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266<h1>
267<font face="Arial">A Short History &amp; Timeline</font></h1></center>
268
269<center>
270<h1>
271<font face="Arial">of the Island of Britain</h1></center>
272<a NAME="toc"></a>
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304    <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The island Britain is 800 miles long, and 200 
305	miles broad. And there are in the island five nations; English, Welsh (or 
306	British), Scottish, Pictish, and Latin. The first inhabitants were the 
307	Britons, who came from Armenia, and first peopled Britain southward. Then 
308	happened it, that the Picts came south from Scythia, with long ships, not 
309	many; and, landing first in the northern part of Ireland, they told the 
310	Scots that they must dwell there. But they would not give them leave; for 
311	the Scots told them that they could not all dwell there together; &quot;But,&quot; 
312	said the Scots, &quot;we can nevertheless give you advice. We know another island 
313	here to the east. There you may dwell, if you will; and whosoever 
314	withstandeth you, we will assist you, that you may gain it.&quot; Then went the 
315	Picts and entered this land northward. Southward the Britons possessed it, 
316	as we before said. And the Picts obtained wives of the Scots, on condition 
317	that they chose their kings always on the female side ; which they have 
318	continued to do, so long since. And it happened, in the run of years, that 
319	some party of Scots went from Ireland into Britain, and acquired some 
320	portion of this land. Their leader was called Reoda , from whom they are 
321	named Dalreodi (or Dalreathians). </font></p>
322
323<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Sixty winters ere that Christ was born, Caius 
324Julius, emperor of the Romans, with eighty ships sought Britain. There he was 
325first beaten in a dreadful fight, and lost a great part of his army. Then he let 
326his army abide with the Scots, and went south into Gaul. There he gathered six 
327hundred ships, with which he went back into Britain. When they first rushed 
328together, Caesar's tribune, whose name was Labienus, was slain. Then took the 
329Welsh sharp piles, and drove them with great clubs into the water, at a certain 
330ford of the river called Thames. When the Romans found that, they would not go 
331over the ford. Then fled the Britons to the fastnesses of the woods; and Caesar, 
332having after much fighting gained many of the chief towns, went back into Gaul.
333</font>
334<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((B.C. 60. Before the incarnation of Christ sixty 
335years, Gaius Julius the emperor, first of the Romans, sought the land of 
336Britain; and he crushed the Britons in battle, and overcame them; and 
337nevertheless he was unable to gain any empire there.)) </font>
338<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 1. Octavianus reigned fifty-six winters; and 
339in the forty- second year of his reign Christ was born. Then three astrologers 
340from the east came to worship Christ; and the children in Bethlehem were slain 
341by Herod in persecution of Christ. </font>
342<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 3. This year died Herod, stabbed by his own 
343hand; and Archelaus his son succeeded him. The child Christ was also this year 
344brought back again from Egypt. </font>
345<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 6. From the beginning of the world to this 
346year were agone five thousand and two hundred winters. </font>
347<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 11. This year Herod the son of Antipater 
348undertook the government in Judea. </font>
349<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 12. This year Philip and Herod divided Judea 
350into four kingdoms. </font>
351<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 12. This year Judea was divided into four 
352tetrarchies.)) </font>
353<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 16. This year Tiberius succeeded to the 
354empire. </font>
355
356<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 26. This year Pilate began to reign over the 
357Jews. </font>
358<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 30. This year was Christ baptized; and Peter 
359and Andrew were converted, together with James, and John, and Philip, and all 
360the twelve apostles. </font>
361<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 33. This year was Christ crucified; about 
362five thousand two hundred and twenty six winters from the beginning of the 
363world. </font>
364<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 34. This year was St. Paul converted, and 
365St. Stephen stoned. </font>
366<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 35. This year the blessed Peter the apostle 
367settled an episcopal see in the city of Antioch. </font>
368<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 37. This year Pilate slew himself with his 
369own hand. </font>
370<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 39. This year Caius undertook the empire.
371</font>
372<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 44. This year the blessed Peter the apostle 
373settled an episcopal see at Rome; and James, the brother of John, was slain by 
374Herod. </font>
375<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 45. This year died Herod, who slew James one 
376year ere his own death. </font>
377
378<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 46. This year Claudius, the second of the 
379Roman emperors who invaded Britain, took the greater part of the island into his 
380power, and added the Orkneys to rite dominion of the Romans. This was in the 
381fourth year of his reign. And in the same year happened the great famine in 
382Syria which Luke mentions in the book called &quot;The Acts of the Apostles&quot;. After 
383Claudius Nero succeeded to the empire, who almost lost the island Britain 
384through his incapacity. </font>
385<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 46. This year the Emperor Claudius came to 
386Britain, and subdued a large part of the island; and he also added the island of 
387Orkney to the dominion of the Romans.)) </font>
388<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 47. This year Mark, the evangelist in Egypt 
389beginneth to write the gospel. </font>
390<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 47. This was in the fourth year of his 
391reign, and in this same year was the great famine in Syria which Luke speaks of 
392in the book called &quot;Actus Apostolorum&quot;.)) </font>
393<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 47. This year Claudius, king of the 
394Romans, went with an army into Britain, and subdued the island, and subjected 
395all the Picts and Welsh to the rule of the Romans.)) </font>
396<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 50. This year Paul was sent bound to Rome.
397</font>
398<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 62. This year James, the brother of Christ, 
399suffered. </font>
400
401<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 63. This year Mark the evangelist departed 
402this life. </font>
403<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 69. This year Peter and Paul suffered.
404</font>
405<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 70. This year Vespasian undertook the 
406empire. </font>
407<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 71. This year Titus, son of Vespasian, slew 
408in Jerusalem eleven hundred thousand Jews. </font>
409<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 81. This year Titus came to the empire, 
410after Vespasian, who said that he considered the day lost in which he did no 
411good. </font>
412<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 83. This year Domitian, the brother of 
413Titus, assumed the government. </font>
414<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 84. This year John the evangelist in the 
415island Patmos wrote the book called &quot;The Apocalypse&quot;. </font>
416<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 90. This year Simon, the apostle, a relation 
417of Christ, was crucified: and John the evangelist rested at Ephesus. </font>
418
419<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 92. This year died Pope Clement. </font>
420<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 110. This year Bishop Ignatius suffered.
421</font>
422<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 116. This year Hadrian the Caesar began to 
423reign. </font>
424<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 145. This year Marcus Antoninus and Aurelius 
425his brother succeeded to the empire. </font>
426<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 167. This year Eleutherius succeeded to 
427the popedom, and held it fifteen years; and in the same year Lucius, king of the 
428Britons, sent and begged baptism of him. And he soon sent it him, and they 
429continued in the true faith until the time of Diocletian.)) </font>
430<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 189. This year Severus came to the empire; 
431and went with his army into Britain, and subdued in battle a great part of the 
432island. Then wrought he a mound of turf, with a broad wall thereupon, from sea 
433to sea, for the defence of the Britons. He reigned seventeen years; and then 
434ended his days at York. His son Bassianus succeeded him in the empire. His other 
435son, who perished, was called Geta. This year Eleutherius undertook the 
436bishopric of Rome, and held it honourably for fifteen winters. To him Lucius, 
437king of the Britons, sent letters, and prayed that he might be made a Christian. 
438He obtained his request; and they continued afterwards in the right belief until 
439the reign of Diocletian. </font>
440<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 199. In this year was found the holy rood.
441</font>
442<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
443
444<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 283. This year suffered Saint Alban the 
445Martyr. </font>
446<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 343. This year died St. Nicolaus. </font>
447<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 379. This year Gratian succeeded to the 
448empire. </font>
449<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 381. This year Maximus the Caesar came to 
450the empire. He was born in the land of Britain, whence he passed over into Gaul. 
451He there slew the Emperor Gratian; and drove his brother, whose name was 
452Valentinian, from his country (Italy). The same Valentinian afterwards collected 
453an army, and slew Maximus; whereby he gained the empire. About this time arose 
454the error of Pelagius over the world. </font>
455<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 418. This year the Romans collected all the 
456hoards of gold that were in Britain; and some they hid in the earth, so that no 
457man afterwards might find them, and some they carried away with them into Gaul.
458</font>
459<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 423. This year Theodosius the younger 
460succeeded to the empire. </font>
461<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 429. This year Bishop Palladius was sent 
462from Pope Celesrinus to the Scots, that he might establish their faith. </font>
463<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 430. This year Patricius was sent from Pope 
464Celestinus to preach baptism to the Scots. </font>
465<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 430. This year Patrick was sent by Pope 
466Celestine to preach baptism to the Scots.)) </font>
467
468<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 435. This year the Goths sacked the city of 
469Rome; and never since have the Romans reigned in Britain. This was about eleven 
470hundred and ten winters after it was built. They reigned altogether in Britain 
471four hundred and seventy winters since Gaius Julius first sought that land.
472</font>
473<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 443. This year sent the Britons over sea to 
474Rome, and begged assistance against the Picts; but they had none, for the Romans 
475were at war with Atila, king of the Huns. Then sent they to the Angles, and 
476requested the same from the nobles of that nation. </font>
477<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 444. This year died St. Martin. </font>
478<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 448. This year John the Baptist showed his 
479head to two monks, who came from the eastern country to Jerusalem for the sake 
480of prayer, in the place that whilom was the palace of Herod. </font>
481<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 449. This year Marcian and Valentinian 
482assumed the empire, and reigned seven winters. In their days Hengest and Horsa, 
483invited by Wurtgern, king of the Britons to his assistance, landed in Britain in 
484a place that is called Ipwinesfleet; first of all to support the Britons, but 
485they afterwards fought against them. The king directed them to fight against the 
486Picts; and they did so; and obtained the victory wheresoever they came. They 
487then sent to the Angles, and desired them to send more assistance. They 
488described the worthlessness of the Britons, and the richness of the land. They 
489then sent them greater support. Then came the men from three powers of Germany; 
490the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the men 
491of Kent, the Wightwarians (that is, the tribe that now dwelleth in the Isle of 
492Wight), and that kindred in Wessex that men yet call the kindred of the Jutes. 
493From the Old Saxons came the people of Essex and Sussex and Wessex. From Anglia, 
494which has ever since remained waste between the Jutes and the Saxons, came the 
495East Angles, the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and all of those north of the 
496Humber. Their leaders were two brothers, Hengest and Horsa; who were the sons of 
497Wihtgils; Wihtgils was the son of Witta, Witta of Wecta, Wecta of Woden. From 
498this Woden arose all our royal kindred, and that of the Southumbrians also.
499</font>
500<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 449. And in their days Vortigern invited 
501the Angles thither, and they came to Britain in three ceols, at the place called 
502Wippidsfleet.)) </font>
503<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 450 In the first year of Marcian and 
504Valentinian, Hengest arrives on shores of Britain with &quot;3 keels&quot; of warriors, 
505and are welcomed by Vortigern. This event is known in Latin as the &quot;adventus 
506Saxonum,&quot; the coming of the Saxons. </font>
507
508<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 455. This year Hengest and Horsa fought with 
509Wurtgern the king on the spot that is called Aylesford. His brother Horsa being 
510there slain, Hengest afterwards took to the kingdom with his son Esc. </font>
511<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 457. This year Hengest and Esc fought with 
512the Britons on the spot that is called Crayford, and there slew four thousand 
513men. The Britons then forsook the land of Kent, and in great consternation fled 
514to London. </font>
515<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 458. Saxon uprising in full-swing. Hengest 
516finally conquers Kent, in southeastern Britain. </font>
517<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 465. This year Hengest and Esc fought with 
518the Welsh, nigh Wippedfleet; and there slew twelve leaders, all Welsh. On their 
519side a thane was there slain, whose name was Wipped. </font>
520<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 473. This year Hengest and Esc fought with 
521the Welsh, and took immense Booty. And the Welsh fled from the English like 
522fire. </font>
523<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 477. This year came Ella to Britain, with 
524his three sons, Cymen, and Wlenking, and Cissa, in three ships; landing at a 
525place that is called Cymenshore. There they slew many of the Welsh; and some in 
526flight they drove into the wood that is called Andred'sley. </font>
527<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 482. This year the blessed Abbot Benedict 
528shone in this world, by the splendour of those virtues which the blessed Gregory 
529records in the book of Dialogues. </font>
530<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 485. This year Ella fought with the Welsh 
531nigh Mecred's- Burnsted. </font>
532<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 488. This year Esc succeeded to the kingdom; 
533and was king of the men of Kent twenty-four winters. </font>
534
535<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 490. This year Ella and Cissa besieged the 
536city of Andred, and slew all that were therein; nor was one Briten left there 
537afterwards. </font>
538<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into 
539Britain, <a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a> and 
540Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And 
541they fought with the Welsh the same day. Then he died, and his son Cynric 
542succeeded to the government, and held it six and twenty winters. Then he died; 
543and Ceawlin, his son, succeeded, who reigned seventeen years. Then he died; and 
544Ceol succeeded to the government, and reigned five years. When he died, <a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg71.htm#11251">
545Ceolwulf</a>, his brother, succeeded, and reigned seventeen years. Their kin 
546goeth to <a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>. Then 
547succeeded Cynebils, Ceolwulf's brother's son, to the kingdom; and reigned one 
548and thirty winters. And he first of West-Saxon kings received baptism. Then 
549succeeded Cenwall, who was the son of Cynegils, and reigned one and thirty 
550winters. Then held Sexburga, his queen, the government one year after him. Then 
551succeeded Escwine to the kingdom, whose kin goeth to 
552<a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>, and held it two 
553years. Then succeeded Centwine, the son of Cynegils, to the kingdom of the 
554West-Saxons, and reigned nine years. Then succeeded Ceadwall to the government, 
555whose kin goeth to 
556<a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>, and held it 
557three years. Then succeeded Ina to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, whose kin 
558goeth to 
559<a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>, and reigned 
560thirty-seven winters. Then succeeded Ethelheard, whose kin goeth to 
561<a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>, and reigned 
562sixteen years. Then succeeded Cuthred, whose kin goeth to 
563
564<a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">Cerdic</a>, and reigned 
565sixteen winters. Then succeeded Sigebriht, whose kin goeth to <a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg65.htm#11257">
566Cerdic</a>, and reigned one year. Then succeeded Cynwulf, whose kin goeth to 
567Cerdic, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then succeeded Brihtric, whose kin 
568goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Egbert to the 
569kingdom, and held it seven and thirty winters, and seven months. Then succeeded 
570Ethelwulf, his son, and reigned eighteen years and a half. Ethelwulf was the son 
571of <a href="http://genealogy.ucan.us/admg76.htm#11245">Egbert</a>, Egbert of 
572Ealmund, Ealmund of Eafa, Eafa of Eoppa, Eoppa of Ingild, Ingild of Cenred (Ina 
573of Cenred, Cuthburga of Cenred, and Cwenburga of Cenred), Cenred of Ceolwald, 
574Ceolwald of Cuthwulf, Cuthwulf of Cuthwine, Cuthwine of Celm, Celm of Cynric, 
575Cynric of Creoda, Creoda of Cerdic. Then succeeded Ethelbald, the son of 
576Ethelwulf, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Ethelbert, his 
577brother, and reigned five years. Then succeeded Ethelred, his brother, to the 
578kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Alfred, their brother, to the 
579government. And then had elapsed of his age three and twenty winters, and three 
580hundred and ninety-six winters from the time when his kindred first gained the 
581land of Wessex from the Welsh. And he held the kingdom a year and a half less 
582than thirty winters. Then succeeded Edward, the son of Alfred, and reigned 
583twenty-four winters. When he died, then succeeded Athelstan, his son, and 
584reigned fourteen years and seven weeks and three days. Then succeeded Edmund, 
585his brother, and reigned six years and a half, wanting two nights. Then 
586succeeded Edred, his brother, and reigned nine years and six weeks. Then 
587succeeded Edwy, the son of Edmund, and reigned three years and thirty-six weeks, 
588wanting two days. When he died, then succeeded Edgar, his brother, and reigned 
589sixteen years and eight weeks and two nights. When he died, then succeeded 
590Edward, the son of Edgar, and reigned -- </font>
591<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
592<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 501. This year Porta and his two sons, Beda 
593and Mela, came into Britain, with two ships, at a place called Portsmouth. They 
594soon landed, and slew on the spot a young Briton of very high rank. </font>
595<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 508. Cerdic begins to move inland and 
596defeats British king Natanleod near present-day Southampton. Cerdic and Cynric 
597slew Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named 
598Netley, from him, as far as Charford. </font>
599<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 509. This year St. Benedict, the abbot, 
600father of all the monks, ascended to heaven. </font>
601<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 514. This year came the West-Saxons into 
602Britain, with three ships, at the place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And Stuff 
603and Wihtgar fought with the Britons, and put them to flight. </font>
604
605<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 515. Death of Aelle. Kingdom of Sussex 
606passed to his son, Cissa and his descendents, but over time, diminished into 
607insignificance. </font>
608<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook 
609the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at 
610a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the 
611West-Saxon kings. </font>
612<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 527. This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with 
613the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley. </font>
614<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 530. This year Cerdic and Cynric took the 
615isle of Wight, and slew many men in Carisbrook. </font>
616<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king 
617of the West- Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned 
618afterwards twenty-six winters. And they gave to their two nephews, Stuff and 
619Wihtgar, the whole of the Isle of Wight. </font>
620<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 538. This year the sun was eclipsed, 
621fourteen days before the calends of March, from before morning until nine.
622</font>
623<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 540. This year the sun was eclipsed on the 
624twelfth day before the calends of July; and the stars showed themselves full 
625nigh half an hour over nine. </font>
626<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 544. This year died Wihtgar; and men buried 
627him at Carisbrook. </font>
628<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 547. This year Ida began his reign; from 
629whom first arose the royal kindred of the Northumbrians. Ida was the son of 
630Eoppa, Eoppa of Esa, Esa of Ingwy, Ingwy of Angenwit, Angenwit of Alloc, Alloc 
631of Bennoc, Bennoc of Brand, Brand of Balday, Balday of Woden. Woden of Fritholaf, 
632Fritholaf of Frithowulf, Frithowulf of Finn, Finn of Godolph, Godolph of Geata. 
633Ida reigned twelve years. He built Bamburgh-Castle, which was first surrounded 
634with a hedge, and afterwards with a wall. </font>
635
636<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 552. This year Cynric fought with the 
637Britons on the spot that is called Sarum, and put them to flight. Cerdic was the 
638father of Cynric, Cerdic was the son of Elesa, Elesa of Esla, Esla of Gewis, 
639Gewis of Wye, Wye of Frewin, Frewin of Frithgar, Frithgar of Brand, Brand of 
640Balday, Balday of Woden. In this year Ethelbert, the son of Ermenric, was born, 
641who on the two and thirtieth year of his reign received the rite of baptism, the 
642first of all the kings in Britain. </font>
643<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 556. This year Cynric and Ceawlin fought 
644with the Britons at Beranbury. </font>
645<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 560. This year Ceawlin undertook the 
646government of the West-Saxons; and Ella, on the death of Ida, that of the 
647Northumbrians; each of whom reigned thirty winters. Ella was the son of Iff, Iff 
648of Usfrey, Usfrey of Wilgis, Wilgis of Westerfalcon, Westerfalcon of Seafowl, 
649Seafowl of Sebbald, Sebbald of Sigeat, Sigeat of Swaddy, Swaddy of Seagirt, 
650Seagar of Waddy, Waddy of Woden, Woden of Frithowulf. This year Ethelbert came 
651to the kingdom of the Cantuarians, and held it fifty-three winters. In his days 
652the holy Pope Gregory sent us baptism. That was in the two and thirtieth year of 
653his reign. And Columba, the mass-priest, came to the Picts, and converted them 
654to the belief of Christ. They are the dwellers by the northern moors. And their 
655king gave him the island of Hii, consisting of five hides, as they say, where 
656Columba built a monastary. There he was abbot two and thirty winters; and there 
657he died, when he was seventy-seven years old. The place his successors yet have. 
658The Southern Picts were long before baptized by Bishop Ninnia, who was taught at 
659Rome. His church or monastery is at Hwiterne, hallowed in the name of St. 
660Martin, where he resteth with many holy men. Now, therefore, shall there be ever 
661in Hii an abbot, and no bishop; and to him shall be subject all the bishops of 
662the Scots; because Columba was an abbot -- no bishop. </font>
663<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 565. This year Columba the presbyter came 
664from the Scots among the Britons, to instruct the Picts, and he built a 
665monastery in the island of Hii.)) </font>
666<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 568. This year Ceawlin, and Cutha the 
667brother of Ceawlin, fought with Ethelbert, and pursued him into Kent. And they 
668slew two aldermen at Wimbledon, Oslake and Cnebba. </font>
669<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 571. This year Cuthulf fought with the 
670Britons at Bedford, and took four towns, Lenbury, Aylesbury, Benson, and Ensham. 
671And this same year he died. </font>
672<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 577. This year Cuthwin and Ceawlin fought 
673with the Britons, and slew three kings, Commail, and Condida, and Farinmail, on 
674the spot that is called Derham, and took from them three cities, Gloucester, 
675Cirencester, and Bath. </font>
676<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 583. This year Mauricius succeeded to the 
677empire of the Romans.
678</font>
679<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 584. This year Ceawlin and Cutha fought with 
680the Britons on the spot that is called Fretherne. There Cutha was slain. And 
681Ceawlin took many towns, as well as immense booty and wealth. He then retreated 
682to his own people. </font>
683
684<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 588. This year died King Ella; and Ethelric 
685reigned after him five years. </font>
686<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 591. This year there was a great slaughter 
687of Britons at Wanborough; Ceawlin was driven from his kingdom, and Ceolric 
688reigned six years. </font>
689<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 592. This year Gregory succeeded to the 
690papacy at Rome.
691</font>
692<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 593. This year died Ceawlin, and Cwichelm, 
693and Cryda; and Ethelfrith succeeded to the kingdom of the Northumbrians. He was 
694the son of Ethelric; Ethelric of Ida. </font>
695<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 596. This year Pope Gregory sent Augustine 
696to Britain with very many monks, to preach the word of God to the English 
697people. </font>
698<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 597. This year began Ceolwulf to reign over 
699the West- Saxons; and he constantly fought and conquered, either with the 
700Angles, or the Welsh, or the Picts, or the Scots. He was the son of Cutha, Cutha 
701of Cynric, Cynric of Cerdic, Cerdic of Elesa, Elesa of Gewis, Gewis of Wye, Wye 
702of Frewin, Frewin of Frithgar, Frithgar of Brand, Brand of Balday, and Balday of 
703Woden. The Roman brand of Christianity is brought to Britain for the first time 
704by St. Augustine, the missionary sent from Pope Gregory to convert the Saxons. 
705Augustine founded a monastery and the first church at Canterbury, and was 
706proclaimed its first Archbishop. </font>
707<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 601. This year Pope Gregory sent the pall to 
708Archbishop Augustine in Britain, with very many learned doctors to assist him; 
709and Bishop Paulinus converted Edwin, king of the Northumbrians, to baptism. </font>
710<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 603. This year Aeden, king of the Scots, 
711fought with the Dalreathians, and with Ethelfrith, king of the Northumbrians, at 
712Theakstone; where he lost almost all his army. Theobald also, brother of 
713Ethelfrith, with his whole armament, was slain. None of the Scottish kings durst 
714afterwards bring an army against this nation. Hering, the son of Hussa, led the 
715army thither. </font>
716<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 603. This year Aethan, King of the Scots, 
717fought against the Dalreods and against Ethelfrith, king of the North-humbrians, 
718at Daegsanstane [Dawston?], and they slew almost all his army. There Theodbald, 
719Ethelfrith's brother, was slain with all his band. Since then no king of the 
720Scots has dared to lead an army against this nation. Hering, the son of Hussa, 
721led the enemy thither.)) </font>
722
723<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 604. This year Augustine consecrated two 
724bishops, Mellitus and Justus. Mellitus he sent to preach baptism to the East- 
725Saxons. Their king was called Seabert, the son of Ricola, Ethelbert's sister, 
726whom Ethelbert placed there as king. Ethelbert also gave Mellitus the bishopric 
727of London; and to Justus he gave the bishopric of Rochester, which is 
728twenty-four miles from Canterbury. </font>
729<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 604. This year Augustine consecrated two 
730bishops, Mellitus and Justus. He sent Mellitus to preach baptism to the 
731East-Saxons, whose king was called Sebert, son of Ricole, the sister of 
732Ethelbert, and whom Ethelbert had there appointed king. And Ethelbert gave 
733Mellitus a bishop's see in London, and to Justus he gave Rochester, which is 
734twenty-four miles from Canterbury.)) </font>
735<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 606. This year died Gregory; about ten years 
736since he sent us baptism. His father was called Gordianus, and his mother 
737Silvia. </font>
738<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 607. This year Ceolwulf fought with the 
739South-Saxons. And Ethelfrith led his army to Chester; where he slew an 
740innumerable host of the Welsh; and so was fulfilled the prophecy of Augustine, 
741wherein he saith &quot;If the Welsh will not have peace with us, they shall perish at 
742the hands of the Saxons.&quot; There were also slain two hundred priests, who came 
743thither to pray for the army of the Welsh. Their leader was called Brocmail, who 
744with some fifty men escaped thence. </font>
745<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 611. This year Cynegils succeeded to the 
746government in Wessex, and held it one and thirty winters. Cynegils was the son 
747of Ceol, Ceol of Cutha, Cutha of Cynric. </font>
748<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 614. This year Cynegils and Cwichelm fought 
749at Bampton, and slew two thousand and forty-six of the Welsh. </font>
750<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 616. This year died Ethelbert, king of Kent, 
751the first of English kings that received baptism: he was the son of Ermenric. He 
752reigned fifty-six winters, and was succeeded by his son Eadbald. And in this 
753same year had elapsed from the beginning of the world five thousand six hundred 
754and eighteen winters. This Eadbald renounced his baptism, and lived in a heathen 
755manner; so that he took to wife the relict of his father. Then Laurentius, who 
756was archbishop in Kent, meant to depart southward over sea, and abandon 
757everything. But there came to him in the night the apostle Peter, and severely 
758chastised him, because he would so desert the flock of God. And he charged him 
759to go to the king, and teach him the right belief. And he did so; and the king 
760returned to the right belief. In this king's days the same Laurentius, who was 
761archbishop in Kent after Augustine, departed this life on the second of 
762February, and was buried near Augustine. The holy Augustine in his lifetime 
763invested him bishop, to the end that the church of Christ, which yet was new in 
764England, should at no time after his decease be without an archbishop. After him 
765Mellitus, who was first Bishop of London, succeeded to the archbishopric. The 
766people of London, where Mellitus was before, were then heathens: and within five 
767winters of this time, during the reign of Eadbald, Mellitus died. To him 
768succeeded Justus, who was Bishop of Rochester, whereto he consecrated Romanus 
769bishop. </font>
770<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 616. In that time Laurentius was 
771archbishop, and for the sorrowfulness which he had on account of the king's 
772unbelief he was minded to forsake this country entirely, and go over sea; but 
773St. Peter the apostle scourged him sorely one night, because he wished thus to 
774forsake the flock of God, and commanded him to teach boldly the true faith to 
775the king; and he did so, and the king turned to the right (faith). In the days 
776of this same king, Eadbald, this Laurentius died. The holy Augustine, while yet 
777in sound health, ordained him bishop, in order that the community of Christ, 
778which was yet new in England, should not after his decease be at any time 
779without an archbishop. After him Mellitus, who had been previously Bis
779hop of 
780London, succeeded to the archbishopric. And within five years of the decease of 
781Laurentius, while Eadbald still reigned, Mellitus departed to Christ.)) </font>
782<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
783
784<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 617. This year was Ethelfrith, king of the 
785Northumbrians, slain by Redwald, king of the East-Angles; and Edwin, the son of 
786Ella, having succeeded to the kingdom, subdued all Britain, except the men of 
787Kent alone, and drove out the Ethelings, the sons of Ethelfrith, namely, Enfrid. 
788Oswald, Oswy, Oslac, Oswood. Oslaf, and Offa. </font>
789<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 624. This year died Archbishop Mellitus.
790</font>
791<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 625. This year Paulinus was invested bishop 
792of the Northumbrians, by Archbishop Justus, on the twelfth day before the 
793calends of August. </font>
794<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 625. This year Archbishop Justus 
795consecrated Paulinus bishop of the North-humbrians.)) </font>
796<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 626. This year came Eamer from Cwichelm, 
797king of the West- Saxons, with a design to assassinate King Edwin; but he killed 
798Lilla his thane, and Forthere, and wounded the king. The same night a daughter 
799was born to Edwin, whose name was Eanfleda. Then promised the king to Paulinus, 
800that he would devote his daughter to God, if he would procure at the hand of 
801God, that he might destroy his enemy, who had sent the assassin to him. He then 
802advanced against the West-Saxons with an army, felled on the spot five kings, 
803and slew many of their men. This year Eanfleda, the daughter of King Edwin, was 
804baptized, on the holy eve of Pentecost. And the king within twelve months was 
805baptized, at Easter, with all his people. Easter was then on the twelfth of 
806April. This was done at York, where he had ordered a church to be built of 
807timber, which was hallowed in the name of St. Peter. There the king gave the 
808bishopric to Paulinus; and there he afterwards ordered a larger church to be 
809built of stone. This year Penda began to reign; and reigned thirty winters. He 
810had seen fifty winters when he began to reign. Penda was the son of Wybba, Wybba 
811of Creoda, Creoda of Cynewald, Cynewald of Cnebba, Cnebba of Icel, Icel of 
812Eomer, Eomer of Angelthew, Angelthew of Offa, Offa of Wearmund, Wearmund of 
813Whitley, Whitley of Woden. </font>
814<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 627. This year was King Edwin baptized at 
815Easter, with all his people, by Paulinus, who also preached baptism in Lindsey, 
816where the first person who believed was a certain rich man, of the name of 
817Bleek, with all his people. At this time Honorius succeeded Boniface in the 
818papacy, and sent hither to Paulinus the pall; and Archbishop Justus having 
819departed this life on the tenth of November, Honorius was consecrated at Lincoln 
820Archbishop of Canterbury by Paulinus; and Pope Honorius sent him the pall. And 
821he sent an injunction to the Scots, that they should return to the right 
822celebration of Easter. </font>
823<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 627. This year, at Easter, Paulinus 
824baptized Edwin king of the North-humbrians, with his people; and earlier within 
825the same year, at Pentecost, he had baptized Eanfled, daughter of the same 
826king.)) </font>
827<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 628. This year Cynegils and Cwichelm fought 
828with Penda at Cirencester, and afterwards entered into a treaty there. </font>
829<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 632. This year was Orpwald baptized. </font>
830
831<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 633. This year King Edwin was slain by 
832Cadwalla and Penda, on Hatfield moor, on the fourteenth of October. He reigned 
833seventeen years. His son Osfrid was also slain with him. After this Cadwalla and 
834Penda went and ravaged all the land of the Northumbrians; which when Paulinus 
835saw, he took Ethelburga, the relict of Edwin, and went by ship to Kent. Eadbald 
836and Honorius received him very honourably, and gave him the bishopric of 
837Rochester, where he continued to his death. </font>
838<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 634. This year Osric, whom Paulinus 
839baptized, succeeded to the government of Deira. He was the son of Elfric, the 
840uncle of Edwin. And to Bernicia succeeded Eanfrith, son of Ethelfrith. This year 
841also Bishop Birinus first preached baptism to the West- Saxons, under King 
842Cynegils. The said Birinus went thither by the command of Pope Honorius; and he 
843was bishop there to the end of his life. Oswald also this year succeeded to the 
844government of the Northumbrians, and reigned nine winters. The ninth year was 
845assigned to him on account of the heathenism in which those lived who reigned 
846that one year betwixt him and Edwin. </font>
847<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 635. This year King Cynegils was baptized by 
848Bishop Birinus at Dorchester; and Oswald, king of the Northumbrians, was his 
849sponsor. </font>
850<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 636. This year King Cwichelm was baptized at 
851Dorchester, and died the same year. Bishop Felix also preached to the East- 
852Angles the belief of Christ. </font>
853<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 639. This year Birinus baptized King Cuthred 
854at Dorchester, and received him as his son. </font>
855<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 640. This year died Eadbald, King of Kent, 
856after a reign of twenty-five winters. He had two sons, Ermenred and Erkenbert; 
857and Erkenbert reigned there after his father. He overturned all the idols in the 
858kingdom, and first of English kings appointed a fast before Easter. His daughter 
859was called Ercongota -- holy damsel of an illustrious sire! whose mother was 
860Sexburga, the daughter of Anna, king of the East-Angles. Ermenred also begat two 
861sons, who were afterwards martyred by Thunnor. </font>
862<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 642. This year Oswald, king of the 
863Northumbrians, was slain by Penda, king of the Southumbrians, at Mirfield, on 
864the fifth day of August; and his body was buried at Bardney. His holiness and 
865miracles were afterwards displayed on manifold occasions throughout this island; 
866and his hands remain still uncorrupted at Barnburgh. The same year in which 
867Oswald was slain, Oswy his brother succeeded to the government of the 
868Northumbrians, and reigned two less than thirty years. </font>
869<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 643. This year Kenwal succeeded to the 
870kingdom of the West- Saxons, and held it one and thirty winters. This Kenwal 
871ordered the old church at Winchester to be built in the name of St. Peter. He 
872was the son of Cynegils. </font>
873<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 644. This year died at Rochester, on the 
874tenth of October, Paulinus, who was first Archbishop at York, and afterwards at 
875Rochester. He was bishop nineteen winters, two months, and one and twenty days. 
876This year the son of Oswy's uncle (Oswin), the son of Osric, assumed the 
877government of Deira, and reigned seven winters. </font>
878
879<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 645. This year King Kenwal was driven from 
880his dominion by King Penda. </font>
881<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 646. This year King Kenwal was baptized.
882</font>
883<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 648. This year Kenwal gave his relation 
884Cuthred three thousand hides of land by Ashdown. Cuthred was the son of 
885Cwichelm, Cwichelm of Cynegils. </font>
886<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 650. This year Egelbert, from Gaul, after 
887Birinus the Romish bishop, obtained the bishopric of the West-Saxons. </font>
888<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 650. This year Birinus the bishop died, 
889and Agilbert the Frenchman was ordained.)) </font>
890<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 651. This year King Oswin was slain, on the 
891twentieth day of August; and within twelve nights afterwards died Bishop Aidan, 
892on the thirty-first of August. </font>
893<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 652. This year Kenwal fought at Bradford by 
894the Avon.
895</font>
896<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 653. This year, the Middle-Angles under 
897alderman Peada received the right belief. </font>
898<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 654. This year King Anna was slain, and 
899Botolph began to build that minster at Icanhoe. This year also died Archbishop 
900Honorius, on the thirtieth of September. </font>
901
902<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
903<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 655. This year Penda was slain at Wingfield, 
904and thirty royal personages with him, some of whom were kings. One of them was 
905Ethelhere, brother of Anna, king of the East-Angles. The Mercians after this 
906became Christians. From the beginning of the world had now elapsed five thousand 
907eight hundred and fifty winters, when Peada, the son of Penda, assumed the 
908government of the Mercians. In his time came together himself and Oswy, brother 
909of King Oswald, and said, that they would rear a minster to the glory of Christ, 
910and the honour of St. Peter. And they did so, and gave it the name of 
911Medhamsted; because there is a well there, called Meadswell. And they began the 
912groundwall, and wrought thereon; after which they committed the work to a monk, 
913whose name was Saxulf. He was very much the friend of God, and him also loved 
914all people. He was nobly born in the world, and rich: he is now much richer with 
915Christ. But King Peada reigned no while; for he was betrayed by his own queen, 
916in Easter-tide. This year Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, consecrated Deus-dedit 
917to Canterbury, on the twenty-sixth day of March. </font>
918<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 656. This year was Peada slain; and 
919Wulfhere, son of Penda, succeeded to the kingdom of the Mercians. In his time 
920waxed the abbey of Medhamsted very rich, which his brother had begun. The king 
921loved it much, for the love of his brother Peada, and for the love of his 
922wed-brother Oswy, and for the love of Saxulf the abbot. He said, therefore, that 
923he would dignify and honour it by the counsel of his brothers, Ethelred and 
924Merwal; and by the counsel of his sisters, Kyneburga and Kyneswitha; and by the 
925counsel of the archbishop, who was called Deus-dedit; and by the counsel of all 
926his peers, learned and lewd, that in his kingdom were. And he so did. Then sent 
927the king after the abbot, that he should immediately come to him. And he so did. 
928Then said the king to the abbot: &quot;Beloved Saxulf, I have sent after thee for the 
929good of my soul; and I will plainly tell thee for why. My brother Peada and my 
930beloved friend Oswy began a minster, for the love of Christ and St. Peter: but 
931my brother, as Christ willed, is departed from this life; I will therefore 
932intreat thee, beloved friend, that they earnestly proceed on their work; and I 
933will find thee thereto gold and silver, land and possessions, and all that 
934thereto behoveth.&quot; Then went the abbot home, and began to work. So he sped, as 
935Christ permitted him;
935 so that in a few years was that minster ready. Then, when 
936the king heard say that, he was very glad; and bade men send through all the 
937nation, after all his thanes; after the archbishop, and after bishops: and after 
938his earls; and after all those that loved God; that they should come to him. And 
939he fixed the day when men should hallow the minster. And when they were 
940hallowing the minster, there was the king, Wulfere, and his brother Ethelred, 
941and his sisters, Kyneburga and Kyneswitha. And the minster was hallowed by 
942Archbishop Deusdedit of Canterbury; and the Bishop of Rochester, Ithamar; and 
943the Bishop of London, who was called Wina; and the Bishop of the Mercians, whose 
944name was Jeruman; and Bishop Tuda. And there was Wilfrid, priest, that after was 
945bishop; and there were all his thanes that were in his kingdom. When the minster 
946was hallowed, in the name of St. Peter, and St. Paul, and St. Andrew, then stood 
947up the king before all his thanes, and said with a loud voice: &quot;Thanks be to the 
948high almighty God for this worship that here is done; and I will this day 
949glorify Christ and St. Peter, and I will that you all confirm my words. -- I 
950Wulfere give to-day to St. Peter, and the Abbot Saxulf, and the monks of the 
951minster, these lands, and these waters, and meres, and fens, and weirs, and all 
952the lands that thereabout lye, that are of my kingdom, freely, so that no man 
953have there any ingress, but the abbot and the monks. This is the gift. From 
954Medhamsted to Northborough; and so to the place that is called Foleys; and so 
955all the fen, right to Ashdike; and from Ashdike to the place called Fethermouth; 
956and so in a right line ten miles long to Ugdike; and so to Ragwell; and from 
957Ragwell five miles to the main river that goeth to Elm and to Wisbeach; and so 
958about three miles to Trokenholt; and from Trokenholt right through all the fen 
959to Derworth; that is twenty miles long; and so to Great Cross; and from Great 
960Cross through a clear water called Bradney; and thence six miles to Paxlade; and 
961so forth through all the meres and fens that lye toward Huntingdon-port; and the 
962meres and lakes Shelfermere and Wittlesey mere, and all the others that 
963thereabout lye; with land and with houses that are on the east side of 
964Shelfermere; thence all the fens to Medhamsted; from Medhamsted all to 
965Welmsford; from Welmsford to Clive; thence to Easton; from Easton to Stamford; 
966from Stamford as the water runneth to the aforesaid Northborough.&quot; -- These are 
967the lands and the fens that the king gave unto St. Peter's minster. -- Then 
968quoth the king: &quot;It is little -- this gift -- but I will that they hold it so 
969royally and so freely, that there be taken there from neither gild nor gable, 
970but for the monks alone. Thus I will free this minster; that it be not subject 
971except to Rome alone; and hither I will that we seek St. Peter, all that to Rome 
972cannot go.&quot; During these words the abbot desired that he would gant him his 
973request. And the king granted it. &quot;I have here (said he) some good monks that 
974would lead their life in retirement, if they wist where. Now here is an island, 
975that is called Ankerig; and I will request, that we may there build a minster to 
976the honour of St. Mary; that they may dwell there who will lead their lives in 
977peace and tranquillity.&quot; Then answered the king, and quoth thus: &quot;Beloved 
978Saxulf, not that only which thou desirest, but all things that I know thou 
979desirest in our Lord's behalf, so I approve, and grant. And I bid thee, brother 
980Ethelred, and my sisters, Kyneburga and Kyneswitha, for the release of your 
981souls, that you be witnesses, and that you subscribe it with your fingers. And I 
982pray all that come after me, be they my sons, be they my brethren, or kings that 
983come after me, that our gift may stand; as they would be partakers of the life 
984everlasting, and as they would avoid everlasting punishment. Whoso lesseneth our 
985gift, or the gift of other good men, may the heavenly porter lessen him in the 
986kingdom of heaven; and whoso advanceth it, may the heavenly porter advance him 
987in the kingdom of heaven.&quot; These are the witnesses that were there, and that 
988subscribed it with their fingers on the cross of Christ, and confirmed it with 
989their tongues. That was, first the king, Wulfere, who confirmed it first with 
990his word, and afterwards wrote with his finger on the cross of Christ, saying 
991thus: &quot;I Wulfere, king, in the presence of kings, and of earls, and of captains, 
992and of thanes, the witnesses of my gift, before the Archbishop Deus-dedit, I 
993confirm it with the cross of Christ.&quot; (+) -- &quot;And I Oswy, king of the 
994Northumbrians, the friend of this minster, and o&#339; the Abbot Saxulf, commend it 
995with the cross of Christ.&quot; (+) -- &quot;And I Sighere, king, ratify it with the cross 
996of Christ.&quot; (+) -- &quot;And I Sibbi, king, subscribe it with the cross of Christ.&quot; 
997(+) -- &quot;And I Ethelred, the king's brother, granted the same with the cross of 
998Christ.&quot; (+) -- &quot;And we, the king's sisters, Kyneburga and Kyneswitha, approve 
999it.&quot; -- &quot;And I Archbishop of Canterbury, Deus-dedit, ratify it.&quot; -- Then 
1000confirmed it all the others that were there with the cross of Christ (+): 
1001namely, Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester; Wina, Bishop of London; Jeruman, Bishop of 
1002the Mercians; and Tuda, bishop; and Wilfrid, priest, who was afterwards bishop; 
1003and Eoppa, priest, whom the king, Wulfere, sent to preach christianity in the 
1004Isle of Wight; and Saxulf, abbot; and Immine, alderman, and Edbert, alderman, 
1005and Herefrith, alderman, and Wilbert, alderman, and Abo, alderman; Ethelbald, 
1006Brord, Wilbert, Elmund, Frethegis. These, and many others that were there, the 
1007king's most loyal subjects, confirmed it all. This charter was written after our 
1008Lord's Nativity 664 -- the seventh year of King Wulfere -- the ninth year of 
1009Archbishop Deus-dedir. Then they laid God's curse, and the curse of all saints, 
1010and all christian folks, on whosoever undid anything that there was done. &quot;So be 
1011it,&quot; saith all. &quot;Amen.&quot; -- When this thing was done, then sent the king to Rome 
1012to the Pope Vitalianus that then was, and desired, that he would ratify with his 
1013writ and with his blessing, all this aforesaid thing. And the pope then sent his 
1014writ, thus saying: &quot;I Vitalianus, pope, grant thee, King Wulfere, and 
1015Deus-dedit, archbishop, and Abbot Saxulf, all the things that you desire. And I 
1016forbid, that any king, or any man, have any ingress, but the abbot alone; nor 
1017shall he be Subject to any man, except the Pope of Rome and the Archbishop of 
1018Canterbury. If any one breaketh anything of this, St. Peter with his sword 
1019destroy him. Whosoever holdeth it, St. Peter with heaven's key undo him the 
1020kingdom of heaven.&quot; -- Thus was the minster of Medhamsted begun, that was 
1021afterwards called Peter-borough. Afterwards came another archbishop to 
1022Canterbury, who was called Theodorus; a very good man and wise; and held his 
1023synod with his bishops and with his clerk. There was Wilfrid, bishop of the 
1024Mercians, deprived of his bishopric; and Saxulf, abbot, was there chosen bishop; 
1025and Cuthbald, monk of the same minster, was chosen abbot. This synod was holden 
1026after our Lord's Nativity six hundred and seventy-three winters. </font>
1027<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 658. This year Kenwal fought with the Welsh 
1028at Pen, and pursued them to the Parret. This battle was fought after his return 
1029from East-Anglia, where he was three years in exile. Penda had driven him 
1030thither and deprived him of his kingdom, because he had discarded his sister. </font>
1031<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 660. This year Bishop Egelbert departed from 
1032Kenwal; and Wina held the bishopric three years. And Egbert accepted the 
1033bishopric of Paris, in Gaul, by the Seine. </font>
1034<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 661. This year, at Easter, Kenwal fought at 
1035Pontesbury; and Wulfere, the son of Penda, pursued him as far as Ashdown. 
1036Cuthred, the son of Cwichelm, and King Kenbert, died in one year. Into the Isle 
1037of Wight also Wulfere, the son of Penda, penetrated, and transferred the 
1038inhabitants to Ethelwald, king of the South-Saxons, because Wulfere adopted him 
1039in baptism. And Eoppa, a mass-priest, by command of Wilfrid and King Wulfere, 
1040was the first of men who brought baptism to the people of the Isle of Wight. </font>
1041<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 664. This year the sun was eclipsed, on the 
1042eleventh of May; and Erkenbert, King of Kent, having died, Egbert his son 
1043succeeded to the kingdom. Colman with his companions this year returned to his 
1044own country. This same year there was a great plague in the island Britain, in 
1045which died Bishop Tuda, who was buried at Wayleigh -- Chad and Wilferth were 
1046consecrated -- And Archbishop Deus-dedit died. </font>
1047<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 667. This year Oswy and Egbert sent Wighard, 
1048a priest, to Rome, that he might be consecrated there Archbishop of Canterbury; 
1049but he died as soon as he came thither. </font>
1050
1051<p><font face="Arial" size="2">
1051((A.D. 667. This year Wighard went to Rome, even 
1052as King Oswy, and Egbert had sent him.)) </font>
1053<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 668. This year Theodore was consecrated 
1054archbishop, and sent into Britain. </font>
1055<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 669. This year King Egbert gave to Bass, a 
1056mass-priest, Reculver -- to build a minster upon. </font>
1057<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 670. This year died Oswy, King of 
1058Northumberland, on the fifteenth day before the calends of March; and Egferth 
1059his son reigned after him. Lothere, the nephew of Bishop Egelbert, succeeded to 
1060the bishopric over the land of the West-Saxons, and held it seven years. He was 
1061consecrated by Archbishop Theodore. Oswy was the son of Ethelfrith, Ethelfrith 
1062of Ethelric, Ethelric of Ida, Ida of Eoppa. </font>
1063<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 671. This year happened that great 
1064destruction among the fowls. </font>
1065<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 672. This year died King Cenwal; and 
1066Sexburga his queen held the government one year after him. </font>
1067<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 673. This year died Egbert, King of Kent; 
1068and the same year there was a synod at Hertford; and St. Etheldritha began that 
1069monastery at Ely. </font>
1070<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 674. This year Escwin succeeded to the 
1071kingdom of Wessex. He was the son of Cenfus, Cenfus of Cenferth, Cenferth of 
1072Cuthgils, Cuthgils of Ceolwulf, Ceolwulf of Cynric, Cynric of Cerdic. </font>
1073<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 675. This year Wulfere, the son of Penda, 
1074and Escwin, the son of Cenfus, fought at Bedwin. The same year died Wulfere, and 
1075Ethelred succeeded to the government. In his time sent he to Rome Bishop Wilfrid 
1076to the pope that then was, called Agatho, and told him by word and by letter, 
1077how his brothers Peada and Wulfere, and the Abbot Saxulf, had wrought a minster, 
1078called Medhamsted; and that they had freed it, against king and against bishop, 
1079from every service; and he besought him that he would confirm it with his writ 
1080and with his blessing. And the pope sent then his writ to England, thus saying: 
1081&quot;I Agatho, Pope of Rome, greet well the worthy Ethelred, king of the Mercians, 
1082and the Archbishop Theodorus of Canterbury, and Saxulf, the bishop of the 
1083Mercians, who before was abbot, and all the abbots that are in England; God's 
1084greeting and my blessing. I have heard the petition of King Ethelred, and of the 
1085Archbishop Theodorus, and of the Bishop Saxulf, and of the Abbot Cuthbald; and I 
1086will it, that it in all wise be as you have spoken it. And I ordain, in behalf 
1087of God, and of St. Peter, and of all saints, and of every hooded head, that 
1088neither king, nor bishop, nor earl, nor any man whatever, have any claim, or 
1089gable, or gild, or levy, or take any service of any kind, from the abbey of 
1090Medhamsted. I command also, that no shire-bishop be so bold as to hold an 
1091ordination or consecration within this abbacy, except the abbot intreat him, nor 
1092have there any claim to proxies, or synodals, or anything whatever of any kind. 
1093And I will, that the abbot be holden for legate of Rome over all that island; 
1094and whatever abbot is there chosen by the monks that he be consecrated by the 
1095Archbishop of Canterbury. I will and decree, that, whatever man may have made a 
1096vow to go to Rome, and cannot perform it, either from infirmity, or for his 
1097lord's need, or from poverty, or from any other necessity of any kind whatever, 
1098whereby he cannot come thither, be he of England, or of whatever other island he 
1099be, he may come to that minster of Medhamsted, and have the same forgiveness of 
1100Christ and St. Peter, and of the abbot, and of the monks, that he should have if 
1101he went to Rome. Now bid I thee, brother Theodorus, that thou let it be 
1102proclaimed through all England, that a synod be gathered, and this writ be read 
1103and observed. Also I tell thee, Bishop Saxulf, that, as thou desirest it, that 
1104the minster be free, so I forbid thee, and all the bishops that after thee come, 
1105from Christ and from all his saints, that ye have no demand from that minster, 
1106except so much as the abbot will. Now will I say in a word, that, whoso holdeth 
1107this writ and this decree, then be he ever dwelling with God Almighty in the 
1108kingdom of heaven. And whoso breaketh it, then be he excommunicated, and thrust 
1109down with Judas, and with all the devils in hell, except he come to repentance. 
1110Amen!&quot; This writ sent the Pope Agatho, and a hundred and twenty-five bishops, by 
1111Wilfrid, Archbishop of York, to England. This was done after our Lord's Nativity 
1112680, the sixth year of King Ethelred. Then the king commanded the Archbishop 
1113Theodorus, that he should appoint a general Wittenmoot at the place called 
1114Hatfield. When they were there collected, then he allowed the letter to be read 
1115that the pope sent thither; and all ratified and confirmed it. Then said the 
1116king: &quot;All things that my brother Peada, and my brother Wulfere, and my sisters, 
1117Kyneburga and Kyneswitha, gave and granted to St. Peter and the abbot, these I 
1118will may stand; and I will in my day increase it, for their souls and for my 
1119soul. Now give I St. Peter to-day into his minster, Medhamsted, these lands, and 
1120all that thereto lyeth; that is, Bredon, Repings, Cadney, Swineshead, Hanbury, 
1121Lodeshall, Scuffanhall, Cosford, Stratford, Wattleburn, Lushgard, 
1122Ethelhun-island, Bardney. These lands I give St. Peter just as freely as I 
1123possessed them myself; and so, that none of my successors take anything 
1124therefrom. Whoso doeth it, have he the curse of the Pope of Rome, and the curse 
1125of all bishops, and of all those that are witnesses here. And this I confirm 
1126with the token of Christ.&quot; (+) &quot;I Theodorus, Archbishop of Canterbury, am 
1127witness to this charter of Medhamsted; and I ratify it with my hand, and I 
1128excommunicate all that break anything thereof; and I bless all that hold it.&quot; 
1129(+) &quot;I Wilfrid, Archbishop of York, am witness to this charter; and I ratify 
1130this same curse.&quot; (+) &quot;I Saxulf, who was first abbot, and now am bishop, I give 
1131my curse, and that of all my successors, to those who break this.&quot; -- &quot;I 
1132Ostritha, Ethelred's queen, confirm it.&quot; -- &quot;I Adrian, legate, ratify it.&quot; -- &quot;I 
1133Putta, Bishop of Rochester, subscribe it.&quot; -- &quot;I Waldhere, Bishop of London, 
1134confirm it.&quot; -- &quot;I Cuthbald, abbot, ratify it; so that, whoso breaketh it, have 
1135he the cursing of all bishops and of all christian folk. Amen.&quot; </font>
1136
1137<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
1138<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 676. This year, in which Hedda succeeded to 
1139his bishopric, Escwin died; and Centwin obtained the government of the West- 
1140Saxons. Centwin was the son of Cynegils, Cynegils of Ceolwulf. Ethelred, king of 
1141the Mercians, in the meantime, overran the land of Kent. </font>
1142<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 678. This year appeared the comet-star in 
1143August, and shone every morning, during three months, like a sunbeam. Bishop 
1144Wilfrid being driven from his bishopric by King Everth, two bishops were 
1145consecrated in his stead, Bosa over the Deirians, and Eata over the Bernicians. 
1146About the same time also Eadhed was consecrated bishop over the people of 
1147Lindsey, being the first in that division. </font>
1148<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 679. This year Elwin was slain, by the river 
1149Trent, on the spot where Everth and Ethelred fought. This year also died St. 
1150Etheldritha; and the monastery of Coldingiham was destroyed by fire from heaven. </font>
1151<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 680. This year Archbishop Theodore appointed 
1152a synod at Hatfield; because he was desirous of rectifying the belief of Christ; 
1153and the same year died Hilda, Abbess of Whitby. </font>
1154<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 681. This year Trumbert was consecrated 
1155Bishop of Hexham, and Trumwin bishop of the Picts; for they were at that time 
1156subject to this country. This year also Centwin pursued the Britons to the sea. </font>
1157<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 684. This year Everth sent an army against 
1158the Scots, under the command of his alderman, Bright, who lamentably plundered 
1159and burned the churches of God. </font>
1160<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 685. This year King Everth commanded 
1161Cuthbert to be consecrated a bishop; and Archbishop Theodore, on the first day 
1162of Easter, consecrated him at York Bishop of Hexham; for Trumbert had been 
1163deprived of that see. The same year Everth was slain by the north sea, and a 
1164large army with him, on the thirteenth day before the calends of June. He 
1165continued king fifteen winters; and his brother Elfrith succeeded him in the 
1166government. Everth was the son of Oswy. Oswy of Ethelferth, Ethelferth of 
1167Ethelric, Ethelric of Ida, Ida of Eoppa. About this time Ceadwall began to 
1168struggle for a kingdom. Ceadwall was the son of Kenbert, Kenbert of Chad, Chad 
1169of Cutha, Cutha of Ceawlin, Ceawlin of Cynric, Cynric of Cerdic. Mull, who was 
1170afterwards consigned to the flames in Kent, was the brother of Ceadwall. The 
1171same year died Lothhere, King of Kent; and John was consecrated Bishop of 
1172Hexham, where he remained till Wilferth was restored, when John was translated 
1173to York on the death of Bishop Bosa. Wilferth his priest was afterwards 
1174consecrated Bishop of York, and John retired to his monastery in the woods of 
1175Delta. This year there was in Britain a bloody rain, and milk and butter were 
1176turned to blood. </font>
1177
1178<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 685. And in this same year Cuthbert was 
1179consecrated Bishop of Hexham by Archbishop Theodore at York, because Bishop 
1180Tumbert had been driven from the bishopric.)) </font>
1181<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 686. This year Ceadwall and his brother Mull 
1182spread devastation in Kent and the Isle of Wight. This same Ceadwall gave to St. 
1183Peter's minster, at Medhamsted, Hook; which is situated in an island called 
1184Egborough. Egbald at this time was abbot, who was the third after Saxulf; and 
1185Theodore was archbishop in Kent. </font>
1186<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 687. This year was Mull consigned to the 
1187flames in Kent, and twelve other men with him; after which, in the same year, 
1188Ceadwall overran the kingdom of Kent. </font>
1189<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 688. This year Ceadwall went to Rome, and 
1190received baptism at the hands of Sergius the pope, who gave him the name of 
1191Peter; but in the course of seven nights afterwards, on the twelfth day before 
1192the calends of May, he died in his crisom-cloths, and was buried in the church 
1193of St. Peter. To him succeeded Ina in the kingdom of Wessex, and reigned 
1194thirty-seven winters. He founded the monastery of Glastonbury; after which he 
1195went to Rome, and continued there to the end of his life. Ina was the son of 
1196Cenred, Cenred of Ceolwald; Ceolwald was the brother of Cynegils; and both were 
1197the sons of Cuthwin, who was the son of Ceawlin; Ceawlin was the son of Cynric, 
1198and Cynric of Cerdic. </font>
1199<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 688. This year King Caedwalla went to 
1200Rome, and received baptism of Pope Sergius, and he gave him the name of Peter, 
1201and in about seven days afterwards, on the twelfth before the kalends of May, 
1202while he was yet in his baptismal garments, he died: and he was buried in St. 
1203Peter's church. And Ina succeeded to the kingdom of the West-Saxons after him, 
1204and he reigned twenty-seven years.)) </font>
1205<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 690. This year Archbishop Theodore, who had 
1206been bishop twenty-two winters, departed this life, and was buried within the 
1207city of Canterbury. Bertwald, who before this was abbot of Reculver, on the 
1208calends of July succeeded him in the see; which was ere this filled by Romish 
1209bishops, but henceforth with English. Then were there two kings in Kent, Wihtred 
1210and Webherd. </font>
1211<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 693. This year was Bertwald consecrated 
1212archbishop by Godwin, bishop of the Gauls, on the fifth day before the nones of 
1213July; about which time died Gifmund, who was Bishop of Rochester; and Archbishop 
1214Bertwald consecrated Tobias in his stead. This year also Dryhtelm retired from 
1215the world. </font>
1216<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 694. This year the people of Kent covenanted 
1217with Ina, and gave him 30,000 pounds in friendship, because they had burned his 
1218brother Mull. Wihtred, who succeeded to the kingdom of Kent, and held it 
1219thirty-three winters, was the son of Egbert, Egbert of Erkenbert, Erkenbert of 
1220Eadbald, Eadbald of Ethelbert. And as soon as he was king, he ordained a great 
1221council to meet in the place that is called Bapchild; in which presided Wihtred, 
1222King of Kent, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Brihtwald, and Bishop Tobias of 
1223Rochester; and with him were collected abbots and abbesses, and many wise men, 
1224all to consult about the advantage of God's churches that are in Kent. Now began 
1225the king to speak, and said, &quot;I will that all the minsters and the churches, 
1226that were given and bequeathed to the worship of God in the days of believing 
1227kings, my predecessors, and in the days of my relations of King Ethelbert and of 
1228those that followed him -- shall so remain to the worship of God, and stand fast 
1229for evermore. For I Wihtred, earthly king, urged on by the heavenly king, and 
1230with the spirit of righteousness annealed, have of our progenitors learned this, 
1231that no layman should have any right to possess himself of any church or of any 
1232of the things that belong to the church. And, therefore, strongly and truly, we 
1233set and decree, and in the name of Almighty God, and of all saints, we forbid 
1234all our succeeding kings, and aldermen, and all lawmen, ever, any lordship over 
1235churches, and over all their appurtenances, which I or my elders in old days 
1236have given for a perpetual inheritance to the glory of Christ and our Lady St. 
1237Mary, and the holy apostles. And look! when it happeneth, that bishop, or abbot, 
1238or abbess, depart from this life, be it told the archbishop, and with his 
1239counsel and injunction be chosen such as be worthy. And the life of him, that 
1240shall be chosen to so holy a thing, let the archbishop examine, and his 
1241cleanness; and in no wise be chosen any one, or to so holy a thing consecrated, 
1242without the archbishop's counsel. Kings shall appoint earls, and aldermen, 
1243sheriffs, and judges; but the archbishop shall consult and provide for God's 
1244flock: bishops, and abbots, and abbesses, and priests, and deacons, he shall 
1245choose and appoint; and also sanctify and confirm with good precepts and 
1246example, lest that any of God's flock go astray and perish --&quot; </font>
1247<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">Back to the top</a> </font>
1248
1249<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 697. This year the Southumbrians slew 
1250Ostritha, the queen of Ethelred, the sister of Everth. </font>
1251<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 699. This year the Picts slew Alderman Burt.
1252</font>
1253<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 702. This year Kenred assumed the government 
1254of the Southumbrians.
1255</font>
1256<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 703. This year died Bishop Hedda, having 
1257held the see of Winchester twenty-seven winters. </font>
1258<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 704. This year Ethelred, the son of Penda, 
1259King of Mercia, entered into a monastic life, having reigned twenty-nine 
1260winters; and Cenred succeeded to the government. </font>
1261<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 705. This year died Ealdferth, king of the 
1262Northumbrians, on the nineteenth day before the calends of January, at 
1263Driffield; and was succeeded by his son Osred. Bishop Saxulf also died the same 
1264year. </font>
1265<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 709. This year died Aldhelm, who was bishop 
1266by Westwood. The land of the West-Saxons was divided into two bishoprics in the 
1267first days of Bishop Daniel; who held one whilst Aldhelm held the other. Before 
1268this it was only one. Forthere succeeded to Aldhelm; and Ceolred succeeded to 
1269the kingdom of Mercia. And Cenred went to Rome; and Offa with him. And Cenred 
1270was there to the end of his life. The same year died Bishop Wilferth, at Oundle, 
1271but his body was carried to Ripon. He was the bishop whom King Everth compelled 
1272to go to Rome. </font>
1273<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 710. This year Acca, priest of Wilferth, 
1274succeeded to the bishopric that Wilferth ere held; and Alderman Bertfrith fought 
1275with the Picts between Heugh and Carau. Ina also, and Nun his relative, fought 
1276with Grant, king of the Welsh; and the same year Hibbald was slain. </font>
1277<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 714. This year died Guthlac the holy, and 
1278King Pepin.
1279
1280</font>
1281<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 715. This year Ina and Ceolred fought at 
1282Wanborough; and King Dagobert departed this life. </font>
1283<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 716. This year Osred, king of the 
1284Northumbrians, was slain near the southern borders. He reigned eleven winters 
1285after Ealdferth. Cenred then succeeded to the government, and held it two years; 
1286then Osric, who held it eleven years. This same year died Ceolred, king of the 
1287Mercians. His body lies at Lichfield; but that of Ethelred, the son of Penda, at 
1288Bardney. Ethelbald then succeeded to the kingdom of Mercia, and held it one and 
1289forty winters. Ethelbald was the son of Alwy, Alwy of Eawa, Eawa of Webba, whose 
1290genealogy is already written. The venerable Egbert about this time converted the 
1291monks of Iona to the right faith, in the regulation of Easter, and the 
1292ecclesiastical tonsure. </font>
1293<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 718. This year died Ingild, the brother of 
1294Ina. Cwenburga and Cuthburga were their sisters. Cuthburga reared the monastery 
1295of Wimburn; and, though given in marriage to Ealdferth, King of Northumberland, 
1296they parted during their lives. </font>
1297<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 721. This year Bishop Daniel went to Rome; 
1298and the same year Ina slew Cynewulf, the etheling. This year also died the holy 
1299Bishop John; who was bishop thirty-three years, and eight months, and thirteen 
1300days. His body now resteth at Beverley. </font>
1301<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 722. This year Queen Ethelburga destroyed 
1302Taunton, which Ina had formerly built; Ealdbert wandered a wretched exile in 
1303Surrey and Sussex; and Ina fought with the South-Saxons. </font>
1304<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 725. This year died Wihtred, King of Kent, 
1305on the ninth day before the calends of May, after a reign of thirty-two winters. 
1306His pedigree is above; and he was succeeded by Eadbert. Ina this year also 
1307fought with the South-Saxons, and slew Ealdbert, the etheling, whom he had 
1308before driven into exile. </font>
1309<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 727. This year died Tobias, Bishop of 
1310Rochester: and Archbishop Bertwald consecrated Aldulf bishop in his stead. </font>
1311<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 728. This year Ina went to Rome, and there 
1312gave up the ghost. He was succeeded in the kingdom of Wessex by Ethelhard his 
1313relative, who held it fourteen years; but he fought this same year with Oswald 
1314the etheling. Oswald was the son of Ethelbald, Ethelbald of Cynebald, Cynebald 
1315of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Ceawlin. </font>
1316
1317<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 729. This year appeared the comet-star, and 
1318St. Egbert died in Iona. This year also died the etheling Oswald; and Osric was 
1319slain, who was eleven winters king of Northumberland; to which kingdom Ceolwulf 
1320succeeded, and held it eight years. The said Ceolwulf was the son of Cutha, 
1321Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Leodwald, Leodwald of Egwald, Egwald of Ealdhelm, 
1322Ealdhelm of Occa, Occa of Ida, Ida of Eoppa. Archbishop Bertwald died this year 
1323on the ides of January. He was bishop thirty-seven winters, and six months, and 
1324fourteen days. The same year Tatwine, who was before a priest at Bredon 
1324in 
1325Mercia, was consecrated archbishop by Daniel Bishop of Winchester, Ingwald 
1326Bishop of London, Aldwin Bishop of Lichfield, and Aldulf Bishop of Rochester, on 
1327the tenth day of June. He enjoyed the archbishopric about three years. </font>
1328<p><font face="Arial" size="2">((A.D. 729. And the same year Osric died; he was 
1329king eleven years; then Ceolwulf succeeded to the kingdom, and held it eight 
1330years.)) </font>
1331<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 733. This year Ethelbald took Somerton; the 
1332sun was eclipsed; and Acca was driven from his bishopric. </font>
1333<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 734. This year was the moon as if covered 
1334with blood; and Archbishop Tatwine and Bede departed this life; and Egbert was 
1335consecrated bishop. </font>
1336<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 735. This year Bishop Egbert received the 
1337pall at Rome.
1338</font>
1339<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 736. This year Archbishop Nothelm received 
1340the pall from the bishop of the Romans. </font>
1341<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 737. This year Bishop Forthere and Queen 
1342Frithogitha went to Rome; and King Ceolwulf received the clerical tonsure, 
1343giving his kingdom to Edbert, his uncle's son: who reigned one and twenty 
1344winters. Bishop Ethelwold and Acca died this year, and Cynewulf was consecrated 
1345bishop. The same year also Ethelbald ravaged the land of the Northumbrians. </font>
1346<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 738. This year Eadbery, the son of Eata the 
1347son of Leodwald, succeeded to the Northumbrian kingdom, and held it one and 
1348twenty winters. Archbishop Egbert, the son of Eata, was his brother. They both 
1349rest under one porch in the city of York. </font>
1350<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 740. This year died King Ethelhard; and 
1351Cuthred, his relative, succeeded to the West-Saxon kingdom, which he held 
1352fourteen winters, during which time he fought many hard battles with Ethelbald, 
1353king of the Mercians. On the death of Archbishop Nothelm, Cuthbert was 
1354consecrated archbishop, and Dunn, Bishop of Rochester. This year York was on 
1355fire. </font>
1356
1357<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 742. This year there was a large synod 
1358assembled at Cliff's-Hoo; and there was Ethelbald, king of Mercia, with 
1359Archbishop Cuthbert, and many other wise men. </font>
1360<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 743. This year Ethelbald, king of Mercia, 
1361and Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons, fought with the Welsh. </font>
1362<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 744. This year Daniel resigned the see of 
1363Winchester; to which Hunferth was promoted. The stars went swiftly shooting; and 
1364Wilferth the younger, who had been thirty winters Bishop of York, died on the 
1365third day before the calends of May. </font>
1366<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 745. This year died Daniel. Forty-three 
1367winters had then elapsed since he received the episcopal function. </font>
1368<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 746. This year was King Selred slain.
1369</font>
1370<p><font face="Arial" size="2">A.D. 748. This year was slain Cynric, etheling of 
1371the West- Saxons; Edbert, King of Kent, died; and Ethelbert, son of King Wihtred, 
1372succeeded to the kingdom. </font>
1373<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><a href="#toc">
1374Back to the top</a> </font>
1375<p>
1376        
1377
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1416</body></html>

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