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1<!doctype html>
2<html lang="en">
3<head>
4	<meta charset="UTF-8" />
5	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
6	<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />
7	<title>Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः ) &#8211; Saurorja</title>
8<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
9<meta name="google-site-verification" content="SAeMYAs4Ga1MLdPZxISc1JpKLsVwKErAMumnleWUOb4" />
10
11<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
12<script id="wpcom_remote_login_js">
13var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = '';
14function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) {
15	var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id );
16	if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); }
17}
18function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) {
19	var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name );
20	for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) {
21		dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] );
22	}
23}
24function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() {
25	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" );
26	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
27	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
28	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" );
29	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" );
30	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" );
31}
32
33// Watch for messages back from the remote login
34window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) {
35	if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) {
36		var data = {};
37		try {
38			data = JSON.parse( e.data );
39		} catch( e ) {
40			wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup();
41			return;
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44		if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) {
45			// Clean up the login check iframe
46			wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
47
48			var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ );
49			var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ );
50			if (
51				token_regex.test( data.token )
52				&& id_regex.test( data.wpcomid )
53			) {
54				// We have everything we need to ask for a login
55				var script = document.createElement( "script" );
56				script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
57				script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate'
58					+ '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid
59					+ '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token )
60					+ '&host=' + window.location.protocol
61					+ '//' + window.location.hostname
62					+ '&postid=1155'
63					+ '&is_singular=';
64				document.body.appendChild( script );
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66
67			return;
68		}
69
70		// Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect
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72			window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href;
73			return;
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76		// Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request
77		if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) {
78			var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }';
79			var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' );
80			style_zap.type = 'text/css';
81			style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) );
82			document.body.appendChild( style_zap );
83
84			var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' );
85			e.parentNode.removeChild( e );
86
87			document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000';
88
89			return;
90		}
91
92		// Safari ITP
93		if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) {
94			console.log( 'request access: safari' );
95
96			// Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob
97			if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) {
98				return;
99			}
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101			// If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP.
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108
109			if ( private_window ) {
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111				return;
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114			var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' );
115			iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe';
116			iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' );
117			iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' );
118			iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid );
119
120			var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } ';
121
122			var style = document.createElement( 'style' );
123			style.type = 'text/css';
124			style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles';
125			style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) );
126			document.body.appendChild( style );
127
128			document.body.appendChild( iframe );
129		}
130
131		if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) {
132			wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup();
133		}
134	}
135}, false );
136
137// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load
138// more critical resources
139window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) {
140	var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" );
141	iframe.style.display = "none";
142	iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" );
143	iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
144	iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php"
145		+ "?wpcom_remote_login=key"
146		+ "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9zYXVyb3JqYS5vcmc%3D"
147		+ "&wpcomid=24049267"
148		+ "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 );
149	document.body.appendChild( iframe );
150}, false );
151</script>
151
152<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' />
153<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' />
154<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' />
155<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
156<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' />
157<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Saurorja &raquo; Feed" href="https://saurorja.org/feed/" />
158<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Saurorja &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://saurorja.org/comments/feed/" />
159<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Saurorja &raquo; Posts by Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः ) Feed" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/feed/" />
160	
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175	<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
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239<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-20-1' href='/_static/??-eJyNjcsKAjEMRX/ImhmUURfip0inLW3GNCmmQfx7H7gRN+7ugcs5cGsuCPfEHaq5RpaRFZbUmw+XD4MaQ5VolBS0+GuKPsb7eyLndVBdwd+iM3KA2ZAiqAT05Eiy6Bf8KHtJ9RkvW8gks6fX4VSP426/mQ7TMA7LA38FSqA=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' />
240<script id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra">
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242//# sourceURL=wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra
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243
244<script id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before">
245var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/"};
246//# sourceURL=jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before
247</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 247
247
248<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/_static/??/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js,/wp-content/blog-plugins/wordads-classes/js/cmp/v2/cmp-non-gdpr.js?m=1780567333j'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 248
248
249<script id="rlt-proxy-js-after">
250	rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} );
251//# sourceURL=rlt-proxy-js-after
252</script>
252
253<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://saurorja.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
254<meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />
255		<!-- Custom Logo: hide header text -->
256		<style id="custom-logo-css">
257			.site-title, .site-description {
258				position: absolute;
259				clip-path: inset(50%);
260			}
261		</style>
262		
263<!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags -->
264<meta property="og:type" content="profile" />
265<meta property="og:title" content="Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )" />
266<meta property="og:url" content="http://saurorja.wordpress.com" />
267<meta property="og:description" content="twitter.com/anand_sivaram
268https://www.linkedin.com/in/anandsivaram/" />
269<meta property="og:site_name" content="Saurorja" />
270<meta property="og:image" content="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/132efd84762a8370b799ab71eaedf7884dda063754f1e54ee093215d18ab9c97?s=200&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=g" />
271<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )" />
272<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
273<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@anand_sivaram" />
274
275<!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags -->
276<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico?m=1713425267i" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" />
277<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico?m=1713425267i" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" />
278<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png?m=1713868326i" />
279<link rel='openid.server' href='https://saurorja.org/?openidserver=1' />
280<link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://saurorja.org/' />
281<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://saurorja.org/osd.xml" title="Saurorja" />
282<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" />
283		<style type="text/css">
284			.recentcomments a {
285				display: inline !important;
286				padding: 0 !important;
287				margin: 0 !important;
288			}
289
290			table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar {
291				border: 0px;
292				margin: 0;
293			}
294
295			table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a {
296				border: 0px !important;
297				background-color: transparent !important;
298			}
299
300			td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop {
301				padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px;
302				margin: 0px;
303			}
304
305			td.recentcommentstextend {
306				border: none !important;
307				padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px;
308			}
309
310			.rtl td.recentcommentstextend {
311				padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px;
312			}
313
314			td.recentcommentstexttop {
315				border: none;
316				padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;
317			}
318
319			.rtl td.recentcommentstexttop {
320				padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;
321			}
322		</style>
323		<meta name="description" content="Read all of the posts by Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः ) on Saurorja" />
324<script>
325var wa_client = {}; wa_client.cmd = []; wa_client.config = { 'blog_id': 24049267, 'blog_language': 'en', 'is_wordads': false, 'hosting_type': 0, 'afp_account_id': 'pub-5213664489065843', 'afp_host_id': 5038568878849053, 'theme': 'pub/exford', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'formats': [ 'belowpost', 'bottom_sticky', 'sidebar_sticky_right', 'sidebar', 'gutenberg_rectangle', 'gutenberg_leaderboard', 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard', 'gutenberg_skyscraper' ] };
326</script>
326
327		
327<script type="text/javascript">
328
329			window.doNotSellCallback = function() {
330
331				var linkElements = [
332					'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]',
333					'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]',
334					'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]',
335					'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]',
336				].join(',');
337
338				var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' );
339				dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/';
340				dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' );
341				dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow';
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343				dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information';
344
345				var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements );
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354
355				return true;
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357
358		</script>
358
359		<style type="text/css" id="custom-colors-css">.screen-reader-text:focus,
360			body,
361			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law,
362			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative input.accept,
363			.main-navigation > div > ul > li > .sub-menu { background-color: #f7ffdb;}
364.a8c-posts-list-item__featured span,
365			.sticky-post,
366			.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color,
367			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative { color: #f7ffdb;}
368.has-background-color[class],
369			.has-background-dim[class],
370			.has-foreground-background-color[class],
371			.has-foreground-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
372			.has-foreground-dark-background-color[class],
373			.has-foreground-dark-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
374			.has-foreground-light-background-color[class],
375			.has-foreground-light-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
376			.has-primary-background-color[class],
377			.has-primary-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
378			.has-secondary-background-color[class],
379			.has-secondary-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { color: #f7ffdb;}
380.has-background-background-color[class],
381			.has-background-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #f7ffdb;}
382.has-background-dark-color[class] { color: #ECFFA8;}
383.has-background-dark-background-color[class],
384			.has-background-dark-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #ECFFA8;}
385.has-background-light-color[class] { color: #FFFFFF;}
386.has-background-light-background-color[class],
387			.has-background-light-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #FFFFFF;}
388.wp-block-code,
389			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law,
390			input[type="color"],
391			input[type="date"],
392			input[type="datetime"],
393			input[type="datetime-local"],
394			input[type="email"],
395			input[type="month"],
396			input[type="number"],
397			input[type="password"],
398			input[type="range"],
399			input[type="search"],
400			input[type="tel"],
401			input[type="text"],
402			input[type="time"],
403			input[type="url"],
404			input[type="week"],
405			select,
406			textarea,
407			.site-header > *.main-navigation > div > ul > li > .sub-menu { border-color: #ECFFA8;}
408.comment-list .children > li,
409			.comment-list > li,
410			.wp-block-pullquote { border-top-color: #ECFFA8;}
411.comment-list,
412			.wp-block-pullquote,
413			hr,
414			hr.wp-block-separator { border-bottom-color: #ECFFA8;}
415hr.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots:before { color: #ECFFA8;}
416body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative input.accept.has-focus,
417			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative input.accept:focus,
418			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative input.accept:hover { -1: #f7ffdb;}
419.a8c-posts-list-item__featured span,
420			.a8c-posts-list__view-all,
421			.button,
422			.sticky-post,
423			.wp-block-button__link,
424			.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,
425			.wp-block-file__button,
426			.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color,
427			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law input.accept,
428			button,
429			button[data-load-more-btn],
430			.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,
431			.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button:not(.has-background):hover,
432			.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button:hover,
433			.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button:focus,
434			input[type="submit"] { background-color: #c8133e;}
435.a8c-posts-list .a8c-posts-list-item__title a:active,
436			.a8c-posts-list .a8c-posts-list-item__title a:focus,
437			.a8c-posts-list .a8c-posts-list-item__title a:hover,
438			.entry-title a:active,
439			.entry-title a:focus,
440			.entry-title a:hover,
441			.main-navigation a,
442			.main-navigation a:link,
443			.main-navigation a:visited,
444			.page-title a:active,
445			.page-title a:focus,
446			.page-title a:hover,
447			.site-title a:hover,
448			.social-navigation a:hover,
449			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),
450			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active,
451			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),
452			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline.wp-block-button__link:active,
453			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title a,
454			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title a:active,
455			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title a:focus,
456			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title a:hover,
457			a { color: #c8133e;}
458.wp-block-quote { border-left-color: #c8133e;}
459.wp-block-quote[style*="text-align: right"],
460			.wp-block-quote[style*="text-align:right"] { border-right-color: #c8133e;}
461.has-primary-background-color[class],
462			.has-primary-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #c8133e;}
463.has-primary-color[class] { color: #c8133e;}
464.comment-meta .comment-metadata,
465			.main-navigation,
466			.screen-reader-text:focus,
467			.site-title,
468			.social-navigation a,
469			.wp-block-code,
470			.wp-block-code pre,
471			.wp-block-pullquote,
472			.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,
473			body,
474			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law,
475			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative input.accept,
476			.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes tbody tr:nth-child(odd),
477			table.is-style-stripes tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { color: #1d1e1e;}
478body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative { background-color: #1d1e1e;}
479.has-background-background-color[class],
480			.has-background-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
481			.has-background-dark-background-color[class],
482			.has-background-dark-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
483			.has-background-light-background-color[class],
484			.has-background-light-background-color.has-background-dim[class],
485			.has-foreground-color[class] { color: #1d1e1e;}
486.has-background-dim[class],
487			.has-foreground-background-color[class],
488			.has-foreground-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #1d1e1e;}
489.has-foreground-dark-color[class] { color: #040505;}
490.has-foreground-dark-background-color[class],
491			.has-foreground-dark-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #040505;}
492.has-foreground-light-color[class] { color: #4F5353;}
493.has-foreground-light-background-color[class],
494			.has-foreground-light-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #4F5353;}
495.a8c-posts-list__item .a8c-posts-list-item__meta,
496			.comment-notes,
497			.entry-footer,
498			.entry-meta,
499			.footer-navigation .footer-menu,
500			.post-navigation .meta-nav,
501			.site-branding,
502			.site-info,
503			.widget_archive ul li,
504			.widget_authors ul li,
505			.widget_categories ul li,
506			.widget_jp_blogs_i_follow ul li,
507			.widget_links ul li,
508			.widget_meta ul li,
509			.widget_nav_menu ul li,
510			.widget_pages ul li,
511			.widget_recent_comments ul li,
512			.widget_recent_entries ul li,
513			.widget_rss ul li,
514			.widget_rss_links ul li,
515			.widget_top-click ul li,
516			.widget_top-posts ul li,
517			.widget_upcoming_events_widget ul li,
518			.wp-block-image figcaption,
519			.wp-block-latest-comments .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-date,
520			.wp-block-latest-posts .wp-block-latest-posts__post-date,
521			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .cat-links,
522			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-meta,
523			.wp-block-pullquote .wp-block-pullquote__citation,
524			.wp-block-pullquote cite,
525			.wp-block-pullquote footer,
526			.wp-block-quote .wp-block-quote__citation,
527			.wp-block-quote cite,
528			.wp-block-quote footer,
529			.wp-block-quote.is-large .wp-block-quote__citation,
530			.wp-block-quote.is-large cite,
531			.wp-block-quote.is-large footer,
532			.wp-block-quote.is-style-large .wp-block-quote__citation,
533			.wp-block-quote.is-style-large cite,
534			.wp-block-quote.is-style-large footer,
535			.wp-block-video figcaption,
536			figcaption { color: #4F5353;}
537body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law.negative { border-color: #040505;}
538.a8c-posts-list__view-all:focus,
539			.a8c-posts-list__view-all:hover,
540			.button:focus,
541			.button:hover,
542			.has-focus.a8c-posts-list__view-all,
543			.has-focus.button,
544			.has-focus.wp-block-button__link,
545			.has-focus.wp-block-file__button,
546			.main-navigation #toggle:focus + #toggle-menu,
547			.wp-block-button__link:focus,
548			.wp-block-button__link:hover,
549			.wp-block-file__button:focus,
550			.wp-block-file__button:hover,
551			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law input.accept:focus,
552			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law input.accept:hover,
553			body .widget_eu_cookie_law_widget #eu-cookie-law input.has-focus.accept,
554			button.has-focus,
555			button:focus,
556			button:hover,
557			input.has-focus[type="submit"],
558			input:focus[type="submit"],
559			input:hover[type="submit"] { background-color: #4e2f4b;}
560.a8c-posts-list__item .a8c-posts-list-item__meta a:active,
561			.a8c-posts-list__item .a8c-posts-list-item__meta a:hover,
562			.comment-meta .comment-metadata a:active,
563			.comment-meta .comment-metadata a:hover,
564			.entry-footer a:active,
565			.entry-footer a:hover,
566			.entry-meta a:active,
567			.entry-meta a:hover,
568			.footer-navigation .footer-menu a:hover,
569			.main-navigation a:hover,
570			.site-info a:hover,
571			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.has-focus,
572			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,
573			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,
574			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline.wp-block-button__link.has-focus,
575			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline.wp-block-button__link:focus,
576			.wp-block-button.is-style-outline.wp-block-button__link:hover,
577			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .cat-links a:active,
578			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .cat-links a:hover,
579			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-meta a:active,
580			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-meta a:hover,
581			.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title a:hover,
582			a:hover { color: #4e2f4b;}
583input[type="color"]:focus,
584			input[type="date"]:focus,
585			input[type="datetime"]:focus,
586			input[type="datetime-local"]:focus,
587			input[type="email"]:focus,
588			input[type="month"]:focus,
589			input[type="number"]:focus,
590			input[type="password"]:focus,
591			input[type="range"]:focus,
592			input[type="search"]:focus,
593			input[type="tel"]:focus,
594			input[type="text"]:focus,
595			input[type="time"]:focus,
596			input[type="url"]:focus,
597			input[type="week"]:focus,
598			textarea:focus { border-color: #4e2f4b;}
599.has-secondary-color[class] { color: #4e2f4b;}
600.has-secondary-background-color[class],
601			.has-secondary-background-color.has-background-dim[class] { background-color: #4e2f4b;}
602</style>
603<script type="text/javascript">
604	window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2";
605</script>
605
606
607<script type="text/javascript">
608	var _gaq = _gaq || [];
609	_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']);
610	_gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']);
611	_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'none']);
612	_gaq.push(['_setAllowLinker', true]);
613	_gaq.push(['_initData']);
614	_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
615
616	(function() {
617		var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
618		ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
619		(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga);
620	})();
621</script>
621
622<style id="jetpack-subscriptions-inline-css">
623#subscribe-email input {
624	width: 95%;
625}
626
627.comment-subscription-form {
628	margin-bottom: 1em;
629}
630
631.comment-subscription-form .subscribe-label {
632	display: inline !important;
633}
634
635/*
636Text meant only for screen readers.
637Provides support for themes that do not bundle this CSS yet.
638@see https://make.wordpress.org/accessibility/2015/02/09/hiding-text-for-screen-readers-with-wordpress-core/
639***********************************/
640.screen-reader-text {
641	border: 0;
642	clip-path: inset(50%);
643	height: 1px;
644	margin: -1px;
645	overflow: hidden;
646	padding: 0;
647	position: absolute !important;
648	width: 1px;
649	overflow-wrap: normal !important;
650}
651
652/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/build/subscriptions/subscriptions.min.css */
653</style>
654
655</head>
656
657<body class="archive author author-aspnair author-24159592 wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-pubvaria wp-child-theme-pubexford customizer-styles-applied hfeed image-filters-enabled hide-homepage-title jetpack-reblog-enabled">
658
659
660<div id="page" class="site">
661	<a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a>
662
663	
664<header id="masthead" class="site-header responsive-max-width has-menu" role="banner">
665	<div class="site-branding">
666
667								<p class="site-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/" rel="home">Saurorja</a></p>
668			
669				<p class="site-description">
670				Saurorja = Solar Energy			</p>
671	</div><!-- .site-branding -->
672		<nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation">
673
674		<input type="checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" id="toggle" class="hide-visually">
675		<label for="toggle" id="toggle-menu" class="button">
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693				<h1 class="page-title">Author Archives: <span class="page-description">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</span></h1>			</header><!-- .page-header -->
694
695			
696<article id="post-1155" class="post-1155 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-energy-statistics category-energy_efficiency category-renewable_energy category-solar category-sustainability tag-railway tag-renewable-energy tag-sustainability entry">
697	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
698		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/12/02/could-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient/" rel="bookmark">Could Indian Railways be Solar self&nbsp;sufficient?</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
699
700	
701	<div class="entry-content">
702		<p>Indian Railways is one of the largest consumer of both diesel oil and electricity in India. It uses 2.7 billion litres of diesel and around 20 billion KWh of electricity per year for traction purpose. Additionally another 2.5 billion KWh is used for non-traction related usages like powering stations and other things. This 2.7 billion<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2021/12/02/could-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Could Indian Railways be Solar self&nbsp;sufficient?&#8221;</span></a></p>
703	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
704
705	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
706		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/12/02/could-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2021-12-02T23:50:56+05:30">2021/12/02</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
706<path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy-statistics/" rel="category tag">energy statistics</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy_efficiency/" rel="category tag">energy_efficiency</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/renewable_energy/" rel="category tag">renewable_energy</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/solar/" rel="category tag">solar</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/sustainability/" rel="category tag">sustainability</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/railway/" rel="tag">railway</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/renewable-energy/" rel="tag">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/sustainability/" rel="tag">sustainability</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/12/02/could-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Could Indian Railways be Solar self&nbsp;sufficient?</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
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708
709<article id="post-1144" class="post-1144 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-air_conditioning category-climate category-energy-statistics category-energy_efficiency category-environment category-sustainability tag-air-conditioner tag-energy-storage tag-sustainability entry">
710	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
711		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/07/04/evaporative-cooler-and-tonnage/" rel="bookmark">Evaporative Cooler and&nbsp;Tonnage</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
712
713	
714	<div class="entry-content">
715		<p>Evaporative coolers are very useful in dry and hot climate. Pour a lot of water and run the fan, and get the cool moist breeze. It is a simple device and it is good for what it provides &#8211; fresh cool air. For a long time I have been thinking how to compare the evaporative<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2021/07/04/evaporative-cooler-and-tonnage/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Evaporative Cooler and&nbsp;Tonnage&#8221;</span></a></p>
716	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
717
718	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
719		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/07/04/evaporative-cooler-and-tonnage/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-07-04T16:15:51+05:30">2021/07/04</time><time class="updated" datetime="2021-07-04T16:18:47+05:30">2021/07/04</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
719<path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/air_conditioning/" rel="category tag">air_conditioning</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/climate/" rel="category tag">climate</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy-statistics/" rel="category tag">energy statistics</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy_efficiency/" rel="category tag">energy_efficiency</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/environment/" rel="category tag">environment</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/sustainability/" rel="category tag">sustainability</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/air-conditioner/" rel="tag">air conditioner</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/energy-storage/" rel="tag">energy storage</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/sustainability/" rel="tag">sustainability</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/07/04/evaporative-cooler-and-tonnage/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Evaporative Cooler and&nbsp;Tonnage</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
720</article><!-- #post-${ID} -->
721
722<article id="post-1019" class="post-1019 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-civilization category-environment category-lakes category-rivers category-travel tag-amazonriver tag-civilization tag-environment tag-lakebaikal tag-lakes tag-peru tag-rivers tag-siberia tag-southamerica tag-travel entry">
723	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
724		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/02/27/the-story-of-water-from-two-continents-the-amazon-river-and-lake-baikal/" rel="bookmark">The story of water from two continents: the Amazon River and Lake&nbsp;Baikal</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
725
726	
727			<figure class="post-thumbnail">
728				<a class="post-thumbnail-inner alignwide" href="https://saurorja.org/2021/02/27/the-story-of-water-from-two-continents-the-amazon-river-and-lake-baikal/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
729					<img width="1568" height="667" src="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=1568" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=1568 1568w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=150 150w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=300 300w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=768 768w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=1024 1024w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=1440 1440w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px" data-attachment-id="1137" data-permalink="https://saurorja.org/panorama_of_lake_baikal/" data-orig-file="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/
729panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg" data-orig-size="1920,817" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Panorama_of_lake_Baikal" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/panorama_of_lake_baikal.jpeg?w=750" />				</a>
730			</figure>
731
732		
733	<div class="entry-content">
734		<p>Let us start with two tricky questions. Pause here and take a wild guess. Q1: Suppose the entire Lake Baikal is drained on Russia, how deep a water pool would it create? Q2: Suppose the water flowing in the Amazon river is used to fill an equivalent of Lake Baikal, how much time it would<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2021/02/27/the-story-of-water-from-two-continents-the-amazon-river-and-lake-baikal/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;The story of water from two continents: the Amazon River and Lake&nbsp;Baikal&#8221;</span></a></p>
735	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
736
737	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
738		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/02/27/the-story-of-water-from-two-continents-the-amazon-river-and-lake-baikal/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-02-27T22:56:16+05:30">2021/02/27</time><time class="updated" datetime="2021-03-25T16:07:47+05:30">2021/03/25</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/civilization/" rel="category tag">civilization</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/environment/" rel="category tag">environment</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/lakes/" rel="category tag">lakes</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/rivers/" rel="category tag">rivers</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/travel/" rel="category tag">travel</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/amazonriver/" rel="tag">amazonriver</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/civilization/" rel="tag">civilization</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/environment/" rel="tag">environment</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/lakebaikal/" rel="tag">lakebaikal</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/lakes/" rel="tag">lakes</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/peru/" rel="tag">peru</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/rivers/" rel="tag">rivers</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/siberia/" rel="tag">siberia</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/southamerica/" rel="tag">southamerica</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/travel/" rel="tag">travel</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2021/02/27/the-story-of-water-from-two-continents-the-amazon-river-and-lake-baikal/#comments">1 Comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on The story of water from two continents: the Amazon River and Lake&nbsp;Baikal</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
739</article><!-- #post-${ID} -->
740
741<article id="post-985" class="post-985 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-android category-linux category-multimedia tag-android tag-command-line tag-ide tag-linux tag-studio entry">
742	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
743		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/" rel="bookmark">Building Android App without IDE from the command&nbsp;line</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
744
745	
746			<figure class="post-thumbnail">
747				<a class="post-thumbnail-inner alignwide" href="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
748					<img width="1568" height="1045" src="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=1568" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=1568 1568w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=3136 3136w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=150 150w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=300 300w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=768 768w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px" data-attachment-id="1140" data-permalink="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/android-2/" data-orig-file="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg" data-orig-size="4522,3015" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="android" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://saurorja.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/android.jpg?w=750" />				</a>
749			</figure>
750
751		
752	<div class="entry-content">
753		<p>Recently I got the source code of one particular Android App from github and I wanted to build that on my Debian Unstable latest.  I was just trying to see how I could build without installing the IDE.  This is what I did. apt-get install default-jdk From Android site I downloaded both commandlinetools and gradle.<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Building Android App without IDE from the command&nbsp;line&#8221;</span></a></p>
754	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
755
756	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
757		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-08-12T16:49:42+05:30">2020/08/12</time><time class="updated" datetime="2021-03-25T16:06:12+05:30">2021/03/25</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/android/" rel="category tag">android</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/linux/" rel="category tag">linux</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/multimedia/" rel="category tag">multimedia</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
757<path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/android/" rel="tag">android</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/command-line/" rel="tag">command line</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/ide/" rel="tag">ide</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/linux/" rel="tag">linux</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/studio/" rel="tag">studio</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/08/12/building-android-app-without-ide-from-the-command-line/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Building Android App without IDE from the command&nbsp;line</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
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759
760<article id="post-946" class="post-946 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancientindia category-astronomy category-indianastronomy category-indianhistory category-uncategorized entry">
761	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
762		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/05/01/indian-astronomy-and-calendar-systems/" rel="bookmark">Indian Astronomy and Calendar&nbsp;Systems</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
763
764	
765	<div class="entry-content">
766		<p>1. Motion of the Earth, Celestial Sphere These are a few things we learn from primary school times.  Our Earth revolves around the Sun in one year. At the same time, it also rotates around its own axis in 24 hours. But are we revolving or rotating in Clockwise or Counter Clockwise direction?  The answer<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2020/05/01/indian-astronomy-and-calendar-systems/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Indian Astronomy and Calendar&nbsp;Systems&#8221;</span></a></p>
767	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
768
769	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
770		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/05/01/indian-astronomy-and-calendar-systems/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-05-01T16:02:34+05:30">2020/05/01</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-05-01T16:18:12+05:30">2020/05/01</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/ancientindia/" rel="category tag">ancientindia</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/astronomy/" rel="category tag">astronomy</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/indianastronomy/" rel="category tag">indianastronomy</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/indianhistory/" rel="category tag">indianhistory</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2020/05/01/indian-astronomy-and-calendar-systems/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Indian Astronomy and Calendar&nbsp;Systems</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
771</article><!-- #post-${ID} -->
772
773<article id="post-940" class="post-940 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-audio category-gstreamer category-linux category-multimedia entry">
774	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
775		<h2 class="entry-title">
775<a href="https://saurorja.org/2017/12/24/gstreamer-pipeline-to-stream-raw-audio-over-network/" rel="bookmark">gstreamer pipeline to stream raw audio over&nbsp;network</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
776
777	
778	<div class="entry-content">
779		<p>Normally all audio pipelines use an audio codec and RTP encapsulation. I searched a lot for a raw audio pipeline, but I could not find much information. Then, I tried different options and came up with the following. gst-launch-1.0 -v filesrc location=/tmp/musicfile.mp3 ! mpegaudioparse ! mpg123audiodec ! audioconvert ! audioresample ! audio/x-raw, rate=16000, channels=1, format=S16LE<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2017/12/24/gstreamer-pipeline-to-stream-raw-audio-over-network/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;gstreamer pipeline to stream raw audio over&nbsp;network&#8221;</span></a></p>
780	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
781
782	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
783		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2017/12/24/gstreamer-pipeline-to-stream-raw-audio-over-network/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2017-12-24T23:54:58+05:30">2017/12/24</time><time class="updated" datetime="2018-01-02T22:24:50+05:30">2018/01/02</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/audio/" rel="category tag">audio</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/gstreamer/" rel="category tag">gstreamer</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/linux/" rel="category tag">linux</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/multimedia/" rel="category tag">multimedia</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2017/12/24/gstreamer-pipeline-to-stream-raw-audio-over-network/#comments">1 Comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on gstreamer pipeline to stream raw audio over&nbsp;network</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
784</article><!-- #post-${ID} -->
785
786<article id="post-918" class="post-918 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-climate category-energy-statistics category-environment category-renewable_energy tag-biodiesel tag-biofuel tag-biomass tag-climate tag-energy-statistics tag-environment tag-ethanol tag-renewable tag-renewable-energy entry">
787	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
788		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/06/18/petroleum-to-biofuel-how-much-land-is-required/" rel="bookmark">Petroleum to Biofuel: How much land is&nbsp;required</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
789
790	
791	<div class="entry-content">
792		<p>One of the primary uses of petroleum is as fuel. As the average carbon dioxide levels have already gone above 400 ppm and global warming is taking place, there have been many calls to reduce the usage of petroleum b
792y substituting it with renewable energy. Biofuels stand very distinct among all other renewables because they<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2015/06/18/petroleum-to-biofuel-how-much-land-is-required/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Petroleum to Biofuel: How much land is&nbsp;required&#8221;</span></a></p>
793	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
794
795	<footer class="entry-footer responsive-max-width">
796		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/06/18/petroleum-to-biofuel-how-much-land-is-required/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2015-06-18T16:52:21+05:30">2015/06/18</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/climate/" rel="category tag">climate</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy-statistics/" rel="category tag">energy statistics</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/environment/" rel="category tag">environment</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/renewable_energy/" rel="category tag">renewable_energy</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/biodiesel/" rel="tag">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/biofuel/" rel="tag">biofuel</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/biomass/" rel="tag">biomass</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/climate/" rel="tag">climate</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/energy-statistics/" rel="tag">energy statistics</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/environment/" rel="tag">environment</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/ethanol/" rel="tag">ethanol</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/renewable/" rel="tag">renewable</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/renewable-energy/" rel="tag">renewable energy</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/06/18/petroleum-to-biofuel-how-much-land-is-required/#comments">1 Comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Petroleum to Biofuel: How much land is&nbsp;required</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
797</article><!-- #post-${ID} -->
798
799<article id="post-905" class="post-905 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-linux category-multimedia category-uncategorized tag-aac tag-ffmpeg tag-h-264 tag-linux tag-multimedia tag-opus tag-vlc tag-vp8 tag-vp9 entry">
800	<header class="entry-header responsive-max-width">
801		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/04/22/compiling-ffmpeg-and-vlc-from-source/" rel="bookmark">Compiling ffmpeg and vlc from&nbsp;source</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
802
803	
804	<div class="entry-content">
805		<p>Both ffmpeg and vlc are two of the important applications in free software media processing. I wanted to compile both to incorporate latest codecs, x264 and libvpx for video along with aac and libopus for audio. This is what I have done on Debian unstable. For my purpose, I was compiling these codecs from source.<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2015/04/22/compiling-ffmpeg-and-vlc-from-source/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Compiling ffmpeg and vlc from&nbsp;source&#8221;</span></a></p>
806	</div><!-- .entry-content -->
807
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809		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/04/22/compiling-ffmpeg-and-vlc-from-source/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2015-04-22T23:02:45+05:30">2015/04/22</time><time class="updated" datetime="2015-05-02T23:42:32+05:30">2015/05/02</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
809<path d="M10 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V8c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-8l-2-2z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/linux/" rel="category tag">linux</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/multimedia/" rel="category tag">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a></span><span class="tags-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.41 11.58l-9-9C12.05 2.22 11.55 2 11 2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v7c0 .55.22 1.05.59 1.42l9 9c.36.36.86.58 1.41.58.55 0 1.05-.22 1.41-.59l7-7c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-.55-.23-1.06-.59-1.42zM5.5 7C4.67 7 4 6.33 4 5.5S4.67 4 5.5 4 7 4.67 7 5.5 6.33 7 5.5 7z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags:</span><a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/aac/" rel="tag">AAC</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/ffmpeg/" rel="tag">ffmpeg</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/h-264/" rel="tag">H.264</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/linux/" rel="tag">linux</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/multimedia/" rel="tag">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/opus/" rel="tag">OPUS</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/vlc/" rel="tag">vlc</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/vp8/" rel="tag">VP8</a>, <a href="https://saurorja.org/tag/vp9/" rel="tag">VP9</a></span><span class="comments-link"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2015/04/22/compiling-ffmpeg-and-vlc-from-source/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Compiling ffmpeg and vlc from&nbsp;source</span></a></span>	</footer><!-- .entry-footer -->
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812<article id="post-870" class="post-870 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-linux tag-3g tag-airtel tag-debian tag-e1731 tag-huawel tag-linux tag-ppp tag-pppconfig tag-usb tag-wvdial entry">
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814		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2013/03/30/airtel-3g-modem-e1731-linux-configuration-complete-guide/" rel="bookmark">Airtel 3G modem E1731 Linux Configuration &#8211; Complete&nbsp;guide</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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817	<div class="entry-content">
818		<p>Recently I bought an Airtel 3G connection using Huawei E1731Bu-1 USB modem. As usual, I wanted to get it working in Debian GNU/Linux amd64 version. As a first step, installed the following packages using apt-get. sudo apt-get install ppp pppconfig wvdial Normally this modem is detected properly, but I was curious to know the extra<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2013/03/30/airtel-3g-modem-e1731-linux-configuration-complete-guide/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;Airtel 3G modem E1731 Linux Configuration &#8211; Complete&nbsp;guide&#8221;</span></a></p>
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822		<span class="byline"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><path d="M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted by</span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/">Anand Sivaram (आनन्दः )</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></defs><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" overflow="visible"></use></clipPath><path clip-path="url(#b)" d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10 10-4.5 10-10S17.5 2 12 2zm4.2 14.2L11 13V7h1.5v5.2l4.5 2.7-.8 1.3z"></path></svg><a href="https://saurorja.org/2013/03/30/airtel-3g-modem-e1731-linux-configuration-complete-guide/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-03-30T16:35:14+05:30">2013/03/30</time><time class="updated" datetime="2013-03-30T16:51:22+05:30">2013/03/30</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><svg class="svg-icon" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
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825<article id="post-792" class="post-792 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-climate category-environment category-sustainability tag-aral-sea tag-environment tag-kazakhstan tag-sustainability tag-uzbekistan entry">
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827		<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://saurorja.org/2012/12/19/an-environmental-lesson-from-the-soviet-union/" rel="bookmark">An environmental lesson from the Soviet&nbsp;Union</a></h2>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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830	<div class="entry-content">
831		<p>Ships of the desert grazing near deserted ships in Aral Sea desert Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan &#8211; First ever window to space. Beginning of the space age was one of the greatest achievements of mankind since the dawn of civilization. Many space scientists, explorers and researchers had gone through the arid steppes of this small Central<a class="more-link" href="https://saurorja.org/2012/12/19/an-environmental-lesson-from-the-soviet-union/">Continue reading <span class="screen-reader-text">&#8220;An environmental lesson from the Soviet&nbsp;Union&#8221;</span></a></p>
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963			if ( 'escape' === dropdown.dataset.lastkey ) {
964				return;
965			}
966			if ( dropdown.value ) {
967				document.location.href = dropdown.value;
968			}
969		}, 250 );
970	}
971	function onKeyUp( event ) {
972		if ( 'Escape' === event.key ) {
973			dropdown.dataset.lastkey = 'escape';
974		} else {
975			delete dropdown.dataset.lastkey;
976		}
977	}
978	function onClick() {
979		delete dropdown.dataset.lastkey;
980	}
981	dropdown.addEventListener( 'keyup', onKeyUp );
982	dropdown.addEventListener( 'click', onClick );
983	dropdown.addEventListener( 'change', onSelectChange );
984})( "archives-dropdown-3" );
985
986//# sourceURL=WP_Widget_Archives%3A%3Awidget
987</script>
987
988</section><section id="rss_links-3" class="widget widget_rss_links"><ul><li><a href="https://saurorja.org/feed/" title="Subscribe to Posts">RSS - Posts</a></li><li><a href="https://saurorja.org/comments/feed/" title="Subscribe to Comments">RSS - Comments</a></li></ul>
989</section><section id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://saurorja.org/">
990				<label>
991					<span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span>
992					<input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" />
993				</label>
994				<input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" />
995			</form></section><section id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2>
996			<ul>
997					<li class="cat-item cat-item-8164595"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/air_conditioning/">air_conditioning</a> (1)
998</li>
999	<li class="cat-item cat-item-11345013"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/ancientindia/">ancientindia</a> (1)
1000</li>
1001	<li class="cat-item cat-item-641922"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/android/">android</a> (1)
1002</li>
1003	<li class="cat-item cat-item-4003"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/astronomy/">astronomy</a> (2)
1004</li>
1005	<li class="cat-item cat-item-413"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/audio/">audio</a> (1)
1006</li>
1007	<li class="cat-item cat-item-3268"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/civilization/">civilization</a> (1)
1008</li>
1009	<li class="cat-item cat-item-6108"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/climate/">climate</a> (3)
1010</li>
1011	<li class="cat-item cat-item-4219177"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy-statistics/">energy statistics</a> (4)
1012</li>
1013	<li class="cat-item cat-item-9679422"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy_efficiency/">energy_efficiency</a> (3)
1014</li>
1015	<li class="cat-item cat-item-61953480"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/energy_storage/">energy_storage</a> (5)
1016</li>
1017	<li class="cat-item cat-item-184"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/environment/">environment</a> (4)
1018</li>
1019	<li class="cat-item cat-item-352231"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/gstreamer/">gstreamer</a> (1)
1020</li>
1021	<li class="cat-item cat-item-698421210"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/indianastronomy/">indianastronomy</a> (1)
1022</li>
1023	<li class="cat-item cat-item-135519873"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/indianhistory/">indianhistory</a> (1)
1024</li>
1025	<li class="cat-item cat-item-75484"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/lakes/">lakes</a> (1)
1026</li>
1027	<li class="cat-item cat-item-610"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/linux/">linux</a> (10)
1028</li>
1029	<li class="cat-item cat-item-4755"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/multimedia/">multimedia</a> (3)
1030</li>
1031	<li class="cat-item cat-item-1076589"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/renewable_energy/">renewable_energy</a> (11)
1032</li>
1033	<li class="cat-item cat-item-114935"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/rivers/">rivers</a> (1)
1034</li>
1035	<li class="cat-item cat-item-45212"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/solar/">solar</a> (6)
1036</li>
1037	<li class="cat-item cat-item-6877"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/sustainability/">sustainability</a> (6)
1038</li>
1039	<li class="cat-item cat-item-200"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/travel/">travel</a> (1)
1040</li>
1041	<li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (3)
1042</li>
1043	<li class="cat-item cat-item-7920265"><a href="https://saurorja.org/category/wind_power/">wind_power</a> (3)
1044</li>
1045			</ul>
1046
1047			</section>	</aside><!-- .widget-area -->
1048
1049
1050	
1051		<div class="site-info">
1052		<a class="site-name" href="https://saurorja.org/" rel="home">Saurorja</a><span class="comma">,</span>
1053<a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a>	</div><!-- .site-info -->
1054	</footer><!-- #colophon -->
1055
1056</div><!-- #page -->
1057
1058<!--  -->
1059<script type="speculationrules">
1060{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/files/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/exford/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/varia/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
1061</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1061
1061
1062<script id="grofiles-cards-js" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202640d1133547e8a1f2801609f51cef12522abe7f6647d869e9fbc974fe356a37e613"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1062
1062
1063<script id="wpgroho-js-extra">
1064var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""};
1065//# sourceURL=wpgroho-js-extra
1066</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1066
1066
1067<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript'  src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script>
1067
1068
1069	
1069<script>
1070		// Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars
1071		( function() {
1072			function init() {
1073				if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) {
1074					return;
1075				}
1076
1077				if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) {
1078					return;
1079				}
1080
1081				Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) {
1082					WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id );
1083				};
1084
1085				Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash;
1086				Gravatar.init(
1087					'body',
1088					'#wp-admin-bar-my-account',
1089					{
1090						i18n: {
1091							'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →',
1092							'View profile →': 'View profile →',
1093							'Contact': 'Contact',
1094							'Send money': 'Send money',
1095							'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.',
1096							'Gravatar not found.': 'Gravatar not found.',
1097							'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.',
1098							'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.',
1099							'Is this you?': 'Is this you?',
1100							'Claim your free profile.': 'Claim your free profile.',
1101							'Email': 'Email',
1102							'Home Phone': 'Home Phone',
1103							'Work Phone': 'Work Phone',
1104							'Cell Phone': 'Cell Phone',
1105							'Contact Form': 'Contact Form',
1106							'Calendar': 'Calendar',
1107						},
1108					}
1109				);
1110			}
1111
1112			if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) {
1113				init();
1114			} else {
1115				document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init );
1116			}
1117		} )();
1118	</script>
1118
1119
1120		<div style="display:none">
1121	</div>
1122		<!-- CCPA [start] -->
1123		
1123<script type="text/javascript">
1124			( function () {
1125
1126				var setupPrivacy = function() {
1127
1128					// Minimal Mozilla Cookie library
1129					// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework
1130					var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}};
1131
1132					// Implement IAB USP API.
1133					window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) {
1134
1135						// Validate callback.
1136						if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) {
1137							return;
1138						}
1139
1140						// Validate the given command.
1141						if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) {
1142							callback( null, false );
1143							return;
1144						}
1145
1146						// Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie.
1147						if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) {
1148							callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true );
1149							return;
1150						}
1151
1152						// Check for cookie.
1153						var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' );
1154
1155						// Invalid cookie.
1156						if ( null === consent ) {
1157							callback( null, false );
1158							return;
1159						}
1160
1161						// Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data.
1162						callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true );
1163					};
1164
1165					// Initialization.
1166					document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() {
1167
1168						// Internal functions.
1169						var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() {
1170							var value = '1YNN';
1171							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1172							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1173						};
1174
1175						var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() {
1176							var value = '1YYN';
1177							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1178							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1179						};
1180
1181						var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() {
1182							var value = '1---';
1183							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1184							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1185						};
1186
1187						var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) {
1188							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
1189							cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
1190						}
1191
1192						var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() {
1193							if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) {
1194								return window.doNotSellCallback();
1195							}
1196
1197							return false;
1198						}
1199
1200						// Look for usprivacy cookie first.
1201						var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' );
1202
1203						// Found a usprivacy cookie.
1204						if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) {
1205
1206							// If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail.
1207							if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) {
1208								return;
1209							}
1210
1211							// CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page.
1212							maybeCallDoNotSellCallback();
1213
1214							// We're all done, no more processing needed.
1215							return;
1216						}
1217
1218						// We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie.
1219						var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' );
1220
1221						// No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California.
1222						// This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers,
1223						// only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region.
1224						if ( null === ccpaCookie ) {
1225
1226							var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
1227							request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true );
1228
1229							request.onreadystatechange = function () {
1230								if ( 4 === this.readyState ) {
1231									if ( 200 === this.status ) {
1232
1233										// Got a geo response. Parse out the region data.
1234										var data = JSON.parse( this.response );
1235										var region      = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : '';
1236										var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1;
1237										// Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently.
1238										setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies );
1239
1240										// Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie.
1241										if ( ccpa_applies ) {
1242											if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1243												// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1244												setDefaultOptInCookie();
1245											} else {
1246												// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1247												setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1248											}
1249										} else {
1250											// CCPA does not apply.
1251											setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
1252										}
1253									} else {
1254										// Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe.
1255										setCcpaAppliesCookie( true );
1256										if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1257											// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1258											setDefaultOptInCookie();
1259										} else {
1260											// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1261											setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1262										}
1263									}
1264								}
1265							};
1266
1267							// Send the geo request.
1268							request.send();
1269						} else {
1270							// We found a CCPA applies cookie.
1271							if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) {
1272								if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
1273									// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
1274									setDefaultOptInCookie();
1275								} else {
1276									// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
1277									setDefaultOptOutCookie();
1278								}
1279							} else {
1280								// CCPA does not apply.
1281								setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
1282							}
1283						}
1284					} );
1285				};
1286
1287				// Kickoff initialization.
1288				if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) {
1289					defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy );
1290				} else {
1291					setupPrivacy();
1292				}
1293
1294			} )();
1295		</script>
1295
1296
1297		<!-- CCPA [end] -->
1298		<div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget">
1299<div
1300	class="hide-on-button ads-active"
1301	data-hide-timeout="30"
1302	data-consent-expiration="180"
1303	id="eu-cookie-law"
1304	style="display: none"
1305>
1306	<form method="post">
1307		<input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" />
1308
1309		Privacy &amp; Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br />
1310To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here:
1311				<a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow">
1312			Cookie Policy		</a>
1313 </form>
1314</div>
1315</div>			<div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"
1316				class="actnbr-pub-exford" role="region" aria-label="Site actions">
1317			<span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span>
1318			<ul>
1319										<li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden">
1320										<a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href="" role="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false">
1321				<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-bell" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 11.5c0 1.353.17 2.368.976 3 .266.209.602.376 1.024.5v1H5v-1c.422-.124.757-.291 1.024-.5.806-.632.976-1.647.976-3V9c0-2.8 2.2-5 5-5s5 2.2 5 5v2.5ZM15.5 9v2.5c0 .93.066 1.98.515 2.897l.053.103H7.932a4.018 4.018 0 0 0 .053-.103c.449-.917.515-1.967.515-2.897V9c0-1.972 1.528-3.5 3.5-3.5s3.5 1.528 3.5 3.5Zm-5.492 9.008c0-.176.023-.346.065-.508h3.854A1.996 1.996 0 0 1 12 20c-1.1 0-1.992-.892-1.992-1.992Z"/></svg>				<span>Subscribe</span>
1322			</a>
1323			<a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following  no-display" href="" role="button">
1324				<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg>				<span>Subscribed</span>
1325			</a>
1326									<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Subscribe to Saurorja">
1327								<div class="actnbr-follow-bubble">
1328								<div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://saurorja.org"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Saurorja</span></a></div>																	<div class="actnbr-panel__group">
1329										<div class="actnbr-message no-display" aria-live="polite"></div>
1330										<form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" class="no-display">
1331																							<div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 29 other subscribers</div>
1332																							<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Want updates? Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Email address" />
1333											<input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" />
1334											<input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="24049267" />
1335											<input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://saurorja.org/author/aspnair/" />
1336											<input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" />
1337											<input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="8bf9202b22" />											<button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Sign me up</button>
1338										</form>
1339										<p class="actnbr-login-nudge">
1340											Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsaurorja.org%252F2021%252F12%252F02%252Fcould-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient%252F">Log in now.</a>										</p>
1341									</div>
1342																	</div>
1343							</div>
1344						</li>
1345									<li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden">
1346					<button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More options">
1347						<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-more-horizontal" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M11 13h2v-2h-2v2zm-6 0h2v-2H5v2zm12-2v2h2v-2h-2z"/></svg>					</button>
1348					<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Site options">
1349						<div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://saurorja.org"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Saurorja</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/feeds/757705"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">View site in Reader</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Manage subscriptions</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Sign up</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsaurorja.org%252F2021%252F12%252F02%252Fcould-indian-railways-be-solar-self-sufficient%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Log in</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://saurorja.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Report this content</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-fold" href=""><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Collapse this bar</span></a></div>					</div>
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