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23<H1><CENTER><FONT SIZE="+4">Quackenbush Air Guns<BR>
24</FONT><font size="4">9am-6pm Central time&nbsp; <font color="#FF00FF">No Sunday
25calls!!</font></font></CENTER></H1>
26
27<H3><A HREF="index.htm">Back home</A></H3>
28
29<H3></h3>
30<HR ALIGN=LEFT SIZE="5">
31
32<p align="center"><font size="6" face="Arial">Airgun Articles</font></p>
33
34<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font face="Arial">Airgun
35History is Being Made</font><font face="Arial"><o:p>
36</o:p>
37</font></p>
38<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">If you attend an airgun show, you are
39doing something extraordinary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>There
40are a lot more airgunners than there are attendees at a show.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
41</span>This time may be a golden age of airgunning.<span style="mso-spacerun:
42yes">&nbsp; </span>If it does get any better than this it is because of the
43pioneers that took the effort to attend the airgun shows.<span style="mso-spacerun:
44yes">&nbsp; </span>The amount of participation is a factor in the growth of
45airgunning, just as people deciding to buy, for example, a TX200.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
46</span>They&#39;re voting with their money that the TX200 is the better of the
47guns available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Their participation
48is what made if popular.<span style="mso-spacerun:
49yes">&nbsp; </span>When what we are doing now is looked back on in the future,
50they will wish that they were here with us now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
51</span>Maybe I&#39;m a geek for knowing this, but Lt. Worf, in Star Trek the Next 
52Generation, knew that when he was doing something daring, or extraordinary, that 
53his success would be recognized by saying: &quot;Songs will be sung about this.&quot;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
54</span>There hasn&#39;t been a time like this that by participating you are making
55airgun history.<o:p>
56</o:p>
57</font></p>
58<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">There is one thing about airgun shows
59that I would like to have changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>In
60the show hall people would discharge an airgun to show that it was working or
61holding air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This should not be
62done at the table, but at a designated place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
63</span>I was at an airgun show where this was happening and what started out as
64a joke like, &quot;Oh my eye&quot; or &quot;it hit me&quot;, when a discharge was made it
65then escalated to a bunch of people hooting like a bunch of monkeys in a tree.<span style="mso-spacerun:
66yes">&nbsp; </span>Airgun safety is not to be taken lightly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
67</span>Inappropriate airgun discharges should be booed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></font></p>
68<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
69<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="4"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">The
70following are posts where I tried to inform and recruit airgunners to help fight
71off a back-door attempt to regulate airguns.<br>
72I regret to say that nobody came forward.&nbsp; Even when I asked people face to
73face I got &quot;I'm retired; I live to far away, etc&quot;.&nbsp; Membership is
74$75, which is also tax deductible for a business, so all the excuses told me
75what type of people they were.</span></font></p>
76<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font face="Arial">Anti-airgun chronology &amp; connections<br>
7714 May 2005</font></p>
78<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Tracing back from the current point of contention, it
79starts with Bill Clinton, having 2 terms in office, was able to appoint all of
80the commissioners on the Consumer Products Safety Commission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
81</span>The commissioners have staggered terms so they are replaced sequentially.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
82</span>A one-term president would not be able to change all of the
83commissioners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Bill Clinton was
84able to seat anti-gunners on the commission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
85</span>The CPSC, by an act of congress, does not have jurisdiction over
86firearms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>So they turn to the next
87thing that they could meddle in, and that is airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
88</span>The CPSC used a tragic misuse of a Daisy airgun to claim that Daisy had a
89defective airgun, which therefore fell underneath their jurisdiction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></font></p>
90<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">In comes the television program 60 Minutes, ever ready to
91support an anti-gun or leftist agenda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>If
92you remember, 60 Minutes is the one that attached remote controlled model rocket
93motors to Chevy pickup truck fuel tanks so they would have spectacular fires
94when they crashed the pickup trucks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They
95never told you that the fuel tanks were purposely set on fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
96</span>60 Minutes takes up the anti-airgun issue in the same manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
97</span>This is where confusing velocity with power comes in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
98</span>The 60 Minutes segment, on Dangerous Daisy&#39;s, had a Ruger Standard Auto
99pistol and a chronograph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They must
100have shot CB caps in the .22 cal. Ruger pistol because that&#39;s the only way
101they could have gotten a velocity of lower than 600fps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
102</span>Then they fired the Daisy BB gun through the chronograph, which indicated
103a higher velocity, than the .22 pistol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The
104conclusion is the lie of lies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They
105declared, on air, that the Daisy BB gun was more powerful than the .22 pistol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
106</span>I know these two lies from 60 Minutes, so I don&#39;t believe anything else
107they have to say.</font></p>
108<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">George Bush is elected President, and as CPSC
109commissioner&#39;s terms expire, he appoints less &quot;hostile&quot; commissioners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
110</span>The leftist, now out of power on the commission, go to the American
111Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), a standards setting organization, to
112regulate airguns by this back door method.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
113</span>I and others, some to modest to have their name mentioned, joined the
114ASTM to combat this anti-airgun movement.</font></p>
115<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">In California a legislative assistant, minding his own
116business driving down the street, is shot in the neck by a juvenile (soon to be
117a career criminal) using a &quot;high power&quot; airgun.<span style="mso-spacerun:
118yes">&nbsp; </span>It was a 1000fps, advertised, spring gun, that the punk was
119using to shoot at passing cars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Having
120been a victim, by being shot, he takes the liberal way of not blaming the
121perpetrator, but by blaming the airgun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>He
122joins the ASTM to regulate &quot;high power&quot; airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
123</span>The aim is to limit the velocity of airguns to 350fps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></font></p>
124<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Because of resistance at the ASTM, from airgunners, an easy
125conclusion to their agenda was thwarted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>So
126the &quot;shot in the neck&quot; victim takes the agenda back to somebody he knows,
127California State Senator Jack Scott.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The
128CA anti-airgun proposal is that they want to regulate airguns as though they
129were firearms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>So your airgun would
130have to comply with all the rules and regulations as if it were a firearm.</font></p>
131<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">This is how I see it up till now.</font></p>
132<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Enemy
133at the Gates<o:p>
134<br>
1357 May 2004 </o:p>
136<o:p>
137</o:p>
138</span></p>
139<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
140</span>The enemy is at the gate and few rise in defense.<o:p>
141</o:p>
142</span></p>
143<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
144</span>The people who believe that a Daisy 856 is too powerful are going to
145decide the fate of air gunning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>These
146same people hold that the Daisy 856 that has a disconnector, a manual safety,
147visible loader and safety precaution information molded into its surface is
148unsafe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>You know that they are not
149there to be reasonable, they are there to eliminate air guns. <o:p>
150</o:p>
151</span></p>
152<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
153</span>What if Ge-orge Sor-ros, (take the dash out for the name, I don't want it
154to be found on a web search) democrat activist and billionaire, granted $7500.
155for 100 participants in the ASTM committee?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
156</span>The committee would be stacked and we'd all be shooting airsoft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
157</span>If this were to happen I'm sure the hat could be passed and a collection
158made to match, but it will be too late.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>It
159can't be undone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>The British
160and the Canadians only wish they had a voice, like this, to prevent what befell
161them.<o:p>
162</o:p>
163</span></p>
164<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>This
165is my plea, if you are able to please join the committee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
166</span>What is also needed is a coordinator, so that all those involved can be
167emailed with the information about when events are about to happen.<span style="mso-spacerun:
168yes">&nbsp; </span></span></p>
169<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Major
170Threat to Air Gunning<o:p>
171</o:p>
172<o:p>
173</o:p>
174<br>
175</span><font face="Arial"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">8 </span>May 2004</font></p>
176<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
177</span>Do you recall the Consumer Product Safety Commission's attempt to destroy
178Daisy?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>That was only thwarted when
179the Clinton appointee's term expired and Bush was able to appoint a non-radical<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
180</span>commissioner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>(We'll fight
181this battle again if Kerry gets to appoint commissioners.)<span style="mso-spacerun:
182yes">&nbsp; </span>The CPSC's over Daisy would have set a precedent to cover all
183other air guns.<o:p>
184</o:p>
185</span></p>
186<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
187</span>Well, now comes the backdoor method, through the non-governmental
188organization American Society for Testing &amp; Materials (ASTM), which is a
189standard's development organization for industry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
190</span>The same people that were at the CPSC are now chairing a committee at the
191ASTM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The standards that they are
192looking at are things like:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>loaded
193chamber indicators, automatic safeties, restricting power levels and may include
194undeveloped technologies as a ploy to stop air gun manufacture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
195</span>In this way they require a technology that can't be put into an air gun,
196so that no air guns can be made, because the technology can't be adapted to the
197air gun.<o:p>
198</o:p>
199</span></p>
200<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
201</span>What is needed to stop this is voting and participating members on the
202committee that is going to take this up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The
203committee number is F-15/06.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The
204catalog section is Sporting Goods 15/07.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Membership
205is $75.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Go to www.ASTM.org.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
206</span>Existing members please respond here so we can get a list for
207coordination so that we all vote at the correct time, on the correct item.<o:p>
208</o:p>
209</span></p>
210<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
211</span>Just like NRA members are the thin front line in the fight to preserve
212firearms ownership, this ASTM membership is very important, in the long run, for
213air gunning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Not everyone can
214participate, but if you have $75. and the will, join the front line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
215</span>You're needed in the battle, don't be a shirker.<o:p>
216</o:p>
217</span></p>
218<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
219</span>People already involved:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Crosman
220Corp., Daisy, Airhog, Airguns of AZ, Gamo &amp; others that I just don't have in
221mind at the moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>You can help by
222putting this notice on other forums that I have not attended to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
223</span>Thank you.</span><o:p>
224</o:p>
225</p>
226<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
227<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font face="Arial">First
228Frontline Report<br>
2298 July 2004</font></span></p>
230<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><o:p>
231</o:p>
232<span style="font-family:Verdana">The first ASTM airgun regulation meeting was
233held in Philadelphia. Quick background: The Clinton appointees, to the Consumer
234Product Safety Commission, had pushed for government regulations of airguns
235through a suit against Daisy. With Bush's election more gun friendly
236commissioners were appointed, replacing the anti-gun Clinton people. Some of the
237same anti-gunners from the commission are now trying to use a non-governmental
238regulatory group to push heavy restrictions on airgun types and designs.<br>
239At the meeting representatives from AirForce, Crosman, Daisy, Remington,
240Marksman, GAMO &amp; Dr. Beeman were there. The NRA has also gotten involved and
241had representatives from the 4-H, boy scouts and a local shooting club attend
242the meeting.<br>
243The meeting put together working groups (in their term &quot;task groups&quot;).
244Some of the things each group is tasked with is to study: 15 years of previous
245airgun reports to the CPSC, warnings required on the guns themselves, a standard
246way of loading/feeding BB's, loaded chamber indicators, velocities and automatic
247safeties for airguns.<br>
248The next meeting will be in October. I hope more of you would join in and
249support the fight against these regulations. In the future you may be like the
250pilots in the Battle of Britain where so much will be owed to so few for keeping
251airgunning such an enjoyable and diverse sport.<br>
252Dennis Quackenbush</span></span></p>
253<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">First
254Warning<br>
25513 July 2004</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman"><o:p>
256</o:p>
257</span></p>
258<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana">Do you recall the
259Consumer Product Safety Commission's attempt to destroy Daisy? That was only
260thwarted when the Clinton appointee's term expired and Bush was able to appoint
261a non-radical commissioner. (We'll fight this battle again if Kerry gets to
262appoint commissioners.) The CPSC's over Daisy would have set a precedent to
263cover all other air guns.<br>
264Well, now comes the backdoor method, through the non-governmental organization
265American Society for Testing &amp; Materials (ASTM), which is a standard's
266development organization for industry. The same people that were at the CPSC are
267now chairing a committee at the ASTM. The standards that they are looking at are
268things like: loaded chamber indicators, automatic safeties, restricting power
269levels and may include undeveloped technologies as a ploy to stop air gun
270manufacture. In this way they require a technology that can't be put into an air
271gun, so that no air guns can be made, because the technology can't be adapted to
272the air gun.<br>
273What is needed to stop this is voting and participating members on the committee
274that is going to take this up. The committee number is F-15/06. The catalog
275section is Sporting Goods 15/07. Membership is $75. Go to www.ASTM.org. Existing
276members please respond here so we can get a list for coordination so that we all
277vote at the correct time, on the correct item.<br>
278Just like NRA members are the thin front line in the fight to preserve firearms
279ownership, this ASTM membership is very important, in the long run, for air
280gunning. Not everyone can participate, but if you have $75. and the will, join
281the front line. You're needed in the battle, don't be a shirker.<br>
282People already involved: Crosman Corp., Daisy, Airhog, Airguns of AZ, Gamo &amp;
283others that I just don't have in mind at the moment. You can help by putting
284this notice on other forums that I have not attended to. Thank y
284ou.<o:p>
285</o:p>
286</span></p>
287<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana">The steel companies are
288all members of ASTM, so they work out the chemical composition of a grade of
289steel and set the standard strength and physical characteristics. The use of
290this is that the people who are involved with steel and know steel set the
291standards, rather than having them set by an outside entity with an agenda (i.e.
292grudge against the steel industry. An environmental group proposes that because
293coking is air polluting, that steel cannot be made without coke. Coking is where
294they take coal and heat it to drive off moisture and some volatiles, so when
295burned it can obtain a higher temperature.)<br>
296We presently have an ASTM committee to set the standards for air guns. The chair
297and participants of this committee are anti-air gun. Do you think it's good for
298us to let these people alone and tell us what air guns are to be like and what
299we can have in the future?</span></p>
300<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><o:p>
301</o:p>
302<b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Verdana;
303mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
304mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Possible
305future regulations on airguns</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
306font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:
307&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
308mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br>
309</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:
310&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-language:
311EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">July 29 2004 at 11:57
312PM</span></span></p>
313<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
314mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
315mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">These
316are four of the ASTM working task groups. These are the areas in which they are
317considering standards and regulations.<br>
318Load &amp; Feed task group: acceptable methods of verifying loaded or unloaded
319airguns, which may include loaded chamber indicators.<br>
320<br>
321Velocity &amp; Age task group: restricting airguns by their velocity as to what
322age you need to be to own one.<br>
323<br>
324Labels &amp; Warnings: What important data needs to be on the gun itself. (If
325you've seen some firearms, they're loaded with warning script.)<br>
326<br>
327Incident Data task group: This group will review all the incident reports of
328injuries, damages, etc., caused by airguns for the past 10 years. (I believe 10
329years is the limit.)<br>
330<br>
331Just to keep you informed. Thank you for your interest.<br style="mso-special-character:
332line-break">
333<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
334<b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Verdana;
335mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
336mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Application
337of regulations</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
338mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
339mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br>
340</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:
341&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-language:
342EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">July 31 2004 at 12:06
343AM</span></span></p>
344<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
345mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
346mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Whatever
347is won or lost at the ASTM will apply to new manufacture. But once these
348standards are set, any state or federal law could be made using this reference
349to ban existing guns. This back door regulation of airguns is a tool and it will
350be used by those opposed to airguns in any way they can to get rid of airguns.
351There are more scenarios than I could lay out in all the available space here.
352It's not to worry about the future, but to be active now to make your future.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
353<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
354<b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Verdana;
355mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
356mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">They
357(Liberals) are attempting it right now!</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
358font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:
359&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
360mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br>
361</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:
362&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-ansi-language:
363EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">July 31 2004 at 10:29
364PM</span></span></p>
365<p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
366mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
367mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">People
368who were once empowered in government by the Democrat party tried, through the
369Consumer Product Safety Commission, to restrict airguns. These same people are
370now the driving force in an ASTM (American Standards &amp; Testing) rule &amp;
371regulation writing push that may eliminate many of the manufacturers &amp; types
372of airguns in the US. How many time does it have to be explained that they use
373incrementalism. A little rule here, a little law there and airguns are gone.
374Their not going to come to your door and demand your guns, the law will be
375written so that you'll have to bring them to them.</span></p>
376<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p>
377</o:p>
378</p>
379<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
380<p class="auto-style1" align="center">Collar Button Bullet from the 1880's</p>
381<div align="center">
382  <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt">
383    <tr>
384      <td width="50%" style="width:50.0%;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
385        <p class="auto-style1">Originally designed a hundred years ago for gallery, small game and
386        plinking; this design was reintroduced in 1999 with only 100 moulds
387        being made. We were fortunate to get a few moulds and can offer this
388        interesting bullet for sale. In the Contender carbines and pistols this
389        is a dandy bullet for plinking and small game. Recoil is quite
390        manageable and accuracy is good. This bullet can also be used in the old
391        .455-caliber Colts and S&amp;
391W revolvers that originally took a
392        .457&quot; bullet. This bullet is also used in some .45 caliber air
393        rifles. <o:p>
394        </o:p>
395        </p>
396        <p class="auto-style1">&nbsp; <o:p>
397        </o:p>
398        </p>
399        <p class="auto-style1">&nbsp; <o:p>
400        </o:p>
401        </p>
402      </td>
403      <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
404        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<span class="auto-style1"><o:p>
405        </o:p>
406        </span>
407        </p>
408        <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;border:outset .75pt">
409          <tr>
410            <td style="border:inset .75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
411              <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
412     coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
413     filled="f" stroked="f">
414     <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
415     <v:formulas>
416      <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
417      <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
418      <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
419      <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
420      <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
421      <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
422      <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
423      <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
424      <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
425      <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
426      <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
427      <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
428     </v:formulas>
429     <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
430     <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
431    </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:90pt;
432     height:90.75pt'>
433     <v:imagedata src="Airgun1.gif"
434      o:href="http://missoula.bigsky.net/western/cbip/images/l457130.gif"/>
435    </v:shape><![endif]-->
436              <img src="Airgun1.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="120" height="121" class="auto-style1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
437    &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
438              </o:p>
439              </span></p>
440            </td>
441            <td style="border:inset .75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
442              <table border="1" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt">
443                <tr>
444                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
445                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span class="auto-style1">Lyman</span><br class="auto-style1">
446                    <span class="auto-style1">#457130</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;
447      color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
448                    </o:p>
449                    </span></p>
450                  </td>
451                </tr>
452                <tr>
453                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
454                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Weight:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
455      font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
456                    </o:p>
457                    </span></p>
458                  </td>
459                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
460                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">150 grains</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
461      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
462                    </o:p>
463                    </span></p>
464                  </td>
465                </tr>
466                <tr>
467                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
468                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Style:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
469      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
470                    </o:p>
471                    </span></p>
472                  </td>
473                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
474                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">Collarbutton</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
475      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
476                    </o:p>
477                    </span></p>
478                  </td>
479                </tr>
480                <tr>
481                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
482                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Size:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
483      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
484                    </o:p>
485                    </span></p>
486                  </td>
487                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
488                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">.458&quot;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
489      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
490                    </o:p>
491                    </span></p>
492                  </td>
493                </tr>
494                <tr>
495                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
496                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Qty:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
497      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
498                    </o:p>
499                    </span></p>
500                  </td>
501                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
502                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">100 per box</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
503      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
504                    </o:p>
505                    </span></p>
506                  </td>
507                </tr>
508                <tr>
509                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
510                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Price:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
511      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
512                    </o:p>
513                    </span></p>
514                  </td>
515                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
516                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">$8.50 per 100</span><br class="auto-style1">
517                    <span class="auto-style1">$40.00 per 500</span><br class="auto-style1">
518                    <span class="auto-style1">$75.00 per 1000</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;
519      color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
520                    </o:p>
521                    </span></p>
522                  </td>
523                </tr>
524                <tr>
525                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
526                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style2">Ship wgt:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
527      font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
528                    </o:p>
529                    </span></p>
530                  </td>
531                  <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
532                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="auto-style1">2.25# per box</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
533      &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;color:black" class="auto-style1"><o:p>
534                    </o:p>
535                    </span></p>
536                  </td>
537                </tr>
538              </table>
539              <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;
540    color:black"><o:p>
541              </o:p>
542              </span></p>
543            </td>
544          </tr>
545        </table>
546        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;;
547  color:black"><o:p>
548        </o:p>
549        </span></p>
550      </td>
551    </tr>
552  </table>
553</div>
554<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Arial">Creative
555reading of the 1<sup>st</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Amendment
556threatens the 2<sup>nd<br>
55727 August 2004</sup> <o:p>
558</o:p>
559<o:p>
560</o:p>
561</font>
562</span></p>
563<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Arial">Current
564interpretation of the 1<sup>st</sup> Amendment has a principal �separation of
565church and state.�<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Nowhere in the
566Constitution or the minutes of the debate when making the Constitution or the
567Federalist Papers contains the words �separation of church and state�,
568especially when this is meant to mean that there should be no religious
569participation in public affairs. <o:p>
570</o:p>
571</font>
572</span></p>
573<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Arial">The
574current interpretation of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Amendment of the �right to keep
575and bear arms� is a collective right, not a personal right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
576</span>Now, all the mention of individual rights of the people in nine of the
577Amendments are personal rights, but in the second Amendment it�s now read
578�the militia� as a collective right, so you as an individual cannot own a
579gun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The right to keep and bear
580arms belongs to the National Guard.<span style="mso-spacerun:
581yes">&nbsp; </span>In the debates of the Amendments to the Constitution both
582George Mason and Richard Henry described the militia as �the people�, which
583is you, me and the guy next door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span><o:p>
584</o:p>
585</font>
586</span></p>
587<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Arial">So
588if you go along for a misreading of the First, you set yourself up to have to
589accept their misreading of the Second.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>For
590whatever reason a person might have to curtail the liberty of one group will
591come back and bite you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>We�re
592supposed to have tolerance for people with different lifestyles and people of
593different ideas, except when it comes to people of religion, they are to be
594expunged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Don�t fall for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
595</span>Don�t go along with the persecution of one group because the same
596argument will be turned on you at some other time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
597</span>Protect it all, or lose it all.<o:p>
598</o:p>
599</font>
600</span></p>
601<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt"><font face="Arial">The
602separation of church and state argument is a misconstruing that is detrimental
603to all our rights.</font></span></p>
604<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font face="Arial">Discourse and
605Debate<br>
60629 August 2004</font></p>
607<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Somewhere between 10-20% of the people visiting this forum
608are participants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This is a
609proportion to the number of people signed in, to the number of visitors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
610</span>I�m sure some of these people, who aren�t participants, have good
611points to make and information to contribute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
612</span>Their hesitancy might be the way that they see how some posters are
613treated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They don�t want to get
614slammed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The following are some of
615the practices that stifle discourse and debate, and if avoided may cause more
616people to participate.</font></p>
617<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
618tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">1)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
619</span>Name calling; you know the other side is losing as soon as they start
620calling others names.<o:p>
621</o:p>
622</font>
623</p>
624<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
625tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">2)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
626</span>Accuse others of calling them names;<span style="mso-spacerun:
627yes">&nbsp; </span>calling a person a name, the word(s) used would be
628derogatory, not to be confused with a description in a general sense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
629</span>In a following point I am going to describe how a person who uses a
630particular tactic is a loser, for using a bankrupt tactic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
631</span>Now, if I was name calling I would tell a person �you are a loser.�</font></p>
632<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
633tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">3)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
634</span>Using grammatical or typographical errors as a reason to slam somebody.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
635</span>We all make mistakes and we can use the �edit� button to go back and
636make our message clearer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>But to
637seize upon an obvious unintended error, shows that the opposition cannot make
638their point based on merit.<o:p>
639</o:p>
640</font>
641</p>
642<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
643tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">4)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
644</span>Changing denotation and connotation of words so you can either feel
645insulted or try to change the meaning of you opposite�s intent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
646</span>When in doubt, just consult a dictionary.</font></p>
647<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
648tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">5)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
649</span>Demanding an apology for perceived slights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
650</span>Most of the perceived slight is the use of some of the above points and
651is intended to put your opposite off balance and off subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
652</span>Again, this is when the opposition can�t persuade you by the strength
653of their argument.<o:p>
654</o:p>
655</font>
656</p>
657<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
658tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">6)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
659</span>Laughing, the �hee-hee� and �ha-ha� is there to try and belittle
660the other party by trying to assume a position of superiority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
661</span>Again, this is done when they can�t persuade you with ideas.</font></p>
662<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
663tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">7)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
664</span>Focus on one word, or a phrase, in the presentation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
665</span>This is usually the problem of the person who is upset with the word or
666phrase on an emotional basis, and no clarification will ever move them off of
667it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>In this case, just move on with
668your main point.<o:p>
669</o:p>
670</font>
671</p>
672<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;
672mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
673tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">8)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
674</span>Hijacking of a thread.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>When
675others might want to steer away from the point made they�ll bring up all kinds
676of things to vector off from your presentation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
677</span>This is best ignored, don�t answer.</font></p>
678<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
679tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">9)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
680</span>The dissecting of sentences; when a person takes their opponents writing
681and parses it word for word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They
682are usually doing many of the things above, changing denotation, connotation and
683definition, or pointing out grammatical or typographical errors as a way of
684trying to win the point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This is
685the mark of a loser.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>You needn�t
686have to do this if you have strength in your argument.<o:p>
687</o:p>
688</font>
689</p>
690<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
691tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">10)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;
692</span>Slamming a person by using one of the above points, then self righteously
693declaring victory, then leaving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This
694person has nothing to contribute or their position was indefensible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
695</span>You, the reader, know people like this deep, deep down they�re really
696shallow.<o:p>
697</o:p>
698<o:p>
699</o:p>
700</font>
701</p>
702<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
703tab-stops:list .5in"><font face="Arial">11)<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;
704</span>A discussion that never ends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>A
705person keeps on coming back to the same point, no matter how it is explained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
706</span>You know these types of people, when one of them comes into the room they
707believe they�re the smartest person there and they�re going to prove it to
708you.<span style="mso-spacerun:
709yes">&nbsp; </span>So at some point, you have to accept that they're irrational
710and&nbsp; you're never going to change their mind, so just move on.</font>
711</p>
712<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">One last caveat, this is not aimed at anyone in particular
713it is a general discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This is
714experience from observing the forum for a couple of years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
715</span>The reason I mention them is because these points are continually
716reappearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>If they can be toned
717downed in some way, I think there would be more, and better, participation.</font></p>
718<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font face="Arial">Kinetic Energy;
719Explanation of Pressure</font></p>
720<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Think of gas molecules in constant motion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
721</span>If they have motion, they have kinetic energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
722</span>(The kinetic energy is dependant on the temperature of the gas.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
723</span>The gas molecules are moving about and they collide with each other and
724the gas molecules have elastic collisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
725</span>An elastic collision is where the molecules collide without losing
726energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>They bounce off each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
727</span>Gas molecules can be captured in a container.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
728</span>In this article, the container will be a pressure vessel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
729</span>The molecules are colliding with each other and the walls of the pressure
730vessel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>If you add more molecules
731of gas, you have more collisions with the pressure vessel�s walls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
732</span>The pressure vessel sees these collisions as stress and we measure this
733as pounds per square inch (psi).<o:p>
734</o:p>
735</font>
736</p>
737<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">The pressure (psi) is due to the collisions of the
738molecules of gas on the pressure vessel�s walls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
739</span>The more molecules of gas in the pressure vessel, the greater the
740pressure.</font></p>
741<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font face="Arial">Pressure Gauge Accuracy<o:p>
742</o:p>
743</font>
744</p>
745<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Pressure gauges commonly used for airguns are not 100%
746accurate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>As a standard industry
747grade D gauge, it has a plus or minus 5% tolerance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
748</span>5%, at 3000psi, is 150psi, for an extreme spread of 300psi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
749</span>3000psi gauges will most probably have the greater amount of their error
750at the 3000psi level.<span style="mso-spacerun:
751yes">&nbsp; </span>That�s because pressure gauges are most accurate in the
752middle of their range.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>So the least
753amount of expected error, in a 3000psi gauge, would be at the 2000psi range.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
754</span>To reduce the amount of inaccuracy, the use of a 4000psi reading gauge
755would move the 3000psi reading to the middle of its range where the amount of
756error is the least.<o:p>
757</o:p>
758</font>
759</p>
760<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Some airgunners may have seen this where they have found a
761�sweet spot� for their fill pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Having
762sold or lent the gun to someone who is using a different fill apparatus and
763gauge, fills the gun to the prescribed pressure level and doesn�t find the
764sweet spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The difference between
765your gauge and his could be as much as 300psi difference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
766</span>(This is the theoretical maximum, which would not occur often, but 100 to
767200psi would be more common.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><o:p>
768</o:p>
769</font>
770</p>
771<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Now you can buy a better grade of pressure gauge, but again
772the mid-scale accuracy of pressure indication comes into play.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
773</span>Industry standard grade B gauges have a 2% mid-scale accuracy and a 3%
774over the first quarter and the last quarter of the pressure scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
775</span>Again, to get the accurate reading out of this gauge you would want a
776dial reading of 4000psi so it moves your useful 3000psi reading towards the
777middle of the scale.<o:p>
778</o:p>
779</font>
780</p>
781<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">There are more accurate gauges.<span style="mso-spacerun:
782yes">&nbsp; </span>Grade A gauges have a + or � 1% accuracy for a mid-scale
783reading and 2% for the first and last quarter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
784</span>On these gauges, and even higher accuracy reading gauges, the price rises
785significantly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Pressure gauges of
786this or higher accuracy are used as calibration gauges and not used as fill
787apparatus gauges because of their price.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>An
788example is the grade 2A, + or � 0.5% for the full range, that I use for
789checking the accuracy of other gauges, but not used for filling airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></font></p>
790<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font face="Arial">The Maturing Airgun Field<o:p>
791&nbsp;<br>
79230 May 2007</o:p>
793</font>
794</p>
795<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">To demonstrate the greater maturity of current airgunning,
796I�ll cite some experiences and observations from over the past 20 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
797</span>The first one is advertising, because for many airgun enthusiasts,
798they�ve never seen many of the guns that they desire, so it�s the
799advertising that they see first with their contact with airguning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
800</span>Mature people accept plain and blunt statements of fact when delivered
801with courtesy and sincerity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Mostly
802gone now is the flowery language extolling the pride of ownership and the double
803speak of giving you the highlights without a complete picture of the airgun;
804scanty information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Nothing is more
805important when you make a mail order purchase and the item arrives and you
806realize that it is priced more than it�s worth, and the quality is less than
807what you paid for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The internet has
808been a good source for airgunners because they are few in number and widely
809separated and the internet ties them together coast to coast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
810</span>Through internet participation airgunners soon learn from others about
811undelivered promises and unreal claims, allowing them to make a better choice in
812their purchase.<o:p>
813</o:p>
814</font>
815</p>
816<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">There was once a gray market in airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
817</span>A gray market is when an item is imported by someone other than the
818official importer/distributor.<span style="mso-spacerun:
819yes">&nbsp; </span>There would be European or English made airguns for sale by
820never heard of before people (and never heard from again) who, on a trip to
821Europe, returned with a handful or a score of airguns hoping to recoup part of
822the cost of their trip by selling the airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
823</span>The unfortunate part for the buyer was is that the guns were lower power
824European specification and may have been styled or have other specifications
825different because they weren�t intended for sale in the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
826</span>The official importer/distributor was under no obligation to offer
827warranty service and, because of European specifications, the parts may even be
828different, therefore unattainable in the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
829</span>I haven�t seen any gray marketing of airguns for a long time now
830because upon seeing a picture of the gun most airgunners would catch on that
831they are not made for the U.S. market.<o:p>
832</o:p>
833</font>
834</p>
835<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">The speed at which new innovations in airguns occur is much
836more rapid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>The eventual end of
837innovation will never happen, but the airguns have taken a quantum leap forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
838</span>The only problem with this is that it makes the airgun that you bought
839just last year obsolete and less saleable used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
840</span>Yet, some airguns are so good, like the TX 200, that they are good
841sellers for years on the strength of their proven usability and performance.<o:p>
842</o:p>
843</font>
844</p>
845<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">The growth in numbers of airgunners is encouraging.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
846</span>Years ago there was only a small amount of hard core airgunners who,
847without the internet, would gather at airgun shows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
848</span>The first Little Rock airgun show, sponsored by US Airgun Magazine, was
849small.<span style="mso-spacerun:
850yes">&nbsp; </span>But among those who attended were the most dedicated, they
851had to be, to go along with the difficulties. One of them was after the first
852day�s show a majority, just about everybody, went to Michael�s restaurant,
853which was connected to the La Quinta motel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
854</span>The restaurant was used to sending sandwiches as room service and when
855the 40 to 50 people from the airgun show descended upon it, it was overwhelmed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
856</span>It took actual hours to get your meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
857</span>It took over 2 hours for my wife and I to get our meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
858</span>While some fumed about the situation, most were happy to spend the time
859amongst newfound friends discussing airguns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
860</span>So instead of being a restaurant it was a meeting room with refreshments
861served occasionally.<o:p>
862</o:p>
863</font>
864</p>
865<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">The first Baldwinsville show I attended was so small that
866half of the American Legion bar room was petitioned off for the tables of the
867airgun show.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>But that size was no
868impediment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Everyone there wanted
869to be there to be in the company of other airgunners and surrounded by airguns.<o:p>
870</o:p>
871</font>
872</p>
873<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">The gun handling safety awareness has risen tremendously,
874thank goodness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>At the
875Baldwinsville airgun show I was standing next to the jukebox talking with Tom
876Anderson, when I got shot in the leg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Across
877the room a group were studying a Sharpe air pistol by disassembling it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
878</span>Nobody had checked the barrel to see if there was a pellet in it or that
879the gun had a charge in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>During
880handling the gun discharged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Fortunately
881the breech was not closed properly, for when the pellet flew across the room, it
882was not at full power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>It struck me
883right on the seam of my Levi�s (then, Levi�s were still made in the USA and
884were substantial products).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>It hurt
885like a bee sting!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>It didn�t
886penetrate the skin, but I still had a welt from where it hit.<o:p>
887</o:p>
888</font>
889</p>
890<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Another unthinkable airgun handling mishap, that should
891never happen again because it broke all the common sense safety rules, was that
892a loaded, cocked, ready to fire, high power big bore airgun was handed to an
893inexperienced person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Well
894the gun discharged during the handling and at least the muzzle was pointed
895downrange, but when it when off the muzzle was elevated so it shot a hole in the
896ceiling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>These types of
897mistakes would not be repeated today with the heightened awareness that airguns
898are not toys.<o:p>
899</o:p>
900</font>
901</p>
902<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">And in another 20 years I would be more than pleased to be
903able to say that the airgun hobby has reached new heights of participants with
904even better airguns (in ways we can�t even think of right now).</font></p>
905<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font face="Arial">Turbulence limits airflow</font></p>
906<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Air released at higher pressure is higher velocity air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
907</span>As air speed increases it gets fouled in the path that it takes,
908restricting the main current of the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Awareness
909of a problem always precedes understanding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
910</span>Everybody knows that you want a smooth flow and has a general idea of how
911it should be, but the higher the pressure, the more important the little things
912are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Have you ever noticed how, on
913a pre-charge gun, if you increase its operating pressure its performance gets
914worse?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>If the performance at higher
915pressure becomes erratic, it�s probably due to turbulence.<span style="mso-spacerun:
916yes">&nbsp; </span>That�s why lowering the fill pressure from 3000psi to
9172800psi makes the gun consistent because you�ve eliminated the disruption of a
918confused airflow.<o:p>
919</o:p>
920</font>
921</p>
922<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">Let�s use an automotive poppet valve as an example.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
923</span>Although it works in reverse, drawing air through the poppet, rather than
924pushing air out of the area the poppet seals off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
925</span>The descent of the auto piston creates vacuum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
926</span>When the poppet opens air is drawn down the duct passage, past the valve
927stem, which obstructs the flow, making a transition as the bend in the flow in
928the back of the poppet valve and then through the annular space between the
929valve poppet and the seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Motorcycle
930engines of the late 70�s could obtain an air velocity of 400fps with the
931attention paid to detail in their porting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
932</span>Whereas production auto engines could be as low as 180fps with their
933simplified, as cast, porting.<o:p>
934</o:p>
935</font>
936</p>
937<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">So the air gun is pushing the air the other way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
938</span>When the valve poppet is opened, air has to flow around the valve return
939spring, past the head of the poppet valve, through the annular space, then into
940a round conduit that is disrupted by the valve stem, it has to take a turn and
941then reshape itself into the round passage again and then into the breech of the
942airgun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>This airflow is terrible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
943</span>It has dead areas in the area of the turns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
944</span>Flow is restricted to the lee side of the stem and biased to one side of
945the valve.<o:p>
946</o:p>
947</font>
948</p>
949<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial">To get supersonic speeds you need supersonic airflow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
950</span>And air flowing at that speed is a different creature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
951</span>In the bends of air passage cavitation can occur and the airflow will
952actually erode away metal from the valve passage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
953</span>This, and other problems, are all part of figuring out how to make better
954airguns.</font></p>
955<h1 style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt" align="center"><font size="3"><font face="Arial">If I were riding on a wave of compressed air<o:p>
956 </font><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
957font-family:Verdana">
958</o:p>
959</span></font></h1>
960<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="3">When the
961valve opens a jet of high pressure, high velocity air passes through the annular
962space.<br>
963<br>
964The air then expands to fill all available space, expanding and having a drop in
965pressure.<br>
966<br>
967Meeting resisitance on all sides, but one, it travels through the transfer port
968and into the breech.<br>
969<br>
970Pressure builds up between the bolt face and the projectile base.<br>
971<br>
972When the pressure on the base of the projectile becomes a high enough force to
973overcome its inertia and the friction resistance to start into the rifling, it
974accelerates down the barrel.<br>
975<br>
976Moving down the barrel the air is constantly expanding, lowering the pressure,
977thus lowering its speed.<br>
978<br>
979I contend that the air is at its highest velocity because it's at highe
979st
980pressure as is leaves the reservoir.<o:p>
981</o:p>
982<o:p>
983</o:p>
984</font></p>
985<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="3">All of
986the air in the column is expanding at the same rate<o:p>
987</o:p>
988</font></p>
989<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="3">Or there
990would not be any force for the air next to the pellet base to &quot;push&quot;
991against.<br>
992And the pressure in the column is decreasing at the same rate. It starts out the
993highest at the valve and drops pressure from there.<br>
994That's as I think it to be.</font><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana"><o:p>
995</o:p>
996</span></p>
997<p class="auto-style3">
998<o:p>
999<font face="Verdana" size="4">Escape from Galaxy 3 air/ray gun</font></o:p></p>
1000<p class="auto-style4">
1001<o:p>
1002<font face="Verdana" size="2">Airguns in movies (others can add their 
1003observations) usually are place holders for firearms. There is the James Bond 
1004poster, with Roger Moore holding a Walther air pistol and another example is in 
1005one of Star Wars movies using a bunch of 10 meter pistols. <br><br>I was 
1006watching 1976 science fictin movie, Escape From Galaxy 3, and they use a ray 
1007pistol. I can&#39;t explain the reason why, but I immediately thought that I could 
1008make a pistol like the one in the movie (but it&#39;s an actual shooting airgun) out 
1009of a Crosman 700 rifle. <br><br>I got a rusted 700 action, without a stock, from 
1010Ron Sauls and cut the barrel to 10&quot; and made an adaptor plate for it to take a 
1011Crosman pistol grip. Polish &amp; blued it and I now have a unique fun gun that cost 
1012less than $50 to make. <br>
1013<img alt="" height="143" src="Airpistol002_zps6d8f7f9b.jpg" width="400"><img alt="" height="168" src="Airpistol005_zps8ff2702d.jpg" width="400"><br>
1014No collectible airgun was harmed in the construction of this project. <br>
1015</font></p>
1016<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="Fe_bar2.jpg"><img border="2" src="Fe_bar2_small1.jpg" alt="Fe_bar2.jpg (98132 bytes)" width="180" height="116"></a>
1017click on picture to enlarge</p>
1018<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana">
1019</o:p><font size="4">The difficulty for small quantity steel users: Although I
1020spend over $1500. a year purchasing steel, that's nothing to the order takers in
1021the front office.&nbsp; At this level I still have no sway over the steel that I
1022purchase.&nbsp; After waiting 5 times being told that it would be there next
1023week, 5 weeks worth of waiting got me steel I could not use.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
1024Pictured (from top to bottom) is sheared flat stock, finished edge bar stock and
1025the barrel stay that is made from that stock.&nbsp; Now I wanted regular rolled
1026bar stock because its rolled surfaces become the working surface of the part.&nbsp;
1027So when the steel company didn't have the bar stock, they took a plate and
1028sheared it into 1&quot; strips.&nbsp; &quot;Sheared&quot; in sheet steel (.014
1029to .046) actually shears, just as if you cutting paper.&nbsp; But to say that
1030you're shearing plate (3/16&quot; thick and up) is really a misnomer because
1031what you're really doing is breaking a piece of steel off.&nbsp; When the shear
1032blade strikes the plate there is slight compression, then cutting begins, but
1033rapidly the tensile strength of the steel is surpassed and the steel fractures,
1034breaking off.&nbsp; The top of the picture is the fractured edge of the steel.&nbsp;
1035On one side of the strip the fracture is undercut, and on the opposite side the
1036fracture throws a burr, so you have a trapezoid shape.&nbsp; When this strip is
1037measured, it measures 1&quot;, but when you machine the edges, to smooth it out,
1038it's undersize by .048.&nbsp; So this steel can't be used to make the part as
1039pictured.<br>
1040So the way around it is to take a day off and drive to the steel warehouse.&nbsp;
1041The reason for this is when I can talk to the guys on the shop floor I can get
1042things worked out right.&nbsp; A box of doughnuts and some gun magazines, as a
1043gratuity, makes you one of their buddies.&nbsp; They'll take 3 minutes more to
1044find some rolled edge steel in the stack.&nbsp; I pay the same money for the
1045steel, but the personal contact makes sure that I leave with what I actually
1046wanted.</font>
1047</span></p>
1048<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
1049<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
1050
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