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3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Spice.ai OSS Documentation</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: Latest (v2.3)</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><div class=row><div class="col col--12 markdown"><header><h1>Spice.ai Open Source</h1></header>
5<p><strong>Spice</strong> is a SQL query, search, and LLM-inference engine, written in Rust, for data-driven applications and AI agents.</p>
6<p><img decoding=async loading=lazy alt="Spice.ai Open Source Data Query &amp;amp; AI-Inference Compute Engine" src=/assets/images/spice.ai-compute-engine-new-c9b4c58d2c615acbe2537023202c09c9.png width=1416 height=1000 class=img_ev3q /></p>
7<p>Spice provides four industry-standard APIs in a lightweight, portable runtime (single ~140 MB binary):</p>
8<ol>
9<li class=""><strong>SQL Query & Search APIs</strong>: Supports HTTP, Arrow Flight, Arrow Flight SQL, ODBC, JDBC, ADBC, and <code>vector_search</code> and <code>text_search</code> UDTFs.</li>
10<li class=""><strong>OpenAI-Compatible APIs</strong>: Provides HTTP APIs for OpenAI SDK compatibility, local model serving (CUDA/Metal accelerated), and hosted model gateway.</li>
11<li class=""><strong>Iceberg Catalog REST APIs</strong>: Offers a unified API for Iceberg Catalog.</li>
12<li class=""><strong>MCP HTTP+SSE APIs</strong>: Enables integration with external tools via Model Context Protocol (MCP) using HTTP and Server-Sent Events (SSE).</li>
13</ol>
14<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class=admonitionHeading_Gvgb><span class=admonitionIcon_Rf37><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule=evenodd d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"/></svg></span>Goal 🎯</div><div class=admonitionContent_BuS1><p>Developers can focus on building data apps and AI agents confidently, knowing they are grounded in data.</div></div>
15<p>Spice is primarily used for:</p>
16<ul>
17<li class=""><strong>Data Federation</strong>: SQL query across any database, data warehouse, or data lake. <a href=https://spiceai.org/docs/features/query-federation target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Learn More</a>.</li>
18<li class=""><strong>Data Materialization and Acceleration</strong>: Materialize, accelerate, and cache database queries. <a href=https://materializedview.io/p/building-a-cdn-for-databases-spice-
18ai target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Read the MaterializedView interview - Building a CDN for Databases</a>.</li>
19<li class=""><strong>Enterprise Search</strong>: Keyword, vector, and full-text search with Tantivy-powered BM25 and vector similarity search for structured and unstructured data. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/vectors/s3/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Learn More</a>.</li>
20<li class=""><strong>AI Apps and Agents</strong>: An AI-database powering retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and intelligent agents. <a href=https://spiceai.org/docs/use-cases/rag target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Learn More</a>.</li>
21</ul>
22<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info admonition_xJq3 alert alert--info"><div class=admonitionHeading_Gvgb><span class=admonitionIcon_Rf37><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule=evenodd d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"/></svg></span>Watch 🎥</div><div class=admonitionContent_BuS1><ul>
23<li class=""><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyM-ec1lKfU" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">CMU Databases - Accelerating Data and AI with Spice.ai Open-Source</a></li>
24<li class=""><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFAu4qxjTPk&list=PLesJrUXEx3U-dQul0PqLV3TGTdUmr3B6e&index=8" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Query Data using Spice, OpenAI, and MCP</a></li>
25<li class=""><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPbqPf5W36g" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Search with Amazon S3 Vectors</a></li>
26</ul></div></div>
27<p>Spice is built on industry-leading technologies including <a href=https://datafusion.apache.org target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Apache DataFusion</a>, Apache Arrow, Arrow Flight, SQLite, and DuckDB. If you want to build with DataFusion or DuckDB, Spice provides a simple, flexible, and production-ready engine.</p>
28<div style=display:flex;justify-content:center><img width=600 src=https://github.com/spiceai/spiceai/assets/80174/7d93ae32-d6d8-437b-88d3-d64fe089e4b7 alt="How Spice works"/></div>
29<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-info admonition_xJq3 alert alert--info"><div class=admonitionHeading_Gvgb><span class=admonitionIcon_Rf37><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule=evenodd d="M7 2.3c3.14 0 5.7 2.56 5.7 5.7s-2.56 5.7-5.7 5.7A5.71 5.71 0 0 1 1.3 8c0-3.14 2.56-5.7 5.7-5.7zM7 1C3.14 1 0 4.14 0 8s3.14 7 7 7 7-3.14 7-7-3.14-7-7-7zm1 3H6v5h2V4zm0 6H6v2h2v-2z"/></svg></span>Announcement 📣</div><div class=admonitionContent_BuS1><p>Read the <a href=https://spice.ai/blog/announcing-1.0-stable target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Spice.ai 1.0-stable announcement</a>.</div></div>
30<h2 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=why-spice>Why Spice?<a href=#why-spice class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Why Spice?" title="Direct link to Why Spice?" translate=no>​</a></h2>
31<p>Spice simplifies building data-driven AI applications and agents by combining SQL query, search, and LLM inference in a single runtime. Instead of stitching together separate databases, caching layers, and AI services, developers deploy Spice alongside their applications to:</p>
32<ul>
33<li class=""><strong>Query any data source with SQL</strong>: Join data across PostgreSQL, Snowflake, S3, and other sources without building ETL pipelines.</li>
34<li class=""><strong>Accelerate queries locally</strong>: Materialize datasets in-memory or on disk for sub-second query performance, with automatic refresh from source.</li>
35<li class=""><strong>Ground AI in real data</strong>: Connect LLMs to datasets through built-in tools so AI responses are based on actual data, not hallucinations.</li>
36<li class=""><strong>Search across data</strong>: Run vector, keyword, and hybrid search through SQL functions like <code>vector_search()</code> and <code>text_search()</code>.</li>
37</ul>
38<div style=display:flex;justify-content:center><img width=800 src=https://github.com/spiceai/spiceai/assets/80174/29e4421d-8942-4f2a-8397-e9d4fdeda36b alt=Spice.ai /></div>
39<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=how-is-spice-different>
39How is Spice different?<a href=#how-is-spice-different class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to How is Spice different?" title="Direct link to How is Spice different?" translate=no>​</a></h3>
40<ol>
41<li class=""><strong>AI-Native Runtime</strong>: Combines data query and AI inference in a single engine for data-grounded, accurate AI.</li>
42<li class=""><strong>Application-Focused</strong>: Designed for distributed deployment at the application or agent level, often as a 1:1 or 1<!-- -->:N<!-- --> mapping, unlike centralized databases serving multiple apps. Multiple Spice instances can be deployed, even one per tenant or customer.</li>
43<li class=""><strong>Dual-Engine Acceleration</strong>: Supports <strong>OLAP</strong> (Arrow/DuckDB) and <strong>OLTP</strong> (SQLite/PostgreSQL) engines at the dataset level for flexible performance across analytical and transactional workloads.</li>
44<li class=""><strong>Disaggregated Storage</strong>: Separates compute from storage, co-locating materialized working datasets with applications, dashboards, or ML pipelines while accessing source data in its original storage.</li>
45<li class=""><strong>Edge to Cloud Native</strong>: Deploy as a standalone instance, Kubernetes sidecar, microservice, or cluster across edge, on-prem, and public clouds. Chain multiple Spice instances for tier-optimized, distributed deployments.</li>
46</ol>
47<p>For detailed comparisons with other data query engines and AI frameworks, see <a class="" href=/docs/comparison>How Spice Compares</a>.</p>
48<h2 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=example-use-cases>Example Use-Cases<a href=#example-use-cases class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Example Use-Cases" title="Direct link to Example Use-Cases" translate=no>​</a></h2>
49<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=data-grounded-agentic-ai-applications>Data-Grounded Agentic AI Applications<a href=#data-grounded-agentic-ai-applications class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Data-Grounded Agentic AI Applications" title="Direct link to Data-Grounded Agentic AI Applications" translate=no>​</a></h3>
50<ul>
51<li class=""><strong>OpenAI-Compatible API</strong>: Connect to hosted models (OpenAI, Anthropic, xAI) or deploy locally (Llama, NVIDIA NIM). <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/openai_sdk/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">AI Gateway Recipe</a></li>
52<li class=""><strong>Federated Data Access</strong>: Query using SQL and NSQL (text-to-SQL) across databases, data warehouses, and data lakes with advanced query push-down. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/federation/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Federated SQL Query Recipe</a></li>
53<li class=""><strong>Search and RAG</strong>: Perform keyword, vector, and full-text search with Tantivy-powered BM25 and vector similarity search (VSS) integrated into SQL queries using <code>vector_search</code> and <code>text_search</code>. Supports multi-column vector search with reciprocal rank fusion. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/vectors/s3/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Amazon S3 Vectors Recipe</a></li>
54<li class=""><strong>LLM Memory and Observability</strong>: Store and retrieve history and context for AI agents with visibility into data flows, model performance, and traces. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/llm-memory/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">LLM Memory Recipe</a> | <a href=https://spiceai.org/docs/features/observability target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Observability Documentation</a></li>
55</ul>
56<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=database-cdn-and-query-mesh>Database CDN and Query Mesh<a href=#database-cdn-and-query-mesh class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Database CDN and Query Mesh" title="Direct link to Database CDN and Query Mesh" translate=no>​</a></h3>
57<ul>
58<li class=""><strong>Data Acceleration</strong>: Co-locate materialized datasets in Arrow, SQLite, or DuckDB for sub-second queries. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/duckdb/accelerator/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">DuckDB Data Accelerator Recipe</a></li>
59<li class=""><strong>Resiliency and Local Dataset Replication</strong>: Maintain availability with local replicas of critical datasets. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/localpod/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Local Dataset Replication Recipe</a></li>
60<li class=""><strong>Responsive Dashboards</strong>: Enable fast, real-time analytics for frontends and BI tools. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/sales-bi/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Sales BI Dashboard Demo</a></li>
61<li class=""><strong>Simplified Legacy Migration</strong>
61: Unify legacy systems with modern infrastructure via federated SQL querying. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/federation/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Federated SQL Query Recipe</a></li>
62</ul>
63<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=retrieval-augmented-generation-rag>Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)<a href=#retrieval-augmented-generation-rag class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)" title="Direct link to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)" translate=no>​</a></h3>
64<ul>
65<li class=""><strong>Unified Search with Vector Similarity</strong>: Perform efficient vector similarity search across structured and unstructured data, with native support for Amazon S3 Vectors for petabyte-scale storage and querying. Supports distance metrics like cosine similarity, Euclidean distance, or dot product. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/vectors/s3/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Amazon S3 Vectors Recipe</a></li>
66<li class=""><strong>Semantic Knowledge Layer</strong>: Define a semantic context model to enrich data for AI. <a class="" href=/docs/features/semantic-model>Semantic Model Documentation</a></li>
67<li class=""><strong>Text-to-SQL</strong>: Convert natural language queries into SQL using built-in NSQL and sampling tools. <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/cookbook/blob/trunk/text-to-sql/README.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Text-to-SQL Recipe</a></li>
68</ul>
69<h2 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=faq>FAQ<a href=#faq class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to FAQ" title="Direct link to FAQ" translate=no>​</a></h2>
70<ul>
71<li class=""><strong>Is Spice a cache?</strong> No, but its data acceleration acts as an active cache, materialization, or prefetcher. Unlike traditional caches that fetch on miss, Spice prefetches and materializes filtered data on intervals, triggers, or via CDC. It also supports <a href=https://spiceai.org/docs/features/caching target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">results caching</a>.</li>
72<li class=""><strong>Is Spice a CDN for databases?</strong> Yes, Spice enables shipping working datasets to where they're accessed most, like data-intensive applications or AI contexts, similar to a CDN. <a class="" href=/docs/faq>Docs FAQ</a></li>
73</ul>
74<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=watch-a-30-second-bi-dashboard-acceleration-demo>Watch a 30-second BI dashboard acceleration demo<a href=#watch-a-30-second-bi-dashboard-acceleration-demo class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Watch a 30-second BI dashboard acceleration demo" title="Direct link to Watch a 30-second BI dashboard acceleration demo" translate=no>​</a></h3>
75<div style=display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:15px><iframe width=640 height=360 src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/t3B2AyshVY0 frameborder=0 allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
76<p>See more demos on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLesJrUXEx3U9anekJvbjyyTm7r9A26ugK" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">YouTube</a>.</p>
77<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=intelligent-applications-and-agents>Intelligent Applications and Agents<a href=#intelligent-applications-and-agents class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Intelligent Applications and Agents" title="Direct link to Intelligent Applications and Agents" translate=no>​</a></h3>
78<p>Spice enables developers to build data-grounded AI applications and agents by co-locating data and ML models with applications. Read more about the vision for <a class="" href=/docs/use-cases>intelligent AI-driven applications</a>.</p>
79<h3 class="anchor anchorTargetHideOnScrollNavbar_vjPI" id=connect-with-us>Connect with Us<a href=#connect-with-us class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Connect with Us" title="Direct link to Connect with Us" translate=no>​</a></h3>
80<ul>
81<li class="">Build with Spice and share feedback at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d7bfb2ae97a4a7beb4b2f9b6be" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=""><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6c0409152c1f1c050f09420d05">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>, <a href=https://spice.ai/slack target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Slack</a>, <a href=https://twitter.com/spice_ai target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">X</a>, or <a href=https://www.linkedin.com/company/74148478 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">LinkedIn</a>.</li>
82<li class=""><a href=https://github.com/spiceai/spiceai/issues/new target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">File an issue</a> for bugs or issues.</li>
83<li class="">Join our team (<a href=https://spice.ai/careers target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">We're hiring!</a>).</li>
84<li class="">Contribute code or documentation (<a href=https://github.com/spiceai/spiceai/blob/trunk/CONTRIBUTING target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">CONTRIBUTING.md</a>).</li>
85<li class="">⭐️ Star the <a href=https://github.com/spiceai/spiceai target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class="">Spice.ai repo</a> to show support!</li>
86</ul></div></div></div><div class=row><div class="col col--12"><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col noPrint_WFHX"><a href=https://github.com/spiceai/docs/edit/trunk/website/versioned_docs/version-2.3.x/index.mdx target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=theme-edit-this-page><svg fill=currentColor height=20 width=20 viewBox="0 0 40 40" class=iconEdit_Z9Sw aria-hidden=true><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"/></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></div></div></article><div class=row><div class="col col--12"><nav class="docusaurus-mt-lg pagination-nav" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href=/docs/installation><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>Next</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>Installation</div></a></nav></div></div></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href=#why-spice class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Why Spice?</a><ul><li><a href=#how-is-spice-different class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">How is Spice different?</a></ul><li><a href=#example-use-cases class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Example Use-Cases</a><ul><li><a href=#data-grounded-agentic-ai-applications class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">
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