1/** 2 * Canonical pollster names and aliases for Pollsmax. 3 * Generated from scripts/pollster-canonical-list.txt 4 */ 5(function () { 6 'use strict'; 7 if (!window.ET) window.ET = {}; 8 9 ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES = { 10 "1892 Polling": "1892 Polling (R)", 11 "Abacus Data": "Abacus Data (R)", 12 "ABC/Wash Post/Ipsos": "Washington Post / Ipsos", 13 "Activote": "ActiVote", 14 "Advantage, Inc.": "Advantage, Inc. (R)", 15 "American Opportunity Alliance": "American Opportunity Alliance (R)", 16 "American Pulse Research (R)": "American Pulse Research & Polling (R)", 17 "American Pulse Research & Polling": "American Pulse Research & Polling (R)", 18 "AP/NORC": "Associated Press / University of Chicago", 19 "AP/NORC**": "Associated Press / University of Chicago", 20 "ARG": "American Research Group", 21 "Beacon Research": "Beacon Research (D)", 22 "Berkeley": "University of California, Berkeley", 23 "Berkeley IGS": "University of California, Berkeley", 24 "Big Data Poll": "Big Data Poll (R)", 25 "Blueprint Polling": "Blueprint Polling (D)", 26 "Bowling Green State University/YouGov": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 27 "Catawba College/YouGov": "Catawba College / YouGov", 28 "CBS News/YouGov": "CBS News / YouGov", 29 "CC Labs": "Clarity Campaign Labs (D)", 30 "CC Labs**": "Clarity Campaign Labs (D)", 31 "Change Research": "Change Research (D)", 32 "Change Research (C-)": "Change Research (D)", 33 "Change Research (C)": "Change Research (D)", 34 "Clarity Campaign Labs": "Clarity Campaign Labs (D)", 35 "CNN/SSRS": "CNN / SSRS", 36 "co/efficient": "co/efficient (R)", 37 "co/efficient (B)": "co/efficient (R)", 38 "Cole Hargrave Snodgrass & Associates": "Cole Hargrave Snodgrass & Associates (R)", 39 "Concord Public Opinion (D)": "Concord Public Opinion Partners (D)", 40 "Concord Public Opinion Partners": "Concord Public Opinion Partners (D)", 41 "Cor Strategies": "Cor Strategies (R)", 42 "Crosby for Congress": "Crosby for Congress (D)", 43 "Cygnal": "Cygnal (R)", 44 "Daily Kos/Civiqs": "Daily Kos / Civiqs", 45 "Daily Mail / J.L. Partners": "Daily Mail / J.L. Partners (R)", 46 "Data for Progress": "Data for Progress (D)", 47 "Data For Progress": "Data for Progress (D)", 48 "Data Targeting": "Data Targeting (R)", 49 "David Binder Research": "David Binder Research (D)", 50 "DCCC": "DCCC (D)", 51 "Deep Root Analytics": "Deep Root Analytics (R)", 52 "East Carolina University Center for Survey Research": "East Carolina University", 53 "Echelon Insights": "Echelon Insights (R)", 54 "Echelon Insights (A)": "Echelon Insights (R)", 55 "Echelon Insights**": "Echelon Insights (R)", 56 "Echelon Insights/Tusk Strategies": "Echelon Insights (R)", 57 "Economist/YouGov": "Economist / YouGov", 58 "ECU": "East Carolina University", 59 "Elon University/YouGov": "Elon University / YouGov", 60 "EMC Research": "EMC Research (D)", 61 "Emerson": "Emerson College", 62 "Emerson College/WGN-TV": "Emerson College", 63 "Evitarus": "Evitarus (D)", 64 "Fabrizio Lee & Associates (R)": "Fabrizio, Lee & Associates (R)", 65 "Fabrizio, Lee & Associates": "Fabrizio, Lee & Associates (R)", 66 "Fabrizio/Anzalone": "Fabrizio, Lee & Associates (R)", 67 "Fairleigh Dick.": "Fairleigh Dickinson University", 68 "First Tuesday Strategies": "First Tuesday Strategies (R)", 69 "FM3 Research": "FM3 Research (D)", 70 "Forbes/HarrisX": "Forbes / HarrisX", 71 "FOX News": "Fox News", 72 "Fox News/Beacon": "Fox News / Beacon Research", 73 "Frederick Polls": "Frederick Polls (D)", 74 "GBAO": "GBAO (D)", 75 "GBAO (B)": "GBAO (D)", 76 "Global Strategy Group": "Global Strategy Group (D)", 77 "GQR": "GQR (D)", 78 "Grassroots Targ": "Grassroots Targeting (R)", 79 "Grassroots Targeting": "Grassroots Targeting (R)", 80 "GrayHouse": "GrayHouse (R)", 81 "GreatBlue": "GreatBlue Research", 82 "GSG": "Global Strategy Group (D)", 83 "Guidant Polling and Strategy": "Guidant Polling and Strategy (R)", 84 "Harper Polling": "Harper Polling (R)", 85 "Hart Research": "Hart Research (D)", 86 "Hart Research (D) / Public Opinion Strategies": "Hart Research (D) / Public Opinion Strategies (R)", 87 "Hart/POS": "Hart Research (D) / Public Opinion Strategies (R)", 88 "Harvard Harris": "Harvard University / HarrisX", 89 "Harvard University / Harris Group": "Harvard University / HarrisX", 90 "Harvard-Harris": "Harvard University / HarrisX",
91 "High Point University/YouGov": "High Point University / YouGov", 92 "HIT Strategies": "HIT Strategies (D)", 93 "Hoffman Research Group": "Hoffman Research Group (R)", 94 "Honan Strategy Group": "Honan Strategy Group (D)", 95 "Hunt Research": "Hunt Research (R)", 96 "I&I/TIPP": "Issues & Insights / TIPP Insights (R)", 97 "IBD/TIPP": "Investor's Business Daily / TIPP Insights (R)", 98 "Impact Research": "Impact Research (D)", 99 "InsiderAdvantage": "InsiderAdvantage (R)", 100 "InsiderAdvantage (R)/Rosetta Stone (R)": "InsiderAdvantage (R)", 101 "Internal Republican Party poll": "Internal Republican Party Poll", 102 "Investor's Business Daily / TIPP Insights": "Investor's Business Daily / TIPP Insights (R)", 103 "IPSOS": "Ipsos", 104 "Issues & Insights / TIPP Insights": "Issues & Insights / TIPP Insights (R)", 105 "J.L. Partners": "J.L. Partners (R)", 106 "J.L. Partners[av]": "J.L. Partners (R)", 107 "JL Partners/Daily Mail": "Daily Mail / J.L. Partners (R)", 108 "JMC Analytics": "JMC Analytics & Polling", 109 "John Zogby Strategies": "John Zogby Strategies (D)", 110 "John Zogby Strategies*": "John Zogby Strategies (D)", 111 "KAConsulting": "KAConsulting (R)", 112 "Kaplan Strategies": "Kaplan Strategies (R)", 113 "Kreate Strategies": "Kreate Strategies (R)", 114 "Lake Research Partners": "Lake Research Partners (D)", 115 "Lake Research Partners (D) / Slingshot Strategies (D)": "Lake Research Partners / Slingshot Strategies (D)", 116 "Lake Research Partners / Slingshot Strategies": "Lake Research Partners / Slingshot Strategies (D)", 117 "Maine People": "Maine People's Resource Center (D)", 118 "Maine People's Resource Center": "Maine People's Resource Center (D)", 119 "Manhattan Institute": "Manhattan Institute (R)", 120 "Marist": "Marist University", 121 "Marist College": "Marist University", 122 "Marquette": "Marquette University", 123 "Mason-Dixon": "Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy", 124 "McLaughlin & Associates": "McLaughlin & Associates (R)", 125 "McLauglin & Associates": "McLaughlin & Associates (R)", 126 "MDW (D)": "MDW Communications (D)", 127 "MDW Communications": "MDW Communications (D)", 128 "Meeting Street Insights": "Meeting Street Insights (R)", 129 "Michigan State University/YouGov": "Michigan State University / YouGov", 130 "Mitchell Research": "Mitchell Research & Communications", 131 "Monmouth": "Monmouth University", 132 "NAIP": "National Association of Independent Pollsters", 133 "NAIP**": "National Association of Independent Pollsters", 134 "National Public Affairs": "National Public Affairs (R)", 135 "National Republican Senatorial Committee": "National Republican Senatorial Committee (R)", 136 "National Research (R)": "National Research Inc. (R)", 137 "National Research Inc.": "National Research Inc. (R)", 138 "NBC News Decision Desk": "NBC News", 139 "Neighborhood Research": "Neighborhood Research (R)", 140 "NextGen P": "NextGen P (R)", 141 "Nexus Strategies/Strategic Partners Solutions": "Nexus Strategies / Strategic Partners Solutions", 142 "NicoPAC": "NicoPAC (R)", 143 "Noble Predictive": "Noble Predictive Insights", 144 "NPR/PBS/Marist": "NPR / PBS / Marist University", 145 "NRSC (R)": "National Republican Senatorial Committee (R)", 146 "NY Times/Siena": "New York Times / Siena College", 147 "NYT / Siena": "New York Times / Siena College", 148 "NYT/Siena": "New York Times / Siena College", 149 "OHPI": "Noble Predictive Insights", 150 "OnMessage Inc. (R)": "OnMessage Public Strategies (R)", 151 "OnMessage Public Strategies": "OnMessage Public Strategies (R)", 152 "Opinion Diagnostics": "Opinion Diagnostics (R)", 153 "Opinion Diagnostics (I)": "Opinion Diagnostics (R)", 154 "Osage Research": "Osage Research (R)", 155 "Patriot Polling": "Patriot Polling (R)", 156 "Peak Insights": "Peak Insights (R)", 157 "Plymouth Union Public (R)": "Plymouth Union Public Research (R)", 158 "Plymouth Union Public Research": "Plymouth Union Public Research (R)", 159 "Politico/UC Berkeley/TrueDot": "Politico/UC Berkeley / TrueDot", 160 "PPIC": "Public Policy Institute of California", 161 "PPP": "Public Policy Polling (D)", 162 "Public Opinion Strategies": "Public Opinion Strategies (R)", 163 "Public Policy Polling": "Public Policy Polling (D)", 164 "Pulse Decision Science (R)": "Pulse Opinion Research (R)", 165 "Pulse Opinion Research": "Pulse Opinion Research (R)", 166 "Quantus Insights": "Quantus Insights (R)", 167 "Quinnipiac": "Quinnipiac University", 168 "Ragnar Research Partners": "Ragnar Research Partners (R)", 169 "Rasmussen": "Rasmussen Reports (R)", 170 "Rasmussen Reports": "Rasmussen Reports (R)", 171 "RBI Strategies & Research": "RBI Strategies & Research (D)", 172 "Remington Research Group": "Remington Research Group (R)", 173 "Reuters/Ipsos": "Reuters / Ipsos", 174 "RMG Research*": "RMG Research", 175 "RMG Research**": "RMG Research", 176 "Rosetta Stone Comm. (R)": "Rosetta Stone Communications (R)", 177 "Rosetta Stone Communications": "Rosetta Stone Communications (R)", 178 "Rutgers-Eagleton": "Rutgers University", 179 "S360": "Strategies 360", 180 "Schoen Cooperman Research": "Schoen Cooperman Research (D)", 181 "Siena": "Siena College", 182 "Siena University": "Siena College", 183 "Siena/ReconMR": "Siena College / ReconMR", 184 "Slingshot Strategies": "Slingshot Strategies (D)", 185 "SoCal Strategies": "SoCal Strategies (R)", 186 "Stimsight": "Stimsight Research", 187 "Stratus Intelligence": "Stratus Intelligence (R)", 188 "SurveyUSA": "SurveyUSA (D)", 189 "SUSA": "SurveyUSA (D)", 190 "Susquehanna Polling & Research": "Susquehanna Polling & Research (R)",
191 "TargetSmart": "TargetSmart (D)", 192 "Targoz Market Research/SC Policy Council": "Targoz Market Research / South Carolina Policy Council", 193 "Tarrance Group": "Tarrance Group (R)", 194 "Tavern Research": "Tavern Research (D)", 195 "The New York Times": "New York Times", 196 "The Public Sentiment Institute": "Public Sentiment Institute", 197 "The Public Sentiment Institute/Virginia Project (R)": "Public Sentiment Institute", 198 "The Tarrance Group (R)": "Tarrance Group (R)", 199 "The Trafalgar Group (R)": "Trafalgar Group (R)", 200 "The Tyson Group (R)": "Tyson Group (R)", 201 "The Washington Post": "Washington Post / Ipsos", 202 "TIPP": "TIPP Insights (R)", 203 "TIPP Insights": "TIPP Insights (R)", 204 "TIPP Insights (R) / SurveyUSA": "TIPP Insights (R) / SurveyUSA (D)", 205 "TIPP, SurveyUSA": "TIPP Insights (R) / SurveyUSA (D)", 206 "TIPP/SurveyUSA": "TIPP Insights (R) / SurveyUSA (D)", 207 "Trafalgar": "Trafalgar Group (R)", 208 "Trafalgar Group": "Trafalgar Group (R)", 209 "Trafalgar Group / InsiderAdvantage": "Trafalgar Group / InsiderAdvantage (R)", 210 "Trafalgar/InsiderAdvantage": "Trafalgar Group / InsiderAdvantage (R)", 211 "TSU": "Texas Southern University", 212 "Tulchin Research": "Tulchin Research (D)", 213 "Tulchin Research (B-)": "Tulchin Research (D)", 214 "Tyson Group": "Tyson Group (R)", 215 "UC Berkeley": "University of California, Berkeley", 216 "UGA School of Public & International Affairs": "University of Georgia", 217 "UMass": "University of Massachusetts Amherst / YouGov", 218 "UMass Amherst/YouGov": "University of Massachusetts Amherst / YouGov", 219 "UMass Lowell": "University of Massachusetts Lowell", 220 "UNF": "University of North Florida", 221 "University of Houston": "University of Houston / Texas Southern University", 222 "University of Houston/Texas Southern University": "University of Houston / Texas Southern University", 223 "University of Houston/YouGov": "University of Houston / YouGov", 224 "University of Texas/Texas Politics Project": "University of Texas / Texas Politics Project", 225 "UpOne Insights": "UpOne Insights (R)", 226 "UpONE Insights (R)": "UpOne Insights (R)", 227 "Upswing Research": "Upswing Research (D)", 228 "UT Tyler": "Univeristy of Texas at Tyler", 229 "Vanderbilt": "Vanderbilt University", 230 "Victory Enterprises": "Victory Enterprises (R)", 231 "Victory Insights": "Victory Insights (R)", 232 "Victory Phones (R)": "Victory Insights (R)", 233 "Victory Research": "Victory Insights (R)", 234 "VictoryPhones": "Victory Insights (R)", 235 "Virginia Project / Public Sentiment Institute": "Public Sentiment Institute", 236 "Voter Sciences": "Voter Sciences (R)", 237 "Wash Post/Ipsos": "Washington Post / Ipsos", 238 "Washington Post/Schar": "Washington Post / Schar School", 239 "Wave Polling": "Wave Polling / Verasight", 240 "Wave Polling (Verasight)": "Wave Polling / Verasight", 241 "Wick": "Wick Insights", 242 "Wolfson": "David J Wolfson", 243 "Workbench Strategy": "Workbench Strategy (D)", 244 "WPA Intelligence": "WPA Intelligence (R)", 245 "Yahoo News": "Yahoo / YouGov", 246 "Yale Youth Poll[av]": "Yale Youth Poll", 247 "yes. every kid.": "yes. every kid. (D)", 248 "YouGov (BGSU)": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 249 "YouGov (Bowling Green)": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 250 "YouGov (Economist)": "Economist / YouGov", 251 "YouGov (Elon)": "Elon University / YouGov", 252 "YouGov / Texas Southern University": "Texas Southern University / YouGov", 253 "YouGov(BGSU)": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 254 "YouGov(Bowling Green)": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 255 "YouGov(Economist)": "Economist / YouGov", 256 "YouGov(Elon)": "Elon University / YouGov", 257 "YouGov/ The Times": "The Times / YouGov", 258 "YouGov/BGSU": "Bowling Green State University / YouGov", 259 "YouGov/CBS News": "CBS News / YouGov", 260 "YouGov/Economist": "Economist / YouGov", 261 "YouGov/Elon": "Elon University / YouGov", 262 "YouGov/Texas Southern University": "Texas Southern University / YouGov", 263 "YouGov/The Times": "The Times / YouGov",
264 "YouGov/Yahoo": "Yahoo / YouGov", 265 "Z to A Research": "Z to A Research (D)", 266 "Zenith Polls": "Zenith Research (D)", 267 "Zenith Research": "Zenith Research (D)" 268}; 269 270 ET.POLLSTER_LEAN_BY_SLUG = { 271 "1892-polling": "R", 272 "abacus-data": "R", 273 "advantage-inc": "R", 274 "american-opportunity-alliance": "R", 275 "american-pulse-research-polling": "R", 276 "beacon-research": "D", 277 "big-data-poll": "R", 278 "blueprint-polling": "D", 279 "change-research": "D", 280 "clarity-campaign-labs": "D", 281 "cole-hargrave-snodgrass-associates": "R", 282 "concord-public-opinion-partners": "D", 283 "cor-strategies": "R", 284 "crosby-for-congress": "D", 285 "cygnal": "R", 286 "daily-mail-j-l-partners": "R", 287 "data-targeting": "R", 288 "dccc": "D", 289 "data-for-progress": "D", 290 "david-binder-research": "D", 291 "deep-root-analytics": "R", 292 "emc-research": "D", 293 "echelon-insights": "R", 294 "evitarus": "D", 295 "fm3-research": "D", 296 "fabrizio-lee-associates": "R", 297 "first-tuesday-strategies": "R", 298 "frederick-polls": "D", 299 "gbao": "D", 300 "gqr": "D", 301 "global-strategy-group": "D", 302 "grayhouse": "R", 303 "guidant-polling-and-strategy": "R", 304 "hit-strategies": "D", 305 "hart-research-d-public-opinion-strategies": "R", 306 "harper-polling": "R", 307 "grassroots-targeting": "R", 308 "hart-research": "D", 309 "hoffman-research-group": "R", 310 "honan-strategy-group": "D", 311 "hunt-research": "R", 312 "impact-research": "D", 313 "insideradvantage": "R", 314 "investor-s-business-daily-tipp-insights": "R", 315 "issues-insights-tipp-insights": "R", 316 "j-l-partners": "R", 317 "john-zogby-strategies": "D", 318 "kaconsulting": "R", 319 "kaplan-strategies": "R", 320 "kreate-strategies": "R", 321 "lake-research-partners": "D", 322 "lake-research-partners-slingshot-strategies": "D", 323 "mdw-communications": "D", 324 "maine-people-s-resource-center": "D", 325 "manhattan-institute": "R", 326 "mclaughlin-associates": "R", 327 "meeting-street-insights": "R", 328 "national-republican-senatorial-committee": "R", 329 "national-public-affairs": "R", 330 "national-research-inc": "R", 331 "neighborhood-research": "R", 332 "nextgen-p": "R", 333 "nicopac": "R", 334 "onmessage-public-strategies": "R", 335 "opinion-diagnostics": "R", 336 "osage-research": "R", 337 "patriot-polling": "R", 338 "peak-insights": "R", 339 "plymouth-union-public-research": "R", 340 "public-opinion-strategies": "R", 341 "public-policy-polling": "D", 342 "pulse-opinion-research": "R", 343 "quantus-insights": "R", 344 "rbi-strategies-research": "D", 345 "ragnar-research-partners": "R", 346 "rasmussen-reports": "R", 347 "remington-research-group": "R", 348 "rosetta-stone-communications": "R", 349 "schoen-cooperman-research": "D", 350 "slingshot-strategies": "D", 351 "socal-strategies": "R", 352 "stratus-intelligence": "R", 353 "surveyusa": "D", 354 "susquehanna-polling-research": "R", 355 "tipp-insights": "R", 356 "tipp-insights-r-surveyusa": "D", 357 "tarrance-group": "R", 358 "targetsmart": "D", 359 "tavern-research": "D", 360 "tyson-group": "R", 361 "trafalgar-group": "R", 362 "trafalgar-group-insideradvantage": "R", 363 "tulchin-research": "D", 364 "upone-insights": "R", 365 "upswing-research": "D", 366 "victory-enterprises": "R", 367 "victory-insights": "R", 368 "voter-sciences": "R", 369 "wpa-intelligence": "R", 370 "workbench-strategy": "D", 371 "z-to-a-research": "D", 372 "zenith-research": "D", 373 "co-efficient": "R", 374 "yes-every-kid": "D", 375 "american-pulse-research": "R", 376 "concord-public-opinion": "D", 377 "insideradvantage-r-rosetta-stone": "R", 378 "lake-research-partners-d-slingshot-strategies": "D", 379 "mdw": "D", 380 "nrsc": "R", 381 "national-research": "R", 382 "onmessage-inc": "R", 383 "plymouth-union-public": "R", 384 "pulse-decision-science": "R", 385 "rosetta-stone-comm": "R", 386 "the-tarrance-group": "R", 387 "the-tyson-group": "R", 388 "the-trafalgar-group": "R", 389 "victory-phones": "R", 390 "the-public-sentiment-institute-virginia-project": "R" 391}; 392 393 ET.pollsterSlug = function (name) { 394 return String(name || '') 395 .toLowerCase() 396 .replace(/\s*\([dri]\)\s*$/i, '') 397 .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '-') 398 .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, ''); 399 }; 400 401 ET.normalizePollster = function (raw) { 402 if (raw == null || raw === '') return 'â'; 403 var s = typeof ET.stripPollsterAsterisks === 'function' 404 ? ET.stripPollsterAsterisks(raw) 405 : String(raw).replace(/\*+/g, '').replace(/\[av\]/gi, '').trim(); 406 if (!s) return 'â'; 407 if (ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES && ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES[s]) { 408 s = ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES[s]; 409 } else { 410 var gradeMatch = s.match(/^(.+?)\s*\(([A-F][+-])\)\s*$/i) || 411 s.match(/^(.+?)\s*\(([ABCF])\)\s*$/i); 412 if (gradeMatch) { 413 var gBase = gradeMatch[1].trim(); 414 if (ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES && ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES[gBase]) { 415 s = ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES[gBase]; 416 } else { 417 s = gBase; 418 } 419 } 420 } 421 var lean = s.match(/^(.*)\s*\(([^)]+)\)\s*$/); 422 var base = s; 423 var tag = ''; 424 if (lean) { 425 base = lean[1].trim(); 426 tag = String(lean[2] || '').trim().toUpperCase(); 427 if (tag === 'D' || tag === 'R') { 428 /* keep for now; known lean map may still consolidate */ 429 } else if (/^[A-F][+-]?$/.test(tag)) { 430 s = base; 431 tag = ''; 432 } else { 433 s = base; 434 tag = ''; 435 } 436 } 437 var slug = ET.pollsterSlug(base || s); 438 var known = ET.POLLSTER_LEAN_BY_SLUG && ET.POLLSTER_LEAN_BY_SLUG[slug];
439 if (known) return (base || s) + ' (' + known + ')'; 440 if (tag === 'D' || tag === 'R') return base + ' (' + tag + ')'; 441 return s; 442 }; 443 444 ET.POLLSTER_CANONICAL_LIST = (function () { 445 var set = {}; 446 var a = ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES || {}; 447 Object.keys(a).forEach(function (k) { set[a[k]] = 1; }); 448 Object.values(a).forEach(function (v) { set[v] = 1; }); 449 return Object.keys(set).sort(function (x, y) { return x.localeCompare(y); }); 450 })(); 451 452 ET.POLLSTER_GROUPS = (function () { 453 var groups = {}; 454 var a = ET.POLLSTER_ALIASES || {}; 455 Object.keys(a).forEach(function (variant) { 456 var canon = a[variant]; 457 if (!groups[canon]) groups[canon] = []; 458 if (groups[canon].indexOf(variant) === -1) groups[canon].push(variant); 459 }); 460 Object.keys(groups).forEach(function (canon) { 461 if (groups[canon].indexOf(canon) === -1) groups[canon].unshift(canon); 462 groups[canon].sort(); 463 }); 464 return groups; 465 })(); 466})();
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.