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https://imha.info/tag/news/

html imha.info collected 2026-10-02 10:50:29 UTC 137,797 bytes, 1,235 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8">
5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
7<link rel="pingback" href="https://imha.info/xmlrpc.php">
8
9<title>News &#8211; IMHA</title>
10<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
11
12<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
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19function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) {
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25function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() {
26	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" );
27	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
28	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
29	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" );
30	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" );
31	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" );
32}
33
34// Watch for messages back from the remote login
35window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) {
36	if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) {
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49			var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ );
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61					+ '&host=' + window.location.protocol
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63					+ '&postid=1351'
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68			return;
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71		// Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect
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90			return;
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97			// Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob
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120
121			var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } ';
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132		if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) {
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137
138// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load
139// more critical resources
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144	iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
145	iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php"
146		+ "?wpcom_remote_login=key"
147		+ "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWhhLmluZm8%3D"
148		+ "&wpcomid=138265885"
149		+ "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 );
150	document.body.appendChild( iframe );
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152
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155<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
156<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IMHA &raquo; Feed" href="https://imha.info/feed/" />
157<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IMHA &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://imha.info/comments/feed/" />
158<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IMHA &raquo; News Tag Feed" href="https://imha.info/tag/news/feed/" />
159	
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411				<h1 class="page-title">Tag: <span>News</span></h1>			</header><!-- .page-header -->
412
413						
414				
415<article id="post-1351" class="post-1351 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized tag-maritimehistory tag-history tag-news tag-politics">
416
417	
418	<header class="entry-header">
419		
420		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2026/03/09/volume-38-issue-1-february-2026/" rel="bookmark">Volume 38 Issue 1, February&nbsp;2026</a></h2>
421				<div class="entry-meta">
422			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2026/03/09/volume-38-issue-1-february-2026/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-03-09T12:06:00+00:00">March 9, 2026</time><time class="updated" datetime="2026-03-09T12:06:25+00:00">March 9, 2026</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ejbircha5f291b02f/">ejbircha5f291b02f</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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424
425
426			<div class="entry-content">
427
428			
429<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Please see below our editorial of the latest publication. </p>
430
431
432
433<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
434
435
436
437<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Maritime History</em>&nbsp;welcomes all readers to 2026 with a Forum entitled&nbsp;<em>The Rescuing Sovereign at Sea: Historical Perspectives on Maritime Law, Morals, and Politics</em>. This Forum brings together a set of historically rich and conceptually ambitious contributions that address a deceptively simple question: what does it mean to rescue life at sea? Across different periods and regions, maritime rescue has never been merely a technical or humanitarian undertaking. Rather, it has been a dense site in which law, morality, politics, and sovereignty have intersected, clashed, and co-evolved. The Forum&#8217;s central proposition is that the sea has long functioned as a laboratory for the articulation of sovereign power, while practices of lifesaving have simultaneously challenged and reinforced state authority and legitimacy.</p>
438
439
440
441<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The contributions approach both rescue and sovereignty not as abstract principles but as historically constituted through concrete practices, institutional arrangements, normative orders, and cultural symbolism. From nineteenth-century lifeboat organisations and imperial infrastructures to international conventions and contemporary border regimes, the articles show how saving lives at sea has been bound up with questions of jurisdiction, responsibility, hierarchy, and moral obligation. Taken together, they situate maritime rescue within broader debates on humanitarianism, empire, international law, and the limits of sovereign power.</p>
442
443
444
445<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Ron Po&#8217;s article opens the Forum by shifting attention beyond the familiar Euro-Atlantic narratives of organised lifesaving. Drawing on extensive research into charitable history and volunteerism in late Qing China, Po reconstructs the practices and principles of the Zhengnitang, a local organisation devoted to rescuing people from drowning. While lifesaving has often been framed as part of a global nineteenth-century humanitarian movement originating in Europe, Po demonstrates that Chinese societies developed their own sophisticated and enduring models of rescue. Crucially, he situates these practices within both national and transnational contexts, arguing that Chinese lifesaving organisations influenced European counterparts during the long nineteenth century, even as global humanitarian discourses also fed back into Chinese practices. In doing so, the article complicates linear diffusionist accounts of humanitarian modernity and highlights the multiplicity of moral and organisational traditions underpinning rescue at sea and on inland waterways.</p>
446
447
448
449<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Nebiha Guiga&#8217;s contribution examines another foundational moment in the institutionalisation of maritime rescue: the creation of the Société Centrale de Sauvetage des Naufragés (SCSN) in France in 1865. Although formally a private humanitarian organisation, the SCSN was deeply entangled with the Napoleonic state. Its first president was an admiral, and it benef
449ited from substantial patronage by Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie. Guiga explores how these state connections shaped the early life of the organisation, focusing on the political meanings embedded in patterns of donation. Through a quantitative analysis of the 5170 initial contributors, the article reveals complex networks of donors whose motivations ranged from philanthropic commitment to alignment with imperial maritime policy. The tension between presenting lifesaving as a universal humanitarian cause and mobilising it as a tool of political legitimacy is central here, underscoring how rescue could serve simultaneously moral, social, and sovereign ends.</p>
450
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453<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Lukas Schemper&#8217;s article extends the Forum&#8217;s focus on sovereignty by analysing nineteenth-century maritime safety as a so-called ‘standard of civilisation’. In imperial and semi-imperial contexts, the ability to control maritime hazards, ensure safe navigation, and organise rescue was increasingly treated as a criterion for full sovereign status. Failure to meet this standard could justify external intervention or derogation of sovereignty. Through three case studies (Cape Guardafui, Cape Spartel and the Bosporus Strait) Schemper traces how trans-imperial projects at key chokepoints of global navigation produced different configurations of sovereignty. Some arrangements reflected vertical hierarchies between imperial powers and states deemed less than fully sovereign; others embodied more horizontal forms of shared or pooled sovereignty among empires. Maritime safety thus emerges as both a technical problem and an argumentative resource in the negotiation of imperial order.</p>
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457<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Henning Trüper&#8217;s contribution offers a genealogical exploration of the normative orders governing maritime lifesaving since around 1800. Rather than assuming a smooth convergence between morality and law, Trüper identifies a series of ruptures. First, humanitarianism is presented as a symbolic break within established moral cultures, introducing new expectations about the value of human life and the obligation to save it. Second, the law imposed another rupture by seeking to codify and regulate these humanitarian impulses. Yet this legalisation remained incomplete and fractured, shaped by diverse and sometimes conflicting legal traditions. By tracing these layered ruptures, the article connects present-day normative disorder – visible in contemporary controversies over rescue at sea – to earlier historical trajectories, reminding readers that the uneasy relationship between law and morality in maritime rescue has deep roots.</p>
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461<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Gard Paulsen&#8217;s article centres on one of the most iconic maritime disasters of the twentieth century: the sinking of the&nbsp;<em>Titanic</em>. The catastrophe prompted the drafting of the first International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) in 1914. Paulsen examines the convention not only as a response to tragedy but as a culmination of nineteenth-century maritime legal developments. The obligation to ‘proceed to the assistance of the persons in distress’ has often been interpreted as a foundational moment in the emergence of an international legal duty to rescue. Paulsen complicates this view by showing how SOLAS combined elements of sovereignty, public responsibility, private authority, and international cooperation that were already characteristic of maritime law. Rescue obligations thus appear less as a radical innovation than as the crystallisation of longer-standing legal and political arrangements.</p>
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465<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Irial Glynn&#8217;s article brings the Forum&#8217;s themes into the late twentieth century, examining responses to boat refugees between 1979 and 2001. Glynn argues that state practices at sea were shaped by shifting configurations of sovereignty and solidarity. When rescuing boat refugees aligned with foreign policy objectives and prevailing moral sensibilities, states demonstrated prolonged and highly visible solidarity. When such conditions were absent, however, governments exploited the legal ambiguities of the sea to intercept, repatriate, or confine refugees in offshore detention centres beyond the reach of national courts. These practices, Glynn suggests, were designed to ‘rescue’ territorial sovereignty by asserting control over borders. Yet they produced a striking paradox: in seeking to preserve sovereignty through dramatic maritime spectacles, states frequently undermined both national and international law.</p>
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469<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Beyond the Forum, this issue includes two Research Notes that further demonstrate the journal&#8217;s commitment to methodological innovation and interdisciplinary engagement. Gleb Zilberstein, Svetalan Zilberstein, and John McNeill explore the relationship between the ocean routes of the Age of Great Geographic Discoveries and the contemporary distribution of microplastics and plastic debris. By linking early modern maritime circulation with present environmental challenges, the note highlights the longue durée of human impact on the oceans. Gustav Ängeby&#8217;s Research Note addresses the methodological challenges of measuring wartime economies of European shipping between c. 1750 and 1815, offering new approaches to quantifying maritime activity in periods of conflict. The issue is rounded out by a diverse set of book reviews that reflect the breadth and vitality of current scholarship in maritime history.</p>
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473<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Collectively, the contributions to this issue invite readers to rethink rescue at sea not as a self-evident moral act but as a historically contingent practice deeply embedded in structures of power and meaning. By foregrounding sovereignty (imperial, national, shared, and contested), the Forum demonstrates that lifesaving has long been a site where humanitarian ideals are negotiated against political interests and legal frameworks. At a moment when maritime rescue remains fiercely debated in public and political arenas, these historical perspectives offer essential context. They remind us that the dilemmas faced today are neither unprecedented nor easily resolved, but part of a long and complex history in which saving lives at sea has always been inseparable from questions of who governs, who is responsible, and on what moral and legal grounds.</p>
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481<p class="wp-block-paragraph">You can read more of the content for this publication via the following link: </p>
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485<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/IJH/current">https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/IJH/current</a></p>
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504				<a href="https://imha.info/2024/10/22/leith-built-ships/"><img width="600" height="847" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image-1.jpg?w=600" class="attachment-toujours-featured size-toujours-featured wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image-1.jpg 600w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image-1.jpg?w=106 106w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image-1.jpg?w=213 213w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100v
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508	<header class="entry-header">
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510		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2024/10/22/leith-built-ships/" rel="bookmark">Leith-Built Ships</a></h2>
511				<div class="entry-meta">
512			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2024/10/22/leith-built-ships/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-10-22T07:57:37+00:00">October 22, 2024</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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519<h4 class="wp-block-heading"></h4>
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523<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><a href="https://www.whittlespublishing.com/Henry_Robb_Ltd_1945-1965">R. O. Neish, Henry Robb Ltd. (1945-1965). Leith Built Ships, Vol. III</a></strong><br></p>
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527<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The story of Leith–built ships continues in this third volume from just after the conclusion of World War Two to 1965. However, the world was different; the men came back from the front and those women who had been working in the shipyards lost their jobs.</p>
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531<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-attachment-id="650" data-permalink="https://imha.info/2024/10/22/leith-built-ships/image/" data-orig-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg" data-orig-size="600,847" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="image" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg?w=600" width="600" height="847" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg?w=600" alt="" class="wp-image-650" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg 600w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg?w=106 106w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image.jpg?w=213 213w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></figure>
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535<p class="wp-block-paragraph">All shipyards were experiencing full order books, replacing, or repairing ships lost or damaged in the conflict, but the industry was changing albeit slowly at <a></a>first. The advent of electric welding would eventually change the way ships were built leading to the demise of the Rivet Squad, which was replaced as a cost cutting exercise as it became the accepted method of ship construction.</p>
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539<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Henry Robb Shipyard participated in the massive new shipbuilding programme with a great many vessels being ordered from two of the largest customers of the yard. Many orders came from the giant Ellerman Lines, while a great many more were ordered by other customers, such as the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand. The Admiralty also remained a customer and a few large supply ships would be built in this time.</p>
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543<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In this volume the author has not forgotten the people who were the very fabric of the yard and community. Personal accounts are included from those who built or sailed on these vessels.</p>
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547<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This is the story of a mighty industry, but one which nonetheless had begun its decline. In the century from 1893, this nation went from producing 80% of all the worlds’ commercial ships to producing no commercial ships at all. It is a sad fact, but this volume keeps alive the story of the Leith-built ships and the vibrant industry that once existed.</p>
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551<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The May 2024 issue of IJMH includes a review by Colin J. Davis. Read it here (subscription needed): <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08438714241232481?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR0BlFJBfu54TvrZneDaHCloKCQWOW6yHTROTdsb1hMUqi04kpc0oFgwrjQ_aem_8wEzgH9LdVImZfygQRsTcQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://journals.sagepub.com/&#8230;/10.1177/08438714241232481</a></p>
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566				<a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/12/8th-imha-international-congress-of-maritime-history/"><img width="940" height="355" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=940" class="attachment-toujours-featured size-toujours-featured wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=940 940w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=1880 1880w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=150 150w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=300 300w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=768 768w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=1024 1024
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567			</span>
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570	<header class="entry-header">
571		
572		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/12/8th-imha-international-congress-of-maritime-history/" rel="bookmark">8TH IMHA International Congress of Maritime&nbsp;History</a></h2>
573				<div class="entry-meta">
574			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/12/8th-imha-international-congress-of-maritime-history/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-03-12T18:28:21+00:00">March 12, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2019-07-15T14:03:37+00:00">July 15, 2019</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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580			<p><img data-attachment-id="328" data-permalink="https://imha.info/2019/03/12/8th-imha-international-congress-of-maritime-history/header_home_v02/" data-orig-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg" data-orig-size="1905,720" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="header_home_v02" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=760" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-328" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg" alt="header_home_v02" width="1905" height="720" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg 1905w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=150&amp;h=57 150w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=300&amp;h=113 300w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=768&amp;h=290 768w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=387 1024w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/header_home_v02.jpg?w=1440&amp;h=544 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></p>
581<p style="text-align:justify;">The Organizing Committee appointed by the International Maritime History Association invites proposals for panels and papers to be presented at IMHA’s 8th International Congress of Maritime History in Porto, to be hosted by CITCEM – U. PORTO (Transdisciplinary Research Centre Culture, Space and Memory – University of Porto) on June 30 – July 03, 2020.</p>
582<p style="text-align:justify;">The main theme will be “Old and New Uses of the Oceans”, and the aim is to investigate the many aspects of the relationship between humans and the oceans. We sail the surface of the oceans, harvest their resources, and exploit the minerals on and under the ocean floor. The oceans are also used as inspiration, for literature and other forms of art, and they shape relations among humans – both distant and close ones.</p>
583<p style="text-align:justify;">As with previous congresses, ICMH8 adopts a broad concept of maritime history, treating it as an interdisciplinary field that covers all historical periods and areas and all aspects of humankind’s relationship with the sea.<br />
584Papers will be welcome on a wide range of research areas reflecting people and their activities and interest in, on, around and under the waters of the world. The Organizing Committee also welcomes proposals for full panels and roundtables.</p>
585<p style="text-align:justify;">
585The Congress theme provides opportunities for researchers to share their work with colleagues in their various areas of interest and with researchers in adjoining fields.</p>
586<p style="text-align:justify;">Participants are invited to submit a short proposal in English indicating the scope of their intended paper, panel or roundtable, plus short biographical notes for all prospective participants.</p>
587<p style="text-align:justify;">Papers from the Congress will be considered for publication by the International Maritime History Association in its International Journal of Maritime History.</p>
588<p>The official website of the Congress is <a href="https://imha2020.com/" rel="nofollow">https://imha2020.com/</a></p>
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603				<a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/frank-broeze-prize-for-outstanding-doctoral-thesis-in-maritime-history-2/"><img width="359" height="270" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg?w=359" class="attachment-toujours-featured size-toujours-featured wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg 359w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg?w=150 150w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg?w=300 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px" data-attachment-id="132" data-permalink="https://imha.info/founders/frank-broeze/" data-orig-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg" data-orig-size="359,270" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Frank-Broeze" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/frank-broeze.jpg?w=359" /></a>
604			</span>
605		</div>
606	
607	<header class="entry-header">
608		
609		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/frank-broeze-prize-for-outstanding-doctoral-thesis-in-maritime-history-2/" rel="bookmark">Frank Broeze Prize for Outstanding Doctoral Thesis in Maritime&nbsp;History</a></h2>
610				<div class="entry-meta">
611			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/frank-broeze-prize-for-outstanding-doctoral-thesis-in-maritime-history-2/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-03-10T19:17:36+00:00">March 10, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-10-25T15:42:05+00:00">October 25, 2022</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
612			</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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617			<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>International Maritime History Association</strong><br />
618<strong>Frank Broeze Prize for&nbsp;Outstanding Doctoral Thesis in Maritime History</strong></p>
619<p style="text-align:justify;">Professor Frank Broeze was one of the leading maritime historians of his generation. In his honour, the International Maritime History Association has instituted the Frank Broeze Prize to be awarded to the author of a doctoral thesis which, in the opinion of the panel, makes the most outstanding contribution to the study of maritime history.</p>
620<p style="text-align:justify;">As befitting Frank’s visionary approach to the field, maritime history encompasses all aspects of the historical interaction of human societies and the sea. The panel of judges will therefore consider works that focus on the maritime dimensions of economic, social, cultural, political, technological and environmental history.<br />
621The Frank Broeze Prize carries with it a cash award of €500 and free registration at the Eighth International Congress of Maritime History in Porto, Portugal, 2020. To be considered for this prestigious award, those who have completed a doctoral thesis between 1 September 2015 and 31 August 2019 are invited to submit a copy of their thesis for c
621onsideration. If the thesis is written in a language other than English, the entrant should provide a summary of their work (minimum 10,000 words) in English.</p>
622<p style="text-align:justify;">The judges will apply the following criteria in deciding the winner of the prize:<br />
623• Contribution to knowledge and understanding of the maritime past;<br />
624• Originality of approach, source material and/or findings;<br />
625• Depth and coherence of argument;<br />
626• Choice and application of methodology;<br />
627• Presentational and stylistic quality.</p>
628<p style="text-align:justify;">Eligible candidates should submit their entries, including a letter of support from their supervisor, via e-mail attachment to each of the panel members no later than 15 September 2019. The winner will be notified as early as possible in 2020, and the&nbsp;prize will be awarded at the Congress in Porto.</p>
629<p style="text-align:justify;">For this competition, there will be a panel of five judges:<br />
630Maria Fusaro (University of Exeter); [email protected]<br />
631Gelina Harlaftis (Ionian University); [email protected]<br />
632Ingo Heidbrink (Old Dominion University); [email protected]<br />
633Graeme Milne (University of Liverpool); [email protected]<br />
634Malcolm Tull (Murdoch University); [email protected]</p>
635<p>&nbsp;</p>
636<p>&nbsp;</p>
637
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651				<a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/latest-issue-of-ijmh-february-2019/"><img width="736" height="878" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg?w=736" class="attachment-toujours-featured size-toujours-featured wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg 736w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg?w=126 126w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg?w=251 251w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px" data-attachment-id="281" data-permalink="https://imha.info/2017/11/10/new-issue-of-ijmh/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals/" data-orig-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg" data-orig-size="736,878" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b&amp;#8211;new-books-journals" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/37ff21e1d3cf003f11c99f27f3800e8b-new-books-journals-e1511980494550.jpg?w=736" /></a>
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656		
657		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/latest-issue-of-ijmh-february-2019/" rel="bookmark">Latest issue of IJMH, February&nbsp;2019</a></h2>
658				<div class="entry-meta">
659			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2019/03/10/latest-issue-of-ijmh-february-2019/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-03-10T19:12:59+00:00">March 10, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2019-03-12T19:03:47+00:00">March 12, 2019</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
660			</header><!-- .entry-header -->
661
662
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664
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666<p>&nbsp;</p>
667<p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/IJH/current" rel="nofollow">https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/IJH/current</a></p>
668<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
669<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Volume 31 Issue 1, February 2019</strong></p>
670<p>&nbsp;</p>
671<p style="text-align:center;">Editorial</p>
672<p style="text-align:center;">David J. Starkey</p>
673<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Articles</strong></p>
674<p style="text-align:center;">The first voyage of Giovanni da Empoli to India: Mercantile culture, Christian faith, and the early production of knowledge about Portuguese Asia</p>
675<p style="text-align:center;">Matteo Salonia</p>
676<p style="text-align:center;">Quo patet orbis Dei: Dutch Deputies for maritime affairs and their global network in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries</p>
677<p style="text-align:center;">(Leon) van den Broeke, J.C.A. (Joost) Schokkenbroek</p>
678<p style="text-align:center;">Profits from under the water: The international blubber market, Russian monopolistic companies and the idea of whaling development in the eighteenth century</p>
679<p style="text-align:center;">Alexei Kraikovski</p>
680<p style="text-align:center;">The anti-piracy activities of the Nguyen Dynasty in the South China Sea, 1802–1858</p>
681<p style="text-align:center;">Nguyen Thi My Hanh</p>
682<p style="text-align:center;">Chr. Christensen and C. A. Larsen: A comparative analysis of two whaling entrepreneurs</p>
683<p style="text-align:center;">Bjørn L. Basberg</p>
684<p style="text-align:center;">Sibling rivalry, shipping innovation and litigation: Henry Burrell and the ‘Straightback Steamship’</p>
685<p style="text-align:center;">Martin Bellamy</p>
686<p style="text-align:center;">When does war end? Armistice and the Prize Courts of the twentieth century</p>
687<p style="text-align:center;">Sarah Craze</p>
688<p style="text-align:center;">From wooden pigeons to Telstar: Precursors of modern maritime satellite communications</p>
689<p style="text-align:center;">Dimov Stojce Ilcev</p>
690<p style="text-align:center;">The development of maritime satellite communications since 1976</p>
691<p style="text-align:center;">Dimov Stojce Ilcev</p>
692<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Book Reviews</strong></p>
693
694			
695		</div><!-- .entry-content -->
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704
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707				<a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/vision-and-mission-of-the-imha/"><img width="940" height="627" src="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=940" class="attachment-toujours-featured size-toujours-featured wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=940 940w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=150 150w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=300 300w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=768 768w, https://imha.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1200px-rethymno_-_venetian_fortress.jpg?w=1024 1024
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708			</span>
709		</div>
710	
711	<header class="entry-header">
712		
713		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/vision-and-mission-of-the-imha/" rel="bookmark">Centre of Maritime History, Institute for Mediterranean&nbsp;Studies</a></h2>
714				<div class="entry-meta">
715			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/vision-and-mission-of-the-imha/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2017-11-07T18:25:52+00:00">November 7, 2017</time><time class="updated" datetime="2017-11-10T16:15:38+00:00">November 10, 2017</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
716			</header><!-- .entry-header -->
717
718
719			<div class="entry-content">
720
721			<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Establishment of the new Centre of Maritime History at the Institute for Mediterranean Studies</strong><br />
722The Institute for Mediterranean Studies of the Foundation of Research and Technology &#8211; Hellas based in Rethymnon, Crete, Greece, announces the foundation of a new Centre for Maritime History Studies headed by the Director of the IMS/FORTH Professor Gelina Harlaftis. The aim of the Centre is to expand research on a broad range of topics of Maritime History related to the areas of the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and beyond, having the global, interdisciplinary and comparative studies in the epicenter.<br />
723The Centre will provide the necessary resources for young and experienced scholars to carry out their research in a stimulating and encouraging environment. Among these resources will be digital data bases and archives, a specialized library, and a cohesive and experienced group of researchers working in maritime history. Furthermore, the Center will devote funding resources to attract talented Ph.D. students who are willing to pursue research on maritime history. The Centre will also organize workshops, conferences and lectures in order to provide academic meetings on a regular basis and opportunities for scholars to discuss research problems and questions and exchange ideas for further research development.<br />
724The first workshop titled &#8220;What is Maritime History?&#8221; to be organized by the new Centre will take place on 25-26 April 2018 where leading maritime historians will inaugurate the Centre and will discuss developments in Maritime History in the last 20 years.<br />
725The new Center of Maritime History in Crete already hosts two ongoing research projects of IMS/FORTH in Maritime History.<br />
726The first is the ERC STG 2016 project entitled “Seafaring Lives in Transition. Mediterranean Maritime Labour and Shipping during Globalization, 1850s-1920s”, directed by Dr Apostolos Delis in partnership with the Universities of Barcelona, Genoa and Aix-Marseilles, and will last from 2017 to 2021. It is worth noting that Dr Apostolos Delis is the first Greek historian to have received an ERC grant. The project explores the transition from sail to steam navigation and the effects of this technological innovation on seafaring populations in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, between the 1850s and the 1920s, whose lives were drastically changed by the advent of the steam.<br />
727The second project is entitled &#8220;Onassis Business History&#8221; and is directed by Gelina Harlaftis, with post-doc Dr Alexandra Papadopoulou, and will run during the peri
727od 2017-2020. The project is funded by the Onassis Foundation. It is rather impressive that despite the global reach of Aristotle Onassis, there is not one extensive study of his business edifice based on archival materials and not one to analyze the scope and impact of his entrepreneurial activity in Greece or abroad, either of his shipping business, or of Olympic Airways. In this way, the aim of this research project is twofold: the creation of the Onassis Archive and the writing of Onassis Business History.</p>
728
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739
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743			</span>
744		</div>
745	
746	<header class="entry-header">
747		
748		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content/" rel="bookmark">Mechanisms of Global Empire Building in the First Global&nbsp;Age</a></h2>
749				<div class="entry-meta">
750			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2017-11-07T15:36:36+00:00">November 7, 2017</time><time class="updated" datetime="2017-11-10T16:09:03+00:00">November 10, 2017</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
751			</header><!-- .entry-header -->
752
753
754			<div class="entry-content">
755
756			<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Mechanisms of Global Empire Building in the First Global Age</em>, edited by Amélia Polónia<br />
757and Cátia Antunes, 2017.<br />
758This book maps out the crucial mechanisms of global empire building during the Early Modern period and poses at center stage global exchanges between, across and among individuals and empires. The book focuses on instances in which individuals or groups systematically looked for ways to connect beyond the territorial and institutional limitations imposed by their respective empires. In doing so, it showcases a set of clear mechanisms of individual and collective agency. They challenged, cooperated with, or represented imperial interests, in what should be perceived as a sliding scale of individual behaviours and motivations, rather than an absolute stance run by central powers. How did people connect empires and what happened to empires as a result? How did individual and collective agency contribute to the constitution of global maritime empires during the Early Modern period?</p>
759<p style="text-align:justify;">This book will answer these questions by looking at the role individuals played in the construction of ‘informal empires’, resulting from the enactment of a multitude of self-organized networks operating world-wide, whose main goal was safeguarding their personal social and economic advantages, sometimes cooperating with formal powers, frequently regardless of (and in spite of) state intervention.</p>
760
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771
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775			</span>
776		</div>
777	
778	<header class="entry-header">
779		
780		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content-2/" rel="bookmark">British Shipping in the Mediterranean during the Napoleonic&nbsp;Wars</a></h2>
781				<div class="entry-meta">
782			<span class="posted-on"><span>Published on <a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content-2/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2017-11-07T15:36:35+00:00">November 7, 2017</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-10-25T15:40:12+00:00">October 25, 2022</time></a></span></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://imha.info/author/ardcons/">Constantin Ardeleanu</a></span></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://imha.info/2017/11/07/featured-content-2/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
783			</header><!-- .entry-header -->
784
785
786			<div class="entry-content">
787
788			<p id="page-title" class="title" style="text-align:justify;"><em>British Shipping in the Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars. The Untold Story of a Successful Adaptation</em>, by Katerina Galani,&nbsp;<i>Ionian University</i></p>
789<p><a href="http://www.brill.com/products/book/british-shipping-mediterranean-during-napoleonic-wars">http://www.brill.com/products/book/british-shipping-mediterranean-during-napoleonic-wars&nbsp;</a></p>
790<div class="ds-1col node node-product full clearfix view-mode-full clearfix">
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799<p style="text-align:justify;">
799In&nbsp;<i>British shipping in the Mediterranean</i>&nbsp;Katerina Galani investigates the impact of the French and Napoleonic wars on British maritime economic activity. Due to the close cooperation of the public and private sector at sea, the British adopted flexible business strategies to mitigate economic warfare and sustain shipping and trade in the Mediterranean.<br />
800The book offers a comprehensive approach by combining the study of international relations, ports, ships, business organisation, deep-sea voyages and intra-Mediterranean navigation. Katerina Galani conceptualises the Mediterranean as an economic entity and she insightfully examines, for the first time, free traders along with the chartered&nbsp;<i>Levant Company</i>. Her analysis draws upon a unique collection of British and Mediterranean sources to construct a multifaceted view of British maritime activity.</p>
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884
885<script id="wpgroho-js-extra">
886var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""};
887//# sourceURL=wpgroho-js-extra
888</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 888
888
889<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script>
889
890
891	
891<script>
892		// Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars
893		( function() {
894			function init() {
895				if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) {
896					return;
897				}
898
899				if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) {
900					return;
901				}
902
903				Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) {
904					WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id );
905				};
906
907				Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash;
908				Gravatar.init(
909					'body',
910					'#wp-admin-bar-my-account',
911					{
912						i18n: {
913							'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →',
914							'View profile →': 'View profile →',
915							'Contact': 'Contact',
916							'Send money': 'Send money',
917							'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.',
918							'Gravatar not found.': 'Gravatar not found.',
919							'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.',
920							'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.',
921							'Is this you?': 'Is this you?',
922							'Claim your free profile.': 'Claim your free profile.',
923							'Email': 'Email',
924							'Home Phone': 'Home Phone',
925							'Work Phone': 'Work Phone',
926							'Cell Phone': 'Cell Phone',
927							'Contact Form': 'Contact Form',
928							'Calendar': 'Calendar',
929						},
930					}
931				);
932			}
933
934			if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) {
935				init();
936			} else {
937				document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init );
938			}
939		} )();
940	</script>
940
941
942		<div style="display:none">
943	</div>
944			<div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"
945				class="actnbr-pub-toujours" role="region" aria-label="Site actions">
946			<span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span>
947			<ul>
948										<li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden">
949										<a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href="" role="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false">
950				<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-bell" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 11.5c0 1.353.17 2.368.976 3 .266.209.602.376 1.024.5v1H5v-1c.422-.124.757-.291 1.024-.5.806-.632.976-1.647.976-3V9c0-2.8 2.2-5 5-5s5 2.2 5 5v2.5ZM15.5 9v2.5c0 .93.066 1.98.515 2.897l.053.103H7.932a4.018 4.018 0 0 0 .053-.103c.449-.917.515-1.967.515-2.897V9c0-1.972 1.528-3.5 3.5-3.5s3.5 1.528 3.5 3.5Zm-5.492 9.008c0-.176.023-.346.065-.508h3.854A1.996 1.996 0 0 1 12 20c-1.1 0-1.992-.892-1.992-1.992Z"/></svg>				<span>Subscribe</span>
951			</a>
952			<a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following  no-display" href="" role="button">
953				<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg>				<span>Subscribed</span>
954			</a>
955									<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Subscribe to IMHA">
956								<div class="actnbr-follow-bubble">
957								<div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://imha.info"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">IMHA</span></a></div>																	<div class="actnbr-panel__group">
958										<div class="actnbr-message no-display" aria-live="polite"></div>
959										<form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" class="no-display">
960																						<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Want updates? Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Email address" />
961											<input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" />
962											<input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="138265885" />
963											<input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://imha.info/tag/news/" />
964											<input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" />
965											<input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="e912505ffb" />											<button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Sign me up</button>
966										</form>
967										<p class="actnbr-login-nudge">
968											Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fimha.info%252F2026%252F03%252F09%252Fvolume-38-issue-1-february-2026%252F">Log in now.</a>										</p>
969									</div>
970																	</div>
971							</div>
972						</li>
973									<li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden">
974					<button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More options">
975						<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-more-horizontal" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M11 13h2v-2h-2v2zm-6 0h2v-2H5v2zm12-2v2h2v-2h-2z"/></svg>					</button>
976					<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Site options">
977						<div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://imha.info"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">IMHA</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/feeds/76244093"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">View site in Reader</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Manage subscriptions</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Sign up</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fimha.info%252F2026%252F03%252F09%252Fvolume-38-issue-1-february-2026%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Log in</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://imha.info" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Report this content</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-fold" href=""><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Collapse this bar</span></a></div>					</div>
978				</li>
979			</ul>
980		</div>
981		
981<script>
982window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function () {
983				var link = document.createElement( "link" );
984				link.href = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.css?ver=33ad88c8b02f7d5bc6d2";
985				link.rel = "stylesheet";
986				document.head.appendChild( link );
987
988				var script = document.createElement( "script" );
989				script.src = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.js?ver=33ad88c8b02f7d5bc6d2";
990				document.body.appendChild( script );
991			} );
992</script>
992
993<link rel="prefetch" href="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/blocks/swiper.js" as="script" />
994		<div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay" style="display: none;">
995			<div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper">
996				<span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span>
997			</div>
998		</div>
999		<div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;">
1000
1001		<div class="jp-carousel-container">
1002			<!-- The Carousel Swiper -->
1003			<div
1004				class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions"
1005				itemscope
1006				itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery">
1007				<div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div>
1008				<div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev">
1009					<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1010						<mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12">
1011							<path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/>
1012						</mask>
1013						<g mask="url(#maskPrev)">
1014							<rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1015						</g>
1016					</svg>
1017				</div>
1018				<div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next">
1019					<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1020						<mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12">
1021							<path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/>
1022						</mask>
1023						<g mask="url(#maskNext)">
1024							<rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1025						</g>
1026					</svg>
1027				</div>
1028			</div>
1029			<!-- The main close buton -->
1030			<div class="jp-carousel-close-hint">
1031				<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1032					<mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14">
1033						<path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/>
1034					</mask>
1035					<g mask="url(#maskClose)">
1036						<rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1037					</g>
1038				</svg>
1039			</div>
1040			<!-- Image info, comments and meta -->
1041			<div class="jp-carousel-info">
1042				<div class="jp-carousel-info-footer">
1043					<div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container">
1044						<div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div>
1045						<div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div>
1046					</div>
1047					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1048						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></div>
1049					</div>
1050					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container">
1051						<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility">
1052							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1053								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1054									<mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1055										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/>
1056									</mask>
1057									<g mask="url(#maskInfo)">
1058										<rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1059									</g>
1060								</svg>
1061							</span>
1062						</a>
1063												<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility">
1064							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1065								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1066									<mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1067										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/>
1068									</mask>
1069									<g mask="url(#maskComments)">
1070										<rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1071									</g>
1072								</svg>
1073
1074								<span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span>
1075							</span>
1076						</a>
1077											</div>
1078				</div>
1079				<div class="jp-carousel-info-extra">
1080					<div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper">
1081						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1082							<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></div>
1083						</div>
1084						<div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper">
1085															<div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading">
1086									<span>Loading Comments...</span>
1087								</div>
1088								<div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div>
1089								<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container">
1090									<span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span>
1091									<div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div>
1092																														<form id="jp-carousel-comment-form">
1093												<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label>
1094												<textarea
1095													name="comment"
1096													class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea"
1097													id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field"
1098													placeholder="Write a Comment..."
1099												></textarea>
1100												<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper">
1101													<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as">
1102																													<fieldset>
1103																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email</label>
1104																<input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" />
1105															</fieldset>
1106															<fieldset>
1107																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name</label>
1108																<input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" />
1109															</fieldset>
1110															<fieldset>
1111																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label>
1112																<input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" />
1113															</fieldset>
1114																											</div>
1115													<input
1116														type="submit"
1117														name="submit"
1118														class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button"
1119														id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit"
1120														value="Post Comment" />
1121												</div>
1122											</form>
1123																											</div>
1124													</div>
1125						<div class="jp-carousel-image-meta">
1126							<div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption">
1127								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-info">
1128									<div class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></div>
1129								</div>
1130
1131								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div>
1132							</div>
1133							<a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" aria-label="Download image" target="_blank" style="display: none;">
1134								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1135									<mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18">
1136										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/>
1137									</mask>
1138									<g mask="url(#mask0)">
1139										<rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1140									</g>
1141								</svg>
1142								<span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span>
1143							</a>
1144							<div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div>
1145						</div>
1146					</div>
1147				</div>
1148			</div>
1149		</div>
1150
1151		</div>
1152		
1153	
1153<script type="text/javascript">
1154		(function () {
1155			var wpcom_reblog = {
1156				source: 'toolbar',
1157
1158				toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) {
1159
1160					// Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one.
1161					const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`;
1162
1163					// Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the 
1164					// post permalink in the editor.
1165					const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; 
1166					
1167					const url =
1168						postEndpoint +
1169						'?url=' +
1170						encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) +
1171						'&is_post_share=true' +
1172						'&v=5';
1173
1174					const redirect = function () {
1175						if (
1176							! window.open( url, '_blank' )
1177						) {
1178							location.href = url;
1179						}
1180					};
1181
1182					if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) {
1183						setTimeout( redirect, 0 );
1184					} else {
1185						redirect();
1186					}
1187				},
1188			};
1189
1190			window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog;
1191		})();
1192	</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1192
1192
1193<script id="toujours-global-js-extra">
1194var toujours_script_strings = {"next_link":"Next Slide","previous_link":"Previous Slide"};
1195//# sourceURL=toujours-global-js-extra
1196</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1196
1196
1197<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/_static/??-eJyNjkEOgjAQRS9kqYIhujCepdABp0xnkGkVb29j4s5Ekr987+fZ52x64QScbLpBBLVz7mySHCQvakPZPcPyqgaCVQk9LFXQnS0eck/ZwwfC6EZQEufBVxH5y/z5ZvfA0SWUrYJOOBtCnswgfVYz4PorJzoVLtHbS0aSzlGBr/FyaM/tsW5O9T68Acqea10='></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1197
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1198
1198
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1199
1199
1200<script id="wp-i18n-js-after">
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1203
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1207
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1212
1212
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1213
1213
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1216
1216
1217<script type="module">
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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1221
1221
1222<script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?69" defer></script>
1222 
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1224_stq = window._stq || [];
1225_tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'138265885','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]);
1226		// Prevent sending pageview tracking from WP-Admin pages.
1227		_stq.push(['view', {'blog':'138265885','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','arch_tag':'news','arch_results':'8','subd':'imha2017'}]);
1228		_stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5tW3cvZGQ/eE5GbU1ieEhOYWZoOWVZV0psNlBHSXN1W3ZMbis9NEl2MW9nJmtTaGZ1WlZpLUlqRkdnSFtxX0JsK2JkMnRFc2dxTy9QcnhaZ0cueSw1cFQtNmEtWnQscSVza2NRQ1c5dElEL1UsJi1ia1REMXlDVXJzZ1NOOEw5ak1KNTk1LUwxUExFTWc2RDZwP2pBZiUlQ051VGZjP3pNXW5xJjBBelEwOElzd0R+'}]);
1229_stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '138265885', '0' ]);
1230</script>
1230
1231<noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript>
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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.