1<!doctype html><html lang="en"> 2<head><meta charset="UTF-8"> 3<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000, initial-scale=1"> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'none'; script-src 'self'; connect-src 'self'; img-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';base-uri 'self';form-action 'self' www.google.com"> 5<link rel="stylesheet" href="../main.css" type="text/css"> 6<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" sizes="48x48"> 7<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.svg" sizes="any" type="image/svg+xml"> 8<title>An A-Z Index of the Apple macOS command line - SS64</title> 9<link rel="canonical" href="https://ss64.com/mac/"> 10<meta name="Description" CONTENT="An A-Z Index of the Apple macOS command line"> 11<link rel="search" href="https://ss64.com/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="SS64.com">
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12 13<style> 14#sherlock { 15 height: 34.5px; 16 width: 64px; 17} 18tr:nth-child(even) td{ 19 background: linear-gradient(0.25turn, #DCDCDC, #D6D6D6, #DCDCDC 700px); 20 background-attachment:fixed;} 21.apple{ 22 background: linear-gradient(to right, #b8413e, #b86c86, #6d4ba7, #1b78c3, #1e9fb0, #37873b, #99a331, #d68f1e, #ff5722); 23 background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); 24 background-size: auto; 25 background-clip: border-box; 26 background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); 27 background-size: auto; 28 background-clip: border-box; 29 -webkit-background-clip: text; 30 -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; 31} 32/* Dark mode */ 33@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { 34 tr:nth-child(even) td{ background-color: #B9B9B9; 35 background: linear-gradient(0.25turn, #BDBDBD, #B9B9B9, #BDBDBD 700px); 36 background-attachment:fixed; 37 } 38} 39table{margin-left: 2%;} 40@media (max-width:1000px){table{margin-left: 1%;}} 41@media (max-width:700px){table{margin-left: 0;}} 42</style> 43</head> 44<body> 45<div id="tnav"><ul> 46<li class="tbtn"><a href="../">SS64</a></li> 47<li class=tflat>macOS <svg viewBox="0 0 13 20.1" width="13" height="13" style="transform: rotate(0deg);"><path d="M0 2.9l7.2 7.2-7.1 7.1L3 20.1l7.1-7.1 2.9-2.9L2.9 0 0 2.9"></path></svg></li> 48<li class="tbtn"><a href="syntax.html">How-to <svg viewBox="0 0 13 20.1" width="13" height="13" style="transform: rotate(0deg);"><path d="M0 2.9l7.2 7.2-7.1 7.1L3 20.1l7.1-7.1 2.9-2.9L2.9 0 0 2.9"></path></svg></a></li> 49<li><form action="https://www.google.com/search" method="get"> 50<div class="wrapq"> 51<input type="text" name="q" id="qu" maxlength="255" placeholder="Search" class="mousetrap" aria-label="Search text" inputmode="search" required/> 52<button id="sherlock" type="submit"> 53<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 26 26" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" style="display: inherit; width: 100%; height: 100%;"> 54<path d="M11 2a9 9 0 105.641 16.01.966.966 0 00.152.197l3.5 3.5a1 1 0 101.414-1.414l-3.5-3.5a1 1 0 00-.197-.153A8.96 8.96 0 0020 11a9 9 0 00-9-9Zm0 2a7 7 0 110 14 7 7 0 010-14Z"></path></svg> 55</button> 56</div> 57<input type="hidden" name="sitesearch" value="ss64.com/mac/"> 58<input type="hidden" name="udm" value="14"> 59</form></li> 60</ul></div> 61<h1>An A-Z Index of Apple <b class="apple">macOS</b> (bash) commands</h1> 62<table> 63<tr> 64<td class="ix">A</td> 65<td> </td> 66<td> </td> 67</tr> 68<tr> 69<td> </td> 70<td><a href="afconvert.html">afconvert</a></td> 71<td>Audio File Convert</td> 72</tr> 73<tr> 74<td> </td> 75<td><a href="afinfo.html">afinfo</a></td> 76<td>Audio File Info</td> 77</tr> 78<tr> 79<td> </td> 80<td><a href="afplay.html">afplay</a></td> 81<td>Audio File Play</td> 82</tr> 83<tr> 84<td> </td> 85<td><a href="airport.html">airport</a></td> 86<td>Manage Apple AirPort</td> 87</tr> 88<tr> 89<td> </td> 90<td><a href="alias.html">alias</a></td> 91<td>Create an alias • â«</td> 92</tr> 93<tr> 94<td> </td> 95<td>alloc</td> 96<td>List used and free memory</td> 97</tr> 98<tr> 99<td> </td> 100<td><a href="apropos.html">apropos</a></td> 101<td>Search the whatis database for strings</td> 102</tr> 103<tr> 104<td> </td> 105<td><a href="arp.html">arp</a></td> 106<td>Address resolution display and control</td> 107</tr> 108<tr> 109<td> </td> 110<td><a href="asr.html">asr</a></td> 111<td>Apple Software Restore</td> 112</tr> 113<tr> 114<td> </td> 115<td><a href="atsutil.html">atsutil</a></td> 116<td>Font registration system utility</td> 117</tr> 118<tr> 119<td> </td> 120<td><a href="autoload-zsh.html">autoload</a></td> 121<td>Autoload a function â«</td> 122</tr> 123<tr> 124<td> </td> 125<td>automator</td> 126<td>Run an Automator workflow</td> 127</tr> 128<tr> 129<td> </td> 130<td><a href="awk.html">awk</a></td> 131<td>Find and Replace text within file(s)</td> 132</tr> 133<tr> 134<td><a id="b" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">B</span></td> 135<td> </td> 136<td> </td> 137</tr> 138<tr> 139<td> </td> 140<td><a href="base64.html">base64</a></td> 141<td>Encode or Decode a binary file</td> 142</tr> 143<tr> 144<td> </td> 145<td><a href="basename.html">basename</a></td> 146<td>Convert a full pathname to just a filename</td> 147</tr> 148<tr> 149<td> </td> 150<td><a href="bash.html">bash</a></td> 151<td>Bourne-Again SHell</td> 152</tr> 153<tr> 154<td> </td> 155<td><a href="bc.html">bc</a></td> 156<td>Arbitrary precision calculator language</td> 157</tr> 158<tr> 159<td> </td> 160<td><a href="bg.html">bg</a></td> 161<td>Send to background • â«</td> 162</tr> 163<tr> 164<td> </td> 165<td><a href="bind.html">bind</a></td> 166<td>Set or display readline key and function bindings •</td> 167</tr> 168<tr> 169<td> </td> 170<td><a href="bless.html">bless</a></td> 171<td>Set volume bootability and startup disk options</td> 172</tr> 173<tr> 174<td> </td> 175<td><a href="break.html">break</a></td> 176<td>Exit from a For, While, Until or Select loop •</td> 177</tr> 178<tr> 179<td> </td> 180<td><a href="brew.html">brew</a></td> 181<td>Package manager</td> 182</tr> 183<tr> 184<td> </td> 185<td><a href="builtin.html">builtin</a></td> 186<td>Execute a shell builtin •</td> 187</tr> 188<tr> 189<td> </td> 190<td><a href="bzip.html">bzip2</a></td> 191<td>Compress or decompress files</td> 192</tr> 193<tr> 194<td><a id="c" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">C</span></td> 195<td> </td> 196<td> </td> 197</tr> 198<tr> 199<td> </td> 200<td><a href="caffeinate.html">caffeinate</a></td> 201<td>Prevent the system from sleeping</td> 202</tr> 203<tr> 204<td> </td> 205<td><a href="cal.html">cal</a></td> 206<td>Display a calendar</td> 207</tr> 208<tr> 209<td> </td> 210<td><a href="calendar.html">calendar</a></td> 211<td>Reminder Service</td> 212</tr> 213<tr> 214<td> </td> 215<td><a href="caller.html">caller</a></td> 216<td>
216Return the context of a subroutine call •</td> 217</tr> 218<tr> 219<td> </td> 220<td><a href="cancel.html">cancel</a></td> 221<td>Cancel print jobs</td> 222</tr> 223<tr> 224<td> </td> 225<td><a href="case.html">case</a></td> 226<td>Conditionally perform a command •</td> 227</tr> 228<tr> 229<td> </td> 230<td><a href="cat.html">cat</a></td> 231<td>Concatenate and print (display) the content of files</td> 232</tr> 233<tr> 234<td> </td> 235<td><a href="cd.html">cd</a></td> 236<td>Change Directory • â«</td> 237</tr> 238<tr> 239<td> </td> 240<td><a href="chflags.html">chflags</a></td> 241<td>Change a file or folderâs flags</td> 242</tr> 243<tr> 244<td> </td> 245<td><a href="chgrp.html">chgrp</a></td> 246<td>Change group ownership</td> 247</tr> 248<tr> 249<td> </td> 250<td><a href="chmod.html">chmod</a></td> 251<td>Change access permissions</td> 252</tr> 253<tr> 254<td> </td> 255<td><a href="chown.html">chown</a></td> 256<td>Change file owner and group</td> 257</tr> 258<tr> 259<td> </td> 260<td><a href="chroot.html">chroot</a></td> 261<td>Run a command with a different root directory</td> 262</tr> 263<tr> 264 <td> </td> 265 <td><a href="chsh.html">chsh</a></td> 266 <td>Add or change user database information, change default shell</td> 267</tr> 268<tr> 269<td> </td> 270<td><a href="cksum.html">cksum</a></td> 271<td>Print CRC checksum and byte counts</td> 272</tr> 273<tr> 274<td> </td> 275<td>clear</td> 276<td>Clear terminal screen</td> 277</tr> 278<tr> 279<td> </td> 280<td><a href="cmp.html">cmp</a></td> 281<td>Compare two files</td> 282</tr> 283<tr> 284<td> </td> 285<td><a href="codesign.html">codesign</a></td> 286<td>Create and manipulate code signatures</td> 287</tr> 288<tr> 289<td> </td> 290<td><a href="col.html">col</a></td> 291<td>Filter reverse line feeds from input</td> 292</tr> 293<tr> 294<td> </td> 295<td><a href="comm.html">comm</a></td> 296<td>Compare two sorted files line by line</td> 297</tr> 298<tr> 299<td> </td> 300<td><a href="command.html">command</a></td> 301<td>Run a command (not a function) • â«</td> 302</tr> 303<tr> 304<td> </td> 305<td><a href="complete.html">complete</a></td> 306<td>Edit a command completion [word/pattern/list] •</td> 307</tr> 308<tr> 309<td> </td> 310<td><a href="continue.html">continue</a></td> 311<td>Resume the next iteration of a loop • â«</td> 312</tr> 313<tr> 314<td> </td> 315<td><a href="cp.html">cp</a></td> 316<td>Copy one or more files to another location</td> 317</tr> 318<tr> 319<td> </td> 320<td><a href="cpio.html">cpio</a></td> 321<td>Copy files to and from archives</td> 322</tr> 323<tr> 324<td> </td> 325<td><a href="createhomedir.html">createhomedir</a></td> 326<td>Create and populate home directories on the local computer</td> 327</tr> 328<tr> 329<td> </td> 330<td><a href="cron.html">cron</a></td> 331<td>Daemon to execute scheduled commands</td> 332</tr> 333<tr> 334<td> </td> 335<td><a href="crontab.html">crontab</a></td> 336<td>Schedule a command to run at a later date/time</td> 337</tr> 338<tr> 339<td> </td> 340<td><a href="csplit.html">csplit</a></td> 341<td>Split a file into context-determined pieces</td> 342</tr> 343<tr> 344<td> </td> 345<td><a href="csrutil.html">csrutil</a></td> 346<td>Configure System Integrity Protection (SIP)</td> 347</tr> 348<tr> 349<td> </td> 350<td><a href="cupsfilter.html">cupsfilter</a></td> 351<td>Convert a file to another format using cups filters</td> 352</tr> 353<tr> 354<td> </td> 355<td><a href="curl.html">curl</a></td> 356<td>Transfer data from or to a server</td> 357</tr> 358<tr> 359<td> </td> 360<td><a href="cut.html">cut</a></td> 361<td>Divide a file into several parts</td> 362</tr> 363<tr> 364<td><a id="d" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">D</span></td> 365<td> </td> 366<td> </td> 367</tr> 368<tr> 369<td> </td> 370<td><a href="date.html">date</a></td> 371<td>Display or change the date & time</td> 372</tr> 373<tr> 374<td> </td> 375<td><a href="dc.html">dc</a></td> 376<td>Desk Calculator</td> 377</tr> 378<tr> 379<td> </td> 380<td><a href="dd.html">dd</a></td> 381<td>Data Duplicator - convert and copy a file, clone disks</td> 382</tr> 383<tr> 384<td> </td> 385<td><a href="declare.html">declare</a></td> 386<td>Declare variable & set attributes • â«</td> 387</tr> 388<tr> 389<td> </td> 390<td><a href="defaults.html">defaults</a></td> 391<td>Set preferences, show hidden files</td> 392</tr> 393<tr> 394<td> </td> 395<td><a href="df.html">df</a></td> 396<td>Display free disk space</td> 397</tr> 398<tr> 399<td> </td> 400<td><a href="diff.html">diff</a></td> 401<td>Display the differences between two files</td> 402</tr> 403<tr> 404<td> </td> 405<td><a href="diff3.html">diff3</a></td> 406<td>Show differences among three files</td> 407</tr> 408<tr> 409<td> </td> 410<td><a href="dig.html">dig</a></td> 411<td>DNS lookup</td> 412</tr> 413<tr> 414<td> </td> 415<td><a href="dirname.html">dirname</a></td> 416<td>Convert a full pathname to just a path</td> 417</tr> 418<tr> 419<td> </td> 420<td><a href="dirs.html">dirs</a></td> 421<td>Display list of remembered directories •</td> 422</tr> 423<tr> 424<td> </td> 425<td><a href="diskutil.html">diskutil</a></td> 426<td>Disk utilities - Format, Verify, Repair</td> 427</tr> 428<tr> 429<td> </td> 430<td><a href="disown.html">disown</a></td> 431<td>Unbind a job from the current login session •</td> 432</tr> 433<tr> 434<td> </td> 435<td><a href="ditto.html">ditto</a></td> 436<td>Copy files and folders</td> 437</tr> 438<tr> 439<td> </td> 440<td><a href="dot_clean.html">dot_clean</a></td> 441<td>Remove dot-underscore files</td> 442</tr> 443<tr> 444<td> </td> 445<td><a href="drutil.html">drutil</a></td> 446<td>Interact with CD/DVD burners</td> 447</tr> 448<tr> 449<td> </td> 450<td><a href="dscacheutil.html">dscacheutil</a></td> 451<td>Query or flush the Directory Service/DNS cache</td> 452</tr> 453<tr> 454<td> </td> 455<td><a href="dseditgroup.html">dseditgroup</a></td> 456<td>
456Edit, create, manipulate, or delete groups</td> 457</tr> 458<tr> 459<td> </td> 460<td><a href="dsenableroot.html">dsenableroot</a></td> 461<td>Enable root access</td> 462</tr> 463<tr> 464<td> </td> 465<td><a href="dsmemberutil.html">dsmemberutil</a></td> 466<td>View user and group rights</td> 467</tr> 468<tr> 469<td> </td> 470<td><a href="dscl.html">dscl</a></td> 471<td>Directory Service command line utility</td> 472</tr> 473<tr> 474<td> </td> 475<td><a href="du.html">du</a></td> 476<td>Estimate file space usage</td> 477</tr> 478<tr> 479<td><a id="e" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">E</span></td> 480<td> </td> 481<td> </td> 482</tr> 483<tr> 484<td> </td> 485<td><a href="echo.html">echo</a></td> 486<td>Display text on screen • â«</td> 487</tr> 488<tr> 489<td> </td> 490<td>ed</td> 491<td>A line-oriented text editor (edlin)</td> 492</tr> 493<tr> 494<td> </td> 495<td><a href="enable.html">enable</a></td> 496<td>Enable and disable builtin shell commands •</td> 497</tr> 498<tr> 499<td> </td> 500<td>emulate</td> 501<td>Print current emulation mode (Zsh only) â«</td> 502</tr> 503<tr> 504<td> </td> 505<td><a href="env.html">env</a></td> 506<td>List or Set environment variables</td> 507</tr> 508<tr> 509<td> </td> 510<td><a href="eval.html">eval</a></td> 511<td>Evaluate several commands/arguments • â«</td> 512</tr> 513<tr> 514<td> </td> 515<td><a href="exec.html">exec</a></td> 516<td>Execute a command • â«</td> 517</tr> 518<tr> 519<td> </td> 520<td><a href="exit.html">exit</a></td> 521<td>Exit the shell •</td> 522</tr> 523<tr> 524<td> </td> 525<td><a href="execsnoop.html">execsnoop</a></td> 526<td>Snoop new process execution</td> 527</tr> 528<tr> 529<td> </td> 530<td><a href="expand.html">expand</a></td> 531<td>Convert tabs to spaces</td> 532</tr> 533<tr> 534<td> </td> 535<td>expect</td> 536<td>Programmed dialogue with interactive programs 537Also see <a href="https://www.macosxautomation.com/applescript/learn.html">AppleScript</a></td> 538</tr> 539<tr> 540<td> </td> 541<td><a href="export.html">export</a></td> 542<td>Set an environment variable •</td> 543</tr> 544<tr> 545<td> </td> 546<td><a href="expr.html">expr</a></td> 547<td>Evaluate expressions</td> 548</tr> 549<tr> 550<td><a id="f" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">F</span></td> 551<td> </td> 552<td> </td> 553</tr> 554<tr> 555<td> </td> 556<td><a href="false.html">false</a></td> 557<td>Do nothing, unsuccessfully</td> 558</tr> 559<tr> 560<td> </td> 561<td><a href="fc.html">fc</a></td> 562<td>Fix command (history)</td> 563</tr> 564<tr> 565<td> </td> 566<td><a href="fdisk.html">fdisk</a></td> 567<td>Partition table manipulator for Darwin UFS/HFS/DOS</td> 568</tr> 569<tr> 570<td> </td> 571<td>fdesetup</td> 572<td>FileVault configuration, list FileVault users</td> 573</tr> 574<tr> 575<td> </td> 576<td><a href="fg.html">fg</a></td> 577<td>Send job to foreground •</td> 578</tr> 579<tr> 580<td> </td> 581<td><a href="file.html">file</a></td> 582<td>Determine file type</td> 583</tr> 584<tr> 585<td> </td> 586<td><a href="find.html">find</a></td> 587<td>Search for files that meet a desired criteria</td> 588</tr> 589<tr> 590<td> </td> 591<td><a href="fmt.html">fmt</a></td> 592<td>Reformat paragraph text</td> 593</tr> 594<tr> 595<td> </td> 596<td><a href="fold.html">fold</a></td> 597<td>Wrap text to fit a specified width</td> 598</tr> 599<tr> 600<td> </td> 601<td><a href="for.html">for</a></td> 602<td>Loop command •</td> 603</tr> 604<tr> 605<td> </td> 606<td><a href="fsck.html">fsck</a></td> 607<td>Filesystem consistency check and repair</td> 608</tr> 609<tr> 610<td> </td> 611<td><a href="fs_usage.html">fs_usage</a></td> 612<td>Filesystem usage (process/pathname)</td> 613</tr> 614<tr> 615<td> </td> 616<td><a href="ftp.html">ftp</a></td> 617<td>Internet file transfer program</td> 618</tr> 619<tr> 620<td> </td> 621<td><a href="function.html">function</a></td> 622<td>Define Function Macros</td> 623</tr> 624<tr> 625<td> </td> 626<td><a href="fuser.html">fuser</a></td> 627<td>List processes that have one or more files open</td> 628</tr> 629<tr> 630<td><a id="g" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">G</span></td> 631<td> </td> 632<td> </td> 633</tr> 634<tr> 635<td> </td> 636<td><a href="getfileinfo.html">GetFileInfo</a></td> 637<td>Get attributes of HFS+ files</td> 638</tr> 639<tr> 640<td> </td> 641<td><a href="getopt.html">
641getopt</a></td> 642<td>Parse positional parameters</td> 643</tr> 644<tr> 645<td> </td> 646<td><a href="getopts.html">getopts</a></td> 647<td>Parse positional parameters •</td> 648</tr> 649<tr> 650<td> </td> 651<td><a href="goto.html">goto</a></td> 652<td>Jump to label and continue execution</td> 653</tr> 654<tr> 655<td> </td> 656<td><a href="gpt.html">gpt</a></td> 657<td>GUID partition table maintenance utility</td> 658</tr> 659<tr> 660<td> </td> 661<td><a href="grep.html">grep</a></td> 662<td>Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern</td> 663</tr> 664<tr> 665<td> </td> 666<td><a href="id.html">groups</a></td> 667<td>Print group names a user is in</td> 668</tr> 669<tr> 670<td> </td> 671<td><a href="gzip.html">gzip</a></td> 672<td>Compress or decompress files</td> 673</tr> 674<tr> 675<td><a id="h" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">H</span></td> 676<td> </td> 677<td> </td> 678</tr> 679<tr> 680<td> </td> 681<td><a href="halt.html">halt</a></td> 682<td>Stop and restart the Operating System</td> 683</tr> 684<tr> 685<td> </td> 686<td><a href="hash.html">hash</a></td> 687<td>Refresh the cached/remembered location of commands •</td> 688</tr> 689<tr> 690<td> </td> 691<td><a href="head.html">head</a></td> 692<td>Display the first lines of a file</td> 693</tr> 694<tr> 695<td> </td> 696<td><a href="hdiutil.html">hdiutil</a></td> 697<td>Manipulate iso disk images</td> 698</tr> 699<tr> 700<td> </td> 701<td><a href="history.html">history</a></td> 702<td>Command History •</td> 703</tr> 704<tr> 705<td> </td> 706<td><a href="hostname.html">hostname</a></td> 707<td>Print or set system name</td> 708</tr> 709<tr> 710<td><a id="i" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">I</span></td> 711<td> </td> 712<td> </td> 713</tr> 714<tr> 715<td> </td> 716<td><a href="iconv.html">iconv</a></td> 717<td>Convert the character set of a file</td> 718</tr> 719<tr> 720<td> </td> 721<td><a href="id.html">id</a></td> 722<td>Print user and group names/idâs</td> 723</tr> 724<tr> 725<td> </td> 726<td><a href="if.html">if</a></td> 727<td>Conditionally perform a command •</td> 728</tr> 729<tr> 730<td> </td> 731<td><a href="ifconfig.html">ifconfig</a></td> 732<td class="gerontic">Configure network interface parameters</td> 733</tr> 734<tr> 735<td> </td> 736<td><a href="iostat.html">iostat</a></td> 737<td>Report CPU and i/o statistics</td> 738</tr> 739<tr> 740<td> </td> 741<td><a href="ipconfig.html">ipconfig</a></td> 742<td>View and control IP configuration state</td> 743</tr> 744<tr> 745<td> </td> 746<td><a href="info.html">info</a></td> 747<td>Help info</td> 748</tr> 749<tr> 750<td> </td> 751<td><a href="install.html">install</a></td> 752<td>Copy files and set attributes</td> 753</tr> 754<tr> 755<td> </td> 756<td><a href="installer.html">installer</a></td> 757<td>System software and .pkg package installer tool</td> 758</tr> 759<tr> 760<td> </td> 761<td><a href="iosnoop.html">iosnoop</a></td> 762<td>Snoop I/O events as they occur</td> 763</tr> 764<tr> 765<td> </td> 766<td>ip</td> 767<td>Routing, devices and tunnels</td> 768</tr> 769<tr> 770<td><a id="j" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">J</span></td> 771<td> </td> 772<td> </td> 773</tr> 774<tr> 775<td> </td> 776<td><a href="jobs.html">jobs</a></td> 777<td>List active jobs •</td> 778</tr> 779<tr> 780<td> </td> 781<td><a href="join.html">join</a></td> 782<td>Join lines on a common field</td> 783</tr> 784<tr> 785<td> </td> 786<td><a href="jot.html">jot</a></td> 787<td>Print sequential or random data</td> 788</tr> 789<tr> 790<td><a id="k" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">K</span></td> 791<td> </td> 792<td> </td> 793</tr> 794<tr> 795<td> </td> 796<td><a href="kextfind.html">kextfind</a></td> 797<td>List kernel extensions</td> 798</tr> 799<tr> 800<td> </td> 801<td><a href="kextstat.html">kextstat</a></td> 802<td>Display status of loaded kernel extensions (kexts)</td> 803</tr> 804<tr> 805<td> </td> 806<td><a href="kextunload.html">kextunload</a></td> 807<td>Terminate driver instances and unload kernel extensions.</td> 808</tr> 809<tr> 810<td> </td> 811<td>keytool</td> 812<td>Key and certificate management tool</td> 813</tr> 814<tr> 815<td> </td> 816<td><a href="kickstart.html">kickstart</a></td> 817<td>Configure Apple Remote Desktop</td> 818</tr> 819<tr> 820<td> </td> 821<td><a href="kill.html">kill</a></td> 822<td>Kill a process by specifying its PID</td> 823</tr> 824<tr> 825<td> </td> 826<td><a href="killall.html">killall</a></td> 827<td>Kill processes by name</td> 828</tr> 829<tr> 830<td> </td> 831<td><a href="klist.html">klist</a></td> 832<td>List cached Kerberos tickets</td> 833</tr> 834<tr> 835<td><a id="l" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">L</span></td> 836<td> </td> 837<td> </td> 838</tr> 839<tr> 840<td> </td> 841<td><a href="ls.html">l</a></td> 842<td><a href="ls.html">List</a> files in long format (ls -l)</td> 843</tr> 844<tr> 845<td> </td> 846<td><a href="last.html">last</a></td> 847<td>Indicate last logins of users and ttys</td> 848</tr> 849<tr> 850<td> </td> 851<td><a href="launchctl.html">launchctl</a></td> 852<td>Load or unload daemons/agents</td> 853</tr> 854<tr> 855<td> </td> 856<td><a href="ls.html">ll</a></td> 857<td>List files in long format, showing invisible files (ls -la)</td> 858</tr> 859<tr> 860<td> </td> 861<td><a href="leave.html">leave</a></td> 862<td>Remind you when you have to leave</td> 863</tr> 864<tr> 865<td> </td> 866<td><a href="less.html">less</a></td> 867<td>Display output one screen at a time</td> 868</tr> 869<tr> 870<td> </td> 871<td><a href="let.html">let</a></td> 872<td>Evaluate expression •</td> 873</tr> 874<tr> 875<td> </td> 876<td><a href="lipo.html">lipo</a></td> 877<td>Convert a universal binary</td> 878</tr> 879<tr> 880<td> </td> 881<td><a href="ln.html">ln</a></td> 882<td>Make links between files (hard links, symbolic links)</td> 883</tr> 884<tr> 885<td> </td> 886<td><a href="local.html">local</a></td> 887<td>Set a local (function) variable •</td> 888</tr> 889<tr> 890<td> </td> 891<td><a href="locate.html">locate</a></td> 892<td>Find files</td> 893</tr> 894<tr> 895<td> </td> 896<td><a href="log.html">log</a></td> 897<td>Access system wide log messages</td> 898</tr> 899<tr> 900<td> </td> 901<td><a href="logname.html">logname</a></td> 902<td>Print current login name</td> 903</tr> 904<tr> 905<td> </td> 906<td><a href="login.html">login</a></td> 907<td>log into the computer</td> 908</tr> 909<tr> 910<td> </td> 911<td><a href="logout.html">logout</a></td> 912<td>Exit a login shell (bye) •</td> 913</tr> 914<tr> 915<td> </td> 916<td><a href="look.html">look</a></td> 917<td>Display lines beginning with a given string</td> 918</tr> 919<tr> 920<td> </td> 921<td><a href="lp.html">lp</a></td> 922<td>Print files</td> 923</tr> 924<tr> 925<td> </td> 926<td><a href="lpr.html">lpr</a></td> 927<td>Print files</td> 928</tr> 929<tr> 930<td> </td> 931<td><a href="lprm.html">lprm</a></td> 932<td>Remove jobs from the print queue</td> 933</tr> 934<tr> 935<td> </td> 936<td><a href="lpstat.html">lpstat</a></td> 937<td>Printer status information</td> 938</tr> 939<tr> 940<td> </td> 941<td><a href="ls.html">ls</a></td> 942<td>List information about file(s)</td> 943</tr> 944<tr> 945<td> </td> 946<td><a href="lsregister.html">lsregister</a></td> 947<td>Reset the Launch Services database</td> 948</tr> 949<tr> 950<td> </td> 951<td><a href="lsbom.html">lsbom</a></td> 952<td>
952List a bill of materials file</td> 953</tr> 954<tr> 955<td> </td> 956<td><a href="lsof.html">lsof</a></td> 957<td>List open files</td> 958</tr> 959<tr> 960<td><a id="m" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">M</span></td> 961<td> </td> 962<td> </td> 963</tr> 964<tr> 965<td> </td> 966<td><a href="man.html">man</a></td> 967<td>Help manual</td> 968</tr> 969<tr> 970<td> </td> 971<td><a href="md5.html">md5</a></td> 972<td>Calculate a checksum for a file</td> 973</tr> 974<tr> 975<td> </td> 976<td><a href="mdfind.html">mdfind</a></td> 977<td>Spotlight search</td> 978</tr> 979<tr> 980<td> </td> 981<td><a href="mdimport.html">mdimport</a></td> 982<td>Import file hierarchies into the Spotlight datastore.</td> 983</tr> 984<tr> 985<td> </td> 986<td><a href="mdls.html">mdls</a></td> 987<td>List the metadata attributes for a specified file</td> 988</tr> 989<tr> 990<td> </td> 991<td><a href="mdutil.html">mdutil</a></td> 992<td>Manage Spotlight metadata store</td> 993</tr> 994<tr> 995<td> </td> 996<td><a href="mkdir.html">mkdir</a></td> 997<td>Create new folder(s)</td> 998</tr> 999<tr> 1000<td> </td> 1001<td><a href="mkfifo.html">mkfifo</a></td> 1002<td>Make FIFOs (named pipes)</td> 1003</tr> 1004<tr> 1005<td> </td> 1006<td><a href="mkfile.html">mkfile</a></td> 1007<td>Make a file</td> 1008</tr> 1009<tr> 1010<td> </td> 1011<td><a href="mktemp.html">mktemp</a></td> 1012<td>Make a temporary file</td> 1013</tr> 1014<tr> 1015<td> </td> 1016<td><a href="more.html">more</a></td> 1017<td>Display output one screen at a time</td> 1018</tr> 1019<tr> 1020<td> </td> 1021<td><a href="mount.html">mount</a></td> 1022<td>Mount a file system</td> 1023</tr> 1024<tr> 1025<td> </td> 1026<td><a href="mount_nfs.html">mount_nfs</a></td> 1027<td>Mount an NFS file system</td> 1028</tr> 1029<tr> 1030<td> </td> 1031<td><a href="mount_smbfs.html">mount_smbfs</a></td> 1032<td>Mount a file share from a remote SMB server</td> 1033</tr> 1034<tr> 1035<td> </td> 1036<td>msgs</td> 1037<td>System messages</td> 1038</tr> 1039<tr> 1040<td> </td> 1041<td>mtree</td> 1042<td>Map a directory hierarchy</td> 1043</tr> 1044<tr> 1045<td> </td> 1046<td><a href="mv.html">mv</a></td> 1047<td>Move or rename files or directories</td> 1048</tr> 1049<tr> 1050<td><a id="n" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">N</span></td> 1051<td> </td> 1052<td> </td> 1053</tr> 1054<tr> 1055<td> </td> 1056<td><a href="nano.html">nano</a></td> 1057<td>Simple text editor</td> 1058</tr> 1059<tr> 1060<td> </td> 1061<td><a href="nc.html">nc/netcat</a></td> 1062<td>Read and write data across networks</td> 1063</tr> 1064<tr> 1065<td> </td> 1066<td><a href="netstat.html">netstat</a></td> 1067<td class="gerontic">Show network status</td> 1068</tr> 1069<tr> 1070<td> </td> 1071<td><a href="networkquality.html">networkQuality</a></td> 1072<td>Network quality testing tool</td> 1073</tr> 1074<tr> 1075<td> </td> 1076<td><a href="networksetup.html">networksetup</a></td> 1077<td>Network and System Preferences</td> 1078</tr> 1079<tr> 1080<td> </td> 1081<td><a href="nice.html">nice</a></td> 1082<td>Set the priority of a command</td> 1083</tr> 1084<tr> 1085<td> </td> 1086<td><a href="nl.html">nl</a></td> 1087<td>Number lines and write files</td> 1088</tr> 1089<tr> 1090<td> </td> 1091<td><a href="nohup.html">nohup</a></td> 1092<td>Run a command immune to hangups</td> 1093</tr> 1094<tr> 1095<td> </td> 1096<td><a href="ntfs-util.html">ntfs.util</a></td> 1097<td>NTFS file system utility</td> 1098</tr> 1099<tr> 1100<td> </td> 1101<td><a href="nvram.html">nvram</a></td> 1102<td>Manipulate firmware variables</td> 1103</tr> 1104<tr> 1105<td><a id="o" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="code">O</span></td> 1106<td> </td> 1107<td> </td> 1108</tr> 1109<tr> 1110<td> </td> 1111<td><a href="onintr.html">onintr</a></td> 1112<td>Control the action of a shell interrupt</td> 1113</tr> 1114<tr> 1115<td> </td> 1116<td><a href="open.html">open</a></td> 1117<td>Open a file/folder/URL/Application</td> 1118</tr> 1119<tr> 1120<td> </td> 1121<td><a href="opensnoop.html">opensnoop</a></td> 1122<td>Snoop file opens as they occur</td> 1123</tr> 1124<tr> 1125<td> </td> 1126<td><a href="openssl.html">openssl</a></td> 1127<td>OpenSSL command line</td> 1128</tr> 1129<tr> 1130<td> </td> 1131<td><a href="osacompile.html">osacompile</a></td> 1132<td>Compile AppleScript</td> 1133</tr> 1134<tr> 1135<td> </td> 1136<td><a href="osascript.html">osascript</a></td> 1137<td>Execute AppleScript</td> 1138</tr> 1139<tr> 1140<td><a id="p" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">P</span></td> 1141<td> </td> 1142<td> </td> 1143</tr> 1144<tr> 1145<td> </td> 1146<td><a href="passwd.html">passwd</a></td> 1147<td>Modify a user password</td> 1148</tr> 1149<tr> 1150<td> </td> 1151<td><a href="paste.html">paste</a></td> 1152<td>Merge lines of files</td> 1153</tr> 1154<tr> 1155<td> </td> 1156<td><a href="pax.html">pax</a></td> 1157<td>Read and write file archives and copy directory hierarchies</td> 1158</tr> 1159<tr> 1160<td> </td> 1161<td><a href="pbcopy.html">pbcopy</a></td> 1162<td>Copy data to the clipboard</td> 1163</tr> 1164<tr> 1165<td> </td> 1166<td><a href="pbpaste.html">pbpaste</a></td> 1167<td>Paste data from the Clipboard</td> 1168</tr> 1169<tr> 1170<td> </td> 1171<td><a href="pbs.html">pbs</a></td> 1172<td>General helper tool</td> 1173</tr> 1174<tr> 1175<td> </td> 1176<td><a href="pfctl.html">pfctl</a></td> 1177<td>Firewall - Control the packet filter and NAT device.</td> 1178</tr> 1179<tr> 1180<td> </td> 1181<td><a href="pkill.html">pgrep</a></td> 1182<td>List processes by a full or partial name</td> 1183</tr> 1184<tr> 1185<td> </td> 1186<td><a href="ping.html">ping</a></td> 1187<td>Test a network connection</td> 1188</tr> 1189<tr> 1190<td> </td> 1191<td><a href="pkill.html">pkill</a></td> 1192<td>Kill processes by a full or partial name</td> 1193</tr> 1194<tr> 1195<td> </td> 1196<td>pkgbuild</td> 1197<td>Build a macOS <a href="https://help.apple.com/systemimageutility/mac/10.12/#/sysmfd460053">Installer</a> component package</td> 1198</tr> 1199<tr> 1200<td> </td> 1201<td><a href="pkgutil.html">pkgutil</a></td> 1202<td>Query and manipulate installed packages</td> 1203</tr> 1204<tr> 1205<td> </td> 1206<td><a href="plutil.html">plutil</a></td> 1207<td>Property list utility</td> 1208</tr> 1209<tr> 1210<td> </td> 1211<td><a href="pmset.html">pmset</a></td> 1212<td>Power Management settings</td> 1213</tr> 1214<tr> 1215<td> </td> 1216<td><a href="popd.html">popd</a></td> 1217<td>Restore the previous value of the current directory •</td> 1218</tr> 1219<tr> 1220<td> </td> 1221<td><a href="powermetrics.html">powermetrics</a></td> 1222<td>Display CPU and power usage stats</td> 1223</tr> 1224<tr> 1225<td> </td> 1226<td><a href="pr.html">pr</a></td> 1227<td>Convert text files for printing</td> 1228</tr> 1229<tr> 1230<td> </td> 1231<td><a href="printenv.html">printenv</a></td> 1232<td>List environment variables</td> 1233</tr> 1234<tr> 1235<td> </td> 1236<td><a href="printf.html">printf</a></td> 1237<td>Format and print data •</td> 1238</tr> 1239<tr> 1240<td> </td> 1241<td><a href="profiles.html">profiles</a></td> 1242<td>Profiles Tool</td> 1243</tr> 1244<tr> 1245<td> </td> 1246<td><a href="ps.html">ps</a></td> 1247<td>Process status</td> 1248</tr> 1249<tr> 1250<td> </td> 1251<td>purge</td> 1252<td>Force disk cache to be purged (flushed and emptied)</td> 1253</tr> 1254<tr> 1255<td> </td> 1256<td><a href="pushd.html">pushd</a></td> 1257<td>Save and then change the current directory</td> 1258</tr> 1259<tr> 1260<td> </td> 1261<td><a href="pwd.html">pwd</a></td> 1262<td>Print Working Directory •</td> 1263</tr> 1264<tr> 1265<td><a id="q" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">Q</span></td> 1266<td> </td> 1267<td> </td> 1268</tr> 1269<tr> 1270<td> </td> 1271<td><a href="qlmanage.html">qlmanage</a></td> 1272<td>Quick Look Server debug and management tool</td> 1273</tr> 1274<tr> 1275<td> </td> 1276<td><a href="quota.html">quota</a></td> 1277<td>Display disk usage and limits</td> 1278</tr> 1279<tr> 1280<td><a id="r" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">R</span></td> 1281<td> </td> 1282<td> </td> 1283</tr> 1284<tr> 1285<td> </td> 1286<td><a href="rcp.html">rcp</a></td> 1287<td>Copy files between machines</td> 1288</tr> 1289<tr> 1290<td> </td> 1291<td><a href="read.html">read</a></td> 1292<td>Read one line from standard input •</td> 1293</tr> 1294<tr> 1295<td> </td> 1296<td><a href="readonly.html">readonly</a></td> 1297<td>Mark a variable or function as read-only •</td> 1298</tr> 1299<tr> 1300<td> </td> 1301<td><a href="realpath.html">realpath</a></td> 1302<td>Return resolved physical path</td> 1303</tr> 1304<tr> 1305<td> </td> 1306<td>reboot</td> 1307<td>Stop and restart the system</td> 1308</tr> 1309<tr> 1310<td> </td> 1311<td><a href="repeat.html">repeat</a></td> 1312<td>Loop command to repeat an action â«</td> 1313</tr> 1314<tr> 1315<td> </td> 1316<td><a href="reportcrash.html">ReportCrash</a></td> 1317<td>Enable/Disable crash reporting</td> 1318</tr> 1319<tr> 1320<td> </td> 1321<td><a href="return.html">return</a></td> 1322<td>Exit a function •</td> 1323</tr> 1324<tr> 1325<td> </td> 1326<td><a href="rev.html">rev</a></td> 1327<td>Reverse lines of a file</td> 1328</tr> 1329<tr> 1330<td> </td> 1331<td><a href="rm.html">rm</a></td> 1332<td>Remove files</td> 1333</tr> 1334<tr> 1335<td> </td> 1336<td><a href="rmdir.html">rmdir</a></td> 1337<td>Remove folder(s)</td> 1338</tr> 1339<tr> 1340<td> </td> 1341<td><a href="route.html">route</a></td> 1342<td>Manipulate the routing tables</td> 1343</tr> 1344<tr> 1345<td> </td> 1346<td><a href="rsync.html">rsync</a></td> 1347<td>Remote file copy - Sync file tree</td> 1348</tr> 1349<tr> 1350<td><a id="s" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">S</span></td> 1351<td> </td> 1352<td> </td> 1353</tr> 1354<tr> 1355<td> </td> 1356<td><a href="say.html">say</a></td> 1357<td>Convert text to audible speech</td> 1358</tr> 1359<tr> 1360<td> </td> 1361<td><a href="screen.html">screen</a></td> 1362<td>Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh</td> 1363</tr> 1364<tr> 1365<td> </td> 1366<td><a href="screencapture.html">screencapture</a></td> 1367<td>Capture screen image to file or disk</td> 1368</tr> 1369<tr> 1370<td> </td> 1371<td><a href="scselect.html">scselect</a></td> 1372<td>Switch between network locations</td> 1373</tr> 1374<tr> 1375<td> </td> 1376<td><a href="scutil.html">scutil</a></td> 1377<td>Manage system configuration parameters</td> 1378</tr> 1379<tr> 1380<td> </td> 1381<td><a href="sdiff.html">sdiff</a></td> 1382<td>Merge two files interactively</td> 1383</tr> 1384<tr> 1385<td> </td> 1386<td><a href="security.html">security</a></td> 1387<td>
1387Administer Keychains, keys, certificates and the Security framework</td> 1388</tr> 1389<tr> 1390<td> </td> 1391<td><a href="sed.html">sed</a></td> 1392<td>Stream Editor</td> 1393</tr> 1394<tr> 1395<td> </td> 1396<td><a href="select.html">select</a></td> 1397<td>Generate a list of items •</td> 1398</tr> 1399<tr> 1400<td> </td> 1401<td><a href="seq.html">seq</a></td> 1402<td>Print numeric sequences</td> 1403</tr> 1404<tr> 1405<td> </td> 1406<td><a href="serverinfo.html">serverinfo</a></td> 1407<td>Server information</td> 1408</tr> 1409<tr> 1410<td> </td> 1411<td><a href="set.html">set</a></td> 1412<td>Set a shell variable = value •</td> 1413</tr> 1414<tr> 1415<td> </td> 1416<td><a href="setfile.html">setfile</a></td> 1417<td>Set attributes of HFS+ files</td> 1418</tr> 1419<tr> 1420<td> </td> 1421<td>setopt</td> 1422<td>Set the options for the shell (Zsh only) â«</td> 1423</tr> 1424<tr> 1425<td> </td> 1426<td><a href="sharing.html">sharing</a></td> 1427<td>Create share points for afp, ftp and smb services</td> 1428</tr> 1429<tr> 1430<td> </td> 1431<td><a href="shasum.html">shasum</a></td> 1432<td>Print or Check SHA Checksums</td> 1433</tr> 1434<tr> 1435<td> </td> 1436<td><a href="shift.html">shift</a></td> 1437<td>Shift positional parameters •</td> 1438</tr> 1439<tr> 1440<td> </td> 1441<td><a href="shopt.html">shopt</a></td> 1442<td>Set shell options •</td> 1443</tr> 1444<tr> 1445<td> </td> 1446<td><a href="shortcuts.html">shortcuts</a></td> 1447<td>Manage macOS shortcuts</td> 1448</tr> 1449<tr> 1450<td> </td> 1451<td><a href="shutdown.html">shutdown</a></td> 1452<td>Shutdown or restart macOS</td> 1453</tr> 1454<tr> 1455<td> </td> 1456<td><a href="sips.html">sips</a></td> 1457<td>Scriptable image processing system</td> 1458</tr> 1459<tr> 1460<td> </td> 1461<td><a href="sleep.html">sleep</a></td> 1462<td>Delay for a specified time</td> 1463</tr> 1464<tr> 1465<td> </td> 1466<td><a href="sfltool.html">sfltool</a></td> 1467<td>Test and debug SharedFileLists & Login items</td> 1468</tr> 1469<tr> 1470<td> </td> 1471<td><a href="sntp.html">sntp</a></td> 1472<td>Simple Network Time Protocol client program</td> 1473</tr> 1474<tr> 1475<td> </td> 1476<td><a href="softwareupdate.html">softwareupdate</a></td> 1477<td>System software update tool</td> 1478</tr> 1479<tr> 1480<td> </td> 1481<td><a href="sort.html">sort</a></td> 1482<td>Sort text files</td> 1483</tr> 1484<tr> 1485<td> </td> 1486<td><a href="source.html">source</a></td> 1487<td>Execute commands from a file •</td> 1488</tr> 1489<tr> 1490<td> </td> 1491<td><a href="spctl.html">spctl</a></td> 1492<td>Security assessment policy/Gatekeeper</td> 1493</tr> 1494<tr> 1495<td> </td> 1496<td><a href="split.html">split</a></td> 1497<td>Split a file into fixed-size pieces</td> 1498</tr> 1499<tr> 1500<td> </td> 1501<td><a href="sqlite3.html">sqlite3</a></td> 1502<td>SQL database (download history)</td> 1503</tr> 1504<tr> 1505<td> </td> 1506<td><a href="srm.html">srm</a></td> 1507<td>Securely remove files or directories</td> 1508</tr> 1509<tr> 1510<td> </td> 1511<td><a href="stat.html">stat</a></td> 1512<td>Display the status of a file</td> 1513</tr> 1514<tr> 1515<td> </td> 1516<td><a href="jobs.html">stop</a></td> 1517<td>Stop a job or process</td> 1518</tr> 1519<tr> 1520<td> </td> 1521<td><a href="su.html">su</a></td> 1522<td>Substitute user identity</td> 1523</tr> 1524<tr> 1525<td> </td> 1526<td><a href="sudo.html">sudo</a></td> 1527<td>Execute a command as another user</td> 1528</tr> 1529<tr> 1530<td> </td> 1531<td><a href="cksum.html">sum</a></td> 1532<td>Print a checksum for a file</td> 1533</tr> 1534<tr> 1535<td> </td> 1536<td><a href="suspend.html">suspend</a></td> 1537<td>Suspend execution of this shell •</td> 1538</tr> 1539<tr> 1540<td> </td> 1541<td><a href="sw_vers.html">sw_vers</a></td> 1542<td>Print macOS Operating System version</td> 1543</tr> 1544<tr> 1545<td> </td> 1546<td><a href="sysadminctl.html">sysadminctl</a></td> 1547<td>Administer system user accounts</td> 1548</tr> 1549<tr> 1550<td> </td> 1551<td><a href="sysctl.html">sysctl</a></td> 1552<td>Get or set kernel state</td> 1553</tr> 1554<tr> 1555<td> </td> 1556<td><a href="system_profiler.html">system_profiler</a></td> 1557<td>Report system configuration</td> 1558</tr> 1559<tr> 1560<td> </td> 1561<td><a href="systemsetup.html">systemsetup</a></td> 1562<td>Computer and display system settings</td> 1563</tr> 1564<tr> 1565<td><a id="t" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">T</span></td> 1566<td> </td> 1567<td> </td> 1568</tr> 1569<tr> 1570<td> </td> 1571<td><a href="tabs.html">tabs</a></td> 1572<td>Set terminal tabs</td> 1573</tr> 1574<tr> 1575<td> </td> 1576<td><a href="tab2space.html">tab2space</a></td> 1577<td>Expand tabs and ensure consistent cr/lf line endings</td> 1578</tr> 1579<tr> 1580<td> </td> 1581<td><a href="tail.html">tail</a></td> 1582<td>Output the last part of files</td> 1583</tr> 1584<tr> 1585<td> </td> 1586<td><a href="tar.html">tar</a></td> 1587<td>Tape ARchiver</td> 1588</tr> 1589<tr> 1590<td> </td> 1591<td><a href="taskpolicy.html">taskpolicy</a></td> 1592<td>
1592<h4 id="taskpolicy">Control scheduling of processes</h4></td> 1593</tr> 1594<tr> 1595<td> </td> 1596<td><a href="tccutil.html">tccutil</a></td> 1597<td>Manage the privacy database</td> 1598</tr> 1599<tr> 1600<td> </td> 1601<td><a href="tcpdump.html">tcpdump</a></td> 1602<td>Dump traffic on a network</td> 1603</tr> 1604<tr> 1605<td> </td> 1606<td><a href="tee.html">tee</a></td> 1607<td>Redirect output to multiple files</td> 1608</tr> 1609<tr> 1610<td> </td> 1611<td><a href="test.html">test</a></td> 1612<td>Condition evaluation •</td> 1613</tr> 1614<tr> 1615<td> </td> 1616<td><a href="textutil.html">textutil</a></td> 1617<td>Manipulate text files in various formats (Doc,html,rtf)</td> 1618</tr> 1619<tr> 1620<td> </td> 1621<td><a href="time.html">time</a></td> 1622<td>Measure Program Resource Use</td> 1623</tr> 1624<tr> 1625<td> </td> 1626<td><a href="times.html">times</a></td> 1627<td>Print shell & shell process times •</td> 1628</tr> 1629<tr> 1630<td> </td> 1631<td><a href="tmutil.html">tmutil</a></td> 1632<td>Time Machine utility</td> 1633</tr> 1634<tr> 1635<td> </td> 1636<td><a href="top.html">top</a></td> 1637<td>Display process information</td> 1638</tr> 1639<tr> 1640<td> </td> 1641<td><a href="touch.html">touch</a></td> 1642<td>Change file timestamps</td> 1643</tr> 1644<tr> 1645<td> </td> 1646<td><a href="tput.html">tput</a></td> 1647<td>Set terminal-dependent capabilities, colour, position</td> 1648</tr> 1649<tr> 1650<td> </td> 1651<td><a href="tr.html">tr</a></td> 1652<td>Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters</td> 1653</tr> 1654<tr> 1655<td> </td> 1656<td><a href="trap.html">trap</a></td> 1657<td>Execute a command when the shell receives a signal •</td> 1658</tr> 1659<tr> 1660<td> </td> 1661<td><a href="traceroute.html">traceroute</a></td> 1662<td>Trace Route to Host</td> 1663</tr> 1664<tr> 1665<td> </td> 1666<td><a href="traceroute6.html">traceroute6</a></td> 1667<td>Trace IPv6 Route to Host</td> 1668</tr> 1669<tr> 1670<td> </td> 1671<td><a href="trash.html">trash</a></td> 1672<td>Move files and directories to the trash</td> 1673</tr> 1674<tr> 1675<td> </td> 1676<td><a href="trimforce.html">trimforce</a></td> 1677<td>Enable TRIM commands on third-party drives</td> 1678</tr> 1679<tr> 1680<td> </td> 1681<td><a href="true.html">true</a></td> 1682<td>Do nothing, successfully</td> 1683</tr> 1684<tr> 1685<td> </td> 1686<td><a href="tty.html">tty</a></td> 1687<td>Print filename of terminal on stdin</td> 1688</tr> 1689<tr> 1690<td> </td> 1691<td><a href="type.html">type</a></td> 1692<td>Describe a command •</td> 1693</tr> 1694<tr> 1695<td> </td> 1696<td><a href="typeset-zsh.html">typeset</a></td> 1697<td>Set or display attributes and values for shell parameters â«</td> 1698</tr> 1699<tr> 1700<td><a id="u" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">U</span></td> 1701<td> </td> 1702<td> </td> 1703</tr> 1704<tr> 1705<td> </td> 1706<td>ufs.util</td> 1707<td>Mount/unmount UFS file system</td> 1708</tr> 1709<tr> 1710<td> </td> 1711<td><a href="ulimit.html">ulimit</a></td> 1712<td>limit the use of system-wide resources •</td> 1713</tr> 1714<tr> 1715<td> </td> 1716<td><a href="umask.html">umask</a></td> 1717<td>Users file creation mask</td> 1718</tr> 1719<tr> 1720<td> </td> 1721<td><a href="umount.html">umount</a></td> 1722<td>Unmount a device</td> 1723</tr> 1724<tr> 1725<td> </td> 1726<td><a href="alias.html">unalias</a></td> 1727<td>Remove an alias •</td> 1728</tr> 1729<tr> 1730<td> </td> 1731<td><a href="uname.html">uname</a></td> 1732<td>Print the Darwin OS Kernel version / release / machine name</td> 1733</tr> 1734<tr> 1735<td> </td> 1736<td><a href="expand.html">unexpand</a></td> 1737<td>Convert spaces to tabs</td> 1738</tr> 1739<tr> 1740<td> </td> 1741<td><a href="uniq.html">uniq</a></td> 1742<td>Uniquify files</td> 1743</tr> 1744<tr> 1745<td> </td> 1746<td><a href="units.html">units</a></td> 1747<td>Convert units from one scale to another</td> 1748</tr> 1749<tr> 1750<td> </td> 1751<td><a href="unset.html">unset</a></td> 1752<td>Remove variable or function names •</td> 1753</tr> 1754<tr> 1755<td> </td> 1756<td><a href="while.html">until</a></td> 1757<td>Loop command •</td> 1758</tr> 1759<tr> 1760<td> </td> 1761<td><a href="uptime.html">uptime</a></td> 1762<td>Show how long system has been running</td> 1763</tr> 1764<tr> 1765<td> </td> 1766<td><a href="users.html">users</a></td> 1767<td>Print login names of users currently logged in</td> 1768</tr> 1769<tr> 1770<td> </td> 1771<td><a href="until.html">until</a></td> 1772<td>Execute commands (until error)</td> 1773</tr> 1774<tr> 1775<td> </td> 1776<td><a href="unzip.html">unzip</a></td> 1777<td>List, test and extract compressed files from a ZIP archive</td> 1778</tr> 1779<tr> 1780<td> </td> 1781<td><a href="uuencode.html">uuencode</a></td> 1782<td>Encode a binary file</td> 1783</tr> 1784<tr> 1785<td> </td> 1786<td><a href="uudecode.html">uudecode</a></td> 1787<td>Decode a file created by uuencode</td> 1788</tr> 1789<tr> 1790<td> </td> 1791<td><a href="uuidgen.html">uuidgen</a></td> 1792<td>Generate a Unique ID (UUID/GUID)</td> 1793</tr> 1794<tr> 1795<td> </td> 1796<td>uucp</td> 1797<td>Unix to Unix copy</td> 1798</tr> 1799<tr> 1800<td><a id="v" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">V</span></td> 1801<td> </td> 1802<td> </td> 1803</tr> 1804<tr> 1805<td> </td> 1806<td><a href="../vi.html">vi</a></td> 1807<td>Text Editor</td> 1808</tr> 1809<tr> 1810<td> </td> 1811<td>vifs</td> 1812<td>Safely edit fstab</td> 1813</tr> 1814<tr> 1815<td><a id="w" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">W</span></td> 1816<td> </td> 1817<td> </td> 1818</tr> 1819<tr> 1820<td> </td> 1821<td><a href="w.html">w</a></td> 1822<td>Show who is logged on and what they are doing</td> 1823</tr> 1824<tr> 1825<td> </td> 1826<td><a href="wait.html">wait</a></td> 1827<td>Wait for a process to complete •</td> 1828</tr> 1829<tr> 1830<td> </td> 1831<td>wait4path</td> 1832<td>Wait for given path to show up in the namespace</td> 1833</tr> 1834<tr> 1835<td> </td> 1836<td><a href="wall.html">wall</a></td> 1837<td>Write a message to users</td> 1838</tr> 1839<tr> 1840<td> </td> 1841<td><a href="wc.html">wc</a></td> 1842<td>Print byte, word, and line counts</td> 1843</tr> 1844<tr> 1845<td> </td> 1846<td><a href="wdutil.html">wdutil</a></td> 1847<td>Wireless Diagnostics command line utility</td> 1848</tr> 1849<tr> 1850<td> </td> 1851<td><a href="whatis.html">whatis</a></td> 1852<td>Search the whatis database for complete words</td> 1853</tr> 1854<tr> 1855<td> </td> 1856<td><a href="whence.html">whence</a></td> 1857<td>Locate a program file in the userâs path (zsh)</td> 1858</tr> 1859<tr> 1860<td> </td> 1861<td><a href="whereis.html">whereis</a></td> 1862<td>Locate a program</td> 1863</tr> 1864<tr> 1865<td> </td> 1866<td><a href="which.html">which</a></td> 1867<td>Locate a program file in the userâs path</td> 1868</tr> 1869<tr> 1870<td> </td> 1871<td><a href="while.html">while</a></td> 1872<td>Loop command •</td> 1873</tr> 1874<tr> 1875<td> </td> 1876<td><a href="who.html">who</a></td> 1877<td>Print all usernames currently logged on</td> 1878</tr> 1879<tr> 1880<td> </td> 1881<td><a href="id.html">whoami</a></td> 1882<td>Print the current user id and name ('id -un')</td> 1883</tr> 1884<tr> 1885<td> </td> 1886<td><a href="write.html">write</a></td> 1887<td>Send a message to another user</td> 1888</tr> 1889<tr> 1890<td><a id="x" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">X</span></td> 1891<td> </td> 1892<td> </td> 1893</tr> 1894<tr> 1895<td> </td> 1896<td><a href="xargs.html">xargs</a></td> 1897<td>Execute utility - passing arguments</td> 1898</tr> 1899<tr> 1900<td> </td> 1901<td><a href="xattr.html">xattr</a></td> 1902<td>Display and manipulate extended attributes</td> 1903</tr> 1904<tr> 1905<td> </td> 1906<td><a href="xcode-select.html">xcode-select</a></td> 1907<td>Install the command line developer tools</td> 1908</tr> 1909<tr> 1910<td> </td> 1911<td><a href="xcrun.html">xcrun</a></td> 1912<td>Run or locate development tools and properties</td> 1913</tr> 1914<tr> 1915<td> </td> 1916<td><a href="xxd.html">xxd</a></td> 1917<td>Make a hexdump or do the reverse</td> 1918</tr> 1919<tr> 1920<td><a id="y" tabindex="-1"></a><a id="z" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ix">
1920Y</span></td> 1921<td> </td> 1922<td> </td> 1923</tr> 1924<tr> 1925<td> </td> 1926<td><a href="yes.html">yes</a></td> 1927<td>Print a string until interrupted</td> 1928</tr> 1929<tr> 1930<td> </td> 1931<td><a href="zip.html">zip</a></td> 1932<td>Package and compress (archive) files</td> 1933</tr> 1934<tr> 1935<td> </td> 1936<td><a href="bang.html">!!</a></td> 1937<td>Run the last command again</td> 1938</tr> 1939<tr> 1940<td> </td> 1941<td>#</td> 1942<td>Comment / Remark</td> 1943</tr> 1944</table> 1945 1946<p>Commands marked • are <b>bash</b> built-in commands.<br> 1947Commands marked â« are <a href="zsh.html"><b>Zsh</b> built-in</a> commands.</p> 1948<p>In macOS Catalina the <a href="syntax-profile.html">default shell</a> was changed to Zsh, each page has a link to the Zsh variant where they are different.<br> 1949The shells supplied by Apple are often years out of date, so many people prefer to install the latest bash shell using <a href="brew.html">homebrew</a>.</p> 1950<p>To scroll this page, press [ aâz ] on the keyboard, or backslash '<span class="code">\</span>' to Search.<br><br> 1951See also: <a href="../links/mac.html">Websites, Books, Apps & Utilities</a> for macOS.</p> 1952<p class="quote">âMac OS X is a rock-solid system thatâs beautifully designed. I much prefer it to Linuxâ ~ <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325223816/https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.12/billjoy.html">Bill Joy</a></p><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/foot_menu.lbi" --><hr> 1953<div id=bl> </div> 1954<div id=br>Copyright © 1999-2026 <a href="https://ss64.com/">SS64.com</a><br> 1955Some rights reserved</div><!-- #EndLibraryItem --></body> 1956</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.