a Dodo and More Than a Dodo" />
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353mark,
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369					input[type="submit"],
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397hr,
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423					#main input[type="email"]:focus,
424					#main input[type="url"]:focus,
425					#main input[type="password"]:focus,
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427#site-navigation ul ul a { color: #30393F;}
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429					.search-toggle,
430					.entry-content a.button,
431					.site-footer.custom #promo a { background: #fcd00a;}
432span.color,
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514			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/">
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519			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-07-15T13:28:46+01:00">15 July 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-07-27T12:33:31+01:00">27 July 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/oumcommscoordinator/">More than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/#comments">3 Comments</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
520				
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524		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/" rel="bookmark">The Beginning of the End: Do locusts still spell danger for&nbsp;humanity?</a></h2>
525		
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530<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Ella McKelvey</strong>, Web Content and Communications Officer</p>
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538<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A few days ago, I was working from home when a delivery driver arrived with a strange parcel – a cardboard box stamped with the letters FRAGILE that seemed to be producing a peculiar, scratching sound. Tentatively, I opened the cardboard box and pulled out a plastic punnet filled with newspaper, old egg cartons, and… wait! Was that an antenna?&nbsp;</p>
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542<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The parcel turned out to be a box of locusts, ordered by my housemate who uses them to feed her pet reptiles. I set the punnet down beside me and tried to continue with my morning’s work. But over the next few hours, the locusts grew increasingly restless, bouncing against the walls of their punnet like hot, microwaved popcorn. The sight and sound of the insects began to return memories of the infamous locust swarms of 2020 — one in a series of near-apocalyptic events that befell us that fateful year. Worryingly, climate change is set to make locust swarms increasingly common, with Sardinia currently facing its worst locust swarm in thirty years.<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;</p>
543
544
545
546<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
547<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11532" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/beginningoftheend/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg" data-orig-size="1252,1922" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="beginningoftheend" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=667" width="667" height="1023" data-id="11532" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=667" alt="" class="wp-image-11532" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=667 667w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=98 98w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=195 195w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/beginningoftheend.jpg 1252w" sizes="(max-width: 667px) 100v
547w, 667px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Republic Pictures, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure>
548
549
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551<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11534" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/swarm_of_locusts/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg" data-orig-size="800,450" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="swarm_of_locusts" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg?w=740" width="800" height="450" data-id="11534" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg?w=800" alt="" class="wp-image-11534" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg 800w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/swarm_of_locusts.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Iwoelbern, CC BY-SA 3.0 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure>
552</figure>
553
554
555
556<p class="has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph">Left: A poster for <em>The Beginning of the End </em>(1957) about a fictional invasion of giant, mutant locusts in Illinois. Right: A real-life locust swarm near Satrokala, Madagascar (2014).</p>
557
558
559
560<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
561
562
563
564<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Throughout history, locusts have been widely understood as symbols of maleficence and misfortune. One of the oldest written references to locusts is, of course, the Biblical story of the ten plagues of Egypt, in which locusts were sent as a punishment from God. Since then, these infamous insects have been featured in art, books, music, and films as harbingers of destruction. Americans of the mid-twentieth century were somewhat obsessed with giant locusts and grasshoppers which were featured everywhere from cartoons to postcards. 1957 saw the release of the movie The Beginning of the End – a schlocky Hollywood sci-fi tale about a swarm of giant, mutant locusts invading Illinois. The film’s principal Entomologist describes locusts as “deadly killer[s]”, both “intelligent and strong”. Real-life locusts are, indeed, very strong for their size, with back legs that can catapult them up to a metre from standing. This means that it would be feasible for the human-sized locusts in&nbsp;<em>The Beginning of the End&nbsp;</em>to jump as far as forty metres — a terrifying thought!<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
565
566
567
568<p class="wp-block-paragraph">While The Beginning of the End is ridiculous both in premise and execution, I can’t deny that I find the concept of giant locusts pretty nightmarish. Earlier in the week, I sent an email to the Life Collections team to enquire about the possibility of looking through our pinned locusts and snapping a few photos of the biggest and grisliest specimens. As I walked upstairs to entomology, I braced myself for an encounter with some fearsome insects. But what I found were a few drawers of modest-sized locusts that looked about as benign as garden grasshoppers. Many of them were even stuffed with wool; more like teddy bears than agents of Armageddon.&nbsp;</p>
569
570
571
572<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11529" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/07/15/the-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity/locusts/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg" data-orig-size="1067,668" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Eleanor McKelvey&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1657889306&quot;}" data-image-title="locusts" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="641" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11529" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=1024 1024
572w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/locusts.jpg 1067w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
573
574
575
576<p class="has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph">Left: <em>Anacridium aegyptium</em>&nbsp;or Egyptian Locust from the Collections at OUMNH. Right: Underside of a locust specimen showing cotton wool stuffing.</p>
577
578
579
580<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
581
582
583
584<p class="wp-block-paragraph">According to Collections Assistant Rob Douglas, stuffing large insect specimens with cotton wool used to be a common entomological practice. Insects with fatty insides, like locusts, must be gutted to ensure good preservation. Following the removal of the insects’ insides, cotton was often used to return their abdomens to their usual size and shape. Locusts’ ample fat stores contribute as much to their physical prowess as their powerful hind legs; sustaining them through migrations of up to 310 miles a day.<sup>3</sup> Such migrations occur when locusts are exposed to a dry spell followed by wet weather, allowing for the sudden regrowth of vegetation. These conditions will cause locusts to switch their solitary lifestyles for gregariousness, coming together to chomp their way through crops and vegetation at a density of 80-160 million insects per square mile. A large migrating swarm of locusts has been estimated to need as many calories in a day as 1.5 million human males, explaining why even ordinary-sized locusts are capable of causing agricultural annihilation.<sup>4&nbsp;</sup></p>
585
586
587
588<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If it weren’t for government and international interventions, the 2020 locust swarms in East Africa could have caused up to $8.5 billion in economic damages by the year-end.<sup>5</sup> But locusts can do much worse. One of the most notorious locust swarms on record was that of the Rocky Mountain locust in the USA between 1874 and 1877. According to some accounts, the swarm caused damages to agriculture equivalent to $116 billion in today’s money, leaving behind piles of locust carcases up to six feet high.<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;</p>
589
590
591
592<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to protecting crops from locusts, prevention is better than cure. Likely locust outbreaks can be pre-empted by studying weather patterns and using satellite imagery to keep an eye on vegetation growth.<sup>7</sup> Once a (potential) locust swarm has been identified, traditional methods of locust management involve the use of pesticides to wipe out the insects as soon as possible. Back in the 1950s, this meant dowsing locusts with DDT. But as the drawbacks of synthetic pesticides become increasingly apparent, chemical interventions are being replaced with the application of naturally occurring ‘pesticides’ like the fungus&nbsp;<em>Metarhizium acridum</em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
593
594
595
596<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Our understanding of locusts has come a long way since the release of <em>The Beginning of the End</em>. One of my favourite news stories of the past month was the announcement by a laboratory at Michigan State University that locusts have been successfully used to ‘sniff out’ mouth cancer.<sup>8</sup> It turns out that locusts no longer just&nbsp;<em>spell</em>&nbsp;danger for humanity — they can&nbsp;<em>smell&nbsp;</em>danger for humanity too! These cancer-detecting locusts are, in my opinion, far more ‘sci-fi’ than the giant bugs imagined by scriptwriters of the 1950s, reminding us that, when it comes to science, the truth is often stranger than fiction. Reports like these demonstrate that scientific research has the power to transform our relationship with the pests that have tormented us for thousands of years.</p>
597
598
599
600<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
601
602
603
604<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[1] <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/sardinian-farmers-suffer-worst-locust-invasion-over-30-years-2022-07-13/" target="_blank">Sardinian farmers suffer worst locust invasion in over 30 years | Reuters</a>&nbsp;</p>
605
606
607
608<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[2] <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~wjh/jumping/perform.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~wjh/jumping/perform.html</a></p>
609
610
611
612<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[3] <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/locusts" rel="nofollow">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/locusts</a></p>
613
614
615
616<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[4] <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/author/Weis-Fogh%2C+T">Weis-Fogh T.</a> 1952 Fat combustion and metabolic rate of flying locusts (<em>Schistocerca gregaria</em>&nbsp;Forskål)<em>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B</em>2371–36<a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1952.0011">http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1952.0011</a></p>
617
618
619
620<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[5] Dominy, Nathaniel J., and Luke D. Fannin. &#8220;The sluggard has no locusts: From persistent pest to irresistible icon.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>People and Nature</em>&nbsp;3, no. 3 (2021): 542-549.</p>
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622
623
624<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[6] Lockwood, Jeffrey A. <em>Locust: The Devastating Rise and Mysterious Disappearance&nbsp;of the Insect that Shaped the American Frontier. </em>London: Hachette (2004).</p>
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626
627
628<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[7] Zhang, Long, Michel Lecoq, Alexandre Latchininsky, and David Hunter. &#8220;
628Locust and grasshopper management.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Annu. Rev. Entomol</em>&nbsp;64, no. 1 (2019): 15-34.</p>
629
630
631
632<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[8] <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/06/21/1054532/cyborg-locust-brain-hacked-sniff-out-cancer/" rel="nofollow">https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/06/21/1054532/cyborg-locust-brain-hacked-sniff-out-cancer/</a></p>
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639<article id="post-11452" class="post-11452 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-archives category-life-collections category-uncategorized tag-entomology tag-museum">
640	<header class="entry-header">
641
642				<div class="post-thumbnail">
643			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/">
644				<img width="272" height="204" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=272" class="attachment-list-thumb size-list-thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=272 272w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=544 544w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=300 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" data-attachment-id="11461" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/dressedflea2_2/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg" data-orig-size="3262,2446" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="dressedflea2_2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=740" />			</a>
645		</div>
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647						<div class="entry-meta">
648			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-05-26T09:00:00+01:00">26 May 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-05-26T09:04:09+01:00">26 May 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/oumcommscoordinator/">More than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/#comments">1 Comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
649				
650	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
651
652	<div class="entry-content">
653		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/" rel="bookmark">A Fashion Flea-esta</a></h2>
654		
655<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
656
657
658
659<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Danielle Czerkaszyn, </strong>Librarian and Archivist</p>
660
661
662
663<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
664
665
666
667<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In September 2021, the Museum initiated its first &#8220;Specimen Showdown&#8221; on Twitter and Instagram, where followers could vote on their favourite specimens from our collections. Over the course of the month, followers narrowed down their favourite among 32 specimens from four collections: The Library Legends, The Bygone Beasts, The Rock Stars, and The Birds and The Beetles. The final showdown was between the Connemara Column (found in the Main Court of the Museum) and the Pulgas Vestidas from the Library and Archives. In a nail-biting race, the Pulgas Vestidas narrowly beat the column with 53.9% of the vote.</p>
668
669
670
671<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But what are Pulgas Vestidas? And why are they so popular?</p>
672
673
674
675<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><em>Dressed fleas</em>, you say?</strong></p>
676
677
678
679<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The delicate art of dressing fleas in tiny costumes, known as &#8216;Pulgas Vestidas&#8217; in Spanish, flourished in Mexico for over two centuries. It is believed that the craft began in Mexican convents where nuns would fashion tiny pieces of clothing onto dead fleas.  An important point to note is that the fleas themselves were not actually dressed — instead, they formed the heads of the figures. The individual fleas were set in matchboxes and decorated with elaborate human costumes, hats, shoes, and accessories. Sometimes the fleas were set in whole scenes, often as married couples in miniature dioramas of everyday life. The bride and groom sets were the most popular, with the bride sporting a long veil and the groom in his best suit. The nuns would then sell the fleas for a small amount of money to passing tourists. The trade was later picked up by the local villagers and Pulgas Vestidas were widely s
679old to tourists visiting Mexico in the early twentieth century.</p>
680
681
682
683<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
684<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11462" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/dressedflea5_1/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg" data-orig-size="3262,2446" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="dressedflea5_1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="767" data-id="11462" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11462" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=2048 2048w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea5_1.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Dressed fleas in a scene that reminds the editor of Don Quixote</figcaption></figure>
685
686
687
688<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11461" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/dressedflea2_2/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg" data-orig-size="3262,2446" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="dressedflea2_2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="3262" height="2446" data-id="11461" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11461" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg 3262w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=150&amp;h=112 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=300&amp;h=225 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=768&amp;h=576 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=768 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/dressedflea2_2.jpg?w=1440&amp;h=1080 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 3262px) 100vw, 3262px" /><figcaption>A dressed flea marriage scene</figcaption></figure>
689</figure>
690
691
692
693<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
694
695
696
697<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Dressed fleas were popular with tourists until the 1930s when the art declined in popularity. An increasing awareness of hygiene meant that fleas were rapidly regarded as unhealthy. Many dressed fleas were consigned to the bin, and Pulgas Vestidas became a lost art as tourists&#8217; tastes for memorabilia changed. Examples of these tiny curiosities are now rare collectors&#8217; items.</p>
698
699
700
701<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Pulgas Vestidas at Oxford University Museum of Natural History</strong></p>
702
703
704
705<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Museum&#8217;s dressed fleas were collected in 1911 by American archaeologist and anthropologist Zeila M. M. Nuttall who specialised in Mexican history and culture. She sent the dressed fleas to her brother, bacteriologist George H.F. Nuttall. George formally donated a collection of 50 Ixodidae (ticks) to the Museum, and it is likely he also gifted the dressed fleas at the same time. The dressed fleas would have been considered more of a Victorian novelty, and so were not formally recorded or accessioned into our 
705collections.</p>
706
707
708
709<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although most of OUMNH&#8217;s dressed fleas reside behind-the-scenes, one example is on public display in the Upper Gallery of the Main Court. Sporting tiny clothes and a backpack, the flea is just visible with the help of a magnifying glass. Clearly, this one was <em>born to flea wild.</em></p>
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711
712
713<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
714<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11464" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/flea-with-backpack/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg" data-orig-size="1511,1574" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1652364876&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="flea-with-backpack" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="983" height="1023" data-id="11464" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=983" alt="" class="wp-image-11464" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=983 983w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=144 144w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=288 288w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg?w=1440 1440w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/flea-with-backpack.jpg 1511w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 983px) 100vw, 983px" /><figcaption>Dressed flea on display in the Museum</figcaption></figure>
715
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717
718<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11465" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/05/26/a-fashion-flea-esta/me-with-fleas/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg" data-orig-size="1152,1544" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="me-with-fleas" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="764" height="1023" data-id="11465" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=764" alt="" class="wp-image-11465" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=764 764w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=112 112w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=224 224w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/me-with-fleas.jpg 1152w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px" /><figcaption>Danielle will be presenting the dressed fleas at our Late Night event</figcaption></figure>
719</figure>
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723<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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727<p class="wp-block-paragraph">OUMNH&#8217;s Pulgas Vestidas are definitely among the more unusual items in the Museum&#8217;s collections, and they were clearly head and shoulders above other specimens in the September Specimen Showdown competition, despite being no more than 5mm tall! Pulgas Vestidas may be small, but they certainly are mighty.</p>
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731<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>I&#8217;ll Flea There</strong></p>
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735<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The dressed fleas will be on display, with a flea-tastic craft, for the Museum&#8217;s <strong>free evening event </strong>&#8216;<a href="https://oumnh.ox.ac.uk/event/museums-at-night...-a-buzz-in-the-air">Late Night: A Buzz in the Air</a>&#8216; on 27 May from 7-10pm.</p>
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737			</div><!-- .entry-content -->
738</article><!-- #post-## -->
739
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741				
742<article id="post-11384" class="post-11384 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-life category-life-collections category-research category-uncategorized tag-entomology tag-insects tag-museum-collections tag-research tag-science">
743	<header class="entry-header">
744
745				<div class="post-thumbnail">
746			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/28/disappearing-butterflies/">
747				<img width="272" height="218" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=272" class="attachment-list-thumb size-list-thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=272 272w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=544 544w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=300 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" data-attachment-id="11418" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/28/disappearing-butterflies/bvw/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg" data-orig-size="3039,2431" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.4&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;SM-G975F&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1643205443&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.32&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="BVW" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw.jpg?w=740" />			</a>
748		</div>
749		
750						<div class="entry-meta">
751			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/28/disappearing-butterflies/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-04-28T10:30:00+01:00">28 April 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-06-21T15:19:12+01:00">21 June 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/ellamckelvey/">More Than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/28/disappearing-butterflies/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
752				
753	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
754
755	<div class="entry-content">
756		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/28/disappearing-butterflies/" rel="bookmark">Disappearing Butterflies</a></h2>
757		
758<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>HOW TO SOLVE A BIOLOGICAL MYSTERY USING MUSEUM COLLECTIONS AND DNA TECHNOLOGY</strong></p>
759
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762<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
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766<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Rebecca Whitla</strong>, PhD student at Oxford Brookes University</p>
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770<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
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774<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Black-veined white butterfly (<em>Aporia crataegi</em>) was a large, charismatic butterfly with distinctive black venation on its wings. Once commonly found in the UK, the species unfortunately went extinct here in around 1925, with the last British specimens collected from Herne Bay in Kent. It isn’t fully understood why the species disappeared from the UK, but climate change, predation, parasites, and disease have all been suggested to have caused its disappearance — perhaps with several of these factors contributing to its decline. Central to solving the mystery of the disappearance of the Black-veined white will be the collections of butterflies that are stored in museums like OUMNH.</p>
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778<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Butterflies tend to be well-represented in museum collections, and the Black-veined white is no exception. While the species has now been extinct in the UK for around 100 years, Lepidoptera enthusiasts from previous centuries often captured wild Black-veined white specimens for their personal collections. The abundance of Black-veined white butterflies in museum collections, like the collections at OUMNH, serve as a valuable repository for scientific research — including my own!</p>
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782<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11422" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/bvw-1/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg" data-orig-size="1172,721" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.4&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;SM-G975F&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1643205443&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.32&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="bvw-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="629" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11422" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=1024 1024
782w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/bvw-1.jpg 1172w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Black-veined white butterflies in the collections at OUMNH</figcaption></figure>
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786<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Between June and December 2021, I undertook a research project using OUMNH&#8217;s Black-veined white butterflies. My task was to extract enough DNA from the butterflies to use for &#8216;whole genome sequencing&#8217; — in other words, I was attempting to extract DNA from butterfly specimens to decode their complete DNA sequence. Getting DNA sequences from the historical specimens that are kept in Museums is no easy task, as DNA degrades over time. Nonetheless, animal specimens from natural history museums have<em> </em>successfully been used for whole genome sequencing and genetic analysis in the past, including species as diverse as longhorn beetles and least Weasels.</p>
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790<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In order to work out how to extract DNA from the specimens, I had to try a variety of methods. This included experimenting to find out whether butterfly legs or abdomen fragments yielded more DNA, and whether non-destructive methods of DNA extraction were as effective as destructive methods.  An example of a non-destructive method of DNA extraction would be a process like soaking a sample overnight and using the leftover liquid for DNA extraction, whereas a destructive method might involve mashing a whole leg or abdomen segment to use as a DNA source.</p>
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794<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11420" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/dna_science/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg" data-orig-size="5069,3379" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 6D&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1651067487&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;67&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;10000&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0025&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="dna_science" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="682" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11420" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=2048 2048w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dna_science.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Preparing a DNA sample</figcaption></figure>
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802<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Overall, I found that destructively sampling the legs of the butterflies gave the most reliable results, and also had the added benefit of not destroying the wings or abdomen of the specimens. Keeping the wings and abdomens of the butterflies intact will likely prove useful for conducting morphological studies in future. </p>
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806<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Now that I have a reliable DNA extraction method, the next step in my research will be to analyse more Black-veined white specimens from a span of different time periods leading up to the species’ disappearance. I will then compare samples collected from each time period to calculate the genetic diversity of the species at each point in time, leading up to its disappearance. If I find a steady decline in the species&#8217; genetic diversity over time, this may indicate a gradual extinction of the species. This is because we expect that, as numbers of a species decrease, inbreeding will become common, resulting in less diversity in the species&#8217; DNA. However, if the populations of Black-veined white butterflies went extinct very suddenly, the decline in genetic diversity will probably be less pronounced. Learning more about the fate of the Black-veined White could not only help us unlock the historical mystery of the species&#8217; decline in Britain, but will also help us understand more about the species’ decline in other parts of the world.</p>
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810<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
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814<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>British Insect Collections: </strong><a href="https://oumnh.ox.ac.uk/hope-future">HOPE for the Future</a> is an ambitious project to protect and share the Museum of Natural History&#8217;s unique and irreplaceable British insect collection. Containing over one million specimens – including dozens of iconic species now considered extinct in the UK – it offers us an extraordinary window into the natural world and the ways it has changed over the last 200 years. The HOPE for the Future project is funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, thanks to National Lottery players.</p>
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818<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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820			</div><!-- .entry-content -->
821</article><!-- #post-## -->
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823			
824				
825<article id="post-11386" class="post-11386 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-earth-collections category-history-of-the-collection category-life category-life-collections category-paleontology category-uncategorized tag-museum-collections tag-research tag-science">
826	<header class="entry-header">
827
828				<div class="post-thumbnail">
829			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirk
829aldy/">
830				<img width="272" height="176" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=272" class="attachment-list-thumb size-list-thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=272 272w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=544 544w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=300 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" data-attachment-id="11404" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/mid_devonian_fossil/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png" data-orig-size="1277,824" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="mid_devonian_fossil" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mi
830d_devonian_fossil.png?w=740" />			</a>
831		</div>
832		
833						<div class="entry-meta">
834			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-04-22T12:53:10+01:00">22 April 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-04-26T10:47:58+01:00">26 April 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/ellamckelvey/">More Than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
835				
836	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
837
838	<div class="entry-content">
839		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/" rel="bookmark">Re-Collections: Jane Willis&nbsp;Kirkaldy</a></h2>
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841<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Evie</strong> <strong>Granat</strong>, Project Officer Trainee with the Freshwater Habitats Trust&nbsp;and Museum volunteer</p>
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845<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
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849<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>The Museum is lucky enough to house several specimens presented by Jane Willis Kirkaldy (1867/9 &#8211; 1932). They serve as a reminder of a passionate and dedicated tutor, and of a key figure behind the development of women&#8217;s education at Oxford University. </em></p>
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857<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Jane Willis Kirkaldy was born somewhere between 1867 and 1869, and spent her youth in London with her parents and five siblings. After completing her secondary education at Wimbledon High School, Kirkaldy gained entry to Somerville College (Oxford) on an exhibition scholarship in 1887. She finished her degree in 1891, becoming one of the first women to achieve a First Class Hons in Natural Sciences (Zoology). However, since the University didn&#8217;t award women degrees in the nineteenth century, it wasn&#8217;t until 1920 that Kirkaldy received her MA. </p>
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861<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Upon completing her undergraduate studies, Kirkaldy worked for a short period as a private tutor in Castle Howard before returning to Oxford in 1894. Whilst researching at the University, she produced two papers for the <em>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</em>, including an article entitled &#8220;On the Head Kidney of Myxine&#8221;. This study of the renal systems of hagfish was written with the aid of experimental work carried out by renowned zoologist Walter Weldon at his UCL laboratory. She also studied lancelets under the Oxford Linacre Professor of Zoology, publishing &#8220;A Revision of the Genera and Species of Branchiostomdae&#8221; in 1895.</p>
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865<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
866<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11405" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/kirkaldy_fossil/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png" data-orig-size="1323,886" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="kirkaldy_fossil" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1323" height="886" data-id="11405" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png" alt="" class="wp-image-11405" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png 1323w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png?w=150&amp;h=100 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png?w=300&amp;h=201 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png?w=768&amp;h=514 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_fossil.png?w=1024&amp;h=686 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1323px) 100vw, 1323px" /></figure>
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870<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11404" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/mid_devonian_fossil/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mi
870d_devonian_fossil.png" data-orig-size="1277,824" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="mid_devonian_fossil" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1277" height="824" data-id="11404" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png" alt="" class="wp-image-11404" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png 1277w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=150&amp;h=97 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=300&amp;h=194 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=768&amp;h=496 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/mid_devonian_fossil.png?w=1024&amp;h=661 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1277px) 100vw, 1277px" /></figure>
871<figcaption class="blocks-gallery-caption">Middle Devonian fossils from Eifel, presented to the Museum by Jane Willis Kirkaldy.</figcaption></figure>
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879<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Kirkaldy&#8217;s achievements are especially noteworthy given how few women studied Natural Sciences at Oxford during the nineteenth century. In addition to her contributions to the scientific field, she also helped advance women&#8217;s education at Oxford University. In 1894, The Association of the Education of Women named Kirkaldy a tutor to female students in the School of Natural Sciences. The following year she ceased all research to concentrate fully on teaching, co-authoring &#8216;Text Book of Zoology&#8217; with Miss E.C. Pollard in 1896, and <em>Introduction to the Study of Biology </em>with I. M. Drummond in 1907. She eventually became a tutor or lecturer at all of Oxford&#8217;s Women&#8217;s Societies, and a Director of Studies at all five of the women&#8217;s colleges. Amongst the many female scientists that came under her care was the Nobel Prize-winning chemist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. </p>
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883<div data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery aligncenter is-style-rectangular"><div class="tiled-gallery__gallery"><div class="tiled-gallery__row"><div class="tiled-gallery__col" style="flex-basis:32.4492%;"><figure class="tiled-gallery__item"><img data-attachment-id="11408" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirkaldy/donation_book009/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg" data-orig-size="4794,7496" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Donation_Book009" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?w=655" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Open image 1 of 2 in full-screen" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600 600w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900 900w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1200 1200w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1500 1500w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1800 1800w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=2000 2000w" alt="" data-height="7496" data-id="11408" data-link="https://morethanadodo.com/?attachment_id=11408" data-url="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg" data-width="4794" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/donation_book009.jpg" data-amp-layout="responsive" /></figure></div><div class="tiled-gallery__col" style="flex-basis:67.5508%;"><figure class="tiled-gallery__item"><img data-attachment-id="11409" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/04/22/re-collections-jane-willis-kirk
883aldy/kirkaldy_chromite/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg" data-orig-size="4032,3024" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone SE (2nd generation)&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1647253156&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;latitude&quot;:&quot;51.758669444444&quot;,&quot;longitude&quot;:&quot;-1.2563388888889&quot;}" data-image-title="kirkaldy_chromite" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?w=740" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Open image 2 of 2 in full-screen" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600 600w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900 900w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1200 1200w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1500 1500w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1800 1800w,https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=2000 2000w" alt="" data-height="3024" data-id="11409" data-link="https://morethanadodo.com/?attachment_id=11409" data-url="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg" data-width="4032" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/kirkaldy_chromite.jpg" data-amp-layout="responsive" /></figure></div></div></div></div>
884
885
886
887<p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph">Left: Page from one of our donations books listing Jane Willis Kirkaldy as the donor of a series of Middle Devonian fossils (from the Eifel) to the Museum in October 1901. Right: Chromite from East Africa, also donated to the Museum by Kirkaldy.</p>
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890
891<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Beyond the Department of Natural Sciences, Kirkaldy was an important figure at Oxford &#8212; she served as a member of the Council of St. Hugh&#8217;s College for 14 years, and was made an honorary fellow of Somerville College in 1929. At the Museum of Natural History, she presented beetles from New Guinea (1890), Devonian Fossils from the Eiffel (1901), and Chromite from near Beira, Mozambique (1924). </p>
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895<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Kirkaldy retired from the University in 1930 due to ill health, before passing away in a London care home in 1932. Oxford University subsequently dedicated the junior and senior &#8216;Jane Willis Kirkakdy Prizes&#8217; in her memory, which still exist to this day.</p>
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899<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" />
900
901
902
903<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>References</strong></p>
904
905
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907<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.firstwomenatoxford.ox.ac.uk/article/principals-and-tutors" rel="nofollow">https://www.firstwomenatoxford.ox.ac.uk/article/principals-and-tutors</a></p>
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911<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/160/mode/2up" rel="nofollow">https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/160/mode/2up</a></p>
912
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914
915<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/022/06/0517-0524" rel="nofollow">https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/022/06/0517-0524</a></p>
916
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918
919<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="http://wimbledonhighschool.daisy.websds.net/Filename.ashx?tableName=ta_publications&amp;columnName=filename&amp;recordId=72">http://wimbledonhighschool.daisy.websds.net/Filename.ashx?tableName=ta_publications&amp;columnName=filename&amp;recordId=72</a></p>
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923<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="http://wimbledonhighschool.daisy.websds.net/Filename.ashx?tableName=ta_publications&amp;columnName=filename&amp;recordId=71">http://wimbledonhighschool.daisy.websds.net/Filename.ashx?tableName=ta_publications&amp;columnName=filename&amp;recordId=71</a></p>
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927<p class="wp-block-paragraph">
927<a href="https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/160/mode/2up" rel="nofollow">https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/160/mode/2up</a></p>
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930
931<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Patterns, Proteins and Peace: A Life in Science</em>,&nbsp;by Georgina Ferry</p>
932
933
934
935<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</em></p>
936
937			</div><!-- .entry-content -->
938</article><!-- #post-## -->
939
940			
941				
942<article id="post-11201" class="post-11201 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-life category-life-collections category-specimens category-uncategorized">
943	<header class="entry-header">
944
945				<div class="post-thumbnail">
946			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/">
947				<img width="272" height="217" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=272" class="attachment-list-thumb size-list-thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=272 272w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=544 544w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=300 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" data-attachment-id="11223" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/e_o_wilson_ed/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png" data-orig-size="1127,900" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="e_o_wilson_ed" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/e_o_wilson_ed.png?w=740" />			</a>
948		</div>
949		
950						<div class="entry-meta">
951			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-03-02T15:33:09+00:00">2 March 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-03-03T14:14:56+00:00">3 March 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/ellamckelvey/">More Than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
952				
953	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
954
955	<div class="entry-content">
956		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/" rel="bookmark">Thanks for the&nbsp;Myrmories</a></h2>
957		
958<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AMAZING ANTS AND THE LEGACY OF E.O. WILSON</strong></p>
959
960
961
962<hr class="wp-block-separator is-style-wide" />
963
964
965
966<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Jordan Wernyj </strong>&#8211; Deputy Visitor Services Manager</p>
967
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970<hr class="wp-block-separator is-style-wide" />
971
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974<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If you happen to encounter one of the 50+ ant types in Britain, observe their hurried activities and interactions with each other. One cannot help but compare the complex functioning of an ant society to our own, and consider its advanced societal structures in relation to humans. The way an ant colony organises itself is highly industrial and commanding, subdivided into castes including queens, males, and worker ants, the latter of which contribute to their colony through roles as diverse as tending to larvae, foraging, or attacking rival threats.</p>
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978<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Having worked at the Museum of Natural History for a few months, my interactions with specimens and discussions with the entomology department have reignited an intrigue in myrmecology, the study of ants. This began with locating the ant case on the Upper Gallery on the south side of the Museum. You can find fantastic British insects on display, selected from our ginormous <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://oumnh.web.ox.ac.uk/hope-future" target="_blank">British Insect Collection</a>. Specimens include <em>Lasius fuliginosus</em> (Jet Black Ant) and <em>Formica saunguinea</em> (Slave-Making Ant) —the latter aptly named given its tendency to attack ants from other colonies and force its victims to work for them.</p>
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982<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11218" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/image-1/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png" data-orig-size="1024,682" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="image-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="682" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11218" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image-1.png?w=768 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Slave-making Ant and Jet Black Ant on display in the Museum</figcaption></figure>
983
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985
986<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Outside of the Museum, a viral video of a group of ants following each other in a circle led me to the even more surprising discovery that ants can mistakenly cause their&nbsp;<em>own&nbsp;</em>demise. The name of this circular march is an ‘ant mill’ which, rather morbidly, is a circle of death. Ants use pheromone
986s to communicate with and organise each other during normal behaviour. However, these chemical trails can be lost, which for worker or army ants that leave the colony to forage or attack, it is a prominent risk. Ants follow one another, and if the leading ant loses the trail and begins to follow an ant behind, a rotational spiral motion occurs. Sadly, an ant mill can cause tragic consequences, with either the ants picking up the trail back to the colony, or continuing in the rotation until they die of exhaustion.</p>
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990<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Having expressed curiosity in myrmecology, an entomologist at the Museum provided me with a fascinating book <em>Tales of the Ant Worl</em>d by Edward O. Wilson. Wilson’s enlightening work within myrmecology and ecology gave him the nickname ‘Dr. Ant’. Wilson, highlighting his scholarship on the ant species&nbsp;<em>Camponotus femoratus –&nbsp;</em>one of the most aggressive in the world. </p>
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994<figure data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:58966362,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https://morethanadodo.com/2022/03/02/thanks-for-the-myrmories/&quot;}'  class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
995<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11205" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/plos_wilson/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg" data-orig-size="1240,1054" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="plos_wilson" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1240" height="1054" data-id="11205" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-11205" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg 1240w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg?w=150&amp;h=128 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg?w=300&amp;h=255 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg?w=768&amp;h=653 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/plos_wilson.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=870 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px" /></figure>
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999<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11213" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/img_8054cabed/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg" data-orig-size="5472,3648" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 6D&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1646229790&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;35&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="img_8054cabed" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="682" data-id="11213" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11213" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=2048 2048w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/img_8054cabed.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
1000<figcaption class="blocks-gallery-caption">Left: E.O. &#8216;Dr. Ant&#8217; Wilson (1929 – 2021), <em>source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilson" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilson</a></em>. Right: Ant display in the Upper Gallery of the Museum.</figcaption></figure>
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1004<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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1008<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These intriguing invertebrates are located within the depths of the Amazon rainforest and are largely arboreal, territorial, and scary! Nonetheless, the intrepid Wilson decided to test out the ants&#8217; offensive tactics. A mere brush up against an inhabited tree would provoke swarming formations, snapping mandibles and, if the pain wasn’t already discomforting enough, a release of formic acid. Edward Osbourne Wilson sadly passed away on Boxing Day 2021, while I was halfway through reading this book. It is a fascinating work that not only informs the reader of ant facts, but tells the most interesting story of a myrmecologist’s life and his discovery of ant species.</p>
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1010			</div><!-- .entry-content -->
1011</article><!-- #post-## -->
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1013			
1014				
1015<article id="post-11143" class="post-11143 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-art category-behind-the-scenes-tours category-life-collections category-uncategorized tag-art-and-science tag-illustration tag-museum tag-oxford-university tag-oxford-university-museum-of-natural-history tag-zoology">
1016	<header class="entry-header">
1017
1018				<div class="post-thumbnail">
1019			<a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/02/09/lungfish-lithographs-and-libel/">
1020				<img width="272" height="327" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=272" class="attachment-list-thumb size-list-thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=272 272w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=544 544w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=125 125w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=250 250w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" data-attachment-id="11148" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/comparison/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg" data-orig-size="878,1055" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="comparison" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/comparison.jpg?w=740" />			</a>
1021		</div>
1022		
1023						<div class="entry-meta">
1024			<p><span class="posted-on"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/02/09/lungfish-lithographs-and-libel/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-02-09T09:00:00+00:00">9 February 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-03-01T10:20:12+00:00">1 March 2022</time></a></span></p><span class="byline"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morethanadodo.com/author/ellamckelvey/">More Than a Dodo</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/02/09/lungfish-lithographs-and-libel/#comments">1 Comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
1025				
1026	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
1027
1028	<div class="entry-content">
1029		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://morethanadodo.com/2022/02/09/lungfish-lithographs-and-libel/" rel="bookmark">Lungfish, lithographs and&nbsp;libel</a></h2>
1030		
1031<hr class="wp-block-separator is-style-wide" />
1032
1033
1034
1035<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Mark Carnall</strong>, Collections Manager</p>
1036
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1038
1039<hr class="wp-block-separator is-style-wide" />
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1041
1042
1043<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In addition to the many thousands of biological specimens that can be found at Oxford University Museum of Natural History, we also possess a variety of objects that originate from historical versions of the Museum&#8217;s displays. These include models, casts, and illustrations of various kinds, used to represent organisms that were otherwise difficult to preserve and display.</p>
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1047<p class="wp-block-paragraph">That any of these exhibition materials survive at all is down to pure happenstance and luck. At the time when they were removed from display, these artefacts would have just been seen as outdated &#8216;display furniture&#8217; and all but destined to have been thrown away. One surviving piece of ex-display material, which catches my eye almost daily as it sits in my office, is a rather large pair of illustrations showing a S
1047outh American and a West African lungfish mounted on a black backing board.</p>
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1050
1051<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="11146" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/lungfishes-whole/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg" data-orig-size="1224,407" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="lungfishes-whole" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=740" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="340" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-11146" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=150 150w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=300 300w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/lungfishes-whole.jpg 1224w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Mounted illustrations of West African lungfish, <em>Protopterus annectens</em> (top) and South American lungfish, <em>Lepidosiren paradox</em> (bottom). The board they are mounted on measures 93cm across.</figcaption></figure>
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1055<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By pure coincidence, I recently came across lithograph reproductions of these illustrations in an&nbsp;<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://archive.org/details/transactionsofz4189698zo/page/n21/mode/2up?view=theater" target="_blank">1895 publication</a>&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Lankester" target="_blank">E. Ray Lankester</a>. Had these fish not have been my office-mates, I might not have paid the lithographs in the paper much attention, nor recognised their significance.&nbsp;</p>
1056
1057
1058
1059<p class="wp-block-paragraph">E. Ray Lankester was a noted Zoologist who studied at Oxford University and was the holder of the Linacre Chair. He was also heavily involved in adding to the collections and displays here at OUMNH. His 1895 paper – a smash hit I’m sure we all remember – was titled <em>On the Lepidosiren of Paraguay, and on the external characters of Lepidosiren and Protopterus, </em>and sought to add more reliable evidence on the appearances of lungfishes. </p>
1060
1061
1062
1063<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Lungfishes were of particular interest to scientists at the end of the nineteenth century. Though seemingly related, the different species of lungfish caused no small amount of head-scratching, given that they were found in freshwater ecosystems as far apart as Australia, Africa, and South America. As their name suggests, they <em>are</em> fish but also air-breathing, and the fact that they possess lungs also marked them for scientific interest at the time.</p>
1064
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1066
1067<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img data-attachment-id="11197" data-permalink="https://morethanadodo.com/image-4/" data-orig-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png" data-orig-size="851,1023" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="image" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=740" loading="lazy" src="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=851" alt="" class="wp-image-11197" width="850" height="1022" srcset="https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=850 850w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=125 125w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=250 250w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png?w=768 768w, https://morethanadodo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/image.png 851w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px" /><figcaption>Comparison of Bayzand’s original drawing of <em>Protopterus annectens</em> (top) and screen-capture of the published figure (bottom). You’ll no doubt agree with Lankester that the changes to the scales are egregious and vexing. </figcaption></figure>
1068
1069
1070
1071<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Interestingly (well, interesting to me!) is that Lankester adds an extensive note in the paper about the illustration of the specimens, explaining that he is unhappy with how Bayzand’s original drawings have been modified in the process of transforming them into lithographs for publication. According to Lankester, these modifications introduced inaccuracies. In particular, he complained that the lithographer had made it look like the lungfishes were covered in scales, and stresses that “[a]s a matter of fact, <em>no scales at all</em>[,]<em> or parts of scales</em>[,] are visible on the surface” of the lungfish. Instead, he makes clear that in real life (or, in this case, in preserved life) the scales of the fish are overlaid with soft tissue. Comparing the figure in the paper with the illustrations in my office confirms that the lithographer had, indeed, inaccurately reproduced the original drawings.</p>
1072
1073
1074
1075<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The happy coincidence of me finding Lankester&#8217;s paper led me to several important revelations. Firstly, we now know that Bayzand&#8217;s original drawings of the lungfish can still be found here at OUMNH. Secondly, we can surmise that, at some point in the past, these drawings were displayed in the Museum’s galleries. We can also corroborate that the original illustrations are different to the published versions, meaning that, if we are to believe Lancaster, they are also more accurate than those in the publication. Finally, we now know that two of the Museum’s specimens were cited with extra biographical information in Lankester&#8217;s paper.</p>
1076
1077
1078
1079<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sadly, these exciting findings mean that my office mates will probably have to be relocated and take up residence in the Museum’s archives alongside their subject matter&#8230;</p>
1080
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1282						<div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div>
1283						<div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div>
1284					</div>
1285					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1286						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></div>
1287					</div>
1288					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container">
1289						<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility">
1290							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1291								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1292									<mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1293										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/>
1294									</mask>
1295									<g mask="url(#maskInfo)">
1296										<rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1297									</g>
1298								</svg>
1299							</span>
1300						</a>
1301												<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility">
1302							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1303								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1304									<mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1305										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/>
1306									</mask>
1307									<g mask="url(#maskComments)">
1308										<rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1309									</g>
1310								</svg>
1311
1312								<span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span>
1313							</span>
1314						</a>
1315											</div>
1316				</div>
1317				<div class="jp-carousel-info-extra">
1318					<div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper">
1319						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1320							<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></div>
1321						</div>
1322						<div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper">
1323															<div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading">
1324									<span>Loading Comments...</span>
1325								</div>
1326								<div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div>
1327								<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container">
1328									<span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span>
1329									<div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div>
1330																														<form id="jp-carousel-comment-form">
1331												<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label>
1332												<textarea
1333													name="comment"
1334													class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea"
1335													id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field"
1336													placeholder="Write a Comment..."
1337												></textarea>
1338												<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper">
1339													<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as">
1340																													<fieldset>
1341																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label>
1342																<input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" />
1343															</fieldset>
1344															<fieldset>
1345																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label>
1346																<input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" />
1347															</fieldset>
1348															<fieldset>
1349																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label>
1350																<input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" />
1351															</fieldset>
1352																											</div>
1353													<input
1354														type="submit"
1355														name="submit"
1356														class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button"
1357														id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit"
1358														value="Post Comment" />
1359												</div>
1360											</form>
1361																											</div>
1362													</div>
1363						<div class="jp-carousel-image-meta">
1364							<div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption">
1365								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-info">
1366									<div class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></div>
1367								</div>
1368
1369								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div>
1370							</div>
1371							<a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" aria-label="Download image" target="_blank" style="display: none;">
1372								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1373									<mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18">
1374										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/>
1375									</mask>
1376									<g mask="url(#mask0)">
1377										<rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1378									</g>
1379								</svg>
1380								<span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span>
1381							</a>
1382							<div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div>
1383						</div>
1384					</div>
1385				</div>
1386			</div>
1387		</div>
1388
1389		</div>
1390		
1391	
1391<script type="text/javascript">
1392		(function () {
1393			var wpcom_reblog = {
1394				source: 'toolbar',
1395
1396				toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) {
1397
1398					// Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one.
1399					const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`;
1400
1401					// Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the 
1402					// post permalink in the editor.
1403					const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; 
1404					
1405					const url =
1406						postEndpoint +
1407						'?url=' +
1408						encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) +
1409						'&is_post_share=true' +
1410						'&v=5';
1411
1412					const redirect = function () {
1413						if (
1414							! window.open( url, '_blank' )
1415						) {
1416							location.href = url;
1417						}
1418					};
1419
1420					if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) {
1421						setTimeout( redirect, 0 );
1422					} else {
1423						redirect();
1424					}
1425				},
1426			};
1427
1428			window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog;
1429		})();
1430	</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1430
1430
1431<script id="coblocks-loader-js-extra">
1432var wpcom_coblocks_js = {"coblocks_masonry_js":"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/js/coblocks-masonry.min.js?m=1681832297i","coblocks_lightbox_js":"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/js/coblocks-lightbox.min.js?m=1681832297i","jquery_core_js":"/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js","jquery_migrate_js":"/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js","masonry_js":"/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js","imagesloaded_js":"/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js"};
1433var coblocksLigthboxData = {"closeLabel":"Close Gallery","leftLabel":"Previous","rightLabel":"Next"};
1434//# sourceURL=coblocks-loader-js-extra
1435</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1435
1435
1436<script id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra">
1437var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/moon/_inc/blocks/swiper.js"};
1438var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https://morethanadodo.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"b4ce3dcc46","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size \u003Cspan class=\"photo-size\"\u003E{0}\u003Cspan class=\"photo-size-times\"\u003E\u00d7\u003C/span\u003E{1}\u003C/span\u003E","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https://morethanadodo.wordpress.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fmorethanadodo.com%2F2022%2F07%2F15%2Fthe-beginning-of-the-end-do-locusts-still-spell-danger-for-humanity%2F","blog_id":"58966362","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=58966362&v=wpcom&tz=1&user_id=0&arch_cat=life-collections&arch_results=6&subd=morethanadodo","is_public":"1"};
1439//# sourceURL=jetpack-carousel-js-extra
1440</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1440
1440
1441<script id="jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url-js-before">
1442var Jetpack_Block_Assets_Base_Url="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/moon/_inc/blocks/";
1443//# sourceURL=jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url-js-before
1444</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1444
1444
1445<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/_static/??-eJyVkNFOwzAMRX8IxytM23hAfMqUpW7nNrGjOCnw9whpHWjaw3i81rnHsvEjQ1CpJBVTgxzbyGI4Uc0+zJeMSVXwyBLw1Dj2yDKwcCWwUDTGNX+5xOIme8I/1lUZ9BQ1zIbPrju4DoxTjgSFFrfFnq3i9AtBVN9TueerZ0pkmAslbgkXGkemn66RL+H8MC5+4dFX1n9smDlDZJlh0NAMBv687T7+w+CLNqN45dbB5ej39NbtXzeb/Xb3cpi+AYhSnTU='></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1445
1445
1446<script id="wp-dom-ready-js" src="/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/scripts/dom-ready/index.min.js?m=1789650619i&#038;ver=3fe927cab37bf38d6a23"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1446
1446
1447<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?m=1786440387i'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1447
1447
1448<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="jetpack-block-tiled-gallery-js" src="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/moon/_inc/blocks/tiled-gallery/view.js?m=1782736681i&#038;minify=false&#038;ver=16.3-a.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1448
1448
1449<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="tiled-gallery-js" src="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/moon/_inc/build/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery.min.js?m=1755006225i&#038;ver=16.3-a.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1449
1449
1450<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/carousel-wpcom/carousel-wpcom.js?m=1761899756i'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1450
1450
1451<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
1452{"baseUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1783090810i&ver=7.1.1-alpha-63587"}}
1453</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1453
1453
1454<script type="module">
1455/*! This file is auto-generated */
1456var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
1457//# sourceURL=/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
1458</script>
1458
1459		
1459<script type="text/javascript">
1460			(function() {
1461				var extend = function(out) {
1462					out = out || {};
1463
1464					for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
1465						if (!arguments[i])
1466						continue;
1467
1468						for (var key in arguments[i]) {
1469						if (arguments[i].hasOwnProperty(key))
1470							out[key] = arguments[i][key];
1471						}
1472					}
1473
1474					return out;
1475				};
1476				extend( window.infiniteScroll.settings.scripts, ["jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings","rlt-proxy","jquery-core","jquery-migrate","jquery","wpcom-actionbar-placeholder","grofiles-cards","wpgroho","the-neverending-homepage","coblocks-loader","veggie-search","veggie-navigation","veggie-skip-link-focus-fix","jetpack-carousel","jetpack-blocks-assets-base-url","wp-dom-ready","wp-polyfill","jetpack-block-tiled-gallery","tiled-gallery","carousel-wpcom"] );
1477				extend( window.infiniteScroll.settings.styles, ["the-neverending-homepage","coblocks-frontend","wpcom-core-compat-playlist-styles","wpcom-bbpress2-staff-css","veggie-style","genericons","reblogging","geo-location-flair","a8c-global-print","h4-global","wp-img-auto-sizes-contain","wp-emoji-styles","wp-block-library","classic-theme-styles","wp-block-styles-placeholder","coblocks-inline-format","wp-global-styles-placeholder","veggie-veggie","jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style","wp-block-separator","wp-block-separator-theme","wp-block-gallery","wp-block-gallery-theme","wp-block-image","wp-block-image-theme","wp-block-paragraph","wp-block-paragraph-theme","global-styles","jetpack-swiper-library","jetpack-carousel","tiled-gallery","jetpack-block-tiled-gallery","core-block-supports","core-block-supports-duotone"] );
1478			})();
1479		</script>
1479
1480				<span id="infinite-aria" aria-live="polite"></span>
1481		
1481<script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?69" defer></script>
1481 
1481<script type="text/javascript">
1482_tkq = window._tkq || [];
1483_stq = window._stq || [];
1484_tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'58966362','blog_tz':'1','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]);
1485		// Prevent sending pageview tracking from WP-Admin pages.
1486		_stq.push(['view', {'blog':'58966362','v':'wpcom','tz':'1','user_id':'0','arch_cat':'life-collections','arch_results':'6','subd':'morethanadodo'}]);
1487		_stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5tW3cvZGRZOENRcUJYbFpfeFBUODFDZitKVnd+dFBfZ3FEaHZlRDBOOHdkOEdZNzBpPyZfUS5LZFNzMTc/aXxVV1sxdTAlfjRlN0MuL2h6JjBOdG91LCx1JmptMkdZeH5WSVM5cjIxYTBEJS5JaU05OHlJTltWLEI0QzhiYklSP1E5aHpyJkYwV0R8bE9NM1lTS0ZEQ0FMU0ZLaFVfUl9UVGdLS0F3c2FJMGM3YWVI'}]);
1488_stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '58966362', '0' ]);
1489</script>
1489
1490<noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript>
1491<meta id="bilmur" property="bilmur:data" content="" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Europe/London" data-custom-props="{&quot;enq_jquery&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;enq_wp-polyfill&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;logged_in&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;wptheme&quot;:&quot;premium\/veggie&quot;,&quot;wptheme_is_block&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}"   >
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1492<script defer src="/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?i=19&amp;m=202639"></script>
1492 	
1493</body>
1494</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.