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2<html lang="en">
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4<head>
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6<title>AfricLaw | Advancing the rule and role of law in Africa</title>
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312<div id="wrapper">
313
314	<div class="header">
315		<div id="logo">
316		<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com">AfricLaw</a></h1>
317		<h2>Advancing the rule and role of law in Africa</h2>
318		</div>
319
320		<div id="nav">
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338		<div class="post-4171 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-derara-roba tag-armed-conflicts tag-civilian-abductions tag-constitutional-estrangement tag-endc tag-ethiopian-national-dialogue-commission tag-frustration tag-human-rights-violations tag-human-rights-watch tag-oromo-liberation-army tag-political-willingness tag-tigray-peoples-liberation-front tag-tigray-war" id="post-4171">
339	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/09/03/ethiopia-a-national-dialogue-in-the-shadow-of-war/">Ethiopia: A National Dialogue in the Shadow of&nbsp;War</a></h1>
340	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 3 September, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/derara-roba/" rel="category tag">Derara Roba</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/armed-conflicts/" rel="tag">armed conflicts</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/civilian-abductions/" rel="tag">civilian abductions</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/constitutional-estrangement/" rel="tag">constitutional estrangement</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/endc/" rel="tag">ENDC</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/ethiopian-national-dialogue-commission/" rel="tag">Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/frustration/" rel="tag">frustration</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-violations/" rel="tag">human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-watch/" rel="tag">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/oromo-liberation-army/" rel="tag">Oromo Liberation Army</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/political-willingness/" rel="tag">political willingness</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/tigray-peoples-liberation-front/" rel="tag">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/tigray-war/" rel="tag">Tigray war</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/09/03/ethiopia-a-national-dialogue-in-the-shadow-of-war/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
341	<p><strong><img data-attachment-id="4163" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/derara-roba/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Derara-Roba" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg?w=120" class="wp-image-4163 size-full alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" />Author: Derara Roba<br />
342</strong><em>Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria</em></p>
343<p><strong>1 Introduction </strong></p>
344<p>After a long wait, the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC) launched a national conference in Addis Ababa on 15 July 2026. Aimed at moving towards consensus after years of war, human rights violations and constitutional estrangement, it was framed as a historic move.<a href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1">[1]</a> Yet, the conference is unfolding while the sound of the guns has not been silenced. The paradox of “national” dialogue, which is supposed to be nationally engaging, convened amidst the war and the urge to start war, is what this piece problematises. It attempts to question whether the dialogue is an instrumental means of establishing legitimacy rather than a genuine forum for representation. In this piece, it is underlined that the continuation of the national dialogue, while the guns are not falling silent and there are indications of Ethiopia moving into large-scale war, should not be considered a mere backdrop to the dialogue; rather, it implies a framing of who should be represented.</p>
345<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/09/03/ethiopia-a-national-dialogue-in-the-shadow-of-war/#more-4171" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
346		<hr/>
347</div>
348		
349		<div class="post-4159 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-derara-roba category-keziah-mwashigadi category-noah-yesuf category-rumbidzai-musonza tag-accountability tag-femicide tag-gender-based-violence tag-human-dignity tag-intimate-partner-violence tag-live-free-from-violence tag-national-council-on-gender-based-violence-and-femicide-act-9-of-2024 tag-national-disaster tag-national-strategy-on-the-prevention-of-femicide tag-south-africa tag-womans-rights tag-womens-dignity" id="post-4159">
350	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/">From commitments to concrete action: Ending femicide in South&nbsp;Africa</a></h1>
351	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 20 July, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/derara-roba/" rel="category tag">Derara Roba</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/keziah-mwashigadi/" rel="category tag">Keziah Mwashigadi</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/noah-yesuf/" rel="category tag">Noah Yesuf</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/rumbidzai-musonza/" rel="category tag">Rumbidzai Musonza</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/accountability/" rel="tag">accountability</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/femicide/" rel="tag">femicide</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/gender-based-violence/" rel="tag">gender-based violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-dignity/" rel="tag">human dignity</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/intimate-partner-violence/" rel="tag">intimate partner violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/live-free-from-violence/" rel="tag">live free from violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-council-on-gender-based-violence-and-femicide-act-9-of-2024/" rel="tag">National Council on Gender-Based Violence and Femicide Act 9 of 2024</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-disaster/" rel="tag">national disaster</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-strategy-on-the-prevention-of-femicide/" rel="tag">National Strategy on the Prevention of Femicide</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/south-africa/" rel="tag">South Africa</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/womans-rights/" rel="tag">woman's rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/womens-dignity/" rel="tag">women’s dignity</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
352	<p><strong><em>The Authors are  enrolled in the LL.M in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa (HRDA) at the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria.</em></strong></p>
353<table>
354<tbody>
355<tr>
356<td width="200">
357<p><img data-attachment-id="4161" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/noah-yesuf/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/noah-yesuf.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Noah-Yesuf" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/noah-yesuf.jpg?w=120" class="aligncenter wp-image-4161 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/noah-yesuf.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
358</td>
359<td width="200">
360<p><img data-attachment-id="4162" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/rumbidzai-musonza/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/rumbidzai-musonza.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Rumbidzai-Musonza" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/rumbidzai-musonza.jpg?w=120" class="aligncenter wp-image-4162 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/rumbidzai-musonza.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
361</td>
362<td width="200">
363<p><img data-attachment-id="4163" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/derara-roba/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Derara-Roba" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4163 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/derara-roba.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
364</td>
365<td width="200">
366<p><img data-attachment-id="4164" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/keziah-mwashigadi/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/keziah-mwashigadi.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Keziah-Mwashigadi" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/keziah-mwashigadi.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4164 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/keziah-mwashigadi.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
367</td>
368</tr>
369<tr>
370<td width="200">
371<p><strong>Noah Yesuf</p>
372<p></strong></p>
373</td>
374<td width="200">
375<p><strong>Rumbidzai Musonza</strong></p>
376</td>
377<td width="200">
378<p><strong>Derara Roba</strong></p>
379</td>
380<td width="200">
381<p><strong>Keziah Mwashigadi</strong></p>
382</td>
383</tr>
384</tbody>
385</table>
386<p><strong>Femicide in South Africa: The staggering realities</strong></p>
387<p>Femicide represents the most extreme manifestation of gender-based violence against women and <a href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/briefs/Femicide_Brief_2025.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">girls</a>. The numbers are frightening as reports have repeatedly shown that South Africa has one of the highest femicide rates in the world. Recent records indicate that the rate of intimate partner violence in South Africa is <a href="https://africa.unwomen.org/en/programme-implementation/2025/05/call-for-responsible-parties-to-scale-up-institutional-response-to-violence-against-women-and-girls-vawg-in-south-africa-and-lesotho" target="_blank" rel="noopener">five times</a> higher than the global average, and approximately <a href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-11-21-photo-essay-national-shutdown-protestersrs-demand-action-on-genderbased-violence/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">15 women are killed every day</a>.</p>
388<p>Yet, the response remains sluggish, unable to effectively tackle the pervasive ongoing femicide crisis that poses a daily threat to women’s lives and deprive their constitutional right to live free from violence with dignity, equality, and freedom.</p>
389<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/07/20/from-commitments-to-concrete-action-ending-femicide-in-south-africa/#more-4159" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
390		<hr/>
391</div>
392		
393		<div class="post-4154 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-nqobani-nyathi tag-2008-elections tag-amendment-number-3-bill tag-changing-term-limits tag-constitution-of-zimbabwe tag-constitution-of-zimbabwe-amendment-number-3-bill tag-democracy tag-five-years tag-gender-equality tag-good-governance tag-government-of-national-unity tag-human-rights tag-human-rights-violations tag-rule-of-law tag-transparency tag-violence tag-zanu-pf tag-zimbabwe" id="post-4154">
394	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/19/what-the-constitution-of-zimbabwe-amendment-number-3-bill-means-for-democracy/">What the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 3 Bill means for&nbsp;democracy</a></h1>
395	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 19 June, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/nqobani-nyathi/" rel="category tag">Nqobani Nyathi</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/2008-elections/" rel="tag">2008 elections</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/amendment-number-3-bill/" rel="tag">Amendment Number 3 Bill</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/changing-term-limits/" rel="tag">changing term limits</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/constitution-of-zimbabwe/" rel="tag">Constitution of Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/constitution-of-zimbabwe-amendment-number-3-bill/" rel="tag">Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 3 Bill</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/democracy/" rel="tag">democracy</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/five-years/" rel="tag">five years</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/gender-equality/" rel="tag">gender equality</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/good-governance/" rel="tag">good governance</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/government-of-national-unity/" rel="tag">Government of National Unity</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">human rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-violations/" rel="tag">human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/rule-of-law/" rel="tag">rule of law</a>
395, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/transparency/" rel="tag">transparency</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/zanu-pf/" rel="tag">ZANU-PF</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/zimbabwe/" rel="tag">Zimbabwe</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/19/what-the-constitution-of-zimbabwe-amendment-number-3-bill-means-for-democracy/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
396	<p><strong><img data-attachment-id="2327" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2021/08/26/child-marriages-in-zimbabwe-and-the-failure-by-the-state-to-fulfil-its-obligations-to-protect-the-rights-of-children/nqobani-nyathi/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/nqobani-nyathi.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Nqobani-Nyathi" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/nqobani-nyathi.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-2327 alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/nqobani-nyathi.jpg?w=590" alt="Nqobani-Nyathi"   />Author: Nqobani Nyathi</strong><em><br />Lawyer</em></p>
397<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>
398<p>In 2013, Zimbabweans voted overwhelmingly for a new Constitution. Drafted during the Government of National Unity after the violence and massive  human rights violations that followed the <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/zimbabwe-political-violence-surges-after-mugabe-assumes-presidency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008 elections</a>, it marked a national attempt to <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/05/new-zimbabwe-constitution-can-usher-new-culture-human-rights/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">break</a> from the past.</p>
399<p>The Constitution of Zimbabwe is anchored in clear values. These include the rule of law, human rights, gender equality, transparency and good governance. Above all, it affirms that authority to govern derives from the people of Zimbabwe. For the third time, that founding vision is under threat.</p>
400<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/19/what-the-constitution-of-zimbabwe-amendment-number-3-bill-means-for-democracy/#more-4154" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
401		<hr/>
402</div>
403		
404		<div class="post-4139 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-harry-mwesigwa category-maram-mahdi category-sohna-jawara tag-2025-global-report-on-food-crises tag-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-african-regional-human-rights-system tag-armed-groups tag-basic-food-needs tag-basic-rights-to-dignity tag-conflict tag-crop-fields tag-destruction-of-crops tag-ethiopia tag-farms tag-food-security tag-food-stocks tag-human-rights tag-humanitarian-issue tag-hunger tag-irrigation-systems tag-legal-problem tag-nigeria tag-regional-instruments tag-south-sudan tag-starvation tag-sudan tag-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo tag-weapon-of-war" id="post-4139">
405	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/">Starving in Silence: The Case for an African Commission Resolution on Conflict-Induced Starvation in&nbsp;Africa</a></h1>
406	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 10 June, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/harry-mwesigwa/" rel="category tag">Harry Mwesigwa</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/maram-mahdi/" rel="category tag">Maram Mahdi</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/sohna-jawara/" rel="category tag">Sohna Jawara</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/2025-global-report-on-food-crises/" rel="tag">2025 Global Report on Food Crises</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/" rel="tag">African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-regional-human-rights-system/" rel="tag">
406African regional human rights system</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/armed-groups/" rel="tag">armed groups</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/basic-food-needs/" rel="tag">basic food needs</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/basic-rights-to-dignity/" rel="tag">basic rights to dignity</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/conflict/" rel="tag">conflict</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/crop-fields/" rel="tag">crop fields</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/destruction-of-crops/" rel="tag">destruction of crops</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/ethiopia/" rel="tag">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/farms/" rel="tag">farms</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/food-security/" rel="tag">food security</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/food-stocks/" rel="tag">food stocks</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">human rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/humanitarian-issue/" rel="tag">humanitarian issue</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/hunger/" rel="tag">hunger</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/irrigation-systems/" rel="tag">irrigation systems</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/legal-problem/" rel="tag">legal problem</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/nigeria/" rel="tag">Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/regional-instruments/" rel="tag">regional instruments</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/south-sudan/" rel="tag">South Sudan</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/starvation/" rel="tag">Starvation</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/" rel="tag">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/weapon-of-war/" rel="tag">weapon of war</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
407	<p><strong>An advocacy piece</strong></p>
408<table>
409<tbody>
410<tr>
411<td width="200">
412<p><img data-attachment-id="4141" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/maram-mahdi/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maram-mahdi.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Maram-Mahdi" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maram-mahdi.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4141 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maram-mahdi.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
413</td>
414<td width="200">
415<p><img data-attachment-id="4142" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/harry-mwesigwa/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/harry-mwesigwa.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Harry-Mwesigwa" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/harry-mwesigwa.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4142 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/harry-mwesigwa.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
416</td>
417<td width="200">
418<p><img data-attachment-id="4143" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/sohna-jawara/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/sohna-jawara.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Sohna-Jawara" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/sohna-jawara.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-4143 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/sohna-jawara.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></p>
419</td>
420<td width="200">
421<p>&nbsp;</p>
422</td>
423</tr>
424<tr>
425<td width="200">
426<p><strong>Maram Mahdi </strong></p>
427</td>
428<td width="200">
429<p><strong>Harry Mwesigwa</strong></p>
430</td>
431<td width="200">
432<p><strong>Sohna Jawara</strong></p>
433</td>
434<td width="200">
435<p>&nbsp;</p>
436</td>
437</tr>
438</tbody>
439</table>
440<p><strong>1  Introduction</strong></p>
441<p>Starvation is no longer reducible to drought, market failure or developmental lag in Africa. In conflict settings, hunger has been engineered as a weapon of war. Civilians are <a href="https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/102770/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">deprived</a> of the means of survival not by accident but by design, through siege, the obstruction of relief convoys, the deliberate destruction of crops, and the targeting of marketplaces. The implications are stark, violating the most basic rights to dignity, health and life. In 2025, approximately 147 million people globally experienced acute food <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/24/global-hunger-report-warns-of-rising-malnutrition-and-famine-risks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">insecurity</a> as a result of conflict.</p>
442<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/10/starving-in-silence-the-case-for-an-african-commission-resolution-on-conflict-induced-starvation-in-africa/#more-4139" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
443		<hr/>
444</div>
445		
446		<div class="post-4132 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-rethabile-mosese tag-accountability tag-actionsa tag-criminal-justice-system tag-disaster-management-act tag-domestic-violence-act tag-femicide tag-gbvf tag-gender-based-violence tag-legal-advocacy-organisations tag-national-disaster tag-national-disaster-management-centre tag-national-prosecuting-authority tag-national-shelter-movement-of-south-africa tag-political-decision tag-public-finance-management-act tag-rape-crisis-cape-town-trust tag-sexual-offences tag-sexual-offences-act tag-victims-of-crime-survey tag-women-for-change" id="post-4132">
447	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/08/between-coordination-and-enforcement-what-the-gbvf-disaster-declaration-actually-delivers/">Between coordination and enforcement: What the GBVF disaster declaration actually&nbsp;delivers</a></h1>
448	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 8 June, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/rethabile-mosese/" rel="category tag">Rethabile Mosese</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/accountability/" rel="tag">accountability</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/actionsa/" rel="tag">ActionSA</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/criminal-justice-system/" rel="tag">criminal justice system</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/disaster-management-act/" rel="tag">Disaster Management Act</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/domestic-violence-act/" rel="tag">Domestic Violence Act</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/femicide/" rel="tag">femicide</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/gbvf/" rel="tag">GBVF</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/gender-based-violence/" rel="tag">gender-based violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/legal-advocacy-organisations/" rel="tag">legal advocacy organisations</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-disaster/" rel="tag">national disaster</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-disaster-management-centre/" rel="tag">National Disaster Management Centre</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-prosecuting-authority/" rel="tag">National Prosecuting Authority</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-shelter-movement-of-south-africa/" rel="tag">National Shelter Movement of South Africa</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/political-decision/" rel="tag">political decision</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/public-finance-management-act/" rel="tag">Public Finance Management Act</a>
448, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/rape-crisis-cape-town-trust/" rel="tag">Rape Crisis Cape Town Trust</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sexual-offences/" rel="tag">sexual offences</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sexual-offences-act/" rel="tag">Sexual Offences Act</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/victims-of-crime-survey/" rel="tag">Victims of Crime Survey</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/women-for-change/" rel="tag">Women for Change</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/08/between-coordination-and-enforcement-what-the-gbvf-disaster-declaration-actually-delivers/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
449	<p><img data-attachment-id="4133" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/08/between-coordination-and-enforcement-what-the-gbvf-disaster-declaration-actually-delivers/rethabile-mosese/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/rethabile-mosese.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Rethabile-Mosese" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/rethabile-mosese.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4133 size-full alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/rethabile-mosese.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /><strong>Author: </strong><strong>Rethabile Mosese<br /></strong><em>Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria</em></p>
450<p><strong>A political victory, a legal question</strong></p>
451<p>On 21 November 2025, thousands of women lay on the ground for fifteen minutes at the Union Buildings, in shopping centres, on pavements and office floors, honouring the women killed every day in South Africa. I joined them knowing that these numbers are not abstract. Though exact figures fluctuate with reporting cycles, research by the <a href="https://www.samrc.ac.za/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">South African Medical Research Council</a> and Gender and Firearms Studies Africa estimates that around fifteen women are murdered daily. Hours after this collective act of mourning, <a href="https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/minister-velenkosini-hlabisa-welcomes-decision-classify-gender-based-violence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">government declared gender-based violence and femicide a national disaster</a> under the Disaster Management Act. For many, the declaration felt like long-awaited recognition. But the legal instrument government chose matters as much as the declaration itself. Having spent over a decade inside the systems meant to protect survivors, I understand how much turns on that choice.</p>
452<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/06/08/between-coordination-and-enforcement-what-the-gbvf-disaster-declaration-actually-delivers/#more-4132" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
453		<hr/>
454</div>
455		
456		<div class="post-4125 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-mai-aman tag-achpr tag-achprs-draft-declaration tag-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-african-values tag-anti-terror-legislation tag-apartheid tag-authoritarianism tag-civic-space tag-civil-society-actors tag-colonialism tag-community-primacy tag-culture tag-digital-surveillance-frameworks tag-freedom-of-expression tag-guidelines-on-freedom-of-association-and-assembly-in-africa tag-hostile-environments tag-human-rights-defenders tag-lgbtq-defenders tag-moral-health-of-society tag-official-panel-discussion tag-protest-rights tag-public-order-laws tag-respect-for-institutions tag-restrictive-ngo-regulations tag-sovereignty tag-state-security tag-women-human-rights-defenders" id="post-4125">
457	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/05/31/does-the-achpr-really-get-it-human-rights-defenders-african-values-and-the-dangerous-drift-toward-normative-regression/">Does the ACHPR Really Get It?! Human Rights Defenders, African Values, and the Dangerous Drift Toward Normative&nbsp;Regression</a></h1>
458	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 31 May, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/mai-aman/" rel="category tag">Mai Aman</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/achpr/" rel="tag">ACHPR</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/achprs-draft-declaration/" rel="tag">ACHPR’s Draft Declaration</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/" rel="tag">African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-values/" rel="tag">African values</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/anti-terror-legislation/" rel="tag">anti-terror legislation</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/apartheid/" rel="tag">apartheid</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/authoritarianism/" rel="tag">authoritarianism</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/civic-space/" rel="tag">civic space</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/civil-society-actors/" rel="tag">civil society actors</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/colonialism/" rel="tag">colonialism</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/community-primacy/" rel="tag">community primacy</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/culture/" rel="tag">culture</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/digital-surveillance-frameworks/" rel="tag">digital surveillance frameworks</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/freedom-of-expression/" rel="tag">freedom of expression</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/guidelines-on-freedom-of-association-and-assembly-in-africa/" rel="tag">Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly in Africa</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/hostile-environments/" rel="tag">hostile environments</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-defenders/" rel="tag">human rights defenders</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/lgbtq-defenders/" rel="tag">LGBTQ defenders</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/moral-health-of-society/" rel="tag">moral health of society</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/official-panel-discussion/" rel="tag">official panel discussion</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/protest-rights/" rel="tag">protest rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/public-order-laws/" rel="tag">public-order laws</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/respect-for-institutions/" rel="tag">respect for institutions</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/restrictive-ngo-regulations/" rel="tag">restrictive NGO regulations</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sovereignty/" rel="tag">Sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/state-security/" rel="tag">state security</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/women-human-rights-defenders/" rel="tag">women human rights defenders</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/05/31/does-the-achpr-really-get-it-human-rights-defenders-african-values-and-the-dangerous-drift-toward-normative-regression/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
459	<p><img data-attachment-id="4127" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/05/31/does-the-achpr-really-get-it-human-rights-defenders-african-values-and-the-dangerous-drift-toward-normative-regression/mai-aman/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/mai-aman.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Mai-Aman" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/mai-aman.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4127 size-full alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/mai-aman.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /><strong>Author: Mai Aman</strong><em><br />Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria</em></p>
460<p>Civil society organisations (CSOs) participating at the 87th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR/ the Commission), held in Banjul, the Gambia from 12 to 20 May 2026, were alarmed when discussions began emerging around a <a href="https://achpr.au.int/sites/default/files/files/2026-04/draft-dhrdrev-march-2026eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Draft Declaration</a> on the Promotion of the Role of Human And Peoples’ Rights Defenders And their Protection In Africa. For many CSOs working directly on civic 
460space, freedom of expression, protest rights and defender protection across the continent, this was the first time they had become aware that such a process was already underway within the Commission.</p>
461<p>The concern was not simply procedural, although the limited consultation surrounding a Declaration of such potential normative significance immediately raised questions. Rather, alarm quickly grew once civil society actors were able to review the text itself. As the Draft Declaration began circulating during the session, organisations realised that, in its current form, the Declaration risked doing the exact opposite of what a Declaration on human rights defenders should do; instead of strengthening protections for defenders operating in increasingly hostile environments, the Draft Declaration appeared capable of legitimising the very frameworks already being used to repress them.</p>
462<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/05/31/does-the-achpr-really-get-it-human-rights-defenders-african-values-and-the-dangerous-drift-toward-normative-regression/#more-4125" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
463		<hr/>
464</div>
465		
466		<div class="post-4117 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-razan-e-h-ali tag-accountability tag-armed-conflicts tag-arms-supply-problem tag-drone-strikes tag-drone-technology tag-geneva-conventions tag-international-committee-of-the-red-cross tag-international-human-rights-law tag-international-legal-community tag-legal-architecture tag-rapid-support-forces tag-sudan tag-sudanese-armed-forces tag-sudanese-domestic-law tag-summary-executions tag-transparency-failures" id="post-4117">
467	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/04/13/lethal-skies-absent-law-drone-warfare-in-sudan-and-the-limits-of-international-humanitarian-law/">Lethal Skies, Absent Law: Drone Warfare in Sudan and the Limits of International Humanitarian&nbsp;Law</a></h1>
468	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 13 April, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/razan-e-h-ali/" rel="category tag">Razan E H Ali</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/accountability/" rel="tag">accountability</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/armed-conflicts/" rel="tag">armed conflicts</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/arms-supply-problem/" rel="tag">Arms Supply Problem</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/drone-strikes/" rel="tag">drone strikes</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/drone-technology/" rel="tag">drone technology</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/geneva-conventions/" rel="tag">Geneva Conventions</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/international-committee-of-the-red-cross/" rel="tag">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/international-human-rights-law/" rel="tag">international human rights law</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/international-legal-community/" rel="tag">international legal community</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/legal-architecture/" rel="tag">legal architecture</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/rapid-support-forces/" rel="tag">Rapid Support Forces</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sudanese-armed-forces/" rel="tag">Sudanese Armed Forces</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sudanese-domestic-law/" rel="tag">Sudanese domestic law</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/summary-executions/" rel="tag">summary executions</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/transparency-failures/" rel="tag">transparency failures</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/04/13/lethal-skies-absent-law-drone-warfare-in-sudan-and-the-limits-of-international-humanitarian-law/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
469	<p><img data-attachment-id="3895" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2025/02/21/the-violation-of-fair-trial-rights-analysing-summary-executions-of-the-alleged-rsf-collaborators-by-the-sudanese-armed-forces/razan-ali/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/razan-ali.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Razan-Ali" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/razan-ali.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-3895 alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/razan-ali.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" />Author: Razan Ali <em><br />Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria</em></p>
470<p><strong>1 Introduction</strong></p>
471<p>The proliferation of drone technology into an ever-growing number of armed conflicts has generated deep unease <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-021-00333-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">within the international legal community</a>. As the <a href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8C
471D3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2020_366.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations Secretary-General observed in 2020</a>, this proliferation &#8216;reinforces long-standing concerns over compliance with international humanitarian and international human rights law, accountability and transparency&#8217;. Nowhere is this concern more acutely illustrated than in Sudan.</p>
472<p>Since the outbreak of armed conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023, <a href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2020_366.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UAVs have emerged as a defining feature of the battlefield.</a> Between 1 January and 15 March 2026 alone, <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2026/03/sudan-sharp-increase-civilian-deaths-result-growing-drone-warfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener">over 500 civilians</a> were killed in drone strikes, with more than 277 fatalities recorded in the first two weeks of March. Just a few days ago, a drone strike tragically hit the town of Kutum in North Darfur, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/sudan-war-rapid-support-forces-army-fight-north-darfur-8f166bba57b0692e136aa6d40c6e0a04" target="_blank" rel="noopener">killing 30 people</a> at a wedding ceremony. Earlier, on March 20, 2025, during the first day of Eid al-Fitr, coordinated air and drone strikes targeted <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr715xynkvvo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">El Daein Teaching Hospital in East Darfur</a>, resulting in at least 64 deaths, including 13 children, and causing the hospital&#8217;s emergency, maternity, and pediatric units to become <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2026/03/sudan-sharp-increase-civilian-deaths-result-growing-drone-warfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener">entirely non-operational.</a></p>
473<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/04/13/lethal-skies-absent-law-drone-warfare-in-sudan-and-the-limits-of-international-humanitarian-law/#more-4117" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
474		<hr/>
475</div>
476		
477		<div class="post-4108 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-hlengiwe-dube tag-african-charter tag-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-digital-identity-systems tag-digital-payment-ecosystems tag-digital-public-infrastructure tag-dpi tag-human-rights tag-human-rights-impact-assessments tag-interoperable-service-platforms tag-m-pesa tag-malabo-convention tag-mass-surveillance tag-national-identity-systems tag-public-services tag-state-reporting tag-vulnerable-populations" id="post-4108">
478	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/23/safeguarding-human-rights-in-africas-digital-transformation-the-role-of-the-achpr-in-dpi-governance/">Safeguarding Human Rights in Africa’s Digital Transformation: The Role of the ACHPR in DPI&nbsp;Governance</a></h1>
479	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 23 March, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/hlengiwe-dube/" rel="category tag">Hlengiwe Dube</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-charter/" rel="tag">African Charter</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights/" rel="tag">African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/digital-identity-systems/" rel="tag">digital identity systems</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/digital-payment-ecosystems/" rel="tag">digital payment ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/digital-public-infrastructure/" rel="tag">Digital Public Infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/dpi/" rel="tag">DPI</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">human rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-impact-assessments/" rel="tag">Human Rights Impact Assessments</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/interoperable-service-platforms/" rel="tag">interoperable service platforms</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/m-pesa/" rel="tag">M-Pesa</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/malabo-convention/" rel="tag">Malabo Convention</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/mass-surveillance/" rel="tag">mass surveillance</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-identity-systems/" rel="tag">national identity systems</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/public-services/" rel="tag">public services</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/state-reporting/" rel="tag">state reporting</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/vulnerable-populations/" rel="tag">vulnerable populations</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/23/safeguarding-human-rights-in-africas-digital-transformation-the-role-of-the-achpr-in-dpi-governance/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
480	<p><strong><img data-attachment-id="1690" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2020/04/10/covid-19-and-the-access-to-information-conundrum-in-africa/hlengiwe-dube/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/hlengiwe-dube.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Hlengiwe-Dube" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/hlengiwe-dube.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-1690 size-full alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/hlengiwe-dube.jpg?w=590" alt=""   />Author: Hlengiwe Dube<br /></strong><em>Senior digital rights and policy expert </em></p>
481<p>Across Africa, governments are digitising public services. From national identity systems to interoperable service platforms and digital payment ecosystems, these initiatives promise greater eff
481iciency, financial inclusion, and citizen engagement. However, while <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/digital-public-infrastructure-for-digital-governments_ff525dc8-en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">digital public infrastructure</a> (DPI) offers remarkable opportunities, it also brings unprecedented risks. Poorly governed digital systems can exclude vulnerable populations, enable mass surveillance, and concentrate power in ways that undermine democratic participation.</p>
482<p>In this evolving digital landscape, the <a href="https://achpr.au.int/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights </a>(ACHPR) has a significant role to play. As the continental body mandated to promote and protect human rights, in terms of the <a href="https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36390-treaty-0011_-_african_charter_on_human_and_peoples_rights_e.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, the ACHPR can provide guidance, oversight, and accountability in the deployment of DPI. Civil society organisations (CSOs) across Africa, meanwhile, are uniquely positioned to act as intermediaries between citizens and the state, leveraging ACHPR frameworks to ensure digital governance aligns with human rights standards.</p>
483<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/23/safeguarding-human-rights-in-africas-digital-transformation-the-role-of-the-achpr-in-dpi-governance/#more-4108" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
484		<hr/>
485</div>
486		
487		<div class="post-4102 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-lakshita-kanhiya category-michael-gyan-nyarko tag-african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights-2 tag-african-committee-of-experts-on-the-rights-and-welfare-of-the-child tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-african-values tag-anti-rights-actors tag-anti-rights-backlash tag-challenges tag-constitutionalism tag-culture tag-family tag-human-rights-law tag-morality tag-national-sovereignty tag-regional-norm-setting tag-religion tag-religious-fundamentalism tag-shrinking-civic-space tag-strategic-litigation tag-the-human-rights-mechanisms tag-transnational-funding" id="post-4102">
488	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/16/are-we-really-on-the-same-page-understanding-the-distortion-of-human-rights-law-in-africa-by-anti-rights-actors/">Are we really on the same page? Understanding the distortion of human rights law in Africa by anti-rights&nbsp;actors</a></h1>
489	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 16 March, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/lakshita-kanhiya/" rel="category tag">Lakshita Kanhiya</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/michael-gyan-nyarko/" rel="category tag">Michael Gyan Nyarko</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights-2/" rel="tag">African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-committee-of-experts-on-the-rights-and-welfare-of-the-child/" rel="tag">African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights/" rel="tag">African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/african-values/" rel="tag">African values</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/anti-rights-actors/" rel="tag">anti-rights actors</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/anti-rights-backlash/" rel="tag">anti-rights backlash</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/challenges/" rel="tag">challenges</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/constitutionalism/" rel="tag">constitutionalism</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/culture/" rel="tag">culture</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/family/" rel="tag">family</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/human-rights-law/" rel="tag">human rights law</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/morality/" rel="tag">morality</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/national-sovereignty/" rel="tag">national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/regional-norm-setting/" rel="tag">regional norm-setting</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/religion/" rel="tag">religion</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/religious-fundamentalism/" rel="tag">religious fundamentalism</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/shrinking-civic-space/" rel="tag">shrinking civic space</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/strategic-litigation/" rel="tag">strategic litigation</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/the-human-rights-mechanisms/" rel="tag">the human rights mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/transnational-funding/" rel="tag">transnational funding</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/16/are-we-really-on-the-same-page-understanding-the-distortion-of-human-rights-law-in-africa-by-anti-rights-actors/#comments">2 Comments</a></span></small>
490	<table>
491<tbody>
492<tr>
493<td><img data-attachment-id="3084" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2023/11/21/lives-at-stake-religion-death-penalty-and-the-rights-of-sexual-and-gender-minorities-in-africa/lakshita-kanhiya/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/lakshita-kanhiya.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Lakshita-Kanhiya" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/lakshita-kanhiya.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-3084 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/lakshita-kanhiya.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></td>
494<td><strong>Author: Lakshita Kanhiya<br />
495</strong><em>Legal Officer, Initiative for Strategic Litigation (ISLA) in Africa</em></td>
496</tr>
497<tr>
498<td><img data-attachment-id="3926" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2025/03/26/year-of-justice-for-africans-and-people-of-african-descent-through-reparations-can-mauritius-lead-by-example-or-remain-a-spectator/michael-gyan-nyarko/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/michael-gyan-nyarko.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Michael-Gyan-Nyarko" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/michael-gyan-nyarko.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-3926 size-full" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/michael-gyan-nyarko.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></td>
499<td><strong>Author: Michael Gyan Nyarko<br />
500</strong><em>Deputy Executive Director, Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) </em></td>
501</tr>
502</tbody>
503</table>
504<p><strong>Too much ‘progress’ too soon? </strong></p>
505<p>For the past two and half decades, <a href="https://academic.oup.com/book/2219/chapter-abstract/142290811?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Africa’s human rights architecture</a> has steadily expanded normatively, institutionally, and jurisprudentially. From the humble beginnings of <
505a href="https://au.int/en/treaties/african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a> and ‘baby’ steps of its monitoring body the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in the 1990s, the turn of the new millennium saw an increase in the number of norms as well as institutions mandated by the African Union to promote and protect human rights, including the establishment and operationalisation of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Even with all the institutional, political and other challenges that regional these institutions have faced, they have contributed to relatively progressive human rights landscape, influencing progressive decisions of national courts and regional bodies, and contributed to embedding the language of dignity, equality, and freedom in legal and political discourse across the continent. Constitutionalism, regional norm-setting, and strategic litigation have strengthened the visibility and legitimacy of human rights principles in both legal and public arenas.</p>
506<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/16/are-we-really-on-the-same-page-understanding-the-distortion-of-human-rights-law-in-africa-by-anti-rights-actors/#more-4102" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
507		<hr/>
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509		
510		<div class="post-4097 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-selamawit-tsegaye-lulseged tag-accountability-gap tag-au-cevawg tag-conflict-related-sexual-violence tag-crsv tag-customary-international-law tag-enforced-sterilisation tag-forced-abortion tag-forced-marriage tag-forced-pregnancy tag-forced-prostitution tag-humanitarian-law tag-international-human-rights tag-legal-standards tag-rape tag-regional-human-rights-mechanisms tag-sexual-and-gender-based-violence tag-sexual-slavery tag-sgbv tag-systemic-failures tag-united-nations-security-council-unsc" id="post-4097">
511	<h1><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/03/conflict-related-sexual-violence-and-the-accountability-gap-in-africas-regional-human-rights-architecture/">Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Accountability Gap in Africa&#8217;s Regional Human Rights&nbsp;Architecture</a></h1>
512	<small class="post-meta"><span class="post-date"><b>Posted:</b> 3 March, 2026</span> <span class="author-link">| <b>Author:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/author/africlaw/" rel="author">AfricLaw</a></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="cat-links"><b>Filed under:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/selamawit-tsegaye-lulseged/" rel="category tag">Selamawit Tsegaye Lulseged</a></span> <span class="tag-links"> | <b>Tags:</b> <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/accountability-gap/" rel="tag">accountability gap</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/au-cevawg/" rel="tag">AU-CEVAWG</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/conflict-related-sexual-violence/" rel="tag">conflict-related sexual violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/crsv/" rel="tag">CRSV</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/customary-international-law/" rel="tag">customary international law</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/enforced-sterilisation/" rel="tag">enforced sterilisation</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/forced-abortion/" rel="tag">forced abortion</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/forced-marriage/" rel="tag">forced marriage</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/forced-pregnancy/" rel="tag">forced pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/forced-prostitution/" rel="tag">forced prostitution</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/humanitarian-law/" rel="tag">humanitarian law</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/international-human-rights/" rel="tag">international human rights</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/legal-standards/" rel="tag">legal standards</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/rape/" rel="tag">rape</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/regional-human-rights-mechanisms/" rel="tag">regional human rights mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sexual-and-gender-based-violence/" rel="tag">Sexual and Gender Based violence</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sexual-slavery/" rel="tag">sexual slavery</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/sgbv/" rel="tag">sgbv</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/systemic-failures/" rel="tag">systemic failures</a>, <a href="https://africlaw.com/tag/united-nations-security-council-unsc/" rel="tag">United Nations Security Council (UNSC)</a></span> <span class="edit-link"></span> <span class="meta-sep">|</span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/03/conflict-related-sexual-violence-and-the-accountability-gap-in-africas-regional-human-rights-architecture/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span></small>
513	<p><em><strong><img data-attachment-id="4098" data-permalink="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/03/conflict-related-sexual-violence-and-the-accountability-gap-in-africas-regional-human-rights-architecture/selamawit-t-lulseged/" data-orig-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/selamawit-t-lulseged.jpg" data-orig-size="120,120" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Selamawit-T-Lulseged" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/selamawit-t-lulseged.jpg?w=120" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4098 size-full alignleft" src="https://africlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/selamawit-t-lulseged.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="120" /></strong></em><strong>Author: Selamawit Tsegaye Lulseged<br /></strong><em>International Human Rights Professional </em></p>
514<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>
515<p>Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CRSV) remains one of the most serious yet under reported and prosecuted violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. The term “<a href="https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/terminology/">Conflict-Related Sexual Violence</a>&#8221; refers to rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced sterilisation, forced marriage, and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity perpetrated against women, men, girls, or boys that is directly or indirectly linked to a conflict.  As one form of Sexual and Gender Based violence, (SGBV), CRSV is both a manifestation and a tool of gendered power imbalances. It&#8217;s frequently employed as a weapon during conflict/violence to assert control over populations, enforce ethnic cleansing, or punish perceived adversaries, with women and girls disproportionately impacted. It further constitutes grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and can amount to a war crime, crime against humanity, or constituent element of genocide under international criminal law. The prohibition of rape and other forms of sexual violence during conflict is not only widely accepted as part of  <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v1/rule93">Customary International Law</a>, but it’s also considered a <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-torture/rape-and-other-sexual-violence-forms-torture"><em>jus cogens</em></a> norm &#8211; a peremptory norm from which no derogation is permitted <a href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2017_00364.PDF">(ICC, <em>Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda</em>, 26 Jan 2017, para. 3). </a> </p>
516<p> <a href="https://africlaw.com/2026/03/03/conflict-related-sexual-violence-and-the-accountability-gap-in-africas-regional-human-rights-architecture/#more-4097" class="more-link">Read the rest of this entry &raquo;</a></p>
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552Ayodeji Johnson</a></li>
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663<li id="menu-item-2059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2059"><a href="https://africlaw.com/category/contributors/lidya-stamper/">Lidya Stamper</a></li>
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668Marek Jan Wasinski</a></li>
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684waz/">Mohammad Shahnewaz</a></li>
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915<li><a href="http://www.chr.up.ac.za" title="The Centre for Human Rights, based at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, is both an academic department and a non-governmental organisation.">Centre for Human Rights</a></li>
916<li><a href="http://www.up.ac.za/law" title=" The Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria ranks amongst the top law faculties in South Africa and is one of the most sought-after law faculties in the country by students and prospective employers.">Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria</a></li>
917<li><a href="http://www.icla.up.ac.za" title="The Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa aims to make a contribution to the role and rule of law in Africa through advanced research.">Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa (ICLA)</a></li>
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1210						<div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://africlaw.com"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">AfricLaw</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/feeds/2327139"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">View site in Reader</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Manage subscriptions</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Sign up</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fafriclaw.com%252F2026%252F09%252F03%252Fethiopia-a-national-dialogue-in-the-shadow-of-war
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