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1,greek_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Greek + Romanization"}},sound_effect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Efek Suara"}},audio_speed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PrÄdkoÅÄ audio"}},the_progress_of_lesson_will_be_lost:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Stracisz postÄpy zrobione w lekcji, jeÅli teraz zrezygnujesz."}},are_you_sure_you_want_to_quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy na pewno chcesz zakoÅczyÄ?"}}},header:{login:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zaloguj siÄ"}},logout:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wyloguj siÄ"}},profile:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Profil"}},settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ustawienia"}},learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UczÄ siÄ"}},choose_languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz kurs"}},sign_up_btn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zarejestruj"}}},alphabet:{common:{pronunciation:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wymowa"}},tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wskazówki"}},introduction:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wprowadzenie"}},all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WSZYSTKO"}}},en:{en_alp_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Angielski Alfabet"}},en_alp_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"å°æ°æ
åµä¸ï¼ä¸ååæ¯å¨åè¯ä¸ä¸åé³ï¼"}},en_alp_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"æ©å±é
读"}},en_alp_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸è±å¼è±è¯çåºå«ç®ä»"}},en_alp_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. åé³"}},en_alp_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸è±å¼è±è¯å¨åé³ä¸çæ大åºå«æ¯å·èé³ [R]ãè±å¼åé³å ä¹ä¸åºç°å·èï¼èç¾å¼åé³åºæ¬é½ä¼åå·èé³ãä¾å¦ï¼"}},en_alp_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. æ¼å"}},en_alp_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼1ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ä»¥ âourâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸é常åä½ âorâï¼"}},en_alp_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼2ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸çå¨è¯è¯å°¾å¯ä»¥æ¯ âizeâ æ âiseâï¼èç¾å¼è±è¯æ»æ¯ä½¿ç¨ âizeâï¼"}},en_alp_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼3ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ä»¥ âyseâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä½ âyzeâï¼"}},en_alp_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼4ï¼ä»¥å
é³ + l ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨è±å¼è±è¯ä¸åå½¢æ¶ä¼å ä¸ä¸ª lï¼èç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä¿æä¸åï¼"}},en_alp_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"W jÄzyku angielskim mamy w sumie 26 liter. WyglÄ
dajÄ
one nastÄpujÄ
co:"}},en_alp_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼5ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ï¼é¨å以 âenceâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä½ âenseâï¼"}},en_alp_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼6ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ï¼é¨å以 âogueâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸å¯ä»¥åä½ âogâ æä¿ç âogueâã"}},en_alp_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"é¤äºåé³åæ¼åï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ç¾å¼è±è¯å¨è¡¨è¾¾ä¹ æ¯åç¨è¯æ¹é¢ä¹åå¨å·®å¼ï¼è¿äºå
容éè¦å¨å¦ä¹ ä¸éæ¥ç§¯ç´¯ãç°å¨å¼å§è¯¾ç¨çå¦ä¹ å§ï¼"}},en_alp_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"é³æ "}},en_alp_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ä¾å"}},en_alp_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"åæ¯ç»å"}},en_alp_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"åæ¯"}},en_alp_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Fonetyka"}},en_alp_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"W angielskim istniejÄ
oczywiÅcie pewne zasady co do wymowy liter oraz sÅów. SÅów tych oraz zasad jest jednak dosyÄ dużo, wiÄc najlepiej bÄdzie, jeÅli w trakcie nauki bÄdziemy wspomagaÄ siÄ po prostu transkrypcjÄ
fonetycznÄ
. Pomoże nam ona bardzo w poprawnym, dokÅadnym komunikowaniu siÄ. Najpierw musimy jednak wiedzieÄ, jak z takiej transkrypcji korzystaÄ. W tym celu powinniÅmy zaznajomiÄ siÄ z miÄdzynarodowym alfabetem fonetycznym (zwanym w skrócie IPA, od International Phonetic Association). SkÅada siÄ on ze spóÅgÅosek i samogÅosek oraz pokazuje, gdzie dokÅadnie powinien padaÄ w danym sÅowie akcent."}},en_alp_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JeÅli chcesz siÄ z nim zaznajomiÄ, to możesz rzuciÄ okiem na znajdujÄ
ce siÄ w tabelkach transkrypcje fonetyczne spóÅgÅosek oraz samogÅosek. PamiÄtaj, że zawsze możesz kliknÄ
Ä w to, co CiÄ interesuje, aby wysÅuchaÄ nagrania z poprawÄ
wymowÄ
."}},en_alp_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â SpóÅgÅoski"}},en_alp_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ SamogÅoski"}},en_alp_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. 常è§åæ¯ç»å"}},en_alp_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. ä¸åé³çåæ¯"}}},de:{de_alp_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"German Pronunciation Guide"}},de_alp_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"This pronunciation guide aims to help you pronounce new words whenever you encounter them. Some of the concepts mentioned here refer to advanced grammar skills. Please donât feel pressured to understand everything in one session if this is your first day learning German. You can revisit this part throughout your learning journey. Viel Spaà (have fun)!"}},de_alp_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"German Alphabet"}},de_alp_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c. Stress-flexible prefixes (where the stress falls changes the word meaning): über-, um-, unter-, etc."}},de_alp_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) Loanwords"}},de_alp_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Words borrowed from other languages generally keep their original stress."}},de_alp_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Words with roots in Latin or French have the stress on the last or second last syllable:"}},de_alp_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-ant, -anz, -enz, -ion, -ismus, -ist, -ment, -tät, -ieren"}},de_alp_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) Compound words"}},de_alp_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The stress of the first word in the compound is the stress of the whole compound word."}},de_alp_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Syllables"}},de_alp_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Regular Vowels and Vowels with Umlaut"}},de_alp_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are five regular vowels and three vowels with umlaut in German: a, e, i, o, u and ä, ö, ü. a, o, u and ä, ö, ü are pronounced differently."}},de_alp_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Consonant + Vowel"}},de_alp_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"German vowels vary in pronunciation by longer and shorter sounds."}},de_alp_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Itâs a long vowel when:"}},de_alp_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-itâs on its own;"}},de_alp_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-itâs followed by only one consonant, e.g. âaâ in âVaterâ is long, and âaâ in âMannâ is short;"}},de_alp_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-itâs duplicated, such as âaaâ in âMaatâ, âeeâ in âSeeâ and âooâ in âBootâ; the vowel âiâ never duplicates. The long sound of âiâ appears usually as âieâ, like inâsiebenâ.The vowels âu/ä/ö/üâ never duplicate."}},de_alp_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-itâs followed by âhâ, like âHuhnâ (âhâ is muted);"}},de_alp_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Diphthongs and Grouped Consonants"}},de_alp_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) Diphthongs (vowel + vowel): au, ei/ai, eu/äu"}},de_alp_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) Double consonants"}},de_alp_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When a consonant is doubled, its sound doesnât change."}},de_alp_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"For the consonant âkâ, there is no âkkâ, but there is âckâ."}},de_alp_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) Grouped consonants"}},de_alp_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) âdtâ and âthâ"}},de_alp_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) ph"}},de_alp_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) tz, ts"}},de_alp_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"d) chs, x"}},de_alp_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Special Pronunciations"}},de_alp_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) ch"}},de_alp_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) When it follows the vowels âa/o/u/auâ:"}},de_alp_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In total, the German alphabet has 30 letters: 26 Latin letters and 4 extra ones (ä,ö,ü,Ã)."}},de_alp_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) When it follows a consonant or any other vowel or diphthong besides âa/o/u/auâ:"}},de_alp_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) b, d, g"}},de_alp_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) when they take the second last position of a syllable OR followed by a consonant, they are pronounced as â
1p, t, kâ:"}},de_alp_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) otherwise, they are pronounced as usual:"}},de_alp_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) s, Ã"}},de_alp_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) âSâ is voiced when it appears before a vowel:"}},de_alp_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) when it follows a vowel or consonant:"}},de_alp_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) Ã:"}},de_alp_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) st, sp"}},de_alp_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) As the initial in a word, the âsâ is always pronounced as âshâ:"}},de_alp_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Word Stress"}},de_alp_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Otherwise, it keeps its normal unvoiced sound:"}},de_alp_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5) pf, kn"}},de_alp_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In these consonant combinations, every consonant must be pronounced. (The trick is to pronounce the first consonant gently.)"}},de_alp_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6) ng"}},de_alp_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7) qu"}},de_alp_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âqâ can be paired with âuâ only: âquâ"}},de_alp_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8) w, v"}},de_alp_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) âwâ is pronounced with the upper front teech gently pressing the lower lip, like the English âvâ:"}},de_alp_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) âvâ is pronounced usually like the English âfâ:"}},de_alp_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) Unless itâs the final sound of a loanword, âvâ is voiced like the normal English âvâ:"}},de_alp_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) In general the majority of German words have the stress on the first syllable:"}},de_alp_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"9) ig"}},de_alp_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) At the end of words:"}},de_alp_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Before a vowel:"}},de_alp_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"10) sch, tsch"}},de_alp_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"11) y"}},de_alp_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) it shares the same sound with âüâ when follows a consonant:"}},de_alp_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) almost all y-initial words in German are loanwords:"}},de_alp_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"12) r"}},de_alp_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) when ârâ is a consonant and followed by vowels:"}},de_alp_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) when ârâ follows a short vowel, it blends with the vowel:"}},de_alp_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) For words with a prefix, there are several patterns:"}},de_alp_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) ârâ in inseparable suffixes â-er/-ern/-ertâ and in inseparable prefixes âer-/ver-/zer-â:"}},de_alp_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"d) ârâ in the final position of words (mostly after a long vowel):"}},de_alp_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to translate"}},de_alp_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ferry across the river"}},de_alp_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a. Separable prefixes are stressed: auf, ein, aus, bei, mit, un, an, etc."}},de_alp_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b. Inseparable prefixes are unstressed: be-, er-, ent-, zer-, etc."}}},es:{es_alp_10_x:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"10. x"}},es_alp_11_z:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"11. Z"}},es_alp_1_as_the_initial_or_a_word_or_after_the_letters_m_n_both_are_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) As the initial or a word or after the letters âm/nâ, both are pronounced:"}},es_alp_1_b_v:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. b/v"}},es_alp_1_c_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) âc + a/o/uâ"}},es_alp_1_g_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) âg + a/o/u"}},es_alp_1_is_the_one_and_only_written_accent_mark_in_spanish_it_appears_only_above_the_five_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. â is the one and only written accent mark in Spanish. It appears only above the five vowels: á, é, Ã, ó, ú."}},es_alp_1_the_spanish_r_is_a_rhotic_one:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) The Spanish ârâ is a rhotic one."}},es_alp_1_when_x_is_the_initial_letter_of_a_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) When âxâ is the initial letter of a word:"}},es_alp_1_z_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"1) âz + a/o/uâ"}},es_alp_2_c_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âc + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_c_q:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. c/q"}},es_alp_2_g_u_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âg + u + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_in_other_cases_both_are_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) In other cases, both are pronounced:"}},es_alp_2_q_u_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âq + u + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_the_stress_of_vowel_ending_words_falls_on_the_second_last_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. The stress of vowel-ending words falls on the second last syllable."}},es_alp_2_when_r_is_the_initial_letter_or_after_n_l_s_or_doubled_as_rr_it_s_trilled_strongly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) When ârâ is the initial letter or after ân/l/sâ or doubled as ârrâ, itâs trilled strongly."}},es_alp_2_when_x_is_between_two_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) When âxâ is between two vowels:"}},es_alp_3_c_c_n_t_d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) âc + c/n/t/dâ"}},es_alp_3_ch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. ch"}},es_alp_3_except_words_ending_with_n_or_s_the_stress_of_consonant_ending_words_falls_on_the_last_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Except words ending with ânâ or âsâ, the stress of consonant-ending words falls on the last syllable."}},es_alp_3_g_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) âg + e/iâ"}},es_alp_3_when_x_is_before_a_consonant:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) When âxâ is before a consonant:"}},es_alp_4_except_in_these_two_words_they_are_pronounced_like_j:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) Except in these two words, they are pronounced like âjâ:"}},es_alp_4_g:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. g"}},es_alp_4_in_gue_gui_if_the_u_has_two_dots_on_top_the_u_must_be_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) In âgue/guiâ, if the âuâ has two dots on top, the âuâ must be pronounced:"}},es_alp_4_when_a_diphthong_is_the_stressed_syllable_the_stress_falls_on_the_strong_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. When a diphthong is the stressed syllable, the stress falls on the strong vowel."}},es_alp_5_h:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. h"}},es_alp_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. ñ"}},es_alp_7_r:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7. r"}},es_alp_8_ll:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8. ll"}},es_alp_9_j:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"9. j"}},es_alp_a_diphthong_a_strong_vowel_a_weak_vowel_or_a_weak_vowel_a_weak_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A diphthong = a strong vowel + a weak vowel OR a weak vowel + a weak vowel"}},es_alp_consonant_blends:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant Blends"}},es_alp_consonant_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant + Vowel"}},es_alp_diphthongs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diphthongs"}},es_alp_in_some_countries_it_s_pronounced_as_s_but_in_some_other_regions_it_s_ks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some countries, itâs pronounced as âsâ, but in some other regions, itâs âksâ:"}},es_alp_in_the_following_cases_z_and_c_are_pronounced_like_the_english_th_in_spain_whereas_in_latin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In the following cases, âzâ and âcâ are pronounced like the English âthâ in Spain, whereas in Latin America, they are pronounced like âsâ ."}},es_alp_let_s_start_with_the_most_basic_consonant_vowel_combinations_and_hear_how_each_is_pronounced_in_an_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letâs start with the most basic consonant-vowel combinations and hear how each is pronounced in an example."}},es_alp_letters_a_e_o_are_called_the_strong_vowels_and_i_u_are_the_weak_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters âa/e/oâ are called the strong vowels, and âi/uâ are the weak vowels."}},es_alp_special_pronunciations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Special Pronunciations"}},es_alp_the_accent_mark_indicates_which_part_of_the_word_is_stressed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The accent mark indicates which part of the word is stressed."}},es_alp_the_consonant_ll_is_pronounced_differently_in_spain_and_latin_america_tap_the_words_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The consonant âllâ is pronounced differently in Spain and Latin America. Tap the words below to hear the difference. (âESâ = Spain; âMXâ = Mexico)"}},es_alp_the_diphthongs_ai_ei_oi_generally_become_ay_ey_oy_at_the_end_of_words_except_at_the_end_of_conjugated_verbs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The diphthongs âai/ei/oiâ generally become âay/ey/oyâ at the end of words EXCEPT at the end of conjugated verbs."}},es_alp_the_five_vowels_a_e_i_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Five Vowels: a e i o u"}},es_alp_the_letter_h_is_always_muted_but_it_can_never_be_omitted_in_writing_or_spelling:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The letter âhâ is always muted. But it can never be omitted in writing or spelling."}},es_alp_the_spanish_alphabet:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Spanish Alphabet"}},es_alp_there_are_29_letters_in_the_spanish_alphabet_with_5_vowels_and_24_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 29 letters in the Spanish alphabet with 5 vowels and 24 consonants."}},es_alp_triphthongs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Triphthongs"}}
1,es_alp_when_l_r_are_placed_after_p_b_c_g_t_d_f_their_sounds_tend_to_blend_together:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When âl/râ are placed after âp/b/c/g/t/d/fâ, their sounds tend to blend together."}},es_alp_when_r_is_in_the_middle_or_at_the_end_of_a_word_it_s_short_soft_and_less_explosive:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When ârâ is in the middle or at the end of a word, itâs short, soft and less explosive."}},es_alp_word_stress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Word Stress"}},esus_alp_the_consonant_ll_is_pronounced_differently_in_spain_and_latin_america_tap_the_words_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The consonant "ll" is pronounced differently in Latin America and Spain. Tap the words below to hear the difference. ("MX"="Mexico", "ES"="Spain")'}},esus_alp_in_the_following_cases_z_and_c_are_pronounced_like_the_english_th_in_spain_whereas_in_latin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In the following cases, "z" and "c" are pronounced like the English "s" in Latin America, whereas in Spain, they are pronounced like "th".'}}},fr:{fr_alp_section_1_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There 26 letters in the French alphabet: 6 vowels and 20 consonants."}},fr_alp_section_1_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Some letters appear with accent marks, such as "à ", "é", "î" etc.; we will learn more about their functions in a dedicated section for accent marks. Before we start learning the pronunciation rules, let's get familiar with a few important concepts on phonetics first.`}},fr_alp_section_1_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters and Basic Phonetics"}},fr_alp_section_2_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In general, the number of vowels in a word indicates its number of syllables. A syllable can be an open or closed one, depending on its final pronunciation. Take the word "teacher" in French:'}},fr_alp_section_2_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"We can hear 3 syllables. The first two syllables are open syllables because they end with vowels, and the last syllable is a closed one because it ends with the consonant [r]."}},fr_alp_section_2_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Attention: though many words in French end with consonants, these consonants are not pronounced. This means we need to rely on the actual pronunciation of a word instead of its spelling to find out the open-closed characteristic of the syllable."}},fr_alp_section_2_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Syllables"}},fr_alp_section_3_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The stress of a word usually falls on the last syllable. Please listen to the example words below."}},fr_alp_section_3_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The pronunciation patterns of French can be quite complicated for beginners; there are some patterns as well as exceptions. This introduction covers some of the most common patterns, which should be able to help you pronounce 80% of the words in this course."}},fr_alp_section_3_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Stress"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. The vowel "a" and its variations with accent marks, such as "â" or "à ", are usually pronounced [a]. For example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠before the consonant sound [z]:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⣠"o" is pronounced [É] when it's before other consonants:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. There are many ways to pronounce "e":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â when "e" appear as "é", it's pronounced [e]:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â¡ when "e" is before two duplicate consonants or in a closed syllable, it's pronounced [É]ï¼`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⢠all other forms of "e", such as "è", "ê" and "ë" are pronounced [É]ï¼'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⣠"e" is silent when it's the last letter of a word:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Common Vowel Combinations"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. "ai/ay", "ei/ey" are pronounced [É]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "au", "eau" are usually pronounced [o]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. Vowel "e" is by default pronounced [É]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "ou" and "aou" are pronounced [u]. Adding accent marks on them does not affect the pronunciations.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. "eu", "Åu" are pronounced [Å]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"but pronounced as [ø] in final open syllables:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"For beginners, [ø], [É] and [Å] may be hard to tell from each other, but we can assure you that as you spend more time listening to French, your ears will pick up the subtle differences."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal Vowels"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal sounds are produced by by the voice resonating in the nose. French nasal vowels are [ÉÌ]ï¼[ÉÌ]ï¼[ÉÌ] and [ÅÌ]."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. Letter combinations "an", "am", "en" and "em" are usually pronouned [ÉÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Attention: in "enn/emm", "e" is NOT pronounced [É], for example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "in", "im", "yn", "ym", "ain", "aim" and "ein" are usually pronounced [ÉÌ] :'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "on" and "om" are pronounced [ÉÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. Vowels "i, î, ï, y" are usually pronounced [i]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. "un" is pronounced [ÅÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Semi-vowels"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Semivowels are speech sounds that fall between vowels and consonants."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`1. "ou" is pronounced [w] when it's before a vowel:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "oi" and "oy" are pronounced [wa]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`3. Letter "y" is usually pronounced [j] when it's the first letter of a word:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. When "y" is between two vowels, it forms semivowels with both of them:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Take the word "voyelle" for example, "oy" together makes the [wa] sound, and "ye" together makes the [je] sound.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`5. "i" is pronounced [j] if it's between a vowel and a consonant:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'6. "il" and "ille" are pronounced [j]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. The vowel "o" is usually pronounced [É] or [o]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'7. "u" is pronounced [É¥] before vowels:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8. Common semivowel-nasal vowel combinations:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"General Patterns:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Exceptions:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`1. "c" is pronounced [k] before "a, o, u". It's pronounced as [s] when it's before "i, e, y" or appear as "ç":`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`2. "g" is always pronounced [g] before "a, o, u" or consonants, but it's pronounced [Ê] when it's before "i, e, y".`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "h" in French is always silent. Read more about "H muet" and "H aspiré" near the end of this introduction.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`4. "s" is pronounced [z] when it's between two vowels:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`5. "t" is usually [t], but it's pronounced [s] in "-tion":`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'5. Vowels "u, û, ü" are usually pronounced as [y]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'6. "x" is usually found at the end of a word. In other cases, it may be [ks] or [s]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*usually seen in numerals"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7. Most final consonants are silent, but they are pronounced in these situations:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â when followed by "e": usually seen in the feminine forms of adjectives or nouns:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ when a word ends with one of "c, f, l, q, r, ct":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠in a loanword, such as an English word:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Common Consonant Letter Combinations"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Attention:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Two duplicate consonants are pronounced as one consonant:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Extended Reading:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The vowels "o" and "e" change their sounds a lot. It's not required to know them by heart at the beginning of your learning journey.`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Accents"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"Accent marks have two important roles:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â to differentiate sounds; "e" is pronounced differently when it takes different accent marks.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ to differentiate words with the same pronunciations; for example, "sur" and "sûr" may sound the same but are two different words.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are 5 accent marks in total. Take the letter "e":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"All letters with accent marks:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Ãlision"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In linguistics, elision refers to the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking. In French, it means the final unstressed vowel of a word is dropped when it's immediately before another word beginning with a vowel, for example: l'enfant, s'il, n'est."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Liaison"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'We already know that in French most word-final consonants are not pronounced. But when they are immediately before a word beginning with a vowel or the mute h, they need to be pronounced and merged smoothly with the following vowel sound. This rule is called "liaison".'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. "o" is pronounced [o] in these situations:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"for example:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"C'est un garçon. [sÉ-tÅÌ-garsÉÌ]"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In liaison, "s, x, z" are pronounced [z]. For example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"les enfants [lezÉÌfÉÌ]"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_74:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liaison is required in these combinations: subject pronoun + the conjugated verb and definite article + noun."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_75:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liaison is optional in other circumstances."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_76:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. H aspiré and H muet"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_77:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The letter "h" in a word is always silent, but there are two types of "h". Unlike with the mute h, when the word starts with the aspirated h, it does not partake in liaison or elision. For example, "le héro" cannot contracted to "l'héro" because the "h" in "héro" is an aspirated one.`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_78:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There is no pattern to the mute-aspirated characteristic of the letter h. In other words, words with aspirated h should be memorized separately."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â when "o" carries the circumflex mark and appear as "ô":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ in a word-final open syllable:"}},fr_alp_section_4_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},fr_alp_table_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"produces the [s] sound:"}},fr_alp_table_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"English Translation"}},fr_alp_table_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Symbol"}},fr_alp_table_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Function"}},fr_alp_table_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Acute Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that "e" makes the sound of [e]:'}},fr_alp_table_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Grave Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that "e" makes the sound of [É]'}},fr_alp_table_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Circumflex Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"indicates the sound of [É] should be made"}},fr_alp_table_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Trema or Diaeresis"}},fr_alp_table_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" is silent'}},fr_alp_table_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates the sound [É] should be made; used to divide the pronunciation of two adjacent vowels, such as "Noël".'}},fr_alp_table_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cedilla"}},fr_alp_table_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that the "c" makes the [s] sound; this mark is not used on other letters.'}},fr_alp_table_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" makes the sound of [ks] or [kz]'}},fr_alp_table_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" makes the sound of [s]*'}},fr_alp_table_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Silent word-final consonants"}},fr_alp_table_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronounced word-final consonants"}},fr_alp_table_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ex" + consonants'}},fr_alp_table_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ex" + vowels'}},fr_alp_table_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"French names"}}},it:{it_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Italian is a phonetic language. If you can master its spelling rules, you can basically listen and write words and easily read out loud any portion of Italian text. Beginners don't need to master all of these pronunciation rules. However, it's recommended to simply understand them at first. Click on the audio to imitate the pronunciation and, if you encounter problems at any time while you study, you can go back to check. Let's try it together!"}},it_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian Alphabet"}},it_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian language has 26 letters:"}},it_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âJ, k, w, x, yâ are foreign letters that usually appear in foreign words. Among the remaining 21 letters, 5 of them are vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 16 are consonants."}},it_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},it_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian language has 5 vowels:"}},it_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notes:"}},it_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. The pronunciation of âeâ and âoâ can be done with either an open or a closed mouth:"}},it_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Why is there no accent mark in "cuore" and "correre"? Check the following note.'}},it_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. Accent marks only appear in words that end with a vowel, and they are pronounced on the last syllable of the word. In other situations, they are generally omitted (it is why we do not put an accent mark in "cuore" or "correre"). For example:'}},it_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. As you practice your pronunciation, pay attention to the difference between open and closed accents since this distinction can sometimes change the meaning of the word. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Italian accents are usually stressed on the second-to-last syllable. However, irregularities need to be memorized separately."}},it_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Italian consonants are relatively easier to pronounce. Please, click on the following words to learn their pronounciations:"}},it_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Special Consonants"}},it_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. c, g"}},it_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following words give you examples of the pronunciation of the consonants âcâ and âgâ when they are followed by vowels âaâ, âoâ and âuâ:"}},it_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following words give you examples of the pronunciation of the consonants âcâ and âgâ when they are followed by vowels âiâ and âeâ:"}},it_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. h"}},it_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Generally, the letter âhâ is silent. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"However, when it's placed after the consonants âcâ or âgâ, it can change the original pronunciation."}},it_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. zï¼s"}},it_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"The consonants âzâ and âsâ have two different pronunciations: voiceless and voiced."}},it_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Beginners don't need to master the specific rules of voiceless and voiced âzâ and âsâ. It's enough to remember the pronunciation of specific words you come across."}},it_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Combining Consonants"}},it_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(1) Combining Consonants âscâ"}},it_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Whenever the consonants âsâ and âcâ are combined, there can be a pronunciation change:"}},it_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"However, when the letters are followed by the consonant âhâ, the pronunciation doesn't change:"}},it_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(2) Combining Consonants âgnâ"}},it_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When the consonants âgâ and ânâ are placed next to each other, the pronunciation changes:"}},it_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(3) The syllable âgliâ"}},it_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When the consonants âgâ and âlâ are combined with the vowel âiâ, in most cases the pronunciation changes:"}},it_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some cases, the sound doesn't change. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(4) Double Consonant"}},it_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Italian, there can be two identical consonants right next to each other. This is called a double consonant. Double consonants can change the meaning of the word, therefore you need to pay attention when you pronounce them. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Some common combinations of double consonants are: cc, ff, gg, ll, mm, nn, rr, tt, etc."}},it_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},it_alp_section_table_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pole"}},it_alp_section_table_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},it_alp_section_table_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ninth"}},it_alp_section_table_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"grandfather"}},it_alp_section_table_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"open mouth"}},it_alp_section_table_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"closed mouth"}},it_alp_section_table_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peach"}},it_alp_section_table_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"fishing"}}},ru:{ru_alp_section_table_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sister"}},ru_alp_section_table_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},ru_alp_section_table_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"soup"}},ru_alp_section_table_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},ru_alp_section_table_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"uncle"}},ru_alp_section_table_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"here"}},ru_alp_section_table_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"aunt"}},ru_alp_section_table_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gas"}},ru_alp_section_table_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"guitar"}},ru_alp_section_table_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},ru_alp_section_table_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tokyo"}},ru_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 21 consonants in the Russian alphabet. Most of the consonants have two sounds, a hard one and a soft one. The hard/soft quality can be distinguished by the letter that follows it."}},ru_alp_section_table_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rose"}},ru_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"If the consonant is followed by one of âа, о, Ñ, Ñ, Ñâ, it produces the hard sound."}},ru_alp_section_table_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rice"}},ru_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"If the consonant is followed by one of âÑ, Ñ, Ñ, е, и, Ñâ, it produces the soft sound."}},ru_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Here are the hard-soft pairs:"}},ru_alp_section_table_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lift"}},ru_alp_section_table_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no"}},ru_alp_section_table_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lamp"}},ru_alp_section_table_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"month"}},ru_alp_section_table_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nose"}},ru_alp_section_table_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chemistry"}},ru_alp_section_table_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mama"}},ru_alp_section_table_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"winter"}},ru_alp_section_table_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hockey"}},ru_alp_section_table_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"meat"}},ru_alp_section_table_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chef"}},ru_alp_section_table_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"too"}},ru_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ When âе, Ñâ are not in the stressed syllable or in the above case, they are pronounced as /jÉ/:"}},ru_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â When âе, Ñâ are in the syllable right before the stress or in the unstressed opening syllable, they are pronounced more weakly, like /и/:"}},ru_alp_section_table_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letter"}},ru_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following consonant-vowel combinations have fixed pronunciations:"}},ru_alp_section_table_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bank"}},ru_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Fixed pairs"}},ru_alp_section_table_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Translation"}},ru_alp_section_table_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wisdom"}},ru_alp_section_table_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he"}},ru_alp_section_table_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mayor"}},ru_alp_section_table_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"son"}},ru_alp_section_table_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mistake"}},ru_alp_section_table_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cheek"}},ru_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Introduction"}},ru_alp_section_table_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"May"}},ru_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Russian alphabet uses letters from the Cyrillic script. The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters, 10 vowels, 21 consonants and 2 signs."}},ru_alp_section_table_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tsar"}},ru_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},ru_alp_section_table_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hour"}},ru_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 10 vowels in the Russian alphabet."}},ru_alp_section_table_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"shampoo"}},ru_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Consonants"}},ru_alp_section_table_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"life"}},ru_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ When âа, оâ are not in the stressed syllable or in the above case, they are pronounced as /É/:"}},ru_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â ¢à When âа, oâ are in the syllable right before the stress or in the unstressed opening syllable, they are pronounced more weakly, like /Ê/ ."}},ru_alp_section_table_2_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"IPA"}},ru_alp_section_table_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"connection"}},ru_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voice reduction rules of âеâ and âÑâ:"}},ru_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. Vowel Reduction Rules"}},ru_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The signs âÑ, Ñâ are never pronounced. In addition to marking the hard/soft qual
1ity of a consonant, they can also separate the sound of a succeeding vowel from the preceding consonant. For example:"}},ru_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel reductions rules for vowels âaâ and âoâ"}},ru_alp_section_table_2_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},ru_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In a word with more than one syllable, the word stress is the syllable that is pronounced stronger than the others. The stress of Russian words does not follow a particular pattern. The unstressed vowels in a multi-syllabic word may have a slightly different pronunciation, for example âoâ in the English word âofficialâ is not a full /o/, but /É/. This is called the vowel reduction."}},ru_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"These consonants only have the hard sound:"}},ru_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Ñ, Ñ signs"}},ru_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"These consonants only have the soft sound:"}},ru_alp_section_table_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fedor"}},ru_alp_section_table_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vase"}},ru_alp_section_table_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"white"}},ru_alp_section_table_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"flag"}},ru_alp_section_table_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dad"}},ru_alp_section_table_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beer"}},ru_alp_section_table_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"and"}},ru_alp_section_table_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"text"}},ru_alp_section_table_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hedgehog"}},ru_alp_section_table_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"south"}}},jp:{voiced_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced Consonants"}},there_are_massive_amounts_of_kanji_in_the_japanese_language_that_are_almost_identical_in_appearance_with_chinese_characters_yet_with_completely_different_pronunciations_and_denotations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are massive amounts of Kanji in the Japanese language that are almost identical in appearance with Chinese characters yet with completely different pronunciations and denotations."}},hiragana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana"}},kanji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kanji"}},w_1_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"student"}},japanese_writing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japanese Writing"}},w_1_2108:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"simple"}},katakana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Katakana"}},as_particles:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"As particles:"}},note_the_hepburn_system_is_in_this_app_adopted_by_default:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(Note: LingoDeer uses the Hepburn system by default.)"}},w_1_149:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},_3_in_goj_on_each_kana_is_represented_in_hiragana_katakana_and_romanization_romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. In GojÅ«on, each Kana is represented in Hiragana, Katakana and Romanization (Romaji)."}},hiragana_originates_from_the_cursive_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_the_form_of_hiragana_is_round_and_smooth_without_any_sharp_angles_hiragana_is_a_phonetic_lettering_system_it_can_be_used_to_represent_the_pronunciation_of_a_kanji_as_well_as_used_alone_as_a_character_in_writing_when_hiragana_is_used_as_a_character_on_its_own_it_can_be_a_segment_of_a_word_or_a_grammatical_element_in_a_sentence_such_as_a_particle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana originates from the cursive script of Chinese calligraphy. The form of Hiragana is round and smooth without any sharp angles. Hiragana is a phonetic lettering system. It can be used to represent the pronunciation of a Kanji as well as used alone as a character in writing. When Hiragana is used as a character on its own, it can be a segment of a word or a grammatical element in a sentence such as a particle."}},hiragana_placed_above_a_kanji_is_called_furigana_which_indicates_the_pronunciation_of_the_kanji_as_in_the_examples_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana placed above a Kanji is called Furigana, which indicates the pronunciation of the Kanji as in the examples below:"}},_5_pay_special_attention_to_the_pronunciation_of_the_kana_in_the_penultimate_row_ra_row_the_japanese_r_is_non_rhotic_though_romanized_as_ra_ri_ru_re_ro_they_should_be_pronounced_like_la_li_lu_le_lo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'5. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the Kana in the penultimate row (ra-row). The Japanese "r" is non-rhotic. Though Romanized as "ra, ri, ru, re, ro", they should be pronounced like "la, li, lu, le, lo".'}},other_than_goj_on_japanese_has_additional_pronunciation_rules_such_as_voiced_consonants_
1y_on_hatsuon_long_vowels_and_sokuon_each_of_those_will_be_explained_one_by_one_as_follows:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Other than GojÅ«on, Japanese has additional pronunciation rules such as voiced consonants, YÅon, Hatsuon, long vowels and Sokuon. Each of those will be explained one by one as follows:"}},sokuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sokuon"}},notice_the_romaji_writing_rule_for_sokuon_is_to_double_the_consonant_letter_of_the_kana_following_the_sokuon_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notice: The Romaji writing rule for Sokuon is to double the consonant letter of the Kana following the Sokuon syllable."}},there_are_two_romanizations_in_use_today_the_kunrei_shiki_and_the_hepburn_system_they_are_slightly_different_in_marking_the_reading_of_some_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are two Romanizations in use today, the Kunrei-shiki and the Hepburn System. They are slightly different in marking the reading of some Kana:"}},n_is_individual_kana_it_is_usually_not_used_on_its_own_but_in_conjunction_with_other_kana_kana_which_is_called_hatsuon_examples_are_as_follows:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ã(n)" is individual Kana. It is usually not used on its own but in conjunction with other Kana: "Kana+ã", which is called Hatsuon. Examples are as follows:'}},_1_a_goj_on_chart_consists_of_five_columns_and_ten_rows_the_first_row_contains_the_five_japanese_vowels_and_they_are_considered_the_most_important_of_all_because_the_hiragana_in_the_other_nine_rows_is_pronounced_based_on_a_combination_of_consonants_and_those_five_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. A GojÅ«on chart consists of five columns and ten rows. The first row contains the five Japanese vowels and they are considered the most important of all, because the Hiragana in the other nine rows is pronounced based on a combination of consonants and those five vowels."}},katakana_comes_from_the_regular_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_its_form_is_more_angular_in_comparison_with_hiragana_both_hiragana_and_katakana_can_be_used_to_represent_japanese_pronunciation_and_each_katakana_has_a_correspondent_hiragana_which_has_the_same_sound_and_vice_versa_katakana_is_usually_used_to_spell_foreign_words_the_words_in_the_chart_below_all_have_english_origins_therefore_are_written_in_katakana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Katakana comes from the regular script of Chinese calligraphy. Its form is more angular in comparison with Hiragana. Both Hiragana and Katakana can be used to represent Japanese pronunciation. And each Katakana has a correspondent Hiragana, which has the same sound, and vice versa. Katakana is usually used to spell foreign words. The words in the chart below all have English origins, therefore are written in Katakana."}},desk:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"desk"}},goj_on_fifty_sounds_is_the_foundation_of_japanese_learning_it_is_the_japanese_alphabetical_order_and_its_name_refers_to_the_5_10_grid_in_which_the_characters_are_displayed_by_using_a_goj_on_chart_hiragana_and_katakana_can_be_learned_and_memorized_pretty_fast:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'GojÅ«on ("the Fifty Sounds") is the foundation of Japanese learning. It is the Japanese "alphabetical order" and its name refers to the 5Ã10 grid in which the characters are displayed. By using a GojÅ«on chart, Hiragana and Katakana can be learned and memorized pretty fast.'}},w_1_231:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"school"}},w_1_431:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"magazine"}},fifty_sounds_goj_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fifty Sounds (GojÅ«on)"}},w_1_158:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"small"}},w_1_159:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"big"}},long_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Long Vowels"}},gojuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GojÅ«on"}},romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaji"}},there_are_voiceless_and_voiced_consonants_in_japanese_voiced_consonants_are_created_by_adding_two_dashes_to_the_upper_right_corner_of_their_voiceless_counterparts_as_in_ga_row_with_consonant_g_which_stems_from_the_voiceless_ka_row_with_consonant_k_za_row_with_consonant_z_from_the_voiceless_sa_row_with_consonant_s_da_row_with_consonant_d_from_ta_row_with_consonant_t_and_ba_row_with_consonant_b_pa_row_with_consonant_p_from_ha_row_with_consonant_h_the_following_voiced_consonants_chart_would_be_helpful_for_learning_and_memorization:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are voiceless and voiced consonants in Japanese. Voiced consonants are created by adding two dashes to the upper-right corner of their voiceless counterparts as in: "ã/ga-row" (with consonant âgâ), which stems from the voiceless "ã/ka-row" (with consonant "k"); "ã/za-row" (with consonant "z") from the voiceless "ã/sa-row" (with consonant "s"); "ã /da-row" (with consonant "d") from "ã/ta-row" (with consonant "t"); And "ã°/ba-row" (with consonant "b") "ã±/pa-row" (with consonant "p") from "ã¯/ha-row" (with consonant "h"). The following voiced consonants chart would be helpful for learning and memorization.'}},w_1_718:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"airport"}},_4_romaji_is_japanese_writing_in_roman_letters_for_the_convenience_of_transliteration_for_speakers_of_other_languages_who_don_t_read_any_kana_apart_from_being_broadly_employed_in_signs_or_slogans_aimed_at_international_audiences_romaji_is_also_a_very_common_way_to_input_japanese_into_computers_in_the_beginning_phase_of_learning_japanese_pronunciation_romaji_would_be_greatly_helpful_as_well:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Romaji is Japanese writing in Roman letters for the convenience of transliteration for speakers of other languages who donât read any Kana. Apart from being broadly employed in signs or slogans aimed at international audiences, Romaji is also a very common way to input Japanese into computers. In the beginning phase of learning Japanese pronunciation, Romaji would be greatly helpful as well."}},the_following_are_some_examples_of_long_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following are some examples of long vowels:"}},hepburn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hepburn"}}
1,row:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Row"}},when_kana_is_followed_by_the_same_vowel_it_forms_a_long_vowel_sound_for_example_ka_a_should_be_pronounced_as_ka_the_long_vowel_sound_also_goes_for_the_kana_in_e_column_followed_by_i_and_the_kana_in_o_column_followed_by_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'When Kana is followed by the same vowel, it forms a long vowel sound. For example, "ka+a" should be pronounced as "[ka:]". The long vowel sound also goes for the Kana in "e-column" followed by "i" and the Kana in "o-column" followed by "u".'}},camera:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"camera"}},y_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon"}},the_japanese_writing_system_consists_of_three_different_systems_hiragana_katakana_and_kanji_for_example_this_simple_japanese_sentence_below_i_buy_a_television_includes_all_of_the_three:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Japanese writing system consists of three different systems: Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. For example, this simple Japanese sentence below (I buy a television) includes all of the three:"}},_2_for_each_row_it_s_named_with_the_first_kana_hiragana_katakana_for_example_the_first_row_is_called_a_row_and_for_each_column_it_is_also_named_with_the_first_kana_hiragana_katakana_for_example_the_first_column_is_a_column:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. For each row, itâs named with the first "Kana"(Hiragana, Katakana). For example, the first row is called "a-row". And for each column, it is also named with the first Kana (Hiragana, Katakana). For example, the first column is "a-column".'}},in_goj_on_usually_doesn_t_appear_on_its_own_but_rather_in_combinations_with_other_kana_go_to_hatsuon_for_detailed_reference_while_inputting_on_a_keyboard_double_type_n_for:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'in GojÅ«on usually doesnât appear on its own, but rather in combinations with other Kana (go to Hatsuon for detailed reference). While inputting on a keyboard, double-type "n" for "ã".'}},w_1_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japanese"}},umbrella:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"umbrella"}},television:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"television"}},y_on_are_represented_in_hiragana_using_any_kana_in_i_row_such_as_ki_combined_with_ya_yu_yo_for_example_kyo_is_written_as_kyo_using_a_much_smaller_version_of_the_yo_kana_as_a_subscript_to_this_format_also_rings_true_for_the_other_two_and:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'YÅon are represented in Hiragana using any Kana in "ã/i-row", such as ã (ki), combined with ãyaããyuããyo. For example, kyo, is written as ãã [kyo], using a much smaller version of the yo Kana ã as a subscript to ã. This format also rings true for the other two ã and ã.'}},column:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Column"}},_7_the_last_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7.The last Kana"}},i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},placed_between_two_kana_marks_sokuon_the_tip_to_pronounce_it_is_to_make_a_short_and_sudden_stop_between_the_two_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ã£" placed between two Kana marks "Sokuon". The tip to pronounce it is to make a short and sudden stop between the two Kana.'}},_6_note_that_the_bracketed_kana_in_the_third_row_to_the_last_ya_row_and_the_last_row_wa_row_are_the_same_as_the_kana_in_the_first_row_a_row:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Note that the bracketed Kana in the third row to the last (ya-row) and the last row (wa-row) are the same as the Kana in the first row (a-row)."}},w_1_1443:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cafe"}},coffee:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},kurei_shiki:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kunrei-shiki"}},the_kunrei_shiki_system_is_very_orderly_and_traditional_in_nature_and_is_primarily_used_inside_japan_mostly_in_domestic_textbooks_the_hepburn_system_is_a_direct_reflection_of_kana_s_pronunciation_for_its_simplicity_in_grasping_japanese_pronunciation_the_hepburn_system_is_extensively_applied_in_japanese_teaching_internationally:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Kunrei-shiki system is very orderly and traditional in nature and is primarily used inside Japan, mostly in domestic textbooks. The Hepburn system is a direct reflection of Kanaâs pronunciation. For its simplicity in grasping Japanese pronunciation, the Hepburn system is extensively applied in Japanese teaching internationally."}}
1,hatsuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hatsuon"}},as_segments_of_a_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"As segments of a word:"}},w_1_774:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"convenient"}},After_pronouncing_the_first_Kana_naturally_glide_to_an_en_sound:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"After pronouncing the first Kana, naturally glide to an 'en' sound."}}},kr:{a_complex_vowel_is_made_up_of_two_simple_vowels_vowels_and_is_pronounced_by_gliding_from_one_vowel_to_the_other_the_key_is_to_not_create_any_breaks_between_the_two_simple_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A complex vowel is made up of two simple vowels and is pronounced by gliding from one vowel to the other. The key is to not create any breaks between the two simple vowels."}},double_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Double Consonants"}},_2_is_a_silent_consonant_before_a_vowel_when_it_comes_after_a_vowel_it_is_a_nasal_sound_like_ng_in_lung:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2.ã
is a silent consonant before a vowel. When it comes after a vowel, it is a nasal sound /Å/, like ng in lung."}},a_complex_final_is_written_left_to_right:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A complex final is written left to right:"}},plosive_sounds_are_unreleased_at_a_final_position_your_mouth_needs_to_be_prepared_to_produce_the_plosive_finals_but_never_actually_released_to_make_the_sounds_auditable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Plosive sounds [ã±, ã·, ã
] are unreleased at a final position. Your mouth needs to be prepared to produce the plosive finals but never actually released to make the sounds auditable."}},a_final_consonant_if_there_is_one_is_always_written_at_the_bottom_under_the_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A final consonant, if there is one, is always written at the bottom, under the vowel:"}},final_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"final 1"}},final_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"final 2"}},actual_pronunciations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Actual pronunciations"}},complex_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Complex vowels"}},h_initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"h(initial)"}},plain:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plain"}},consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},single_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Consonants"}},vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},_1_y_simple_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. y+simple vowel"}},_2_w_simple_vowel_and_eui:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. w+simple vowel and ui"}},_2_has_three_possible_pronunciations_n_when_there_is_no_consonant_and_locates_at_the_beginning_of_a_word_it_should_be_pronounced_as_eui_n_when_it_functions_as_a_possessive_marker_it_should_be_pronounced_as_e_n_when_there_is_a_consonant_it_should_be_pronounced_as_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2.ã
¢ has three possible pronunciations: <br/>â When there is no consonant and ã
¢ locates at the beginning of a word, it should be pronounced as ã
¡+ã
£/eu+i. <br/>â¡ When it functions as a possessive marker, it should be pronounced as ã
/e. <br/>⢠When there is a consonant, it should be pronounced as ã
£/i."}},initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"initial"}},_1_korean_consonants_are_grouped_into_three_categories_plain_aspirated_and_tense_ntake_the_first_row_of_the_chart_below_for_example_n_plain_is_a_very_soft_sound_comparing_to_the_other_two_it_is_voiceless_sounds_like_k_at_the_beginning_of_a_word_but_voiced_sounds_like_d_between_two_voiced_sounds_n_aspirate_is_stronger_than_with_a_forceful_expulsion_of_air_n_tense_requires_no_aspiration_and_it_is_a_very_intensive_sound:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Korean consonants are grouped into three categories: plain, aspirated, and tense. Take the first row of the chart below for example: <br/>ã±(plain) is a very soft sound comparing to the other two. It is voiceless (sounds like /k/) at the beginning of a word, but voiced (sounds like /d/) between two voiced sounds. <br/>ã
(aspirated) is stronger than ã± with a forceful expulsion of air. <br/>ã²(tense) requires no aspiration, and it is a very intensive sound."}},a_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a(vowel)"}},in_the_following_games_you_will_master_korean_s_alphabet_in_no_time_let_s_get_started:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In the following games, you will master Koreanâs alphabet in no time. Letâs get started."}},korean_word_structure:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korean Syllable Blocks"}},_1_the_distinction_between_and_no_longer_exist_among_native_korean_speakers_expect_older_generation_the_distinctions_between_and_and_and_are_too_minor_to_be_told_as_well:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. The distinction between ã
and ã
no longer exist among native Korean speakers (except the older generation). The distinctions between ã
and ã
, and ã
and ã
, are too minor to be told as well."}},instead_of_being_written_sequentially_like_the_letters_of_the_latin_script_hangul_letters_are_grouped_into_blocks_such_as_han_each_of_which_represents_a_syllable_that_said_although_the_syllable_han_may_look_like_a_single_character_it_is_actually_composed_of_three_letters_h_a_and_n:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin script, Hangul letters are grouped into blocks, such as í han, each of which represents a syllable. That said, although the syllable í han may look like a single character, it is actually composed of three letters: ã
h, ã
a, and ã´ n."}},and_have_two_possible_pronunciations_hangul_in_square_brackets_indicates_the_actual_pronunciation_to_read_reading_large_broad_to_step_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡, â¢ãº and ã¼ have two possible pronunciations (Hangul in square brackets indicates the actual pronunciation):<br/>ì½ë¤[ìµë°] to read <-> ì½ê¸°[ì¼ë¼] reading<br/>ëë¤[ëë°] large, broad <-> ë°ë¤[ë°¥ë°] to step on"}},vowel_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel.1"}},each_syllabic_block_consists_of_two_to_six_letters_including_at_least_one_consonant_and_one_vowel_these_blocks_are_then_arranged_horizontally_from_left_to_right_or_vertically_from_top_to_bottom:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each syllabic block consists of two to six letters, including at least one consonant and one vowel. These blocks are then arranged horizontally from left to right or vertically from top to bottom."}},finals:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Finals"}},vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel"}},aspireated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aspirated"}},single_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Vowels"}},hangul_consists_of_19_consonants_and_21_vowels_korean_characters_are_hangul_letters_grouped_into_syllabic_blocks_on_this_page_we_will_introduce_the_pronunciation_of_each_letter_and_the_formation_of_korean_characters:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hangul consists of 19 consonants and 21 vowels. Korean characters are Hangul letters grouped into syllabic blocks. On this page, we will introduce the pronunciation of each letter and the formation of Korean characters."}},there_are_9_main_types_of_layouts_as_shown_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 9 main types of layouts as shown below."}},_3_there_are_27_final_consonants_in_korean_however_only_7_possible_pronunciations_for_the_finals_for_instance_is_pronounced_as_and_is_pronounced_as_you_can_refer_to_the_table_below_for_the_actual_pronunciation_of_each_final_consonant:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. There are 27 final consonants in Korean, but only 7 possible pronunciations for the finals. For instance: ì is pronounced as ì» and ì is pronounced as ì
. You can refer to the table below for the actual pronunciation of each final consonant."}},n_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"n(final)"}},vowel_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel.2"}},tense:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tense"}},hangul_is_the_korean_alphabet_it_has_been_used_to_write_the_korean_language_since_its_creation_in_the_15th_century_under_sejong_the_great_it_is_the_official_writing_system_of_south_korea_and_n
1orth_korea_wikipedia:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hangul is the Korean alphabet. It has been used to write the Korean language since its creation in the 15th century under Sejong the Great. It is the official writing system of South Korea and North Korea (Wikipedia)."}}},cn:{what_s_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"What's Pinyin"}},pinyin_is_the_romanization_of_the_chinese_characters_based_on_their_pronunciation_it_uses_25_letters_of_26_letters_of_the_roman_alphabet_although_it_s_the_first_time_you_read_pinyin_you_will_be_able_to_guess_50_of_them_correctly_cause_the_symbols_are_quite_the_same_as_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin is the Romanization of the Chinese characters based on their pronunciation. It uses 25 letters of 26 letters of the Roman alphabet. Although it's the first time you read Pinyin, you will be able to guess 50% of them correctly because the symbols are quite the same as English."}},this_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"This is Pinyin"}},this_is_character:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"This is a character"}},pinyin_three_parts:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin: Three Parts"}},generally_pinyin_syllable_consists_of_three_parts_initial_final_and_tone_please_tap_to_listen_each_part:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Generally, Pinyin syllable consists of three parts: initial, final and tone. Please tap to listen to each part."}},tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tone"}},initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Initial"}},_s_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Final"}},mostly_a_syllable_starts_with_an_initial_there_are_23_initials_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In most cases, a syllable starts with an initial. There are 23 initials in Chinese:"}},the_final_follows_the_initial_in_a_syllable_there_are_35_finals_6_are_simple_finals_and_29_are_compound_finals:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The final follows the initial in a syllable. There are 35 finals, 6 are simple finals and 29 are compound finals."}},simple_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Simple Final:"}},compound_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Compound Final:"}},chinese_is_a_tonal_language_the_same_syllable_with_differeent_tone_has_different_meaning_there_are_four_tones_and_a_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Chinese is a tonal language. The same syllable with a different tone has a different meaning. There are four tones and a neutral tone in Chinese:"}},first:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"first"}},second:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"second"}},third:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"third"}},fourth:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"fourth"}},neutral:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Neutral"}}},vt:{vt_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Generally, Vietnamese syllables have three parts: the initial, the final and the tone."}},vt_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Syllables"}},vt_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Vietnamese language does not use the letters F(f), J(j), W(w) and Z(z). Besides the ordinary âD(d)â, there is the varied version âÄ (Ä)â. And there are 6 special letters with accent marks:"}},vt_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Vietnamese alphabet uses the Latin script. There are 29 letters in the Vietnamese alphabet:"}},vt_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Standard Vietnamese (Hanoi) has 6 tones. Take âaâ sound for example:"}},vt_alp_section_content_15_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},vt_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"And these 8 consonants can be finals (the end of a word):"}},vt_alp_section_content_15_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"All the consonants can be initials (the start of a word)."}},vt_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Consonants"}},vt_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 17 single consonants and 10 compound consonants:"}},vt_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Compound Consonants"}},vt_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 12 single vowels, 32 double vowels and 13 triple vowels."}},vt_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Triple vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Double Vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sixth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fifth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Note: the marks on the letters Ä, â, ê, ô, Æ¡, Æ° are not tone marks."}},vt_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Second tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fourth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Third tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},vt_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mark"}},vt_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no mark"}},vt_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"First tone"}}},th:{thai_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Thai is the official language of Thailand. Standard Thai, the variant we will learn in this course, is spoken throughout the country and is based on the dialect spoken in Central Thailand . 2The Thai script contains 44 consonant symbols, 32 vowel symbols, and 4 tone diacritics. Mastering all these symbols and their corresponding spelling rules is the key to reading in Thai. Let's take a look at each symbol.`}},thai_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Consonants"}},thai_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 44 consonant letters in Thai, but only 21 consonant sounds. That means you'll see several different letters representing the same sound. In this section, we'll be learning 42 consonant letters, since two of the letters are no longer used."}},thai_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"As you can see in the chart below, each consonant letter has two transcriptions. The transcription on the left indicates its sound as an initial at the start of a word, and the one on the right indicates its sound as a final at the end of a word."}},thai_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Each consonant letter has a "name", which consists of two parts: 1. a combination of the consonant and the vowel sound /o/; and 2. a word with the consonant. For instance, the letter ภrepresents the /k/ sound, and its letter name is "ภà¹à¸à¹/ko kai". The first part "à¸/ko" is the combination of /k/ and the vowel sound /o/; the second part "à¹à¸à¹/kai", meaning "chicken", is a word that contains the consonant à¸.'}},thai_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},thai_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Thai vowel letters may be positioned above, below, or to the left or right of a consonant. In the vowel chart below, we use a dashed circle "â" to indicate the position where a consonant letter would be located.'}},thai_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are short vowel and long vowel pairs in Thai. Please pay special attention to the length of each vowel."}},thai_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Monophthongs"}},thai_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diphthongs"}},thai_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Tones"}},thai_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
2],s:"There are 5 tones in Thai."}},thai_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The first tone is a flat mid level tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: How long will you stay in Thailand? B: Mmm, about two weeks."}},thai_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The second tone is a low level tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Read it like you're expressing doubt or disbelief. "Mmm, I don't think so."`}},thai_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The third tone is a falling tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: I won first prize. B: Mmm! Well done!"}},thai_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fourth tone is a high level tone. You need to stress the syllable and keep it at a high pitch."}},thai_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: [mumble mumble mumbleâ¦] B: Mmm..? Sorry, what did you just say?"}},thai_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fifth tone is a rising tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: How is your trip to Thailand? B: Mmm? Iâve never been to Thailand."}},thai_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pay attention to "Mmm" in blue. It helps you simulate tones in Thai.'}}},tr:{tur_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Turkish language is the official language of Turkey and is also widely spoken in Cyprus and among diaspora communities across the world."}},tur_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The modern Turkish alphabet consists of 29 letters: eight vowels (a, e, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü) and 21 consonants. Turkish's phonetic nature enables a direct correspondence between letters and sounds."}},tur_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Turkish alphabet includes several unique letters:"}},tur_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â Ã/ç: Pronounced like "ch" in "chip".'}},tur_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"çay (tea)"}},tur_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pirinç (rice)"}},tur_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â¡ Ä/Ä: This letter, known as "yumuÅak g", doesn't have an English equivalent. When it follows a vowel, it makes that vowel sound longer.`}},tur_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"saÄ (right side)"}},tur_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"deÄil (not)"}},tur_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⢠I/ı: The "ı" (without a dot) is a unique sound to Turkish. It sounds like a combination of "oo" in "boot" and "i" in "bit".'}},tur_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nasıl (how)"}},tur_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kız (girl)"}},tur_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⣠İ/i: The Turkish "i" is dotted in both lowercase and uppercase forms. It is pronounced like "ee" in "see".'}},tur_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°stanbul (Istanbul)"}},tur_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"biz (we)"}},tur_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⤠Ã/ö: This letter represents a sound similar to the "eu" in French "peur" or "ö" in German "schön".'}},tur_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"köpek (dog)"}},tur_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"öÄrenci (student)"}},tur_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⥠Å/Å: Pronounced like "sh" in "ship".'}},tur_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åeker (sugar)"}},tur_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"arkadaÅ (friend)"}},tur_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⦠Ã/ü: This letter represents a sound similar to the "ü" in German "über", or the "u" in French "rue". It's pronounced with the lips rounded as if trying to say "oo" (as in "boot"), but instead, saying"ee" (as in "see").`}},tur_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türk (Turkish)"}},tur_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"üç (three)"}}},hi:{hindi_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi is the official language of India. Modern Standard Hindi, which we will learn in this course, is based on the dialect spoken in North India and used as the lingua franca in central, eastern, and western India."}},hindi_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi is written phonetically from left to right. It has 10 vowels and 35 consonants, as well as several compound characters."}},hindi_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
2],s:"1. Vowels"}},hindi_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Consonants"}},hindi_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The table above represents the consonant letters in combination with the inherent vowel -a. The inherent vowel is usually omitted in word endings. 3Notes: 41. In Hindi, consonant sounds can be divided into four types according to voicing and aspiration. Take t/d, for example: 5a. त / ta is voiceless unaspirated (like âtâ in âstudyâ) 6b. थ / tha is voiceless aspirated (like âtâ in âtankâ) 7c. द / da is voiced unaspirated (like âdâ in âdanceâ) 8d. ध / dha is voiced aspirated (no equivalent in English, pronounced with a strong burst of breath). 92. Most sounds transliterated with a capital letter (such as ठ/ Ta, ठ/ Tha, ड / Da, ढ / Dha, ण / Na, ष / Sa, ड़ / Ra) are retroflex sounds. You need to pronounce retroflex sounds with the tip of the tongue curled back toward the hard palate. 103. Most consonants with a subscript dot (such as à¤à¤¼ / Kha, à¤à¤¼ / za, फ़ / fa) are used in loan words from Persian, Arabic, and English, except for ड़ / Ra, which is a native variation of र / ra.`}},hindi_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Syllables"}},hindi_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Hindi, consonant-vowel syllables are written as units. Each unit is based on a consonant letter with an additional diacritic mark representing a vowel."}},hindi_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diacritic"}},hindi_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant-vowel syllable"}},hindi_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},hindi_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Note: romanized as âmaâ in word endings."}},hindi_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Compound characters"}},hindi_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Compound characters"}},hindi_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Note: romanized as âmaâ in word endings."}},hindi_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. Other"}},hindi_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are also some special characters that mostly (but not always) appear in loan words, such as:"}},hindi_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Other"}},hindi_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Punctuation"}},hindi_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9}],s:"Hindi uses the same punctuation marks as English with one exception: the dot at the end of the sentence is written as |"}},hindi_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I am Raam."}},hindi_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"forgiven"}},hindi_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"met"}},hindi_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"humid"}},hindi_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"my"}},hindi_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},hindi_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mumbai"}},hindi_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peanut"}},hindi_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mobile phone"}},hindi_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"weather"}},hindi_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"England"}},hindi_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"New Delhi"}},hindi_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"film"}},hindi_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"birthday"}},hindi_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"skin"}},hindi_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},hindi_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},hindi_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},hindi_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"metro"}},hindi_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to study"}}},ar:{ar_alphabet_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters and Diacritics"}},ar_alphabet_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Arabic, there are 28 letters, or consonant sounds. Other vowels in Arabic take the form of diacritical marks, and are located above and below the constant it follows. Letâs look at how Arabic letter and diacritics are combined together."}},ar_alphabet_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diacritic"}},ar_alphabet_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letter"}},ar_alphabet_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cursive Writing"}},ar_alphabet_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Unlike English, the Arabic language has no uppercase or lowercase, and words are written in one continuous stroke, like cursive. Because of this, letters in Arabic can exhibit up to four distinct forms corresponding to an initial, middle/medial, final, or isolated position. Letâs take the letter Ù/h for example:"}},ar_alphabet_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},ar_alphabet_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Isolated"}},ar_alphabet_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he"}},ar_alphabet_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Initial"}},ar_alphabet_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"important"}},ar_alphabet_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Middle"}},ar_alphabet_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"trivial"}},ar_alphabet_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Final"}},ar_alphabet_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notice: * Ø° cannot connect to the following letter. Therefore, Ù following it must be in the isolated form."}},ar_alphabet_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 3 letters and 2 diacritics."}}
10,ar_alphabet_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âbâ sound in English. We use the letter âbâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âmâ sound in English. We use the letter âmâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sounds like a trill /r/ (usually one vibration) and a flap /ɾ/. We use the letter ârâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fatha ÙتØØ© is placed above a letter. Although we transliterate it into /a/, it actually sounds more like a [æ] sound in English (as in âmanâ or âcatâ). We transliterate it into âaâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The kasra Ùسرة is placed below a letter. Similar to /i/ sound. We transliterate it into âiâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 diacritics."}},ar_alphabet_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the ânâ sound in English. We transliterate it into ânâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âdâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âdâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âhâ sound in English, but it is guttural, very breathy, and sounds like /h/ in âheartâ. We transliterate it into âHâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âtâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âtâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The damma ضÙ
Ø© is placed above a letter. Similar to /u/ sound. We transliterate it into âuâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The sukuun سÙÙÙ is placed above a letter. It indicates that the consonant it is attached to is not followed by a vowel."}},ar_alphabet_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 1 long vowel."}},ar_alphabet_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âwâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âwâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced palatal affricate and sounds like /j/ in âjamâ. We transliterate it into âjâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced interdental fricative and similar to the /th/ sound in âthoseâ in English. We transliterate it into âdhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âLâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âlâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Long vowel"}},ar_alphabet_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù/a and the letter ا/alif. We transliterate it into âaaâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 long vowels."}},ar_alphabet_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced post-dental emphatic stop. It can be approximated with an emphatic /d/. We transliterate it into âDâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A constriction of the throat and an expulsion of the breath with the vocal cords vibrating. Its pronunciation is more like the pronunciation of its voiceless counterpart being Ø. ع is voiced and Ø is unvoiced. We transliterate it into â3â."}},ar_alphabet_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless velar fricative. We should pronounce it based on Ø/H and rub the throat at the same time. We transliterate it into âkhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced post-interdental emphatic fricative. It can be approximated with /th/ in 'father' but with the throat constricted. We transliterate it into âDHâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù /i and the letter Ù/y. We transliterate it into âiiâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù /u and the letter Ù/w. We transliterate it into âuuâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 5 letters and 1 nunation."}},ar_alphabet_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless interdental fricative and similar to the /th/ sound in âthinkâ in English. We transliterate it into âthâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced uvular fricative like a gentle gargling. It is pronounced in a similar way that you gargle mouthwash. We transliterate it into âghâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless unaspirated uvular stop and similar to /c/ in âcaughtâ, but pronounced further back in the mouth. We transliterate it into âqâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âsâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âsâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"This letter is a âsilent consonantâ and it is used in the definite article and a long vowel. When alif combines with diacritics, it is always used with Ø¡/hamza which carries a glottal stop sound (like âuh-ohâ in English). When ا /alif is used with a hamza, we use the number 2 to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nunation"}},ar_alphabet_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double fatha is placed above a letter and sounds like /an/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù /a ( Ù ) and an ا/alif. We transliterate it into âanâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 nunations."}},ar_alphabet_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless post-dental sibilant emphatic. It can be approximated with /s/ in âsauceâ, except coming from deeper in the throat. When pronouncing it you will c
10onstrict the throat and curl your tongue slightly. We transliterate it into âSâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced dental sibilant. It can be approximated with /z/ in âzooâ. We transliterate it into âzâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âyâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âyâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless post-dental emphatic stop and constrict the throat. The tongue will release from the back of your top row of teeth. It can be approximated with the /d/ in âdawnâ. We transliterate it into âTâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double kasra is placed below a letter and sounds like /in/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù /i ( Ù ). We transliterate it into âinâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double damma is placed above a letter and sounds like /un/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù/u ( Ù ). We transliterate it into âunâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 1 diacritic."}},ar_alphabet_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âhâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âkâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âkâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âshâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âshâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âfâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âfâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The shadda Ù diacritic is written above a letter and indicates that the consonant is being doubled. In this case, the first consonant is pronounced with a sukuun, and its double will take either a fatha, damma, or kasra."}},ar_alphabet_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabic Alphabet Chart"}},ar_alphabet_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Forms"}},ar_alphabet_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Name"}}},grk:{grk_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Letters"}},grk_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus, and is spoken by approximately 13.5 million people around the world. In Modern Greek, there are 24 uppercase letters and 25 lowercase letters. Notably, "Σ" is used for both "Ï" and "Ï" in lowercase. In the provided chart, we've compiled all Greek letters. Click on each block to hear their names. Some names, such as "alpha" and "omega," may sound familiar. However, you might observe variations as well, like "veta" for Î/β instead of "beta".`}},grk_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},grk_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Two-letter vowels"}},grk_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Consonants"}},grk_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Î/δ sounds like âthâ in âtheseâ."}},grk_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Two-letter consonants"}},grk_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"well, fine"}},grk_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},grk_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cheap"}},grk_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peanut"}},grk_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},grk_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nose"}},grk_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"how"}},grk_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},grk_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Iâm"}},grk_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friends (male)"}},grk_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ouzo"}},grk_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"she"}},grk_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"egg"}},grk_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thank you"}},grk_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"euro"}},grk_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"visa"}},grk_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"France"}},grk_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"celebration"}},grk_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"not"}},grk_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sugar"}},grk_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I want"}},grk_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good, well, fine"}},grk_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wolf"}},grk_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"America"}},grk_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},grk_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sour"}},grk_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"how"}},grk_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"park"}},grk_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"your (plural)"}},grk_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tired"}},grk_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},grk_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friend (female)"}},grk_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sugar"}},grk_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bread"}},grk_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"English (language)"}},grk_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"excuse me"}},grk_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beer"}},grk_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"umbrella"}},grk_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sandwich"}},grk_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"jeans"}},grk_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}}},ukr:{ukr_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian is an East Slavic language and the official language of Ukraine with over 27 million native speakers w
10orldwide."}},ukr_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters"}},ukr_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian is written in Ukrainian Cyrillic. The modern Ukrainian alphabet has 33 letters in total."}},ukr_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},ukr_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronunciation"}},ukr_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},ukr_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},ukr_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ñ and '"}},ukr_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`In addition to the vowels and consonants listed above, the Ukrainian alphabet contains the letter Ь Ñ ("м'Ñкий знак", "soft sign"), which produces no sound, but palatalizes ("softens") the preceding consonant.`}},ukr_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Not palatalized"}},ukr_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalized"}},ukr_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian consonants are also palatalized before vowels Ð Ñ, I i, Ю Ñ, Я Ñ:"}},ukr_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"To prevent palatalization, we use the apostrophe ':"}},ukr_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anna"}},ukr_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sister"}},ukr_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"euro"}},ukr_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},ukr_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pizza"}},ukr_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},ukr_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},ukr_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukraine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Julia"}},ukr_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yana"}},ukr_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"borscht"}},ukr_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"she"}},ukr_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hotel"}},ukr_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"crow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good, fine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"magazine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tomorrow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WiFi"}},ukr_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kyiv"}},ukr_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"but"}},ukr_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mom"}},ukr_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"not"}},ukr_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"female friend"}},ukr_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rice"}},ukr_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"soup"}},ukr_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},ukr_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cafe"}},ukr_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(I) want"}},ukr_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this, it"}},ukr_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}},ukr_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chocolate"}},ukr_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},ukr_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lotion"}},ukr_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cola"}},ukr_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"role"}},ukr_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anna"}},ukr_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},ukr_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"omelet"}},ukr_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(it's) pouring"}},ukr_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},ukr_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"visa"}},ukr_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"meadow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"love"}},ukr_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"house"}},ukr_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},ukr_alp_section_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},ukr_alp_section_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"meat"}},ukr_alp_section_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},ukr_alp_section_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"computer"}}},idn:{idn_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Indonesian is the official language of the Republic of Indonesia and is spoken by over 270 million people. It uses the Latin alphabet, consisting of 26 letters, the same as the English alphabet. However, some letters have different pronunciations. Additionally, Indonesian has simpler phonetic rules, so the spelling of words generally matches their pronunciation."}},idn_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},idn_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each vowel's pronunciation is quite similar to that in English."}},idn_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Indonesian, the vowel "e" has two pronunciations. The first is the schwa, a more neutral and unstressed sound, similar to the "a" in "about". The second is the open "e", which sounds like the "e" in "bed".'}},idn_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Most instances of "e" are pronounced as a schwa.'}},idn_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},idn_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Indonesian consonants are also very easy to pronounce. Note that the letters Q, V, and X are rarely used, primarily appearing in loanwords."}},idn_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Be careful with these consonants (p, t, k) that appear at the end of syllables. They are not actually pronounced; instead, they are articulated by "stopping the airflow".'}},idn_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The Indonesian "ng" is pronounced just like "ng" in English words, as in "sing".'}},idn_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Indonesian, "ny" is similar to the Spanish "ñ", like the "ny" in "canyon" with a nasal sound.'}},idn_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},idn_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},idn_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"store"}},idn_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teacher"}},idn_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the schwa"}},idn_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"six"}},idn_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the open âeâ sound"}},idn_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ice"}},idn_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},idn_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},idn_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he, she"}},idn_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"movie"}},idn_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sorry"}},idn_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},idn_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},idn_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},idn_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"orange"}},idn_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},idn_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},idn_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},idn_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"expensive"}},idn_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},idn_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},idn_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ride"}},idn_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},idn_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"morning"}},idn_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"laptop"}},idn_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Quran"}},idn_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"noisy"}},idn_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},idn_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},idn_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nice"}},idn_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"three"}},idn_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},idn_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"volleyball"}},idn_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"time"}},idn_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},idn_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zebra"}},idn_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"laptop"}},idn_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},idn_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},idn_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},idn_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},idn_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},idn_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"singer"}}},mal:{mal_alp_section_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"What is Malay?"}},mal_alp_section_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},mal_alp_section_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},mal_alp_section_theader_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Formal"}},mal_alp_section_theader_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Informal"}},mal_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Malay is a language within the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the western Austronesian language family, originally spoken by the Malay people. Today, it is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesiaâwhere it is known as "Indonesian." Malay is also one of the four official languages of Singapore.'}},mal_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The version of Malay taught here is Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu Standard), which is widely understood across Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei. Although it shares similarities with Indonesian, differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage have led to a growing divergence between the two languages. Despite this, they remain largely mutually intelligible."}},mal_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malay uses the Latin alphabet, consisting of 26 letters, with a straightforward pronunciation that closely matches its spelling."}},mal_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each vowel's pronunciation is quite similar to that in English."}},mal_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},mal_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},mal_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"empty, zero"}},mal_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teacher"}},mal_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, the vowel "e" has two pronunciations. The first is the schwa /É/, a more neutral and unstressed sound, similar to the "a" in "about." The second is the open "e," which sounds like the "e" in "bed."'}},mal_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Most instances of "e" are pronounced as a schwa.'}},mal_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the schwa"}},mal_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"six"}},mal_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'the open "e" sound'}},mal_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"can"}},mal_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, the "a" sound at the end of words is commonly pronounced as a schwa /É/ in informal speech.'}},mal_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},mal_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},mal_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malay consonants are also very easy to pronounce. Note that the letters Q, V, and X are rarely used, primarily appearing in loanwords."}},mal_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},mal_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},mal_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he, she"}},mal_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"movie"}},mal_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sorry"}},mal_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},mal_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},mal_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},mal_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},mal_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},mal_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"expensive"}},mal_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},mal_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},mal_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ride"}},mal_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"morning"}},mal_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"delicious"}},mal_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Quran"}},mal_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thousand"}},mal_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},mal_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},mal_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ice"}},mal_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"three"}},mal_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},mal_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"video"}},mal_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"money"}},mal_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},mal_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zoo"}},mal_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Be careful with these consonants (p, t, k) that appear at the end of syllables. They are not actually pronounced; instead, they are articulated by "stopping the airflow."'}},mal_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"delicious"}},mal_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},mal_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},mal_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The Malay "ng" is pronounced just like "ng" in English words, as in "sing."'}},mal_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},mal_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},mal_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, "ny" is similar to the Spanish "ñ," like the "ny" in "canyon" with a nasal sound.'}},mal_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},mal_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"singer"}}},pol:{pol_alp_section_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Overview"}},pol_alp_section_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alphabet"}},pol_alp_section_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},pol_alp_section_title_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},pol_alp_section_title_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Digraphs"}},pol_alp_section_title_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal vowels"}},pol_alp_section_title_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalization"}},pol_alp_section_title_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Devoicing"}},pol_alp_section_title_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Word stress"}},pol_alp_section_theader_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},pol_alp_section_theader_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"IPA"}},pol_alp_section_theader_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},pol_alp_section_theader_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},pol_alp_section_theader_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Digraph"}},pol_alp_section_theader_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letter"}},pol_alp_section_theader_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rule"}},pol_alp_section_theader_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalization pattern"}},pol_alp_section_theader_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Devoicing pattern"}},pol_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish is a West Slavic language with over 40 million native speakers w
10orldwide. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken language in the European Union."}},pol_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish alphabet derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics."}},pol_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mr."}},pol_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"phone"}},pol_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ms."}},pol_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish"}},pol_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to speak"}},pol_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to love"}},pol_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},pol_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},pol_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},pol_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to give"}},pol_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"far away"}},pol_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"closet"}},pol_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bigos, hunter's stew"}},pol_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hotel"}},pol_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I am"}},pol_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},pol_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"years"}},pol_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nicely"}},pol_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mom"}},pol_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wine"}},pol_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},pol_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"parrot"}},pol_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"fish"}},pol_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"juice"}},pol_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"world"}},pol_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dad"}},pol_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},pol_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"music"}},pol_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"badly"}},pol_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wife"}},pol_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Note: The letters Q q, V v, and X x are only used in loanwords (e.g. quiz, vlog) or abbreviations (e.g., a word starting with ks- being abbreviated as x.)."}},pol_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a little"}},pol_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"or"}},pol_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bell"}},pol_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sound"}},pol_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"jam"}},pol_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"well"}},pol_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"please"}},pol_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single or at the end of word"}},pol_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one (feminine accusative)"}},pol_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before ch, f, h, rz, s, sz, Å, w, z, ź or ż"}},pol_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"husband"}},pol_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before b or p"}},pol_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},pol_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before c, cz, d, dz, dż or t"}},pol_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},pol_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before Ä or dź"}},pol_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to take"}},pol_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before g or k"}},pol_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"train"}},pol_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single or before ch, f, h, rz, s, sz, Å, w, z, ź or ż"}},pol_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"language"}},pol_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"end of word"}},pol_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I can"}},pol_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teeth"}},pol_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(they) will be"}},pol_alp_section_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},pol_alp_section_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beautiful"}},pol_alp_section_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Polish, consonants followed by -i are usually palatalized."}},pol_alp_section_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"warm"}},pol_alp_section_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no"}},pol_alp_section_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},pol_alp_section_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cold"}}
10,pol_alp_section_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thank you"}},pol_alp_section_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"Devoicing" (a normally voiced consonant becoming voiceless) takes place if the consonant is followed by a voiceless consonant or if the consonant occurs at the end of the word.'}},pol_alp_section_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bread"}},pol_alp_section_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sweet"}},pol_alp_section_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"train"}},pol_alp_section_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yesterday"}},pol_alp_section_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gas"}},pol_alp_section_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bitter"}},pol_alp_section_content_74:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Polish, stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable."}},pol_alp_section_content_75:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to teach (imperfective)"}},pol_alp_section_content_76:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to teach (perfective)"}},pol_alp_section_content_77:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"male teacher"}},pol_alp_section_content_78:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"female teacher"}}},pt:{subtitle1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Portuguese alphabet"}},subtitle1_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 26 letters in the Portuguese alphabet:"}},subtitle1_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"k, w, and y are letters that weren't originally included in Portuguese."}},subtitle2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},vowe_letter_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters"}},example_word_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},subtitle3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Consonants"}},subtitle3_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) Unambiguous consonants"}},subtitle3_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Most consonants are always pronounced the same way regardless of their position within the word."}},olá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hello"}},café_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},vida_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"life"}},avó_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"grandmother"}},uma_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},boa_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},porta_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"door"}},dama_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"madam"}},tema_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"topic"}},ficar_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"stay"}},janela_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"window"}},mala_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"suitcase"}},nome_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},subtitle3_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: in Portuguese, "p" and "t" are unaspirated, like "p" in "spot" and "t" in "stop".'}},subtitle3_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) Variable consonants"}},subtitle3_2_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Some consonants change their pronunciation depending on their position within the word."}},rule_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rules"}},emit_sound_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronunciation"}},a_o_u_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/o/u"}},cá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"here"}},e_i_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before e/i"}},cedo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"early"}},c_a_o_u_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ç" only appears before a/o/u'}},moça_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"girl"}},gosto_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"like"}},gigante_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"huge"}},no_emit_sound_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"silent unless paired with another consonant"}},hoje_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"today"}},zero_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zero"}},dez_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ten"}},ZYJKT:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the syllable"}},ZYJJW:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the syllable"}},subtitle3_2_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: [k] is unaspirated, like "k" in "skip".'}},subtitle3_2_p3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ d/t"}},subtitle3_2_p4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are instances when "d"/"t" pronunciation changes from the usual [d]/[t] to [dÊ]/[tÊ].'}},e_befor:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before e"}},i_befor:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before i"}},verde_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"green"}},dia_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},dente_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},tio_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"uncle"}},subtitle3_2_p5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠r"}},subtitle3_2_p6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
10],s:'The pronunciation of the letter "r" also depends on its position within the word.'}},subtitle3_2_p7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`a. Generally speaking, "r" makes a rolled [R] sound at the beginning of the word. However, nowadays many native speakers tend to pronounce it as [h] instead, making it less challenging for people who can't roll their R's.`}},subtitle3_2_p8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'b. The double "rr" also makes either a rolled [R] or a [h] sound.'}},subtitle3_2_p9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'c. When the letter "r" is not at the beginning of the word, it is pronounced as a single-flap [r].'}},r_or_rr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"r or rr"}},replace_hh:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"[h] instead of [R]"}},rato_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rat"}},carro_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"car"}},cara_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"face"}},once_r:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single-flap [r]"}},subtitle3_2_p10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⣠s/x"}},subtitle3_2_p11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The letters "s"/"x" come with many pronunciation rules. Here are the most common ones:'}},in_word_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the word"}},in_letter_after:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the syllable"}},at_letter_center:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"between two vowels"}},in_m_n_letter_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before syllables beginning with m/n"}},in_word_after:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word"}},sala_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"room"}},lápis_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pencil"}},mesa_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"table"}},mesmo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"though"}},xarope_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"syrup"}},fênix_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"phoenix"}},exame_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"test"}},subtitle3_2_p12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Congratulations! Now you're ready to start your first Portuguese lesson! Or, if you want, you can read on and find out more about Portuguese pronunciation from the Extended Reading section below :)"}},subtitle4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Extended reading"}},subtitle4_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. e/o"}},subtitle4_1_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â In some cases, the letter "e" will be pronounced as [i];'}},subtitle4_1_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ In some cases, the letter "o" will be pronounced as [u].'}},subtitle4_1_note1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/e/o"}},subtitle4_1_note4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"in some unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Nasal vowels"}},subtitle4_2_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some cases, Portuguese vowels will be nasalized:"}},example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Spelling"}},subtitle4_2_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Note: Don't close your mouth when pronouncing the final "m".`}},estudo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"study"}},saúde_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"health"}},óleo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"oil"}},amigo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friend"}},motivo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"reason"}},irmã_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sister"}},bem_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},fim_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"end"}},um_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},bom_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},subtitle4_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Letter combinations"}},subtitle4_3_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"Letter combinations" in Portuguese, similar to English, refers to the grouping of two or more letters that often make a unique sound.'}},subtitle4_3_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Common letter combinations:"}},subtitle4_3_p3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ gu/qu:"}},subtitle4_3_p4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: [k] and [kw] are unaspirated, like "k" in "skip".'}},subtitle4_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Accents"}},subtitle4_4_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are four accents in Portuguese. Accented vowels need to be stressed."}},chá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}},minha_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"my"}},trabalham_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"work"}},niguém_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no one"}},igual_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"same"}},quente_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},qual_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"which"}},lâmpada_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lamp"}},maçã_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"apple"}},à s9h_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at 9 o'clock"}},in_a_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a"}},in_a_o_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/o"}},diacritic_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Accents"}}}},language:{arabic:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabski"}},chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ChiÅski"}},english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Angielski"}},french_accelerated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Francuski (2.0)"}},french:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Francuski (1.0)"}},german:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Niemiecki"}},greek:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Grecki"}},hindi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi"}},indonesian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Indonezyjski"}},italian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WÅoski"}},japanese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JapoÅski"}},korean:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KoreaÅski"}},malay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malajski"}},polish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polski"}},portuguese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Portugalski"}},russian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rosyjski"}},spanish_latin_america:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HiszpaÅski (Ameryka ÅaciÅska)"}},spanish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HiszpaÅski (Hiszpania)"}},thai:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tajski"}},turkish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Turecki"}},ukrainian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UkraiÅski"}},vietnamese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wietnamski"}}},webSpecial:{C0:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz wÅaÅciwÄ
literÄ"}}
10,C1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Napisz to, co sÅyszysz"}},C2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PoÅÄ
cz ze sobÄ
odpowiednie pary"}},C3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zapisz sÅowo"}},S0:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nowe zdanie"}},S1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz prawidÅowe tÅumaczenie"}},S10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DokoÅcz zdanie"}},S13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Napisz zdanie"}},S2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz sÅowo, które tutaj nie pasuje"}},S3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DokoÅcz zdanie"}},S4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij w to, co sÅyszysz"}},S5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PrzetÅumacz to zdanie"}},S6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wstaw klocek lub klocki w zdanie."}},S8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DokoÅcz ten dialog"}},W1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz odpowiedni obrazek"}},W10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zapisz sÅowo"}},W12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Co to znaczy?"}},W2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz odpowiednie tÅumaczenie"}},W3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij w to, co sÅyszysz"}},W4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz odpowiedni obrazek"}},W5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zapisz sÅowo"}},W6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PoÅÄ
cz ze sobÄ
odpowiednie pary"}},W8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz odpowiedni obrazek"}},W9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zapisz sÅowo"}},about_lingoDeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"O LingoDeer"}},achievements:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"OsiÄ
gniÄcia"}},add_a_new_course:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dodaj kurs"}},all_learning_history:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Historia twojej nauki"}},alphabet_chart:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alfabet"}},anonymous_user:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anonimowy jeleÅ"}},back_to_home:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powrót do strony gÅównej"}},become_a_premium_member_today_and_reach_intermediate_faster:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZostaÅ użytkownikiem premium dziÅ i szybciej osiÄ
gnij poziom Åredniozaawansowany!"}},blog:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Blog"}},brought_to_you_by:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Przygotowane przez"}},by_using_LingoDeer_you_ve_got_yourself_a_head_start_in_learning_a_new_language:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korzystanie z LingoDeer to Åwietny poczÄ
tek przyspieszonej nauki jÄzyka."}},careers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Praca"}},chinese_japanese_korean_and_more:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ChiÅski"}},click_the_record_button_to_start_recording:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij przycisk Nagrywaj, aby zaczÄ
Ä nagrywanie"}},click_to_play_audio:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij tutaj, aby posÅuchaÄ"}},complete_all_recordings_to_preview:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DokoÅcz wszystkie nagrania, aby uaktywniÄ podglÄ
d."}},congratulations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gratulacje"}},congratulations_on_passing_the_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gratulacje, zdaÅeÅ test!"}},continuous_learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kontynuowanie nauki"}},create_free_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zaloguj siÄ lub utwórz darmowe konto"}},daily_goal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Codzienny cel"}},day_streak:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liczba dni nauki z rzÄdu"}},days:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dni"}},email_support:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pomoc - wsparcie emailowe"}},facebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Facebook"}},finish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Koniec"}},follow_us:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åledź nas"}},get_full_access:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Otrzymaj peÅny dostÄp"}},go_back_and_try_a_different_link:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta strona jest niedostÄpna. WrÃ³Ä do poprzedniej strony i spróbuj innej."}},go_home:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powrót do strony gÅównej"}},help_FAQ:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pomoc / FAQ"}},hey_stranger:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hej, nieznajomy!"}},hour:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Godziny"}},i_have_got:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mam"}},i_understand:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rozumiem"}},i_want_learn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Chce siÄ nauczyÄ"}},incognito_mode_warning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uwaga! W trybie incognito nie możesz zapisaÄ swoich postÄpów. WyÅÄ
cz tryb incognito, jeÅli nie chcesz straciÄ swojej pracy. DziÄkujemy."}},instagram:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Instagram"}},landpage_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ jÄzyków mÄ
drzej, nie wiÄcej"}},landpage_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lekcje"}},landpage_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"każdy kurs jest peÅny zagadnieÅ gramatycznych i sÅownictwa, aż do poziomu Åredniozaawansowanego"}},landpage_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dlaczego LingoDeer uczy najlepiej spoÅród aplikacji jÄzykowych"}},landpage_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Programy nauczania przygotowane przez ekspertów"}},landpage_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasze programy nauczania oparte na zagadnieniach gramatycznych sÄ
przygotowane przez nauczycieli tych jÄzyków i pomogÄ
ci lepiej zrozumieÄ jÄzyk, którego siÄ uczysz, bez dodatkowej pracy z twojej strony"}},landpage_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DźwiÄk HD"}},landpage_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ korzystajÄ
c z lekcji z nagraniami native speakerów od samego poczÄ
tku. Nie pozwól, by zautomatyzowany dźwiÄk TTS zaszkodziÅ twoim umiejÄtnoÅciom mówienia i sÅuchania."}},landpage_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SzczegóÅowe wyjaÅnienia"}},landpage_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZACZNIJ TERAZ"}},landpage_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer rozumie unikalnÄ
zÅożonoÅÄ jÄzyka, którego siÄ uczysz. Tutaj bÄdziesz uczyÄ siÄ z kontekstu, w sposób Åatwy do zrozumienia. Z nami nie musisz bawiÄ siÄ w zgadywanie."}},landpage_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wszystko czego siÄ uczysz, zostanie z tobÄ
"}},landpage_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'DziÄki funkcji âfiszki" wbudowanej w aplikacjÄ, nie bÄdziesz już musiaÅ rÄcznie tworzyÄ fisze
10k! Wybierz swoje preferencje i weź udziaÅ w quizie, gdziekolwiek jesteÅ.'}},landpage_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Popracuj nad pytaniami, w których popeÅniÅeÅ bÅÄdy dziÄki Spersonalizowanej Nauce. Wybierz to, na czym chcesz siÄ skupiÄ, sÅownictwo lub gramatykÄ i szybko popraw swoje wyniki."}},landpage_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zapoznaj siÄ z najważniejszymi zagadnieniami gramatycznymi dziÄki Kartom Wiedzy, które możesz ÅciÄ
gnÄ
Ä na swój telefon lub nawet wydrukowaÄ."}},landpage_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"W peÅni spersonalizowana nauka"}},landpage_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer daje ci możliwoÅÄ zbudowania nawyków i Årodowiska nauki, które ci pasuje. Wybierz kolor tÅa, rodzaj zapisu i gÅos narratora. Naszym zdaniem każdy uczy siÄ w nieco inny sposób."}},landpage_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Äwicz mówienie dziÄki ciekawym historiom"}},landpage_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Historia uczy ciÄ ciekawych faktów kulturowych razem z nowymi sÅówkami i wyrażeniami. Sprawdzaj swoje zdolnoÅci czytania i mówienia, Åwietnie siÄ bawiÄ
c i rzucajÄ
c wyzwanie innym uczÄ
cym siÄ z caÅego Åwiata."}},landpage_content_2_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kilka sÅów od prawdziwych użytkowników LingoDeer"}},landpage_content_2_2_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Do tej pory byÅo to dla mnie naprawdÄ wspaniaÅe doÅwiadczanie. Jest to najlepsza aplikacja do nauki na rynku. Nie tylko uczy ciÄ sÅownictwa i ważnych zwrotów, ale i gramatyki. To przecież na niej oparte sÄ
jÄzyki. DziÄki temu możesz budowaÄ swoje wÅasne zdania zamiast powtarzaÄ po kimÅ jak papuga. Oby tak dalej."}},landpage_content_2_2_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Janina poleca LingoDeer:"}},landpage_content_2_3_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fantastyczna aplikacja! Uwielbiam możliwoÅÄ nauki i Äwiczenia mojego japoÅskiego gdziekolwiek jestem, kiedy nie mam przy sobie ksiÄ
żek. Bardzo rozbudowane materiaÅy. Super jest też to, jak można usunÄ
Ä romaji z ustawieÅ, jeÅli nie chcesz siÄ nad tym pracowaÄ lub jesteÅ na innym etapie nauki. Bardzo polecam!"}},landpage_content_2_3_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dawid poleca LingoDeer:"}},landpage_content_2_4_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta aplikacja jest niewykle pomocna. Åatwo z niej korzystaÄ, a codzienna nauka w drodze do pracy jest zabawÄ
. Można też ÄwiczyÄ mówienie w kawiarni peÅnej ludzi, haha. Kursy sÄ
Åwietnie przygotowane, a wymowa jest bardzo zrozumiaÅa. Ach, no i nie zapominajmy o tym, że kocham tego sÅodkiego jelenia! BÄdÄ dalej uczyÄ siÄ wietnamskiego z tÄ
aplikacjÄ
."}},landpage_content_2_4_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Linda poleca LingoDeer"}},landpage_content_2_5_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kiedy zamieniÅam Duolingo na LingoDeer jako aplikacjÄ do nauki japoÅskiego, mój mózg nagle zaczÄ
Å wszystko ÅapaÄ. To nagle miaÅo sens! Ogólnie LingoDeer Åwietnie dziaÅa jako jedyna metoda do nauki. Możesz korzystaÄ z LingoDeer i niczego innego, a i tak dostaniesz porzÄ
dne fundamenty jÄzykowe."}},landpage_content_2_5_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Jerzy poleca LingoDeer:"}},landpage_content_2_6_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"To najlepsza apka do nauki japoÅskiego! Masa lekcji z zagadnieniami gramatycznymi i sÅownictwem. DziÄki nim uczysz siÄ dużo wiÄcej, gdy budujÄ
c swój zasób sÅownictwa. MyÅlÄ, że LingoDeer to najlepsza apka do nauki jÄzyków azjatyckich!"}},landpage_content_2_6_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Laura poleca LingoDeer:"}},landpage_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ponad 20 milionów"}},landpage_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Skuteczniejsze funkcje"}},landpage_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lekcje offline"}},landpage_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lecisz gdzieÅ? Nie chcesz marnowaÄ danych? ÅciÄ
gnij, co trzeba jednym klikniÄciem myszki."}},landpage_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Użytkowanie na wielu urzÄ
dzeniach"}},landpage_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zsynchronizuj twoje postÄpy z tabletem, telefonem i laptopem."}},landpage_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WyczerpujÄ
ce wyjaÅnienia zagadnieÅ gramatycznych"}},landpage_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ z kontekstu. Koniec zgadywania i poczucia zagubienia."}},landpage_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cichy tryb nauki"}},landpage_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ bez dźwiÄku podczas zajÄÄ i spotkaÅ."}},landpage_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
10],s:"Quizy i testy"}},landpage_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zadowoleni użytkownicy"}},landpage_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"RzuÄ sobie wyzwanie i powtarzaj materiaÅ, rozwiÄ
zujÄ
c quizy na czas."}},landpage_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Przypominajki o nauce"}},landpage_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daj znaÄ LingoDeer, kiedy przypomnieÄ ci, że pora na naukÄ. My nie zapomnimy!"}},landpage_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Różne gÅosy"}},landpage_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ z gÅosem, który ci pasuje. (FunkcjonalnoÅÄ ograniczona do niektórych kursów)"}},landpage_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"RzuÄ wyzwanie znajomemu"}},landpage_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nauka ze znajomymi jest fajniejsza. Dodaj ich na LingoDeer!"}},landpage_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ObsÅuga klienta VIP"}},landpage_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JesteÅmy gotowi, by ci pomóc. Wystarczy jedna wiadomoÅÄ."}},landpage_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÅCIÄGNIJ APLIKACJÄ"}},landpage_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"szybko rosnÄ
ca spoÅecznoÅÄ miÅoÅników jÄzyków obcych z caÅego Åwiata"}},landpage_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij uczyÄ siÄ teraz"}},landpage_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4,8"}},landpage_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gwiazdki"}},landpage_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ponad 300 tysiÄcy użytkowników oceniÅo nas na 5 gwiazdek. Ludzie mówiÄ
, że to dziaÅa!"}},landpage_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ponad 200"}},language_courses:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kursy jÄzykowe"}},languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JÄzyki"}},learn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lekcje"}},learn_a_language_with_LingoDeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ jÄzyka z LingoDeer."}},learn_arabic:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ arabskiego"}},learn_arabic_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ arabskiego online"}},learn_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ chiÅskiego"}},learn_chinese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ chiÅskiego online"}},learn_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ angielskiego"}},learn_english_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ angielskiego online"}},learn_french:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ francuskiego"}},learn_french_accelerated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ francuskiego (2.0)"}},learn_french_normal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ francuskiego (1.0)"}},learn_french_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ francuskiego online"}},learn_german:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ niemieckiego"}},learn_german_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ niemieckiego online"}},learn_greek:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ greckiego"}},learn_greek_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ greckiego online"}},learn_hindi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hindi"}},learn_hindi_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hindi online"}},learn_indonesian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ indonezyjskiego"}},learn_indonesian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ indonezyjskiego online"}},learn_italian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ wÅoskiego"}},learn_italian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ wÅoskiego online"}},learn_japanese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ japoÅskiego"}},learn_japanese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ japoÅskiego online"}},learn_korean:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ koreaÅskiego"}},learn_korean_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ koreaÅskiego online"}},learn_malay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ majskiego"}},learn_malay_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ malajskiego online"}},learn_polish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ polskiego"}},learn_polish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ polskiego online"}},learn_portuguese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ portugalskiego"}},learn_portuguese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ portugalskiego online"}},learn_russian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ rosyjskiego"}},learn_russian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ rosyjskiego online"}},learn_spanish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hiszpaÅskiego"}},learn_spanish_latin_america:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hiszpaÅskiego (Ameryka ÅaciÅska)"}},learn_spanish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hiszpaÅskiego online"}},learn_spanish_spain:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ hiszpaÅskiego (Hiszpania)"}},learn_thai:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ tajskiego"}},learn_thai_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ tajskiego online"}},learn_turkish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ tureckiego"}},learn_turkish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ tureckiego online"}},learn_ukrainian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ ukraiÅskiego"}},learn_ukrainian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ ukraiÅskiego online"}},learn_vietnamese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ wietnamskiego"}},learn_vietnamese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ wietnamskiego online"}},learning_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czas nauki"}},level:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"POZIOM"}},levels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Poziomy"}},levelup:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LEVEL UP"}},lingoDeer_for_android:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer na Androida"}},lingoDeer_for_business:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer dla biznesu"}},lingoDeer_for_educators:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer dla nauczycieli"}},lingoDeer_for_iOS:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer na iOS"}},lingodeer_learn_languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer: Ucz siÄ jÄzyków"}},log_in_method_email_pwd:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Metoda logowania: email i hasÅo"}},log_in_method_facebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Metoda logowania: Facebook"}},log_in_method_google:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Meotda logowania: Google"}},medium:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Medium"}},membership:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"CzÅonkowstwo"}},more_languages_coming_soon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WiÄcej jÄzyków już niedÅugo."}}
10,next:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NastÄpny"}},no_related_equipment_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ups. Nie wykryto mikrofonu."}},oops:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ups!"}},partnership:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Partnerat"}},please_install_the_input_method_of_the_language_first:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Najpierw zainstaluj metodÄ wpisywania jÄzyka."}},please_open_your_browser_microphone_permissions:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aby wykonaÄ to Äwiczenie, udostÄpnij nam korzystanie z twojego mikrofonu."}},prev:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Poprzedni"}},preview:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PodglÄ d"}},pricing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ceny"}},progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PostÄpy"}},reach_intermediate_faster:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Szybciej osiÄ gnij poziom Åredniozaawansowany"}},reading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czytanie"}},review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powtórzenie"}},right_translations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Poprawna odpowiedź:"}},sign_up_so_we_can_be_friends:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zarejestruj siÄ, zostaÅmy przyjacióÅmi!"}},sorry_you_have_not_passed_the_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Niestety nie zdaÅeÅ testu."}},speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mówienie"}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij"}},start_practicing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij ÄwiczyÄ"}},support:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pomoc"}},testout:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wypróbuj"}},the_lingoDeer_method:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Metoda LingoDeer"}},there_is_an_exception_in_the_calling_microphone_please_check_your_microphone_device_or_try_using_google_chrome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nieudana próba użycia mikrofonu. PodÅÄ cz mikrofon lub spróbuj przeglÄ darki Google Chrome."}},this_lesson_is_for_my_friend_only:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta lekcja jest zarezerwowana dla moich przyjacióÅ."}},this_page_went_out_of_space:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta strona już nie istnieje!"}},this_unit_does_not_contain_any_words:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta sekcja nie ma nowego sÅownictwa."}},this_unit_has_no_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ta sekcja nie ma wskazówek."}},total_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czas ÅÄ cznie"}},turn_on_microphone_permissions_in_the_upper_right_corner_of_your_browser_s_address_bar:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WÅÄ cz pozwolenie korzystania z mikrofonu w polu adresowym przeglÄ darki."}},twitter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Twitter"}},you_are_right:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dobra robota!"}},you_have_completed_the_reading_exercise_come_and_practice_speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SkoÅczyÅeÅ Äwiczenie z czytania. Teraz pora na naukÄ mówienia!"}},your_browser_does_not_support_recording_please_use_google_chrome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Twoja przeglÄ darka nie obsÅuguje nagraÅ gÅosowych, skorzystaj z Google Chrome"}},slogan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Nowy jÄzyk 11Nowy TY`}},slogan_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ jÄzyków z LingoDeer"}},slogan_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"To proste i przyjemne!"}},learn_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ teraz"}},description_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dlaczego LingoDeer?"}},description_text_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nauka nowego jÄzyka wymaga czasu. Wykorzystaj go z gÅowÄ ."}},description_text_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zrozum, jakimi prawami rzÄ dzi siÄ gramatyka jÄzyka obcego, opanuj sÅownictwo i popracuj nad wszystkimi swoimi zdolnoÅciami jÄzykowymi."}},description_text_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer ci pomoże!"}},description_item_3_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Efektywna nauka"}},description_item_3_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Skup siÄ na swoich sÅaboÅciach, powtórz najważniejsze zagadnienia gramatyczne i zapamiÄtaj wszystko, czego siÄ nauczysz, dziÄki naszym fiszkom - wszystko to w jednej aplikacji!"}},description_item_5_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ciekawe historie"}},description_item_5_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Äwicz umiejÄtnoÅÄ mówienia dziÄki setkom ciekawych historii, które zapoznajÄ ciÄ z ciekawymi informacjami o kulturze. JednoczeÅnie opanujesz nowe sÅownictwo i wyrażenia."}},detail_item_2_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ponad 250 tysiÄcy użytkowników chwali naszÄ platformÄ jako praktycznÄ i wartÄ czasu spÄdzonego na nauce"}},detail_item_3_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PeÅno gramatyki i sÅownictwa, aż do poziomu Åredniozaawansowanego"}},download:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pobierz"}},review_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Co użytkownicy tacy jak ty mówiÄ o LingoDeer"}},review_user_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alicja"}},review_user_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lena"}},review_user_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dawid"}},review_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DziÄki LingoDeer udaÅo mi siÄ w koÅcu zrozumieÄ pismo koreaÅskie i podstawy japoÅskiego. Teraz rozumiem smsy od moich wspóÅpracowników z zagranicy."}},review_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
11],s:"To wspaniaÅe uczucie, gdy oglÄ dasz film i nie czytasz napisów, a wciÄ Å¼ rozumiesz, co siÄ dzieje. DziÄkuje, LingoDeer â¥"}},review_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Apka na piÄ tkÄ z plusem! Możesz uczyÄ siÄ kilku jÄzyków w rozsÄ dnej cenie, dużo niższej niż w szkole jÄzykowej"}},product_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rodzina LingoDeer"}},product_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Naucz siÄ japoÅskiego, koreaÅskiego, mandaryÅskiego i innych jÄzyków z LingoDeer. Skup siÄ na jÄzyku codziennym, nie tym szkolnym!"}},product_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wzmocnij swoje zdolnoÅÄ jÄzykowe dziÄki interaktywnym grom dostÄpnym w dowolnym miejscu i dowolnym czasie!"}},product_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Angielski dla dzieci. Pozwól dzieciakom opanowaÄ angielski za pomocÄ Åwietnych gier fonicznych!"}},change_language_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ChciaÅbyÅ nauczyÄ siÄ tego po angielsku?"}},change_language_confirm_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polska wersja bÄdzie dostÄpna niedÅugo."}},learn_in_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ucz siÄ po angielsku"}},terms_of_service:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Warunki korzystania"}},privacy_policy:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polityka PrywatnoÅci"}},dialogue_warm_up:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rozgrzewka dialogowa"}},dialogue_practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Äwiczenie dialogu"}},complete_the_dialogue:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UzupeÅnij dialog"}},replay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JESZCZE RAZ"}},redo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"POWTÃRZ"}},change_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZmieÅ hasÅo"}},old_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Stare hasÅo"}},new_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nowe hasÅo"}},confirm_new_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zatwierdź nowe hasÅo"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zatwierdź"}},success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SUKCES!"}},the_previous_password_is_incorrect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Poprzednie hasÅo jest niepoprawne"}},two_password_are_inconsistent:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Te dwa hasÅa nie sÄ ze sobÄ zgodne."}},delete_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UsuÅ konto"}},delete_account_prompt:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`JesteÅ pewien? Wszystkie dane oraz postÄpy przypisane do tego konta zostanÄ caÅkowicie usuniÄte. CzynnoÅci tej nie można cofnÄ Ä. 12JeÅli masz aktywnÄ subskrypcjÄ, anuluj automatyczne wznawianie przed usuniÄciem konta.`}},keep_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zachowaj konto"}},use_keyboard:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Użyj klawiatury."}},use_word_bank:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Użyj banku sÅów."}},mf_audio_switch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Paczka z gÅosami"}},setting_voice_prompt:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybrana przez Ciebie paczka gÅosowa to: %s. JeÅli któreÅ z plików audio nie bÄdÄ w niej dostÄpne, użyjemy automatycznie alternatywnych plików."}},male:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"MÄżczyzna"}},female:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kobieta"}},MON:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PON"}},TUE:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WTO"}},WED:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÅRO"}},THU:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"CZW"}},FRI:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PIÄ"}},SAT:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SOB"}},SUN:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NIE"}},please_complete_the_previous_lesson_to_unlock:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Prosimy o ukoÅczenie poprzednich lekcji."}},change_email:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},current_email:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},new_email:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},current_password:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},email_change_success:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_table:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tabela pinyin"}},kana_table:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tabela kana"}},hangul_table:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tabela hangulu"}},hangul_table_simple:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hangul_table_complex:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hangul_table_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},scoring:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Oceniamy wÅaÅnie Twoje nagranie..."}}},buy:{premium_plans_for_lingodeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plany Premium LingoDeer"}},premium_plans_for_lingodeer_plus:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plany Premium LingoDeer Plus"}},structured_learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zaplanowana nauka"}},clear_understanding:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rozumienie bez trudnoÅci"}},convenient_settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wygodne ustawienia"}},monthly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"MIESIÄCZNY"}},quarterly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KWARTALNY"}},yearly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ROCZNY"}},lifetime:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NA CAÅE Å»YCIE"}},one_time_payment:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JEDNORAZOWA PÅATNOÅÄ"}},get_it_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KUP TERAZ"}},plans_for_lingodeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plany LingoDeer"}},plans_for_lingodeer_plus:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plany LingoDeer Plus"}},faq:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"FAQ - NajczÄÅciej zadawane pytania"}},ld_q_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy mogÄ uczyÄ siÄ wiÄcej niż jednego jÄzyka z LingoDeer?"}},ld_a_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tak! Z każdym planem czÅonkowskim LingoDeer otrzymasz dostÄp do wszystkich aktualnie dostÄpnych kursów jÄzykowych."}},ld_q_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy mogÄ korzystaÄ z LingoDeer na kilku urzÄ dzeniach?"}},ld_a_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tak! Możesz korzystaÄ z LingoDeer na iOS, Androidzie i w przeglÄ darce (%s). Twoje postÄpy bÄdÄ automatycznie synchronizowane na wszystkich urzÄ dzeniach."}},ld_q_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy dostanÄ zwrot pieniÄdzy, jeÅli zmieniÄ zdanie?"}},ld_a_4_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Oferujemy 7-dniowÄ gwarancjÄ zwrotu pieniÄdzy przy zakupie dostÄpu na tej stronie lub przez aplikacjÄ na Androidzie. JeÅli dokonujesz zakupu przez Apple, skontaktuj siÄ z nimi po zwrot pieniÄdzy."}},ld_a_4_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Po wiÄcej informacji, przeczytaj to: <a href="https://lingodeer.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/61000194347-
12how-do-i-get-a-refund-" target="_blank">Jak otrzymaÄ zwrot pieniÄdzy?</a>'}},order_summary:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Podsumowanie zamówienia"}},account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto:"}},userid:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nazwa użytkownika:"}},start_date:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Data rozpoczÄcia:"}},auto_renew:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Automatyczne wznowienie:"}},select_other_plan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz inny plan"}},selected_plan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybrany plan:"}},total_price:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cena ÅÄ
cznie:"}},checkout:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PRZEJDŹ DO PÅATNOÅCI"}},result_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÅatnoÅÄ zakoÅczona sukcesem"}},result_subtitle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gratulacje, drogi jelonku! JesteÅ teraz użytkownikiem Premium LingoDeer!"}},username:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nazwa użytkownika:"}},email:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"E-mail:"}},sign_in_method:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Metoda logowania:"}},Email:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"e-mail i hasÅo"}},Apple:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Apple"}},Google:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Google"}},Facebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Facebook"}},account_type:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Typ konta:"}},free:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wersja darmowa (dostÄp ograniczony)"}},premium:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Premium"}},premium_lifetime:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Premium (DostÄp na zawsze)"}},success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SUKCES!"}},redirect_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Przekieruj teraz..."}},result_tips_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aktualizacja statusu czÅonkowskiego może zajÄ
Ä naszemu systemowi 2-3 minuty."}},result_tips_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"JeÅli masz jakiekolwiek pytania, skontaktuj siÄ z nami na: [email protected]"}},refresh:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"odÅwież"}},payType:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Payment method:"}},payment_method:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Metoda pÅatnoÅci:"}}},review:{_5_min_quiz:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Szybki quiz"}},_5_min_quiz_audio_based:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Szybki quiz (oparty na audio)"}},_5_min_quiz_video_based:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Szybki quiz (oparty na wideo)"}},vocabulary:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SÅownictwo"}},grammar:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gramatyka"}},flashcards:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fiszki"}},knowledge_cards:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Karty Wiedzy"}},there_s_nothing_here_yet_please_start_your_first_lesson:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tu nic nie ma. ZaczÄ
Ä naukÄ!"}},custom:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dostosuj"}},all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WSZYSTKO"}},shuffle20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kart 20"}},shuffle40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kart 40"}},weakOnly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tylko sÅabe strony"}},favorite:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LubiÄ"}},for_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Na przykÅad:"}},new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nowy"}},weak:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SÅabo"}},good:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dobrze"}},perfect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Idealnie"}},number_of_cards:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liczba kart"}},unit_to_practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ModuÅ(y)"}},practice_focused_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZawartoÅÄ"}},_s_units:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%s moduÅy"}},show_answer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pokaż"}},display_in:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pokazuj"}},audio_auto_play:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Autoplay Audio"}},translation:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TÅumaczenie"}},audio:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Audio"}},off:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WYÅÄCZONE"}},before_answer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Przed odpowiedziÄ
"}},after_answer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Po odpowiedzi"}},test_check:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SPRAWDŹ"}},correct:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dobrze"}},wrong:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"źle"}},answered_correctly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"liczba poprawnych odpowiedzi"}},accuracy:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"poprawnoÅÄ"}},time_spent:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czas caÅkowity"}},what_i_missed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Co byÅo źle?"}},breakdown:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"STRESZCZENIE"}},congratulations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gratulacje!"}},new_high_score_achieved:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nowy rekord!"}},practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Äwicz"}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Start"}},finish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KONIEC"}},retry:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powtórz"}},new_review_SRS:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZapamiÄtywanie"}},new_review_Practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukierunkowane Äwiczenia"}},new_flashcards_card_due:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kart do przeglÄ
dniÄcia"}},srs:{custom_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powtórka niestandardowa"}},fading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SÅabo"}}
vendor: 8,516 bytes, lines 12-39
12,reinforcing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Do lekkiej powtórki"}},mastered:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Opanowane"}},new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nowe"}},in_progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"w trakcie"}},srs_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powtórki SRS"}},cards_per_session:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liczba kart w tej sesji"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PotwierdzaÄ"}},srs_vs:{_custom_reviews:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS i powtórki niestandardowe"}}},mastery:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Poziom opanowania"}},review_progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Powtórki i ich postÄpy"}},srs_status_smin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"za %smin"}},srs_status_shr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"za %sgodz"}},srs_status_sd:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"za %sdz"}},srs_status_smo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"za %smies"}},srs_status_syr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"za %sr"}}},no_favorites:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tu nic nie ma."}}},start:{metaInfo:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"LingoDeer: Ucz siÄ "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" z ÅatwoÅciÄ "}]}},description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Ucz siÄ "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" w przemyÅlany sposób z praktycznymi, krótkimi lekcjami oraz nagraniami od rodzimych użytkowników jÄzyka [Ocena aplikacji to 4.0 na App Store]"}]}}},slogan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Opanuj "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" od zupeÅnych podstaw â wraz z naszym przemyÅlanym kursem "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:", specjalnie dla osób mówiÄ cych po "},{t:4,k:"userLang"}]}},subtitle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Zacznij czytaÄ, sÅuchaÄ, oraz rozmawiaÄ po "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dziÄki szczegóÅowym objaÅnieniom gramatycznym oraz przewodnikom po wymowie."}]}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZACZNIJ UCZYÄ SIÄ JUÅ» TERAZ"}},slogan_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Najefektywniejszy sposób uczenia siÄ "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" online"}]}},feature_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"SzczegóÅowe objaÅnienia "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" gramatyki"}]}},feature_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Zapomnij o zgadywaniu i toczÄ cym siÄ w kóÅko zapamiÄtywaniu! LingoDeer nauczy CiÄ krok po kroku "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" gramatyki w praktycznym wydaniu, tak, by Twoja pewnoÅÄ siebie w używaniu jÄzyka wskoczyÅa na wyższy poziom."}]}},feature_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nagrania od rodzimych użytkowników jÄzyka"}},feature_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Od GÅównego Kursu, aż po Rozmówki dla PodróżujÄ cych, wszystkie zdania oraz sÅowa w kursie "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" sÄ wypowiadane przez prawdziwych, rodzimych użytkowników jÄzyka. Nie ma tu mowy o mogÄ cych irytowaÄ CiÄ w trakcie nauki robotycznych nagraniach TTS."}]}},feature_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Naucz siÄ "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dziÄki 10 minutom dziennie"}]}},feature_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Nie musisz byÄ peÅnoetatowym studentem, by nauczyÄ siÄ dobrze "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:": krótkie lekcje oraz quizzy od LingoDeer sÄ wrÄcz idealne dla zabieganych ludzi."}]}},feature_title_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"MożliwoÅÄ nauki offline"}},feature_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Możesz pobraÄ caÅy kurs "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" za pomocÄ tylko jednego klikniÄcia i uczyÄ siÄ dziÄki temu kiedy i gdziekolwiek tylko chcesz, z lub bez poÅÄ czenia internetowego."}]}},slogan_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Naucz siÄ "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" z Lingo Deer"}]}},faq:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NajczÄÅciej zadawane pytania"}},faq_question_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Jak wielu jÄzyków mogÄ nauczyÄ siÄ dziÄki LingoDeer?"}},faq_answer_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Każdy użytkownik ma dostÄp do każdego z naszych kursów jÄzykowych - co oznacza, że możesz nauczyÄ siÄ tylu jÄzyków z tych, jakie oferujemy, ile tylko Ci potrzeba: 13 14- Arabski 15- ChiÅski 16- Angielski 17- Francuski (Standardowy) 18- Francuski (Przyspieszony) 19- Niemiecki 20- Grecki 21- Hindi 22- Indonezyjski 23- WÅoski 24- JapoÅski 25- KoreaÅski 26- Malajski 27- Polski 28- Portugalski (Brazylia) 29- Rosyjski 30- HiszpaÅski (Hiszpania) 31- HiszpaÅski (Ameryka ÅaciÅska) 32- Tajski 33- Turecki 34- UkraiÅski 35- Wietnamski`}},faq_question_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy można uzyskaÄ z LingoDeer pÅynnoÅÄ jÄzykowÄ ?"}},faq_answer_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Krótka odpowiedź: tak! 36 37DÅuga odpowiedź: zależy, jaka dokÅadnie jest Twoja definicja "pÅynnoÅci". 38 39Å»adna aplikacja nie sprawi, że zaczniesz mówiÄ nagle jak rodzimy użytkownik jÄzyka, a przynajmniej nie wtedy, gdy używasz tylko niej. LingoDeer może Ci jednak pomóc w zrozumieniu najpraktyczniejszych zasad gramatycznych oraz w poszerzeniu zasobu sÅownictwa, od poziomu caÅkowicie poczÄ tkujÄ cego, aż po ten Åredniozaawansowany. Uzyskanie pÅynnoÅci jÄzykowej z pewnoÅciÄ stanie siÄ dziÄki temu jedynie kwestiÄ czasu i praktyki.`}},faq_question_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Czy mogÄ używaÄ LingoDeer na wielu urzÄ dzeniach?"}},faq_answer_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Tak! Możesz używaÄ LingoDeer na iOS, Androidzie, oraz przeglÄ darce ("},{t:4,k:"websiteLink"},{t:3,v:"). 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Ważne jest czÄste korzystanie z tego systemu, by wszystko zostaÅo zapamiÄtane na dÅużej. 58\\n\\n 59Możesz korzystaÄ też z powtórek niestandardowych, jeÅli chcesz ÄwiczyÄ wiÄcej i skupiÄ siÄ bardziej na konkretnych rozdziaÅach, sÅówkach lub zdaniach. 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c siÄ, akceptujesz nasze %s i %a."}},login_fail_user_not_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ups, nie udaÅo nam siÄ znaleÅºÄ konta poÅÄ
czonego z tym e-mailem. Prosimy o zarejestrowanie siÄ."}},login_fail_wrong_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HasÅo jest nieprawidÅowe."}},followers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ObserwujÄ
cy"}},last_used:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ostatnio użyto"}},animation_ip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Animacja"}},you_need_to_log_in_to_use:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},not_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie teraz."}},no_thanks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie, dziÄkujÄ"}},wait_dont_go:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zaczekaj, jeszcze tylko chwilka!"}},just_2_minutes_left_are_you_sure_you_want_to_quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZostaÅy tylko 2 minuty! Na pewno chcesz wyjÅÄ?"}},keep_learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KONTYNUUJ NAUKÄ"}},end_session:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WYJDŹ"}},order_useMember_title:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},order_useMember_info:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},order_useMember_btn_text:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},srs_flashcards:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Fiszki"}},auth:{password_incorrect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NieprawidÅowe hasÅo"}},account_not_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto nie istnieje"}},account_unavailable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto jest niedostÄpne"}},account_temporarily_locked:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"To konto zostaÅo tymczasowo zablokowane"}},email_login_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Logowanie za pomocÄ
adresu e-mail nie powiodÅo siÄ"}},email_already_registered:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto z tym adresem e-mail już istnieje"}},email_register_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rejestracja za pomocÄ
adresu e-mail nie powiodÅa siÄ"}},reset_email_send_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie udaÅo siÄ wysÅaÄ wiadomoÅci e-mail do resetowania hasÅa. Spróbuj ponownie później."}},email_register_success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto zostaÅo utworzone."}},email_register_success_signin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Konto utworzone. Zaloguj siÄ."}},password_reset_social_account:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},password_reset_social_account_generic:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}},command:{error:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WYCHODZÄ"}}},srs:{continue_reviewing_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
59],s:"ZdobÄdziesz wiÄcej PD, jeÅli zostaniesz na troszkÄ dÅużej!"}},continue_reviewing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZOSTAJÄ"}},practice_listening:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - SÅuchanie"}},practice_speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Mówienie"}},practice_comprehensive:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - PeÅne rozumienie"}},practice_spelling:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Pisownia"}}},course:{unavailable:{for_locale:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Kurs "},{t:4,k:"target"},{t:3,v:" nie jest jeszcze dostÄpny dla osób mówiÄ
cych w jÄzyku "},{t:4,k:"local"}]}},desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Możesz przeglÄ
daÄ inne kursy dostÄpne w jÄzyku interfejsu:"}},action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PrzeglÄ
daj wszystkie kursy"}},guide:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}}},unit:{not_found:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie znaleziono jednostki"}},action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WrÃ³Ä do kursu"}},desc:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}}},target_not_found:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Nie znaleziono kursu "},{t:4,k:"target"}]}},desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Możesz wróciÄ do obecnego kursu lub przeglÄ
daÄ inne dostÄpne kursy:"}}}},understand_your_score:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zrozumienie Twojej Oceny"}},score:{perfect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Perfekcyjny"}},great:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dobry"}},notbad:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie taki zÅy"}},keep:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dalej tak trzymaÄ"}}},change_avatar:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZmieÅ zdjÄcie profilowe"}},change_avatar_hint:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dotknij zdjÄcia profilowego, aby przesÅaÄ obraz w formacie JPG lub PNG (maks. 2 MB)."}},tell_me_why:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dlaczego?"}},travel_items:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},travel_phrasebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rozmówki dla podróżujÄ
cych"}},travel_phrasebook_info:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},setting:{enableVideos:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wideo od rodzimych użytkowników jÄzyka"}}},validation:{emailRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz adres e-mail."}},invalidEmail:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz prawidÅowy adres e-mail."}},passwordRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz hasÅo."}},passwordMinLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HasÅo musi zawieraÄ co najmniej 6 znaków."}},captchaRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz kod CAPTCHA."}},captchaNotMatch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NieprawidÅowy kod CAPTCHA."}},nicknameRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz pseudonim."}},nicknameMinLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pseudonim musi mieÄ co najmniej 2 znaki."}},nicknameMaxLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pseudonim może mieÄ maksymalnie 20 znaków."}},confirmPasswordRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Potwierdź hasÅo."}},passwordMismatch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HasÅa nie sÄ
zgodne."}}},learning_preferences:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Preferencje nauki"}},script_style_in_exercises:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"W Äwiczeniach"}},script_style_in_correct_answers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"W poprawnych odpowiedziach"}},course_question_preference_section_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Spersonalizuj ten typ Äwiczenia"}},course_question_preference_audio_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Audio"}},course_question_preference_video_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wideo"}},course_question_preference_audio_auto_play:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Autoodtwarzanie"}},course_question_preference_audio_tap_to_play:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij, by odtworzyÄ"}},course_question_preference_translation_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TÅumaczenie"}},course_question_preference_visibility_always_visible:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zawsze pokazuj"}},course_question_preference_visibility_tap_to_reveal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kliknij, by pokazaÄ"}},course_question_preference_option_tap_audio_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Odtwórz audio na kafelkach opcji"}},course_question_preference_original_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JÄzyk docelowy"}},course_question_preference_reset_action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zresetuj preferencje"}},textsize:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rozmiar czcionki"}},default_font_label:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DomyÅlne"}},user:{nickname:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nazwa użytkownika"}},status_settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ustawienia statusu"}}},course_question_preference_reset_language_action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zresetuj preferencje dot. ÄwiczeÅ"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ostrzeżenia"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_confirm_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Czy chcesz zresetowaÄ preferencje ÄwiczeÅ w "},{t:4,k:"language"},{t:3,v:"?"}]}},course_question_preference_reset_language_success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZresetowaliÅmy Twoje preferencje dot. ÄwiczeÅ!"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_error:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie udaÅo siÄ zresetowaÄ. Spróbuj ponownie później."}},translation_view_literal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zobacz dosÅowne tÅumaczenie"}},translation_literal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DosÅowne tÅumaczenie"}},translation_free:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Znaczenie"}}
59,avatar_image_size_exceeded:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Rozmiar obrazu nie może przekraczaÄ 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odpowiednie pary"}},jp_syllable_question_listen:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
59],s:"Kliknij w to, co sÅyszysz"}},jp_syllable_question_audio:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz wÅaÅciwe nagranie"}},jp_syllable_question_match_audio:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_spell:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz to, co sÅyszysz"}},jp_syllable_question_match_hiragana:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_match_romaji:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_trace:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Napisz znak"}},jp_syllable_before_you_start:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},japanese_writing:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},the_japanese_writing_system_consists_of_three_different_systems_hiragana_katakana_and_kanji_for_example_this_simple_japanese_sentence_below_i_buy_a_television_includes_all_of_the_three:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hiragana:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hiragana_originates_from_the_cursive_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_the_form_of_hiragana_is_round_and_smooth_without_any_sharp_angles_hiragana_is_a_phonetic_lettering_system_it_can_be_used_to_represent_the_pronunciation_of_a_kanji_as_well_as_used_alone_as_a_character_in_writing_when_hiragana_is_used_as_a_character_on_its_own_it_can_be_a_segment_of_a_word_or_a_grammatical_element_in_a_sentence_such_as_a_particle:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},kanji:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},there_are_massive_amounts_of_kanji_in_the_japanese_language_that_are_almost_identical_in_appearance_with_chinese_characters_yet_with_completely_different_pronunciations_and_denotations:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hiragana_placed_above_a_kanji_is_called_furigana_which_indicates_the_pronunciation_of_the_kanji_as_in_the_examples_below:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_vowels:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_constant:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_constants:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_silent:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_14:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_15:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}
59,ko_syllable_lesson13_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_14:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_word_reads_like:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},choose_the_correct_hangul:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},type_what_you_hear:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},choose_the_correct_audio:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},type_the_pronunciation:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},phase_one:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hangul_letters:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},phase_two:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},sound_change_rules:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},junp_to:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},syllable_review:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},sound_change_rules_locked_message:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_what_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},_s_sound:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},tones:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},what_s_pinyin:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_is_the_romanization_of_the_chinese_characters_based_on_their_pronunciation_it_uses_25_letters_of_26_letters_of_the_roman_alphabet_although_it_s_the_first_time_you_read_pinyin_you_will_be_able_to_guess_50_of_them_correctly_cause_the_symbols_are_quite_the_same_as_english:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},this_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},this_is_character:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_three_parts:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},generally_pinyin_syllable_consists_of_three_parts_initial_final_and_tone_please_tap_to_listen_each_part:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},_s_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},mostly_a_syllable_starts_with_an_initial_there_are_23_initials_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},the_final_follows_the_initial_in_a_syllable_there_are_35_finals_6_are_simple_finals_and_29_are_compound_finals:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},simple_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},compound_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},chinese_is_a_tonal_language_the_same_syllable_with_differeent_tone_has_different_meaning_there_are_four_tones_and_a_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},first:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},second:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},third:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},fourth:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},neutral:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_5_finals_starting_with_a_nfinals_start_with_a:{t
59:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},finals_start_with_a_in_pinyin_has_a_main_sound_a_like_a_in_father_rather_than_a_in_apple_nso_if_you_can_tell_the_difference_between_pinyin_dan_dan_and_english_dan_d_n_you_will_master_all_syllables_with_finals_a:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_the_following_games_you_will_practice_8_simple_initials_combined_with_the_finals_start_with_a:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_2_desc:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_2_desc_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_2_tips:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_3_desc:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_3_desc_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_3_tips:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_4_desc_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_4_desc_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_4_tips:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_5_desc:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_5_desc_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_lesson_5_tips:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_4_finals_starting_with_nfinals_start_with:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},_1_final_u_and_has_completely_different_sound_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},_2_when_finals_are_combined_with_initial_j_q_x_letter_will_be_changed_into_u_but_the_the_sound_stays_the_same_as_finals_for_example:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},_3_when_a_syllable_starts_with_final_y_will_be_placed_at_the_beginning_of_the_syllable_and_will_be_changed_into_u_for_example:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_tones_in_chinese_nthere_are_4_main_tones_and_one_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},first_tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},eg:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},second_tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},third_tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},fourth_tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},neutral_tone:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},no_mark:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},the_tone_mark_will_be_placed_on_the_top_of_main_vowel_of_a_syllable_in_a_compound_finals_a_o_e_i_u_which_means_for_ai_a_is_the_main_vowel_and_the_tone_mark_with_be_placed_on_it:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_table:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_a_in_father:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_an_in_woman:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ang_in_mango:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_aren_in_arent:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ay_in_lay:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_b_in_bed:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ch_in_teacher:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_d_dog:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_d_in_dog:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ds_in_kids:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ee_in_tee:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_en_in_english:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_f_in_four:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_g_in_good:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_g_in_merge:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_h_in_hero:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_i_in_pin_plus_ong_in_long:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_icon_in_million:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_inn:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ir_in_girl:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_j_in_jeep:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_k_in_king:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_l_in_lady:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_m_in_money:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_n_in_nest:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oh:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_one:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ong_in_long:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_a_in_father:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_un_in_uncle:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_ung_in_hung:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oun_in_wound:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ow_in_how:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_p_in_pig:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_q_in_chin:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_r_in_raw:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_r_letter_name:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_s_in_see:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_round_lips_and_add_eh:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_and_add_n:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_and_an_in_woman:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_in_german_or_french:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_sh_in_shirt:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_sh_in_shy:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_t_in_top:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ts_in_pants:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ung_in_hung:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_w_in_war:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_wa_in_watch:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_way:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_why:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_y_in_my:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_y_in_yes:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ya_in_hi_ya:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ye_in_yes:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_you:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_young:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_the_following_games_you_will_also_get_a_chance_to_practice_these_initials:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pronunce_to_finals_soft_and_short:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wymawiaj sylabÄ lekko i krótko."}},a_how_long_will_you_stay_in_china_nb_mmm_about_two_weeks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Utrzymuj gÅos wysoko i równo. Nie podnoÅ ani nie opuszczaj tonu."}},a_how_is_your_trip_to_china_nb_mmm_i_ve_never_been_to_china:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij od Åredniego tonu i stopniowo unieÅ gÅos."}},to_express_doubt_or_disbelief_n_mmm_i_don_t_think_so:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij od Åredniego tonu, opuÅÄ gÅos do najniższego punktu, a nastÄpnie wrÃ³Ä do Åredniego tonu."}},a_i_ve_won_the_first_prize_nb_mmm_well_done:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zacznij wysoko i szybko opuÅÄ gÅos do niskiego tonu."}},pay_attention_to_mmm_in_blue_it_helps_you_simulate_tones_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_listen:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_choice:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_build:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybierz wÅaÅciwy Pinyin"}},cn_pinyin_initial:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TEST"}},cn_pinyin_lesson_unavailable:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_lesson_list:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Äwiczenia z pinyinu"}},ko_syllable:{sound_change_locked:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},placement_description:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},placement_test:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},handwriting:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},letters:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}},sorry_let_s_go_through_the_lessons_and_try_again_later:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Przejrzyj najpierw lekcje hangulu i spróbuj ponownie później."}},srs_future_reviews_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ZarzÄ
dzaj harmonogramem SRS"}},srs_future_reviews_feature_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dostosuj terminy lub ukryj elementy, aby zarzÄ
dzaÄ harmonogramem SRS."}},srs_future_reviews_empty:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},srs_future_reviews_mode_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"czas"}},srs_future_reviews_mode_unit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rozdziaÅ"}},srs_days_value:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"days"},{t:3,v:" dzieÅ(/dni)"}]}},srs_adjust_next_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dostosuj czas powtórki"}}
59,srs_adjust_next_review_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wybrane elementy pojawiÄ
siÄ za:"}},srs_range_1_7d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1-7dni"}},srs_range_7_14d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7-14dni"}},srs_range_14_30d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"14-30dni"}},srs_range_1_3mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1-3mies"}},srs_range_3_6mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3-6mies"}},srs_range_6_12mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6-12mies"}},srs_range_over_12mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:">12mies"}},srs_days_chip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"days"},{t:3,v:" dzieÅ(/dni)"}]}},srs_future_reviews_search_hint:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wpisz, aby wyszukaÄ"}},srs_future_reviews_search_empty:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nie znaleziono dopasowaÅ"}},srs_future_reviews_tab_hidden:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukryte"}},srs_future_reviews_tab_empty:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Brak elementów w tej kategorii"}},srs_future_reviews_action_show:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pokaż ponownie"}},srs_future_reviews_hidden_label:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukryte"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_toggle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukryj z SRS i Ukierunkowanych ÄwiczeÅ"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukryte elementy nie pojawiÄ
siÄ w SRS ani w Ukierunkowanych Äwiczeniach."}},srs_future_reviews_tab_words_expressions:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SÅowa i wyrażenia"}},srs_future_reviews_action_adjust:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dostosuj"}},srs_future_reviews_action_hide:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukryj"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UkryÄ wybrane elementy?"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_confirm_message:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" wybranych elementów nie pojawi siÄ w SRS ani w Ukierunkowanych Äwiczeniach."}]}},srs_future_reviews_selected_count:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Wybrano "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:"d"}]}},srs_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nowe"}},srs_filter_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Wszystko"}},srs_filter_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nowe"}},srs_filter_custom_range:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zakres niestandardowy"}},srs_future_reviews_date_range_start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Data poczÄ
tkowa"}},srs_future_reviews_date_range_end:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Data koÅcowa"}},offline_select_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zaznacz wszystko"}},offline_deselect_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Odznacz"}},today:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dzisiaj"}},cancel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anuluj"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Potwierdź"}},characters:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Znaki"}}};export{n as default};
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.