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3<title>Late Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt by Francesco Raffaele</title>
4<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="History and Archaeology of the Early Dynastic and Late Predynastic Period in Egypt">
5<META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="Early Dynastic Period,Egyptology,Egyptian Archaeology,
6 Archaic Egypt,Early,Thinite Period,Sakkara,Abydos,Umm el Qab,Qaab,Qa'ab, Hierakonpolis,Hezyra,Hesyra,Saqqara Mastabas,Protodynastic Egypt,Thinis,Hemaka,Egitto Arcaico,Protodinastico Egittologia,Ancient Epigraphy,S2405, Dynasties,Antico Regno,Old Kingdom,Wneg,Stone vessels inscriptions from Djoser's Complex,corpus of labels,tags, etichettes,jahrestafelchen,Late Predynastic palettes,Naqada IIcd IIIab,King Scorpion, Aha,Djer,Djet,Merneith,Den,Adjib,Semerkhet,Qa'a,Qa,Ba,Sneferka,Hotepsekhemwy,Hotepsekhemui, Nebra,Ninetjer,Nineter,Uneg,Weneg,Sened,Peribsen,Sekhemib,Perenmaat, Khasekhem,Khasekhemui,Khasekhemwy,Nebka,Sanakht,Netherykhet,Netjerykhet,Djoser,Zoser,Imhotep, Ka,Sekhen,Iry Hor,Sekhemkhet,Neferkasokar,Qa Hedjet,Khaba,Huni,">
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16<p align="center"><br>
17<font color="#df1100" size="+1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">FRANCESCO RAFFAELE</font></p><p align="center"><font color="#FF6666" size="+4"><a href="hesyra/intro.htm"><font color="#552eb1"><b>LATE PREDYNASTIC AND<br>
18  EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT</b></font></a></font><b><font COLOR="#552eb1" SIZE="+4"></font><font COLOR="#552eb1" SIZE="+4"><br>
19</font></b><br>
20<strong><em><font color="#FF0000">Dedicated to the memory of Laura Degli Esposti, Stan Hendrickx and Michel Baud</font></em></strong></p>
21<br>
22<table width="699" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="541">
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33<td><a href="hesyra/palettes.htm"><img name="narmer1_r01_c1" src="narmer1_r01_c1.gif" width="92" height="110" border="0"></a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="hesyra/palettes.htm"><img name="narmer1_r01_c2" src="narmer1_r01_c2.gif" width="82" height="129" border="0"></a></td><td rowspan="3"><img name="narmer1_r01_c3" src="narmer1_r01_c3.gif" width="43" height="188" border="0"></td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"><img name="narmer1_r01_c4" src="narmer1_r01_c4.gif" width="86" height="210" border="0" alt="Horus NARMER  (from the Main Deposit Palette)   Click on this image to go to the  PALETTES  CORPUS"></td><td><img src="shim.gif" width="1" height="110" border="0"></td></tr>
34<tr valign="top"><!-- row 2 -->
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48<tr valign="top"><!-- row 9 -->
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50</table><br>
51<hr>
52 <b><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><A HREF="http://www.francescoraffaele.com/">http://www.francescoraffaele.com/</A></B></FONT></b>
53 <br>
54 <b><b><a href="http://www.anse-egypt.com"></a></b></b>
55</center></td><td width="368" height="544"> 
56 <center>
57<div align="justify">
58<p><b><font size="+1">This is a detailed account of the History and 
59 Archaeology of the Egyptian Early Dynastic Period: check out the pages 
60 on the</font></b><font size="+1"> <b>Second and Third Dynasty and 
61 on Dynasty 0</b></font><b><font size="+1">. If you are interested 
62 in Late Predynastic Egypt (Protodynastic) and Early Dynastic period 
63 you'll certainly find here what you're searching for. There are also 
64 4 corpora: First Dynasty Wooden and Ivory Labels, Early Dynastic Inscriptions  
65 on Stone Vessels, Naqada IIIb1-2 serekhs and Late Predynastic Decorated 
66  Palettes; articles, news, many pictures, images galleries, links and 
67  especially abundant text. Nice reading </font></b><strong><font size="3"  color="#000099"><b><a href="subindex9.htm"><font color="#666666">Francesco 
68 Raffaele</font></a></b></font></strong></p></div><dl>
69           <dt>
70           <div align="center"><br> 
71           <hr>
72    </div></dt></dl><p><a href="hesyra/intro.htm"><font color="#3366FF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><i><b><font size="+1"><br>
73 INTRODUCTION 
74and INDEX of the SITE</font></b></i></font></a></p>
75 <p>&nbsp;</p>
76 <p><a href="hesyra/updates.htm"><b><font color="#6666FF" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="+2">LAST UPDATES</font></font></b></a></p>
77      </center></td></tr>
78       </table>
79          <div align="center"><br>
80          <hr>
81<p><a href="http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_2070.ahtml" target="_blank"><strong><font color="#000000"><em><br>
82 </em></font></strong></a><strong><font color="#000000"><em>Recent Discoveries and Latest Researches in Egyptology. Proceedings of the First Neapolitan Congress of Egyptology, Naples, June 18th-20th 2008</em>. <br> 
83 Francesco Raffaele, Massimiliano Nuzzolo and   Ilaria Incordino (eds.). Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2010.</strong></p>
84<p><a href="hesyra/new/Harrassowitz-2010_contents.pdf" target="_blank"><strong>CONTENTS and PREFACE</strong></a></p>
85<p><a href="http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_2070.ahtml" target="_blank">Harrassowitz Verlag<br>
86 <img src="hesyra/new/Harrassowitz.jpg" width="135" height="199" border="1"></a><strong><br>
87 </strong><br>
88 <strong>My own paper published in this book (PDF, 4,9 Mb):</strong> <img src="hesyra/new.gif" width="23" height="6"><br>
89 <a href="http://www.francescoraffaele.com/pdf/Raffaele-Animal_Rows_Egypt-FINAL(2010).pdf" target="_blank"><span data-ft="{'type':3}"><font color="#FF0000" size="+2"><em><strong>"Animal Rows and Ceremonial Processions in Late Predynastic Egypt"</strong></em></font></span></a><br>
90 <strong>Francesco Raffaele, in: F. Raffaele, M. Nuzzolo and I. Incordino (eds.), <em><br>
91 Recent Discoveries and Latest Researches in Egyptology. Proceedings of the First Neapolitan Congress of Egyptology, Naples, June 18th-20th 2008</em>. <br>
92Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2010.  P. 245-285.<br>
93 </strong></p>
94    <hr>
95<p><br>
96<br>
97</p>
98</div>
99<table width="699" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" bordercolor="#000000" height="595">
100<tr> 
101<td height="169" bgcolor="#BEBEBE"> 
102<center>
103<font size="+1"> <a href="hesyra/dynasty00.htm"></a></font> <font size="+1"><a href="hesyra/dynasty00.htm"><b><font color="#000000">&quot;DYNASTY 
104  00&quot;</font></b></a></font><font color="#FF0000"><b><font size="+1"><font color="#FF0000"></font></font></b></font><font size="+1"><a href="hesyra/dynasty00.htm"><br>
105<img src="hesyra/new/tn_dreyer2_jpg.jpg" width="79" height="99" border="0" alt="Dynasty &quot;00&quot; (Naqada IIC-IIIA2)"> 
106</a><br>
107<font size="2">(Naqada IIC-IIIA2)</font></font> 
108</center></td><td height="169"> 
109<center>
110<font size="+1"><strong><font size="+1"><strong><font color="#FFCCCC"><b><a href="hesyra/dynasty0.htm"><font color="#CC0000">
110DYNASTY 
1110</font></a></b></font></strong></font><a href="hesyra/dynasty0.htm"><font color="#CC0000"><br>
112<br>
113<img src="hesyra/dog.GIF" width="62" height="54" border="0" alt="Dynasty 0 (Naqada IIIB = IIIb1-2)"></font></a><a href="hesyra/dynasty0.htm"><font color="#CC0000"><br>
114</font></a></strong> </font> <br>
115<font size="2">(Naqada IIIB)</font>
116</center></td><td height="169" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> 
117<center>
118<font size="+1"><b><font size="+1"><b><font color="#993300"><font color="#006609"><a href="hesyra/Dyn0serekhs.htm"><font color="#006600"> 
119 DYNASTY 0 &quot;SEREKHS&quot; </font></a></font><a href="hesyra/Dyn0serekhs.htm"><font color="#006600"><br>
120</font></a></font></b></font><a href="hesyra/Dyn0serekhs.htm"><font color="#993300"><br>
121</font><img src="hesyra/new/Pe-Hor.jpg" width="46" height="51" border="0" alt="Perpetually updated"></a><font color="#993300"><br>
122</font></b></font>
123<dt><br>
124<font size="2">(Late Predynastic Egypt Royal Names)</font></dt></center></td></tr>
125<tr> 
126<td height="199" width="229"> 
127 <center>
128 <div align="center"> 
129 <center>
130 <dt><a href="hesyra/dynasty2.htm"><b><font size="+2"><font color="#006600"> 
131</font></font></b></a></dt></center></div><div align="center"> 
132<center>
133<strong><font size="+1"><a href="hesyra/dynasty1.htm"><font color="#000000">(FIRST&nbsp; DYNASTY)</font><br>
134<br>
135<img src="hesyra/new/Horus.GIF" width="111" height="89" border="0" alt="To be completed"> 
136</a></font></strong> 
137</center></div></center></td><td height="199" width="238"> 
138<center>
139 <div align="center"> 
140 <center>
141 <dt><a href="hesyra/hezy2en.html"><b><font size="+2"><font color="#CC0000"> 
142 </font></font></b></a></dt></center></div><div align="center"> 
143 <center>
144 <div align="center"> 
145 <center>
146 <dt><a href="hesyra/dynasty2.htm"><b><font size="+1" color="CC0000">SECOND DYNASTY</font></b></a></dt></center></div><div align="center"> 
147 <center>
148  <dt><a href="hesyra/dynasty2.htm"><img src="hesyra/khasekhem.gif" width="74" height="119"
149  align="BOTTOM" naturalsizeflag="3" alt="DYNASTY 2  (Khasekhem Cairo statue)" border="0"></a></dt></center></div></center></div></center></td><td height="199" width="229"> 
150  <center>
151  <div align="center"> 
152  <center>
153  <dt><a href="hesyra/hezy2en.html"><b><font size="+2"><font color="#006600" size="+1">THIRD 
154 DYNASTY</font><font color="#CC0000"><br>
155  <br>
156  </font></font></b></a> </dt></center></div><div align="center"> 
157  <center>
158  <dt><a href="hesyra/hezy2en.html"><img src="hesyra/lauer.jpg" width="150" height="98"
159 align="BOTTOM" naturalsizeflag="3" alt="DYNASTY 3  (J.P. Lauer)" border="0"></a></dt></center></div></center></td></tr>
160  <tr> 
161  <td height="241" width="229" bgcolor="#000000"> 
162  <div align="right">
163  <p><font size="2"><b><a href="hesyra/synthesis.htm"> <font color="#FF0000">Predynastic 
164 and Protodynastic Egypt: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization + LECTURE</font></a></b></font></p><p><font size="2"><a href="hesyra/hemaka.htm"><b><font color="#FF0000" size="2">An 
165 Example of Early Dynastic Writing</font></b></a></font></p><p><font size="2"><b> </b></font><font size="2"><b><font color="#FF0000"><a href="hesyra/Saqqara.htm"><font size="+1" color="#990000"><u></u></font></a></font></b></font><font color="#0000CC"><a href="hesyra/myarticles.htm" target="_blank"><font size="3"><b><font size="4"><font color="#FF0000" size="+1">ARTICLES</font></font></b></font></a></font></p><p> <font size="2"><b><b><font size="2"><b><font color="#FF0000"><a href="hesyra/Saqqara.htm"><font size="+1" color="#990000"><u><font color="#6666FF">SAQQARA</font></u></font></a></font></b></font></b></b></font></p><p><b><font size="+1"><a href="hesyra/animals.htm"><font color="#FF0000">ANIMALS</font></a></font></b><font size="2"><b><b><font color="#FF0000"> 
166</font></b></b></font></p><p><font size="2"><b><b><a href="hesyra/hesy.html"><font color="#FF0000">HESYRA</font></a></b></b></font></p></div></td><td height="241" width="238" bgcolor="#000000"> 
167<center>
168<font size="4"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="hesyra/Egyptgallery.html"><font color="#66FF66"><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="+1">GALLERIES OF IMAGES</font></b></font></a></font></font> <br>
169 <a href="hesyra/Egyptgallery.html" target="_blank"><img src="hesyra/front99.jpg" width="199" height="183" naturalsizeflag="0" align="BOTTOM" border="0" alt="Image Galleries"></a> 
170</center></td><td height="241" width="229" bgcolor="#000000"> 
171<center>
172<p align="left"><font color="#FF0000"><b><font size="+1" color="#FF9999"><a href="Cracow.htm" target="_blank"><font color="#6666FF"><u>Cracow 
173 2002 International Conference on the Origin of the State in Egypt</u></font></a></font></b></font></p><p align="left"><font color="#FF3300"><a href="hesyra/articoli.html"><b><font color="#6666FF">Important Egyptology articles</font></b></a></font></p><p align="left"><font color="#FF3300"><a href="hesyra/articoli.html"><b> 
174</b></a><b><font size="5"><font size="3"><a href="hesyra/Egyptbooks-reviews.htm"><font color="#FF0000">Book 
175 Reviews</font></a></font></font></b><font color="#FF3300"><b><font size="5"><font size="3"><u> 
176</u></font></font></b></font></font></p><p align="left"><b><font size="5"><font size="3"><a href="hesyra/newsindex.htm"><font color="#6666FF">New 
177 Discoveries</font></a></font></font></b></p><p align="left"><font color="#FF3300"><b><font size="5"><font size="3"> 
178 </font></font></b></font><a href="hesyra/mylinks.htm" target="_blank"><font size="+1" color="#6666FF">LINKS</font></a> 
179</p></center></td></tr>
180</table><p align="center"><strong><font size="-1"> EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT</font></strong> 
181  -&nbsp;<strong><font SIZE="-1"> KING BY KING HISTORY</font></strong></p><div align="center"> 
182<center>
183<dt><a href="hesyra/dynasties.html"><b><font size="+1">EARLY DYNASTIC KINGS</font></b></a> 
184</dt></center></div><p align="center"><img
185 SRC="hesyra/hk100.gif" WIDTH="611" HEIGHT="148" ALT="Hierakonpolis (loc.33) Tomb100 painting"
186 NATURALSIZEFLAG="0" ALIGN="BOTTOM"></p>
187<dl> 
188<div align="center"> 
189<center>
190<dt><a HREF="hesyra/dynasties.html"><b><font SIZE="+1"> </font></b></a></dt><br>
191<table width="699" border="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bordercolor="#333333"  background="bgrsmiting.jpg">
192<tr> 
193<td height="403"> 
194<center>
195<div align="center"> 
196<center>
197<dt><b>CORPORA AND DATABASES:</b></dt><dt><b> </b></dt><dt><br>
198<font size="4"><b><a href="hesyra/palettes.htm"><font color="#FF0000">CORPUS 
199 OF LATE PREDYNASTIC DECORATED PALETTES</font></a></b></font><br>
200<a href="hesyra/palettes.htm"><img src="hesyra/palettes/tehenu.gif" width="139" height="119" border="0" alt="Corpus of  PALETTES"></a><br>
201</dt><dt><br>
202</dt></center></div><center>
203<dt><b><font color="#FF0033"><a href="hesyra/tagcorpus.htm" target="_blank"><font color="#FF0000"><font size="4">CORPUS OF FIRST DYNASTY IVORY AND WOODEN YEAR-LABELS</font></font></a></font></b></dt><br>
204<a href="hesyra/tagcorpus.htm" target="_blank"><img src="denlabpic.gif" width="79" height="67" border="0" alt="Corpus of  LABELS"><br>
205</a><br>
206<a href="hesyra/aufgefasse.htm" target="_blank"><b><font color="#FF0000" size="4">CORPUS 
207 OF EARLY DYNASTIC INSCRIPTIONS ON STONE VESSELS</font></b></a><br>
208<a href="hesyra/aufgefasse.htm" target="_blank"><img src="hesyra/khasvi.jpg" width="159" height="42" border="0" alt="Corpus of STONE VESSELS with royal inscriptions"></a> 
209<br>
210</center></center></td></tr>
211</table><dt>&nbsp;</dt><dt><font size="4"> </font> </dt></center></div><center>
212<hr>
213<dt><b><font size="+1" color="#666666"><font color="#999999"><br>
214  *********</font><br>
215  <br>
216  </font></b></dt>
217  </center>
218  <table width="90%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
219  <tr> 
220 <td colspan="2"> 
221<div align="justify"> 
222 <p><font size="2">I would like to thank for their support, counsels, 
223 discussions, suggestions, corrections and for sending me useful material: 
224 <b> John D. Degreef, Rita di Maria, Umberto Minichiello, Aidan Dodson, Nabil Swelim, E.C.M. 
225 van den Brink, Stan Hendrickx, Michel Baud, Jochem Kahl, Renée Friedman, W. Vivian Davies, Krzysztof 
226 M. Cialowicz, John Baines, Alain Anselin, Joris van Wetering, Alejandro Jimenez-Serrano, Bastiaan Lieffer
226ing (R.I.P. my friend), Alessandro Suzzi Valli (uncle Seth), Carmela Tammone, Meri e Laura Degli Esposti, Flavio Merletti, Marialuisa e Giorgio Gasperetti, Aayko Eyma, Francois Tonic, Leszek Zinkow, Christine Van Heertum, Jon Bodsworth, Diane Allan, Jack Dean, Riccardo Banchi, Richard Zahnhausen, Teresa Soria, Juan de la Torre, Salima Ikram, Karine Gadre, Ilaria Incordino, Mr. Smith, Giuseppe Lebro (Peppi-nakht), Massimiliano Nuzzolo, Geoffrey Tassie, Giancarlo Negro, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, Andr&aacute;s Zboray, Kat Newkirk, Jack G. Frazier, Maurilio Tracanna (R.I.P.), dott.sse Maria Casini, Rosanna Pirelli </b> at Istituto Culturale Italiano Sezione Archeologica Cairo, <b>Rezk Nessim Chehata</b> at IFAO; DAIK and ARCE librarians, my parents <strong>Vittorio and Maria</strong>. </font></p>
227   </div></td></tr>
228   <tr> 
229   <td width="54%"><a href="http://www.francescoraffaele.com" target="_blank"><img src="mylogo.jpg" width="292" height="96" border="1" alt="Late Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt: Website logo"></a></td><td width="46%"> 
230   <div align="right"><b><b> <a href="http://www.francescoraffaele.com"><font color="#FF0000">http://www.francescoraffaele.com</font><br>
231   </a><br>
232   </b></b> </div></td></tr>
233   </table>
234   <p align="center">My e-mail:<br>
235   <strong><font size="+1">francescoraffaele AT alice.it</font></strong></p>
236   </dl>
237   <DT><DIV align="right"><em><font SIZE="+3"><br>
238  </font></em> 
239  </DIV></DT>
240 <center>
241 <b> </b><b>
242  I HOPE YOU'LL ENJOY READING THESE PAGES AS I DID IN WRITING THEM. </b> 
243 </center><div align="center"> 
244  <center>
245 <dt><font color="#006600"><b> <br>
246 The whole site is<br>
247 &copy; <u>FRANCESCO RAFFAELE<br>
248 </u></b></font><font color="#006600"><b><u> </u>Some parts of this site 
249 have been  published on journals, magazines, reviews.<br>
250  <u><br>
251  <br>
252  </u></b></font></dt></center></div><p align="center">
253  
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