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256<!-- END SHAREAHOLIC CODE --></head> 257<body style="margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0;" onload="resizeFunction();"> 258<!-------- NOTE, WE USE THE PURE "DIV" LAYOUT REGARDLESS -------- 259 -------- Google Translate is enveloped around content --------- 260#layout 261 <a #menuLink (PURE hamburger icon)></a> 262 #topmenu - horizontal menu fixed to top [NOT aligned with content unless done in page styles] 263 #menu - PURE sidebar hideable menu fixed to side 264 #innermenu - contains sidebar content 265 #main - getting to content 266 .envelope 267 #header 268 .content - basically the page, here 269 .content-body, everything before... 270 .pagenav (can be moved up INTO #content with <pagenav> tag = page_nav.ssi 271 .pagetrailer = page_trailer.ssi 272 .bottomnav = page_bottombar.ssi 273 .propbottomnav = propagate_bottombar.ssi 274 #topBtn - pops up after scrolling down for a bit, return to top of page button 275 <div clear=both></div> 276 .sitetrailer = site_trailer.ssi 277--> 278<div id=layout class=our><span style="position: fixed; 279 top: 0; 280 left: 0; /* optional, usually implied */ 281 z-index: 10000; /* ensures it sits above other content */" id=ourburger>≡</span> 282 <div id=abovetop> </div><div id=topmenu class=our> 283 <!-- TOPMENU some variant of paint_tab... ...nested is the most powerful --> 284 <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal custom-can-transform wrap"> 285<ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-list"> 286<!-- PARKED --><li class="mCM_parked mCM_el1 mCM_el_active pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Home</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 287<li class=" mCM_el1 mCM_el_active pure-menu-item pure-menu-selected"><span class="pure-menu-link">Welcome!</span></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_plus1 pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Home/notwiki.ssi" >Land of our ancestors</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_plus2 pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Home/level-150-about.ssi" >Our mission</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_plus1 pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >News</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 288<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Mailer/archive2026/month-09/issue-2026-09-27.wiki" >Weekly Latvian news digest</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-025-LV-watch.ssi" >LSM and Ministry news</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-027-LV-in-LV-watch.ssi" >LSM ziÅas latvieÅ¡u valodÄ</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-030-Sputnik-RT-watch.ssi" >RT/Sputnik Kremlin news</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-040-ruwanted_RU.csv" >Kremlin's most wanted</a></li><li class="mCM_menuhead mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><span class="pure-menu-link mCM_menuhead">Weather</span></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-riga.ssi" >RÄ«ga 5-day</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-tallinn.ssi" >Tallinn 5-day</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-vilnius.ssi" >Vilnius 5-day</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_plus2 pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover ">
288<span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Reading room</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 289<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-001-history.ssi" >Timeline of Latvian history</a></li><li class="mCM_menuhead mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><span class="pure-menu-link mCM_menuhead">Reference materials</span></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-100-materials.ssi" >Entire library by era</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-150-culture.ssi" >Cultural artifacts</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-200-albums.ssi" >Historical images</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-250-DPera.ssi" >Post-WWII DP camp era</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-275-preserve.ssi" >Preserving heritage</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-300-propaganda.ssi" >Through Soviet eyes</a></li><li class="mCM_menuhead mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><span class="pure-menu-link mCM_menuhead"><hr></span></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-800-reviews.ssi" >Book reviews</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-900-latvian.ssi" >Words as culture</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_plus3 pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Exile experience</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 290<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-010-intro.ssi" >To destinations unknown</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-020-warsep.ssi" >WWII — Three occupations</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-050-paths.ssi" >Paths to exile</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >DP camp era</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 291<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-100-era.ssi" >DP life and resettlement</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-150-camps.ssi" >List of camps<small> | MAY 1, 1946</small></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-200-pjvfam.ssi" >Peters' parents</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-250-melle.ssi" >Melle DP camp</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-300-savmom.ssi" >Silvija's mother</a></li><!-- P/N -->
291<li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-350-flensburg.ssi" >Flensburg DP camp</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-400-sildad.ssi" >Silvija's father</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-450-wurzburg.ssi" >Würzburg DP camp</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-500-ymcaywca.ssi" >World's YMCA/YWCA</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el10 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-550-ywca-nursery.ssi" >Latvian children's home</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/POW/pow-000-intro.ssi" >Latvian POWs</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-200-trimda.ssi" >Exigent exile — <i>trimda</i></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-250-asv.ssi" >Welcome to America</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-300-Siberia.ssi" >Siberian deportees</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-800-reading.ssi" >Reading list</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_plus4 pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Travels</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 292<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/level-001-tripsintro.ssi" >Latvia unveiled</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/level-100-travels.ssi" >Timeline</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Silvija's trips</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 293<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Silvija/trip-000-intro.ssi" >Strength of family</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Silvija_197707/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jul ' 77 | </small>Latvian Family</span></a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Peters' trips</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 294<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu>An empire collapses</span><span class=menu>Peters' Story</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199210/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 92 | </small>First Trip<i>!</i></span><span class=menu>October 1992</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199308/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Aug ' 93 | </small>RÄ«ga, Courland</span><span class=menu>August 1993</span></a></li><!-- P/N -->
294<li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199410/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 94 | </small>Roots</span><span class=menu>October 1994</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199507/visit-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jul ' 95 | </small>Latvia's Gold</span><span class=menu>July 1995</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199610/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 96 | </small>Fall Colors</span><span class=menu>October 1996</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199708/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Aug ' 97 | </small>Encounters</span><span class=menu>August 1997</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199712/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Dec ' 97 | </small>New Year's</span><span class=menu>December 1997-New Year's</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200212/trip-00-page.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><nobr><small>Dec ' 02 | </small>Winter <i>ChillZZZZs</i></span></nobr><span class=menu>December 2002</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el10 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200410/v2004-00-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 04 | </small>Autumn in RÄ«ga</span><span class=menu>October 2004</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el11 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200712/trip-00-december.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Dec ' 07 | </small>In and Out</span><span class=menu>December 2007</span></a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Our trips</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 295<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu>Serendipity</span><span class=menu>Our story</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_199806/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 98 | </small>Latvian friends</span><span class=menu>June 1998</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_199906/visit-00-home.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 99 | </small>Honeymoon</span><span class=menu>June 1999</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_200103/erna-00-bday.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Mar ' 01 | </small>Centenary</span><span class=menu>March 2001</span></a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_20030607/page-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 03 | </small>Choir and family</span><span class=menu>June-July 2003</span></a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N -->
295<li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Features/index.ssi" >Photo features</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/picgallery/gallerycontent-01-page.ssi" >Our photo album</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_plus5 pure-menu-item pure-menu-has-children pure-menu-allow-hover "><span class="mCM_VOID pure-menu-link" target=_top >Blog</span><ul class="mCM_flat pure-menu-children"> 296<!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-100-blog.ssi&datestamp=20241211" >Latest post</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-100-blog.ssi" >Blog index</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-200-all.ssi" >All posts</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_EXT_link pure-menu-link" class=mCM_EXT_LINK target=_BLANK href="https://latvians.com/blog" ><i>Balticum</i> at WordPress</a></li></ul></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_plus6 pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/content-850-resources.ssi" >Resources</a></li><!-- P/N --><li class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_plus7 pure-menu-item"><a class="mCM_SITE_link pure-menu-link" target=_top href="index.php?en/content-950-latviski.ssi" ><img style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: -0.1em;" alt="Latvian flag" src="graphics/lv-flag.gif">  <i>latviski</i></a></li></ul></div> 297 </div> 298 <div id=menu class=our><!-- turned off if $mCM_PURE or $mCM_PURE_SIDEMENU = false --> 299 <div id=innermenu><!-- SIDEMENU / site_sidebar.ssi / "level" / page_sidebar.ssi / propagate_sidebar.ssi / site_sidebar.ssi--> 300 <style> 301@font-face { font-family: E1234; src: url(resources/fonts/E1234-p7pER.ttf) 302</style> 303 304<div id=clock> 305<a href="https://time.is/EET" id="time_is_link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #333; font-size: 16px; text-decoration:none;">EET time is</a> <span id="EET_z70e" style="font-family:E1234,monospace; background: transparent; color: var(--bodycream); padding: 4px 4px 0 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; display: inline-block; line-height: 17px; "></span> 306
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307 308</div> 309<div class=exphome><div class=mCM_start><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el mCM_detitem"1><span class="mCM_VOID mCM_parked mCM_litem" target=_top >Home</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_active_li mCM_detitem"><span class=mCM_active>Welcome!</span></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_plus1 mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Home/notwiki.ssi" >Land of our ancestors</a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_plus2 mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Home/level-150-about.ssi" >Our mission</a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_plus1 mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >News</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Mailer/archive2026/month-09/issue-2026-09-27.wiki" >Weekly Latvian news digest</a><wbr><span class=mCM_blog_date>27 Sep '26</span></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-025-LV-watch.ssi" >LSM and Ministry news</a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-027-LV-in-LV-watch.ssi" >LSM ziÅas latvieÅ¡u valodÄ</a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-030-Sputnik-RT-watch.ssi" >RT/Sputnik Kremlin news</a></div><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-040-ruwanted_RU.csv" >Kremlin's most wanted</a></div><div class="mCM_menuhead mCM_more">Weather</div><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-riga.ssi" >RÄ«ga 5-day</a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-tallinn.ssi" >Tallinn 5-day</a></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/News/level-050-vilnius.ssi" >Vilnius 5-day</a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_plus2 mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Reading room</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-001-history.ssi" >Timeline of Latvian history</a></div><div class="mCM_menuhead mCM_more">Reference materials</div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-100-materials.ssi" >Entire library by era</a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-150-culture.ssi" >Cultural artifacts</a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-200-albums.ssi" >Historical images</a></div><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-250-DPera.ssi" >Post-WWII DP camp era</a></div><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-275-preserve.ssi" >Preserving heritage</a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-300-propaganda.ssi" >Through Soviet eyes</a></div><div class="mCM_menuhead mCM_more"><hr></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-800-reviews.ssi" >Book reviews</a></div><div class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-900-latvian.ssi" >Words as culture</a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary>
309<div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_plus3 mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Exile experience</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-010-intro.ssi" >To destinations unknown</a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-020-warsep.ssi" >WWII — Three occupations</a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-050-paths.ssi" >Paths to exile</a></div><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >DP camp era</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-100-era.ssi" >DP life and resettlement</a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-150-camps.ssi" >List of camps<small> | MAY 1, 1946</small></a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-200-pjvfam.ssi" >Peters' parents</a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-250-melle.ssi" >Melle DP camp</a></div><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-300-savmom.ssi" >Silvija's mother</a></div><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-350-flensburg.ssi" >Flensburg DP camp</a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-400-sildad.ssi" >Silvija's father</a></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-450-wurzburg.ssi" >Würzburg DP camp</a></div><div class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-500-ymcaywca.ssi" >World's YMCA/YWCA</a></div><div class="mCM_el10 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/DPcamps/level-550-ywca-nursery.ssi" >Latvian children's home</a></div></div></details><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/POW/pow-000-intro.ssi" >Latvian POWs</a></div><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-200-trimda.ssi" >Exigent exile — <i>trimda</i></a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-250-asv.ssi" >Welcome to America</a></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-300-Siberia.ssi" >Siberian deportees</a></div><div class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Exile/level-800-reading.ssi" >Reading list</a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_plus4 mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Travels</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/level-001-tripsintro.ssi" >Latvia unveiled</a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/level-100-travels.ssi" >Timeline</a></div><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Silvija's trips</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Silvija/trip-000-intro.ssi" >Strength of family</a></div>
309<div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Silvija_197707/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jul ' 77 | </small>Latvian Family</span></a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Peters' trips</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu>An empire collapses</span><span class=menu>Peters' Story</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199210/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 92 | </small>First Trip<i>!</i></span><span class=menu>October 1992</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199308/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Aug ' 93 | </small>RÄ«ga, Courland</span><span class=menu>August 1993</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199410/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 94 | </small>Roots</span><span class=menu>October 1994</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199507/visit-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jul ' 95 | </small>Latvia's Gold</span><span class=menu>July 1995</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199610/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 96 | </small>Fall Colors</span><span class=menu>October 1996</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199708/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Aug ' 97 | </small>Encounters</span><span class=menu>August 1997</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_199712/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Dec ' 97 | </small>New Year's</span><span class=menu>December 1997-New Year's</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el9 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200212/trip-00-page.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><nobr><small>Dec ' 02 | </small>Winter <i>ChillZZZZs</i></span></nobr><span class=menu>December 2002</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el10 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200410/v2004-00-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Oct ' 04 | </small>Autumn in RÄ«ga</span><span class=menu>October 2004</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el11 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Peters_200712/trip-00-december.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Dec ' 07 | </small>In and Out</span><span class=menu>December 2007</span></a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Our trips</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our/trip-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu>Serendipity</span><span class=menu>Our story</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_199806/index.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 98 | </small>Latvian friends</span><span class=menu>June 1998</span></a></div>
309<div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_199906/visit-00-home.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 99 | </small>Honeymoon</span><span class=menu>June 1999</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_200103/erna-00-bday.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Mar ' 01 | </small>Centenary</span><span class=menu>March 2001</span></a></div><div class="mCM_el5 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Our_20030607/page-000-intro.ssi" ><span class=sidemenu><small>Jun ' 03 | </small>Choir and family</span><span class=menu>June-July 2003</span></a><wbr><span class=mCM_blog_date>7 Jun '03</span></div></div></details><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/Features/index.ssi" >Photo features</a></div><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Trips/picgallery/gallerycontent-01-page.ssi" >Our photo album</a></div></div></details><details class=mCM_details_list><summary class=mCM_summary><div class="mCM_el6 mCM_el_plus5 mCM_detitem"><span class="mCM_VOID" target=_top >Blog</span></div></summary><div class=mCM_start><div class="mCM_el1 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-100-blog.ssi&datestamp=20241211" >Latest post</a></div><div class="mCM_el2 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-100-blog.ssi" >Blog index</a></div><div class="mCM_el3 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/Blog/level-200-all.ssi" >All posts</a></div><div class="mCM_el4 mCM_el_ mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_EXT_link" class=mCM_EXT_LINK target=_BLANK href="https://latvians.com/blog" ><i>Balticum</i> at WordPress</a></div></div></details><div class="mCM_el7 mCM_el_plus6 mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/content-850-resources.ssi" >Resources</a></div><div class="mCM_el8 mCM_el_plus7 mCM_detitem"><a class="mCM_SITE_link" target=_top href="index.php?en/content-950-latviski.ssi" ><img style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: -0.1em;" alt="Latvian flag" src="graphics/lv-flag.gif">  <i>latviski</i></a></div></div></div> 310
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391<gcse:search></gcse:search> 392 393<!--- ROTATING IMAGES HERE ---> 394 395<div class="carousel"> 396 397<img src="en/Home/carousel/00-domu-laukums-rt-25pct-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/00-domu-laukums-rt-25pct-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/00-domu-laukums-rt-25pct-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Dom Church Square, RÄ«ga Latvia" class="active"> 398<img src="en/Home/carousel/01-Latvia-204809-Arrive-11TramToKisezers-030_30-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/01-Latvia-204809-Arrive-11TramToKisezers-030_30-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/01-Latvia-204809-Arrive-11TramToKisezers-030_30-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="A view of a tree by Ķīšezers Lake, RÄ«ga Latvia"> 399<img src="en/Home/carousel/18_sunflower-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/18_sunflower-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/18_sunflower-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Latvian sunflower"> 400<img src="en/Home/carousel/4168-27-Kronvalda-Lietus-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/4168-27-Kronvalda-Lietus-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/4168-27-Kronvalda-Lietus-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Kronvalda Park, RÄ«ga, Latvia, with a view of Latvia's Freedom Monument"> 401<img src="en/Home/carousel/827670-17-Alberta13-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/827670-17-Alberta13-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/827670-17-Alberta13-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="No. 13 Alberta Street, one of RÄ«ga's Jugenstil restored architectural treasures"> 402<img src="en/Home/carousel/Bilde-04-Jaunzemu-majas-Salaspils-pagasts-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/Bilde-04-Jaunzemu-majas-Salaspils-pagasts-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/Bilde-04-Jaunzemu-majas-Salaspils-pagasts-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Jaunzems' manor devastated in WWI, Latvia"> 403<img src="en/Home/carousel/bdm_maja_ieksa-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/bdm_maja_ieksa-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/bdm_maja_ieksa-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="A old homestead interior at the Open-Air Ethnographic Museum, RÄ«ga, Latvia"> 404<img src="en/Home/carousel/esslingen-24-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/esslingen-24-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/esslingen-24-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Facsimile page with image of industrious Latvians in Esslingen post-WWII Displaced Person camp"> 405<img src="en/Home/carousel/piens-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/piens-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/piens-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Dairy products ("Milk") storefront, Soviet RÄ«ga, Latvia"> 406<img src="en/Home/carousel/rund_zala_det_1-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/rund_zala_det_1-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/rund_zala_det_1-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Interior ceiling, RundÄle Palace, Latvia"> 407<img src="en/Home/carousel/za-4177-08-bralu-kapi-398.jpg" srcset="en/Home/carousel/za-4177-08-bralu-kapi-398.jpg 398w, en/Home/carousel/za-4177-08-bralu-kapi-546.jpg 546w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 398px" alt="Fallen warriors in eternal slumber, Brethren Cemetery, RÄ«ga, Latvia"> 408 409</div> 410 411
412<script> 413const images = document.querySelectorAll(".carousel img"); 414let index = 0; 415 416// Ensure first image is visible immediately 417images[index].classList.add("active"); 418 419const displayTime = 4500; // display duration per image 420const fadeTime = 1500; // CSS transition duration in ms 421 422setInterval(() => { 423 const current = images[index]; 424 index = (index + 1) % images.length; 425 const next = images[index]; 426 427 // Start fading in the next image 428 next.classList.add("active"); 429 430 // Remove current image only after fadeTime 431 setTimeout(() => { 432 current.classList.remove("active"); 433 }, fadeTime); 434 435}, displayTime); 436</script>
436 437 438 439 440<p class="nobcap"><span class=big><b>Latvia</b> is one of the three Baltic states</span>, sandwiched between sisters Estonia and Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, and the Baltic Sea. Steeped in ancient traditions, it is a domain of lush forests and river valleys, sandy coastlines, and medieval architecture. Home to a culture that migrated westward to settle along the Baltic Sea, where it as has thrived for four millennia.</p><p><i>The Crusades, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania, France, and Russia have all swept over Latvia</i>  — <i>a touchstone of European geopolitics and history</i>.</p> 441 442 443 <!--video id="myVideo" autoplay muted style="width: 100%; height:auto; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid #888;"> 444 <source src="resources/graphics/domu laukums-rt_animation-2.mp4" type="video/mp4"> 445 <img style="display:block;" src="resources/graphics/discover.png" /> 446 </video--> 447 448 449 450 451<p><em>Latvians.com</em> is our independent, bilingual chronicle of Latvia — its history, its culture, and its present — built on primary sources, original research, and family memory.</p> 452 453<p class=keepwithnext> 454<b>Follow</b> Latvia and the Baltics each week</P> 455<ul class="interior m0"> 456<li>our weekly bilingual Latvia <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Mailer/archive2026/month-09/issue-2026-09-27.wiki">news digest</a></li> 457<li>Latvian public media and ministry <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/News/level-025-LV-watch.ssi">news</a></li> 458<li><i>Sputnik</i> and <i>RT</i> Kremlin <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/News/level-030-Sputnik-RT-watch.ssi">“news”</a></li> 459<li>5-day weather for <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/weather/level-050-tallinn.ssi">Tallinn</a>, <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/weather/level-050-riga.ssi">RÄ«ga</a>, and <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/weather/level-050-vilnius.ssi">Vilnius</a></li> 460<li>our <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Blog/level-100-blog.ssi">blog</a> on Latvia and post-Soviet space</li> 461</ul> 462 463<p class=keepwithnext>Learn about Latvian <b>history and culture</b></p><ul class="interior m0"> 464<li>explore our <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-001-history.ssi">timeline of Latvian history</a> and</li> 465<li>reference library of <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-100-materials.ssi">contemporaneous sources</a> spanning 466<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-150-culture.ssi">cultural materials</a>, 467<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-200-albums.ssi">historical images</a>, 468<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-250-DPera.ssi">post-WWII DP camps</a>, 469<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-275-preserve.ssi">preserving Latvian culture</a>, and 470<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/CultureHistory/level-300-propaganda.ssi">Soviet era</a></li> 471</li> 472</ul> 473 474 475<p class=keepwithnext>Explore Latvian <b>heritage</b></p> 476 477<ul class="interior" style="margin-bottom: 12px;"> 478<li>browse our <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Trips/picgallery/gallerycontent-01-page.ssi">photos</a>, <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Trips/level-100-travels.ssi">travelogues</a>, and thoughts on <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Trips/level-000-tripsintro.ssi">our travels to Latvia</a> 479<li>explore the post-WWII <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="/index.php?en/Exile/level-010-intro.ssi">exile experience</a> of Latvians, including our families, who fled Soviet reoccupation 480</ul> 481 482 483<!--div class="FBenvelope" style="overflow:hidden;"> 484<p style="padding-bottom:3px;">If you are seeking to connect with your Latvian roots, professional family history researcher <A TARGET="_blank" CLASS="mCM_EXT_link" rel="nofollow external" data-tip="www​.luse-research​.com​/" HREF="https://www.luse-research.com/">Agnese LÅ«se</a> specializes in assisting diaspora Latvians. This is a "public service" announcement.</p> 485</div--> 486 487 488 489 490<!-- 491<div class=sepb4> 492<img src="resources/graphics/blogo-04-50pct.jpg" style="display:block; margin: 12px auto 8px auto; width: 60%; 493max-width: 200px !important;"> 494</div> 495<div class=c style="line-height:100%;"><small> 496How can we improve? <i>[email protected]</i><br> 497KÄ uzlabinÄt vietni? <i>[email protected]</i> 498</small></div> 499--> 500 501 502 503 504 505 506</div> 507 508<!-- only if we have something --> 509 510 511 512 513<h3 class="OUR keepwithnext" style="margin:0; padding: 8px 0; font-weight: 400; clear:both;">Our latest additions</h3><div class=twocolumns><div class="FBenvelope"><div class="interior">
513<span class="mCM_FB_picture mCM_FB_DEFAULT"><a target=_blank class=dim style="text-decoration:none;" href="FB/cache/788461520_1422509426591548_3245222909795432151_n.jpg"><div class="figure LEFT MOBILE WIDTH IMGBORDER" style="max-width: 107.14285714286px;"><!-- BEFORE spaint_thumbs_toc --><div class="mCM_thumbnails_container"><div class="mCM_thumbnails"><div class="gal_num_1"><!--figure--><div class=mCM_thumbnails_caption style=" width: 107px; max-width: 100%;"><a data-sub-html="" data-pinterest-text="" data-tweet-text="" id="788461520_1422509426591548_3245222909795432151_n" class="mCM_galleryitem lg_FIGURE1 dim" href="FB/cache/788461520_1422509426591548_3245222909795432151_n.jpg" title=""><img style="max-width:100%;" src="FB/cache/figures/788461520_1422509426591548_3245222909795432151_n.jpg"></a><div class=mCM_undertext></div></div><!--/figure--></div><!--closediv-24--></div><!--closediv-25--></div><!--closediv-26-->
513<script> 514 $(document).ready(function() { 515 var $gallery = $(".gal_num_1"); 516 $gallery.lightGallery({ 517 selector: ".mCM_galleryitem", 518 thumbnail: false, 519 galleryId: 1, 520 preload: 2, 521 loop: false, 522 useCSS : true, 523 html: true, 524 hideBarsDelay: 3000 525 }); 526 $gallery.on("onBeforeOpen.lg", function(event) { 527 $("body").css("overflow", "hidden") 528 }); 529 $gallery.on("onBeforeClose.lg", function(event) { 530 $("body").css("overflow", "auto") 531 }); 532 /* auto-enter fullscreen on open (same request chain as the lg-fullscreen 533 plugin manual toggle button, just fired automatically instead of waiting 534 for a click on it) -- fires from onAfterOpen.lg, which lightGallery 535 dispatches synchronously within the thumbnail click handler, so it still 536 counts as a user-gesture-driven call and browsers allow it. 537 NOTE: use /* *\/ block comments here, never // line comments -- some 538 production output stage collapses inline
538<script> whitespace to a single 539 line with no real newlines left, which turns a // comment into one that 540 swallows the rest of the script (silent, no error at the PHP layer, only 541 breaks in the browser as "Unexpected end of input" and a dead gallery) */ 542 $gallery.on("onAfterOpen.lg", function(event) { 543 var el = document.documentElement; 544 if ( document.fullscreenElement || document.webkitFullscreenElement || 545 document.mozFullScreenElement || document.msFullscreenElement ) return; 546 /* .catch(): some embedding contexts (e.g. a webmail/newsletter reader 547 rendering this page inside a restrictive iframe) block fullscreen via 548 Permissions Policy -- swallow that rejection instead of leaving a noisy 549 unhandled-promise-rejection in the console; the gallery still opens 550 fine, just not fullscreen, in that case */ 551 if ( el.requestFullscreen ) el.requestFullscreen().catch(function(){}); 552 else if ( el.webkitRequestFullscreen ) el.webkitRequestFullscreen(); 553 else if ( el.mozRequestFullScreen ) el.mozRequestFullScreen(); 554 else if ( el.msRequestFullscreen ) el.msRequestFullscreen(); 555 }); 556 });</script>
556<!-- AFTER spaint_thumbs_toc --></div></a></span><span class=mCM_FB_message>We made some corrections to our web page on my parents' time in the Melle DP camp in Germany and expanded our insight into spiritual life in the DP camps. <A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="https://latvians.com/en/Exile/DPcamps/level-250-melle.ssi">latvians.com/en/Exile/DPcamps/level-250-melle.ssi</a></span> <nobr><a target=_blank class="mCM_EXT_link mCM_FB_id dim" href="https://facebook.com/266077110089217_1422509593258198"><IMG alt="Facebook" align=top style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom: 2px;" SRC="graphics/fb.gif"> <!--<timestamp>001788071012</timestamp>--><span class=mCM_FB_date>2026 Aug 30</span></a></nobr><!--div style="clear:both;"></div--></div><div class="interior"><span class="mCM_FB_picture mCM_FB_DEFAULT"><a target=_blank class=dim style="text-decoration:none;" href="FB/cache/786871174_1419009923608165_4299273836889016009_n.jpg"><div class="figure LEFT MOBILE WIDTH IMGBORDER" style="max-width: 110.42944785276px;"><!-- BEFORE spaint_thumbs_toc --><div class="mCM_thumbnails_container"><div class="mCM_thumbnails"><div class="gal_num_2"><!--figure--><div class=mCM_thumbnails_caption style=" width: 110px; max-width: 100%;"><a data-sub-html="" data-pinterest-text="" data-tweet-text="" id="786871174_1419009923608165_4299273836889016009_n" class="mCM_galleryitem lg_FIGURE2 dim" href="FB/cache/786871174_1419009923608165_4299273836889016009_n.jpg" title=""><img style="max-width:100%;" src="FB/cache/figures/786871174_1419009923608165_4299273836889016009_n.jpg"></a><div class=mCM_undertext></div></div><!--/figure--></div><!--closediv-24--></div><!--closediv-25--></div><!--closediv-26-->
556<script> 557 $(document).ready(function() { 558 var $gallery = $(".gal_num_2"); 559 $gallery.lightGallery({ 560 selector: ".mCM_galleryitem", 561 thumbnail: false, 562 galleryId: 2, 563 preload: 2, 564 loop: false, 565 useCSS : true, 566 html: true, 567 hideBarsDelay: 3000 568 }); 569 $gallery.on("onBeforeOpen.lg", function(event) { 570 $("body").css("overflow", "hidden") 571 }); 572 $gallery.on("onBeforeClose.lg", function(event) { 573 $("body").css("overflow", "auto") 574 }); 575 /* auto-enter fullscreen on open (same request chain as the lg-fullscreen 576 plugin manual toggle button, just fired automatically instead of waiting 577 for a click on it) -- fires from onAfterOpen.lg, which lightGallery 578 dispatches synchronously within the thumbnail click handler, so it still 579 counts as a user-gesture-driven call and browsers allow it. 580 NOTE: use /* *\/ block comments here, never // line comments -- some 581 production output stage collapses inline
581<script> whitespace to a single 582 line with no real newlines left, which turns a // comment into one that 583 swallows the rest of the script (silent, no error at the PHP layer, only 584 breaks in the browser as "Unexpected end of input" and a dead gallery) */ 585 $gallery.on("onAfterOpen.lg", function(event) { 586 var el = document.documentElement; 587 if ( document.fullscreenElement || document.webkitFullscreenElement || 588 document.mozFullScreenElement || document.msFullscreenElement ) return; 589 /* .catch(): some embedding contexts (e.g. a webmail/newsletter reader 590 rendering this page inside a restrictive iframe) block fullscreen via 591 Permissions Policy -- swallow that rejection instead of leaving a noisy 592 unhandled-promise-rejection in the console; the gallery still opens 593 fine, just not fullscreen, in that case */ 594 if ( el.requestFullscreen ) el.requestFullscreen().catch(function(){}); 595 else if ( el.webkitRequestFullscreen ) el.webkitRequestFullscreen(); 596 else if ( el.mozRequestFullScreen ) el.mozRequestFullScreen(); 597 else if ( el.msRequestFullscreen ) el.msRequestFullscreen(); 598 }); 599 });</script>
599<!-- AFTER spaint_thumbs_toc --></div></a></span><span class=mCM_FB_message>We noticed missing images in our Vilis LÄcis' "Latvia, Our Dream is Coming True." We added the images missing, reprocessed the rest, and streamlined navigation. Lastlyâand a bit embarrassingâwe were unaware LÄcis had signed the order for the March 25, 1949 mass deportation; we added a facsimile, transcription, and translation. #latvia #latvija 600<A CLASS="mCM_SITE_link" HREF="https://latvians.com/en/CFBH/LatviaLacis/">latvians.com/en/CFBH/LatviaLacis/</a></span> <nobr><a target=_blank class="mCM_EXT_link mCM_FB_id dim" href="https://facebook.com/266077110089217_1419010300274794"><IMG alt="Facebook" align=top style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom: 2px;" SRC="graphics/fb.gif"> <!--<timestamp>001787713465</timestamp>--><span class=mCM_FB_date>2026 Aug 25</span></a></nobr><!--div style="clear:both;"></div--></div><div class="interior"><span class="mCM_FB_picture mCM_FB_DEFAULT"><a target=_blank class=dim style="text-decoration:none;" href="FB/cache/765887026_1403005045208653_2524285413430867750_n.jpg"><div class="figure LEFT MOBILE WIDTH IMGBORDER" style="max-width: 150px;"><!-- BEFORE spaint_thumbs_toc --><div class="mCM_thumbnails_container"><div class="mCM_thumbnails"><div class="gal_num_3"><!--figure--><div class=mCM_thumbnails_caption style=" width: 150px; max-width: 100%;"><a data-sub-html="" data-pinterest-text="" data-tweet-text="" id="765887026_1403005045208653_2524285413430867750_n" class="mCM_galleryitem lg_FIGURE3 dim" href="FB/cache/765887026_1403005045208653_2524285413430867750_n.jpg" title=""><img style="max-width:100%;" src="FB/cache/figures/765887026_1403005045208653_2524285413430867750_n.jpg"></a><div class=mCM_undertext></div></div><!--/figure--></div><!--closediv-24--></div><!--closediv-25--></div><!--closediv-26-->
600<script> 601 $(document).ready(function() { 602 var $gallery = $(".gal_num_3"); 603 $gallery.lightGallery({ 604 selector: ".mCM_galleryitem", 605 thumbnail: false, 606 galleryId: 3, 607 preload: 2, 608 loop: false, 609 useCSS : true, 610 html: true, 611 hideBarsDelay: 3000 612 }); 613 $gallery.on("onBeforeOpen.lg", function(event) { 614 $("body").css("overflow", "hidden") 615 }); 616 $gallery.on("onBeforeClose.lg", function(event) { 617 $("body").css("overflow", "auto") 618 }); 619 /* auto-enter fullscreen on open (same request chain as the lg-fullscreen 620 plugin manual toggle button, just fired automatically instead of waiting 621 for a click on it) -- fires from onAfterOpen.lg, which lightGallery 622 dispatches synchronously within the thumbnail click handler, so it still 623 counts as a user-gesture-driven call and browsers allow it. 624 NOTE: use /* *\/ block comments here, never // line comments -- some 625 production output stage collapses inline
625<script> whitespace to a single 626 line with no real newlines left, which turns a // comment into one that 627 swallows the rest of the script (silent, no error at the PHP layer, only 628 breaks in the browser as "Unexpected end of input" and a dead gallery) */ 629 $gallery.on("onAfterOpen.lg", function(event) { 630 var el = document.documentElement; 631 if ( document.fullscreenElement || document.webkitFullscreenElement || 632 document.mozFullScreenElement || document.msFullscreenElement ) return; 633 /* .catch(): some embedding contexts (e.g. a webmail/newsletter reader 634 rendering this page inside a restrictive iframe) block fullscreen via 635 Permissions Policy -- swallow that rejection instead of leaving a noisy 636 unhandled-promise-rejection in the console; the gallery still opens 637 fine, just not fullscreen, in that case */ 638 if ( el.requestFullscreen ) el.requestFullscreen().catch(function(){}); 639 else if ( el.webkitRequestFullscreen ) el.webkitRequestFullscreen(); 640 else if ( el.mozRequestFullScreen ) el.mozRequestFullScreen(); 641 else if ( el.msRequestFullscreen ) el.msRequestFullscreen(); 642 }); 643 });</script>
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