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Russell, Ph.D.">Andrew L. Russell, Ph.D.</a></h3></section></div> </div> 193 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d052931 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-tablet__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-aux_menu_box" data-id="d052931" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="aux_menu_box.default"> 194 <div class="aux-elementor-header-menu aux-nav-menu-element aux-nav-menu-element-d052931"><div class="aux-burger-box" data-target-panel="overlay" data-target-content=".elementor-element-d052931 .aux-master-menu"><div class="aux-burger aux-lite-small"><span class="mid-line"></span></div></div><!-- start master menu --> 195<nav id="master-menu-elementor-d052931" class="menu-main-container"> 196 197 <ul id="menu-main" class="aux-master-menu aux-no-js aux-skin-classic aux-with-indicator aux-horizontal" data-type="horizontal" data-switch-type="toggle" data-switch-parent=".elementor-element-d052931 .aux-fs-popup .aux-fs-menu" data-switch-width="768" > 198 <!-- start single menu --> 199 <li id="menu-item-365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-365 aux-menu-depth-0 aux-menu-root-1 aux-menu-item"> 200 <a href="https://arussell.org/the-innovation-delusion/" class="aux-item-content"> 201 <span class="aux-menu-label">The Innovation Delusion</span> 202 </a> 203 </li> 204 <!-- end single menu --> 205 <!-- start single menu --> 206 <li id="menu-item-150" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-150 aux-menu-depth-0 aux-menu-root-2 aux-menu-item"> 207 <a href="https://arussell.org/open/" class="aux-item-content"> 208 <span class="aux-menu-label">Open Standards and the Digital Age</span> 209 </a> 210 </li> 211 <!-- end single menu --> 212 <!-- start single menu --> 213 <li id="menu-item-89" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-2 current_page_item menu-item-89 aux-menu-depth-0 aux-menu-root-3 aux-menu-item"> 214 <a href="https://arussell.org/research-pub/" class="aux-item-content"> 215 <span class="aux-menu-label">Research & Publications</span> 216 </a> 217 </li> 218 <!-- end single menu --> 219 <!-- start single menu -->
220 <li id="menu-item-88" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88 aux-menu-depth-0 aux-menu-root-4 aux-menu-item"> 221 <a href="https://arussell.org/teaching/" class="aux-item-content"> 222 <span class="aux-menu-label">Teaching</span> 223 </a> 224 </li> 225 <!-- end single menu --> 226 </ul> 227 228</nav> 229<!-- end master menu --> 230<section class="aux-fs-popup aux-fs-menu-layout-center aux-indicator"><div class="aux-panel-close"><div class="aux-close aux-cross-symbol aux-thick-medium"></div></div><div class="aux-fs-menu" data-menu-title=""></div></section></div><style>@media only screen and (min-width: 769px) { .elementor-element-d052931 .aux-burger-box { display: none } }</style> </div> 231 </div> 232 </div> 233 </div> 234 </section> 235 </div> 236 </div><!-- end of header-elements --> 237 </div><!-- end of wrapper --> 238 </header><!-- end header --> 239 <header id="site-title" class="page-title-section"> 240 241 <div class="page-header aux-wrapper aux-auto-height aux-boxed-container aux-left aux-top aux-dark" style="display:block; " > 242 243 244 <div class="aux-container" > 245 246 <p class="aux-breadcrumbs"><span><a href="https://arussell.org" title="Home">Home</a></span><span class="aux-breadcrumb-sep breadcrumb-icon auxicon-chevron-right-1"></span><span>Research & Publications</span></p> 247 248 <div class="aux-page-title-entry"> 249 <div class="aux-page-title-box"> 250 <section class="page-title-group" > 251 <h1 class="page-title">Research & Publications</h1> 252 </section> 253 254 </div> 255 </div><!-- end title entry --> 256 </div> 257 258 259 </div><!-- end page header --> 260 </header> <!-- end page header --> 261 262 <main id="main" class="aux-main aux-territory aux-single aux-page aux-boxed-container aux-content-top-margin no-sidebar aux-sidebar-style-border aux-user-entry" > 263 <div class="aux-wrapper"> 264 <div class="aux-container aux-fold"> 265 266 <div id="primary" class="aux-primary" > 267 <div class="content" role="main" > 268 269 270 271 272 <article id="post-2" class="post-2 page type-page status-publish hentry"> 273 274 <div class="entry-main"> 275 276 <div class="entry-content"> 277 278 <h6>My research focuses on technology as a lens for exploring the ways that humans act collectively to govern themselves. Communication technologies provide a rich body of evidence for exploring how Americans expressed their political and cultural values and embedded those values in the laws, technical standards, and governing institutions of communications networks.</h6> 279<h6>Standardization is a compelling topic because it forces us to confront some of the fundamental questions that concern historians of science, technology, and business. How do groups of individuals work together to create technical knowledge? How do scientists, corporations, and regulators coordinate the processes of research and innovation? How much cooperation is necessary to facilitate competition? These questions also speak to broader areas of inquiry for historians of politics and ideas, and have implications for scholars in a variety of disciplines, including law, economics, sociology, communication, and public policy.</h6> 280<p> </p> 281<h6><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Publications<br /> 282</strong></span></h6> 283<h6><a title="Research & Publications" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-american-history/open-standards-and-digital-age-history-ideology-and-networks" target="_blank"><em>Open Standards and the Digital Age: History, Ideology, and Networks</em></a> (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).</h6> 284<h6>“<a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/osi-the-internet-that-wasnt" target="_blank">OSI: The Internet That Wasn’t</a>,” <em>IEEE Spectrum</em> 50 (August 2013).</h6> 285<h6>“<a href="https://arussell.org/papers/alr_ASIST.pdf" target="_blank">Bancroft Gherardi and the Monopoly Bell System: Pioneers in Information Technology Standardization</a>,” in Toni Carbo and Trudi Bellardo Hahn, eds., <i>International Perspectives on the History of Information Science and Technology</i><em></em> (2012).</h6> 286<h6>“<a href="http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/an/2012/03/man2012030080.html" target="_blank">Standards, Networks, and Critique</a>,” <em>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</em> 34:3 (2012): 78-80.</h6> 287<h6>“<a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/libraries_and_culture/toc/lac.47.3.html" target="_blank">Modularity: An Interdisciplinary History of an Ordering Concept</a>,” <em>Information and Culture: A Journal of History</em> 47:3 (2012): 257-287.</h6> 288<h6>“Constructing Legitimacy: the W3C’s Patent Policy,” in Laura DeNardis, ed., <a href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=12730" target="_blank"><em>Opening Standards: The Global Politics of Interoperability</em></a> (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2011).</h6> 289<h6>“<a href="http://es.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/khp038" target="_blank">‘Industrial Legislatures’: Consensus Standardization in the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions</a>,” <em>Enterprise and Society</em> 10 (2009): 661-674.</h6> 290<h6>â<a href="../papers/Russell_HoT_28_preprint.pdf" target="_blank">Standardization Across the Boundaries of the Bell System, 1920-1938</a>,â <em>History of Technology</em> Volume 28 (James Sumner and Graeme J N Gooday, eds. By Whose Standards? Standardization, stability and uniformity in the history of information and electrical technologies), 2008, 37-52.</h6> 291<h6>âDot-Org Entrepreneurship: Weaving a Web of Trust,â <em>Enterprises et Histoire</em>
291 No. 51 (June, 2008): 44-56. (available upon email request)</h6> 292<h6>“<a href="http://www.iec.ch/about/globalreach/academia/pdf/russell-3.pdf" target="_blank">Industrial Legislatures: The American System of Standardization</a>,” in <em>International Standardization as a Strategic Tool</em> (Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission, 2006). [Commended Paper, IEC Centenary Challenge]</h6> 293<h6>“Industrial Legislatures: The American System of Standardization,” <em>Standards Engineering: The Journal of the Standards Engineering Society</em> Volume 58, Number 5, September/October 2006, 1-10. [First Prize, 2006 World Standards Day Paper Competition]</h6> 294<h6>“<a href="http://www.davidellis.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Russell-running-code.pdf" target="_blank">‘Rough Consensus and Running Code’ and the Internet-OSI Standards War</a>,” <em>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</em> 28:3 (2006): 48-61.</h6> 295<h6>“<a href="../../papers/2006Vol5Prt1_13.pdf" target="_blank">Telecommunications Standards in the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions</a>,” <em>The Journal of the Communications Network</em> 5:1 (January-March 2006): 100-106.</h6> 296<h6>“<a href="../../papers/futuregeneration-russell.pdf" target="_blank">Standardization in History: A Review Essay with an Eye to the Future</a>,” in Sherrie Bolin, ed., <em>The Standards Edge: Future Generations</em> (Ann Arbor, MI: Sheridan Press, 2005), 247-260.</h6> 297<p> </p> 298<h6><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><strong>Oral Histories</strong></strong></span></h6> 299<h6>Oral History Interviews deposited at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.<br /> 300– <a href="http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162412">Andre Danthine</a>, April 6, 2012, Liege, Belgium.<br /> 301– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155670">Gérard Le Lann</a>, April 3, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 302– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155669">Jean-Louis Grangé</a>, April 3, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 303– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155668">Michel Gien</a>, April 3, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 304– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155666">Louis Pouzin</a>, April 2, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 305– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155665">Najah Naffah</a>, April 2, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 306– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155667">Marc Levilion</a>, April 2, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 307– <a href="http://purl.umn.edu/155221">Tilly Bayard-Richard</a>, April 1, 2012, Paris, France.<br /> 308– <a href="http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/113899" target="_blank">David L. Mills</a>, February 24, 2004, Newark, Delaware.</h6> 309<h6><a href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Charles_Bachman" target="_blank">Oral History Interview with Charles Bachman</a>, April 9, 2011, Boston, Massachusetts. <a href="http://www.computer.org/portal/web/volunteercenter/history" target="_blank">IEEE Computer Society History Committee</a>.</h6> 310<p> </p> 311<h6><strong><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Blogs, Essays, and Conference Papers</span><br /> 312</strong></strong></h6> 313<h6><a href="http://americanscience.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-betrayal-of-internet-imaginaire_5253.html" target="_blank">Betrayal of the Internet Imaginaire</a>, American Science team blog, September 12, 2013.</h6> 314<h6><a href="https://arussell.org/papers/russell-SIGCIS-2012.pdf">Histories of Networking vs. the History of the Internet</a>, Paper presented to the SIGCIS 2012 Workshop, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 7, 2012.</h6> 315<h6><a href="http://historyblog.acm.org/?p=9">Oral History Interviews with Pouzin and European Pioneers of Computer Networking</a>, ACM History Committee, April 8, 2012.</h6> 316<h6><a href="http://www.computer.org/portal/documents/3621345/5117753/2011-04-interviewing.pdf">Five Perspectives on Interviewing: A Roundtable Discussion</a> (with Matthias Bärwolff, Andreu Veà , David Walden, and Jeffrey Yost), April 11, 2011. IEEE Computer Society History Committee.</h6> 317<h6><a href="http://marchawayfromgoogle.wordpress.com">March Away From Google: An Experiment in Choice</a>, March 2008 – ?</h6> 318<h6><a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0109056">Ideological and Policy Origins of the Internet, 1957-1969</a>, TPRC 2001: 29<sup>th</sup> Conference on Communication, Information, and Internet Policy, Alexandria, Virginia, October 28, 2001.</h6> 319<p> </p> 320<h6><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><strong>Reviews</strong></strong></span></h6> 321<h6><a href="http://es.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/02/03/es.khu004.full">Review of <em>Instrumental Community: Probe Microscopy and the Path to Nanotechnology</em></a>, by Cyrus C. M. Mody, Enterprise & Society (2014).</h6> 322<h6><a href="http://es.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/4/846.extract" target="_blank">Review of <em>Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Unemployment in the United States</em></a>, by William Lazonick, <em>Enterprise & Society</em> 11 (2010): 846-849.</h6> 323<h6><a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?decade=2010&jid=BHR&volumeId=85&issueId=04&iid=8489416" target="_blank">Review of <em>The HP Phenomenon: Innovation and Business Transformation</em></a>, by Charles House and Raymond Price, <em>The Business History Review</em> 85 (2011): 813-815.</h6> 324<h6><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/technology_and_culture/v050/50.4.russell.html">Review of <em>
324Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software</em></a>, by Christopher Kelty, <i>Technology & Culture</i> 50:4 (2009): 964-966.</h6> 325<p> </p> 326<h6><strong><strong></strong></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Selected Fellowships, Grants, and Awards</strong></span></h6> 327<h6>2014:Â Arthur L. Norberg Travel Grant, <a href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/ntfrecipients.html" target="_blank">Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota</a><br /> 3282013: <a href="https://www.stevens.edu/news/content/stevens-science-and-technology-studies-program-receives-grant-national-institute-standards">Curriculum Development Grant</a>, National Institute for Standards and Technology<br /> 3292013: History Fellowship, <a href="http://history.acm.org/public/public_documents/acm_history_fellows.php" target="_blank">Association for Computing Machinery</a><br /> 3302011: History Fellowship, <a href="http://history.acm.org/public/public_documents/acm_history_fellows.php" target="_blank">Association for Computing Machinery</a><br /> 3312010: History Fund Grant Award, <a href="http://www.asis.org/awards/history_researchgrant_researchpaperaward.html" target="_blank">American Society for Information Science and Technology</a><br /> 3322010:Â Arthur L. Norberg Travel Grant, <a href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/ntfrecipients.html" target="_blank">Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota</a><br /> 3332009:Â Finalist, Herman E. Krooss Prize for the Best Dissertation in Business History<br /> 3342008-2009: <a href="http://www.ieee.org/about/history_center/history_fellowship_winners.html" target="_blank">IEEE Life Membersâ Fellowship in Electrical History</a><br /> 3352007-2008:Â Post Doctoral Fellowship, <a href="http://fhi.duke.edu/projects/annual-seminar/2007-2008-recycle" target="_blank">John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute</a>, Duke University<br /> 3362006-2007:Â The <a href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/research/tomashrecipients.html" target="_blank">Adelle and Erwin Tomash Fellowship in the History of Information Processing</a>, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota<br /> 3372006: Commended Paper, <a href="http://www.iecchallenge.org/papers/" target="_blank">International Electrotechnical Commission Centenary Challenge</a><br /> 3382006:Â First place, <a href="http://www.ses-standards.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=56" target="_blank">World Standards Day Paper Competition</a></h6> 339<div class="clear"></div> 340 </div> <!-- end article section --> 341 342 <footer class="entry-meta"> 343 </footer> <!-- end article footer --> 344 345 </div> 346 347 </article> <!-- end article --> 348 349 350 351 <div class="clear"></div> 352 353 354 <div class="clear"></div> 355 356 357 358<!-- You can start editing here. --> 359 360 361 <!-- If comments are open, but there are no comments. --> 362 363 364 365 366 <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> 367 <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title"><span>Add a Comment</span> <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/research-pub/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://arussell.org/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form "><p class = "comment-notes">Your email address will not be published. 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574<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 575{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://arussell.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.2"}} 576</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 576
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577<script type="module"> 578/*! This file is auto-generated */ 579var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))}); 580//# sourceURL=https://arussell.org/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js 581</script>
581 582<!-- end wp_footer --> 583</body> 584</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.