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1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8" />
5<title>
6About | Jonathan Spyer</title>
7<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />
8<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/twentyten/style.css?m=1659017451i&amp;ver=20190507" />
9<link rel="pingback" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/xmlrpc.php">
10<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
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28	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
29	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" );
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138// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load
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158<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jonathan Spyer &raquo; Feed" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/feed/" />
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341						<a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/" title="Jonathan Spyer" rel="home">Jonathan Spyer</a>
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369											<h1 class="entry-title">About</h1>
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371					<div class="entry-content">
372						<p>Jonathan Spyer is a Middle East analyst, author and journalist specializing in the Levant and Iraq. He is the director of the Middle East Center for Reporting and Analysis (MECRA),  a  Research Fellow at the Jerusalem Center for Strategy and Security and a Fellow at the Middle East Forum.</p>
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416
417
418			<h3 id="comments-title">
419			17 Responses to <em>About</em>			</h3>
420
421
422			<ol class="commentlist">
423						<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-2">
424		<div id="comment-2">
425			<div class="comment-author vcard">
426				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='gs don morris,Ph.D.&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e5eb43e20351cf714118762e37f2d04bbcb682380b438793e97ba16576520f99?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://docstalk.blogspot.com/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">gs don morris,Ph.D.</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
427
428				
429				
430			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-2">
431				December 22, 2010 at 21:07</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
432
433			<div class="comment-body"><p>Greetings,<br />
434Just had a communication with Barry and he suggested I contact you about your new book-happy to interview you and/or promote the book on one of my blogs-all the best-don</p>
435</div>
436
437			<div class="reply">
438				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=2#respond" data-commentid="2" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-2" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to gs don morris,Ph.D." aria-label="Reply to gs don morris,Ph.D.">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
439		</div><!-- #comment-##  -->
440
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442		<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-4">
443		<div id="comment-4">
444			<div class="comment-author vcard">
445				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='ms&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/48165e65a359b07a128ba99da72d68c42a2ebcbb4a287506574332074ad96567?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">ms</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
446
447				
448				
449			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-4">
450				January 1, 2011 at 21:21</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
451
452			<div class="comment-body"><p>To me, Isreal&#8217;s most imminent threat is a massive rocket attack from Hizballah. The flight times are so short, Iron Dome does not help.<br />
453I&#8217;ve not heard of anything available now (David&#8217;s Sling is in the future) in Isreal for the threat described below.</p>
454<p>The American Centurion is basically the Phalanx naval gun system with new software that enables it to take data from other radar systems, and shoot down just about any kind of artillery shell or rocket within range. </p>
455<p>There is the possibility of a first strike massive missle attack from Hizballah. The Centurion seems to be the best method of knocking down short range missles with short flight times.</p>
456<p>Isreal has, I&#8217;ve heard, only one Centurion. Surely the Isreali military people can see it&#8217;s useful. </p>
457<p>Why isn&#8217;t Isreal, on a priority basis, buying these from the US in a large quanitity to protect the northern border?<
457/p>
458<p>Thanks. By the way, you have written some very informative articles about Isreal, etc.</p>
459<p>But one other question- you wrote that even though Erdogan of Turkey hates Isreal, Isreal and Turkey can work through that. But I separately read awhile ago, the Turkish population hates Isreal and the US, as the controlled media teaches them. So how can Isreal solve that with a country that wants an apology for ambushing Isreali commandos in that flotilla incident?</p>
460<p>Mike</p>
461</div>
462
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464				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=4#respond" data-commentid="4" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-4" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to ms" aria-label="Reply to ms">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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471				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='[email protected]&#039;s avatar' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6f667713fa0263fbdf6287e4991f815d5650c592692bf8010a7e079526d79d64?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">[email protected]</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
472
473				
474				
475			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-63">
476				June 6, 2011 at 03:53</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
477
478			<div class="comment-body"><p>Mr . Spyer , I just finished reading your book &#8220;Transforming fire..&#8221;.<br />
479I am very much impressed by the depth and clarity of your analysis.<br />
480I am going to recommend it to all my friends and acquaintances.</p>
481</div>
482
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491				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='jonathanspyer&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">jonathanspyer</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
492
493				
494				
495			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-66">
496				June 14, 2011 at 08:49</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
497
498			<div class="comment-body"><p>Igor &#8211; I&#8217;m really glad you enjoyed the book and found it interesting, and thanks for the recommendation.</p>
499</div>
500
501			<div class="reply">
502				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=66#respond" data-commentid="66" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-66" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jonathanspyer" aria-label="Reply to jonathanspyer">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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506		<li class="comment even depth-3" id="li-comment-319">
507		<div id="comment-319">
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509				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='David Shelton&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/14fc3a4f51acf3d62f17e88ba49a7d9436fe83ae27ec1c694d69099bcb9b7bd8?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">David Shelton</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
510
511				
512				
513			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-319">
514				February 21, 2012 at 16:52</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
515
516			<div class="comment-body"><p>Just read your piece about the Free Syrian Army (021912).  One question I can&#8217;t find the answer to, is what happens to the relatives of those deserters who have moved into the FSA?  Do they typically secure their family in a safe area before they make the move, or are there cases of their families paying the price for their actions.</p>
517</div>
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529		<div id="comment-77">
530			<div class="comment-author vcard">
531				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Sherkoh Abbas&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d8f822f9211f3752310d4770a72e261e101253a1676baf861987016dcd85655b?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://www.kurdnas.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Sherkoh Abbas</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
532
533				
534				
535			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-77">
536				July 29, 2011 at 19:16</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
537
538			<div class="comment-body"><p>Dear Mr. Spyer,</p>
539<p>Your report on Syrian Kurds, good report; however, there are a few issues with it:<br />
5401- Kurds of Syria &gt;20%; Damascus alone has one million Kurds, Alpeo has 1.2 Million Kurds.<br />
5412- Kurdish region of Syria, Mesopotamia area (Aljazeera now days divided between Der alzowr, Hassakah, Raqa) has &gt; 2.5 millions.<br />
5423- There are many Kurds in Hama and else where were they have been Arabized.<br />
5434- Kurds want Federalism and have no link to Turkish Kurds or their model.<br />
5445- Kurdish organization / an umberla / platform organization called Kurdistan National Assembly of Syria has been working on the Kurdish issues for many years.<br />
5456-Here is what Kurds want:<br />
546Kurdistan National Assembly of Syria  appeals to the international community to declare Syrian regime as illegitimate regime and support the Syrian revolution and democratic groups working inside Syria.<br />
547Turning Syria into a federal state, with a democratic system to structure the federal government and provincial governments, will start a new era in which the Syrian people and neighboring countries will enjoy freedom, peace, security and stability. </p>
548<p>Regards,</p>
549<p>Sherkoh Abbas, President<br />
550Kurdistan National Assembly of Syria<br />
551<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br />
552<a href="http://www.klurdnas.com" rel="nofollow ugc">http://www.klurdnas.com</a></p>
553</div>
554
555			<div class="reply">
556				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=77#respond" data-commentid="77" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-77" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Sherkoh Abbas" aria-label="Reply to Sherkoh Abbas">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
557		</div><!-- #comment-##  -->
558
559				</li><!-- #comment-## -->
560		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-130">
561		<div id="comment-130">
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563				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='hagay&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8dcf3338e8009d52f7e6f9695059d22010996625590808bf6191092bbd899c3f?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">hagay</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
564
565				
566				
567			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-130">
568				October 7, 2011 at 11:23</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
569
570			<div class="comment-body"><p>Hello dear friend,  please i need you email because i will send email to all those who make good actions against the israeli situation , those books who are so important to wake up people   and help see the problem.  i will send soon email for all of the people who help to stop this 
570stupid situation.  please send me you email to me email   <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>        many thankx and good work  dear friend.   Hagay H</p>
571</div>
572
573			<div class="reply">
574				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=130#respond" data-commentid="130" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-130" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to hagay" aria-label="Reply to hagay">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
575		</div><!-- #comment-##  -->
576
577				</li><!-- #comment-## -->
578		<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-240">
579		<div id="comment-240">
580			<div class="comment-author vcard">
581				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Michael Ross&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7600bb01141af058fb41123572c4c3e8d0e52cb6d904c21883a03e9beb78fbfb?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://www.therability.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Michael Ross</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
582
583				
584				
585			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-240">
586				December 15, 2011 at 18:16</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
587
588			<div class="comment-body"><p>Jonathan &#8211; I just finished reading The Transforming Fire, which you signed for me at the San Diego Book Fair. I commend  you on a brilliant analysis of the conflict and how it has evolved over the decades. I just hope that Netanyahu and Barak share your strategy for victory over the Islamists desire to destroy us.</p>
589</div>
590
591			<div class="reply">
592				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=240#respond" data-commentid="240" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-240" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Michael Ross" aria-label="Reply to Michael Ross">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
593		</div><!-- #comment-##  -->
594
595				</li><!-- #comment-## -->
596		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-323">
597		<div id="comment-323">
598			<div class="comment-author vcard">
599				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Paige Kollock&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4569112fb52b47cb0662bca94bcf530a517f648a541cb0476d28925f19994726?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">Paige Kollock</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
600
601				
602				
603			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-323">
604				March 1, 2012 at 04:33</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
605
606			<div class="comment-body"><p>Mr. Spyer,<br />
607Need to get in touch with you re: interview request.  Pls reply to my email.  Thank y
607ou.</p>
608</div>
609
610			<div class="reply">
611				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=323#respond" data-commentid="323" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-323" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Paige Kollock" aria-label="Reply to Paige Kollock">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
612		</div><!-- #comment-##  -->
613
614				</li><!-- #comment-## -->
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616		<div id="comment-638">
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618				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Shirley Anne Haber&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5c099c665a6e091a5fb207319f9ebd04f9d6803a39444ec7605b3ce209a6c895?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://www.speakersaction.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Shirley Anne Haber</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
619
620				
621				
622			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-638">
623				February 21, 2013 at 19:15</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
624
625			<div class="comment-body"><p>Hi Jonathan &#8211; are you planning a trip to North America in the Spring? My group, The Speakers Action Group, are interested in having you speak at one of our speaking engagements &#8211; you can see us at <a href="http://www.speakersaction.com" rel="nofollow ugc">http://www.speakersaction.com</a> &#8211; I heard you speak last year at LIpa Green building of Jewish Federation in Toronto &#8211; we have had Barry Rubin on several occasions &#8211; he spoke over Skype to us in October and you came to Toronto shortly after. Let me know if you are planning on coming&#8230;and the cost of your honourarium and other costs involved?<br />
626thanks<br />
627Shirley Anne Haber</p>
628</div>
629
630			<div class="reply">
631				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=638#respond" data-commentid="638" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-638" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Shirley Anne Haber" aria-label="Reply to Shirley Anne Haber">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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633
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635		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-1312">
636		<div id="comment-1312">
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638				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Joachim steinhöfel&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ec0b4992409b81c488eb788322fa9766c3eeeb663151f67517262892898ea98?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://www.steinhoefel.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Joachim steinhöfel</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
639
640				
641				
642			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-1312">
643				August 4, 2013 at 18:52</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
644
645			<div class="comment-body"><p>I am starting to read the last chapter of &#8220;The Transforming Fire&#8221;. A great book. And as Igor, see above, I recommended it to all my friends who share an interest in the subject.</p>
646</div>
647
648			<div class="reply">
649				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=1312#respond" data-commentid="1312" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-1312" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Joachim steinhöfel" aria-label="Reply to Joachim steinhöfel">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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651
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656				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='jonathanspyer&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/84d1925647e2fc81ed5d2f01e53cac8fd1bd385d93ff6f360c1a28f5d8718ffb?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">jonathanspyer</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
657
658				
659				
660			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-1320">
661				August 9, 2013 at 18:32</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
662
663			<div class="comment-body"><p>Thank you, Joachim! I am very glad that you enjoyed the book.</p>
664</div>
665
666			<div class="reply">
667				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=1320#respond" data-commentid="1320" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-1320" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to jonathanspyer" aria-label="Reply to jonathanspyer">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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669
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671</ul><!-- .children -->
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673		<li class="comment even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-7173">
674		<div id="comment-7173">
675			<div class="comment-author vcard">
676				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Elliott A Green&#039;s avatar' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989
676cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/09e3d58c960d9e3782f63c88788abae5975c1989cf85ff8b567f5e42a912086f?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/author/elliott-a-green/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Elliott A Green</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
677
678				
679				
680			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-7173">
681				December 3, 2014 at 19:02</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
682
683			<div class="comment-body"><p>Dear Jonathan, I left a comment several days ago on your latest post about Sunni Islam as the background to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Now, today, I came back and I find that the comment is still &#8220;awaiting moderation.&#8221; Do you think you will be getting around to moderation of the comment sometime soon?</p>
684</div>
685
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694				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='L. J. Winn&#039;s avatar' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6975cf27739f014eb61026dd9d106f979f5dd783ebe76ff388b678a3c6c13244?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">L. J. Winn</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
695
696				
697				
698			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-7458">
699				December 15, 2014 at 15:55</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
700
701			<div class="comment-body"><p>Dr. Spyer:<br />
702What are your thoughts about<br />
703(a) the perspective of self-described secular Sunni Iraqis that western air force strikes against ISIL, unaccompanied by constraints on Iranian and Iraqi Shia militia power in Sunni areas of Iraq, inevitably drive Sunnis to support ISIL for protection against Shia abuses, and<br />
704(b) the viewpoint that western air strikes against ISIL unavoidably kill civilians and are perceived as Christendom&#8217;s alliance with Iran.</p>
705</div>
706
707			<div class="reply">
708				<a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/?replytocom=7458#respond" data-commentid="7458" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-7458" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to 
708L. J. Winn" aria-label="Reply to L. J. Winn">Reply</a>			</div><!-- .reply -->
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710
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715				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Andrew Tucker&#039;s avatar' src='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b80aae8048067ff11a19417bdbbfb79b34582f7c900ce8ab986d3a2fefc1880c?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn"><a href="http://Www.c4israel.org" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Andrew Tucker</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
716
717				
718				
719			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-17952">
720				October 23, 2018 at 15:59</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
721
722			<div class="comment-body"><p>Hi jonathan,<br />
723Would you be available to give a lecture at the Christians for Israel International leadership conference<br />
7246th March 2019<br />
725At 10am<br />
726In Jerusalem </p>
727<p>Let me know. Thanks! </p>
728<p>Andrew Tucker</p>
729</div>
730
731			<div class="reply">
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739				<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt='Periel Aschenbrand&#039;s avatar' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=40&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=60&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=80&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=120&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ec75ab7c5c42a36497a73429e66cd5852c7c0940b41c21e5762d013c746ddaa?s=160&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' />				<cite class="fn">Periel Aschenbrand</cite> <span class="says">says:</span>			</div><!-- .comment-author .vcard -->
740
741				
742				
743			<div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/about/#comment-29650">
744				October 30, 2023 at 14:33</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
745
746			<div class="comment-body"><p>Hello,<br />
747I hope this finds you well.<br />
748I produce Live From the Table, the Sirius Radio show and podcast for the Comedy Cellar and we’d love to invite you to be a guest on the show. </p>
749<p>Despite the name, we regularly have very serious discussions with very a wide variety of prominent guests from the worlds of journalism, culture and politics such as Coleman Hughes, Tyler Cowan and Glenn Loury and more recently, Bret Stephens, Michael Moynihan and Khalid Rashidi. </p>
750<p>The podcast is hosted by Cellar owner Noam Dworman and Dan Naturman. </p>
751<p>The tapings are every Wednesday at 5:45 PM (EST) at the studio above the Cellar— audio and video&#8211; or remotely if you&#8217;re not in NY and we tape for about an hour. </p>
752<p>We would love to have you. </p>
753<p>If you are available / interested, kindly get in touch. </p>
754<p>Thanks so much for your consideration, <br />
755Periel  </p>
756</div>
757
758			<div class="reply">
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771				October 30, 2023 at 14:55</a>			</div><!-- .comment-meta .commentmetadata -->
772
773			<div class="comment-body"><p>Hi Periel,</p>
774<p>That sounds interesting.  How can I contact you?  </p>
775</div>
776
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929	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/12/'>December 2016</a></li>
930	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/11/'>November 2016</a></li>
931	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/10/'>October 2016</a></li>
932	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/09/'>September 2016</a></li>
933	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/08/'>August 2016</a></li>
934	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/07/'>July 2016</a></li>
935	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li>
936	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/04/'>April 2016</a></li>
937	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/03/'>March 2016</a></li>
938	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/02/'>February 2016</a></li>
939	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2016/01/'>January 2016</a></li>
940	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/12/'>December 2015</a></li>
941	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/11/'>November 2015</a></li>
942	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/10/'>October 2015</a></li>
943	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/09/'>September 2015</a></li>
944	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/08/'>August 2015</a></li>
945	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/07/'>July 2015</a></li>
946	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/06/'>June 2015</a></li>
947	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/05/'>May 2015</a></li>
948	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/04/'>April 2015</a></li>
949	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li>
950	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/02/'>February 2015</a></li>
951	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2015/01/'>January 2015</a></li>
952	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/12/'>December 2014</a></li>
953	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/11/'>November 2014</a></li>
954	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/10/'>October 2014</a></li>
955	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/09/'>September 2014</a></li>
956	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/08/'>August 2014</a></li>
957	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/07/'>July 2014</a></li>
958	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/06/'>June 2014</a></li>
959	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/05/'>May 2014</a></li>
960	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/04/'>April 2014</a></li>
961	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/03/'>March 2014</a></li>
962	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/02/'>February 2014</a></li>
963	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2014/01/'>January 2014</a></li>
964	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/11/'>November 2013</a></li>
965	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/10/'>October 2013</a></li>
966	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/09/'>September 2013</a></li>
967	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/08/'>August 2013</a></li>
968	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/07/'>July 2013</a></li>
969	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/06/'>June 2013</a></li>
970	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/05/'>May 2013</a></li>
971	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/04/'>April 2013</a></li>
972	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/03/'>March 2013</a></li>
973	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/02/'>February 2013</a></li>
974	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2013/01/'>January 2013</a></li>
975	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/12/'>December 2012</a></li>
976	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/11/'>November 2012</a></li>
977	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/10/'>October 2012</a></li>
978	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/09/'>September 2012</a></li>
979	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/08/'>August 2012</a></li>
980	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/07/'>July 2012</a></li>
981	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/06/'>June 2012</a></li>
982	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/05/'>May 2012</a></li>
983	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/04/'>April 2012</a></li>
984	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/03/'>March 2012</a></li>
985	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/02/'>February 2012</a></li>
986	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2012/01/'>January 2012</a></li>
987	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/12/'>December 2011</a></li>
988	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/11/'>November 2011</a></li>
989	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/10/'>October 2011</a></li>
990	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/09/'>September 2011</a></li>
991	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/08/'>August 2011</a></li>
992	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/07/'>July 2011</a></li>
993	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/06/'>June 2011</a></li>
994	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/04/'>April 2011</a></li>
995	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/03/'>March 2011</a></li>
996	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/02/'>February 2011</a></li>
997	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2011/01/'>January 2011</a></li>
998	<li><a href='https://jonathanspyer.com/2010/12/'>December 2010</a></li>
999			</ul>
1000
1001			</li><li id="categories-2" class="widget-container widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title">Categories</h3>
1002			<ul>
1003					<li class="cat-item cat-item-651"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/category/articles/">Articles</a>
1004</li>
1005	<li class="cat-item cat-item-178"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/category/books/">Books</a>
1006</li>
1007	<li class="cat-item cat-item-831"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/category/interviews/">Interviews</a>
1008</li>
1009	<li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a>
1010</li>
1011			</ul>
1012
1013			</li><li id="meta-2" class="widget-container widget_meta"><h3 class="widget-title">Meta</h3>
1014		<ul>
1015			<li><a class="click-register" href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Create account</a></li>			<li><a href="https://jonathanspyer.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li>
1016			<li><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/feed/">Entries feed</a></li>
1017			<li><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li>
1018
1019			<li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li>
1020		</ul>
1021
1022		</li><li id="rss_links-3" class="widget-container widget_rss_links"><h3 class="widget-title">RSS Feed</h3><ul><li><a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/feed/" title="Subscribe to Posts">RSS - Posts</a></li></ul>
1023</li>			</ul>
1024		</div><!-- #primary .widget-area -->
1025
1026	</div><!-- #main -->
1027
1028	<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
1029		<div id="colophon">
1030
1031
1032
1033			<div id="site-info">
1034				<a href="https://jonathanspyer.com/" title="Jonathan Spyer" rel="home">
1035					Jonathan Spyer				</a>
1036							</div><!-- #site-info -->
1037
1038			<div id="site-generator">
1039								<a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website" rel="nofollow">Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.</a>
1040			</div><!-- #site-generator -->
1041
1042		</div><!-- #colophon -->
1043	</div><!-- #footer -->
1044
1045</div><!-- #wrapper -->
1046
1047<!--  -->
1048<script type="speculationrules">
1049{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/files/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/twentyten/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
1050</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1050
1050
1051<script id="grofiles-cards-js" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202640d1133547e8a1f2801609f51cef12522abe7f6647d869e9fbc974fe356a37e613"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1051
1051
1052<script id="wpgroho-js-extra">
1053var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""};
1054//# sourceURL=wpgroho-js-extra
1055</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1055
1055
1056<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script>
1056
1057
1058	
1058<script>
1059		// Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars
1060		( function() {
1061			function init() {
1062				if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) {
1063					return;
1064				}
1065
1066				if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) {
1067					return;
1068				}
1069
1070				Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) {
1071					WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id );
1072				};
1073
1074				Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash;
1075				Gravatar.init(
1076					'body',
1077					'#wp-admin-bar-my-account',
1078					{
1079						i18n: {
1080							'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →',
1081							'View profile →': 'View profile →',
1082							'Contact': 'Contact',
1083							'Send money': 'Send money',
1084							'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.',
1085							'Gravatar not found.': 'Gravatar not found.',
1086							'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.',
1087							'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.',
1088							'Is this you?': 'Is this you?',
1089							'Claim your free profile.': 'Claim your free profile.',
1090							'Email': 'Email',
1091							'Home Phone': 'Home Phone',
1092							'Work Phone': 'Work Phone',
1093							'Cell Phone': 'Cell Phone',
1094							'Contact Form': 'Contact Form',
1095							'Calendar': 'Calendar',
1096						},
1097					}
1098				);
1099			}
1100
1101			if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) {
1102				init();
1103			} else {
1104				document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init );
1105			}
1106		} )();
1107	</script>
1107
1108
1109		<div style="display:none">
1110	<div class="grofile-hash-map-773cb1428fb91bfaeef39323bf68841a">
1111	</div>
1112	<div class="grofile-hash-map-2d9c04a6d222106f05394487cc88934b">
1113	</div>
1114	<div class="grofile-hash-map-8e0afd3846c983b74964dd55a4d6e421">
1115	</div>
1116	<div class="grofile-hash-map-dab7d4497c5cff02b5557ad899ec08c6">
1117	</div>
1118	<div class="grofile-hash-map-b4dce3f3915b5fc6dc98e614256d653a">
1119	</div>
1120	<div class="grofile-hash-map-b54fc24550da77aec640aed82be78276">
1121	</div>
1122	<div class="grofile-hash-map-43a3b004300a8e63907935e3b14f0fb6">
1123	</div>
1124	<div class="grofile-hash-map-7cdebbb39325588444fc2b565d8e2afa">
1125	</div>
1126	<div class="grofile-hash-map-6fd26d1902a9e137e2ddde67fc81ee7d">
1127	</div>
1128	<div class="grofile-hash-map-83853a1c5f9d8710066e6af712db6bd4">
1129	</div>
1130	<div class="grofile-hash-map-972692266d57d556be8807e3bbb5fc60">
1131	</div>
1132	<div class="grofile-hash-map-e86276cb3aa7d5438e5a0ea9601796c7">
1133	</div>
1134	<div class="grofile-hash-map-3488e52f76a3c33b5ceeeb8f5af78aa7">
1135	</div>
1136	<div class="grofile-hash-map-ccf39d6433bfb01d78e1b8f2ac0d6d5e">
1137	</div>
1138	<div class="grofile-hash-map-f94d11b3f4044ee9a7bab967bf62f5df">
1139	</div>
1140	</div>
1141		<!-- CCPA [start] -->
1142		
1142<script type="text/javascript">
1143			( function () {
1144
1145				var setupPrivacy = function() {
1146
1147					// Minimal Mozilla Cookie library
1148					// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework
1149					var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}};
1150
1151					// Implement IAB USP API.
1152					window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) {
1153
1154						// Validate callback.
1155						if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) {
1156							return;
1157						}
1158
1159						// Validate the given command.
1160						if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) {
1161							callback( null, false );
1162							return;
1163						}
1164
1165						// Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie.
1166						if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) {
1167							callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true );
1168							return;
1169						}
1170
1171						// Check for cookie.
1172						var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' );
1173
1174						// Invalid cookie.
1175						if ( null === consent ) {
1176							callback( null, false );
1177							return;
1178						}
1179
1180						// Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data.
1181						callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true );
1182					};
1183
1184					// Initialization.
1185					document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() {
1186
1187						// Internal functions.
1188						var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() {
1189							var value = '1YNN';
1190							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1191							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1192						};
1193
1194						var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() {
1195							var value = '1YYN';
1196							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1197							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1198						};
1199
1200						var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() {
1201							var value = '1---';
1202							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1203							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1204						};
1205
1206						var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) {
1207							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1208							cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1209						}
1210
1211						var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() {
1212							if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) {
1213								return window.doNotSellCallback();
1214							}
1215
1216							return false;
1217						}
1218
1219						// Look for usprivacy cookie first.
1220						var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' );
1221
1222						// Found a usprivacy cookie.
1223						if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) {
1224
1225							// If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail.
1226							if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) {
1227								return;
1228							}
1229
1230							// CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page.
1231							maybeCallDoNotSellCallback();
1232
1233							// We're all done, no more processing needed.
1234							return;
1235						}
1236
1237						// We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie.
1238						var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' );
1239
1240						// No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California.
1241						// This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers,
1242						// only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region.
1243						if ( null === ccpaCookie ) {
1244
1245							var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
1246							request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true );
1247
1248							request.onreadystatechange = function () {
1249								if ( 4 === this.readyState ) {
1250									if ( 200 === this.status ) {
1251
1252										// Got a geo response. Parse out the region data.
1253										var data = JSON.parse( this.response );
1254										var region      = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : '';
1255										var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1;
1256										// Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently.
1257										setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies );
1258
1259										// Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie.
1260										if ( ccpa_applies ) {
1261											if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1262												// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1263												setDefaultOptInCookie();
1264											} else {
1265												// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1266												setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1267											}
1268										} else {
1269											// CCPA does not apply.
1270											setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
1271										}
1272									} else {
1273										// Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe.
1274										setCcpaAppliesCookie( true );
1275										if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1276											// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1277											setDefaultOptInCookie();
1278										} else {
1279											// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1280											setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1281										}
1282									}
1283								}
1284							};
1285
1286							// Send the geo request.
1287							request.send();
1288						} else {
1289							// We found a CCPA applies cookie.
1290							if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) {
1291								if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1292									// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1293									setDefaultOptInCookie();
1294								} else {
1295									// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1296									setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1297								}
1298							} else {
1299								// CCPA does not apply.
1300								setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
1301							}
1302						}
1303					} );
1304				};
1305
1306				// Kickoff initialization.
1307				if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) {
1308					defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy );
1309				} else {
1310					setupPrivacy();
1311				}
1312
1313			} )();
1314		</script>
1314
1315
1316		<!-- CCPA [end] -->
1317		<div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget">
1318<div
1319	class="hide-on-button ads-active"
1320	data-hide-timeout="30"
1321	data-consent-expiration="180"
1322	id="eu-cookie-law"
1323	style="display: none"
1324>
1325	<form method="post">
1326		<input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" />
1327
1328		Privacy &amp; Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br />
1329To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here:
1330				<a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow">
1331			Cookie Policy		</a>
1332 </form>
1333</div>
1334</div>			<div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"
1335				class="actnbr-pub-twentyten" role="region" aria-label="Site actions">
1336			<span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span>
1337			<ul>
1338										<li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden">
1339										<a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href="" role="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false">
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1345									<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Subscribe to Jonathan Spyer">
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1347								<div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://jonathanspyer.com"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://jonathanspyer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-img_3724.jpg?w=
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1359											Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fjonathanspyer.com%252Fabout%252F">Log in now.</a>										</p>
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1368						<div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://jonathanspyer.com"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://jonathanspyer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/cropped-img_3724.jpg?w=
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