1<!doctype html> 2<html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> 3 4<head> 5 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 6 <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> 7 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> 8 9 <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> 10 11 <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ --> 12 <title>Blog - IEA Kenya</title> 13 <link rel="canonical" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blogs/" /> 14 <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> 15 <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 16 <meta property="og:title" content="Blog - IEA Kenya" /> 17 <meta property="og:url" content="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blogs/" /> 18 <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEA Kenya" /> 19 <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IEAKe" /> 20 <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-07-15T10:36:35+00:00" /> 21 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 22 <meta name="twitter:site" content="@IEAKenya" /> 23
23<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/blogs\/","url":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/blogs\/","name":"Blog - IEA Kenya","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-04-13T12:49:27+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-15T10:36:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/blogs\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/blogs\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/blogs\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blog"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/","name":"IEA Kenya","description":"To inform decision-making in Kenya through policy innovation, research, analysis and dialogues.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#organization","name":"IEA Kenya","url":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/logo-1.png","width":100,"height":83,"caption":"IEA Kenya"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IEAKe","https:\/\/x.com\/IEAKenya","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ieakenya\/?hl=en","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC9juk8ErovZ4OyzmFscFRaw"]}]}</script>
23 24 <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> 25 26 27<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> 28<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fieakenya.or.ke%2Fblogs%2F" /> 29<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fieakenya.or.ke%2Fblogs%2F&format=xml" /> 30<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 31img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 32/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 33</style> 34<link rel='stylesheet' id='twb-open-sans-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,500,600,700,800&display=swap&ver=7.1.2' media='all' /> 35<link rel='stylesheet' id='twbbwg-global-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/booster/assets/css/global.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> 36<link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=7.1.2' media='all' /> 37<link rel='stylesheet' id='post-views-counter-frontend-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/css/frontend.css?ver=1.7.15' media='all' /> 38<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css"> 39 40 img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { 41 display: inline !important; 42 border: none !important; 43 box-shadow: none !important; 44 height: 1em !important; 45 width: 1em !important; 46 margin: 0 0.07em !important; 47 vertical-align: -0.1em !important; 48 background: none !important; 49 padding: 0 !important; 50 } 51/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */ 52</style> 53<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css"> 54:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
54--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} 55 56/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */ 57</style> 58<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 59/*! This file is auto-generated */ 60.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} 61/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */ 62</style> 63 64<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 65:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
650) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
65.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} 66/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 67</style> 68 69<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdm-fonticon-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/wpdm-iconfont/css/wpdm-icons.css?ver=7.1.2' media='all' /> 70<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdm-front-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/css/front.min.css?ver=3.3.71' media='all' /> 71<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdm-front-dark-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/css/front-dark.min.css?ver=3.3.71' media='all' /> 72<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdm-modal-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/modal/wpdm-modal.min.css?ver=3.3.71' media='all' /> 73<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpfc-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/gs-facebook-comments/public/css/wpfc-public.css?ver=1.7.5' media='all' /> 74<link rel='stylesheet' id='bwg_fonts-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/css/bwg-fonts/fonts.css?ver=0.0.1' media='all' /> 75<link rel='stylesheet' id='sumoselect-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/css/sumoselect.min.css?ver=3.4.6' media='all' /> 76<link rel='stylesheet' id='mCustomScrollbar-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/css/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.css?ver=3.1.5' media='all' /> 77<link rel='stylesheet' id='bwg_googlefonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu&subset=greek,latin,greek-ext,vietnamese,cyrillic-ext,latin-ext,cyrillic' media='all' /> 78<link rel='stylesheet' id='bwg_frontend-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/css/styles.min.css?ver=1.8.47' media='all' /> 79<link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-theme-style-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/style.css?ver=2.5' media='all' /> 80<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdreams-asl-basic-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/ajax-search-lite/css/style.basic.css?ver=4.14.5' media='all' /> 81<style id="wpdreams-asl-basic-inline-css"> 82 83 div[id*='ajaxsearchlitesettings'].searchsettings .asl_option_inner label { 84 font-size: 0px !important; 85 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); 86 } 87 div[id*='ajaxsearchlitesettings'].searchsettings .asl_option_inner label:after { 88 font-size: 11px !important; 89 position: absolute; 90 top: 0; 91 left: 0; 92 z-index: 1; 93 } 94 .asl_w_container { 95 width: 100%; 96 margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px; 97 min-width: 200px; 98 } 99 div[id*='ajaxsearchlite'].asl_m { 100 width: 100%; 101 } 102 div[id*='ajaxsearchliteres'].wpdreams_asl_results div.resdrg span.highlighted { 103 font-weight: bold; 104 color: rgba(217, 49, 43, 1); 105 background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 1); 106 } 107 div[id*='ajaxsearchliteres'].wpdreams_asl_results .results img.asl_image { 108 width: 70px; 109 height: 70px; 110 object-fit: cover; 111 } 112 div[id*='ajaxsearchlite'].asl_r .results { 113 max-height: none; 114 } 115 div[id*='ajaxsearchlite'].asl_r { 116 position: absolute; 117 } 118 119 div.asl_r.asl_w.vertical .results .item::after { 120 display: block; 121 position: absolute; 122 bottom: 0; 123 content: ''; 124 height: 1px; 125 width: 100%; 126 background: #D8D8D8; 127 } 128 div.asl_r.asl_w.vertical .results .item.asl_last_item::after { 129 display: none; 130 } 131 132/*# sourceURL=wpdreams-asl-basic-inline-css */ 133</style> 134<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdreams-asl-instance-css' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/ajax-search-lite/css/style-underline.css?ver=4.14.5' media='all' />
135<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 135
135
136<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 136
136
137<script id="twbbwg-circle-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/booster/assets/js/circle-progress.js?ver=1.2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 137
137
138<script id="twbbwg-global-js-extra"> 139var twb = {"nonce":"28c7eff7b9","ajax_url":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","plugin_url":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/booster","href":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-admin/admin.php?page=twbbwg_photo-gallery"}; 140var twb = {"nonce":"28c7eff7b9","ajax_url":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","plugin_url":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/booster","href":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-admin/admin.php?page=twbbwg_photo-gallery"}; 141//# sourceURL=twbbwg-global-js-extra 142</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 142
142
143<script id="twbbwg-global-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/booster/assets/js/global.js?ver=1.0.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 143
143
144<script id="wpdm-modal-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/modal/wpdm-modal.min.js?ver=3.3.71"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 144
144
145<script id="wpdm-frontend-js-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/js/wpdm.min.js?ver=7.1.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 145
145
146<script id="wpdm-frontjs-js-extra"> 147var wpdm_url = {"home":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/","site":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/","ajax":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"}; 148var wpdm_js = {"spinner":"\u003Ci class=\"wpdm-icon wpdm-sun wpdm-spin\"\u003E\u003C/i\u003E","client_id":"47aef6c653bc06b74d1be76d96843c17"}; 149var wpdm_strings = {"pass_var":"Password Verified!","pass_var_q":"Please click following button to start download.","start_dl":"Start Download"}; 150//# sourceURL=wpdm-frontjs-js-extra 151</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 151
151
152<script id="wpdm-frontjs-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/download-manager/assets/js/front.min.js?ver=3.3.71"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 152
152
153<script id="wpfc-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/gs-facebook-comments/public/js/wpfc-public.js?ver=1.7.5"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 153
153
154<script id="sumoselect-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/js/jquery.sumoselect.min.js?ver=3.4.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 154
154
155<script id="bwg_mobile-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/js/tocca.min.js?ver=2.0.9"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 155
155
156<script id="mCustomScrollbar-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/js/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.concat.min.js?ver=3.1.5"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 156
156
157<script id="jquery-fullscreen-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/js/jquery.fullscreen.min.js?ver=0.6.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 157
157
158<script id="bwg_frontend-js-extra"> 159var bwg_objectsL10n = {"bwg_field_required":"field is required.","bwg_mail_validation":"This is not a valid email address.","bwg_search_result":"There are no images matching your search.","bwg_select_tag":"Select Tag","bwg_order_by":"Order By","bwg_search":"Search","bwg_show_ecommerce":"Show Ecommerce","bwg_hide_ecommerce":"Hide Ecommerce","bwg_show_comments":"Show Comments","bwg_hide_comments":"Hide Comments","bwg_restore":"Restore","bwg_maximize":"Maximize","bwg_fullscreen":"Fullscreen","bwg_exit_fullscreen":"Exit Fullscreen","bwg_search_tag":"SEARCH...","bwg_tag_no_match":"No tags found","bwg_all_tags_selected":"All tags selected","bwg_tags_selected":"tags selected","play":"Play","pause":"Pause","is_pro":"","bwg_play":"Play","bwg_pause":"Pause","bwg_hide_info":"Hide info","bwg_show_info":"Show info","bwg_hide_rating":"Hide rating","bwg_show_rating":"Show rating","ok":"Ok","cancel":"Cancel","select_all":"Select all","lazy_load":"0","lazy_loader":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/images/ajax_loader.png","front_ajax":"0","bwg_tag_see_all":"see all tags","bwg_tag_see_less":"see less tags"}; 160//# sourceURL=bwg_frontend-js-extra 161</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 161
161
162<script id="bwg_frontend-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/photo-gallery/js/scripts.min.js?ver=1.8.47"></script>
162 163 164<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> 165<!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit -->
vendor: 80 bytes, lines 165-166
165 166<script id="google_gtagjs-js" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
166G-6X5TJD1460
vendor: 18 bytes, line 166
166" async></script>
167<script id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> 168window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 169gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["ieakenya.or.ke"]}); 170gtag("js", new Date()); 171gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); 172gtag("config", "G-6X5TJD1460"); 173//# sourceURL=google_gtagjs-js-after 174</script>
174 175<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/1908" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 176<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1.2" /> 177<link rel='shortlink' href='https://ieakenya.or.ke/?p=1908' /> 178<meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.188.0" /> 179<!-- Google AdSense meta tags added by Site Kit --> 180<meta name="google-adsense-platform-account" content="ca-host-pub-2644536267352236"> 181<meta name="google-adsense-platform-domain" content="sitekit.withgoogle.com"> 182<!-- End Google AdSense meta tags added by Site Kit --> 183 <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> 184 <link rel="preload" as="style" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans&display=swap" /> 185 <link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans&display=swap" media="all" /> 186 <link rel="icon" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> 187<link rel="icon" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> 188<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/favicon.png" /> 189<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/favicon.png" /> 190<meta name="generator" content="WordPress Download Manager 3.3.71" /> 191 <style> 192 /* WPDM Link Template Styles */ </style> 193 <style> 194 195 :root { 196 --color-primary: #4a8eff; 197 --color-primary-rgb: 74, 142, 255; 198 --color-primary-hover: #5998ff; 199 --color-primary-active: #3281ff; 200 --clr-sec: #6c757d; 201 --clr-sec-rgb: 108, 117, 125; 202 --clr-sec-hover: #6c757d; 203 --clr-sec-active: #6c757d; 204 --color-secondary: #6c757d; 205 --color-secondary-rgb: 108, 117, 125; 206 --color-secondary-hover: #6c757d; 207 --color-secondary-active: #6c757d; 208 --color-success: #018e11; 209 --color-success-rgb: 1, 142, 17; 210 --color-success-hover: #0aad01; 211 --color-success-active: #0c8c01; 212 --color-info: #2CA8FF; 213 --color-info-rgb: 44, 168, 255; 214 --color-info-hover: #2CA8FF; 215 --color-info-active: #2CA8FF; 216 --color-warning: #FFB236; 217 --color-warning-rgb: 255, 178, 54; 218 --color-warning-hover: #FFB236; 219 --color-warning-active: #FFB236; 220 --color-danger: #ff5062; 221 --color-danger-rgb: 255, 80, 98; 222 --color-danger-hover: #ff5062; 223 --color-danger-active: #ff5062; 224 --color-green: #30b570; 225 --color-blue: #0073ff; 226 --color-purple: #8557D3;
227 --color-red: #ff5062; 228 --color-muted: rgba(69, 89, 122, 0.6); 229 --wpdm-font: "Sen", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; 230 } 231 232 .wpdm-download-link.btn.btn-primary { 233 border-radius: 4px; 234 } 235 236 237 </style> 238 239 <!-- Favicon --> 240 <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/images/favicon.png"> 241 242 <!-- CSS 243 ============================================ --> 244 245 <!-- Bootstrap CSS --> 246 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=2.2"> 247 <!-- Icon Font CSS --> 248 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/css/icons.min.css?v=2.2"> 249 <!-- Plugins CSS --> 250 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/css/plugins.css?v=2.3"> 251 <!-- Main Style CSS --> 252 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/css/style.css?v=2.3"> 253 254 255 <!-- Theme CSS --> 256 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/css/theme.css?v=2.2"> 257 258 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/css/theme-elements.css?v=2.2"> 259 260 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/css/settings.css?v=2.2" media="screen"> 261 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/css/select2.min.css?v=2.2" /> 262
262<script src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=607586034d1bac0012adf754&product=inline-share-buttons" async></script>
262 263 264 265</head> 266<body class="wp-singular page-template page-template-page-templates page-template-blogs page-template-page-templatesblogs-php page page-id-1908 wp-custom-logo wp-theme-custom2"> 267 268<!-- style="background-image:url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/images/header-shape.png);" --> 269 270<header class="header-area"> 271 272 <div class="header-bottom sticky-bar clearfix"> 273 <div class="container"> 274 <div class="row "> 275 <div class="col-md-1"> 276 <div class="logo"> 277 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke"> 278 <img alt="" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/images/logo.png"><br><br> 279 </a> 280 </div> 281 </div> 282 <div class="col-md-11"><br> 283 <div class="header-contact hidden-sm hidden-xs"> 284 <div class="row "> 285 <div class="col-md-8"> 286 <div class="main-menu"> 287 <nav> 288 <ul> 289 <li id="nav-menu-item-1888" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/bulletins-and-briefs/" class=" ">Publications</a></li> 290<li id="nav-menu-item-2047" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-all_events"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/all_events/events/" class=" ">Events</a></li> 291<li id="nav-menu-item-1910" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-1908 current_page_item"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blogs/" class=" ">Blog</a></li> 292<li id="nav-menu-item-1812" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/membership/" class=" ">Membership</a></li> 293<li id="nav-menu-item-1661" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/" class=" ">About</a></li> 294 </ul> 295 </nav> 296 </div> 297 </div> 298 <div class="col-md-4"> 299 <ul> 300 <!--<li><i class="fa fa-phone"></i> +254 (020) 272 1262 / (020) 271 7402 </li> 301 <li><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i><a href="#">[email protected]</a></li>--> 302 <li><div class="gtranslate_wrapper" id="gt-wrapper-12319914"></div></li> 303 <li><div class="asl_w_container asl_w_container_1" data-id="1" data-instance="1"> 304 <div id='ajaxsearchlite1' 305 data-id="1" 306 data-instance="1" 307 class="asl_w asl_m asl_m_1 asl_m_1_1"> 308 <div class="probox"> 309 310 311 <div class='prosettings' style='display:none;' data-opened=0> 312 <div class='innericon'> 313 <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve"> 314 <polygon transform = "rotate(90 256 256)" points="142.332,104.886 197.48,50 402.5,256 197.48,462 142.332,407.113 292.727,256 "/> 315 </svg> 316 </div> 317 </div> 318 319 320 321 <div class='proinput'> 322 <form role="search" action='#' autocomplete="off" 323 aria-label="Search form"> 324 <input aria-label="Search input" 325 type='search' class='orig' 326 tabindex="0" 327 name='phrase' 328 placeholder='Search here..' 329 value='' 330 autocomplete="off"/> 331 <input aria-label="Search autocomplete input" 332 type='text' 333 class='autocomplete' 334 tabindex="-1" 335 name='phrase' 336 value='' 337 autocomplete="off" disabled/> 338 <input type='submit' value="Start search" style='width:0; height: 0; visibility: hidden;'> 339 </form> 340 </div> 341 342 343 344 <button class='promagnifier' tabindex="0" aria-label="Search magnifier button"> 345 <span class='innericon' style="display:block;"> 346 <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve"> 347 <path d="M460.355,421.59L353.844,315.078c20.041-27.553,31.885-61.437,31.885-98.037 348 C385.729,124.934,310.793,50,218.686,50C126.58,50,51.645,124.934,51.645,217.041c0,92.106,74.936,167.041,167.041,167.041 349 c34.912,0,67.352-10.773,94.184-29.158L419.945,462L460.355,421.59z M100.631,217.041c0-65.096,52.959-118.056,118.055-118.056 350 c65.098,0,118.057,52.959,118.057,118.056c0,65.096-52.959,118.056-118.057,118.056C153.59,335.097,100.631,282.137,100.631,217.041 351 z"/> 352 </svg> 353 </span> 354 </button> 355 356 357 358 <div class='proloading'> 359 360 <div class="asl_loader"><div class="asl_loader-inner asl_simple-circle"></div></div> 361 362 </div> 363 364 <div class='proclose'> 365 <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" 366 y="0px" 367 width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" 368 xml:space="preserve"> 369 <polygon points="438.393,374.595 319.757,255.977 438.378,137.348 374.595,73.607 255.995,192.225 137.375,73.622 73.607,137.352 192.246,255.983 73.622,374.625 137.352,438.393 256.002,319.734 374.652,438.378 "/> 370 </svg> 371 </div> 372 373 374</div> </div> 375 <div class='asl_data_container' style="display:none !important;"> 376 <div class="asl_init_data wpdreams_asl_data_ct" 377 style="display:none !important;" 378 id="asl_init_id_1" 379 data-asl-id="1" 380 data-asl-instance="1" 381 data-settings="{"homeurl":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/","resultstype":"vertical","resultsposition":"hover","itemscount":4,"charcount":0,"minWordLength":2,"highlight":false,"highlightWholewords":true,"singleHighlight":false,"scrollToResults":{"enabled":false,"offset":0},"resultareaclickable":1,"autocomplete":{"enabled":true,"lang":"en","trigger_charcount":0},"mobile":{"menu_selector":"#menu-toggle"},"trigger":{"click":"results_page","click_location":"same","update_href":false,"return":"results_page","return_location":"same","facet":true,"type":true,"redirect_url":"?s={phrase}","delay":300},"animations":{"pc":{"settings":{"anim":"fadedrop","dur":300},"results":{"anim":"fadedrop","dur":300},"items":"voidanim"},"mob":{"settings":{"anim":"fadedrop","dur":300},"results":{"anim":"fadedrop","dur":300},"items":"voidanim"}},"autop":{"state":true,"phrase":"","count":"1"},"resPage":{"useAjax":false,"selector":"#main","trigger_type":true,"trigger_facet":true,"trigger_magnifier":false,"trigger_return":false},"resultsSnapTo":"left","results":{"width":"auto","width_tablet":"auto","width_phone":"auto"},"settingsimagepos":"right","closeOnDocClick":true,"overridewpdefault":false,"override_method":"get"}"></div> 382 <div id="asl_hidden_data"> 383 <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> 384 <filter id="aslblur"> 385 <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="4"/> 386 </filter> 387 </svg> 388 <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> 389 <filter id="no_aslblur"></filter> 390 </svg> 391 </div> 392 </div> 393 394 <div id='ajaxsearchliteres1' 395 class='vertical wpdreams_asl_results asl_w asl_r asl_r_1 asl_r_1_1'> 396 397 398 <div class="results"> 399 400 401 <div class="resdrg"> 402 </div> 403 404 405 </div> 406 407 408 409</div> 410 411 <div id='__original__ajaxsearchlitesettings1' 412 data-id="1" 413 class="searchsettings wpdreams_asl_settings asl_w asl_s asl_s_1"> 414 <form name='options' 415 aria-label="Search settings form" 416 autocomplete = 'off'> 417 418 419 420 <input type="hidden" name="filters_changed" style="display:none;
420" value="0"> 421 <input type="hidden" name="filters_initial" style="display:none;" value="1"> 422 423 <div class="asl_option_inner hiddend"> 424 <input type='hidden' name='qtranslate_lang' id='qtranslate_lang' 425 value='0'/> 426 </div> 427 428 429 430 <fieldset class="asl_sett_scroll"> 431 <legend style="display: none;">Generic selectors</legend> 432 <div class="asl_option" tabindex="0"> 433 <div class="asl_option_inner"> 434 <input type="checkbox" value="exact" 435 aria-label="Exact matches only" 436 name="asl_gen[]" /> 437 <div class="asl_option_checkbox"></div> 438 </div> 439 <div class="asl_option_label"> 440 Exact matches only </div> 441 </div> 442 <div class="asl_option" tabindex="0"> 443 <div class="asl_option_inner"> 444 <input type="checkbox" value="title" 445 aria-label="Search in title" 446 name="asl_gen[]" checked="checked"/> 447 <div class="asl_option_checkbox"></div> 448 </div> 449 <div class="asl_option_label"> 450 Search in title </div> 451 </div> 452 <div class="asl_option" tabindex="0"> 453 <div class="asl_option_inner"> 454 <input type="checkbox" value="content" 455 aria-label="Search in content" 456 name="asl_gen[]" checked="checked"/> 457 <div class="asl_option_checkbox"></div> 458 </div> 459 <div class="asl_option_label"> 460 Search in content </div> 461 </div> 462 <div class="asl_option_inner hiddend"> 463 <input type="checkbox" value="excerpt" 464 aria-label="Search in excerpt" 465 name="asl_gen[]" checked="checked"/> 466 <div class="asl_option_checkbox"></div> 467 </div> 468 </fieldset> 469 <fieldset class="asl_sett_scroll"> 470 <legend style="display: none;">Post Type Selectors</legend> 471 <div class="asl_option_inner hiddend"> 472 <input type="checkbox" value="post" 473 aria-label="Hidden option, ignore please" 474 name="customset[]" checked="checked"/> 475 </div> 476 <div class="asl_option_inner hiddend"> 477 <input type="checkbox" value="page" 478 aria-label="Hidden option, ignore please" 479 name="customset[]" checked="checked"/> 480 </div> 481 </fieldset> 482 </form> 483 </div> 484</div> 485</li> 486 </ul> 487 </div> 488 </div> 489 490 </div> 491 <div class="menu-cart-wrap hidden-sm hidden-xs"> 492 <div class="main-menu"> 493 <nav> 494 <ul> 495 <li id="nav-menu-item-2020" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/public-finance-management-2/" class=" ">Public Finance</a></li> 496<li id="nav-menu-item-2021" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/constitution-law-the-economy/" class=" ">Constitution & Law</a></li> 497<li id="nav-menu-item-2022" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/economic-regulation-and-competition-policy/" class=" ">Economic Regulation</a></li> 498<li id="nav-menu-item-2024" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/international-trade-and-development/" class=" ">Trade</a></li> 499<li id="nav-menu-item-2023" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/strategic-foresight/" class=" ">Futures</a></li> 500<li id="nav-menu-item-2026" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/special-programmes/" class=" ">Special Programme</a></li> 501<li id="nav-menu-item-2025" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/policy-engagement-communication/" class=" ">Communication</a></li> 502<li id="nav-menu-item-2225" class="main-menu-item submenu menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a target="_blank" href="#" class=" dropdown-toggle">Dashboard</a> 503<ul class="submenu">
504 <li id="nav-menu-item-3894" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya2.shinyapps.io/kenya_debt_counter/" class=" ">Public Debt Counter</a></li> 505 <li id="nav-menu-item-3895" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya.shinyapps.io/social_economic_trends/" class=" ">Social Economic Trends</a></li> 506 <li id="nav-menu-item-3893" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya.shinyapps.io/Public_Procurement_Risk_Index_Dashboard/" class=" ">PPIP</a></li> 507</ul> 508</li> 509 </ul> 510 </nav> 511 </div> 512 </div> 513 </div> 514 </div> 515 <div class="mobile-menu-area"> 516 <div class="mobile-menu"> 517 <button class="iea-mobile-menu-toggle" type="button" aria-controls="mobile-menu-active" aria-expanded="false"> 518 <span class="screen-reader-text">Open navigation menu</span> 519 <span aria-hidden="true"></span> 520 <span aria-hidden="true"></span> 521 <span aria-hidden="true"></span> 522 </button> 523 <nav id="mobile-menu-active" aria-label="Mobile navigation"> 524 <ul class="menu-overflow"> 525 <li id="nav-menu-item-2049" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/" class=" ">Home</a></li> 526<li id="nav-menu-item-2079" class="main-menu-item submenu menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#" class=" dropdown-toggle">Focus Areas</a> 527<ul class="submenu"> 528 <li id="nav-menu-item-2050" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/public-finance-management-2/" class=" ">Public Finance Management</a></li> 529 <li id="nav-menu-item-2051" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/constitution-law-the-economy/" class=" ">Constitution, Law & the Economy</a></li> 530 <li id="nav-menu-item-2052" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/economic-regulation-and-competition-policy/" class=" ">Economic Regulation and Competition Policy</a></li> 531 <li id="nav-menu-item-2053" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/international-trade-and-development/" class=" ">International Trade and Development</a></li> 532 <li id="nav-menu-item-2054" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/strategic-foresight/" class=" ">Strategic Foresight</a></li> 533 <li id="nav-menu-item-2055" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/policy-engagement-communication/" class=" ">Policy Engagement & Communication</a></li> 534 <li id="nav-menu-item-2056" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/focus-areas/special-programmes/" class=" ">Special Programme</a></li> 535</ul> 536</li> 537<li id="nav-menu-item-1992" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-1908 current_page_item"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blogs/" class=" ">Blog</a></li>
538<li id="nav-menu-item-2167" class="main-menu-item submenu menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#" class=" dropdown-toggle">Publications</a> 539<ul class="submenu"> 540 <li id="nav-menu-item-2169" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-wpdmcategory"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/bulletins-and-briefs/" class=" ">Bulletins and Briefs</a></li> 541 <li id="nav-menu-item-2170" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-wpdmcategory"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/research-papers/" class=" ">Research Papers</a></li> 542 <li id="nav-menu-item-2171" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-wpdmcategory"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/books/" class=" ">Books</a></li> 543 <li id="nav-menu-item-2168" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-wpdmcategory"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/presentations/" class=" ">Presentations</a></li> 544 <li id="nav-menu-item-2172" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-wpdmcategory"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/download-category/newsletters/" class=" ">Newsletters</a></li> 545</ul> 546</li> 547<li id="nav-menu-item-2057" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-all_events"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/all_events/events/" class=" ">Events</a></li> 548<li id="nav-menu-item-1994" class="main-menu-item menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/membership/" class=" ">Membership</a></li> 549<li id="nav-menu-item-2080" class="main-menu-item submenu menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#" class=" dropdown-toggle">About</a> 550<ul class="submenu"> 551 <li id="nav-menu-item-2048" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/annual-reports/" class=" ">Annual Reports & Financial Statements</a></li> 552 <li id="nav-menu-item-1981" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/governance/" class=" ">Governance</a></li> 553 <li id="nav-menu-item-1982" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/overview-of-iea/" class=" ">Overview of IEA</a></li> 554 <li id="nav-menu-item-1983" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/partners/" class=" ">Partners</a></li> 555 <li id="nav-menu-item-1984" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/contact-us/" class=" ">Contact Us</a></li> 556</ul> 557</li> 558<li id="nav-menu-item-4025" class="main-menu-item submenu menu-item-even menu-item-depth-0 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#" class=" dropdown-toggle">Dashboard</a> 559<ul class="submenu"> 560 <li id="nav-menu-item-4026" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya2.shinyapps.io/kenya_debt_counter/" class=" ">Public Debt Counter</a></li> 561 <li id="nav-menu-item-4027" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya.shinyapps.io/social_economic_trends/" class=" ">Social Economic Trends</a></li>
562 <li id="nav-menu-item-4028" class="sub-menu-item menu-item-odd menu-item-depth-1 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://ieakenya.shinyapps.io/Public_Procurement_Risk_Index_Dashboard/" class=" ">PPIP</a></li> 563</ul> 564</li> 565 </ul> 566 </nav> 567 </div> 568 </div> 569
569<script> 570 (function () { 571 function initialiseMobileMenu() { 572 var toggle = document.querySelector('.iea-mobile-menu-toggle'); 573 var menu = document.getElementById('mobile-menu-active'); 574 575 if (!toggle || !menu || toggle.dataset.menuInitialised) { 576 return; 577 } 578 579 toggle.dataset.menuInitialised = 'true'; 580 toggle.addEventListener('click', function () { 581 var isOpen = menu.classList.toggle('is-open'); 582 toggle.setAttribute('aria-expanded', isOpen ? 'true' : 'false'); 583 }); 584 } 585 586 if (document.readyState === 'loading') { 587 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialiseMobileMenu); 588 } else { 589 initialiseMobileMenu(); 590 } 591 }()); 592 </script>
592 593 </div> 594 </div> 595</header> 596 597<!--<div id="time_widget"> 598 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-facebook"> 599 <a href="https://web.facebook.com/IEAKe?_rdc=1&_rdr" target="_blank" ><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> 600 </div> 601 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-twitter"> 602 <a href="https://twitter.com/IEAKenya" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> 603 </div> 604 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-youtube"> 605 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9juk8ErovZ4OyzmFscFRaw" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a> 606 </div> 607 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-linkedin"> 608 <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-economic-affairs?trk=tyah&trkInfo=clickedVertical%3Acompany%2CclickedEntityId%3A1169683%2Cidx%3A4-2-7%2CtarId%3A1455535362901%2Ctas%3AInstitute%20of%20Economic%20A" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> 609 </div> 610 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-instagram"> 611 <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieakenya/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a> 612 </div> 613 <div class="widget_weather social-icons-flickr"> 614 <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/129823674@N08/albums" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-flickr"></i></a> 615 </div> 616 </div> --> 617<div class="row"> 618 <div class="col-md-12 mydarkbluebg1"></div> 619</div><br> 620 <div class="container"> 621 622<div class="main-menu aligntoleft"> 623 <nav> 624 <ul> 625 <li class="current-menu-item"><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/">Blog</a></li> 626 <li><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/number-of-the-week/">Number of the Week</a></li> 627 </ul> 628 </nav> 629 </div><br> 630 <hr> <h3> <h3>Blog</h3><br> 631 <div class="row"> 632 633 <div class="col-md-4 mylightgreybg"> 634 <!-- Browse by Title --> 635 <form method="post" > 636 637 <select name="newsevents" class="form-control" id="newsevents" onchange="document.location=this.value"> 638 <option value="" selected>Search by Title 639 <option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/to-what-extent-is-kenya-exposed-to-the-usa-economic-outcast-sanctions-on-iran/'>To what extent is Kenya exposed to the USA Economic Outcast Sanctions on Iran?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-has-been-here-before-contingent-liabilities-and-the-national-infrastructure-fund-act/'>Kenya Has Been Here Before: Contingent Liabilities and the National Infrastructure Fund Act<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-national-budget-a-matatu-ride-reflecting-fiscal-volatility-and-structural-inefficiencies/'>Kenyaâs National Budget: A Matatu Ride Reflecting Fiscal Volatility and Structural Inefficiencies<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ntsa-should-not-regulate-public-service-vehicle-fares/'>NTSA Should Not Regulate Public Service Vehicle Fares<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-would-it-mean-for-a-hypothetical-listing-of-space-x-on-nairobi-stock-exchange/'>What Would It Mean for a Hypothetical Listing of Space X On Nairobi Stock Exchange?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-arithmetic-of-ambition-what-kenyas-first-world-dream-really-requires/'>The Arithmetic of Ambition: What Kenya’s First-World Dream Really Requires?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-debt-borrow-today-pay-tomorrow/'>Kenya’s Debt: Borrow Today, Pay Tomorrow<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenya-should-reconsider-price-and-wage-control-policies/'>Why Kenya should Reconsider price and wage Control Policies.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-to-fulfil-the-constitutional-promise-for-free-primary-education-now/'>How to Fulfil the Constitutional Promise for Free Primary Education Now<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-july-is-key-in-kenyas-budget-cycle/'>Why July is Key in Kenya’s Budget Cycle<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-public-debt-blind-spot-the-missing-piece-in-debt-sustainability-analysis/'>Kenya’s Public Debt Blind Spot: The Missing Piece in Debt Sustainability Analysis<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/are-more-people-really-a-problem-evidence-from-the-simon-abundance-index/'>Are More People Really a Problem? Evidence from the Simon Abundance Index<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/excise-duties-and-regional-integration-is-kenya-undermining-its-biggest-export-market/'>Excise Duties and Regional Integration: Is Kenya Undermining Its Biggest Export Market?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-second-quarter-budget-pulse-inside-the-numbers-and-progress-for-fy-2025-26-budget-implementation/'>Kenyaâs Second Quarter Budget Pulse: Inside the Numbers and Progress for FY 2025/26 Budget Implementation<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-the-two-pot-system-a-viable-option-for-kenyas-pensioners/'>Is the Two-Pot System a Viable Option for Kenyaâs Pensioners?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-vat-system-under-strain-current-issues-and-what-needs-to-be-fixed/'>Kenyaâs VAT System Under Strain: Current Issues and What Needs to be Fixed<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-local-content-bill-2025-pain-wrapped-in-protection-notions/'>The Local Content Bill, 2025: Pain wrapped in Protection Notions<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/petroleum-price-shocks-fiscal-distortions-and-a-reform-roadmap-for-kenya-in-2026/'>Petroleum Price Shocks, Fiscal Distortions, and a Reform Roadmap for Kenya in 2026<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/saving-in-the-shadow-of-debt-does-kenya-have-the-fiscal-space-for-a-sovereign-wealth-fund/'>Saving in the Shadow of Debt: Does Kenya Have the Fiscal Space for a Sovereign Wealth Fund?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-fuel-prices-in-kenya-dont-tell-the-full-story-2019-2026/'>Why Fuel Prices in Kenya Donât Tell the Full Story (2019â2026)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/finance-bill-2026-legislating-in-reverse/'>Finance Bill 2026: Legislating in Reverse<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/fiscal-policy-in-an-era-of-global-instability-the-end-of-business-as-usual/'>Fiscal Policy in an era of Global Instability: The End of Business as Usual<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-opportunity-cost-of-kenyas-national-infrastru
639cture-fund/'>The Opportunity Cost of Kenyaâs National Infrastructure Fund<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-nuclear-power-the-dirtiest-and-deadliest-source-of-electricity/'>Is Nuclear Power the Dirtiest and Deadliest Source of Electricity?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/growth-is-good-and-growth-is-all-thats-required-notes-from-the-growth-summit-2026/'>Growth is Good and Growth is All Thatâs Required: Notes from the Growth Summit 2026<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/remembering-adam-smiths-work-the-devil-behind-kenyas-stagnation-in-the-fight-on-poverty/'>Remembering Adam Smithâs Work: The Devil Behind Kenyaâs Stagnation in the Fight on Poverty<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/an-overview-of-kenyas-tax-expenditures-from-silent-spending-to-fiscal-accountability/'>An Overview of Kenyaâs Tax Expenditures: From “Silent Spending” to Fiscal Accountability<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-securitization-a-fiscal-innovation-or-clever-debt-accounting/'>Is Securitization a Fiscal Innovation or Clever Debt Accounting?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/a-call-for-reform-of-kenyas-interbank-settlement-processes/'>A Call for Reform of Kenyaâs Interbank Settlement Processes<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/a-just-global-order-is-a-financing-question/'>A Just Global Order Is a Financing Question<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/rethinking-famine-in-kenya-why-kenyas-famines-are-not-just-ecological-but-economic/'>Rethinking Famine in Kenya: Why Kenyaâs Famines Are Not Just Ecological but Economic<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/fuel-relief-for-kenyans-amid-the-us-israel-war-on-iran-how-simple-policy-changes-could-cut-prices-at-the-pump/'>Fuel Relief for Kenyans Amid the US-Israel war on Iran: How Simple Policy Changes Could Cut Prices at the Pump<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-nssf-17-return-and-its-impact-on-competition-in-the-pension-industry/'>The NSSF 17% Return and its Impact on Competition in the Pension Industry<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-the-exit-from-sugar-safeguards-means-for-competition/'>What the Exit from Sugar Safeguards Means for Competition<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenya-needs-budget-writing-rules-a-law-and-economics-approach/'>Why Kenya Needs Budget Writing Rules: A Law and Economics Approach<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/from-audit-to-action-closing-leakages-in-kenyas-ministries-departments-and-agencies-mdas/'>From Audit to Action: Closing Leakages in Kenyaâs Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-parliament-should-take-performance-audits-seriously/'>Why Parliament Should Take Performance Audits Seriously<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-article-231-central-bank-of-kenya-is-not-a-fiscal-agent-of-the-government/'>The Article 231 Central Bank of Kenya is not a Fiscal Agent of the Government<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/lessons-for-kenyan-policymakers-and-citizens-from-the-failures-of-the-comesa-sugar-safeguard/'>Lessons for Kenyan policymakers and Citizens from the Failures of the COMESA Sugar Safeguard<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/beyond-access-why-kenyas-secondary-education-crisis-is-a-demand-supply-problem/'>Beyond Access: Why Kenyaâs Secondary Education Crisis Is a DemandâSupply Problem.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/when-budgets-shape-democracy-kenyas-2025-26-fiscal-choices-and-the-future-of-civic-space/'>When Budgets Shape Democracy: Kenyaâs 2025/26 Fiscal Choices and the Future of Civic Space<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-debt-story-structural-vulnerabilities-and-the-path-to-a-sustainable-trajectory/'>Kenyaâs Debt Story: Structural Vulnerabilities and the Path to a Sustainable Trajectory<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/understanding-kenyas-evolving-energy-mix-and-its-implications-for-reliability/'>Understanding Kenyaâs Evolving Energy Mix and Its Implications for Reliability<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/a-minimum-guarantee-price-for-sugar-cane-farmers/'>A Minimum Guarantee Price for Sugar Cane Farmers?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-does-the-2025-nobel-prize-in-economic-sciences-mean-for-economic-policy/'>What does the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences mean for Economic Policy?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/digital-freedom-or-digital-prison-what-kenyas-new-cybercrime-law-means-for-freedom-of-speech-economic-freedom/'>Digital Freedom or Digital Prison? What Kenyaâs New Cybercrime Law Means for Freedom of Speech & Economic Freedom<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-hunger-regression-what-kenyas-new-global-hunger-index-ranking-really-means/'>Kenyaâs Hunger Regression: What Kenyaâs New Global Hunger Index Ranking Really Means<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-ai-preparedness-landscape-for-think-tanks/'>The AI Preparedness Landscape for Think Tanks<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-should-swift-and-small-open-economies-respond-to-the-changing-political-economy-of-global-payments-systems/'>What Should SWIFT and Small, Open Economies Respond to the Changing Political Economy of Global Payment’s Systems?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-compliance-challenge-investigating-non-adherence-to-kenyas-pfm-fiscal-rules/'>The Compliance Challenge: Investigating Non-Adherence to Kenya’s PFM Fiscal Rules<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-kenya-transition-to-accrual-accounting-system-overview-pros-and-cons/'>Tracking Kenya Transition to Accrual Accounting: System overview, Pros and Cons<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/unlocking-kenyas-potential-through-womens-economic-empowerment-initiatives-insights-from-iea-kenya-study-on-tracking-budgets-on-womens-economic-empowerment-wee-in-kenya/'>Unlocking Kenyaâs Potential Through Womenâs Economic Empowerment Initiatives: Insights from IEA-Kenya Study on Tracking Budgets on Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE ) in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-2025-global-peace-index-score-counting-the-economic-cost-of-fragility/'>Kenyaâs 2025 Global Peace Index Score: Counting the Economic Cost of Fragility<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-silent-siege-the-hidden-economic-costs-of-state-fragility-in-kenya/'>The Silent Siege: The Hidden Economic Costs of State Fragility in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-relevance-of-scenario-techniques-reflections-from-the-oxford-scenarios-programme/'>The Relevance of Scenario Techniques: Reflections from the Oxford Scenarios Programme<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/agriculture-sector-budget-fy-2025-26/'>Agriculture Sector Budget FY 2025/26<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-shilling-reserves-dilemma-why-kenya-needs-stability-not-just-strength/'>The ShillingâReserves Dilemma: Why Kenya Needs Stability, Not Just Strength.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/monetary-stability-or-political-control-the-case-for-central-bank-independence/'>Monetary Stability or Political Control? The Case for Central Bank Independence.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-consequence-of-a-strong-currency-on-kenyas-trade-compet
639itiveness/'>The Consequence of a Strong Currency on Kenyaâs Trade Competitiveness<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/hidden-costs-and-effects-of-pending-bills-on-the-economy/'>Hidden Costs and Effects of Pending Bills on the Economy.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-are-the-estimated-effects-of-us-tariff-hikes/'>What are the Estimated Effects of US Tariff Hikes?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/has-kenya-really-hired-more-teachers-a-look-behind-the-numbers/'>Has Kenya Really Hired More Teachers? A Look Behind the Numbers<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/who-wins-in-the-rules-based-international-trading-system/'>Who Wins in the Rules Based International Trading System?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-kenyas-legislature-undermines-its-own-oversight-role-and-public-trust/'>How Kenyaâs Legislature Undermines Its Own Oversight Role and Public Trust<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-economic-case-for-privatization-of-kenya-pipeline/'>The Economic Case for Privatization of Kenya Pipeline<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-government-policy-shouldnt-limit-creative-destruction-in-the-running-of-commercial-state-owned-entities/'>Why Government Policy Shouldnât Limit Creative Destruction in the Running of Commercial State-Owned Entities<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/reframing-central-banking-in-kenya-the-case-for-a-dual-mandate/'>Reframing Central Banking in Kenya: The Case for a Dual Mandate<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/beyond-the-price-tag-why-what-kenyans-spend-isnt-always-what-they-consume/'>Beyond the Price Tag: Why What Kenyans Spend Isnât Always What They Consume<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-promise-of-the-equalization-fund-and-its-fulfilment-reality-or-mirage/'>The Promise of the Equalization Fund and its Fulfilment: Reality or Mirage?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-has-higher-incomes-has-not-made-kenyans-live-longer-than-other-east-africans/'>Why Has Higher Incomes Not Made Kenyans Live Longer than other East Africans?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenyas-procurement-reform-targets-for-fy-2025-26-are-unlikely-to-succeed/'>Why Kenyaâs Procurement Reform Targets for FY 2025/26 Are Unlikely to Succeed<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/pan-africanism-or-bad-economics-argument-against-monetary-union/'>Pan-Africanism or Bad Economics: Argument against Monetary Union.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/assessing-kenyas-balance-of-payments-position-from-the-year-2019-to-2023/'>Assessing Kenyaâs Balance of Payments Position From The Year 2019 to 2023<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/food-prices-in-kenya-a-moral-argument-against-protectionism/'>Food Prices in Kenya: A Moral Argument Against Protectionism<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-4-sugar-development-levy/'>Kenyaâs 4% Sugar Development Levy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/wasted-billions-kenyas-stalled-projects-expose-deep-flaws-in-budget-planning-and-execution/'>Wasted Billions: Kenya’s Stalled Projects Expose Deep Flaws in Budget Planning and Execution<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/law-and-economy-arguments-against-designating-tax-administration-officers-as-police-officers/'>Law and Economy Arguments Against Designating Tax Administration Officers as Police Officers<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/understanding-kenyas-average-personal-income-tax-rate-and-its-implication-on-ordinary-revenue-performance/'>Understanding Kenyaâs Average Personal Income Tax Rate and Its Implication on Ordinary Revenue Performance<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/broken-promises-strained-schools-what-kshs-117-billion-in-underfunding-means-for-kenyas-public-education/'>Broken Promises, Strained Schools: What KShs. 117 Billion in Underfunding Means for Kenya’s Public Education<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/should-kenyas-petroleum-regulatory-authority-levy-have-been-ksh-0-35-per-litre-instead-of-ksh-0-75/'>Should Kenyaâs Petroleum Regulatory Authority Levy Have Been Ksh 0.35 per Litre Instead of Ksh 0.75?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/epras-price-formula-is-getting-more-expensive-operating-margins/'>EPRAâs Price Formula is Getting More Expensive: Operating Margins<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/mitumba-a-welfare-and-market-argument/'>Mitumba: A Welfare and Market Argument<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/higher-education-funding-in-kenya-a-case-for-more-loans-and-less-grants/'>Higher Education Funding in Kenya: A case for more loans and less grants<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/treasurys-price-stability-notice-to-cbk-violates-the-constitution-and-undermines-economic-policy/'>Treasuryâs Price Stability Notice to CBK Violates the Constitution and Undermines Economic Policy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-effect-of-chinese-duty-free-market-access-on-kenyas-exports/'>The effect of Chinese Duty-Free Market access on Kenyaâs Exports<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/if-inflation-is-down-why-does-life-still-feel-expensive/'>If Inflation Is Down, Why Does Life Still Feel Expensive?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-kenyas-cpi-data-reliable/'>Is Kenyaâs CPI Data Reliable?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-it-fair-to-tax-the-digital-hustle-rethinking-the-2025-finance-bills-move-on-digital-marketplaces/'>Is It Fair to Tax the Digital Hustle? Rethinking the 2025 Finance Bill’s Move on Digital Marketplaces<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/where-has-the-imf-gone/'>Where has the IMF gone?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-kenyas-budget-too-rigid-a-look-at-non-discretionary-spending/'>Is Kenyaâs Budget Too Rigid? A look at Non-discretionary Spending<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ensuring-equitable-revenue-allocation-the-case-for-increased-county-government-funding/'>Ensuring Equitable Revenue Allocation: The Case for Increased County Government Funding<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/impact-of-delays-in-the-disbursement-of-funds-on-budget-planning-at-the-counties/'>Impact of delays in the disbursement of funds on budget planning at the counties<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/regulations-in-the-age-of-evolving-technology/'>Regulations in the age of evolving technology<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-tight-monetary-policy-is-undermining-manufacturing-investments-in-kenya/'>How Tight Monetary Policy is Undermining Manufacturing Investments in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-elusive-two-thirds-and-cost-of-selective-constitutionalism/'>The Elusive Two-Thirds and Cost of Selective Constitutionalism<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-vehicle-taxes-stall-capital-formation-and-economic-growth-in-kenya-a-conceptual-approach/'>How Vehicle Taxes Stall Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Kenya: A Conceptual Approach<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-the-finance-bill-2025-could-lower-net-salaries-in-kenya/'>How the Finance Bill 2025 Could Lower Net Salaries in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-irony-of-shif-a-hindrance-to-universal-health-coverage-in-kenya/'>The Irony of SHIF: A Hindrance to Universal Health Coverage in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/budget-credibility-trends-and-the-need-for-fiscal-discipline-in-kenya/'>Budget Credibility Trends and the need for Fiscal Discipline in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/policy-lessons-from-kra-staff-reshuffle/'>
639Policy Lessons from KRA Staff Reshuffle<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-a-chinese-citizen-should-have-asked-kenyas-president-and-his-large-retinue/'>What a Chinese Citizen Should have Asked Kenya’s President and his Large Retinue<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-case-for-more-effective-fiscal-rules-in-kenya/'>The Case for More Effective Fiscal Rules in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/when-fiscal-policy-misses-the-mark-kenyas-balancing-act-in-recent-years/'>When Fiscal Policy Misses the Mark: Kenyaâs Balancing Act In recent years<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-international-trade-landscape-agoa-and-trumps-tariffs/'>Kenyaâs International Trade Landscape: AGOA and Trumpâs Tariffs<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tariffs-are-a-poor-policy-choice-for-reduction-of-trade-deficits/'>Tariffs are a poor policy choice for Reduction of Trade Deficits<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/africas-agenda-in-a-fragmenting-global-order/'>Africaâs Agenda in a Fragmenting Global Order<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-output-gap/'>Kenya’s Output Gap<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/reviewing-rule-making-what-type-of-doge-kenya-requires/'>Reviewing Rule-Making What type of DOGE Kenya Requires<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-policies-limiting-early-access-to-retirement-savings-are-misguided/'>Why Policies Limiting Early Access to Retirement Savings are Misguided<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-maisha-namba-digital-upi-what-is-changing-and-what-are-the-key-issues/'>Tracking Maisha Namba – Digital UPI: What is changing, and what are the key issues?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/newly-proposed-state-corporation-reforms-a-necessary-fix-or-another-false-start/'>Newly Proposed State Corporation Reforms: A Necessary Fix or another False Start?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tax-101-tariffs-are-taxes/'>Tax 101: Tariffs are taxes<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/law-and-economics-of-occupational-licensing-the-case-of-law-profession/'>Law and Economics of Occupational Licensing: The Case of Law Profession<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/mr-trump-and-kenyas-macro/'>Mr. Trump and Kenyaâs Macro<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-kenyas-tax-system-efficient-optimal-and-equitable/'>Is Kenya’s Tax System Efficient, Optimal, and Equitable?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/gen-z-collective-action-on-taxation-and-economic-policy/'>Gen Z Collective Action on Taxation and Economic Policy.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/two-immediate-monetary-framework-imperatives-for-mr-mbadi/'>Two Immediate Monetary-Framework Imperatives for Mr. Mbadi<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/important-dates-and-citizen-concerns-during-budget-planning-phase-for-fiscal-year-2025-2026/'>Important dates and Citizen Concerns During Budget Planning Phase for Fiscal Year 2025/2026<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/adjusted-imf-program-demands-on-kenya/'>Adjusted IMF Program Demands on Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-does-the-nobel-prize-in-economics-2024-mean-for-constitution-implementation-in-kenya/'>What does the Nobel Prize in Economics 2024 mean for Constitution Implementation in Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/highlights-of-the-world-trade-report-2024/'>Highlights of The World Trade Report 2024.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-grounds-to-repeal-the-price-control-act-of-2011/'>The Grounds to Repeal the Price Control Act of 2011<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-is-kenyas-fiscal-consolidation-agenda-facing-failure/'>Why is Kenyaâs Fiscal Consolidation Agenda Facing Failure?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-monetary-policy-too-tight/'>Is Monetary Policy Too Tight?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tax-101-misconceptions-on-the-withdrawal-of-the-finance-bill-and-its-implications-on-kenyas-appropriations/'>Tax 101: Misconceptions on the Withdrawal of the Finance Bill and Its Implications on Kenya’
639s Appropriations.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-constitutional-argument-on-why-fiscally-decentralized-resources-cannot-be-shared-based-on-population-alone/'>The Constitutional Argument on Why Fiscally Decentralized Resources Cannot Be Shared Based on Population Alone?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/constitutional-theory-of-public-goods-a-perspective-on-constitution-of-kenya-2010/'>Constitutional Theory of Public Goods: A Perspective on Constitution of Kenya 2010. <option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/empowering-women-the-envisioned-approach-in-the-2024-25-national-program-based-budget-estimates/'>Empowering Women: The Envisioned Approach in the 2024/25 National Program-Based Budget Estimates<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/commercial-shipping-and-seabourne-trade-policy-handbook-the-red-sea-crisis/'>Commercial Shipping and Seabourne Trade Policy Handbook: The Red Sea Crisis<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/finance-bill-2024-landscape-kenyas-alcoholic-industry/'>Finance Bill 2024 Landscape: Kenyaâs Alcoholic Industry<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-fast-lane-costs-more-than-projected-using-demand-analysis-to-reveal-impacts-of-the-rise-in-nairobi-expressway-toll-fees-using-demand-concepts/'>The Rise in Nairobi Expressway Toll Fees: The Fast Lane Costs More than Projected.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/key-political-economy-issues-of-kenyas-taxation-system/'>Key Political Economy Issues of Kenyaâs Taxation System<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/court-adjournments-and-case-burdens-and-the-implications-for-access-to-justice/'>Court adjournments and case burdens, and the implications for access to justice<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/potential-benefits-and-risks-of-inter-sacco-lending-rate/'>Potential Benefits and Risks of Inter-Sacco Lending Rate<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/increasing-enrolment-in-kenyas-social-health-insurance-how-best-it-can-be-done/'>Increasing Enrolment in Kenyaâs Social Health Insurance: How Best It Can Be Done<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/double-taxation-agreements-how-they-work/'>Double Taxation Agreements: How they Work<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/courts-as-monopolies-what-does-it-mean-for-access-to-justice/'>Courts as Monopolies: What Does It Mean for Access to Justice?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-importance-of-timely-implementing-public-policies-the-case-of-nssf-act/'>The Importance of Timely Implementing Public Policies: The Case of NSSF Act<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/data-privacy-and-protection-for-smes-in-kenya/'>Data Privacy and Protection for SMEs in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/reoffending-in-kenyas-prisons/'>Reoffending in Kenyaâs Prisons<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/significant-political-economy-issues-from-the-2023-wto-public-forum/'>Significant Political Economy Issues from the 2023 WTO Public Forum<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/nssf-act-2013-third-schedule-ambiguity-interpretation-challenges-and-implications-for-implementation/'>NSSF Act 2013, Third Schedule: Ambiguity, Interpretation Challenges and Implications for Implementation<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-kenya-kwanza-administrations-push-for-higher-taxes-misguided-or-a-masterstroke/'>Is Kenya Kwanza Administrationâs Push for Higher Taxes Misguided or a Masterstroke?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/number-of-the-week-case-resolution-in-judiciary/'>Number of the Week: Case Resolution in Judiciary<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/did-the-competition-authority-find-a-vicious-cartel-in-kenya/'>Did the Competition Authority Find a Vicious Cartel in Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/economic-freedom-and-taxation-a-kenyan-perspective/'>Economic Freedom and Taxation: A Kenyan Perspective<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/reducing-child-mortality-in-kenya-is-both-urgent-and-possible/'>Reducing Child Mortality in Kenya is both Urgent and Possible<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-far-is-kenya-from-being-a-singapore-for-africa/'>How Far is Kenya from Being a Singapore for Africa?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/agoa-and-epz-boosting-kenyas-export-oriented-industrial-sector/'>AGOA and EPZ: Boosting Kenyaâs Export-Oriented Industrial Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/restating-the-case-for-privatization-of-soes-in-kenya-today/'>Restating the Case for Privatization of SOEs in Kenya Today<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/economics-of-court-automation-in-kenya/'>Economics of Court Automation in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/strengthening-parliamentary-committees-roles-in-kenyas-appropriation-
639process/'>Strengthening Parliamentary Committees’ Roles in Kenya’s Appropriation Process <option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/market-instruments-will-be-an-effective-solution-to-water-provision-in-kenya/'>Market Instruments will be an Effective Solution to Water Provision in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/malaria-undermines-economic-growth-and-makes-house-holds-poorer/'>Malaria Undermines Economic Growth and Traps House-holds in a Cycle of Poverty<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/does-moodys-downgrade-of-kenyas-debt-rating-matter/'>Does Moodyâs Downgrade of Kenyaâs Debt Rating Matter?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/economics-of-climate-change-in-kenya-evidence-from-sectoral-studies/'>Economics of Climate Change in Kenya: Evidence from Sectoral Studies<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/exploring-the-institutional-constraints-and-political-incentives-a-problem-driven-political-economy-analysis-of-resource-allocations-to-kenyas-judiciary/'>Exploring the Institutional Constraints and Political Incentives: A Problem-Driven Political Economy Analysis of Resource Allocations to Kenya’s Judiciary<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-reality-and-consequences-of-kenyas-public-debt-burden/'>The Reality and Consequences of Kenyaâs Public Debt Burden<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/investigating-a-more-efficient-and-affordable-mechanism-for-distributing-food-subsidies-in-kenya/'>Investigating a More Efficient and Affordable Mechanism for Distributing Food Subsidies in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-us-kenya-trade-negotiations-which-way-for-kenya/'>The US-Kenya Trade Negotiations: Which Way for Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/illegal-immigrants-into-africa-provides-reasons-for-proper-global-conversation/'>Illegal Immigrants into Africa Provides Reasons for Proper Global Conversation  <option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/property-rights-and-state-overreach-lessons-from-the-china-mall-square-controversy/'>Property Rights and State Overreach: Lessons from the China Mall Square Controversy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-upwards-adjustment-of-university-tuition-fees/'>The Pros and Cons of the Upwards Adjustment of University Tuition Fees<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-is-the-state-of-the-global-trade-integrated-circuits-controllers-and-processors-part-2/'>What is the State of the Global Trade Integrated Circuits: Controllers and Processors? Part 2<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-is-the-state-of-the-global-trade-in-integrated-circuits/'>What is the State of the Global Trade in Integrated Circuits?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ankle-bracelets-as-a-solution-to-pretrial-detention-overcrowding-and-economic-burden-in-kenyan-prisons/'>Ankle Bracelets as a Solution to Pretrial Detention Overcrowding and Economic Burden in Kenyan Prisons<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/key-budget-dates-for-fy2023-24-and-the-medium-term-budget-preparation-process/'>Key Budget Dates for FY2023/24 and the Medium-Term Budget Preparation Process<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/first-supplementary-budget-estimates-for-fy-2022-23-in-kenya-insights-issues-and-discussion/'>First Supplementary Budget Estimates for FY 2022/23 in Kenya: Insights, Issues, and Discussion<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/using-incentives-in-the-law-enforcement-action-against-market-led-corruption-in-kenyas-public-procurement-sector/'>Using Incentives in the Law Enforcement Action Against Market-Led Corruption in Kenyaâs Public Procurement Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-effects-will-follow-the-adoption-of-the-national-social-security-fund-2013/'>What Effects Will Follow the Adoption of the National Social Security Fund 2013?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-epra-could-improve-the-effectiveness-of-meps/'>How EPRA Could Improve the Effectiveness of MEPs<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/a-review-of-the-eacc-national-ethics-and-corruption-survey/'>A Review of the EACC National Ethics and Corruption Survey<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/long-term-and-medium-term-policy-solutions-to-the-cdf-regimes-constitutional-problems/'>Long-term and medium-term policy solutions to the CDF Regime’s constitutional problems<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracing-the-economics-of-white-elephants-using-kenyas-sgr-and-nairobi-expressway/'>Tracing the Economics of White Elephants Using Kenyaâs SGR and Nairobi Expressway<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/unintended-consequences-of-excise-tax-on-tobacco-and-nicotine-delivery-products-in-kenya/'>Unintended Consequences of Excise Tax on Tobacco and Nicotine Delivery Products in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/an-alternative-medium-term-strategy-for-kenyas-central-bank/'>An Alternative Medium-Term Strategy for Kenya’s Central Bank<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-13th-parliaments-must-do-list-for-efficient-and-effective-legislative-function/'>The 13th Parliament’s Must-Do List for Efficient and Effective Legislative Function<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/a-regulated-kenyan/'>A Regulated Kenyan<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-the-poverty-trap-part-6/'>
639How China Escaped The Poverty Trap (Part 6)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-poverty-trap-lessons-for-kenya-part-5/'>How China Escaped Poverty Trap: Lessons for Kenya (Part 5)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-the-poverty-trap-a-blog-series-part-4/'>How China Escaped The Poverty Trap: A Blog Series (Part 4)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-the-poverty-trap-a-blog-series-part-3/'>How China Escaped The Poverty Trap: A Blog Series (Part 3)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-the-poverty-trap-a-blog-series-2/'>How China Escaped The Poverty Trap: A Blog Series<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-china-escaped-the-poverty-trap-a-blog-series/'>How China Escaped The Poverty Trap: A Blog Series<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/womens-economic-empowerment-and-fiscal-policy-a-note-for-kenyas-13th-parliament/'>Women’s Economic Empowerment and Fiscal Policy: A Note for Kenya’s 13Th Parliament<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/implementation-considerations-for-kenyas-fuel-subsidy-reform/'>Implementation Considerations for Kenyaâs Fuel Subsidy Reform<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-ksh-3500-fertilizer-subsidy/'>The Pros and Cons of the Ksh 3500 Fertilizer Subsidy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-do-ideas-matter-in-the-management-of-economic-policy-in-kenya/'>Why Do Ideas Matter in the Management of Economic Policy in Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/promoting-gender-equality-in-free-trade-agreements/'>Promoting Gender Equality in Free Trade Agreements<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-unintended-consequences-of-kenyas-policy-against-substitutes-for-breast-milk/'>The Unintended Consequences of Kenyaâs Policy Against Substitutes for Breast Milk<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-central-bank-of-kenya-attempt-to-control-the-exchange-rate-wont-work/'>Why Central Bank of Kenya Attempt to Control the Exchange Rate wonât work<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/foreign-aid-and-the-challenges-in-kenya/'>Foreign aid and the challenges in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/are-the-interests-of-the-counties-being-protected-in-the-fiscal-policy-process-without-the-senates-input/'>Are the interests of the counties being protected in the fiscal policy process without the Senate’s input?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/making-kenyas-economic-policymakers-accountable/'>Making Kenya’s Economic Policymakers Accountable<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/shit-in-a-pit-and-from-a-pit-to-product/'>Shit in a Pit and from a Pit to Product<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-readiness-in-uptake-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/'>Kenyaâs Readiness in Uptake of Artificial Intelligence (AI)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-economists-oppose-infant-industry/'>Infant Industry Argument?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/expanding-provision-of-public-goods-economic-data/'>Expanding Provision of Public Goods: Economic Data<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/policy-reforms-on-process-of-varying-national-tax-code-making-the-submission-and-consideration-of-the-finance-bill-conditional/'>Policy Reforms on Process of Varying National Tax Code: Making The Submission and Consideration of The Finance Bill Conditional.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/court-filings-and-court-judgements-delivery-of-justice-without-undue-procedural-technicalities/'>Court Filings and Court Judgements: Delivery of Justice without Undue Procedural Technicalities<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-international-labour-organization-candidate-greg-vines/'>Tracking International Labour Organization – Candidate Greg Vines<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-international-labour-organization-candidate-mthunzi-mdwaba/'>Tracking International Labour Organization- Candidate Mthunzi Mdwaba<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-international-labour-organization-france-candidate/'>Tracking International Labour Organization: France Candidate<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-clamour-for-a-reduction-in-food-prices-in-kenya-is-really-about-size-of-government/'>The Clamour for A Reduction in Food Prices in Kenya is Really About Size of Government<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-constitutional-right-of-consumer-protection-in-kenya/'>The Constitutional Right of Consumer Protection in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-kenyas-higher-education-funding-model-locking-out-some-learners/'>Is Kenyaâs Higher Education Funding Model Locking Out Some Learners?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-four-governance-issues-for-effective-judicial-service-commission-and-judiciary/'>The Four Governance Issues for Effective Judicial Service Commission and Judiciary<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-international-labour-organization/'>Tracking International Labour Organization<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-public-debt-distress-issues-and-scenarios/'>Kenyaâs Public Debt Distress: Issues and Scenarios<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/should-kenya-join-oecds-two-pillar-solution-for-harmful-tax-policies/'>Should Kenya Join OECDâs Two-Pillar Solution for Harmful Tax Policies?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/effect-of-covid-19-on-learning-in-the-united-states-of-america/'>Effect of Covid-19 on Learning in the United States of America<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/effect-of-covid-19-on-learning-in-uganda/'>Effect of Covid-19 on Learning in Uganda<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/covid-19-and-well-being-in-the-united-kingdom/'>Covid-19 and well being in the United Kingdom<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/effect-of-covid-19-on-learning-in-kenya/'>Effect of Covid-19 on Learning in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/effect-of-covid-19-on-learning-in-nigeria/'>Effect of Covid-19 on learning in Nigeria<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/education-in-germany-effect-of-covid-19-on-the-german-education-system/'>Effect of Covid-19 on the German education system<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-in-kenya/'>The Impact of Covid-19 on Education in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/rule-of-law-and-economic-freedoms-as-the-key-to-improve-national-welfare/'>Rule of Law and Economic Freedoms as the Key to Improve National Welfare<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/can-people-afford-to-pay-out-of-pocket-for-health-care-in-kenya/'>Can People Afford to Pay Out of Pocket for Health Care in Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-market-dynamics-of-corruption-in-kenya/'>The Market Dynamics of Corruption in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/tracking-kenyas-economic-and-institutional-performance/'>Tracking Kenyaâs Economic and Institutional Performance<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/demonetization-gets-rid-of-black-money-is-a-fallacy/'>Demonetization Gets Rid of Black Money is a Fallacy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-delusion-that-was-and-is-covid-19-measures-in-the-matatu-sector/'>The Delusion That Was and Is COVID 19 Measures in the Matatu Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-education-technology-the-great-equalizer-lessons-from-kenya/'>Is Education Technology the great equalizer? Lessons from Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/are-matatus-the-main-cause-of-traffic-congestion-in-kenya/'>Are Matatus the main Cause of Traffic Congestion in Kenya?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-case-for-more-women-in-kenyas-supreme-court/'>The Case for More Women in Kenyaâs Supreme Court<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/evaluating-kenyas-tax-law-changes-on-paye-in-january-2021/'>Evaluating Kenyaâs Tax Law Changes on PAYE in January 2021<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-complexity-in-international-trade-and-the-global-supply-chain-undermines-the-argument-for-self-sufficiency/'>How Complexity in International Trade and the Global Supply Chain Undermines the Argument for Self Sufficiency<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/improving-the-efficiency-of-committees-in-kenyas-parliament-the-case-of-national-assembly/'>Improving the Efficiency of Committees in Kenyaâs Parliament: The Case of National Assembly<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-role-can-the-private-sector-in-kenya-play-in-hastening-attainment-of-herd-immunity/'>What Role Can the Private Sector in Kenya Play in Hastening Attainment of Herd Immunity?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/compliance-of-two-thirds-gender-principle-an-assessment-of-kenyas-judiciary/'>Compliance of Two-Thirds Gender Principle: An Assessment of Kenyaâs Judiciary<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/call-for-participation-in-pre-budget-forums-pointers-to-note/'>Call for Participation in Pre- Budget Forums: Pointers to Note<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/application-of-competition-law-in-kenyas-public-sector-the-case-of-kenyan-health-sector/'>Application of Competition Law in Kenyaâs Public Sector: The Case of Kenyan Health Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-fallacy-of-a-vaccine-as-a-public-good/'>The Fallacy of a Vaccine as a Public Good<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/neglected-social-justice-principles-in-kenyas-constitution/'>Neglected Social Justice Principles in Kenyaâs Constitution.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-viability-of-turkana-oil/'>The Viability of Turkana Oil<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-the-corona-virus-numbers-reveal/'>What the corona virus numbers reveal?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/access-to-water-and-its-role-in-the-fight-against-the-spread-of-covid-19/'>Access to Water and Itâs Role In The Fight Against The Spread Of Covid-19<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/collective-failure-in-management-of-public-resources-analysis-of-kenyas-covid-19-public-procurement-breaches/'>
639Collective Failure in Management of Public Resources: Analysis of Kenyaâs COVID-19 Public Procurement Breaches<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-kenyan-economy/'>The Impact of Covid-19 on The Kenyan Economy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-2019-nobel-prize-in-economic-sciences-and-the-hype-of-rcts/'>The 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences and the Hype of RCTs<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-world-health-organisation-budget-figures-for-financial-periods-2018-2019-2020-2021/'>The World Health Organisation Budget Figures for Financial Periods 2018-2019 & 2020-2021<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-economics-of-tax-laws-should-newly-designed-tax-measures-have-conformed-to/'>What Economics of Tax Laws should newly designed tax measures have conformed to?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/covid-19-pandemic-might-decelerate-efforts-to-attain-universal-health-coverage-by-2022/'>Covid-19 Pandemic Might Decelerate Efforts to attain Universal Health Coverage by 2022<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-availability-of-masks-amid-covid-19-pandemic/'>The Availability of Masks Amid COVID-19 Pandemic<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/disruption-of-covid-19-on-the-education-system-and-learners-in-kenya/'>Disruption of Covid-19 on the Education System and Learners in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/two-covid19-lessons-that-were-long-overdue-to-kenyas-justice-sector/'>Two COVID-19 Lessons that were long Overdue to Kenyaâs Justice Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/covid-19-could-the-fear-of-infection-from-bank-notes-hasten-the-replacement-of-cash-with-digital-transactions/'>COVID-19: Could the fear of infection from bank notes hasten the replacement of cash with digital transactions?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/efficient-allocation-of-resources-across-counties-based-on-population-at-risk-and-health-care-capacity-is-key-in-response-to-covid-19-pandemic/'>Efficient Allocation of Resources across Counties based on Population at Risk and Health Care Capacity is key in response to COVID-19 pandemic<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/assessment-of-kenyas-preparedness-for-the-covid-19-emergency/'>Assessment of Kenyaâs Preparedness for The COVID-19 Emergency<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/gender-inequality-in-kenya-through-the-gii-lens/'>Gender Inequality in Kenya through the GII Lens<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/four-policy-moves-government-must-avoid-during-the-covid-19-emergency-in-kenya/'>Four Policy Moves Government Must avoid during the COVID-19 Emergency in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-is-at-stake-with-no-substantive-auditor-general-in-place/'>What is at Stake with no Substantive Auditor General in Place?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/economics-of-wildlife-conservation-case-example-of-kenya-rangelands/'>Economics of Wildlife Conservation: Case Example of Kenya Rangelands<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-missing-market-
639of-crop-insurance-in-kenya/'>The Missing Market of Crop Insurance in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/state-of-the-unclaimed-financial-assets-in-kenya/'>State of the Unclaimed Financial Assets in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/illicit-trade-in-kenya-efforts-towards-curbing-the-vice/'>Illicit Trade in Kenya: Efforts Towards Curbing the Vice<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-growth-in-exports-should-be-a-cause-for-concern-for-policy-makers/'>Why Growth in Exports Should Be a Cause for Concern for Policy Makers<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyan-government-fails-to-budget-for-blood-transfusion-services-in-2020/'>Kenyan Government Fails to Budget for Blood Transfusion Services in 2020.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-economic-costs-of-ignoring-early-warnings-of-the-locust-invasion/'>The economic costs of ignoring early warnings of the locust invasion<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/judiciary-funding-problems-correlate-with-its-efficiency-questions/'>Judiciary Funding Problems Correlate with its Efficiency Questions<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/application-of-competition-law-in-kenyas-public-sector-the-case-of-kenyan-health-sector-2/'>Application of Competition Law in Kenyaâs Public Sector: The Case of Kenyan Health Sector<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/trade-policy-review-east-african-community-eac/'>Trade Policy Review â East African Community (EAC)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/newspaper-readership-is-not-declining-the-landscape-is-changing/'>Newspaper Readership is not Declining, The Landscape is Changing<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/road-map-towards-universal-health-coverage-uhc-in-kenya-what-is-the-state-of-play-from-a-health-financing-perspective/'>Road map towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kenya: What is the state of play from a health financing perspective?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/overly-ambitious-four-months-extension-to-conclude-economic-partnership-agreements-epas-between-the-east-african-community-eac-and-the-european-union-eu/'>Overly Ambitious Four Months Extension to Conclude Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAS) between the East African Community (EAC) and the European Union (EU)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/motivation-policy-considerations-in-adopting-irrigation-management-transfer-part-two/'>Motivation & Policy Considerations in adopting Irrigation Management Transfer (Part Two)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-africa-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta/'>The Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/improving-efficiency-and-productivity-of-kenyas-irrigation-schemes-by-adopting-irrigation-management-transfer-imt-part-one/'>Improving Efficiency and Productivity of Kenyaâs Irrigation Schemes by Adopting Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) Part One<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/plot-mafuta-mafuta-matters-land/'>Plot âMafuta Mafutaâ: Matters Land<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/shit-happens-lets-talk-about-it/'>Shit happens! letâs talk about it<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/utilizing-the-public-finance-management-act-2012-in-tackling-public-entities-receiving-disclaimer-of-opinion/'>Utilizing The Public Finance Management Act 2012 in tackling Public entities receiving disclaimer of opinion<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/lesson-for-the-big-four-housing-agenda-in-kenya/'>Lesson for the Big Four Housing Agenda in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/results-from-the-19th-ordinary-summit-of-heads-of-state-of-the-east-african-community-and-opportunities-for-kenya/'>Results from the 19th Ordinary Summit of Heads of State of the East African Community and Opportunities for Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-european-union-east-africa-community-trade-agreement-epas-hard-sell/'>The European Union â East Africa Community Trade Agreement: EPAâs Hard Sell<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-cfta-and-opportunities-for-kenya/'>The CFTA and Opportunities for Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/foster-government-and-insurance-industry-relationship-to-counter-the-effects-of-natural-disasters/'>Foster Government and Insurance Industry Relationship to Counter the Effects of Natural Disasters<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/misalignment-of-risk-management-strategies-in-kenya/'>Misalignment of Risk management Strategies in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/11th-ministerial-meeting-of-the-world-trade-organization-outcome-challenges-and-way-forward/'>11th Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization: Outcome, Challenges and Way Forward<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/food-affordability-is-a-bigger-threat-to-food-insecurity-in-kenya-compared-to-food-availability/'>Food Affordability Is A Bigger Threat To Food Insecurity In Kenya Compared To Food Availability.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-and-food-security-part-2-100-food-security-in-5-years-an-immodest-goal-by-the-new-administration/'>Kenya and Food Security Part 2: 100% Food Security in 5 Years, an Immodest Goal by the New Administration<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/food-security-is-a-multidimensional-issue-and-deserves-a-central-place-in-national-development-plans/'>
639Food Security is a multidimensional issue and deserves a central place in national development plans.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/state-of-use-of-country-system-ucs-in-infrastructure-financing-in-kenya/'>State of Use of Country System (UCS) in Infrastructure Financing in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/education-sector-in-kenya/'>Education Sector in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-tti-supported-work-in-kenya-may-trigger-commitment-to-open-government-at-sub-national-level/'>How TTI Supported work in Kenya may Trigger Commitment to Open Government at Sub-national level?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-efforts-to-unlock-mobilization-of-local-revenue-collection-in-nairobi-are-critical-to-improved-service-delivery/'>Why Efforts to Unlock Mobilization of Local Revenue Collection in Nairobi are Critical to Improved Service Delivery?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-plastic-consumption-needs-to-be-addressed/'>Kenyaâs plastic consumption needs to be addressed<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/liquor-laws-effect-on-womens-conviction/'>Liquor laws effect on Womenâs conviction<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/unctad-14-from-decisions-to-actions/'>UNCTAD 14: From Decisions to Actions<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/lessons-the-eac-can-learn-from-brexit/'>Lessons the EAC can learn from Brexit<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-those-who-can-least-afford-betting-practice-it-the-most/'>Why those who can least afford betting practice it the most<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/is-it-time-to-shift-gears-from-8-4-4-to-2-6-6-3-education-system/'>Is it time to shift gears from 8-4-4 to 2-6-6-3 education system?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/bank-crises-causes-and-measures-to-safeguard-the-interests-of-depositors/'>Bank crises: Causes and measures to safeguard the interests of depositors<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kericho-malindi-by-elections-2016-analysis-using-benfords-law/'>Kericho, Malindi By – Elections 2016: Analysis using Benford’s Law<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/analysis-of-the-ugandan-general-elections-using-benford/'>Analysis of the Ugandan General Elections Using Benford<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/location-should-not-determine-quality-of-education/'>Location should not determine quality of education<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/dont-depend-on-the-government-for-jobs-be-innovative-youth-told/'>Donât depend on the government for jobs, be innovative – youth told<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/imperial-bank-saga-shows-why-central-bank-should-encourage-whistle-blower/'>Imperial Bank Saga Shows Why Central Bank Should Encourage Whistle-Blower<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-right-incentives-can-encourage-public-servants-to-rethink-strikes/'>The right incentives can encourage public servants to rethink strikes<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/put-measures-to-end-extravagant-spending-by-county-governments/'>Put Measures to End Extravagant Spending by County Governments<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/youth-economic-dialogues-partnership-between-iea-kenya-and-alternatives-africa/'>Youth Economic Dialogues: Partnership between IEA Kenya and Alternatives Africa<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/let-us-learn-and-avoid-the-pitfalls-of-devolution/'>Let Us Learn and Avoid the Pitfalls of Devolution<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/do-you-know-what-has-been-allocated-funds-in-your-countys-budget/'>Do You Know What Has Been Allocated Funds in Your Countyâs Budget?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-elephant-conservation-policy-time-for-new-policy-tricks-and-trade-offs/'>Kenyaâs Elephant Conservation Policy: Time for New Policy Tricks and Trade Offs<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/are-counties-getting-enough-money-public-forum-on-division-of-revenue-bill-2013/'>Are Counties Getting Enough Money?? Public Forum on Division of Revenue Bill 2013<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/vocational-education-and-training-key-lessons-for-kenya/'>Vocational Education and Training: Key Lessons for Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/nairobis-future-will-it-change-with-devolution-not-likely/'>Nairobiâs Future: Will it change with Devolution? Not likely.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/letter-to-the-governors/'>Letter to the Governors<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-fallacy-of-the-24-hour-economy/'>The Fallacy of The 24-Hour Economy<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-to-consolidate-and-improve-gains-in-budget-transparency/'>How to consolidate and improve gains in Budget transparency.<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-first-take-on-manifestos/'>The First Take on Manifestos<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/scenarios-for-the-future-role-the-youth-can-play/'>Scenarios For The Future: Role The Youth Can Play<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/iea-kenya-ranks-among-top-50-think-tanks-on-the-continent/'>IEA-Kenya Ranks Among Top 50 Think Tanks On The Continent<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-our-debt-expenditure-and-future-taxes/'>Kenya: Our Debt, Expenditure and Future Taxes<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/mps-award-themselves-hefty-severance-package/'>MPs Award Themselves Hefty Severance Package<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-airways-vs-its-retrenched-workers/'>Kenya Airways Vs Its Retrenched Workers<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/scenario-building-for-dummies/'>Scenario Building for Dummies<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/dealing-with-the-shortage-of-coins-in-kenya/'>Dealing With the Shortage of Coins in Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/thoughts-on-imfs-regional-economic-outlook-for-october-2012/'>Thoughts on IMFâs Regional Economic Outlook for October 2012<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/taxes-and-public-sector-pay-a-suggestion-about-the-mps-gratuity-award/'>Taxes and Public Sector Pay: A Suggestion about the MPs Gratuity Award<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/public-participation-under-kenyas-new-public-financial-management-law/'>Public Participation under Kenyaâs New Public Financial Management Law<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/lessons-kenya-can-learn-from-the-us-presidential-debate/'>Lessons Kenya Can Learn From The US Presidential Debate<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/should-kenyan-economists-be-regulated/'>Should Kenyan Economists be Regulated?<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-youth-should-be-the-drivers-of-change/'>The Youth should be the drivers of change<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-role-of-the-youth-in-building-a-more-democratic-kenya/'>The Role of the Youth in Building a More Democratic Kenya<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/policies-implementation/'>Policies & Implementation<option value='https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/4-lessons-from-nhif-and-missing-hospitals/'>4 Lessons from NHIF and Missing Hospitals </select> 640 641 </form> 642 </div> 643 <form role="search" action="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ " method="post" > 644 <div class="col-md-3 mylightergreybg"> 645 <select name="themes" class="form-control" id="themes"> 646 <option value="" selected>Search by Theme 647 <ul><option value='Accountability'>Accountability <option value='Accrual Accounting'>Accrual Accounting <option value='Agriculture'>Agriculture <option value='Artificial Intelligence'>Artificial Intelligence <option value='Audit'>Audit <option value='Automation'>Automation <option value='Breast milk'>Breast milk <option value='Budget'>Budget <option value='Budget Expenditure'>Budget Expenditure <option value='Civil Society'>Civil Society <option value='Climate change'>
647Climate change <option value='Competition'>Competition <option value='Consumer protection'>Consumer protection <option value='Corruption'>Corruption <option value='Court'>Court <option value='Currency'>Currency <option value='Data Privacy'>Data Privacy <option value='Debt'>Debt <option value='Democracy'>Democracy <option value='Democratization'>Democratization <option value='Digital Freedom'>Digital Freedom <option value='Digital Tax'>Digital Tax <option value='Drought and Famine'>Drought and Famine <option value='Economic data'>Economic data <option value='Economic Development'>Economic Development <option value='Economic empowerment'>Economic empowerment <option value='Economic Growth'>Economic Growth <option value='Economic literacy'>Economic literacy <option value='Economic Policy'>Economic Policy <option value='Economic Relations'>Economic Relations <option value='Education'>Education <option value='Efficiency'>Efficiency <option value='Energy'>Energy <option value='Equalization Fund'>Equalization Fund <option value='Exchange rate'>Exchange rate <option value='Excise Tax'>Excise Tax <option value='Export Market'>Export Market <option value='Finance'>Finance <option value='Finance Bill'>Finance Bill <option value='Fiscal Consolidation'>Fiscal Consolidation <option value='Fiscal Discipline'>Fiscal Discipline <option value='Fiscal Policy'>Fiscal Policy <option value='Food'>Food <option value='Foreign aid'>Foreign aid <option value='Foreign Investment'>Foreign Investment <option value='Fuel price'>Fuel price <option value='Gender'>Gender <option value='Gender and Development'>Gender and Development <option value='Gender Equality'>Gender Equality <option value='General'>General <option value='global order'>global order <option value='Health'>Health <option value='Hunger and poverty in Kenya'>Hunger and poverty in Kenya <option value='IMF'>IMF <option value='Infant industry'>Infant industry <option value='Inflation'>Inflation <option value='Infrastructure'>
647Infrastructure <option value='Infrastructure Fund'>Infrastructure Fund <option value='International Economic Relations'>International Economic Relations <option value='International Trade'>International Trade <option value='Judiciary'>Judiciary <option value='Labour'>Labour <option value='Labour Market'>Labour Market <option value='Law and Economics'>Law and Economics <option value='Law and Economy'>Law and Economy <option value='Local Government'>Local Government <option value='Macro'>Macro <option value='Malaria'>Malaria <option value='Monetary Policy'>Monetary Policy <option value='Monetary-Framework'>Monetary-Framework <option value='Natural Resources'>Natural Resources <option value='Nuclear Power'>Nuclear Power <option value='Nutrition'>Nutrition <option value='Output Gap'>Output Gap <option value='Oversight'>Oversight <option value='Pension'>Pension <option value='Petroleum Price'>Petroleum Price <option value='Population growth'>Population growth <option value='Poverty'>Poverty <option value='Prison'>Prison <option value='prisoner'>prisoner <option value='Privatization'>Privatization <option value='Procurement Policy'>Procurement Policy <option value='public audit'>public audit <option value='Public Debt'>Public Debt <option value='Public Finance'>Public Finance <option value='Public Sector Employment'>Public Sector Employment <option value='Public Sector Reform'>Public Sector Reform <option value='Public Sector Reforms'>Public Sector Reforms <option value='Regulation'>Regulation <option value='Retirement Savings'>Retirement Savings <option value='SACCO'>SACCO <option value='sanitation'>sanitation <option value='Scenarios'>Scenarios <option value='Securitization'>Securitization <option value='Social Health Insurance'>Social Health Insurance <option value='Social security fund'>Social security fund <option value='Social Welfare'>Social Welfare <option value='Sovereign Wealth Fund'>Sovereign Wealth Fund <option value='stalled project'>stalled project <option value='State corporation'>State corporation <option value='subsidy'>subsidy <option value='Sugar Development Levy'>Sugar Development Levy <option value='Tax Expenditures'>Tax Expenditures <option value='Taxation'>Taxation <option value='Technology'>Technology <option value='Tobacco Regulation'>Tobacco Regulation <option value='Trade'>Trade <option value='Transparency'>Transparency <option value='Unique Personal Identifier'>Unique Personal Identifier <option value='University education'>University education <option value='Value Added Tax'>Value Added Tax <option value='White Elephants'>White Elephants <option value='Women Economic Empowerment'>Women Economic Empowerment </select> 648 649 650 </div> 651 652 <div class="col-md-3 mylightergreybg"> 653 <select name="theyear" class="form-control" id="theyear" > 654 <option value="" selected>Search by Year 655 <option value='2026'>2026 (42)<option value='2025'>2025 (71)<option value='2024'>2024 (29)<option value='2023'>2023 (34)<option value='2022'>2022 (31)<option value='2021'>2021 (26)<option value='2020'>2020 (29)<option value='2019'>2019 (11)<option value='2018'>2018 (9)<option value='2017'>2017 (5)<option value='2016'>2016 (12)<option value='2015'>2015 (2)<option value='2013'>2013 (14)<option value='2012'>2012 (12) </select> 656 </div> 657 658 <div class="col-md-2 mylightergreybg"><input type="submit" alt="Search" value="Search" class="default-btn" /></div> 659 660 </form> 661 </div> 662 </div> 663 </div><br> 664 665 666 <div class="container"> 667 <div class="row"> 668 <div class="col-md-12"> 669 <h3></h3> 670 671 <div class="row"> 672 673 <!-- Begin Output Results --> 674 <div class="container"> 675 <h3>327 Found </h3><br> 676 <div class='row'> <!-- Heading --> 677 <div class="col-md-4"> 678 <div class="overhead">To what extent is Kenya exposed to the USA Economic Outcast Sanctions on Iran?</div> 679 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/to-what-extent-is-kenya-exposed-to-the-usa-economic-outcast-sanctions-on-iran/"> 680 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/to-what-extent-is-kenya-exposed-to-the-usa-economic-outcast-sanctions-on-iran/"> 681 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Untitled-design3.png);"></section></a> 682 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Wed, Sep 30, 2026 | 10:14 pm</i></font> 683 <!-- Para --> 684 <div class="myjustify"> 685 Kenya has benefited from its relations with the world. Multilateral, plurilateral or bilateral relationships with other countries has increased Kenyan firms and ... <br><br> 686 </div> 687 688 <!-- Read More --> 689 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/to-what-extent-is-kenya-exposed-to-the-usa-economic-outcast-sanctions-on-iran/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 690 691 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 692 <hr> 693 </div> 694 695 </div> 696 697 <!-- Heading --> 698 <div class="col-md-4"> 699 <div class="overhead">Kenya Has Been Here Before: Contingent Liabilities and the National Infrastru
699cture Fund Act</div> 700 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-has-been-here-before-contingent-liabilities-and-the-national-infrastructure-fund-act/"> 701 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-has-been-here-before-contingent-liabilities-and-the-national-infrastructure-fund-act/"> 702 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Untitled-design-46.png);"></section></a> 703 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Tue, Sep 22, 2026 | 2:53 pm</i></font> 704 <!-- Para --> 705 <div class="myjustify"> 706 The National Infrastructure Fund Act (No. 4 of 2026) took effect on 25 March 2026 with a headline financing target: to raise ... <br><br> 707 </div> 708 709 <!-- Read More --> 710 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenya-has-been-here-before-contingent-liabilities-and-the-national-infrastructure-fund-act/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 711 712 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 713 <hr> 714 </div> 715 716 </div> 717 718 <!-- Heading --> 719 <div class="col-md-4"> 720 <div class="overhead">Kenyaâs National Budget: A Matatu Ride Reflecting Fiscal Volatility and Structural Inefficiencies</div> 721 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-national-budget-a-matatu-ride-reflecting-fiscal-volatility-and-structural-inefficiencies/"> 722 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-national-budget-a-matatu-ride-reflecting-fiscal-volatility-and-structural-inefficiencies/"> 723 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/240-by-250-5.png);"></section></a> 724 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Wed, Sep 2, 2026 | 10:35 am</i></font> 725 <!-- Para --> 726 <div class="myjustify"> 727 Introduction 728The matatu metaphor can be used to analytically frame Kenyaâs budget as a system that is subject to binding constraints, evolving ... <br><br> 729 </div> 730 731 <!-- Read More --> 732 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-national-budget-a-matatu-ride-reflecting-fiscal-volatility-and-structural-inefficiencies/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 733 734 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 735 <hr> 736 </div> 737 738 </div> 739 740 <!-- Heading --> 741 <div class="col-md-4"> 742 <div class="overhead">NTSA Should Not Regulate Public Service Vehicle Fares</div> 743 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ntsa-should-not-regulate-public-service-vehicle-fares/"> 744 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ntsa-should-not-regulate-public-service-vehicle-fares/"> 745 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Screenshot-2026-08-14-at-20.36.09.png);"></section></a> 746 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Fri, Aug 14, 2026 | 8:34 pm</i></font> 747 <!-- Para --> 748 <div class="myjustify"> 749 Introduction 750Imagine paying the same fare to travel at 6 a.m. as you would at 6 p.m., even though ... <br><br> 751 </div> 752 753 <!-- Read More --> 754 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/ntsa-should-not-regulate-public-service-vehicle-fares/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 755 756 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 757 <hr> 758 </div> 759 760 </div> 761 762 <!-- Heading --> 763 <div class="col-md-4"> 764 <div class="overhead">What Would It Mean for a Hypothetical Listing of Space X On Nairobi Stock Exchange?</div> 765 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-would-it-mean-for-a-hypothetical-listing-of-space-x-on-nairobi-stock-exchange/"> 766 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-would-it-mean-for-a-hypothetical-listing-of-space-x-on-nairobi-stock-exchange/"> 767 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/magnific_nairobi-city-skyline-at-s_MBoBr4oDCm.png);"></section></a> 768 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Fri, Aug 14, 2026 | 7:56 pm</i></font> 769 <!-- Para --> 770 <div class="myjustify"> 771 Absurd hypotheticals are useful precisely because they stress-test a system until its constraints become visible. This note asks what would break first ... <br><br> 772 </div> 773 774 <!-- Read More --> 775 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/what-would-it-mean-for-a-hypothetical-listing-of-space-x-on-nairobi-stock-exchange/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 776 777 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 778 <hr> 779 </div> 780 781 </div> 782 783 <!-- Heading --> 784 <div class="col-md-4"> 785 <div class="overhead">The Arithmetic of Ambition: What Kenya’s First-World Dream Really Requires?</div> 786 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-arithmetic-of-ambition-what-kenyas-first-world-dream-really-requires/"> 787 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-arithmetic-of-ambition-what-kenyas-first-world-dream-really-requires/"> 788 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Untitled-design-15.png);"></section></a> 789 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Thu, Aug 13, 2026 | 9:30 am</i></font> 790 <!-- Para --> 791 <div class="myjustify"> 792 Kenyaâs proposed post-2030 Vision commits the country to high-income status âwithin a generation.â One positive issue that should be emulated is ... <br><br> 793 </div> 794 795 <!-- Read More --> 796 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/the-arithmetic-of-ambition-what-kenyas-first-world-dream-really-requires/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 797 798 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 799 <hr> 800 </div> 801 802 </div> 803 804 <!-- Heading --> 805 <div class="col-md-4"> 806 <div class="overhead">Kenya’s Debt: Borrow Today, Pay Tomorrow</div> 807 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-debt-borrow-today-pay-tomorrow/"> 808 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-debt-borrow-today-pay-tomorrow/"> 809 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Winnies-blog.png);"></section></a> 810 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Tue, Aug 11, 2026 | 10:46 pm</i></font> 811 <!-- Para --> 812 <div class="myjustify"> 813 According to the Annual Debt Report 2024/25, as shown in Chart 1 below, Kenya today is such that for every one hundred ... <br><br> 814 </div> 815 816 <!-- Read More --> 817 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/kenyas-debt-borrow-today-pay-tomorrow/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 818 819 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 820 <hr> 821 </div> 822 823 </div> 824 825 <!-- Heading --> 826 <div class="col-md-4"> 827 <div class="overhead">Why Kenya should Reconsider price and wage Control Policies.</div> 828 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenya-should-reconsider-price-and-wage-control-policies/"> 829 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenya-should-reconsider-price-and-wage-control-policies/"> 830 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5963a6ce-27c9-48b8-a173-1650b44ebf08.png);"></section></a> 831 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Mon, Aug 3, 2026 | 9:37 am</i></font> 832 <!-- Para --> 833 <div class="myjustify"> 834 Price and wage control policy by governments is often justified from the thinking that unregulated market prices are unfair and the pursuit ... <br><br> 835 </div> 836 837 <!-- Read More --> 838 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/why-kenya-should-reconsider-price-and-wage-control-policies/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 839 840 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 841 <hr> 842 </div> 843 844 </div> 845 846 <!-- Heading --> 847 <div class="col-md-4"> 848 <div class="overhead">How to Fulfil the Constitutional Promise for Free Primary Education Now</div> 849 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-to-fulfil-the-constitutional-promise-for-free-primary-education-now/"> 850 <a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-to-fulfil-the-constitutional-promise-for-free-primary-education-now/"> 851 <section class="sub-bnr" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; height: auto; min-height: 250px; background-size: cover; background-image: url(https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-24-2026-at-11_49_12-AM.png);"></section></a> 852 </a><br><font size="2" color="#000"><i>Fri, Jul 24, 2026 | 11:50 am</i></font> 853 <!-- Para --> 854 <div class="myjustify"> 855 The constitutional promise for free and compulsory basic education for all children in Kenya remains elusive 16 years after the promulgation of ... <br><br> 856 </div> 857 858 <!-- Read More --> 859 <p align='right'><a href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/blog/how-to-fulfil-the-constitutional-promise-for-free-primary-education-now/" class="more-link"><button class="btn btn-success">READ MORE</button></a> 860 861 <div class="post-meta clearfix"> 862 <hr> 863 </div> 864 865 </div> 866 867 <div align='right' class='page-numbers'><nav class='custom-pagination'><b><span class='page-numbers page-num'>Page 1 of 37</span> | </b><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> 868<a class="page-numbers" href="/blogs/?pg=2">2</a> 869<a class="page-numbers" href="/blogs/?pg=3">3</a> 870<span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> 871<a class="page-numbers" href="/blogs/?pg=37">37</a> 872<a class="next page-numbers" href="/blogs/?pg=2">»</a></nav></div></div>
873 </div> 874 </div> <!-- End Output Results --><br><br><br> 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 </div> 882 </div> 883 </div> 884 885 886 887<footer class="footer-area"> 888 <div class="footer-top bg-img default-overlay pt-50" style="background-color:#000; color:#000;"> 889 <div class="container"> 890 <div class="row"> 891 <div class="col-md-6"> 892 <div class="footer-widget negative-mrg-30 mb-40"> 893 <div class="footer-title"> 894 <h4>About IEA Kenya</h4> 895 <p>The Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA Kenya) is a think-tank that provides a platform for informed discussions in order to influence public policy in Kenya. We seek to promote pluralism of ideas through open, active and informed debate on public policy issues. We undertake research and conduct public education on key economic and topical issues in public affairs in Kenya and the region, and utilize the outcomes of the research for policy dialogue and to influence policy making.</p> 896 <!--<a class=" btn btn-success btn-slider-action" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/about/overview-of-iea/"> Read More </a><br><br>--> 897 898 <b>Subscribe to our Newsletter</b> 899 900 <form method="post" action="https://ieakenya.or.ke/?na=s" onsubmit="return newsletter_check(this)"> 901 <input type="hidden" name="nlang" value=""> 902 903 <div class="row"> 904 <div class="col-md-8"><div class="tnp-field tnp-field-email"><input class="form-control" type="email" name="ne" required placeholder="Please Enter your Email Address"></div></div> 905 <div class="col-md-4"><input id="newsletter_btn" name="newsletter_btn" type="submit" value="Subscribe" class="default-btn"> 906 <input type="hidden" name="ns" value="1" /></div> 907 </div> 908 </form> 909 </div> 910 911 912 </div> 913 </div> 914 915 916 <div class="col-md-2"> 917 <div class="footer-widget mb-40"> 918 <div class="footer-title"> 919 <h4>Quick Links</h4> 920 </div> 921 <div class="footer-about"> 922 <p><a class="alink" href="../about/overview-of-iea/">About</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../about/governance/">IEA Structure</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../download-category/bulletins-and-briefs/">Publications</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../membership/">Membership</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../all_press/press-releases/">Press</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../blogs/">Blogs</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../videos/">Videos</a><br /><a href="../careers-opportunities/">Careers / Opportunities</a><br /><a class="alink" href="../contact-us/">Contacts</a><br /><a class="alink" href="https://publicaudits.ke/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Audits</a></p> 923 </div> 924 </div> 925 926 </div> 927 <div class="col-md-4"> 928 <div class="footer-widget mb-40"> 929 <div class="footer-title"> 930 <h4>Contact US</h4> 931 </div> 932 <div class="footer-about"> 933 934 <div class="f-contact-info"> 935 <div class="single-f-contact-info"> 936 <i class="fa fa-home"></i> 937 <span>1st Ngong Avenue, ACK Garden House, 5th Floor.</span><br><br> 938 <i class="fa fa-home"></i> <span>P.O. Box 53989 â 00200 Nairobi</span> 939 </div> 940 <div class="single-f-contact-info"> 941 <i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i> 942 <span><a href="#">[email protected]</a></span> 943 </div> 944 <div class="single-f-contact-info"> 945 <i class="fa fa-phone"></i> 946 <span> +254 (020) 272 1262 / (020) 271 7402</span> 947 </div> 948 <div class="single-f-contact-info"> 949 <i class="fa fa-phone"></i> 950 <span> +254 (0) 724256510 / (0) 733272126</span> 951 </div> 952 </div> 953 </div> 954 </div> 955 </div> 956 957 958 </div> 959 960 961 962 </div> 963 </div> 964 </div> 965 <div class="footer-bottom pt-15 pb-15"> 966 <div class="container"> 967 <div class="row align-items-center"> 968 <div class="col-md-10"> 969 <div class="copyright"> 970 <p> 971 Copyright © 2026. IEA Kenya. All Right Reserved. 972 </p> 973 </div> 974 </div> 975 <div class="col-md-2"> 976 <div class="footer-menu-social"> 977 978 <div class="footer-social"> 979 <ul> 980 981 <li><a target="_blank" class="facebook" href="https://web.facebook.com/IEAKe?_rdc=1&_rdr"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> 982 <li><a target="_blank" class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/IEAKenya"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> 983 <li><a target="_blank" class="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ieakenya/?hl=en"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> 984 <li><a target="_blank" class="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9juk8ErovZ4OyzmFscFRaw"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> 985 <li><a target="_blank" class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institute-of-economic-affairs?trk=tyah&trkInfo=clickedVertical%3Acompany%2CclickedEntityId%3A1169683%2Cidx%3A4-2-7%2CtarId%3A1455535362901%2Ctas%3AInstitute%20of%20Economic%20A"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> 986 <li><a target="_blank" class="flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/129823674@N08/albums"><i class="fa fa-flickr"></i></a></li> 987 <li><a target="_blank" href="https://publicaudits.ke/"><img alt="" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/images/pa-icon.png"></a></li> 988 </ul> 989 </div> 990 </div> 991 </div> 992 </div> 993 </div> 994 </div> 995</footer> 996 997<!-- End Page Wrapper --> 998 999<!-- JS 1000============================================ --> 1001<!-- Vendor -->
1002<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/jquery.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1002
1002
1003<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/modernizr.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
1003 1004<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/css/jquery.fancybox.min.css?v=2.2" />
1005<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/jquery.fancybox.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
1005 1006<!-- Popper JS -->
1007<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/js/popper.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
1007 1008<!-- Bootstrap JS -->
1009<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
1009 1010<!-- Plugins JS -->
1011<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/js/plugins.js?v=2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1011
1011
1012<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/js/ajax-mail.js?v=2.2"></script>
1012 1013<!-- Main JS -->
1014<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/assets/js/main.js?v=2.4"></script>
1014 1015
1016<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/theme.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1016
1016
1017<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/jquery.themepunch.tools.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1017
1017
1018<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/jquery.themepunch.revolution.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1018
1018
1019<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/theme.init.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1019
1019
1020<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/themes/custom2/js/select2.min.js?v=2.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1020
1020
1021<script> 1022if ($("#newsevents").length) { 1023 $("#newsevents").select2( { 1024 placeholder: "Search by Title", 1025 allowClear: true 1026 } ); 1027} 1028if ($("#mykeyword").length) { 1029 $("#mykeyword").select2( { 1030 placeholder: "Search by Keywords", 1031 allowClear: true 1032 } ); 1033} 1034if ($("#themes").length) { 1035 $("#themes").select2( { 1036 placeholder: "Search by Themes", 1037 allowClear: true 1038 } ); 1039} 1040if ($("#theyear").length) { 1041 $("#theyear").select2( { 1042 placeholder: "Search by Year", 1043 allowClear: true 1044 } ); 1045} 1046</script>
1046 1047 1048
1048<script type="speculationrules"> 1049{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/custom2/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 1050</script>
1050 1051
1051<script> 1052 const abmsg = "We noticed an ad blocker. Consider whitelisting us to support the site â¤ï¸"; 1053 const abmsgd = "download"; 1054 const iswpdmpropage = 0; 1055 jQuery(function($){ 1056 1057 1058 }); 1059 </script>
1059 1060 <div id="fb-root"></div> 1061 1062 <div id="fb-root"></div> 1063
1063<script 1064 async defer crossorigin="anonymous" 1065 src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v12.0&autoLogAppEvents=1"> 1066 </script>
1066 1067 1068
1068<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1068
1068
1069<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1069
1069
1070<script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> 1071wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); 1072//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after 1073</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1073
1073
1074<script id="swv-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1074
1074
1075<script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> 1076var wpcf7 = { 1077 "api": { 1078 "root": "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-json\/", 1079 "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" 1080 }, 1081 "cached": 1 1082}; 1083//# sourceURL=contact-form-7-js-before 1084</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1084
1084
1085<script id="contact-form-7-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1085
1085
1086<script id="jquery-form-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.form.min.js?ver=4.3.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1086
1086
1087<script id="wd-asl-ajaxsearchlite-js-before"> 1088window.ASL = typeof window.ASL !== 'undefined' ? window.ASL : {}; window.ASL.wp_rocket_exception = "DOMContentLoaded"; window.ASL.ajaxurl = "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"; window.ASL.backend_ajaxurl = "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"; window.ASL.asl_url = "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-content\/plugins\/ajax-search-lite\/"; window.ASL.rest_url = "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-json\/"; window.ASL.detect_ajax = true; window.ASL.media_query = 4787; window.ASL.version = 4787; window.ASL.pageHTML = ""; window.ASL.additional_scripts = []; window.ASL.script_async_load = false; window.ASL.init_only_in_viewport = true; window.ASL.font_url = "https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-content\/plugins\/ajax-search-lite\/css\/fonts\/icons2.woff2"; window.ASL.highlight = {"enabled":false,"data":[]}; window.ASL.analytics = {"method":false,"tracking_id":"","event":{"focus":{"items":[]},"search_start":{"items":[]},"search_end":{"items":[]},"magnifier":{"items":[]},"return":{"items":[]},"facet_change":{"items":[]},"result_click":{"items":[]}}}; window.ASL.statistics = {"enabled":false,"uid":0}; window.ASL.cache = {"enabled":false,"type":"super_file","list":[],"url":"https:\/\/ieakenya.or.ke\/wp-content\/cache\/asp\/results\/"}; 1089//# sourceURL=wd-asl-ajaxsearchlite-js-before 1090</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1090
1090
1091<script id="wd-asl-ajaxsearchlite-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/ajax-search-lite/js/min/plugin/merged/asl.min.js?ver=4787"></script>
vendor: 86 bytes, lines 1091-1092
1091 1092<script id="google-recaptcha-js" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=
10926Lct_7EZAAAAAMVfT0mBgO4FV7Mmicg5SxaSqHVc
vendor: 25 bytes, line 1092
1092&ver=3.0"></script>
1093<script id="wp-polyfill-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1093
1093
1094<script id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before"> 1095var wpcf7_recaptcha = { 1096 "sitekey": "6Lct_7EZAAAAAMVfT0mBgO4FV7Mmicg5SxaSqHVc", 1097 "actions": { 1098 "homepage": "homepage", 1099 "contactform": "contactform" 1100 } 1101}; 1102//# sourceURL=wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before 1103</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1103
1103
1104<script id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js" src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.1.7"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1104
1104
1105<script id="gt_widget_script_12319914-js-before"> 1106window.gtranslateSettings = /* document.write */ window.gtranslateSettings || {};window.gtranslateSettings['12319914'] = {"default_language":"en","languages":["ar","zh-CN","nl","en","fr","de","it","pt","ru","es"],"url_structure":"none","flag_style":"2d","flag_size":24,"wrapper_selector":"#gt-wrapper-12319914","alt_flags":[],"horizontal_position":"inline","flags_location":"\/wp-content\/plugins\/gtranslate\/flags\/"}; 1107//# sourceURL=gt_widget_script_12319914-js-before 1108</script>
1108<script src="https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-content/plugins/gtranslate/js/popup.js?ver=5.0.1" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-minify="1" data-gt-orig-url="/blogs/" data-gt-orig-domain="ieakenya.or.ke" data-gt-widget-id="12319914" defer></script>
1108<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 1109{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.2"}} 1110</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1110
1110
1111<script type="module"> 1112/*! This file is auto-generated */ 1113var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))}); 1114//# sourceURL=https://ieakenya.or.ke/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js 1115</script>
1115 1116 1117</body> 1118 1119</html> 1120 1121<!-- Dynamic page generated in 0.512 seconds. --> 1122<!-- Cached page generated by WP-Super-Cache on 2026-10-02 13:37:28 --> 1123 1124<!-- super cache -->
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.